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LABOUR 
GAZETTE 


JULY-f  1953 

VOL.  Llir2        No.  7-/<2 


IN  THIS  ISSUE: 


82nd  Annual  Meeting, 

Canadian  Manufacturers' 

Association 

Effects  of 
Plant  Expansion  in 
Ontario,  1948-53 

Minister  of  Labour 
Addresses  ILO 

Highlights  of  Provincial 
Labour  Legislation,  1953 

Wage  Rates  for  Labourers 


Published  Monthly 
by  the 

DEPARTMENT 
OF   LABOUR 

OTTAWA 


THE  LABOUR  GAZETTE 

Official  Journal  of  the  Department  of  Labour,  Canada 

Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  A.  H.  Brown,  Deputy  Minister 


Published  Monthly  in 
English    and     French 


Editorial  Staff 

Editor 

Harry  J.  Walker 

Assistant  Editor 

W.  S.  Drinkwater 

Editor,  French  Edition 

Guy  de  Merlis 

Circulation  Manager 

C.  E.  St.  George 


604153 


Hi* 


o  o 


Vol.  LIU,  No.  7               CONTENTS                   JULY,  1953 

Current  Manpower  and  Labour  Relations  Review 967 

Notes  ot  Current  Interest 983 

82nd  Annual  Meeting,  Canadian  Manufacturers'  Association. .  996 

Effects  of  Plant  Expansion  on  Employment  in  Ontario 1 004 

Recent  Annual  Conventions,  Provincial  Labour  Organizations. .  1006 

Report  of  N.B.  Department  of  Labour  for  1952 101 1 

International  Labour  Organization: 

Minister  of  Labour  Addresses  General  Conference 1014 

Teamwork  in  Industry 1019 

Industrial  Relations  and  Conciliation: 

Proceedings  before  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 1020 

Conciliation  Proceedings  before  Minister  of  Labour 1020 

Collective  Agreements  and  Wage  Schedules: 

Recent  Collective  Agreements 1025 

Collective  Agreement  Act,  Quebec 1030 

Labour  Law: 

Highlights  of  Labour  Laws  Enacted  by  Provinces,  1953. . .  1033 

1953  Labour  Legislation  in  British  Columbia  and  Quebec. .  1040 

Legal  Decisions  Affecting  Labour 1043 

Unemployment  Insurance: 

Monthly  Report  on  Operations 1046 

Decision  of  the  Umpire 1 047 

Labour  Conditions  in  Federal  Government  Contracts 1049 

Wages,  Hours  and  Working  Conditions: 

Wage  Rates  for  Male  Labourers  in  Manufacturing 1052 

Prices  and  the  Cost  of  Living 1 054 

Strikes  and  Lockouts 1 056 

Publications  Recently  Received  in  Department's  Library 1 057 

Labour  Statistics  1062 


Subscriptions — Canada:  $1.50  per  year,  single  copies  25  cents  each,  students,  $1  per  year; 
all  other  countries:  $3  per  year,  single  copies  25  cents  each;  special  offer  to  trade  unionists: 
5  or  more  annual  subscriptions,  50  cents  per  subscription.  Send  remittance  by  cheque, 
postal  note  or  money  order,  payable  to  Receiver-General  of  Canada,  to  Circulation  Manager, 
Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa.  All  subscriptions  payable  in  advance.  Bound  Volumes — 
available  at  $5  per  copy  (delivered  in  Canada)  and  $7  per  copy  (other  countries).  Change 
of  Address — please  give  both  old  and  new  addresses. 


THE  LABOUR  GAZETTE 

Official  Journal  of  the  Department  of  Labour,  Canada 

Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  A.  H.  Brown,  Deputy  Minister 


Published  Monthly  in 
English     and     French 

Editorial  Staff 

Editor 

Harry  J.  Walker 

Assistant  Editor 

W.  S.  Drinkwater 

Editor,  French  Edition 

Guy  de  Merlis 

Circulation  Manager 

C.  E.  St.  George 


Vol.  LI! I,  No.  8  CONTENTS  AUGUST  1953 

Current  Manpower  and  Labour  Relations  Review 1099 

Notes  of  Current  Interest 1115 

Labour  Day  Messages 1 125 

Two  Systems  ot  Forced  Labour  Found  to  Exist  in  World 1 131 

Job  Counselling  for  Older  Workers 1 137 

Causes  of  Industrial  Peace: 

1 0— "Scanlon  Plan"  Helps  Maintain  Harmonious  Relationship  1 1 38 

11— Mature,  Productive  Relationship  Follows  Long  Unrest.  1141 

Two  States  Enact  Laws  to  Curb  Waterfront  Racketeering 1143 

International  Labour  Organization: 

36th  General  Conference  Approves  Two  Recommendations.  1145 

122nd  Session  of  Governing  Body  1151 

Teamwork  in  Industry 1 1 53 

Industrial  Relations  and  Conciliation: 

Proceedings  before  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 1 154 

Conciliation  Proceedings  before  Minister  of  Labour 1155 

Collective  Agreements  and  Wage  Schedules: 

Recent  Collective  Agreements 1 1 60 

Collective  Agreement  Act,  Quebec 1 165 

Industrial  Standards  Acts,  etc 1 168 

Labour  Law: 

Legal  Decisions  Affecting  Labour 1 170 

Recent  Regulations,  Federal  and  Provincial 1179 

Unemployment  Insurance: 

Monthly  Report  on  Operations 1 193 

Decisions  of  the  Umpire 1 1 94 

Labour  Conditions  in  Federal  Government  Contracts 1 196 

Prices  and  the  Cost  of  Living . 1 1 99 

Strikes  and  Lockouts 1201 

Publications  Recently  Received  in  Department's  Library 1202 

Labour  Statistics  1 206 


Subscriptions— Canada:  $1.50  per  year,  single  copies  25  cents  each,  students,  $1  per  vear; 
all  other  countries:  $3  per  year,  single  copies  25  cents  each:  special  offer  to  trade  unionists: 
5  or  more  annual  subscriptions,  50  cents  per  subscription.  Send  remittance  by  cheque, 
postal  note  or  money  order,  payable  to  Receiver-General  of  Canada,  to  Circulation  Manager, 
Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa.  All  subscriptions  payable  in  advance.  Bound  Volumes  - 
available  at  $5  per  copy  (delivered  in  Canada)  and  $7  per  copy  (other  countries).  Change 
of  Address — please  give  both  old  and  new  addresses. 


THE 


LABOUR 
GAZETTE 


AUGUST 
VOL.  Llll 


1953 
No.  8 


IN  THIS  ISSUE: 

Labour  Day  Messages 

Forced  Labour 
Found  to  Exist 

Job  Counselling 
for  Older  Workers 

Causes  of  Industrial 
Peace,  Studies  10  and  11 

36th    General  Conference 

of  ILO  Approves 

Two  Recommendations 


Published  Monthly        .    p.    , 

DEPARTMENT  53 
OF   LABOUR     .6vJ 


THE  LABOUR  GAZETTE 

Official  Journal  of  the  Department  of  Labour,  Canada 

Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  A.  H.  Brown,  Deputy  Minister 


Published  Monthly  in 
English     and     French 


Editorial  Staff 

Editor 

Harry  J.  Walker 


Assistant  Editor 

W.  S.  Drinkwater 

Editor,  French  Edition 

Guy  de  Merlis 

Circulation  Manager 

C.  E.  St.  George 


Vol.  Llll,  No.  9  CONTENTS  SEPTEMBER  1953 

Current  Manpower  and  Labour  Relations  Review 1241 

Notes  ot  Current  Interest 1 257 

Guaranteed  Wage  Plans  in  Collective  Agreements 1269 

68th  Annual  Convention  of  the  Trades  and  Labour  Congress. .  1273 

Number  of  Workers  Affected  by  Collective  Agreements 1294 

Fatal  Industrial  Accidents  during  First  Quarter,  1953 1301 

Immigration  Target  Charted 1302 

Factory  Inspection  in  the  United  Kingdom 1 304 

Teamwork  in  Industry 1313 

Industrial  Relations  and  Conciliation: 

Proceedings  before  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 1314 

Conciliation  Proceedings  before  Minister  of  Labour 1314 

Collective  Agreements  and  Wage  Schedules: 

Recent  Collective  Agreements 1322 

Collective  Agreement  Act,  Quebec 1326 

Labour  Law: 

Labour  Legislation  in  Manitoba,  1953 1330 

Legal  Decisions  Affecting  Labour 1336 

Recent  Regulations,  Federal  and  Provincial 1342 

Unemployment  Insurance: 

Monthly  Report  on  Operations 1351 

Decisions  of  the  Umpire 1 352 

Labour  Conditions  in  Federal  Government  Contracts 1355 

Prices  and  the  Cost  of  Living 1358 

Strikes  and  Lockouts 1361 

Publications  Recently  Received  in  Department's  Library 1362 

Labour  Statistics  1 366 


Subscriptions— Canada:  $1.50  per  year,  single  copies  25  cents  each,  students,  $1  per  year; 
all  other  countries:  $3  per  year,  single  copies  25  cents  each;  special  offer  to  trade  unionists: 
5  or  more  annual  subscriptions,  50  cents  per  subscription.  Send  remittance  by  cheque, 
postal  note  or  money  order,  payable  to  Receiver-General  of  Canada,  to  Circulation  Manager^ 
Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa.  All  subscriptions  payable  in  advance.  Bound  Volumes — 
available  at  $5  per  copy  (delivered  in  Canada)  and  $7  per  copy  (other  countries).  Change 
of  Address — please  give  both  old  and  new  addresses. 


THE 


LABOUR 
GAZETTE 


SEPTEMBER  1953 
VOL.  LI  1 1  No.  9 


IN  THIS  ISSUE: 

Guaranteed  Wage  Plans 
in  Collective  Agreements 

68th  Annual  Convention 

of  Trades  and  Labour 

Congress 

Number  of  Workers 

Affected  by 

Collective  Agreements 

Labour  Legislation 
in  Manitoba,  1953 


Published  Monthly 
by  the 

DEPARTMENT 
OF   LABOUR 

OTTAWA 


' 


Toward  removal  of 


^ii^>tM4U41^Z^^n^ 


in  employmen 


The  federal  government  has  recently  introduced  three 
measures  intended  to  sofeqaord  the  right  of  equality 
of  opportunity  in  employment 

The  CANAOA  FAIR  EMPLOYMENT  PRACTICED 
ACT.  which  come  into  effect  on  July  I.  1953.  is  desic 
"to  prevent  end  eliminate  practices  of  discrimination 
against  persons  m  regard  to  employment  and  in  rega/d 
to  membership  in  a  frode  union  because  of  race,  notioot 
origin,  colour  or  religion 

It  opoties  to  employers  engaged  in  undertakings  under 
fede  at  jumdicton  end  to  unions  representing  persons 
employed  in  such  under  takings 

The  UNEMPLOYMENT  INSURANCE  ACT  was 
omended  in  July.  1952.  to  provide  that  the  National 
Employment  Service  Shalt  ensure  that  there  is  no 
discrimination  in  referring  workers  to  |obs 

PEOERAl  GOVERNMENT  CONTRACTS   (or  wot 
of  construction,  repair,  remodelling  ond  demolition, 
and  for  the  manufacture  of  equipment  and  supplies 
must  no*,  by  on  Order  m  Council  of  Octaber.  1952 
inctade  a  provision  prohibiting  discriminotten  in 
employment  by  the  contractor 


FEDERAL  DEPARTMENT  OF  LABQ 


Display  board  explaining  federal  government  moves  aime 
at  the  removal  of  discrimination  in  employment  that  was  pre! 
duced   for  the   Department  of  Labour  for  exhibit  at  labot 
conventions.  A  similar  board  in  the  French  language  has  als 

been    prepared.  Photoby  Capital  Prest  Servi.1 


THE  LABOUR  GAZETTE 

Official  Journal  of  the  Department  of  Labour,  Canada 

Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  A.  H.  Brown,  Deputy  Minister 


Published  Monthly  in 
English    and     French 

Editorial  Staff 

Editor 

Harry  J.  Walker 

Assistant  Editor 

W.  S.  Drinkwater 

Editor,  French  Edition 

Guy  de  Merlis 

Circulation  Manager 

C.  E.  St.  George 


Vol.  LIU,  No.  10                 CONTENTS                      October  1953 

Current  Manpower  and  Labour  Relations  Review 1 405 

Notes  of  Current  Interest 1421 

Effects  of  Plant  Expansion  on  Employment,  1948-53 1431 

13th  Annual  Convention  of  Canadian  Congress  of  Labour. . .  1434 

32nd  Convention  of  C.  and  C.  C.  of  Labour 1458 

International  Labour  Organization: 

ILO  Defines  Functions  of  National  Labour  Department. ...  1471 

Teamwork  in  Industry 1 472 

Industrial  Relations  and  Conciliation: 

Proceedings  before  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 1473 

Conciliation  Proceedings  before  Minister  of  Labour 1475 

Canadian  Railway  Board  of  Adjustment  No.  1 1494 

Collective  Agreements  and  Wage  Schedules: 

Recent  Collective  Agreements 1498 

Collective  Agreement  Act,  Quebec 1502 

Industrial  Standards  Acts,  etc 1506 

Labour  Law: 

Legislation  Enacted  by  21st  Parliament,  7th  Session 1508 

Legal  Decisions  Affecting  Labour 1515 

Recent  Regulations  under  Provincial  Legislation 1519 

Unemployment  Insurance: 

Monthly  Report  on  Operations 1521 

Decisions  of  the  Umpire 1 522 

Labour  Conditions  in  Federal  Government  Contracts 1525 

Wages,  Hours  and  Working  Conditions: 

Plant  Employees'  Working  Conditions  in  Manufacturing..  1529 

Prices  and  the  Cost  of  Living 1 533 

Strikes  and  Lockouts 1537 

Publications  Recently  Received  in  Department's  Library 1 538 

Labour   Statistics 1545 


Subscriptions— Canada:  $1.50  per  year,  single  copies  25  cents  each,  students,  $1  per  year; 
all  other  countries:  $3  per  year,  single  copies  25  cents  each;  special  offer  to  trade  unionists: 
5  or  more  annual  subscriptions,  50  cents  per  subscription.  Send  remittance  by  cheque, 
postal  note  or  money  order,  payable  to  Receiver-General  of  Canada,  to  Circulation  Manager, 
Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa.  All  subscriptions  payable  in  advance.  Bound  Volumes — 
available  at  $5  per  copy  (delivered  in  Canada)  and  $7  per  copy  (other  countries).  Change 
of  Address — please  give  both  old  and  new  addresses. 


THE 


LABOUR 
GAZETTE 


OCTOBER        1953 
VOL.  Llll  No.  10 


IN  THIS  ISSUE: 

Effects  of  Plant  Expansion 
on  Employment,  1948-53 

Annual  Conventions  of 
the  Canadian  Congress 

of  Labour, 

Canadian  and  Catholic 

Confederation  of  Labour 

Legislation  Enacted  by 
Parliament  at  7th  Session 

Plant  Employees' 

Working  Conditions, 

Manufacturing  Industry 


Published  Monthly 
he 


by  (he 


DEPARTMENT 
OF   LABOUR 

OTTAWA 


THE  LABOUR  GAZETTE 

Official  Journal  of  the  Department  of  Labour,  Canada 

Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  A.  H.  Brown,  Deputy  Minister 


Published  Monthly  in 
English     and     French 

Editorial  Staff 

Editor 

Harry  J.  Walker 

Assistant  Editor 

W.  S.  Drinkwater 

Editor,  French  Edition 

Guy  de  Merlis 

Circulation  Manager 

C.  E.  St.  George 


Vol.  LIN,  No.  11  CONTENTS  NOVEMBER  1953 

Current  Manpower  and  Labour  Relations  Review 1579 

Notes  ot  Current  Interest 1595 

Apprenticeship  Training  Advisory  Committee  Meets 1608 

Fatal  Industrial  Accidents  in  Canada,  2nd  Quarter 1609 

41st  Annual  Convention  of  N.B.  Federation  of  Labour 161 1 

1st  Annual  Convention  of  B.C.  Trade  Union  Congress 1616 

72nd  Annual  Convention  of  American  Federation  of  Labour. .  1617 

35th  Annual  British  Trades  Union  Congress 1620 

International  Labour  Organization: 

ILO's  Third  Asian   Regional  Conference 1624 

Teamwork  in  Industry 1 626 

Industrial  Relations  and  Conciliation: 

Proceedings  before  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 1627 

Conciliation  Proceedings  before  Minister  of  Labour 1628 

Collective  Agreements  and  Wage  Schedules: 

Recent  Collective  Agreements 1631 

Collective   Agreement  Act,   Quebec 1635 

Labour  Law: 

Labour  Legislation  in  1953  in  N.B.,  Ont.,  and  Sask 1638 

Recent  Regulations,  Federal  and  Provincial 1653 

Unemployment  Insurance: 

Monthly  Report  on  Operations 1658 

Decisions  of  the   Umpire 1 659 

Labour  Conditions  in  Federal  Government  Contracts 1661 

Wages,  Hours  and  Working  Conditions: 

Office  Employees'  Working  Conditions  in  Manufacturing..  1665 

Prices  and  the  Cost  of  Living 1 668 

Strikes  and  Lockouts 1 670 

Publications  Recently  Received  in  Department's  Library 1671 

Labour   Statistics    1 677 


Subscriptions — Canada:  $1.50  per  year,  single  copies  25  cents  each,  students,  $1  per  year; 
all  other  countries:  $3  per  year,  single  copies  25  cents  each;  special  offer  to  trade  unionists: 
5  or  more  annual  subscriptions,  50  cents  per  subscription.  Send  remittance  by  cheque, 
postal  note  or  money  order,  payable  to  Receiver-General  of  Canada,  to  Circulation  Manager, 
Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa.  All  subscriptions  payable  in  advance.  Bound  Volumes — 
available  at  $5  per  copy  (delivered  in  Canada)  and  $7  per  copy  (other  countries).  Change 
of  Address — please  give  both  old  and  new  addresses. 


THE 


LABOUR 
GAZETTE 


%/?s,rvon# 


NOVEMBER    1953 
VOL.  LI  1 1  No.  11 


IN  THIS  ISSUE: 

Fatal  Industrial 
Accidents  during 
Second  Quarter 

Annual  Conventions  of 
N.B.  Federation  of  Labour, 
B.C.  Trade  Union  Congress, 

American  Federation  of 

Labour  and  British  Trades 

Union  Congress 

Office  Employees' 

Working  Conditions, 

Manufacturing  Industry 


Published  Monthly 
by  the 

DEPARTMENT 
OF   LABOUR 

OTTAWA 


THE  LABOUR  GAZETTE 

Official  Journal  of  the  Department  of  Labour,  Canada 

Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  A.  H.  Brown,  Deputy  Minister 


Published  Monthly  in 
English    and     French 


Editorial  Staff 

Editor 

Harry  J.  Walker 

Assistant  Editor 

W.  S.  Drinkwater 

Editor,  French  Edition 

Guy  de  Merlis 

Circulation  Manager 

C.  E.  St.  George 


Vol.  Llll,  No.  12 


CONTENTS 


DECEMBER  1953 


Current  Manpower  and  Labour  Relations  Review 1715 

Notes   of   Current   Interest 1731 

Extracts  from  Hansard  of  Interest  to  Labour 1741 

Advisory  Committee   on  Rehabilitation  of   Disabled 1746 

Vocational  Training  Advisory  Council  Meeting 1749 

Chamber  of  Commerce  Presents  Annual  Brief  to  Cabinet. . .  1753 
Annual  Conventions: 

Industrial  Federation  of  Labour  of  Alberta  (CCL) 1755 

New  Brunswick  Council  of  Labour  (CCL) 1755 

Saskatchewan  Provincial  Federation  of  Labour  (TLC) —  1756 

New  Year's  Messages 1757 

International  Labour  Organization: 

Building,  Civil  Engineering  and  Public  Works  Committee.  1764 

Teamwork  in  Industry 1 767 

Industrial  Relations  and  Conciliation: 

Proceedings  before  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 1768 

Conciliation  Proceedings  before  Minister  of  Labour 1770 

Canadian  Railway  Board  of  Adjustment  No.  1 1790 

Collective  Agreements  and  Wage  Schedules: 

Recent  Collective  Agreements 1792 

Collective  Agreement  Act,  Quebec 1797 

Labour  Law: 

Labour  Legislation  in  Alta.,  Nfld.,  N.S.  and  P.E.I,  in  1953.  1799 

Legal  Decisions  Affecting  Labour 1808 

Recent  Regulations,  Federal  and  Provincial 1814 

Unemployment  Insurance: 

Report  of  Unemployment  Insurance  Advisory  Committee.  1819 

Monthly  Report  on  Operations 1821 

Decisions  of  the  Umpire 1 822 

Labour  Conditions  in  Federal  Government  Contracts 1825 

Prices  and  the  Cost  of  Living 1 829 

Strikes  and  Lockouts 1831 

Publications  Recently  Received  in  Department's  Library 1832 

Labour  Statistics  1 835 


Subscriptions— Canada:  $1.50  per  year,  single  copies  25  cents  each,  students,  $1  per  year; 
all  other  countries:  $3  per  year,  single  copies  25  cents  each;  special  offer  to  trade  unionists: 
5  or  more  annual  subscriptions,  50  cents  per  subscription.  Send  remittance  by  cheque, 
postal  note  or  money  order,  payable  to  Receiver-General  of  Canada,  to  Circulation  Manager, 
Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa.  All  subscriptions  payable  in  advance.  Bound  Volumes — 
available  at  $5  per  copy  (delivered  in  Canada)  and  $7  per  copy  (other  countries).  Change 
of  Address — please  give  both  old  and  new  addresses. 


THE 


LABOUR 
GAZETTE 


DECEMBER    1953 
VOL.  LI  1 1  No.  12 


IN  THIS  ISSUE: 

Advisory  Committee  on 
Rehabilitation  of  Disabled 

Vocational  Training 
Advisory  Committee 

Chamber  of  Commerce 
Brief  to  Cabinet 

1953  Report  of  the 

Unemployment  Insurance 

Advisory  Committee 

New  Year's  Messages 


BR. 


Published  Monthly 
byllij 

7  OF  "TO* 
DEPARTMENT 

OF   LABOUR 

OTTAWA 


CURRENT  JULY,5',9S3 

REVIEW 

Economics  and  Research   Branch,   Canadian  Department  of  Labour 

Current  Manpower  Situation 

THE  usual  yearly  influx  of  students  into  the  labour  market  occurred 
in  June.  This  increase  in  labour  supplies  was  more  than  matched 
by  the  further  expansion  of  seasonal  employment  activities  and  hiring 
by  employers  to  replace  an  increasing  number  of  workers  on  vacation. 
The  expansion  of  construction  work  continued  to  maintain  employment 
levels  in  that  industry  well  above  last  year's  levels.  By  the  first  of 
July,  work  on  most  construction  projects  in  the  country  was  nearing 
peak  seasonal  levels. 

The  demand  for  labour  continued  to  be  more  evenly  distributed  than 
last  year;  85  local  labour  markets  out  of  a  total  of  115  in  were  approxi- 
mate balance  by  the  first  of  July,  compared  with  80  at  the  beginning 
of  June  and  only  75  at  July  1,  1952.  At  the  same  date  last  year,  26 
local  areas  had  labour  surpluses  and  15  labour  shortages,  compared 
with  only  22  and  8  respectively  this  year. 

The  monthly  Labour  Force  Survey,  which  provides  an  over-all  pic- 
ture of  current  manpower  utilization  patterns,  estimates  that  for  the 
week  ending  June  20,  1953,  there  were  5,387,000  persons  in  the  civilian 
labour  force,  an  increase  of  66,000  from  the  week  ending  May  16.  Of 
this  total,  4,888,000  were  at  work  for  35  hours  or  more  during  the  week, 
an  increase  of  168,000  from  May  16;  284,000  were  at  work  for  fewer 
than  35  hours,  a  decrease  of  104,000;  and  125,000  had  jobs  but  were 
not  at  work,  an  increase  of  26,000. 

The  number  of  persons  without  jobs  and  seeking  work  dropped  to 
90,000,  a  decrease  of  24,000  or  21  per  cent  during  the  month.  This, 
together  with  the  expansion  in  the  size  of  the  labour  force  noted  above, 
accounts  for  the  monthly  increase  of  90,000  in  the  number  of  persons 
with  jobs,  which  reached  a  total  of  5,297,000  by  June  20. 

Of  the  284,000  persons  who  were  working  fewer  than  35  hours 
during  the  week,  about  195,000  were  reported  as  usually  working  part 
time.  The  remaining  89,000  represented  a  considerable  drop  from  the 
previous  month  because  the  observance  of  a  religious  holiday  in  May 
had  reduced  total  working  hours  for  59,000  workers. 

Of  the  120,000  persons  who  had  jobs  but  did  not  work  at  all  during 
the   survey  week,   illness   (48,000)  was  an  important  factor  contributing 


A       Monthly       Labour        Gazette      Feature 

967 


CURRENT    LABOUR    TRENDS 


THOUSANDS 


CENTS  PI 

140 
130 

120 
110 
100 


I9D1 

♦r*"* 

w**& 

1952 

1  Averages 

AVERAGE  HOURLY  EARNINGS 

!,.» J...., 

<          1.        1 i:  ■..•■■•' i-...    <       ■■■<•          I 

AVERAGE  HOURS  WORKED 

munufa.  taring 

H     1953 

„.'^ 

£?-$£      '    1952   N- 

►*►•• 

• 

/ 
/ 
/ 

jAveragesl 

i          1        j       ..-».-.     .-.«.':.. 

ER  WEEK 
44 
43 

42 
41 
40 


120 


1952 


CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX 


INDEX 


INDUSTRIAL  PRODUCTION 

1935-39      KM) 


1953 


^mm 


r^H1952- 


S  '  FMAMJJASONDJ 


S^JFMAMJJASONDJ 


to  their  absence,  although  the  figure  decreased  by  6,000  from  the  pre- 
vious month.  About  50,000  persons  were  away  because  of  vacations, 
this  total  being  30,000  higher  than  at  May   16. 

It  was  estimated  that  90,000  persons  were  without  jobs  and  seeking 
work  during  the  survey  week.  Another  11,000  worked  part  of  the  survey 
week  but  were  also  actively  seeking  other  work,  making  a  total  of 
101,000  persons  actively  seeking  work  during  the  week  ending  June  20. 
This  is  a  drop  of  about  23,000  from  May  16,  and  of  75,000  during  the 
last  two  months. 

Supplementary  information  with  respect  to  regional  labour  market 
patterns  is  available  from  data  on  registrations  for  employment  collected 
at  local  National  Employment  Service  offices.  At  June  18,  applications 
on  file  totalled  179,282,  a  drop  of  62,722  or  more  than  25  per  cent  from 
the  previous  month.  Once  again,  the  Quebec  and  Atlantic  regions  showed 
the  greatest  decreases,  with  monthly  declines  of  29,067  and  12,532 
applicants  respectively. 

The  Quebec  total  of  63,051  at  June  18  was  slightly  below  the  figure 
a  year  earlier,  while  that  for  the  Atlantic  region  (25,877)  was  still 
moderately  higher  than  last  year's.  In  the  Ontario  region,  there  was 
a  smaller  decline  of  5,147  in  applications  for  employment  but  the  total 
at  June  18  (48,151)  was  still  well  below  last  year's,  when  there  were 
more  than   59,500  applications  on  hand  at  local  offices. 

The  figure  for  the  Prairie  region  dropped  by  9,500  during  the  month 
to  a  total  of  19,064  on  June  18.  This  was  slightly  higher  than  last  year. 
In  the  Pacific  region,  applications  on  file  at  June  18  totalled  23,139, 
a  decrease  of  6,400  from  May  14  and  6,241  from  the  same  date  in  1952. 
The  latter  figure  does  not  permit  a  valid  year-to-year  comparison,  how- 
ever, since  there  were  a  good  many  construction  and  forestry  workers 
on  strike  during  June,   1952. 

While  labour  surpluses  declined  steadily  in  most  regions,  a  few 
areas,  mainly  in  Eastern  Canada,  still  reported  an  excess  of  supply 
over  demand  at  the  end  of  June.  In  most  of  the  smaller  areas  affected, 
the  main  factors  contributing  to  this  situation  v.  ere  fewer  job  oppor- 
tunities this  year  in  the  primary  industries  and  construction.  In  the 
larger  centres,  on  the  other  hand,  lay-offs  in  the  primary  textiles  and 
aircraft  industries  added  to  the  available  labour  supply.  A  lay-off  of 
about   1,200  men  also  occurred  in  a  coal  mining  centre  in  Cape  Breton. 

Employment  levels  in  the  industrial  areas  of  Canada,  particularly 
in  Ontario,  continued  to  exceed  last  year's  levels.  The  production  of 
durable  goods  in  May  was  nearly  15  per  cent  higher  than  last  year  and 
the  output  of  non-durables  about  eight  per  cent  higher.  During  the  same 
month,  the  number  of  dwelling  units  begun  was  about  40  per  cent  higher 
than  last  year  and  the  number  of  units  actually  under  construction  at 
June  1,  1953,  about  34  per  cent  higher.  The  output  of  items  such  as 
automobiles  and  television  and  radio  sets  has  been  considerably  higher 
than  last  year.  This  high  production  level  is  reflected  in  retail  sales 
which,  for  the  first  five  months  of  1953,  were  nearly  seven  per  cent 
higher  than  last  year.  Sales  of  appliances  were  more  than  20  per  cent 
higher  and  of  automobiles  nearly  15  per  cent  higher.  To  date,  therefore, 
demand  has  generally  kept  pace  with  rising  output  which,  in  turn,  has 
resulted  in  increased  over-all  employment. 

969 


Labour— Management  Relations 

»Y  early  summer,  the  industrial  relations  picture  for  1953  was  be- 
coming clearer.  In  many  of  the  most  significant  bargaining  situ- 
ations, settlements  had  been  reached  or  negotiations  were  well  under 
way.  Wage  increases  were  generally  smaller  this  year  than  in  1952  but 
the  trend  towards  improvements  in  such  'fringe*  items  as  hours,  vacations 
and  pension  and  welfare  plans  continued.  Many  of  the  wage  settlements 
gave  special  consideration  to  skilled  workers  by  increasing  pay  differ- 
entials which  had  tended  to  narrow  on  a  percentage  basis  as  a  result  of 
flat  across-the-board  increases  common  during  the  recent  period  of  a 
rising   cost    of  living. 

The  continued  trend  towards  shorter  hours  is  reflected  in  the  Eco- 
nomics and  Research  Branch's  survey  of  working  conditions  in  Canadian 
industry  as  of  April  1,  1953.  Preliminary  returns  for  the  manufacturing 
industries,  covering  almost  800,000  plant  workers  in  6,100  establish- 
ments, indicate  that  about  42  per  cent  are  now  on  a  40-hour  standard 
work  week.  About  78  per  cent  of  the  plant  workers  surveyed  are  on  a 
5-day  week.  Of  180,000  office  employees  covered  in  preliminary  returns, 
84  per  cent  are  on  a  5-day  week  and  about  half  are  on  a  standard  week 
of  37/i  hours   or  less. 

Negotiations  for  1953  were  accompanied  by  a  minimum  of  strike 
activity,  time  loss  so  far  this  year  being  considerably  below  the  post- 
war average. 

Current  Negotiations,  Although  agreements  in  Canada's  basic  steel 
industry  remain  in  effect  until  next  year,  they  provide  for  re-opening 
negotiations  on  wages  this  year.  Accordingly,  bargaining  over  wage 
rates  began  in  the  latter  part  of  June  between  the  United  Steelworkers 
of  America  (CIO-CCL)  and  two  companies,  the  Steel  Company  of  Canada 
Limited  at  Hamilton  and  the  Algoma  Steel  Corporation  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie. 
An  8%-cent-an-hour  increase  was  negotiated  in  the  United  States  this 
year  under  a  similar  wage  re-opening  arrangement. 

Negotiations  for  new  work  contracts  in  sections  of  the  pulp  and 
paper  industry  were  resumed  in  June  (L.G.,  May,  p.  644).  Ontario  news- 
print and  pulp  mills  failed  to  reach  agreement  after  several  meetings 
with  11  AFL-TLC  unions  including  the  International  Brotherhood  of 
Pulp,  Sulphite  and  Paper  Mill  Workers  and  the  International  Brotherhood 
of  Paper  Makers.  The  dispute  centered  on  wages,  the  unions  seeking  a 
five-per-cent  increase  for  the  15,000  workers  covered  and  the  companies 
proposing  a  three-per-cent  reduction.  A  conciliation  board  has  been 
requested. 

In  Quebec,  two  newsprint  companies  signed  new  agreements  with 
the  National  Federation  of  Pulp  and  Paper  Workers  (CCCL).  New  one- 
year  agreements  covering  employees  of  the  Consolidated  Paper  Corpo- 
ration at  Port  Alfred,  Grand 'Mere  and  Shawinigan  Falls  provide  for  a 
general  wage  increase  of  12  per  cent,  setting  a  base  rate  of  $1.41,  as 
well  as  a  40-hour  week  and  increased  shift  differentials.  Price  Bros,  and 
Co.  Limited  also  signed  a  new  work  contract  for  its  Kenogami  and  Iliver- 
bend   mills.   The   basic  rate   was    increased   to  $1.38  and  the  work  week 

970 


reduced  from  48  to  44  hours,  effective  immediately.  At  the  request  of 
the  union,  the  work  week  can  be  further  reduced  to  40  hours  with  a 
$1.41  basic  rate  between  August   1  and   November  1  of  this  year. 

Negotiations  are  also  reported  to  be  in  progress  between  the  In- 
ternational Brotherhood  of  Pulp,  Sulphite  and  Paper  Mill  Workers  and 
the  International  Brotherhood  of  Paper  Makers  and  pulp  and  paper  mills 
in  British  Columbia  employing  about  5,500  workers. 

A  one-year  agreement  was  reached  between  the  Coal  Operators' 
Association  of  Western  Canada  and  District  18 of  the  United  Mine  Workers 
of  America  (CCL),  following  several  months  of  bargaining  and  concilia- 
tion. Applying  to  more  than  6,000  miners  employed  by  19  companies,  the 
agreement  is  similar  to  that  recommended  by  a  conciliation  board,  al- 
though some  of  the  recommended  changes  in  the  vacation  plan  are  not 
incorporated  in  the  new  contract.  A  wage  increase  is  not  provided  but 
employer  payments  to  the  welfare  fund  are  to  be  increased  by  five  cents 
per  ton  of  coal  mined. 

In  Nova  Scotia,  the  other  major  coal  mining  area,  agreement  had 
not  yet  been  reached  between  the  Dominion  Coal  Company  and  District 
26  of  United  Mine  Workers  of  America.  In  a  vote  July  7,  the  workers 
turned  down  a  conciliation  board  report  which  recommended  that  both 
parties    drop  their  demands  and  renew  last  year's  contract. 

In  the  automobile  industry,  the  settlement  at  Ford  Motor  Company 
of  Canada  was  reported  last  month  (L.G.,  June,  p.  798).  Since  that 
time,  the  United  Automobile  Workers  (CIO-CCL)  reached  agreement 
with  the  Chrysler  Corporation  of  Canada  Ltd.  for  a  6-cent  across-the- 
board  increase  for  6,000  employees  at  Windsor  and  Chatham.  Subject 
to  ratification  by  the  union  members,  agreement  was  reached  between 
General  Motors  of  Canada  Limited  and  its  subsidiaries  and  the  United 
Automobile  Workers  on  revisions  to  their  five-year  contracts  covering  a 
total  of  approximately  20,000  workers.  These  include  General  Motors 
employees  at  Oshawa  and  Windsor,  workers  at  the  McKinnon  Industries 
in  St.  Catharines,  at  Frigidaire  Products  In  Toronto  and  at  the  General 
Motors  Diesel  plant  in  London.  Particulars  of  this  development  were 
not  available  at  the  time  of  writing.  Some  800  office  workers  at  Ford 
Motor  Company  of  Canada  in  Windsor,  represented  by  local  240  of  the 
union,  also  had  their  salaries  revised.  The  new  wage  structure  represents 
an  increase   of  about  $10.40  a  month  for  each  employee. 

Negotiations  have  been  in  progress  for  some  time  in  important 
areas  of  the  metal-mining  industry.  In  Northern  Ontario  and  Quebec,  the 
United  Steelworkers  of  America  (CIO-CCL)  are  still  in  negotiation  with 
two  of  the  largest  mines.  At  Timmins,  Ont.,  bargaining  and  conciliation 
of  Mclntyre  Porcupine  Mines  Limited  so  far  failed  to  produce  a  settle- 
ment. A  board  of  conciliation  recommended  an  increase  of  seven  cents 
an  hour,  check-off  of  union  dues  and  other  benefits.  WTien  this  was  re- 
jected by  the  company  the  union  members  voted  in  favour  of  strike  action. 
The  main  item  of  dispute  there  appears  to  be  union  security,  which  the 
union  has  been  seeking  for  some  time.  Differences  between  the  same 
union  and  Noranda  Mines  in  Quebec  are  being  dealt  with  by  a  board 
of  conciliation.  Negotiations  have  also  been   in  progress  for  some  time 

971 


in   several   of  the   smaller   mines    in   the   Timmins   area.   During  mid-July 
work  stoppages  occurred  at  four  mines. 

A  conciliation  board  is  dealing  with  a  dispute  between  the  Con- 
solidated Mining  and  Smelting  Company  and  Trail,  Kimberley  and  Calgary 
locals  of  the  International  Union  of  Mine,  Mill  and  Smelter  Workers 
(independent).   The  pension  plan  is   the  major  item  still  unsettled. 

Contract  negotiations  were  in  progress  or  will  begin  shortly  in 
several  large  Quebec  and  Ontario  textile  firms.  The  United  Textile 
Workers  of  America  (AFL-TLC)  took  advantage  of  the  re-opening  pro- 
vision in  its  two-year  agreements  with  Dominion  Textile  Limited  of 
Montreal  and  Montreal  Cottons  Limited  of  Valleyfield,  on  the  question 
of  wages.  The  union  requested  a  10-cent-an-hour  wage  increase;  the 
companies  proposed  a  5-cent-an-hour  decrease.  In  Ontario,  the  Textile 
Workers  Union  of  America  (CIO-CCL)  reached  an  agreement  with  Cour- 
tauld's,  Cornwall,  for  a  5%-cent  wage  increase  plus  incorporation  of  a 
14/4-cent  cost-of-living  bonus  into  wage  rates.  The  same  union  is  ne- 
gotiating at  the  mills  of  the  Monarch  Knitting  Company  in  Toronto, 
Dunnville  and  St.  Catharines  and  bargaining  is  expected  to  begin  soon 
at  Canadian  Cottons  Limited  in  Cornwall  and  Hamilton.  Agreements  were 
recently  re-negotiated  in  a  number  of  the  smaller  textile  plants  in  Quebec 
and  Ontario.  In  many  others,  bargaining  will  begin  shortly. 

In  addition  to  settlements  reported  in  this  Review  over  the  last 
two  months,  further  agreements  were  reached  in  many  areas  across 
Canada  for  the  building  trades.  Wage  increases  for  the  most  part  ranged 
from  five  to  twelve  cents  an  hour.  Important  bargaining  in  this  industry 
is  continuing,  particularly  in  the  Maritimes  and  in  Alberta.  The  Toronto 
Builders'  Exchange  settled  with  the  carpenters  and  electricians,  pro- 
viding increases   of   10  and   12  cents   an  hour  respectively. 

A  wage  increase  of  five  cents  an  houry  plus  incorporation  into 
basic  rates  of  nine  cents  of  a  cost-of-living  bonus,  was  unanimously 
recommended  by  a  conciliation  board  in  the  dispute  between  the  Inter- 
national Woodworkers  of  America  (CIO-CCL)  and  Forest  Industrial 
Relations  Limited,  representing  British  Columbia  coastal  logging  oper- 
ators.  Some   32,000  B.C.    lumber  workers   are  affected. 

Agreement  was  reached  between  the  Canadian  Merchant  Service 
Guild  and  several  west  coast  shipping  firms  operating  in  British  Col- 
umbia. The  two-year  agreement  provides  a  6-per-cent  wage  increase,  a 
type  of  'Rand  Formula*  and  other  benefits.  Wage  rate  negotiations  may 
be  re-opened  after  one  year.  Three  boards  of  conciliation  dealing  with 
differences  between  the  Canadian  National  Newfoundland  Steamship 
Service,  the  Canadian  Brotherhood  of  Railway  Employees  and  Other 
Transport  Workers  (CCL)  and  the  Canadian  Merchant  Service  Guild 
reported.  The  major  recommendations  are  a  5-per-cent  wage  increase 
effective     January    1,     1953,    and    certain    changes    in    stand-by  wages. 

In  tne  hotel  industry,  a  significant  agreement  was  reached  between 
31  Vancouver  hotels  and  the  Hotel  and  Restaurant  Employees'  and 
Bartenders'  International  Union  (AFL-TLC),  providing  for  a  40-hour 
week  and  other  benefits.  Negotiations  for  a  40-hour  week  and  other 
matters  were  also  in  progress  between  the  Canadian  Brotherhood  of 
Railway  Employees  and  Other  Transport  Workers  and  the  Lotel  Vancouver. 
Bargaining  between  the  same  union  and  other  railway  hotels  across  the 
country  is  also  beginning. 

972 


Manpower  Situation  in  Local  Areas 


LABOUR  surpluses  in  local 
areas  continued  to  decline 
during  June  as  labour  requirements 
in  such  seasonal  activities  as 
construction  continued  to  increase. 
The  seasonal  increase  in  activity, 
though  not  as  great  as  that  which 
occurred  in  the  previous  month, 
was  large  enough  to  produce  a 
substantial  change  in  labour  market 
classifications.  By  the  beginning 
of  July,  labour  surplus  areas  had 
decreased  to  22  from  28  a  month 
earlier,  areas  of  balanced  labour 
supply  and  demand  had  increased 
from  80  to  85  and  areas  of  labour 
shortage  from  four  to  eight. 


CANADA 

Proportion     of    paid    workers     within    each 
of    tho    four    labour    market    groups. 


Par  C*nt 


July     1   

■..'•:  .Y.".-         •••••  .  •    ::    .  "           :•     1QS7   :•:•:•:•:• 

MmM^^Mjuly' 

iiilij 

/.■.i.*^^..^^^^w^s* 

':     1952 

1 

■;.:r^r:^:r 1 

1 

,      | 

■ 

"""■■■":■'■"  •     ■ 

Put  C»nt 

90 
8C 
70 
60 
50 
40 
30 
20 
10 


SURPLUS   SURPLUS  BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP  l    GROUP  2    GROUP  3     GROUP  4 


The  demand  for  labour  continued  to  be  more  evenly  distributed 
than  it  was  last  year.  Eighty-five  labour  markets  covering  77  per  cent 
of  all  paid  workers  were  in  balance  by  the  first  of  July,  compared  with 
75  areas  and  73  per  cent  of  all  paid  workers  at  July  1,  1952.  The  in- 
crease was  spread  fairly  evenly  over  all  types  of  areas  except  the 
metropolitan  centres.  In  this  classification  St.  John's,  Nfld.,  failed  to 
move  into  the  balanced  group  as  quickly  as  it  did  last  year  owing  to  a 
less  rapid  expansion  of  construction  activity. 

Labour  demand  was  not,  however,  evenly  balanced  with  supply 
in  all  parts  of  the  country.  Eighteen  of  the  22  surplus  areas  were  located 
in  the  Quebec  and  the  Atlantic  regions.  On  the  other  hand,  the  Prairie 
region  contained  six  of  the  eight  shortage  areas.  Almost  all  areas  in 
Ontario  and  the  Pacific  region  were  in  balance,  the  most  notable  ex- 
ception being  Vancouver —  New  Westminster  where  moderate  surpluses 
continued. 


Labour  Market 
Areas 

Labour  Surplus* 

Approximate 
Balance* 

Labour 
Shortage* 

1 

2 

3 

4 

July  1 
1953 

July  1 
1952 

July  1 
1953 

July  1 
1952 

July    1 
1953 

July  1 
1952 

July  1 
1953 

July  1 
1952 

Metropolitan 
Major  Industrial 
Major  Agricultural 
Minor 

- 

1 

2 
10 

10 

1 
12 

12 

7 
20 
12 
46 

8 
16 
10 
41 

1 
1 

5 

1 

1 
3 

7 
3 

Total 

- 

1 

22 

25 

85 

75 

8 

14 

♦See  inside  back  cover,  Labour  Gazette. 


973 


CLASSIFICATION   OF   LABOUR   MARKET   AREAS,   JULY  1,   1953 


APPROXIMATE 

LABOUR 

LABOUR  SURPLUS 

BALANCE 

SHORTAGE 

Group  1                                Group  2 

Group  3 

Group  4 

St.  John's 

Calgary 

Edmonton 

Vancouver -New 

Hamilton 

METROPOLITAN  AREAS 

Westminster 

Montreal 

(lobour  force  75,000  or  more) 

Ottawa -Hull 
Quebec  -  Levis 
Toronto 
Winnipeg 

Brantford 

Corner  Brook 

Kitchener 

Cornwall 

Farnham  -Granby 

Lac  St.  Jean 

Fort  William- 

Moncton 

Port  Arthur 

New  Glasgow 

Guelph 

Rouyn-Val  d'Cr 

Halifax 

Saint  John 

Kingston 

Shawinigan  Foils 

London 

Trois  Rivieres 

Niagara  Falls 

MAJOR  INDUSTRIAL  AREAS 

Valleyfield- 

Oshawa 

(labour  force  25,000-75,000: 

Beauharnois 

Peterborough 

60  per  cent  or  more  in 

Sarnia 

non-agricultural  industry) 

Sherbrooke 
St.  Catharines 
St.  Hyactnthe 
Sudbury 
Sydney 
Timmins  — 

Kirkland  Lake 
Vicforio 
Welland 
Windsor 

Borrie 

Brandon 

Charlottetown 

Red  Deer 

Chatham,  Ont. 

Regina 

Joliette 

Swift  Current 

MAJOR  AGRICULTURAL  AREAS 

Kentville 

Yorkton 

(labour  force  25,000-75,000: 

Lethbridge 
Moose  Jaw 
North  Cattleford 

40  per  cent  or  more  in  agriculture) 

Prince  Albert 

Riviere  du  Loup 

Saskatoon 

Thetford  Mines 

Gothurst 

Belleville  -Trenton 

Brampton 

Buckingham 

Lracebridge 

Drummondville 

Bridgewater 

Gaspe 

Campbellton 

La  Malbaie 

Central  Vancouver 

Newcastle 

Island 

Prince  George 

Chilliwack 

Rimouski 

Cronbrook 

St.  Georges  Est 

Dauphin 

Sorel 

Dawson  Creek 
Drumheller 
Edmundston 
Fort  Erie  - 

Port  Colborne 
Fredericton 
Gait 

Goderich 
Grand  Falls 
In  jersoll 
Kamloops 
Kenoro  —Sioux 

Lookout 
Lachute  - 

Ste.  Therese 

MINOR  AREAS 

Leamington 
Lindsay 
L  istowel 

(labour  force   10,000-25,000) 

Medicine  Hat 

Montragny 

Korth  Bay 

Ckonagan  Valley 

Owen  Sound 

Pembroke 

Portage  la  Prairie 

Prince  Rupert 

Sault  Ste.  Marie 

Simcoe 

Ste.  Agathe  - 

St.  Jerome 

St.  Jean 

Stratford 

Summerside 

St.  Thomas 

Troil  -  Nelson 

Truro 

Victoriaville 

Walkerton 

Weyburn 

Woodstock,  Ont. 

Woodstock,  N.C. 

Yarmouth 

ATLANTIC 


ATLANTIC 


>f    th*    four    I 


paid 

oboor 


market    groups,    1953. 


SURPLUS  SURPLUS  BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP  1  GROUP  2  GROUP  3  GROUP  * 


EMPLOYMENT  increased  season- 
ally in  all  parts  of  the  Atlantic 
region  in  June.  During  the  four 
weeks  ending  June  20,  full-time 
workers  increased  by  18,000  to  a 
total  of  468,000.  Part  of  this  in- 
crease resulted  from  further  season- 
al additions  to  the  labour  force  and 
part  from  a  reduction  in  the  number 
of  persons  without  jobs  and  seeking 
work. 

Seasonal  industries  such  as 
construction,  sawmilling,  agri- 
culture and  mining  exploration 
were  chiefly  responsible  for  in- 
creased  employment   in  the  region. 

Construction,  after  starting  slowly  this  spring,  became  quite  active 
during  June  and  it  is  anticipated  that  the  demand  for  construction  work- 
ers will  further  increase  in  the  months  ahead  as  work  advances  on  large 
projects  such  as  the  expansion  of  naval  facilities  in  Halifax,  the  im- 
provement of  Newfoundland's  transportation  system  and  the  extension 
of  the  pier  at  Saint  John,  N.B;  While  the  employment  total  for  the  region 
is  about  the  same  as  a  year  ago,  some  of  the  industrial  areas  reported 
shortages  of  skilled  workers.  Most  of  the  existing  shortages  were  in  the 
metalworking,  electrical  and  skilled  construction  occupations. 

The  general  increase  in  activity  in  the  region  brought  five  additional 
labour  market  into  balance  during  June.  By  the  beginning  of  July,  14  of 
the  20  areas  had  balanced  labour  markets  compared  with  13  a  year  earlier 
and  nine  at  the  beginning  of  May.  However,  since  the  areas  that  moved 
into  balance  were  relatively  small,  the  number  of  wage  earners  in  the 
surplus  category  declined  only  slightly  during  the  month  (see  bar  chart). 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas,  Although  the  labour  supply 
in  St.  John's,  Nfld.,  diminished  both  as  a  result  of  increasing  activity 
and  because  workers  took  employment  outside  the  area,  the  decrease  was 
not  sufficient  to  bring  the  area's  labour  market  into  balance.  Manufac- 
turing employment  continued  at  stable  levels  except  for  a  small  lay-off 
of  steel  workers  following  a  mechanical  failure  at  a  plant.  The  fishing 
industry  experienced  a  contraction  of  its  working  force  this  year  as 
workers    found   more    lucrative   employment   in   logging  and  construction. 

The  continuing  high  levels  of  manufacturing  and  logging  employment 
and  the  increasing  demands  for  construction  workers  brought  the  Corner 
Brook  labour  market  into  balance.  Sydney  remained  in  the  balanced 
labour  market  category,  though  1,100  coal  miners  were  laid  off  at  the 
Glace  Bay  colliery.  Increased  activity  in  fishing,  construction  and  logging 
and  the  re-hiring  of  steel  workers  who  had  been  on  an  indefinite  lay-off 
since  last  winter  offset  the  decline  in  coal  mining  in  this  area.  In  Halifax 
there  was  a  fairly  heavy  influx  of  tradesmen  from  other  areas,  including 
immigrants   from  the   United   Kingdom,  and  although  most  of  them  found 


976 


employment  a  shortage  of  certain  skills  continued.  Requests  for  aircraft 
inspectors,  aircraft  fitters  and  mechanics  were  forwarded  to  other  areas. 
Surpluses  continued  in  Moncton  despite  a  fairly  heayy  demand  for  nearly 
all  types  of  skilled  workers.  This  situation  was  the  result  of  below- 
normal  activity  in  trucking,  and  reduced  lumber  and  pulp   cutting. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas,  Labour  supplies  in  almost  all 
these  areas  declined  rapidly  during  the  month.  Moderate  labour  surpluses 
existed  only  in  Bathurst  and  Newcastle. 

QUEBEC 


EMPLOYMENT  in  construction  and 
other  seasonal  industries  continued 
to  increase  in  Quebec  during  June 
but  decreased  in  some  manufac- 
turing industries.  The  primary 
textile  industry  reported  lay-offs 
and  a  good  deal  of  short  time.  In 
addition,  a  considerable  number  of 
workers  were  released  in  the  air- 
craft and  ancillary  industries.  On 
the  whole,  however,  employment 
in  the  region  increased.  Persons 
at  work  at  June  20,  totalling 
1,447,000,  exceeded  the  number 
reported  both  a  month  and  a  year 
earlier. 


QUEBEC 

Proportion     of    paid    workers     within    each 
of    tho    four    labour    market    groups,    1953. 


Per  Cent 


Per  Cent 


July   1 


SURPLUS  SURPLUS  BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP  1  GROUP  2  GROUP  3   GROUP  4 


The  labour  market  situation  in  the  major  industrial  areas  remained 
unchanged  during  the  month.  Of  the  minor  and  agricultural  areas,  how- 
ever, two  reduced  their  surpluses  sufficiently  to  be  classified  in  the 
moderate  surplus  group  and  three  eliminated  them,  thus  bringing  their 
labour  markets  into  balance.  By  the  end  of  June,  13  areas  covering  78 
per  cent  of  the  wage  and  salary  earners  in  the  province  were  in  the 
balanced  group.  The   12  remaining  areas  still  had  some  surplus  labour. 

Metropolitan  Areas,  More  than  1,500  workers  were  laid  off  in  the 
aircraft  industry  in  Montreal  during  June  and  several  hundred  more  were 
released  from  sub-contracting  firms  as  a  result  of  the  cancellation  of 
a  $100  million  order  for  aircraft  by  the  United  States  Government.  Al- 
though other  orders  have  been  placed,  it  was  not  considered  likely  that 
employment  in  the  industry  would  regain  its  former  high  levels.  Labour 
supplies  were  further  increased  by  seasonally  unemployed  clothing 
workers  and  by  high  school  students  registering  for  work.  Stable  employ- 
ment conditions  in  most  industries,  however,  kept  the  area  in  the  ba- 
lanced  category. 

The  labour  market  in  Quebec  city  was  balanced  during  June  as 
labour  requirements  for  the  construction  industry  increased  both  locally 
and  in  northern  areas.  Manufacturing  employment  continued  at  a  higher 
level  than  in  the  same  period  last  year  and  seasonal  lay-offs  in  the 
boot  and  shoe   industry  were   at  a  minimum. 


977 


Major  Industrial  Areas.  Very  little  change  occurred  in  the  industrial 
centres  in  Quebec  during  June,  five  out  of  eight  continuing  to  have 
moderate  labour  surpluses.  The  heavier  surpluses  of  the  winter  months 
had  greatly  diminished  and  further  reductions  were  anticipated  in  most 
areas.  Job  opportunities,  however,  were  fewer  than  last  year  in  the 
Lac  St.  Jean  and  Rouyn  — Val  d'Or  areas.  Employment  was  lower  in 
logging  and  mining  in  these  districts  and  fewer  alternative  jobs  were 
available  in  construction.  While  decreasing  employment  in  the  primary 
textile  industry  added  to  the  labour  supply,  it  did  not  change  the  general 
labour    market   situation    in   the    four   areas    in   the    Eastern  Townships. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas.  Labour  surpluses  declined  in 
most  of  the  15  major  agricultural  and  minor  areas  during  the  month. 
Areas  with  balanced  labour  markets  increased  from  five  to  eight  and 
those  with  moderate  surpluses  decreased  from  eight  to  seven.  Further 
improvement  was  expected  as  more  workers  leave  for  employment  at 
resource  development  sites.  Labour  surpluses  of  considerable  size 
continued,  however,  in  smaller  manufacturing  centres  such  as  Drummond- 
ville  and  Sorel,  where  workers  were  released  from  textile  and  defence- 
connected   industries. 


ONTARIO 


ONTARIO 

Proportion     of    paid    workers     within    oach 
of    tho    four    labour    market    groups,    1953. 

P*r  C«nt 


P«r  Com 


June    W         >||J 

CZZ3 M       I arfyTl 


SURPLUS  SURPLUS    BALANCE    SHORTAGE 
GROUP  1    GROUP  2     GROUP  3      GROUP  4 


EMPLOYMENT  levels  in  Ontario 
continued  to  rise  during  June, 
bringing  the  total  number  of  full- 
time  workers  to  1,763,000  by  June 
20,  an  increase  of  45,000  from  the 
previous  month.  Labour  supply  and 
demand,  however,  continued  in 
approximate  balance,  since  an 
addition  of  43,000  to  the  labour 
force  accounted  for  almost  all  the 
employment  increase. 


Seasonal  demand  for  labour 
continued  strong  in  the  farming, 
construction, lake  shipping,  fishing, 
summer  resort,  and  food  processing 
industries  during  June.  The  begin- 
ning of  the  hay  harvest  accelerated  the  demand  for  harvest  help  but  the 
arrival  of  more  than  300  German  farm  workers  and  about  350  harvesters 
from  the  Maritimes  helped  to  meet  the  demand.  Residential  construction 
also  continued  above  last  year's  level  and,  since  building  activity  is 
more  evenly  distributed  this  year  than  last,  the  market  for  construction 
labour  was  more  nearly  balanced  throughout  the  region.  Most  manu- 
facturing plants  operated  at  near  capacity  but  some  lay-offs  and  short- 
time  occurred  in  the  farm  machinery,  textiles,  clothing,  fur,  rubber, 
automobile  and  truck  assembly  industries.  Although  labour  was  in  tight 
supply  in  most  areas  of  Ontario,  there  was  not  much  unfilled  demand 
except  for  engineers,  electronic  and  electrical  technicians,  automobile 
mechanics  and  repairmen,  some  types  of  draughtsmen  and  farm  hands. 
Students  seeking  summer  employment  filled  many  unskilled  jobs  but 
there  was  still  a  surplus  of  unskilled  female  workers    in    some    areas. 


978 


During  June,  there  was  little  change  in  local  labour  market  situ- 
ations; one  area  moved  from  balance  into  shortage  and  another  moved 
from  balance  back  into  moderate  surplus.  At  the  beginning  of  July,  35 
areas  had  approximately  balanced  labour  markets,  two  had  a  general 
shortage  of  labour  and  two  some  labour  surplus.  Although  there  were 
fewer  people  unemployed  in  Ontario  than  a  year  ago,  only  two  areas  had 
labour  shortages  compared  with  five  last  year.  This  indicates  that  ac- 
tivity,  especially  construction,   is  more   evenly  distributed  this  summer. 

Metropolitan  Areas,  The  strong  demand  for  engineers,  qualified 
stenographers  and  experienced  construction  workers  continued  in  Ottawa 
and  Toronto  but  much  of  this  demand  was  filled  by  recent  graduates 
and  by  immigrants  from  the  United  Kingdom.  All  three  metropolitan  areas, 
Toronto,  Ottawa  — Hull  and  Hamilton,  still  had  approximately  balanced 
labour  markets.  However,  there  was  a  substantial  increase  in  labour 
supply  in  Hamilton  during  June  and  early  July  as  high  school  students 
looked  for  summer  jobs  and  as  temporary  lay-offs  occurred  in  some 
manufacturing  industries. 

Major  Industrial  Areas.  Employment  in  most  industrial  areas  in 
Ontario  continued  at  near-capacity  levels,  suitable  labour  being  very 
scarce.  All  but  three  of  the  major  industrial  areas,  however,  still  had 
approximately  balanced  labour  markets.  Kitchener  still  experienced 
some  shortage  of  farm  hands,  construction  workers  and  automobile  me- 
chanics but  most  of  the  demand  for  skilled  workers  and  professional 
people  was  met.  The  labour  surplus  in  Brantford  continued  but  was 
gradually  being  reduced  as  workers  obtained  jobs  in  nearby  areas.  Corn- 
wall moved  back  into  the  surplus  category  owing  to  the  influx  of  students 
into    the    labour   force    and    a   number   of   temporary    industrial  lay-offs. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas.  The  heavy  demand  for  farm 
labour  brought  Brampton  into  the  labour  shortage  category.  The  labour 
supply  was  also  becoming  tight  in  most  of  the  other  major  industrial 
and    minor   areas    but   most  requirements   continued   to   be   filled  locally. 


PRAIRIE 

DURING  June,  labour  requirements 
in  the  Prairie  region  continued  to 
expand  seasonally  although  the 
emphasis  in  activity  shifted  from 
agriculture  to  construction.  By  the 
week  ending  June  20,  full-time 
workers  numbered  877,000,  an  in- 
crease of  4,000  from  the  previous 
month.  At  the  same  time,  the  agri- 
cultural labour  force  decreased  by 
5,000. 

Crop  prospects  worsened  during 
May  and  early  June  as  a  result  of 
heavy  rainfall,  which  delayed  plan- 
ting and  reduced  the  acreage  seeded 
to     grain.    With    the    exception    of 


PRAIRIE 

Proportion     of    poid     workers    within    each 
of    the    four    labour    market    groups,    1953. 

Per  Cent  Per  Ce 


\   ^B 

H| 

p 

Zpi 

1 

lii 

-te 

III 

■ill 

-J 

.   Ill 

SURPLUS  SURPLUS  BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP  1  GROUP  2  GROUP  3  GROUP  4 


979 


agriculture,  however,  activities  in  the  region  continued  to  expand.  At 
the  beginning  of  May,  non-agricultural  employment  showed  a  year-to- 
year  increase  of  five  and  one-half  per  cent,  compared  with  three  and 
one-half  per  cent  for  the  country  as  a  whole.  Two-thirds  of  this  increase 
occurred  in  trade,  manufacturing  and  construction.  One-half  of  the  in- 
crease occurred  in  Alberta  which,  in  terms  of  industrial  employment,  is 
now   almost  as   large  as   Manitoba. 

The  rising  level  of  construction  activity  during  June  was  accompa- 
nied by  a  tightening  labour  supply  in  urban  centres  which  was  only  par- 
tially relieved  by  the  steady  influx  of  workers  from  other  parts  of  the 
country.  The  flow  of  workers  to  the  larger  cities  created,  in  turn,  a  rather 
tight  labour  situation  in  many  of  the  smaller  areas.  During  the  month, 
labour  shortages  developed  in  Edmonton,  Yorkton  and  Red  Deer,  bringing 
the  number  of  areas  in  the  shortage  category  to  six.  With  the  elimination 
of  the  labour  surplus  in  Drumheller,  labour  demand  and  supply  in  the 
remaining  areas  of  the  region  were   in  balance. 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas.  The  large  volume  of  defence, 
industrial  and  residential  construction  in  Edmonton  made  strong  demands 
on  the  labour  force  in  spite  of  its  rapid  growth.  Welders,  plumbers  and 
motor  mechanics  were  particularly  scarce,  as  were  female  workers  for  a 
variety  of  sales  and  clerical  occupations.  About  2,600  construction 
workers  will  be  released  gradually  during  the  summer  as  the  new  Ca- 
nadian Chemical  Company  plant  in  Edmonton  is  completed  but  it  is 
expected  that  they  will  easily  find  employment  in  housing  construction 
and  on  defence  and  industrial  sites  in  Edmonton,  Fort  Saskatchewan  and 
Cold  Lake.  Several  hundred  workers  were  being  recruited  for  the  new 
Edmonton  chemical  plant  which  will  have  an  initial  complement  of 
750  employees. 

Apart  from  the  seasonal  increase  in  construction,  conditions  in 
Calgary  and  Winnipeg  showed  little  change  during  June.  In  Fort  William- 
Port  Arthur,  however,  available  labour  supplies  dwindled  further  as 
summer  woods  work  increased.  Employment  in  aircraft  and  motor  vehicle 
manufacturing  and   in  shipbuilding  continued  at  a  high  and  stable  level. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas.  In  these  areas,  the  decline  in 
labour  requirements  resulting  from  the  completion  of  seeding  operations 
was  replaced  by  the  increasing  needs  of  the  construction  and  railway 
maintenance  activities.  Aside  from  the  usual  shortages  of  waitresses 
and  domestic  service  workers,  the  greatest  shortages  in  most  areas  were 
of  construction  tradesmen,  welders,  automobile  mechanics,  stenographers 
and  office  and  sales  clerks.  The  shortages  were  most  evident  in  Brandon, 
Piegina,   Red   Deer,  Swift  Current  and   Yorkton. 

PACIFIC 

AFTER  increasing  by  14,000  in  May,  the  number  of  full-time  workers 
in  the  Pacific  region  rose  by  a  further  2,000  to  a  total  of  389,000  at 
June  20.  An  exact  year-to-year  comparison  of  the  employment  situation 
was  difficult  to  make  because  of  the  forest  industries'  strike  last  year 
but  it  was  estimated  that  the  general  demand  for  labour  was  still  not 
quite   as   strong  as    at  the   same   time   in   1952. 

980 


PACIFIC 

Proportion     of    paid    workers     within    each 
of    the    four    labour    market    groups,    1953. 


Per  Cent 


P»t  Cent 


SURPLUS  SURPLUS  BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP  1  GROUP  2  GROUP  3  GROUP  4 


The  temporary  labour  require- 
ments of  berry  harvesting  and  the 
rising  level  of  construction  wort 
were  mainly  responsible  for  the 
increased  employment  during  the 
month.  Expansion  of  construction 
employment  in  the  region  was 
particularly  rapid  as  work  pro- 
ceeded on  26  major  projects  which 
are  expected  to  employ  17,000  men 
during     the     August    peak    period. 

Production  increased  moder- 
ately in  logging,  fishing  and  mining, 
industries  that  had  been  mainly 
responsible  for  halting  the  rising 
trend   of   employment   in   the   region 

this  spring.  After  a  price  settlement  covering  the  summer  fishing  oper- 
ations, fishing  and  fish-canning  activity  increased;  employment  in  these 
sectors  is  expected  to  rise  by  a  further  substantial  amount  in  the  coming 
months.  Additional  logging  camps  re-opened  during  the  month  and  those 
already  in  operation  continued  unhindered  by  the  fire  hazard  that  usually 
develops  at  this  time.  Crews  in  nearly  all  camps  were  still  smaller, 
however,  than  in  previous  years.  This  was  partly  attributed  to  the  un- 
certain outcome  of  wage  negotiations  now  in  progress.  In  base  metal- 
mining,  the  outlook  improved  as  world  lead  and  zinc  prices  recovered 
and  some  of  the  workers  released  last  fall  were  rehired.  No  immediate 
return  to  the  high  employment  levels  of  a  year  ago,  however,  was  gener- 
ally expected. 

Increasing  labour  requirements  cut  into  local  labour  surpluses  but 
the  reductions  were  not  large  enough  to  warrant  any  changes  in  classi- 
fication of  the  areas  in  the  region.  By  July  1,  two  areas  still  had  slight 
labour  surpluses  and  eight  had  balanced  labour  markets. 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas.  Although  a  slight  labour 
surplus  persisted  in  Vancouver —  New  Westminster,  increasing  activity 
was  evident  in  most  industries  by  the  end  of  June.  The  labour  require- 
ments of  an  exceptionally  large  residential  construction  program,  to- 
gether with  the  continuing  demand  from  projects  outside  the  area,  reduced 
the  number  of  idle  construction  workers  to  its  lowest  point  in  years. 
The  workers  in  greatest  demand  were  trowel  tradesmen,  welders  and 
carpenters  with  experience  in  heavy  construction  work. 

Employment  levels  in  Victoria,  with  the  exception  of  shipbuilding, 
remained  virtually  unchanged  during  June.  At  one  yard  200  men  were 
released  during  the  past  two  months  and  further  lay-offs  are  in  prospect 
unless  the  firm  receives  more  repair  work.  There  was  also  a  reduction 
in  the  staff  of  the   naval  dockyard. 

Minor  Areas.  The  increase  in  construction  and  other  seasonal 
activity  steadily  absorbed  the  available  labour  in  most  minor  areas. 
Demand  for  berry  pickers  and  fruit  thinners  was  heavy  during  the  month, 
particularly  in  the  Okanagan  Valley.  In  Prince  George,  the  lumber  in- 
dustry swung  into  full  production  after  a  lapse  of  six  weeks.  On  Van- 
couver Island,   surplus   loggers   were  being  steadily  rehired. 

981 


Current  Labour  Statistics 


(Latest  available  statistics  as  of  July  10,  1953) 


Principal  Items 

Date 

Amount 

Percentage  Change 
From 

Previous 
Month 

Previous 
Year 

M  empower 

June 
June 

June 

June 
June 
June 
June 
June 
June 

June 

May 

May 

May 

June 
June 
June 

May 
May 
May 
May 
June 
June 
May 
April 

April 
April 
April 
April 

20 
20 

20 

18 
IE 
18 
18 
18 
18 

1 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

5,387,000 
5,297,000 

90,000 

25,877 
63,051 
48, 15 1 
19,064 
23, 139 
179,282 

143,083 
$12,195,255 

184.1 

20,905 

57,346 

6,452 

31 

$57.54 

$L36 

41.9 

$56.82 

184.8 

114.9 

118.5 

949 

256.1 
272.6 
339.6 
229.8 

+    1.2 
+   1.7 

-2L1 

-26.6 
-23.7 

-  5.2 
-26.4 
-17.2 
-19.4 

-33.5 
-25.6 

+    LI 

+29.7 

+  0.4 
+  0.5 

-  0.5 
+  0.1 
+  0.7 
+  0.4 

-  0.5 
+   2.7 

+  3.9 
+  2.8 
+   L8 

+   3.7 

Persons  without  jobs  &  seeking 

work  (a) 

Registered  for  work,  NES  (b) 

Atlantic 

+   2.3 

Quebec   

-  4.5 

Ontario    

-19.2 

Prairie    

+    1.4 

Pacific   

-2L3 

Total,  all  regions 

-10.0 

Ordinary  claims  for  Unemployment 

Insurance  benefit 

-  0.3 

Amount  of  benefit  payments  

+  17.6 

Index  of  employment  (1939=100) 

+   3.8 

-27.0(c)* 

Industrial  Relations 

Strikes  and  lockouts —  days  lost 

(No.  of  workers  involved 

No.  of  strikes 

-84.2(c) 
-78.1(c) 
-29.8(c) 

Earnings  and  Income 

Average  weekly  wages  and  salaries 

Average  hours  worked  per  week  (mfg.) 

Average  weekly  earnings  (mfg.)  

Cost-of-living  index  (av.   1935-39=100).... 
Consumer  price  index  (av.   1949  =  100) 

Total  labour  income $000,000 

+  5.9 
+  4.8 
+  0.5 
+  5.3 

-  1.3 

-  1.0 
+  6.2 
+  1L4 

Industrial  Production 

Manufacturing. 

Non-Durables  

+  11.0 
+  1L4 
+  14.8 
+  8.3 

(a)  Estimated  by  DBS  on  basis  of  sample  labour  force  survey.  Only  those  who  did  not  do 
any  work  in  the  survey  week  are  here  classified  as  persons  without  jobs.  Labour 
force  estimates  are  based  on  a  sample  survey  of  30,000  households  chosen  by  area 
sampling  methods  in  more  than  100  different  areas  in  Canada.  They  are  subject  to 
sampling  error.  In  general  the  smaller  the  estimate,  the  larger  the  relative  sampling 
error.  The  estimates,  however,  do  show  the  numbers  in  the  various  labour  force  cate- 
gories with   sufficient   accuracy  for   practical  purposes. 

(b)  Total  applications  on  file  at  NES  offices  exclude  registrations  from  persons  known  to 
have  a  job  while  applying  for  another  one.  Means  are  also  taken  to  exclude,  as  far  as 
possible,  persons  who  have  secured  work  on  their  own  since  registration.  Never- 
theless, the  figures  inevitably  include  a  number  of  persons  who  have  found  employ- 
ment or  who  have  left  the  labour  force  by  the  time  the  count  is  made.  On  the  other 
hand,    not   all   the    persons   who   are    looking   for   work   register   at   employment   offices. 

(c)  These  percentages  compare  the  cumulative  total  to  date  from  first  of  current  year  with 
total   for   same    period   previous   year. 

*In  the  table  for  June,   1953,  this  figure  should  read   —37.3. 


982 


Notes  of 
Current 
Interest 

Federal   FEP   Act 
In   Effect   July   1 

The  Canada  Fair  Employment  Practices 
Act,  passed  at  the  recent  session  of  Parlia- 
ment (L.G.,  June,  p.  832),  came  into  effect 
July  1. 

Like  other  federal  labour  legislation,  the 
Act  applies  only  to  works  and  businesses 
within  federal  jurisdiction;  but  the  hope 
was  expressed  by  Parliament  that  the  legis- 
lation would  have  far-reaching  influence  all 
across  the  country. 

Specifically,  the  Act  applies  to  such 
employments  as  navigation  and  shipping, 
railways,  canals,  telegraphs,  aerodromes,  air- 
craft and  lines  of  air  transportation,  radio 
broadcasting  stations,  and  banks,  as  well  as 
to  works  or  undertakings  declared  by 
Parliament  to  be  for  the  general  advantage 
of  Canada.  It  applies  also  to  federal  crown 
corporations. 


New   Immigration   Act 
Proclaimed   in  Force 

The  new  Immigration  Act  and  amend- 
ments to  the  Canadian  Citizenship  Act 
were  proclaimed  in  force  June  1. 

The  new  Immigration  Act  clarifies  and 
simplifies  procedures;  the  changes  in  the 
Citizenship  Act  bring  citizenship  provisions 
in  line  with  the  Immigration  Act.  The 
new  legislation  does  away  with  certain 
anomalies  brought  to  light  and  standardizes 
the  procedures  in  connection  with  immi- 
gration and  with  the  acquisition  of  Cana- 
dian citizenship. 


One-Fifth   of  Households 
Overcrowded   in   1951 

Nearly  one-fifth  of  Canadian  households 
were  overcrowded  in  1951,  according  to  the 
Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics. 

The  Bureau,  reporting  in  a  1951  Census 
bulletin  on  housing*  that  some  641,820 
households  (18-8  per  cent  of  the  total) 
were  overcrowded,  defines  a  crowded  house- 
hold   as    one    in    which    the    number    of 


75802—2 


persons  exceeds  the  number  of  rooms  in 
the  dwelling.  The  definition  does  not  take 
into  account  the  ages  of  the  persons  or 
the  sizes  of  the  rooms. 

Among  urban  centres,  places  with  popu- 
lations of  fewer  than  10,000  were  found  to 
have  the  largest  proportion  of  crowded 
households,  averaging  18-4  per  cent, 
followed  by  localities  of  10,000  to  29,999 
with  16-8  per  cent,  cities  of  100,000  or 
more  with  15-7  per  cent  and  centres  of 
30,000  to  99,999  with  15-4  per  cent. 

Sixty  per  cent  of  the  crowded  house- 
holds and  67  per  cent  of  the  uncrowded 
were  owner  households.  About  22  per 
cent  of  Canada's  tenant  households  were 
crowded,  compared  with  17  per  cent  of  the 
owner  households. 

The  median  rent  was  lower  for  crowded 
tenant  households  at  $28  a  month  than  for 
uncrowded  tenant  households  at  $36. 


Housing   Increase 
Continued   in   April 

The  upswing  of  new  residential  construc- 
tion continued  in  all  parts  of  Canada  in 
April  with  both  starts  and  completions 
substantially  outnumbering  those  of  a  year 
earlier. 

The  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
reported  that  9,902  new  dwelling  units  were 
started  during  the  month,  a  gain  of  39  per 
cent  over  the  7;127  started  in  April  last 
year,  and  that  completions  were  up  19  per 
cent  to  6,325  from  5,325.  The  average 
length  of  time  under  construction  was  down 
nearly  two  months  to  7-0  from  8-9  months 
in  April,  1952. 

Both  starts  and  completions  were  higher 
than  a  year  earlier  in  each  of  the  first 
four  months  of  this  year,  with  starts  up 
52  per  cent  to  21,832  from  14,395  and  com- 
pletions up  34  per  cent  to  24,717  from  18,391 
in  the  January-April  period. 


March   Housing   Total   in 
I/.K.   Highest  Since   War 

The  number  of  permanent  houses  com- 
pleted in  Great  Britain  during  March  was 
28,729  compared  with  21,754  in  March  1952. 
This  is  the  highest  month's  total  since 
the  war. 

In  the  first  three  months  of  1953,  69,431 
permanent  houses  were  completed,  com- 
pared with  53,609  in  the  same  period 
of  1952. 


*1951    Census    Bulletin    3-13:    Crowded    and 
Uncrowded   Households    (50   cents). 

983 


May   Housing   Starts 
Down   Slightly   in   U.S. 

Housing  starts  in  the  United  States 
totalled  107,000  in  May,  a  decrease  of 
about  3,000  units  from  April,  according  to 
preliminary  estimates  of  the  U.S.  Labor 
Department's  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Although  the  decline  was  slight,  it  was 
rather  general  throughout  the  country  and 
represented  the  first  April-May  downward 
movement  since  the  Second  World  War. 
A  rise  in  housing  activity  had  been 
expected  in  May  after  interest  rates  were 
increased  for  Federal  Housing  Administra- 
tion and  Veterans  Administration  mortgage 
loans. 

May  was  marked  by  very  heavy  rainfall, 
md  floods  in  a  number  of  states,  which 
may  have  prompted  builders  in  some  p'aces 
to  delay  obtaining  permits  and  starting 
construction. 

On  a  seasonally-adjusted  basis,  prelim- 
inary estimates  indicate  that  total  housing 
starts  were  at  an  annual  rate  of  1,057,000 
in  May. 


Supreme  Cotirt   Rules 
On   4   Labour  Cases 

On  June  8  the  Supreme  Court  of  Canada 
handed  down  four  judgments  dealing  with 
decisions  of  Labour  Relations  Boards  in 
four  provinces. 

The  judgments  upheld  the  British 
Columbia  Labour  Relations  Board's  deci- 
sion that  comptometer  operators  were  not 
"confidential"  employees,  agreed  with  the 
Nova  Scotia  Supreme  Court  that  the  prov- 
ince's Labour  Relations  Board  could  not 
refuse  to  certify  a  union  because  one  of 
the  union  officers  was  a  Communist, 
rejected  a  Quebec  court  decision  that 
upheld  the  decertification  of  a  Montreal 
teachers'  union  for  participation  in  an 
illegal  strike  and  upheld  the  setting  aside 
by  a'n  Ontario  court  of  a  certification  order 
issued  by  the  provincial  Labour  Rektions 
Board  to  the  Toronto  Newspaper  Guild. 

In  the  Safeivay  case,  the  Court  allowed 
the  appeal  of  the  British  Columbia  Labour 
Relations  Board  and  the  Retail,  Wholesale, 
and  Department  Store  Union,  Local  580, 
against  the  decision  of  the  British  Columbia 
Court  of  Appeal  (L.G,  Feb.,  p.  284).  That 
decision  held  that  the  Board  exceeded 
its  powers  in  ruling  that  comptometer 
and  Powers  machine  operators  were  not 
"employed  in  a  confidential  capacity" 
within  the  meaning  of  the  Industrial  Con- 
ciliation and  Arbitration  Act.  The  Supreme 
Court  of  Canada  restored  the  judgment  of 
the    British    Columbia    trial    court    which 


upheld  the  Labour  Relations  Board's  order 
including  such  operators  in  the  bargaining 
unit  for  which  it  certified  Local  580  as 
bargaining  agent. 

An  appeal  from  the  judgment  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Nova  Scotia  in  the  case 
involving  the  application  of  the  Industrial 
Union  of  Marine  and  Shipbuilding  Workers 
of  Canada,  Local  18,  for  certification  as 
bargaining  agent  for  employees  of  Smith 
&  Rhuland  Limited  was  dismissed.  The 
Nova  Scotia  Supreme  Court  had  quashed 
the  order  of  the  Labour  Relations  Board 
dismissing  the  union's  application  on  the 
grounds  that  one  of  its  officers  was  a 
Communist  (L.G..  1952,  p.  937).  The 
Supreme  Court  of  Canada  upheld  the  Nova 
Scotia  Court's  ruling  that  the  Board  lacked 
authority  to  dismiss  the  application  on 
these  grounds. 

L' Alliance  des  Professeurs  Catholiques  de 
Montreal  won  its  appeal  against  the  judg- 
ment of  the  Quebec  Court  of  King's  Bench 
(Appeal  Side)  upholding  the  decertification 
by  the  Quebec  Labour  Relations  Board  of 
L 'Alliance  as  the  bargaining  agent  for 
teachers  in  the  French  Catholic  schools  of 
Montreal  following  an  illegal  strike  (L.G., 
1952,  p.  301).  The  Supreme  Court  of 
Canada,  with  no  dissenting  opinion,  set 
aside  the  judgment  of  the  Quebec  Appeal 
Court  and  restored  the  order  of  the  trial 
court  making  the  decertification  order  null 
and  void. 

In  the  Globe  Printing  Company  case,  the 
Toronto  Newspaper  Guild  lost  its  appeal 
against  the  decision  of  the  Ontario  Court 
of  Appeal  (L.G.,  1952,  p.  615).  The 
Supreme  Court  of  Canada  held  that  the 
Ontario  High  Court  of  Justice  did  not 
exceed  its  authority  in  setting  aside  a 
certification  order  issued  by  the  Ontario 
Labour  Relations  Board  to  the  Guild  in 
respect  of  Globe  employees. 

Reasons  for  judgment  in  these  cases  will 
be  reported  in  the  Labour  Law  section  next 
month. 


$137.50   Monthly   Pension 
Now   Paid   hy   G.Jfi.9   Too 

Following  the  lead  of  Ford  and  Chrysler 
(L.G.,  June,  p.  809),  General  Motors  has 
also  agreed  to  raise  maximum  pension 
benefits  to  $137.50  a  month  under  its  con- 
tract with  the  United  Automobile  Workers 
(CIO). 

All  three  United  States  automobile 
manufacturers  now  pay  the  difference 
between  the  worker's  primary  social 
security  benefit  of  S85  a  month,  up  to  the 
maximum  of  $137.50. 


984 


March   Labour  Income 
Up  in  Canada   and   U.S. 

Canadian  labour  income  rose  to  an  esti- 
mated $928,000  in  March,  compared  with 
$862,000  in  March  last  year,  the  Dominion 
Bureau  of  Statistics  has  reported. 

Labour  income  in  the  United  States  also 
increased  during  March.  The  Bureau  of 
Labor  Statistics  has  reported  that  hourly 
earnings  of  factory  workers  producing 
durable  goods  rose  6-3  per  cent  between 
March  1952,  and  March  this  year.  In  the 
production  of  non-durable  goods,  average 
hourly  earnings  increased  3-9  per  cent 
during  the  year. 

In  Canada,  the  cumulative  total  of  labour 
income  for  the  first  quarter  of  1953  was 
$2,785,000,000,  an  increase  of  8-5  per  cent 
over  last  year's  first-quarter  total  of 
$2,566,000,000. 

In  the  quarter,  labour  income  was  higher 
in  manufacturing,  utilities,  transportation, 
communication,  storage,  trade,  finance  and 
services,  and  construction  but  lower  in 
agriculture,  logging,  fishing,  trapping  and 
mining. 

Ontario  Accident  Claims 
Increased  Last  Year 

An  increase  in  1952  in  claims  for  work- 
men's compensation  is  noted  in  the  annual 
report  of  the  Ontario  Industrial  Accident 
Prevention  Associations. 

A  total  of  94,349  claims  was  registered 
in  1952,  compared  with  87,867  in  1951,  for 
injuries  in  the  manufacturing  industries 
represented  by  the  Associations.  Fatalities 
increased  from  51  to  68. 

The  IAPA  embraces  17  out  of  the  25 
classes  of  industries  covered  under  Schedule 
1  of  the  Ontario  Workmen's  Compensation 
Act. 

The  increase  in  the  number  of  compen- 
sation cases  was  probably  the  result  of 
the  addition  of  an  estimated  40,000  new 
employees  in  the  manufacturing  industries 
and  of  the  reduction  in  the  waiting  period 
—from  seven  to  five  days — which  is 
required  before  an  injured  worker  qualifies 
for  compensation,  the  report  pointed  out. 

Of  the  94,349  accident  claims  filed,  1,137 
were  for  permanent  disability  compared 
with  973  in  1951,  20,343  were  for  temporary 
disability,  compared  with  17,231,  and  72,801 
were  for  medical  aid  only,  compared  with 
69,612. 

In  the  annual  report,  R.  G.  D.  Anderson* 
IAPA  General  Manager,  stated:  "Had  the 
rate     of    fatal    and    permanent     disability 


accidents  in  effect  in  1921  continued  through 
the  years  to  1951,.  we  estimate  that  1,621 
workers  now  enjoying  their  full  regular 
livelihood  would  have  been  killed  and 
nearly  28,000  more  people  would  have 
suffered  injuries  causing  permanent 
disability." 

Great  progress  in  the  prevention  of 
industrial  accidents  has  been  made  in  the 
past  30  years,  the  report  points  out. 
"Between  1921  and  1951,"  it  states,  "death 
cases  in  IAPA  classes  have  been  reduced 
from  1  in  every  3,000  employees  to  1  in 
every  10,000  employees;  permanent  dis- 
abilities have  likewise  been  reduced  from 
five  per  thousand  employees  to  1-5  per 
thousand." 


*Mr.    Anderson   was   incorrectly   quoted   in 
the  May  issue    (p.   663). 


Que.  Compensation  Claims 
Highest  Ever  in   1952 

According  to  the  1952  report  of  the 
Quebec  Workmen's  Compensation  Commis- 
sion, 97,177  claims  for  benefit  were  made 
during  the  year,  compared  with  95,930  in 
1951,  an  increase  of  1,257.  The  report 
points  out  that  the  1952  total  is  the  largest 
since  the  establishment  of  the  Commission 
in  1931. 

The  increase  for  all  industry  over  1951 
was  1-3  per  cent  while  the  17,429  employers 
who  comprise  the  Commission's  20  cate- 
gories registered  63,836  claims,  an  increase 
of  3,214,  or  5-3  per  cent,  over  the  previous 
year.  It  is  reported  that  the  increased 
number  of  accidents  was  largely  due  to  the 
increase  in  the  number  of  hours  worked 
in  1952. 

During  the  year,  the  Commission  made 
17,145  visits  to  employers  in  order  to  carry 
out  inspections,  interviews,  inquiries  into 
more  serious  accidents  and  to  assist  in 
safety  and  accident  prevention  programs. 
The  Commission  participated  in  360  acci- 
dent prevention  committees,  investigated 
5,324  accidents  and  issued  18,829  recom- 
mendations concerning  dangerous  condi- 
tions of  employment  in  factories  and 
construction  projects.  During  the  year  the 
Commission  organized  safety  courses  in  21 
industrial  firms  and  held  regional  confer- 
ences in  31  different  areas. 

During  the  month  of  June,  which  was 
designated  as  a  period  in  which  a  special 
effort  was  to  be  made  to  reduce  accidents, 
some  1,930  special  certificates  were  issued 
to  as  many  firms  which  had  succeeded  in 
avoiding  a  single   compensable   accident. 

The  report  concludes  by  noting  that 
despite  the  protective  devices  that  are 
erected  to  shield  the  worker  from  dangerous 
machinery,  approximately  85  per  cent  of 
accidents  are  due  to  the  human  factor. 


75802— 2i 


985. 


U.S.   Worh   Injuries 
Declined   in   1952 

Preliminary  estimates  of  the  United 
States  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  indicate 
that  injuries  sustained  by  American  workers 
on  the  job  during  1952  numbered  2,031,000, 
a  decrease  of  3-3  per  cent  from  the  1951 
total  of  2,100,000. 

Injuries  in  manufacturing  showed  the 
most  significant  decrease,  the  total  of 
450,000  being  60,000  below  the  1951  figure. 
Minor  reductions  were  registered  in  all 
other  industrial  groups  with  the  exception 
of  mining  and  quarrying  and  public  utili- 
ties, which  remained  the  same,  and  trans- 
portation, which  showed  a  slight  increase. 

Despite  the  continued  rise  of  employ- 
ment in  manufacturing,  injury  frequency 
declined  during  the  year,  the  average  rate 
being  13-5,  the  lowest  rate  on  record  for 
any  year.  This  was  7  per  cent  under  the 
previous  low  of  14-5  for  1949  and  13  per 
cent  lower  than  the  15-5  rate  established 
in  1951. 

During  1952,  approximately  15,000  deaths 
resulted  while  64,000  injuries  were  sustained 
which  resulted  in  some  form  of  permanent 
disability.  The  balance  of  the  estimated 
injuries  consisted  of  those  which  disabled 
a  worker  for  a  full  day  or  more  but  from 
which  the  injured  person  recovered  with- 
out any  permanent  disability. 

Approximately  41,000,000  man-days  were 
lost  in  1952  as  a  result  of  injuries,  the 
equivalent  of  a  loss  to  the  labour  force  of 
137,000  full-time  workers. 


U.S.   Manpower  Council 
Urges   More   Highly -Shilled 

Recommendations  urging  an  increase  in 
the  number  of  highly-trained,  university- 
educated  men  and  women  highlighted  the 
report  of  the  National  Manpower  Council 
recently  presented  to  President  Eisen- 
hower. The  Council,  established  at 
Columbia  University  in  the  spring  of  1951, 
is  studying  manpower  problems  during  the 
present  rearmament  period* 


The  Council,  composed  of  20  prominent 
educators,  business  leaders  and  laymen, 
pointed  out  the  necessity  for  the  nation  to 
keep  abreast  of  the  latest  developments  by 
relying  upon  the  "brain  power"  of  its 
scientists,  physicists  and  engineers  and 
through  improved  and  expanded  research 
programs.  With  regard  to  the  need  for  an 
increased  number  of  professional  workers, 
the  Council  report  states  that  "great  care 
must  be  taken  to  ensure  that  the  universi- 
ties can  continue  to  meet  their  major 
responsibilities  of  discovering  new  knowl- 
edge and  training  tomorrow's  scientists  and 
scholars.  Only  if  this  is  done  will  the 
nation  be  able  to  reap  the  full  benefits  of 
science  and  technology  for  defence  and  for 
its  expanding  welfare." 

Among  the  more  important  recommenda- 
tions of  the  Council  were  the  following: — 

1.  That  the  President  appoint  a  commis- 
sion composed  of  representatives  of  gov- 
ernment, universities  and  industry  to  review 
the  impact  of  governmental  research  and 
development  contracts  upon  the  primary 
responsibilities  of  the  colleges  and  universi- 
ties to  advance  fundamental  knowledge  and 
to  train  future  scholars  and  scientists. 

2.  That  the  public  continue  to  support 
the  present  program  of  deferring  qualified 
students  in  order  to  enable  them  to  com- 
plete their  education  before  induction  into 
the  armed  services. 

3.  That  scholarship  and  fellowship  pro- 
grams, supported  by  private  and  public 
funds,  be  maintained  and  expanded  to  help 
more  young  people  of  ability  to  acquire 
a  higher  education. 

4.  That  management  intensify  its  efforts 
to  determine  the  most  effective  balance 
among  the  different  types  of  manpower  it 
employs — scientific  and  professional,  tech- 
nical, skilled,  and  semi-skilled — in  order 
to  provide  for  efficient  and  economical 
operations  and  to  provide  for  the  further 
training  of  the  manpower  for  which  it  is 
responsible. 


*The  Council  will  be  able  to  carry  on  its 
work  for  two  more  years  as  a  result  of  a 
$280,000  grant  from  the  Ford  Foundation, 
announced  June   18.  m v 


Department  of  Labour  officials  examining  the  Department's  exhibit  that  will  be  on 
display  at  some  35  fairs  and  exhibitions  throughout  Canada  this  summer  and  fall. 
A.  W.  Crawford  (left),  Director,  Canadian  Vocational  Training,  explains  the  working 
of  the  display's  animated  centre  panel  to  Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  of  Labour, 
A.  H.  Brown,  Deputy  Minister,  and  J.  G.  Bisson,  Chief  Commissioner,  Unemployment 
Insurance  Commission.  The  display,  in  addition  to  its  main  theme,  Apprenticeship 
Training,  publicizes  the  various  functions  of  the  Department  and  of  the  Unemploy- 
ment Insurance  Commission.  Members  of  the  National  Employment  Service  and 
provincial  apprenticeship  experts  will  answer  queries  at  the  site  of  the  booth. 

National  Film  Board  Photo 


986 


7     **  .    I 

f  * 


r 


Technicians,   Scientists 
Scarce   in  Canada,   U.S. 

Despite  a  striking  growth  since  the 
Second  World  War  in  Canada's  strength 
in  scientific  and  professional  personnel,  such 
persons  will  continue  in  tight  supply  in  the 
forseeable  future,  according  to  the  results 
of  a  continuing  survey  of  Canadian  pro- 
fessional and  scientific  manpower  strength 
in  relation  to  present  and  future  require- 
ments. 

The  survey,  begun  in  1951  by  the 
Technical  Personnel  Section,  Economics 
and  Research  Branch,  Department  of 
Labour,  has  reached  the  stage  where  it  is 
beginning  to  provide  concrete  information. 

In  the  United  States,  it  has  recently 
been  announced,  the  great  need  for  man- 
power with  technical  knowledge  and 
specialized  skills  has  sharply  increased 
employment  opportunities  for  all  types  of 
technicians  and  has  created  shortages  in 
some  fields.  An  acute  shortage  of  drafts- 
men now  exists,  particularly  in  the  aircraft 
and  electronics  industries. 


Stresses   Need  for  More 
Canadian   Apprentices 

Industry  has  never  looked  upon  an 
apprentice  as  a  student;  it  is  forever  using 
apprenticeship  as  a  source  of  cheap  labour, 
S.  Blackwell  of  the  Ontario  Department  of 
Labour  told  a  Rotary  Club  at  Sault  Ste. 
Marie,  according  to  press  reports  of  the 
meeting. 

He  stressed  the  need  for  more  young 
Canadians  to  undergo  apprenticeship  train- 
ing so  that  they  will  be  able  to  handle  the 
country's  top  positions.  Too  many  of 
Canada's  good  jobs  are  going  to  immi- 
grants, he  said. 

"I  have  no  argument  or  quarrel  with  the 
Immigration  Department,"  he  added,  "but 
by  not  developing  our  own  tradesmen  we 
are  putting   our  young  men  on   the  spot." 

Newfoundland  Names 
Apprenticeship   Board 

The  members  of  Newfoundland's  Appren- 
ticeship Board  have  now  been  appointed, 
the  province's  Labour  Minister,  Hon.  C.  H. 
Ballam,  has  announced. 

The  Chairman  is  Dr.  G.  A.  Frecker. 
Employer  representatives  are  W.  D. 
McCarter,  J.  Roland  Broadbent  and 
Arthur  Rowe.  Employee  representative  is 
John  Gillingham. 

Frank  Templeman  represents  the  Depart- 
ment of  Education,  W.  J.  May  represents 
the  Department  of  Labour  and  will  serve 
as  Secretary  of  the  Board. 


TLC  Delegates   Approve 
SasUatchewan  Federation 

The  first  step  was  taken  recently  in  the 
formation  of  a  Saskatchewan  Federation  of 
Labour  when  78  delegates  representing  39 
unions  and  other  organizations  in  the  prov- 
ince affiliated  with  the  Trades  and  Labour 
Congress  of  Canada  met  at  a  conference  in 
Regina. 

Some  unions  had  already  approved  the 
formation  of  a  federation  and  had 
empowered  their  delegates  to  make 
commitments  on  their  behalf,  while  others 
sent  delegates  to  obtain  information.  The 
conference  went  on  record  as  approving  the 
formation  of  the  federation  and  the  indi- 
vidual delegates  pledged  their  support 
in  its  organization. 

In  comp^ance  with  the  draft  constitu- 
tion which  was  adopted  unanimously, 
election  of  the  following  officers  took  place : 
President,  Andrew  Tait,  Moose  Jaw;  First 
Vice-President,  Donald  Arnold,  Saskatoon; 
Secretary-Treasurer,  Edward  Osiowy, 
Regina.  Vice-Presidents  were  elected  on  a 
regional  basis  as  follows:  Prince  Albert, 
Len  Sleath;  Saskatoon,  Ken  Moore; 
Regina,  Vern  Metheral;  Moose  Jaw,  Hugh 
0.  Scott;  Civil  Service  Association, 
William  Browne. 

Clarence  Wyatt,  TLC  representative  in 
Saskatchewan,  was  appointed  Honorary 
Vice-President. 


Year's   Holidau   with   Pan 
Granted  in   U.S.  Contract 

A  year's  holiday  with  pay  after  ten 
years'  service  is  provided  in  an  agreement 
recently  signed  between  Local  1031,  Inter- 
national Brotherhood  of  Electrical  Workers 
(AFL),  and  Hedco  Manufacturing  Co., 
Chicago. 

Should  the  worker  decide  to  stay  on  the 
job  rather  than  take  the  year  off,  he  will 
receive  double  pay  for  the  full  year. 

As  the  company  was  founded  only  eight 
years  ago  and  moved  to  Chicago  only  two 
years  ago,  no  employee  is  immediately 
eligible   for    the   year-long   holiday. 

The  firm  has  no  pension  plan  or  bonus 
system  and  "a  year's  vacation  with  pay 
is  a  substitute,"  said  Paul  M.  Davidson, 
President  of  the  company. 

"It  will  boost  employee  morale,  reduce 
turnover  and  bring  in  new  workers  of  a 
high  calibre,"  he  said. 

The  unprecedented  provision  was  sug- 
gested by  Frank  Darling,  President  of  the 
local,  which  has  contracts  covering  34.000 
employees  in  65  Chicago  plants.  The 
provision  covers  158  workers. 


988 


CIO  Re-organizing  Staff, 
Reduces  Regional   Offices 

The  first  major  change  in  the  CIO's 
current  reorganization  of  field  staff  was 
made  recently  when  the  number  of  its 
regional  offices  in  the  United  States  was 
reduced  from  50  to  13. 

John  V.  Riffe,  Executive  Vice-President 
of  the  CIO,  announced  at  the  end  of  May 
that  the  Congress  will  either  close  or 
establish  sub-regional  offices  in  37  cities 
where  it  has  maintained  regional  offices  in 
the  past. 

He  also  reported  that  a  number  of 
organizers  from  the  national  CIO  have 
already  been  assigned  to  CIO  unions  in 
the  telephone,  electrical  and  chemical 
industries.  A  further  group  will  be  made 
available  for  an  organizing  drive  among 
textile  workers. 

Mr.  Riffe  said  the  field  staff  reorganiza- 
tion program  will  not  mean  lay-offs  or 
terminations  but  will  call  for  considerable 
shifting  of  assignments. 

"It  is  a  long-range  program,"  he  said, 
"and  will  not  be  completed  for  perhaps 
15  months  or  two  years.  By  that  time, 
we  believe  that  the  CIO  will  have  far  more 
men  available  for  organizing  than  it  has 
had  in  the  past. 

"Organizing  offices  will  be  set  up  from 
time  to  time  in  those  areas  where  major 
organizing  campaigns  are  being  conducted. 
When  a  campaign  is  concluded,  the  offices 
will  be  closed  and  the  organizing  staff 
re-assigned  to  other  organizing  activities 
in  other  areas. 

"It  will  be  the  policy  of  the  CIO  Depart- 
ment of  Organization  to  make  organizers 
available  to  the  various  affiliated  national 
unions  of  the  CIO  for  significant  organizing 
activities,"  he  said. 


UAW  and  IAM  Renew, 
Widen  No-Raiding  Pact 

An  agreement  recently  concluded  between 
the  United  Auto  Workers  (CIO)  and  the 
International  Association  of  Machinists 
(AFL)  renewed  a  four-year  no-raiding  pact 
between  the  two  unions  and  provided  for 
co-operation  in  collective  bargaining  and 
strikes.  The  new  pact  further  provides 
that  both  bodies  will  forgo  any  vitupera- 
tion  in   competitive   organizing   campaigns. 

The  two  union  presidents,  Walter  P. 
Reuther  of  the  UAW  and  Alan  J.  Hayes 
of  the  IAM,  have  called  the  agreement 
"virtually  unprecedented  in  American  labor 
history". 

The  agreement  provides  that  in  dealing 
with  corporations  that  have  multiple  plants 


organized  by  both  unions,  both  organiza- 
tions will  exchange  information  concerning 
plants,  locations,  contracts  and  wage  rates; 
will  convoke  joint-  conferences  to  be  held 
in  localities  and  on  dates  mutually  agreed 
upon  and  that  meetings  with  such  corpora- 
tions will  be  conducted  when  they  promise 
to  provide  the  "best  possible  results"  for 
the  members  of  both  unions. 

In  addition,  the  agreement  also  provides 
that  when  one  union  is  engaged  in  a  strike 
against  an  employer  by  whom  the  other 
union  is  also  recognized,  following  a  joint 
consultation  on  the  issues  involved,  each 
union  will  give  the  other  all  possible 
support  by  "joint  economic  action  against 
the  employer  wherever  possible".  Picket 
lines  are  to  be  respected  and  "all  lawful 
and  moral  support  and  assistance"  is  called 
for  in  the  pact.  The  non-striking  union 
also  agrees  not  to  make  any  settlement 
with  the  employer  which  would  in  any  way 
prejudice  the  position  of  the  striking  union. 

With  regard  to  organization  campaigns, 
the  contract  states  that  where  either  union 
has  50  per  cent  or  more  of  the  total  pro- 
duction and  maintenance  employees  of  a 
multiple  plant  concern  under  contract,  and 
the  other  union  has  none,  the  latter  will 
make  no  attempt  to  organize  the  workers, 
and  the  union  with  representation  will  be 
recognized  as  solely  responsible  for  com- 
pleting the  organizing  of  the  company's 
employees.  In  cases  where  both  unions 
are  competing  for  exclusive  bargaining 
rights,  they  agreed  that  their  campaigns 
should  be  conducted  on  an  ethical  plane 
that  did  not  bring  either  into  disrepute. 

Both  unions  have  agreed  that  it  will  be 
considered  a  serious  breach  of  good  faith 
and  ethical  practices  for  either  "to  use, 
directly  or  indirectly,  any  propaganda 
alleging  or  inferring  communism,  racketeer- 
ing, company  unionism,  back-door  dealing, 
racial  prejudice,  unwarranted  or  unnecessary 
strikes,  excessive  initiation  fees,  dues  or 
assessments  in  an  effort  to  discredit  the 
other  party  for  the  purpose  of  gaining 
organizational  advantages". 

In  industries  such  as  the  aircraft  indus- 
try, where  both  the  UAW  and  the  IAM 
have  organized  a  substantial  number  of 
the  workers,  it  was  agreed  that  joint 
committees  of  representatives  from  each 
union  should  be  appointed  to  co-ordinate 
collective  bargaining  procedures  and  rela- 
tionships. 


Thomas  McBurney,  organizer  and  first 
president  of  the  Toronto  Police  Union,  died 
June  15  in  a  Toronto  hospital  at  the  age 
of  66  years. 


989 


AFL  and  CIO  Leaders 
Sign  No-Raiding  Pact 

A  plan  designed  to  stop  union  raiding 
has  been  agreed  upon  by  the  leaders  of 
the  American  Federation  of  Labour  and 
the  Congress  of  Industrial  Organizations. 

Described  as  a  first  step  towards  organic 
unity  of  the  two  labour  groups,  the  plan 
will  go  into  effect  January  1,  1954,  if 
ratified,  and  will  run  for  two  years. 

The  agreement  will  ban  any  transfer  of 
or  attempt  to  transfer  a  recognized  group 
of  employees  from  one  federation  to  the 
other.  Unresolved  disputes  will  be  sub- 
mitted to  an  impartial  umpire  whose 
decision  will  be  final.  However,  no  dis- 
ciplinary measures  are  provided  for  non- 
compliance. 

Under  the  agreement,  a  group  of 
employees  dissatisfied  with  its  representa- 
tion can  go  over  to  a  union  in  the  other 
federation  only  by  negotiating  its  release. 
Otherwise,  the  receiving  union  will  be 
guilty  of  raiding. 


The  agreement  does  not  deal  with  juris- 
dictional disputes  or  with  rival  claims  to 
units  of  unorganized  employees.  Nor  will 
it  prevent  an  AFL  and  a  CIO  national  or 
international  union  from  negotiating  a 
merger. 

The  no-raiding  agreement  was  based 
largely  on  a  study  of  inter-federation 
raiding  in  1951  and  1952.  It  was  found 
there  had  been  1,245  raids  involving 
350,000  workers  during  that  period.  Only 
17  per  cent  of  these  raids  were  successful 
and  the  net  change  in  membership  was  a 
gain  of  only  8,000  for  the  AFL. 

At  a  joint  press  conference  June  2, 
George  Meany,  President  of  the  AFL,  and 
Walter  Reuther,  President  of  the  CIO, 
expressed  confidence  the  agreement  would 
be  adopted  by  all  member  unions.  It  is 
expected  that  the  executive  bodies  and  the 
conventions  of  both  organizations  will 
ratify  the  pact  when  they  meet  separately 
later  this  year. 


Col.  J.  G.  Bisson  (right),  Chief  Commissioner,  Unemployment  Insurance  Commis- 
sion, acting  on  behalf  of  the  International  Association  of  Personnel  in  Employment 
Security,  presents  to  Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  of  Labour,  the  Association's 
Citation  of  Merit.  The  IAPES,  which  embraces  employees  of  the  Canadian  Unem- 
ployment Insurance  Commission  and  the  employment  and  security  agencies  of  the 
United  States  and  other  countries,  periodically  honours  a  public  figure  who  has  made 
an  outstanding  contribution  in  the  employment  security  field.       (See  citation  opposite.) 

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991 


Construction   Industry 
Safety   Code   Ready   Soon 

The  National  Building  Code,  1953,  which 
will  be  published  shortly,  includes  for  the 
first  time  a  section  on  construction  safety 
measures.  This  section  (Part  8)  was  made 
available  recently  in  pamphlet  form  by  the 
Division  of  Building  Research  of  the 
National  Research  Council  of  Canada 
under  the  title  "A  Code  of  Construction 
Safety  Measures". 

The  safety  measures  outlined  in  this 
part  of  the  Code  constitute  minimum 
requirements  for  the  building  industry, 
provincial  and  municipal  authorities  and 
others  interested  in  construction  safety. 
Like  other  parts  of  the  National  Building 
Code,  this  part  is  not  legally  enforceable 
unless  adopted  as  legislation  by  the 
appropriate  provincial  or  municipal 
authorities. 

The  subjects  covered  in  the  Code  of 
Construction  Safety  Measures  include 
requirements  for  fencing  and  barricades 
when  building  operations  are  located  at  a 
street  line  or  within  seven  feet  of  the 
inside  line  of  a  sidewalk;  the  proper  main- 
tenance, handling  and  storing  of  materials; 
adequate  sanitary  and  first-aid  facilities, 
lighting,  heat  and  steam  supply  on  the 
location;  and  the  construction,  maintenance 
and  safe  operation  of  equipment.  Also 
included  are  detailed  specifications  for  the 
construction,  maintenance  and  repair  of 
hoists  and  elevators,  various  types  of 
scaffolds,  ladders,  temporary  flooring,  stairs 
and  ramps,  guardrails  and  toe  boards. 
Other  sections  of  the  Code  set  forth  the 
precautions  to  be  taken  in  excavation  and 
demolition  operations. 

Legal  standards  for  the  protection  of 
workers  employed  in  the  construction  in- 
dustry in  Canada  are  in  effect  in  some 
provinces.  The  Building  Trades  Protec- 
tion Acts  of  Ontario  and  Saskatchewan, 
and  regulations  made  under  the  Building 
Trades  Protection  Act  of  Manitoba,  lay 
down  rules  for  the  safety  of  persons 
engaged  in  the  erection,  alteration,  repair, 
improvement  or  demolition  of  a  building. 
The  Ontario  Act  requires  municipal  councils 
to  appoint  a  sufficient  number  of  inspectors 
to  enforce  the  provisions  of  the  Act  in  the 
municipality.  Under  the  Manitoba  and 
Saskatchewan  Acts  inspectors  may  be 
appointed  by  a  municipal  council,  or  by 
the  Public  Service  Commission  in  Saskat- 
chewan or  the  Department  of  Labour  in 
Manitoba. 

The  Accident  Prevention  Regulations 
made  by  the  Workmen's  Compensation 
Boards    of   Alberta,   British    Columbia    and 


Saskatchewan,  and  special  regulations  under 
the  Industrial  and  Commercial  Establish- 
ments Act  of  Quebec,  also  prescribe 
standards  for  the  safety  of  construction 
workers.  Additional  protection  for  this 
class  of  worker  in  Quebec  is  provided  for 
in  the  Scaffolding  Inspection  Act,  which 
requires  municipal  authorities  in  every  city 
or  town  within  the  limits  of  which  a  public 
building  is  being  built  or  altered  to  employ 
a  competent  person  to  inspect  scaffolding 
and  lifts  used  in  connection  with  buildings 
under  construction. 

In  Manitoba,  Ontario,  Quebec  and 
Saskatchewan,  municipal  councils  are 
authorized  to  make  by-laws  for  the 
regulation  and  inspection  of  construction 
operations. 


Williams   Quits  CCL  Post 
To  Succeed  Cotterill 

Jack  Williams,  Publicity  Director  of  the 
Canadian  Congress  of  Labour,  resigned  last 
month  to  take  a  similar  position  with  the 
Canadian  branch  of  the  United  Steel- 
workers  of  America  (CIO-CCL).  No 
replacement  has  yet  been  announced. 

Mr.  Williams  succeeds  Murray  Cotterill, 
recently  promoted  to  the  position  of 
personal  representative  in  Western  Canada 
of  C.  H.  Millard,  Canadian  Director  of  the 
Steelworkers. 

CCL  Publicity  Director  since  1946,  Mr. 
Williams  is  a  former  newspaperman  who 
had  worked  for  the  Canadian  Press  and 
the  St.  Catharines  Standard.  He  assumed 
his  new  duties  July  15. 

Mr.  Cotterill  served  seven  years  as 
President  of  the  60,000-member  Toronto 
and  Lakeshore  Labour  Council  (CCL).  In 
his  new  position,  he  will  be  responsible 
for  providing  additional  services  for  the 
union's  4,000  members  in  Manitoba, 
Saskatchewan,  Alberta  and  British 
Columbia.  A  member  of  the  Steelworkers 
for  the  past  12  years,  he  was  Director  of 
the  CCL  Political  Action  Committee  for 
three  years. 

To   Recruit  2,000   Men 
To   Aid   Ontario   Harvest 

Approximately  1,000  workers  are  being 
recruited  from  the  Maritime  Provinces  and 
another  1,000  from  the  Prairie  Provinces 
to  assist  in  general  farm  work,  haymaking 
and  harvesting  in  Ontario  this  year. 

Recruiting  was  carried  out  by  the 
National  Employment  Service  under  the 
Federal-Provincial  Farm  Labour  Agree- 
ments. 


992 


Steelworhers9   Director 
Of  District   6   Retires 

John  Mitchell,  Director  of  District  6, 
United  Stee'lworkers  of  America  (CIO- 
CCL),  retired  recently  and  was  succeeded 
by  Larry  Sefton  of  Hamilton. 

A  banquet  was  held  in  Toronto  in 
honour  of  the  70-year-old  union  leader  who 
spent  58  years  in  the  trade  union  move- 
ment. Guests  at  the  banquet  included 
A.  R.  Mosher,  President  of  the  Canadian 
Congress  of  Labour;  David  J.  McDonald, 
International  President  of  the  United  Steel- 
workers;  and  C.  H.  Millard,  the  union's 
director  in  Canada. 

District  6  includes  all  Canadian  territory 
under  USWA  jurisdiction  west  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Quebec  and  has  grown  from  an 
organization  of  5,000  members  to  50,000  in 
a  little  more  than  ten  years. 


Union  Leaders  Receive 
Honorary  L1L.D  Degrees 

The  heads  of  two  of  Canada's  major 
labour  organizations  and  the  President  of 
the  Congress  of  Industrial  Organizations 
were  among  the  23  recipients  of  honorary 
degrees  from  St.  Francis  Xavier  University, 
Antigonish,  N.S.,  July  6. 

The  23  were  honoured  for  their  con- 
tributions to  labour  education  and  co- 
operative and  credit  union  development. 

Percy  R.  Bengough,  President  of  the 
Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada; 
A.  R.  Mosher,  President  of  the  Canadian 
Congress  of  Labour;  and  Walter  Reuther, 
CIO  President,  were  among  those  receiving 
honorary  Doctor  of  Laws  degrees. 


Musicians  Re-elect 
Entire  Executive 

James  C.  Petrillo  was  re-elected  for  his 
14th  consecutive  term  as  President  of  the 
American  Federation  of  Musicians  of 
United  States  and  Canada  (AFL)  at  the 
union's  convention,  held  this  year  in 
Montreal.  He  was  unopposed  in  the 
election. 

All  other  members  of  the  international 
executive  were  returned  without  opposition. 
They  were:  C.  L.  Bagley,  Vice-President; 
Leo  Cluesmann,  Secretary;  Harry  J. 
Steeper,  Treasurer;  Herman  D.  Kenin, 
George  V.  Clancy,  Stanley  Ballard,  William 
Harris  and  Walter  M.  Murdoch,  board 
members. 

Board  Member  Murdoch  is  from  Toronto. 


Jo   Morris  New  President 
Of  Woodworkers  in  B.C. 

Stewart  Alsbury,  President  of  the 
B.C.  District  Council,  International  Wood- 
workers of  America  (CIO-CCL)  since  1948, 
has  been  defeated  in  his  attempt  to  gain 
re-election.  Victor  in  this  year's  biennial 
election   was  Joseph    Morris. 

The  results  of  the  election  has  been 
protested  because  of  "irregularities"  but 
the  Council  accepted  the  election  tabulat- 
ing committee's  report  and  confirmed  its 
findings. 

Other  officers  elected  were :  Vice- 
Presidents,  William  Gray,  Stuart  Hodgson 
and  Fred  Fieber;  Secretary-Treasurer, 
George  H.  Mitchell. 


Harry  Bridges  Regains 
U.S.   Citizenship 

By  a  4  to  3  ruling,  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court  has  thrown  out  the  perjury 
charges  against  Harry  Bridges,  President  of 
the  International  Longshoremen's  Union, 
and  ordered  his  citizenship  restored. 

Bridges  had  been  convicted  of  perjury 
in  1950  for  denying  in  his  citizenship  papers 
that  he  had  ever  been  a  Communist  and 
had  had  his  citizenship  revoked  in  addition 
to  being  sentenced  to  a  five-year  prison 
term.  The  Court  based  its  decision  upon 
the  fact  that  the  three-year  statute  of 
limitations  had  expired  when  the  Govern- 
ment brought  the  perjury  action  in  May 
1949. 

In  its  June  15  decision,  the  Court  did 
not  go  into  the  question  of  whether  the 
Australian-born  labour  leader  had  any  ties 
with  the  Communists. 


Union  Security   Clauses 
In  Many   U.S.   Contracts 

Some  form  of  compulsory  union  mem- 
bership was  provided  for  in  three-quarters 
of  1,653  contracts  in  effect  in  the  United 
States  in  1952. 

In  a  survey  of  these  contracts  the  Bureau 
of  Labor  Statistics  found  that  63  per  cent 
had  union  shop  clauses  and  12  per  cent 
had  maintenance  of  membership  clauses. 
Only  25  per  cent  had  no  union  security 
clause. 

A  similar  analysis  of  602  contracts  made 
by  the  National  Industrial  Conference 
Board  revealed  that  34  per  cent  of  these 
had  union  security  clauses.  Another  12 
per  cent  called  for  modified  forms  of  the 
union  shop  and  20  per  cent  had  mainten- 
ance of  membership  clauses.  There  was 
no  union  security  clause  in  34  per  cent  of 
the  602  contracts. 


75802—3J 


993 


I7.S.   Average   WorU   WeeU 
Increases   Hour  in  Year 

The  average  work  week  for  production 
workers  in  manufacturing  in  the  United 
States  was  40-8  hours  in  mid-April,  an 
hour  longer  than  a  year  earlier,  the  United 
States  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  has 
reported.  Factory  hours  were  virtually 
equal  to  the  post-war  peak  for  the  month 
of  April,  reached  in  1951. 

A  relatively  long  work  week  has  been 
maintained  since  last  fall,  accompanying 
the  continued  expansion  of  industrial 
activity. 

(For  a  report  on  average  working  hours 
in  Canadian  manufacturing,  see  "Standard 
Work  Week  in  Canadian  Manufacturing, 
1952",  Labour  Gazette,  June,  p.  838.) 


Que.   Employers9   Group 
Establishes  8th  Local 

The  eighth  local  of  the  Professional 
Association  of  Industrialists  (API),  an 
employers'  organization  in  the  province 
of  Quebec,  was  recently  established  in 
St.  Jerome.  The  API  now  has  some  450 
members  in  its  eight  locals. 

The  new  Laurentides  local  is  the  second 
to  be  formed  this  year,  which  marks  the 
tenth  anniversary  of  the  Association.  A 
ninth  local  is  soon  to  be  added,  in  the 
Beauce  counties. 

Marc  Rolland,  Vice-President  of  the 
Rolland  Paper  Company.  Ltd,  was  elected 
President  of  the  Laurentides  local. 


Leftists   Claim   Program 
Will   Unite   All   Labour 

Five  independent  labour  unions,  includ- 
ing three  expelled  from  the  Canadian 
Congress  of  Labour  on  charges  of 
Communist  domination,  have  approved  a 
program  which,  they  claim,  will  have  the 
support  of  all  Canadian  labour  and  will 
thus  serve  as  a  means  of  uniting  the 
Canadian  labour  movement. 

The  program  was  approved  by  more  than 
400  delegates  attending  a  convention  in 
Hamilton,  Ont.,  June  13  of  the  Interna- 
tional Union  of  Mine,  Mill  and  Smelter 
Workers;  the  United  Electrical,  Radio  and 
Machine  Workers  of  America;  the  Inter- 
national Fur  and  Leather  Workers  Union 
of  the  United  States  and  Canada ;  the 
Canadian  Textile  Council  and  the  Cana- 
dian  Garment  Workers  Union. 

Earlier  the  convention  had  been  told  that 
"there  are  too  many  trade  union  centres 
in  Canada"  and  that  "Canada  is  the  only 


sovereign  country  in  the  world  with  a  trade 
union  movement  that  is  subordinate  to  a 
head  office  in  a  foreign  country". 

The  program  called  for  expansion  of 
Canada's  home  markets,  immediate  peace 
in  Korea  to  create  trade  and  jobs,  an 
increase  in  social  security  measures  along 
with  a  national  housing  plan  for  150,000 
homes  each  year,  a  bill  of  rights  and 
legislation    against    "anti-labour    actions". 


1 953   Edition   of   "Canada" 
Ready   for  Distribution 

The  1953  edition  of  the  official  handbook 
Canada  is  available  for  distribution. 

The  handbook,  begun  in  1930  to  supple- 
ment the  field  of  the  Canada  Year  Book, 
is  of  convenient  pocket  size  and  contains 
up-to-date  official  information  on  all  phases 
of  Canada's  economic  organization. 

The  1953  edition  contains  more  than  300 
pages  of  text,  201  black  and  white  illus- 
trations and  eight  coloured  plates.  Chapter 
material  includes  population  and  vital 
statistics,  education,  scientific  research, 
social  and  cultural  relationships,  national 
income,  agriculture,  forestry,  mines  and 
minerals,  water  power,  fisheries,  furs,  manu- 
factures, construction,  labour,  transporta- 
tion and  communications,  domestic  and 
foreign  trade,  public  finance,  banking  and 
insurance. 

Orders  for  the  handbook,  which  is  priced 
at  25  cents,  should  be  sent  to  the  Queen's 
Printer,  Ottawa. 


Provincial   Govt.   Decrees 
5-day   WeeU   in  St.   John's 

By  order  of  the  Newfoundland  provincial 
government,  the  five-day  week  has  been 
introduced  for  St.  John's,  the  provincial 
capital.  The  new  work  week  will  apply 
to  retail  stores,  general  business  houses 
and  to  the  provincial  service.  It  is  reported 
that  the  present  work  week  grew  from  a 
demand  by  some  sections  of  the  community 
to  change  the  mid-week  holiday  from 
Wednesday  to  Saturday. 

92,000   U.S.   Rail   Worhers 
Aged   Over   65   in   1951 

Railroad  workers  in  the  United  States 
who  were  65  years  of  age  and  over 
numbered  92,300  in  1951,  according  to 
figures  published  recently  by  the  Railroad 
Retirement  Board.  They  constituted  4-5 
per  cent  of  the  railroad  labour  force. 

In  1939  railroad  workers  in  the  65-and- 
over  age  group  numbered  46.800,  or  2-8 
per  cent  of  the  total  force. 


994 


I  .    of   T.   Establishes  Fund 
For  Social   Work   Research 

In  order  to  facilitate  increased  research 
in  the  field  of  social  welfare  and  social 
work,  the  University  of  Toronto  has  estab- 
lished the  Cassidy  Research  Professorship 
in  memory  of  the  late  Harry  M.  Cassidy, 
Director  of  the  School  of  Social  Work  at 
the  university  from  1945  to  1951.  The 
professorship  may  be  held  for  one  year  by 
the  successful  candidate  and  the  first 
appointment  will  be  made  for  the  academic 
year  1952-53  or  1954-55. 

The  School  of  Social  Work  has  indicated 
that  there  is  a  need  for  increased  knowl- 
edge on  such  matters  as  unemployment, 
physical  handicaps,  sickness  disability, 
delinquency,  dependent  old  age,  housing 
and  other  problems  of  an  industrial  society. 
In  addition,  the  faculty  of  the  School  has 
pointed  out  that  increased  research  is 
necessary  in  such  fields  as  social  policy,  the 
economics  of  welfare  measures,  the  admin- 
istration of  welfare  projects,  the  methods 
employed  in  carrying  out  such  measures  and 
the  expansion  of  social  work  education. 


The  Board  said  that  after  the  Taft- 
Hartley  Law  of  1947  had  outlawed  the 
closed  shop,  the  union  had  insisted  on 
certain  "conditions"  without  a  conventional 
contract  and  later  had  demanded  con- 
tracts which  could  be  cancelled  on  60  days' 
notice.  Both  these  practices,  said  the 
Board,  were  illegal. 

In  its  present  order,  the  board  stated: 
"We  have  ample  reason  presently  to 
believe  that  this  disposition  still  exists. 
For,  notwithstanding  the  union's  asserted 
'discontinuance'  of  the  bargaining  strategy 
here  found  specifically  unlawful,  the  very 
same  'closed  shop'  policy  it  was  designed 
to  implement  still  forms  an  essential  part 
of  the  aims  of  the  union,  as  expressed  in 
its  general  laws. 

"We  cannot  but  reasonably  infer,  there- 
fore, that  it  is  possible,  if  not  highly  prob- 
able, that  the  respondents  (the  union  and 
its  officers)  may  resort  to  other  devices  to 
effectuate  their  'closed  shop'  objectives  in 
future  negotiations  with  employers  in  the 
industry,  unless  effectively  restrained." 


A  research  program  to  find  out  "the 
extent  to  which  management  in  industry  is 
handling  the  problems  of  human  relation- 
ships" is  to  be  set  up  at  McGill  University. 

The  university's  Department  of  Psychiatry 
and  School  of  Social  Work  will  co-operate 
in  the  program. 


Labour  Board   Tells   ITU 
To   Bargain  in   Good   Faith 

The  National  Labour  Relations  Board  in 
the  United  States  has  ordered  the  Inter- 
national Typographical  Union  (AFL)  to 
bargain  in  good  faith,  thus  putting  an  end 
to  the  case  of  complaint  brought  against 
the  union  five  and  a  half  years  ago 
by  the  American  Newspaper  Publishers 
Association. 

The  order  directs  the  union  to  cease 
evading  the  obligation  to  bargain  in  good 
faith  "not  only  by  devices  designed  to 
establish  unlawful  closed  shop  conditions, 
but  also  by  any  means  tending  to  interfere 
with  the  establishment  of  genuine  collective 
bargaining  on  a  basis  of  mutuality".  It 
applies  to  the  union's  bargaining  relation- 
ships throughout  the  entire  newspaper 
industry  in  the  United  States. 

In  issuing  its  order,  the  Board  said: 
"The  records  of  the  ITU  cases,  including 
this  one,  indicate  strongly  the  respondents' 
disposition  to  use  the  bargaining  table  as 
a  means  of  obtaining  'closed  shop'  condi- 
tions by  one  device  or  another." 


U.K.   Industrial   Relations 
Handbook   is  Published 

Publication  of  a  new  edition  of  Indus- 
trial Relations  Handbook  is  announced  by 
the  United  Kingdom  Ministry  of  Labour 
and  National  Service. 

The  Handbook  contains  information  on 
the  organization  of  employers  and  workers 
in  Great  Britain,  collective  bargaining  and 
joint  negotiating  machinery,  conciliation 
and  arbitration,  statutory  wage  negotiation, 
joint  consultation  and  personnel  manage- 
ment, holidays  with  pay,  hours  of  labour 
and  overtime  rates,  systems  of  wage  pay- 
ment and  incentive  schemes,  and  the 
International  Labour  Organization. 

Copies  of  the  Handbook  are  available 
from  the  United  Kingdom  Information 
Office,  275  Albert  Street,  Ottawa,  at  a 
charge  of  $1.15  per  copy. 


Israeli  Labour  Body 
Affiliates  with   ICFTU 

Histadrut,  the  General  Federation  of 
Labour  in  Israel,  has  recently  decided  to 
become  affiliated  with  the  International 
Confederation  of  Free  Trade  Unions.  The 
Israeli  Federation  withdrew  from  the 
Communist-dominated  World  Federation 
of  Trade  Unions  several  years  ago  but  did 
not  immediately  join  the  anti-Communist 
ICFTU. 


995 


The  82nd  Annual  Meeting  of  the 
Canadian  Manufacturers'  Association 

Guaranteed  annual  wage  discussed  by  two  speakers  at  session  of  panel 
on  employer-employee  relations.  Manpower  problems  and  writing  of 
labour   contracts    also   speech  topics.    Officers  for   1953-54    elected 


More  than  1,200  industrialists  from  all 
parts  of  Canada  attended  the  82nd  annual 
meeting  of  the  Canadian  Manufacturers' 
Association  at  Toronto,  May  27-29. 

The  three-day  session  took  the  form  of 
separate  conferences,  conducted  concur- 
rently, under  the  headings:  employer- 
employee  relations,  economic  conditions, 
transportation,  scientific  and  industrial 
research,  industrial  development  and  natural 
resources,  industrial  design,  fire  protection, 
highway  safety  and  education. 

Of  outstanding  interest  at  the  employer- 
employee  relations  conference  was  the 
discussion  on  the  complexities  of  the 
guaranteed  annual  wage.  Also  discussed  at 
the  conference  were  "Some  do's  and  don'ts 
of  writing  the  labour  contract"  and  "Some 
manpower  problems  in  an  expanding 
economy — looking  ahead  ten  years". 
Because  of  the  importance  of  the  subject 
at  the  present  time,  the  discussion  on  the 
guaranteed  annual  wage  is  dealt  with  in 
most  detail  in  this  report. 

CMA  president  for  1953-54  is  J.  Douglas 
Ferguson,  Vice-President  and  Managing 
Director,  Spencer  Supports  (Canada),  Ltd., 
Rock  Island,  Que.  He  succeeds  G.  K. 
Sheils,  of  Toronto,  who  was  named 
General  Manager  of  the  Association  upon 
the  retirement  of  John  T.  Stirrett.     Vice- 


presidents  are  J.  A.  Calder,  Director  and 
Secretary,  Imperial  Tobacco  Co.  of  Canada, 
Limited,  Montreal,  and  T.  A.  Rice,  Vice- 
President  in  charge  of  production  at  tht 
International  Harvester  Company,  Ham- 
ilton, Ont. 

Optimism  was  expressed  by  the  President. 
A  curtailment  or  cancellation  of  defence 
orders  would  not,  he  thought,  be  harmful 
to  Canada's  expanding  economy.  Although 
there  would  necessarily  be  some  readjust- 
ments, with  some  local  and  temporary 
cutbacks  in  output  and  employment,  the 
end  result,  he  felt,  would  be  beneficial. 

About  45  per  cent  of  federal  tax  revenues 
is  earmarked  for  defence  purposes,  he  said. 
Given  a  reasonable  cutback  in  taxes  in 
relation  to  the  reduction  in  defence  orders, 
the  relief  thus  granted  would  enable  the 
consumer  taxpayer  to  increase  his  purchases 
over  a  wider  range  of  Canadian  products 
and  leave  the  manufacturer  with  more 
funds  for  the  expansion  and  modernization 
of  plant  and  equipment.  These  two  factors, 
said  Mr.  Sheils,  "will  work  together  to 
more  than  offset  any  decline  in  total  busi- 
ness and  employment  caused  by  the 
cancellation  of  the  war  contracts". 

Increased  membership  was  reported  by 
the  General  Manager;  at  April  30  the 
total  was  6,891. 


Employer-Employee  Relations  Panel 


Guaranteed  Wages 

One  of  the  most  important  features  of 
collective  bargaining  in  the  next  few  years 
will  be  the  question  of  the  guaranteed 
wage,  the  panel  chariman,  R.  F.  Hinton, 
said  in  leading  off  the  discussion.  Mr. 
Hinton  is  Industrial  Relations  and  Per- 
sonnel Manager,  Shell  Oil  Co.  of  Canada, 
Limited.  The  automobile  and  steel  unions 
have  already  served  notice  of  their  inten- 
tions, he  said. 

He  then  introduced,  as  "two  students  of 
the  subject  who,  from  their  knowledge, 
would  be  able  to  provide  useful  informa- 
tion and  so  help  in  clarifying  thinking" 
on    the    guaranteed   wage,   Dr.    Carroll    E. 


French,  Director,  Industrial  Relations 
Counsellors,  Inc.,  and  Leo  Teplow,  Indus- 
trial Relations  Consultant,  both  of  New 
York.  Dr.  French  dealt  with  the  general 
aspect,  outlining  some  of  the  problems 
involved,  and  Mr.  Teplow  with  the  problem 
from  the  viewpoint  of  the  individual 
company. 

Dr.  Carroll  E.  French 

Labour's  demand  today  for  a  guaranteed 
annual  wage  must  be  regarded  as  a  serious 
concerted  drive  and  not  just  a  bargaining 
tactic,  stated  Dr.  French. 

"The  United  Steelworkers  of  America  at 
their  annual  convention  in  April  approved 


996 


the  guaranteed  annual  wage  as  one  of  their 
primary  objectives,"  he  said. 

"The  contracts  of  the  United  Automobile 
Workers  (CIO)  with  the  major  automobile 
manufacturers  are  not  scheduled  to  expire 
until  1955  but  the  UAW  already  has 
announced  that  it  will  seek  the  guaranteed 
annual  wage  for  its  1,350,000  members.  .  . 

"The  International  Union  of  Electrical, 
Radio  and  Machine  Workers  (CIO)  in- 
cludes the  guaranteed  annual  wage  in  the 
outline  of  its  1953  collective  bargaining 
objectives.  .  . 

"It  is  quite  clear  that  employers  in  the 
United  States  are  not  being  singled  out  for 
exclusive  attention,"  Dr.  French  added. 

Collective  bargaining  contracts  incor- 
porating guaranteed  annual  wage  provisions 
are  already  being  signed,  said  the  speaker. 
"The  International  Longshoremen's  Asso- 
ciation (AFL)  has  secured  agreement  from 
the  Franklin  Sugar  Refinery  in  Philadelphia 
for  a  guaranteed  annual  wage  amounting 
to  1,976  hours'  pay  per  year,  or  slightly 
more  than  49  weeks'  pay.  The  same 
guarantee  is  included  in  another  recent 
agreement  by  the  National  Sugar  Refining 
Company  and  the  AFL  longshoremen. 
This  year  the  United  Packinghouse 
Workers  (CIO)  negotiated  an  annual  wage 
plan  with  the  Revere  Sugar  Company  and 
with  the  National  Sugar  Refining  Company 
providing  guarantees  of  1,900  hours  and 
1,936  hours,  respectively.  The  Independent 
Union  of  Electrical  Workers,  the  National 
Maritime  Union  (CIO),  the  Textile 
Workers  Union  of  America  (CIO)  and  the 
AFL  Teamsters  Union  have  all  recently 
negotiated  some  contracts  providing  for 
some  form  of  the  guaranteed  annual  wage." 

Wage  Guarantee  Takes  Various  Forms 

The  guaranteed  annual  wage,  said  Dr. 
French,  comes  in  various  forms  and  over 
the  years  has  taken  a  number  of  different 
aspects.  Basically,  it  is  a  question  of  a 
guarantee  to  workers  of  a  specific  number 
of  weeks'  pay  or  work  per  year. 

The  movement  for  greater  security  of 
employee  income  on  an  annual  basis,  he 
said,  has  developed  along  three  general 
lines:  (1)  the  traditional  plans  of  com- 
panies pioneering  in  this  field,  adopted 
after  years  of  management  planning 
devoted  to  stabilizing  sales  and  production 
schedules:  (2)  the  guaranteed  annual  wage 
in  terms  of  a  specified  number  of  weeks' 
work  per  year — the  form  originally  advo- 
cated by  the  trade  unions;  and  (3)  the 
more  recent  form  of  supplementing  unem- 
ployment compensation  benefits  from  a 
fund  contributed  entirely  by  the  employer. 


Speaking  of  "the  deep-seated  and  funda- 
mental urge  for  continuity  and  security  of 
earnings,"  Dr.  French  said: — 

Whatever  form  the  pressure  for  this 
particular  type  of  economic  security  may 
take,  it  would  be  a  serious  error  for 
employers  to  assume  that  this  issue  can  be 
easily  met  or  turned  aside  simply  by  out- 
right opposition.  The  need  for  assurance  of 
continued  employment  and  of  uninterrupted 
income  is  the  central  strand  in  the  basic 
human  desire  for  security  and  is  one  that 
is  shared  by ,  all  of  us,  regardless  of  our 
earnings  level.  The  very  term  "guaranteed 
annual  wage"  has  a  deep-rooted  appeal.  It 
implies  the  same  kind  of  security  of  status 
as  that  theoretically  enjoyed  by  salaried 
employees.  .  .  It  also  suggests  security 
against  the  impact  of  business  recessions  or 
the  economic  cycle. 

Actually,  the  objective  of  steady  work  and 
steady  pay  the  year  around  is  one  that 
should  be  and  is  widely  shared  by  employers, 
unions  and  employees.  There  is  no  disagree- 
ment between  management  and  unions  as  to 
the  desirability  for  companies  to  provide  the 
maximum  in  continuity  of  work  and  pay  and 
that  optimum  achievement  of  this  result  is 
advantageous  for  everyone  concerned.  The 
problem  is  how  to  accomplish  it.  Practically, 
the  successful  solution  can  only  be  accom- 
plished through  an  expanding  economy  and 
an  efficient  management.  On  this  point, 
George  A.  Hormel  and  Company,  in  com- 
menting on  its  widely-publicized  plan  of 
guaranteed  employment,  made  this  statement 
in  March  1950:  "Our  people  have  as  much 
security  as  we  can  possibly  give  them  but 
none  of  this  security  is  contractual  security. 
All  of  the  security  depends  on  earnings.  .  .  . 
The  only  guarantee  we  know  of  is  the  ability 
of  management  to  manage,  coupled  with  the 
willingness  of  workers  to  work.  If  either 
fails,  then  the  guarantee  fails. 

It  is,  however,  generally  realized,  the 
speaker  continued,  that  an  individual  com- 
pany management,  no  matter  how  efficient, 
is  definitely  limited  as  to  what  it  can  do. 

All  the  relevant  factors  are  not  within 
the  control  of  an  individual  management. 
The  difficulty  is  that  the  guaranteed  annual 
wage  is  not  a  demand  that  can  be  easily 
disposed  of  by  exposing  its  impracticability 
and  hazards.  That  it  is  not  economically 
feasible,  that  it  cannot  possibly  prevent 
cyclical  depressions,  that  few  companies  can 
prudently  afford  to  make  a  guarantee — such 
arguments  will  not  carry  very  much  weight 
so  long  as  the  drive  for  security  generates 
a  conviction  that  the  guaranteed  annual  wage 
can  and  will  accomplish  these  desirable  goals. 

The  real  danger  lies  in  being  forced  to 
make  contract  commitments  involving 
promises  beyond  the  control  of  either  labour 
or  management  to  fulfil.  Such  a  state  of 
affairs  could  only  lead  to  disillusionment, 
serious  injury  to  employee  relations  and,  in 
the  end,  to  possible  financial  difficulty  or 
even  bankruptcy. 

Any  formal  wage  guarantee,  Dr.  French 
said,  should  not  be  approached  without 
adequate  preparation  and  due  caution. 
Industry  should  not  be  led  to  believe  that 


997 


the  guaranteed  annual  wage  is  inevitable 
because  some  managements  are  compelled 
by  the  vehemence  of  labour's  demands 
coupled  with  overwhelming  economic  power 
to  grant  the  demand,  he  said. 

Important   Considerations 

A  study  of  the  nature  of  organized 
labour's  demands  and  recent  trends  in 
collective  bargaining,  and  a  facing-up  to  the 
realities  with  respect  to  guaranteeing 
annual  pay  regardless  of  ability  to  assure 
work,  said  the  speaker,  points  up  certain 
considerations  which  should  be  borne  in 
mind  in  approaching  this  particular  issue 
of  labour-management  relations: — 

1.  The  demand  for  the  guaranteed  annual 
wage  now  comes  at  a  time  when  the 
prospects  for  substantial  wage  increases 
appear  to  be  diminishing. 

2.  This  particular  issue  confronts  industry 
with  a  new  and  more  formidable  fringe 
demand,  which  is  far  more  costly  and  from 
which,  once  granted,  any  return  will  be 
extremely  difficult  if  not  impossible. 

3.  It  involves  a  request  for  contract 
commitments  in  areas  over  which  the  control 
of  the  employer  is  extremely  limited. 

4.  There  is  real  danger  that  having  once 
made  concessions  on  a  minimum  basis  a 
precedent  is  set  for  further  bargaining  to 
augment  and  liberalize  the  original  con- 
cessions. 

5.  Formal  contract  negotiations  in  this 
critical  area  could  well  open  the  way  to 
demands  for  joint  union-management  action 
in  vital  areas  of  management  functions,  such 
as,  sales,  plant  expansion,  subcontracting, 
production  schedules,  etc. 

The  most  important  consideration  for 
management  to  keep  in  mind,  added  Dr. 
French,  is  that  the  achievement  of  steady 
work  and  steady  pay  is  a  desirable  objec- 
tive and  that  responsibility  for  maximum 
achievement  of  income  security  for  their 
employees  is  one  that  it  should  be  entirely 
willing  to  accept. 

Achievements   Already   Gained 

Fringe  benefit  programs,  said  the  speaker, 
have  already  reached  sizable  proportions. 
A  survey  of  such  benefits  made  by  Indus- 
trial Relations  Counsellors,  Inc.,  in  1949, 
covering  59  companies,  disclosed  that  the 
cost  of  the  normal  package  of  fringe 
benefits  amounted  to  26-8  cents  per  hour 
and  17  per  cent  of  the  payroll.  The  annual 
cost  per  employee  amounted  to  $602.  The 
Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  United 
States  in  a  similar  survey  covering  736 
companies  in  1951  found  that  fringe  bene- 
fits amounted  on  the  average  to  31-5  cents 
per  payroll  hour  or  18-7  per  cent  of  the 
payroll. 


The  guaranteed  annual  wage,  in  terms  of 
potential  addition  to  payroll  cost,  could 
well  be  the  largest  and  most  costly  fringe 
benefit  yet  and,  as  with  all  fringe  benefits, 
would  constitute  a  permanent  and  inescap- 
able fixed  charge,  Dr.  French  said. 

A  Constructive  Management  Approach 

Exigencies  of  the  times,  said  Dr.  French, 
must  not  obscure  the  fact  that  manage- 
ment has  very  real  and  definite  responsi- 
bility in  the  whole  field  of  job  security, 
steady  work  and  steady  pay.  "Acceptance 
of  this  responsibility  is  not  only  good 
employee  relations,  it  is  good  business,"  he 
emphasized. 

Increased  assurance  of  employee  earn- 
ings on  an  annual  basis,  he  felt,  would 
logically  follow  rather  than  precede  efforts 
of  management  in  this  direction.  "The 
mere  guarantee  of  wages  can  assure 
nothing  and  may,  on  the  contrary,  create 
dangerous  illusions  and  serious  economic 
consequences." 

Management,  he  said,  should  ask  them- 
selves the  following  questions  as  they  face 
the  "critical"  problems  raised  by  organized 
labour's  drive  for  the  guaranteed  annual 
wage: — 

1.  Is  the  provision  of  steady  employment 
on  a  year-round  basis  accepted  as  a 
deliberate  and  announced  objective  of  com- 
pany policy?  If  not,  and  if  employees  are 
without  information  as  to  the  company's 
position  in  this  important  respect,  manage- 
ments are  inadequately  prepared  to  meet 
the  issues  raised  by  demands  for  the 
guaranteed  annual  wage. 

2.  Do  managements  have  the  facts  and 
statistical  information  to  enable  them  to 
answer  the  question,  "How  much  steady 
work  are  we  giving  each  year  to  what 
percentage  of  our  employees?"  Do  the 
employees  know  how  much  of  lost  time  and 
lost  earnings  is  the  fault  of  themselves, 
rather    than    of    the    company? 

3.  Do  employees  of  the  individual  company 
know  what  the  management  has  actually 
done  so  far  in  its  efforts  to  provide  steady 
work  throughout  the  year? 

4.  Are  employees  and  their  union  repre- 
sentatives adequately  informed  as  to  the 
obstacles  and  difficulties  in  providing 
maximum  work  opportunity,  the  limitations 
imposed  by  the  market  place,  as  well  as 
collective  bargaining  contract  provisions  and 
union  imposed  restrictions,  and  the  extent 
and  weight  of  the  factors  affecting  steady 
work  and  steady  pay  over  which  individual 
company  managements  have  little  or  no 
control  ? 

"Certainly,"  Dr.  French  concluded,  "there 
is  no  time  to  lose  in  realistic  examination 
of  company  policies  in  this  important  area. 
The  impending  drive  for  the  guaranteed 
annual  wage  underlines  the  importance  of 
giving  high  priority  to  this  critical  area  of 
labour-management  relations." 


998 


'Modified  Guaranteed  Wage"  Suggested  by  Father  Bouvier 


In  a  pamphlet  analysing  the  guar- 
anteed wage,*  Rev.  Emile  Bouvier,  SJ, 
puts  forward  a  modified  plan  which 
would  assure  the  worker  of  three- 
quarters  of  his  annual  income.  This 
income  would  come  from  the  Unem- 
ployment Insurance  Fund  and  from  a 
guaranteed  wage  fund  to  which 
employers,  workers  and  the  state  would 
contribute. 

The  author,  who  specifies  that  he 
meant  to  suggest  a  trend  of  thought 
rather  than  a  concrete  policy  based  on 
actuarial  data,  was  for  many  years 
Director  of  the  Industrial  Relations 
Division  of  the  University  of  Montreal. 

Father  Bouvier's  "Modified  Guar- 
teed  Wage"  formula  presupposes  the 
integration  of  fiscal,  full  employment 
and  health  insurance  policies  in  a 
combined  plan.  It  implies  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Government's  fiscal  policy 
towards  full  employment.  The  author 
adds  that  this  step  should  be  adapted 
to  an  unemployment  insurance  plan  and 
to  a  scale  of  tax  exemptions  for  the 
employer  who  assumes  this  guarantee. 

Father  Bouvier  gives  the  following 
interpretation  of  a  modified  guaranteed 
wage: — 

Without  going  into  the  details  of  a 
number  of  possible  plans  of  integration, 
we  would  suggest  that  the  employer 
guarantee  a  weekly  basic  wage  for  one 
year.  In  the  event  of  unemployment, 
the  employer  would  pay  the  difference 
between  the  unemployment  benefit,  which 
would    have    to    be    increased,    and    the 


guaranteed  wage.  The  employer  will  then 
be  greatly  interested  in  stabilizing  pro- 
duction and  unemployment  insurance  will 
be  more  efficient  and  productive.  The 
guaranteed  wage  complemented  by  unem- 
ployment insurance  should  not  exceed 
two-thirds  or  three-quarters  of  the  full 
wage.  The  difference  between  the  wage 
and  the  unemployment  benefits  would  be 
paid  out  of  a  tripartite  contributions 
fund  which,  in  the  employer's  and 
worker's  cases,  would  be  tax-exempt.  The 
annual  guaranteed  wage  thus  modified 
should  be  small  at  first  and  expand  in 
relation  with  the  size  of  the  reserve  fund. 

A  worker  who  regularly  earns  $50  per 
week  would  thus  receive  while  unem- 
ployed about  $37.50,  part  of  which  would 
come  from  unemployment  insurance  and 
part  from  the  guarantee  fund. 

Father  Bouvier  explains  that  "this 
step  is  not  drawn  solely  from  an 
economic  computation  of  a  better  social 
efficiency,  but  it  proceeds  primarily  from 
a  social  justice  duty  which  should  cause 
the  employers,  the  workers  and  the 
Government  to  examine  carefully  the 
application  of  a  guaranteed  wage  plan 
with  a  view  to  allaying  the  fears  the 
worker  may  have  about  the  future". 

Besides  suggesting  this  modified  guar- 
anteed wage  plan,  Father  Bouvier 
analyses  in  his  pamphlet  the  nature, 
features  and  application  of  the  guar- 
anteed wage,  examines  the  arguments 
submitted  in  favour  and  against  the 
guaranteed  wage  from  the  point  of  view 
of  business,  industry  and  economics,  and 
studies  the  moral  aspect  of  the  problem. 


*Bouvier,    Emile. — Le    salaire    annuel    garanti,    Collection    "Relations",    No.    4,    1953, 
Editions  Bellarmin,  Montreal. 


Leo  Teplow 

In  view  of  the  concerted  drive  now  being 
made  by  a  number  of  major  labour  unions 
with  locals  in  both  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  many  an  employer  on  both  sides 
of  the  border  will  find  himself  faced  with 
a  demand  for  the  guaranteed  annual  wage 
within  the  next  year  or  two,  Leo  Teplow 
said,  discussing  the  problem  from  the  view- 
point of  the  individual  company. 

Whether  it  be,  he  said,  the  traditional 
demand  for  a  guarantee  of  2,000  or  more 
hours'  pay  for  every  employee — a  type  of 
guarantee  which  is  still  being  negotiated 
in  some  cases — or  the  more  recent  version, 
which  is  actually  private  supplementation 
of  unemployment  compensation  benefits, 
the  employer  faces  grave  risks:  financial 
risks,     risks     affecting     his     retention     of 


management  functions,  and  risks  to  the 
preservation  of  the  present  system  of 
unemployment  compensation  in  both  the 
United  States  and  Canada. 

He  continued: — 

The  financial  risk  of  an  outright  guarantee 
of  annual  wages  is  likely  to  be  too  extensive 
for  most  companies  to  undertake  so  far  as 
a  majority  of  their  employees  are  concerned. 
Private  supplementation  of  unemployment 
compensation  benefits  is  also  likely  to  be  a 
very  serious  commitment  in  the  long  run, 
even  though  it  may  start  as  a  limited  con- 
tribution of  just  a  few  cents  per  hour  per 
employee  to  a  guarantee  fund. 

Even  more  dangerous  is  the  type  of 
guarantee  reported  to  have  been  negotiated 
recently,  which  provides  for  payment  of  2,000 
hours  during  the  year  to  a  majority  of  the 
employees,  as  a  part  of  a  five-year  contract. 
Since  few  companies  can  support  a  12-month 
guarantee    if    there    is    no    work    for    their 


999 


employees,  the  companies  that  can  make  a 
valid  guarantee  over  a  five-year  period  must 
be  very  rare  indeed. 

The  most  specific  demand  for  the 
guaranteed  annual  wage  in  the  form  of 
unemployment  insurance  supplementation, 
said  Mr.  Teplow,  was  that  made  by  the 
United  Steelworkers  of  America  (CIO) 
before  a  panel  of  the  Wage  Stabilization 
Board  in  1952.  He  discussed  the  plan  in 
detail  and  also  the  annual  wage  program 
of  the  United  Automobile  Workers  of 
America  (CIO).  Although  the  two  were 
similar,  he  said,  there  were  some 
important  differences. 

In  the  latter  program,  recognizing  that 
it  might  be  beyond  the  financial  capacity 
of  most  companies,  the  UAW  called  for 
the  creation  of  guarantee  funds  that  would 
be  "reinsured"  in  order  to  spread  the  risk. 
"This,"  he  said,  "may  involve  a  govern- 
ment subsidy." 

Company  Position  in  Collective 
Bargaining 

A  company  faced  with  a  demand  for  the 
guaranteed  annual  wage,  said  Mr.  Teplow, 
will  be  in  a  much  better  position  to  deal 
with  the  problem  if  it  has  first  undertaken 
a  program  of  employment  stabilization  and 
has  kept  its  employees  fully  informed  of  its 
progress  and  problems  in  this  connection. 
If  it  can  point  to  a  rounded  program  of 
employee  benefits,  especially  if  they  in- 
clude an  employee  thrift  and  savings  plan 
to  meet  emergency  needs,  which  would 
cover  also  the  emergency  of  unemploy- 
ment, its  position  is  further  enhanced. 

The  cost  of  a  guaranteed  wage,  he 
argued,  must  be  considered  in  conjunction 
with  the  costs  of  the  "fringe"  benefits 
already  being  sustained  by  the  company. 
According  to  the  U.S.  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  the  cost  of  these  benefits  in 
1951  came  to  18-7  per  cent  of  the  payroll. 
If  to  these  costs  are  added  overtime 
premium  pay  and  shift  bonus,  the  propor- 
tion in  relation  to  straight  time  pay 
becomes  25-2  pel'  cent. 

"That  was  two  years  ago,"  he  added. 
"Undoubtedly  the  figure  is  appreciably 
higher  today." 

Any  employer  considering  the  possi- 
bility of  granting  a  guaranteed  annual 
wage,  or  bargaining  collectively  about  it, 
Mr.  Teplow  said,  should  give  serious 
thought   to   the   following   factors: — 

1.  Employment  stabilization  must  precede 
any  attempt  to  guarantee  an  annual  wage. 
To  the  extent  that  a  company  succeeds  in 
stabilizing  its  employment,  to  that  extent  a 
guaranteed  annual  wage  becomes  super- 
fluous. 


2.  An  annual  wage  guarantee  involves  a 
commitment  of  such  serious  proportions  that 
few  companies  can  in  good  faith  guarantee 
a  year's  wage  to  a  large  majority  of  their 
employees.  This  fact  was  recognized  by  the 
Steelworkers'  Union  when  they  receded 
from  their  original  demand  to  one  which,  at 
least  initially,  committed  the  company  only 
to  a  contribution  of  a  few  cents  per  hour, 
and  when  they  demanded  some  form  of 
"reinsurance". 

3.  When  the  impracticability  of  a  com- 
plete guarantee  is  recognized,  there  is 
temptation  to  "settle"  for  a  limited  guar- 
antee— limited  to  a  small  proportion  of  the 
employees  or  to  less  than  a  year's  pay.  A 
guarantee  limited  to  some  employees  may 
be  worse  than  no  guarantee  for  the  other 
employees,  since  it  only  serves  to  emphasize 
their  vulnerability  to  layoff. 

4.  Even  an  extremely  limited  guarantee 
may  be  financially  dangerous  in  the  long 
run.  Any  kind  of  guarantee  is  a  recog- 
nition of  the  principle  and  once  the 
principle  is  recognized,  it  may  be  impossible 
to  resist  pressure  for  increasing  the  amount 
of  the  guarantee. 

5.  Since  continuity  of  employment  is 
subject  to  factors  beyond  the  company's 
control,  such  as  the  general  level  of  economic 
activity,  condition  of  partial  or  general  war 
(with  accompanying  government  controls  or 
materials  allocations),  shortage  of  raw 
materials,  changes  in  tariffs,  strikes  within 
the  company  or  among  the  company's 
suppliers,  the  company  should  not  be 
expected  to  be  responsible  for  an  uncondi- 
tional guarantee. 

6.  If  the  company  has  a  definite  amount 
that  it  is  prepared  to  add  to  its  labour 
cost,  both  company  and  employees  might 
be  better  served  if  this  amount  were  to 
be  added  to  wages  or  used  to  furnish  other 
benefits  which  may  mean  more  to  employees, 
such  as  hospitalization  insurance,  pay  during 
illness,  etc. 

"With  fringe  benefits  costing  approxi- 
mately 25  per  cent  of  straight  time  pay, 
more  thought  is  being  given  to  con- 
tributory financing  of  employee  benefits", 
Mr.  Teplow  said.  "It  may  be  desirable  to 
explore  whether  employees  are  sufficiently 
interested  in  some  form  of  guarantee  to 
be   willing   to   contribute   to   its  cost." 

7.  A  wage  guarantee  may  require  a  com- 
plete revamping  of  the  seniority  provisions 
of  collective  agreements,  in  order  to  enable 
the  employer  to  transfer  employees  when 
there  is  no  work  for  them  in  their  regular 
jobs  or  departments  or  shifts.  It  may  also 
be  necessary  or  desirable  to  change  agree- 
ments pertaining  to  overtime  premium  pay. 
Neither  the  union  nor  the  employees  may  be 
prepared  to  make   such  concessions. 

8.  A  guarantee,  if  effective,  will  require 
the  company  to  pay  out  funds  when  there 
is  no  work  for  employees  to  do.  Such 
payments  may  so  weaken  a  company's 
financial  position  that,  at  the  conclusion  of 
the  guarantee  period,  the  company  may  be 
forced  to-  lay  off  more  people  than  those 
whose  income  was  protected  by  the  guar- 
antee. In  that  case,  fluctuations  in  employ- 
ment would  be  magnified  rather  than 
reduced. 


1000 


9.  Under  a  guarantee,  every  employee 
represents  a  commitment  to  continue  pay 
whether  there  is  work  for  him  or  not.  In 
that  case,  the  employer  would  be  under- 
standably reluctant  to  increase  his  employ- 
ment. Multiplied  by  many  companies,  this 
may  mean  a  lower  level  of  employment 
opportunities. 

10.  If  companies  undertake  commitments 
beyond  their  financial  capacity  to  fulfil, 
they  may  discover  that  the  government  may 
have  to  come  to  the  rescue  and  so  become 
a   silent   partner    in   their    operations. 

11.  Private  supplementation  of  unemploy- 
ment insurance  benefits  runs  counter  to 
one  of  the  basic  purposes  of  the  unem- 
ployment insurance  system:  the  provision  of 
benefits  at  such  a  level  as  will  not 
discourage  the  employee  from  actively  seek- 
ing work.  Not  only  must  he  be  without 
work,  but  he  must  also  have  suffered  a 
wage  loss.  If  unemployment  becomes 
actually  or  substantially  as  remunerative  as 
regular  work,  there  is  little  incentive  for 
getting  a  job  or  remaining  at  'work.  In 
fact,  we  may  see  the  entire  concept  of  layoff 
on  the  basis  of  seniority  completely  reversed, 
as  the  senior  employees  will  demand  that 
they  be  the  first  to  be  laid  off.  Under  these 
circumstances,  a  layoff  becomes  a  vacation 
with  pay  rather  than  a  misfortune. 

12.  The  level  of  unemployment  benefits 
under  state  and  Canadian  law  has  been 
carefully  set  by  the  respective  legisla- 
tures at  that  level  which  will  enable  the 
temporarily  unemployed  to  meet  their  non- 
deferrable  expenditures  and  yet  provide  an 
incentive  to  seek  other  work.  If  these 
benefits  are  inadequate  it  is  far  better  to 
correct  this  possible  inadequacy  by  amend- 
ing the  unemployment  insurance  laws,  rather 
than  a  patchwork  of  collective  bargaining 
agreements. 

13.  Under  the  laws  of  most  states,  if  an 
employee  receives  compensation  from  his 
employer  he  becomes  ineligible  to  receive 
state  unemployment  compensation  benefits. 
This  would  leave  the  employer  to  foot  the 
full  bill  for  whatever  benefits  the  employee 
receives,  while  at  the  same  time  contributing 
to  the  state  fund  from  which  his  employees 
would  derive  no  benefit.  Without  substantial 
changes  in  the  law,  therefore,  the  employer 
would  be  supporting  two  exclusive  systems 
of  unemployment  compensation,  while  his 
employees  would  benefit   from  only  one. 

14.  If  the  proposed  supplementation  of 
unemployment  compensation  is  co-ordinated 
with  the  state  unemployment  insurance  pro- 
gram, presumably  the  state  unemployment 
administrator  would  determine  questions  of 
eligibility  under  the  state  system,  while  a 
joint  union-management  committee  would 
pass  on  eligibility  under  the  collectively- 
bargained  program.  The  resulting  conflict 
would  make  both  programs  well  nigh 
unworkable. 

15.  Even  more  far-reaching  in  its  implica- 
tions than  the  financial  risk  of  annual  wage 
guarantees  is  the  probable  impact  on  those 
functions  which  management  feels  it  must 
reserve  to  itself  if  it  is  to  discharge 
its  responsibilities,  such  as  technological 
improvements,  adoption  or  discontinuance  of 
products,  addition  to  or  closing  of  plants, 
amounts  allocated  to  research,  advertising 
and  development,  and  procurement,  pricing 
and  financial  policies.  This  is  especially 
true  if  the  guarantee  is  administered  by  a 
joint  committee. 


Joint    Union-Management    Study    Groups 

Mr.  Teplow  cautioned  against  the  setting 
up  of  union-management  study  groups  to 
consider  the  problems  involved.  Many 
employers,  he  said,  may  be  inclined  to 
accept  this  as  an  apparently  reasonable 
proposal  but  in  so  doing  they  may  be 
walking  into  a  trap.  Employees  might 
assume  it  to  be  the  first  step  on  the 
road  to  a  guarantee  of  annual  wages  and, 
if  the  guarantee  were  not  forthcoming,  the 
disappointment  might  seriously  impair 
morale. 

"The  union  may  very  well  attempt  to 
convert  such  a  joint  study  group  into  a 
vehicle  for  making  joint  determination  in 
extensive  areas  now  reserved  to  manage- 
ment," the  speaker  further  warned.  "Such 
a  study  group  is  likely  to  insist  that  it 
have  access  to  highly  confidential  infor- 
mation concerning  the  company's  plans  and 
prospects.  This  may  very  well  become  the 
mechanism  for  achieving  what  Mr.  Reuther 
once  labelled  'a  look  at  the  books'.  Unless 
management  is  prepared  to  make  such 
confidential  information  available  to  the 
joint  committee  and  the  union,  it  might 
be  safest  to  reject  the  joint  committee 
proposal." 

These  factors,  the  speaker  concluded, 
"indicate  that  every  phase  of  the  demand 
for  the  guaranteed  annual  wage  should  be 
approached  with  caution  or  even  stout 
opposition. 

"But  caution  is  not  enough.  Opposition 
to  a  union  demand,  even  if  successfully 
maintained,  is  not  enough. 

"The  search  for  security  of  employment 
and  income  is  part  of  the  overall  quest 
for  security.  It  is  no  temporary  fad.  It 
is  deep-rooted.     It  must  be  recognized. 

"Here,  then,  is  an  opportunity  for 
management  to  seize  the  initiative.  Rather 
than  wait  for  the  inevitable  demand,  and 
thereafter  place  itself  in  the  position  of 
opposing  employee  needs,  management  can 
take  the  initiative  and  demonstrate  by  its 
policies,  actions  and  communications  that 
it  recognized  the  problem  and  is  determined 
to  do  all  in  its  power  to  meet  the  need. 

"Programs  of  employment  stabilization, 
extensive  two-way  systems  of  communica- 
tions, and  rounded  programs  of  employee 
benefits  can  serve  to  provide  a  large 
measure  of  employee  security,  without 
undertaking  dangerous  commitments  beyond 
the  capacity  of  most  companies  to  fulfil, 
and  without  risking  the  loss  of  manage- 
ment's ability  to  manage." 


1001 


Writing  the  Labour  Contract 

The  importance  of  simple  and  precise 
language  and  proper  terminology  was 
stressed  by  R.  V.  Hicks,  of  Messrs.  Tory, 
Miller,  Thomson,  Hicks,  Arnold  and 
Sedgewick,  of  Toronto,  in  the  panel 
discussion  on  "Some  Do's  and  Don'ts  of 
Writing  the  Labour  Contract". 

Employees  and  those  responsible  for 
administration  of  the  contract  should  not 
have  to  resort  to  counsel  to  ascertain 
what  is  intended,  said  the  speaker. 
Colloquialisms  and  other  informalities  of 
language  constitute  dangerous  pitfalls 
should   arbitration  ever   ensue,  he  warned. 

"Language  clarification  not  only  avoids 
misunderstanding  and  dissension  but  also 
simplifies  administration  of  the  agreement, 
with     a    concomitant    reduction    of    time 


otherwise  lost  through  grievance  claims," 
Mr.  Hicks  said. 

While  emphasizing  that  he  did  not 
defend  a  strictly  technical  or  legalistic 
approach  to  labour  relations,  Mr.  Hicks 
pointed  out  that  there  are  certain  techni- 
calities from  which  neither  management 
nor  union  can  escape  because  they  are 
prescribed  by  law  and  substantially  influ- 
ence the  entire  field  of  industrial  relations. 

Other  members  of  the  panel  taking  part 
in  the  discussion  were  Judge  W.  S.  Lane, 
County  Judge  of  Prince  Edward  County, 
and  N.  J.  Clawson,  Director  of  Industrial 
Relations,  Crane  Limited,  Montreal. 
Chairman  of  the  panel  was  W.  H.  C. 
Seeley,  Assistant  Manager  of  Administra- 
tion, Toronto  Transportation  Commission, 
Toronto,  Ont. 


Manpower  Problems  in  an  Expanding  Economy 


There  is  urgent  need  for  expansion  of 
apprenticeship  training  programs  if  the 
supply  of  skilled  workers  is  to  improve, 
R.  F.  Hinton,  chairman  of  the  Manpower 
Problems  panel,  stated  at  the  opening  of 
the  conference. 

Members  of  the  panel  were  Joseph  Pigott, 
President,  Pigott  Construction  Company, 
Limited,  Hamilton,  Ont.,  and  J.  L.  Sparrow, 
Supervisor  of  Apprenticeship  Training, 
Canadian  General  Electric  Co.,  Limited, 
Peterborough,  Ont.,  both  of  whom  spoke 
on  apprenticeship  training.  The  third 
member  was  C.  E.  Carson,  Director, 
Imperial  Oil  Limited,  Toronto,  Ont.,  who 
spoke  on  the  development  of  management 
personnel. 

Apprenticeship  Training  in  Construction 

One  of  the  causes  of  the  high  cost  of 
building  is  the  lack  of  sufficient  skilled 
artisans,  stated  Joseph  Pigott,  who  spoke 
with  particular  reference  to  the  construc- 
tion industry.  In  spite  of  the  shortages 
building  has  continued,  he  said,  but  failure 
to  meet  the  demand  for  skilled  workers 
has  forced  into  use  new  designs,  new  pro- 
cesses and  new  materials;  wood  is  replaced 
by  steel,  masonry  by  glass  and  metal,  and 
plaster  by  substitutes. 

The  contractors  are  themselves  partly 
responsible,  asserted  the  speaker,  because 
of  their  lack  of  interest  in  apprenticeship 
training. 

In  the  whole  of  Canada,  only  about 
15,000  young  men  are  being  trained  under 
apprenticeship  schemes  in  the  building 
trades,  and  of  this  number  only  about  2,600 
are  being  trained  in  Ontario.  In  that  prov- 
ince alone,  he  said,  if  apprentices  were 
being    trained    in    the    traditional    ratio    of 


apprentices  to  mechanics,  there  should  be 
ten  or  twelve  thousand.  "In  Canada  as  a 
whole,  apart  from  Quebec,  we  would  have 
to  enlist  between  four  and  five  boys  for 
every  one  in  training  now.  That  is  our 
problem."  In  the  field  of  foremanship, 
superintendents  and  general  leadership,  the 
shortage  is  even  more  acute,  Mr.  Pigott 
said. 

Apprenticeship  Training  in  Manutacturing 

In  the  manufacturing  industries  the  situa- 
tion is  similar,  J.  L.  Sparrow  told  the 
conference.  In  three  industry  groups 
employing  300,000  production  workers,  only 
3,000  are  receiving  organized  training,  which 
means  that  only  one  per  cent  of  the  workers 
in  those  industries  are  apprentices  or  are 
receiving  organized  training  in  some  form. 

"With  so  little  training  being  given  in 
industry,  is  it  any  wonder,"  he  asked,  "that 
a  shortage  of  skilled  manpower  is  dogging 
manufacturing?" 

With  a  shortage  of  skilled  workers,  he 
continued,  it  naturally  follows  that  there 
is  a  shortage  of  foremen,  supervisors  and 
executive  personnel,  because  these  key  men 
are  usually  obtained  by  selecting  outstand- 
ing skilled  craftsmen  and  giving  them 
special  supervisory  training  courses. 

Deeply  concerned  about  the  situation,  the 
Federal  Department  of  Labour,  said  the 
speaker,  called  a  conference  in  May  of 
last  year  to  discuss  the  problem*  Out 
of  the  conference  the  following  statistics 
emerged: — 

Out  of  a  total  of  709  plants  surveyed 
only  88  plants  had  organized  training 
programs. 


L.G.,  July  1952,  pp.  877-85. 


1002 


In  the  iron  and  steel  group,  57  out  of 
473  plants  had  training  programs. 

In  the  electrical  apparatus  group,  9  plants 
out  of  107  had  training  programs. 

In  transportation  products,  22  plants  out 
of  129  plants  had  training  programs. 

In  all,  approximately  only  eight  per  cent 
of  the  plants  surveyed  had  organized  train- 
ing programs. 

The  shortage  of  apprentices  was  chiefly 
attributed  to:  (1)  A  lack  of  sufficient 
interest  on  the  part  of  many  employers. 
(2)  A  fear  on  the  part  of  local  unions  of 
overcrowding  certain  trades.  (3)  A  lack  of 
information  regarding  the  opportunities  and 
benefits  of  apprenticeship. 

Mr.  Sparrow  reviewed  action  already 
taken  to  improve  the  supply  of  skilled 
workers,  mentioning  first  the  appointment 
of  the  national  advisory  committee  on 
apprenticeship  training. 

A  number  of  large  companies  with  well- 
established  apprenticeship  training  pro- 
grams have  expanded  them  with  the  years; 
a  number  have  only  recently  put  training 
plans  into  operation.  The  most  fertile 
field  for  apprenticeship  training,  the 
speaker  believed,  lies  with  the  smaller 
companies,  who  can,  individually  or  collec- 
tively, provide  adequate  training  facilities. 

Mr.  Sparrow  recommended  to  the  atten- 
tion of  the  members  the  "Packaged 
Apprenticeship  Program"  initiated  by  the 
CMA  and  the  Ontario  Industrial  Educa- 
tion Council  in  1947. 

Up  to  the  present,  he  said,  three  trades 
have  been  covered,  tool  and  die  makers, 
machinists,  and  maintenance  electricians. 
Each  trade  is  contained  in  a  complete 
package  containing  the  necessary  forms 
such  as  application  forms,  apprentice  agree- 
ment, record  forms,  rating  forms,  report 
forms  and  an  apprenticeship  diploma, 
together  with  a  booklet  containing  infor- 
mation on  the  administration  and  operation 
of  an  apprenticeship  program  and  outlines 
of  courses. 

"These  courses  of  practical  training 
assignments  and  related  classroom  instruc- 
tions or  correspondence  courses  represent 
a  high  standard  of  trade  training  which, 
with  your  co-operation,  will  help  to  estab- 
lish a  uniform  system  of  apprenticeship 
training  in  the  manufacturing  industries 
throughout  Ontario,"  he  said. 

Development  of  Management 

Successful  development  of  management 
personnel,  said  C.  E.  Carson,  must  be  an 
integral  part  of  a  comprehensive,  con- 
tinuous program  for  the  development  of 
people  in  industry. 


"Any  program  which  seems  to  indicate 
that  management  alone  is  getting  the 
advantage  of  extra  training  or  attention," 
he  warned,  "is  almost  sure  to  weaken 
morale  by  introducing  an  element  of  caste 
into  the  organization.  The  technician  or 
specialist  must  not  feel  that  his  develop- 
ment is  being  ignored  or  is  not  important." 
Management  development  must  also  be 
continuous  for  very  much  the  same  reasons, 
he  continued.  "If  it  is  wrong  to  discrim- 
inate between  ranks  of  people,  it  is  equally 
wrong  to  leave  certain  groups  out  simply 
because  they  joined  the  company  too  soon 
or  too  late  to  participate  in  a  development 
program." 

Tests  for  the  selection  and  promotion 
of  people,  said  Mr.  Carson,  should  be 
approached  with  caution.  Qualities  essen- 
tial for  management  cannot  be  defined 
precisely,  nor  is  it  certain  what  to  do  to 
develop  in  people  the  qualities  desired. 
Industry  is  constantly  changing  in  a 
country  like  Canada;  so  are  the  aptitudes 
and  attitudes  of  the  workers.  It  is  inevit- 
able that  the  requirements  of  the  ideal 
manager  will  change  with  all  the  other 
changes. 

Even  assuming,  he  continued,  that  it  is 
known  precisely  what  qualities  will  be 
needed,  there  is  as  yet  no  objective  means 
of  measuring  and  comparing  them.  There 
are  still  no  international  standards  of 
measurement  for  tact,  leadership,  patience, 
imagination  and  initiative. 

"A  company  can  really  only  perform  two 
broad  functions  in  respect  of  developing 
personnel:  (a)  It  can  widen  the  opportuni- 
ties for  all  individual  employees  to  develop ; 
(b)  it  can  keep  constant  watch  on  all 
individual  employees  to  ensure  that  their 
development  is  recognized  and  utilized." 

There  is  no  doubt  that  personnel  develop- 
ment is  going  to  take  place,  said  the 
speaker.  The  question  at  issue  is  whether 
the  development  is  positive  or  negative, 
good  or  bad,  planned  or  unplanned. 

Finally,  the  speaker  named  what  he 
considered  to  be  the  main  elements  in  a 
good  development  program :  providing  in- 
teresting and  stimulating  jobs;  avoiding 
as  far  as  possible  "dead-end"  positions; 
familiarization  of  those  involved  with  com- 
pany operations  and  objectives;  study  at 
some  outside  educational  institution  or 
experience  at  some  outside  corporation; 
knowing  the  employees,  keeping  up  to  date 
an  inventory  of  ability. 


1003 


Effects  of  Plant  Expansion  on 

Employment  in  Ontario,  1948-53 

Estimated  44,500  new  jobs  made  available  to  Ontario  workers  by  plant 
completions  from  1948  to  1952;  at  least  9.000  will  be  created  in  1953 


In  the  past  five  years,  plant  expansion 
in  the  manufacturing  industries  in  Ontario 
has  proceeded  at  a  pace  unequalled  since 
the  1920's.  The  new  employment  resulting 
from  this  extension  of  manufacturing  facili- 
ties has  been  greater  than  that  in  any 
other  region;  in  fact,  the  number  of  new- 
jobs  created  in  Ontario  equalled  the  total 
in  all  the  rest  of  Canada  in  this  period. 

An  estimated  44,500  new  jobs  became 
available  for  Ontario  workers  as  a  result 
of  plant  completions  from  1948  to  1952. 
This  was  slightly  more  than  50  per  cent 
of  the  total  estimated  increase  in  manu- 
facturing employment  caused  by  industrial 
expansion  in  the  whole  of  Canada  during 
this  period. 

Ontario's  industrial  expansion  was  a 
major  factor  in  the  growth  of  its  manu- 
facturing employment  from  552,000  to  an 
estimated  606,000  in  the  five-year  period. 
Industrial  construction  in  the  province  is 
continuing  at  a  high  level;  the  carryover 
of  work  from  last  year  alone  will  create 
at  least  9,000  additional  jobs  during  1953. 

The  pattern  of  industrial  expansion  in 
the  province  since  1948  may  be  divided 
into  two  main  periods.  Until  1950,  factory 
construction  was  based  largely  on  the 
demand  for  consumers'  goods,  although 
there  was  also   a   marked  growth   in   other 


industries  such  as  those  producing  farm 
implements,  business  machines  and 
secondary  paper  products.  Beginning  in 
1950,  the  rate  of  plant  construction  acceler- 
ated as  a  result  of  defence  expenditures 
and  there  was  continued  growth  in  such 
industries  as  chemicals,  basic  iron  and 
steel,  and  petroleum  products. 

Geographically,  the  expansion  in  manu- 
facturing capacity  in  Ontario  in  recent  years 
was  concentrated  heavily  in  the  industrial- 
ized southwestern  section  of  the  province. 
A  large  share  of  the  industrial  construction 
has  been  in  the  greater  Toronto  area.  In 
terms  of  employment,  the  percentage  of 
total  new  employment  in  the  1948-52 
period  in  the  urban  Toronto  area  was  25 
per  cent  in  1948,  34  per  cent  in  1949,  28 
per  cent  in  1950,  41  per  cent  in  1951,  and 
63  per  cent  in  1952.  While  the  1952  per- 
centage was  high,  largely  as  a  result  of 
the  completion  of  new  defence  plants  and 
plant  extensions,  the  figures  in  other  years 
were  proportionate  with  the  city's  relative 
importance  in  terms  of  the  total  number 
of  wage  and  salary  workers  in  the  prov- 
ince. Latest  data  show  that  35  per  cent 
of  the  wage  and  salary  workers  in  manu- 
facturing in  Ontario  are  in  the  Toronto 
district.  Sarnia,  Hamilton  and  the  Niagara 
peninsula  areas  have  all  experienced  rapid 


TABLE  1.— NEW  JOBS  RESULTING  FROM  PLANT  EXPANSION  IN 
MANUFACTURING  IN  ONTARIO  1918-1952 


Industry 

1948 

1949 

1950 

1951 

1952 

Total 

400 
300 
150 
100 
2.100 
1 ,  250 
100 
950 
300 
800 
250 
300 

400 

50 

650 

300 

1,050 

50 

250 

400 

300 

300 

400 

550 

425 

125 

450 

150 

1,300 

2.600 

300 

450 

225 

150 

600 

.     25 

300 

50 

950 

150 

2,600 

1,400 

450 

1.050 

500 

300 

600 

150 

400 

100 

150 

300 

2,600 

8.600 

400 

3,350 

300 

500 

650 

150 

1,925 

625 

2.350 

1,000 

Iron  and  Steel  Products 

9,650 

Transportation  Equipment 

Non-ferrous  Metal  Products 

13.900 
1.500 
6.200 

1.625 

2.050 

2.500 

Other(i) 

1.175 

Total 

7,000 

4,700 

6,800 

8,500 

17,500 

44.500 

0)  Includes  tobacco  products,  leather  products,  and  miscellaneous  manufacturing. 

1004 


TABLE  2.— NEW  EMPLOYMENT  CREATED 
BY  PLANT  EXPANSION  IN  MANUFAC- 
TURING   IN    ONTARIO    AND    CANADA 

1948-1952 


- 

Canada 

Ontario 

Percentage 

1948 
1949 
1950 
1951 
1952 

16,000 
8,100 
12,000 
15,300 
34,000 

7,000 
4,700 
6,800 
8,500 
17,500 

43-8 
58-0 
56-7 
55-6 
51-5 

Total 

85,400 

44,500 

52-1 

industrial  expansion  since  1948  and  several 
large  plants  are  now  under  construction  in 
Eastern  Ontario  centres.  Of  the  plants  and 
extensions  to  be  completed  in  1953,  three 
in  five  are  located  outside  the  Toronto 
area  and  are  distributed  among  41  other 
localities. 

Two-thirds  of  the  total  employment 
increase  of  44,500  was  accounted  for  by 
three  industries — transportation  equipment, 
iron  and  steel  and  electrical  apparatus. 
Employment  in  the  chemical  and  non- 
metallic  mineral  products  industries  also 
expanded  at  a  rapid  rate  but  the  actual 
numbers  hired  were  not  as  large  as  those 
in  the  above  three  industry  groups.  The 
rate  of  growth  in  the  paper  products, 
textile,  food  and  beverage  and  wood 
products  industries  was  relatively  smaller. 
Table  III  shows  the  new  jobs  resulting 
from  plant  expansion  as  a  percentage  of 
total  employment  in  selected  manufacturing 
industries. 

Transportation    equipment    industry, — 

The  principal  source  of  additional  employ- 
ment through  new  plant  construction  in 
Ontario  since  1948  has  been  the  transporta- 
tion equipment  industry.  This  industry 
group,  which  includes  the  manufacture  of 
aircraft  and  automobiles,  has  provided 
some  14,000  new  jobs  from  1948  to  1952. 

The  Canadian  automobile  and  parts 
industry  is  located  almost  entirely  in 
Ontario  and  has  been  steadily  increasing 
employment  and  production  in  the  postwar 
period,  except  for  a  brief  sales  slump  in 
1950  and  1951.  The  index  of  employment 
rose  from  199-0  (1939=100)  at  December 
1,  1947,  to  322-2  at  December  1,  1952. 
Hamilton,  Oshawa,  Windsor  and  Oakville 
benefited  particularly  from  industrial  con- 
struction in  this  industry.  The  total  of 
3.700  new  jobs  created  in  the  five-year 
period  1948  to  1952  will  be  nearly  doubled 
by  hirings  in  1953  as  a  result  of  plant  com- 
pletions. The  Ford  Motor  Company  plant 
at  Oakville,  which  came  into  production  in 


the  second  quarter  of  1953,  will  employ 
from  4,000  to  5,000  workers  at  capacity. 
At  least  2,500  of  these  will  be  hired  this 
year.  New  parts  plants  scheduled  for  com- 
pletion in  1953  estimate  employment 
requirements  at  700  persons. 

In  the  aircraft  industry,  about  7,300  jobs 
opened  up  in  Ontario  in  plants  completed 
as  a  result  of  the  defence  program.  Addi- 
tions were  made  to  the  large  A.  V.  Roe 
Ltd.  assembly  plant  at  Malton  and  13  parts 
plants  were  built  in  the  province  to  supply 
components  for  jet  aircraft  production. 
The  hirings  all  occurred  in  1952  and  the 
plant  construction  program  of  the  industry 
has  now  been  largely  completed. 

Iron  and  steel  industry. — Large-scale 
expansion  in  the  Canadian  primary  iron  and 
steel  industry  did  not  occur  until  after  1950. 
In  Ontario,  extensive  modernization  and 
replacement  of  facilities  greatly  increased 
the  capacity  of  the  two  large  basic  pro- 
ducers in  the  province  but  the  resultant 
manpower  additions  were  not  large.  How- 
ever, the  secondary  iron  and  steel  group, 
consisting  of  14  industries,  has  hired  some 
10,000  new  employees  since  1948  to  staff 
newly  completed  facilities.  This  was  an 
increase  of  9  per  cent  in  the  total  work 
force  in  the  iron  and  steel  industry,  which 
employed  a  reported  total  of  115,000  at 
the  end  of  1952. 


TABLE  3.— NEW  JOBS  RESULTING  FROM 
INDUSTRIAL  EXPANSION  1948-1952  AS  A 
PERCENTAGE  OF  TOTAL  EMPLOYMENT 
IN  1952  IN  SELECTED  ONTARIO  MANU- 
FACTURING INDUSTRIES  0) 


New- 

Total 

— 

Jobs 

Employ- 

Per- 

1948-1952 

ment 
Dec.  1,  1952 

centage 

Transportation 

equipment 

13,900 

87,850 

15-8 

Electrical 

apparatus 

6,200 

52,050 

11-9 

Non-metallic  min- 

eral products .  .  . 

1,625 

14,180 

11-5 

Chemicals  and 

chemical  prod- 

ucts   

2,500 

26,150 

9-6 

Iron  and  steel 

products 

9,650 

115,500 

8-4 

Paper  products .  .  . 

2,050 

30,240 

6-8 

Non-ferrous  metal 

products 

1,500 

28,620 

5-2 

Rubber  products. 

625 

15,530 

4-0 

Textiles  and 

clothing 

2,350 

60,900 

3-9 

Wood  products .  .  . 

1,000 

26,260 

3-8 

Food  and 

beverage 

1,925 

55,700 

3-5 

Total(2) 

44,500 

573,340 

7-8 

(0  Employment  and  Payrolls,  December  1952,  Do- 
minion Bureau  of  Statistics. 

(2)  Includes  leather,  tobacco,  petroleum,  printing  and 
publishing  and  miscellaneous  manufacturing  indus- 
tries which  are  not  listed  in  the  above  table. 


1005 


Electrical  apparatus. — The  peak  in 
expansion  in  the  electrical  apparatus  indus- 
try was  reached  in  1952,  when  3,350  workers 
were  hired  to  staff  plants  completed  that 
year.  The  previous  four  years  produced  a 
total  of  2,850  new  jobs,  about  1,000  each 
in  1948  and  1951  and  a  smaller  number  in 
the  intervening  two  years.  The  1952  peak 
vvas  the  result  of  defence  demands  for  elec- 
trical and  electronic  equipment  and  the 
increasing  production  of  television  sets. 
Expansion  in  capacity  in  the  earlier  post- 
war years  was  based  on  strong  demand  for 
household  appliances  and  for  hydro-electric 
and  industrial  equipment.  The  average 
electrical  apparatus  plant  employs  a  large 
number  of  workers,  the  1948-52  total  repre- 
senting additional  requirements  of  90 
persons  per  plant. 

Chemicals    and    chemical    products. — A 

strong  demand  for  industrial  and  house- 
hold chemical  products,  coupled  with  the 
development  of  new  products  and  pro- 
cesses, resulted  in  an  intensification  of 
plant  construction  in  the  chemical  industry 
in  the  postwar  period.  The  province  of 
Ontario  has  developed  an  increasingly 
diversified  and  widespread  chemical  indus- 
try with  a  labour  force  of  more  than 
26,000  employees.  A  total  of  86  new  plants 
and  plant  additions  was  completed  from 
1948  to  1952,  with  average  employment  of 
30  workers  per  plant.  The.  development  of 
the  plastic  and  petro-chemical  sectors  of 
the  industry  has  been  a  major  factor  in  this 
growth,  the  "chemical  valley"  in  the  Sarnia 


area  providing  an  unique  example  of  indus- 
trial expansion.  The  largest  chemical  plant 
to  be  built  in  the  province  in  the  postwar 
period  is  now  under  construction  at 
Maitland  and  is  expected  to  provide 
employment  for  about  500  workers. 

Non-metallic  mineral  products. — -One  of 
the  most  rapidly  expanding  manufacturing 
sectors  in  Ontario  has  been  the  non- 
metallic  mineral  products  group,  which 
includes  the  manufacture  of  building, 
asbestos  and  abrasive  products.  In  1952, 
the  industry  had  an  estimated  labour  force 
of  14,200.  In  the  past  five  years,  indus- 
trial expansion  has  created  a  total  of 
1,600  jobs. 

The  type  of  industrial  construction 
under  way  in  the  province  in  1953  has 
changed.  The  construction  of  defence 
plants,  which  provided  the  main  impetus  to 
plant  expansion  in  the  past  two  years,  is 
now  almost  entirely  completed.  There  are 
indications,  however,  of  a  revival  in  the 
construction  of  new  facilities  for  the  manu- 
facture of  consumer  goods.  Large  new 
plants  and  plant  additions  are  scheduled  to 
come  into  production  in  1953  in  the  auto- 
mobile, electrical  apparatus,  textile  and 
office  machinery  industries.  These  plants 
are  widely  distributed  throughout  the  prov- 
ince, notably  at  Prescott,  Perth,  Arnprior, 
Guelph  and  Oakville.  The  resulting  employ- 
ment additions  will  be  large,  although  it 
is  not  likely  that  they  will  equal  the  record 
year  1952,  in  which  large-scale  hirings  took 
place  to  man  new  defence  plants. 


Recent  Annual  Conventions  of 

Provincial  Labour  Organizations 


Alberta  Federation  of  Labour  (TLC) 

Opposition  to  exemptions  in  the  pro- 
vincial regulations  governing  hours  of  work 
was  voiced  at  the  33rd  annual  convention 
of  the  Alberta  Federation  of  Labour 
(TLC)  in  Edmonton,  June  1  to  3. 

The  convention,  attended  by  174  dele- 
gates from  124  affiliated  unions  and  other 
organizations  representing  an  estimated 
50,000  workers  in  the  province,  passed  a 
resolution  condemning  the  Government's 
interpretation  of  the  hours  of  work  legis- 
lation. The  resolution  charged  that  so 
many  exemptions  had  been  granted  in  the 
44-hour   work  week  in   force   in   the   cities, 


and  the  48-hour  week  in  other  municipali- 
ties, that  the  legislation  which  introduced 
those   hours  had  become  virtually  useless. 

The  original  resolution  calling  for  no 
permanent  exemptions  "without  the 
consent  of  all  interested  parties"  was 
reworded  to  read  "no  permanent  exemp- 
tions whatever". 

The  Hon.  J.  L.  Robinson,  provincial 
Minister  of  Industries  and  Labour, 
addressing  the  delegates,  said  the  Alberta 
Labour  Act  would  be  open  for  major 
amendment  at  the  next  session  of  the 
Legislature.  In  anticipation  of  this,  the 
convention    passed   a   resolution    combining 


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the  demands  of  several  local  unions  for 
the  40-hour,  five-day  week  throughout  the 
province. 

A  resolution  calling  for  the  setting  up 
of  a  special  section  in  the  Alberta  Labour 
Act  to  deal  with  the  construction  industry 
was  approved.  Charging  that  both 
employers  and  employees  find  difficulty  in 
getting  direct  rulings  on  the  Act  as  it 
applies  to  this  industry,  several  delegates 
demanded  that  the  Act  be  amended  to 
safeguard  the  votes  of  union  members 
unavoidably  absent  when  arbitration  awards 
are  being  decided  on,  and  to  speed  up 
the  process  of  certification. 

The  convention  adopted  a  resolution 
claiming  that  the  provincial  Departments 
of  Highways  and  Public  Works  were  able 
to  underbid  recognized  contractors  because 
they  employed  non-union  labour.  The 
resolution  demanded  that  the  provincial 
Government  pay  rates  on  all  its  construc- 
tion work  in  line  with  those  generally 
established  by  union  agreements. 

The  Federation  gave  its  support  to  the 
Alberta  Civil  Service  Association  in  a 
resolution  calling  for  full  recognition  of 
the  Association  as  bargaining  agent  for  all 
provincial  government  employees.  The 
same  resolution  requested  that  working 
agreements  and  legislation  dealing  with 
government  personnel  be  altered  only 
through  negotiations  with  the  Civil  Service 
Association.  It  also  asked  that  salaries  of 
government  workers  be  made  comparable 
to  those  of  employees  doing  similar  work 
in  industry,  and  that  they  be  granted  a 
five-day  week  with  no  reduction  in  working 
hours   for   those  working  40  hours  or   less. 

Other  resolutions  among  the  107 
passed  by  the  delegates  called  for:  a 
national  health  insurance  plan ;  Government- 
sponsored  automobile  insurance;  legislation 
to  guard  against  racial  and  religious 
discrimination  in  employment;  the  estab- 
lishment of  special  training  centres  for 
retarded  children  in  the  province;  and  a 
contributory  pension  scheme  in  the  prov- 
ince which  could  be  continued  by  workers 
who  changed  employers. 

Also  included  were  resolutions  asking 
increases  in  old-age  pensions  to  $75  per 
month;  increases  in  compensation  to 
widows  and  dependent  children;  and 
unemployment  insurance  for  apprentices 
while  they  are  attending  school. 

Robert  Rintoul  and  Harry  Brogden  of 
Calgary  were  re-elected  President  and 
Secretary-Treasurer  respectively.  Other 
officers  elected  were  J.  E.  Smith,  Edmonton, 
First  Vice-President;  Harold  French, 
Edmonton,  Vice-President  for  the  Northern 
District;   R.  Scott,  Calgary,  Vice-President 


for  the  Central  District;  and  Anne 
MacLaren,  Lethbridge,  Vice-President  for 
the  Southern  District. 

British  Columbia  Federation  of  Labour  (CCL) 

A  warning  that  "the  honeymoon  is  over 
for  labour"  was  given  at  the  ninth  annual 
convention  of  the  British  Columbia 
Federation  of  Labour  (CCL),  held  in 
Vancouver.  President  Dan  Radford  told 
the  more  than  120  delegates,  representing 
40,000  members  of  the  Canadian  Congress 
of  Labour  in  the  province,  that  they  must 
realize  the  fight  with  management  has  just 
begun. 

Predicting  that  employers  will  renew 
their  hold-the-line  wage  policy  this  year, 
George  Mitchell,  President  of  the  Van- 
couver Labour  Council  (CCL),  said  that 
the  delegates  must  be  aware  of  their 
responsibility.  He  said:  "Employers  are 
trying  to  tell  the  workers  we  are  heading 
back  to  the  dark  ages  of  the  depression. 
This  barrage  of  propaganda  must  be 
fought." 

An  officers'  report  presented  to  the 
convention  noted  that  the  political  picture 
in  British  Columbia  had  changed  com- 
pletely since  the  federation's  last  annual 
meeting. 

On  the  question  of  international  affairs, 
the  report  said:  "There  is  much  that  our 
Federal  Government  can  do  to  improve 
the  general  welfare  of  Canadian  citizens 
without  reneging  on  our  commitments  to 
the  United  Nations." 

The  province's  new  Labour  Relations 
Board  was  explained  by  Labour  Minister 
Lyle  Wicks.  The  part-time  board,  said 
Mr.  Wicks,  was  actually  a  streamlining  of 
operations  which  would  save  taxpayers 
money  without  impairing  the  Board's 
efficiency.  With  a  full-time  chairman  and 
a  staff  functioning  5J  days  a  week,  the 
Board  will  be  able  to  deal  with  British 
Columbia's  labour  problems,  said  the 
Minister. 

Mr.  Wicks  contended  that  the  labour 
board  staff  did  90  per  cent  of  the  work 
and  that  a  full-time  board  was  not  the 
answer  to  industrial  problems. 

The  Minister  also  said  that  the  number 
of  conciliation  officers  would  be  raised  from 
six  to  nine,  that  their  duties  had  been 
streamlined  and  that  some  of  the  detail 
of  their  jobs  had  been  given  to  labour 
board  inspectors. 

The  convention  was  addressed  by 
Charles  Millard,  National  Director  in 
Canada  for  the  International  Steelworkers 
of  America  (CIO-CCL),  who  told  the 
delegates  the  Canadian  Congress  of  Labour 
is  going  into  the  field  of  political  action. 


1007 


Mr.  Millard  said  that  the  policy  of  the 
CCL  has  been  to  co-operate  with  other 
sections  of  the  legitimate  trade  union 
movement  for  the  legislative  advancement 
of  the  workers'  welfare. 

A  resolution  was  passed  to  devise  ways 
of  raising  a  share  of  the  $50,000  pledged 
by  the  CCL  to  assist  the  fight  against 
poverty,  hunger  and  disease  in  East  Asia. 

Martin  Levinson,  Director  of  the  CCL's 
International  Department,  told  the  dele- 
gates that  up  to  now  the  Federation  had 
not  had  enough  voice  or  enough  interest 
in  international  affairs.  He  said  efforts 
must  be  made  to  increase  the  wages  and 
better  the  working  conditions  of  workers  in 
countries  such  as  India  and  Pakistan  so 
that  low-wage  competition  would  not  prove 
a  threat  to  the  standard  of  living  in 
Canada. 

"Trade  union  activity  must  be  expanded. 
One  job  is  to  bring  trade  unionism  to 
these  peoples,"  he  said,  adding  that 
improving  their  condition  would  assure  a 
market  for  Canadian  commodities,  notably 
lumber,  for  many  generations  to  come. 

A  resolution  placing  the  convention  on 
record  as  opposed  to  all  forms  of  union 
raiding  within  the  trade  union  movement 
was  defeated  by  the  delegates.  Another 
resolution  asking  that  workmen's  compen- 
sation in  the  province  be  increased  from 
70  to  100  per  cent  of  wages  was  passed. 

The  Federation  condemned  the  increasing 
use  of  the  injunction  as  a  weapon  by 
employers  during  strikes. 

The  abolition  of  the  absentee  ballot  in 
British  Columbia  was  opposed  by  a  resolu- 
tion which  warned  that  thousands  of 
workers  would  be  disenfranchised  if  this 
measure  were  adopted. 

Dan  Radford  was  re-elected  President  by 
acclamation.  George  Home  was  re-elected 
secretary-treasurer;  Stewart  Alsbury,  Alex 
Cox  and  Hugh  Allison  were  elected  vice- 
presidents.  Other  executive  members  are 
Ewart  Orr,  Bob  Smeal,  Gerry  Emary, 
William  Symington,  Herbert  Coombs,  Frank 
Howard  and  Lawrence  Vandale. 

Ontario  Provincial  Federation  of  Labour  (TLC) 

Charges  and  counter-charges  of  union 
raiding  were  made  at  the  seventh  annual 
convention  of  the  Ontario  Provincial 
Federation  of  Labour  (TLC),  held  in 
Windsor.  At  the  welcoming  ceremony,  the 
400  delegates  representing  200,000  members 
of  the  labour  organization  in  the  province 
heard  Mayor  Arthur  J.  Reaume  charge 
unnamed  officers  of  the  UAW-CIO  with 
raiding  Windsor's  Civic  Workers'  Union 
(TLC). 


Percy  Bengough,  President  of  the  Trades 
and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada,  addressed 
the  delegates  and  backed  up  the  mayor's 
remarks,  adding  that  if  raiding  is  not 
discontinued  in  Windsor,  he  may  be  forced 
to  oppose  it  actively.  While  his  aim  was 
to  see  more  work  done  among  those 
workers  as  yet  unorganized  by  any  group, 
the  TLC  official  said  that  in  an  open 
raiding  contest,  "we  will  not  be  on  the 
losing  end  so  far  as  numbers  are  concerned". 

(The  following  day  a  statement  was  issued 
by  top  UAW-CIO  officers,  including  George 
Burt,  Regional  Director,  discounting  the 
alleged  raiding  and  charging  that  "practi- 
cally every  plant  in  Windsor  under  contract 
to  the  UAW  has  been  raided  by  AFL 
unions".) 

Discrimination  against  workers  for  union 
activity,  despite  legislation  to  the  contrary, 
was  condemned  by  TLC  organizer  J.  K. 
Thorne.  He  said  that  some  employers  "are 
cutting  labour's  throat  and  ultimately  their 
own  by  practising  intimidation  to  dissuade 
workers  from  joining  unions". 

The  Federation's  representative  on  the 
Ontario  Labour  Relations  Board,  Russell 
Harvey,  suggested  that  99  per  cent  of 
the  petitions  filed  before  the  Board  by 
employees  opposing  certification  were 
company-inspired. 

The  delegates  demanded  a  change  in 
the  Ontario  Labour  Relations  Act  to  make 
it  mandatory  for  the  provincial  Minister 
of  Labour  to  appoint  a  commission  to 
investigate    charges    of   discrimination. 

A  suggestion  that  a  union  be  free  to 
strike  60  days  after  it  has  applied  for 
conciliation,  even  if  no  agreement  has  been 
reached,  was  made  during  a  debate  on  the 
slowness  of  conciliation  proceedings.  Com- 
plaining that  often  the  Labour  Relations 
Board  handed  down  its  findings  months 
after  an  application  for  conciliation  had 
been  made,  the  convention  demanded 
changes  in  the  provincial  labour  code.  It 
asked  that  conciliation  services  be  speeded 
up,  that  the  terms  of  all  re-negotiated 
contracts  be  retroactive  by  law  to  the  date 
of  expiration  of  the  old  agreement,  and 
that  the  building  trades  be  excluded  from 
the  provisions  of  the  Act. 

Demands  of  past  years  for  changes  in 
the  Labour  Relations  Act  were  renewed 
at  the  convention.  The  delegates  asked 
that  certification  be  given  to  a  union 
receiving  the  majority  of  votes  cast,  that 
employers  be  banned  from  applying  for 
decertification  of  unions,  that  employers  be 
prevented  from  interfering  with  wage  rates 
and  working  conditions  after  a  union  applies 
for  certification,  and  that  the  Labour 
Relations    Board     be    permitted     to     issue 


1008 


orders  to  employers  to  cease  unfair 
practices  where  such  complaints  are  made. 
It  also  suggested  that  all  interventions  to 
a  union  application  for  certification  be 
individually  signed  by  the  employees  and 
that  they  be  thoroughly  investigated  by 
the  Board  before  being  given  recognition. 

Payment  of  unemployment  insurance 
funds  to  workers  who  are  idled  because 
of  illness  was  proposed  by  TLC  President 
Percy  Bengough.  This  extension  of  the 
present  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  he 
said,  would  constitute  a  modified  national 
health  program. 

Mr.  Bengough  said  that  this  was  some- 
thing less  than  what  labour  wanted  but 
was  something  that  could  be  brought  into 
operation  with  little  delay  and  at  much  less 
cost  than  a  full  national  health  scheme. 
A  small  contribution  on  the  part  of  the 
worker,  in  addition  to  what  is  already  being 
paid  for  unemployment  insurance,  he  said, 
would  more  than  meet  the  cost.  He 
pointed  out  that  the  machinery  is  already 
in  existence  through  the  present  nation- 
wide unemployment  insurance  organization. 

The  establishment  of  physical  treatment 
hospitals  in  conjunction  with  regular 
hospitals  was  proposed  by  John  Cauley, 
Vice-Chairman  of  the  Ontario  Workmen's 
Compensation  Board,  as  a  means  of  pro- 
viding better  care  for  injured  workmen  and 
reducing  overall  cost  of  hospitalization. 

Mr.  Cauley  spoke  of  the  success  of  the 
Workmen's  Compensation  Board  physical 
treatment  centre  at  Malton,  Ont.,  in  oper- 
ation since  July  1,  1947.  He  said  this 
centre  was  started  to  show  that  physical 
medical  help  could  get  workers  back  on 
the  job  quicker  and  reduce  the  degree  of 
permanent  disability. 

Under  the  plan  proposed  by  the  com- 
pensation board  official,  patients  would  go 
into  an  active  hospital  for  necessary 
surgery  or  medical  treatment  and  then,  in 
as  short  a  time  as  possible,  would  be 
transferred  to  the  physical  treatment  centre 
where  a  staff  of  therapists  and  doctors 
would  supervise  recuperation.  Mr.  Cauley 
said  the  cost  per  patient  at  the  Malton 
centre  is  $5.50  compared  with  the  $11  and 
$15.50  cost  in  an  active  hospital. 

Condemning  the  Ontario  Government 
for  its  present  housing  policy,  the  conven- 
tion renewed  its  demands  for  a  joint 
low-rental  program  by  federal,  provincial 
and  municipal  Governments. 

A  resolution  was  passed  demanding 
government  legislation  to  limit  passenger 
overcrowding  in  public  transit  vehicles. 
Another  resolution  requested  a  royal 
commission    to    investigate     conditions    in 


grain  elevators  throughout  the  province  in 
order  to  avert  explosions  such  as  happened 
at  Port  Arthur  last  September. 

Other  resolutions  passed  at  the  conven- 
tion included:  a  request  that  labour  history 
be  made  a  subject  for  required  study  in  all 
primary  and  secondary  schools  and  in 
colleges;  a  request  for  a  40-hour  week  in 
all  industries,  a  $30  minimum  wage  for 
women  workers  and  a  work  week  of  not 
more  than  48  hours  for  firemen;  a  request 
for  improvements  in  the  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation Act  and  the  setting  up  of  safety 
committees  in  all  departments  of  industry; 
and  a  demand  for  greater  assistance  to 
municipalities  in  the  province  under  the 
new  tax  agreement  with  the  federal 
Government. 

The  convention  also  called  upon  the 
Ontario  Government  to  control  the  amount 
of  transient  labour  coming  into  the  prov- 
ince, asked  the  federal  Government  to 
require  employers  to  sign  for  acceptance 
of  unemployment  insurance  books,  and 
suggested  that  the  number  of  stamps 
required  in  these  books  be  lowered  from 
180  to  100. 

The  delegates  instructed  their  executive 
to  extend  the  use  and  display  of  union 
labels,  and  called  upon  the  provincial 
Government  to  require  employers  to  give 
at  least  seven  days'  notice  of  layoffs,  to 
require  newspapers  and  radio  stations  to 
give  equal  space  or  time  for  statements 
by  unions  or  companies  in  labour  disputes, 
and  to  eliminate  discrimination  between 
male  and  female  employees. 

President  A.  F.  Mac  Arthur  of  Toronto 
and  Vice-President  A.  W.  Godfrey  of  Fort 
William,  I.  M.  Dodds  of  Windsor  and 
William  Boothroyd  of  Toronto  were  all 
re-elected.  John  Hancock  of  Hamilton  was 
chosen  secretary-treasurer. 

Quebec  Provincial  Federation  of  Labour  (TLC) 

The  principal  objective  of  the  unions 
affiliated  with  the  Quebec  Provincial 
Federation  of  Labour  (TLC)  during  the 
coming  12  months  will  be  to  obtain  the 
greatest  possible  security  in  employment. 
This  was  the  policy  stated  by  Roger 
Provost,  re-elected  President  of  the  organ- 
ization, at  its  16th  annual  convention  at 
St.  Jerome  early  in  June. 

"At  the  present  time,"  said  Mr.  Provost, 
"what  the  workers  need  most  is  security — 
economic  security — through  a  decent  wage 
and  continuity  of  employment." 

It  was  therefore  agreed  by  the  400  dele- 
gates attending  the  convention  that  all 
unions  affiliated  with  the  Quebec  Provincial 
Federation  of  Labour  will  try,  during  the 


1009 


coming  year,  to  secure  a  guaranteed  work 
week  for  all  workers  represented  by  them. 
It  was  also  decided  to  give  serious  con- 
sideration to  a  plan  for  a  guaranteed  annual 
wage  for  all  workers  now  paid  by  the  hour. 

The  delegates  appealed  to  the  provincial 
authorities  for  free,  compulsory  schooling 
and  asked  them  to  have  home-work 
abolished  and  that  all  studying  be  done 
at  school,  since  in  the  home  today  there 
is  no  study  room,  and  too  many  distrac- 
tions. 

The  Federation  protested  against  the 
period  of  90  days  now  allowed  an  arbitra- 
tion court  to  make  recommendations  for 
settling  labour  disputes,  requesting  that  the 
maximum  time  allowed  be  only  30  days. 
The  delegates  would  also  like  to  see 
reduced  from  14  to  7  the  number  of  days 
which  must  elapse  between  the  date  of 
publication  of  an  arbitration  report  and  the 
time  when  a  strike  can  be  legally  declared. 

The  Federation  also  decided  to  do  all 
it  can  to  obtain  equality  of  wages  for 
workers  in  the  province  of  Quebec  with 
those  in  Ontario. 

Other  resolutions  adopted  by  the  conven- 
tion included  requests  for  an  increase  in 
family  allowances  and  workmen's  compen- 
sation; compulsory  deduction  at  the 
source  of  union  dues  in  all  companies 
where  the  majority  of  the  employees 
belong  to  a  certified  union;  the  setting 
up  of  permanent  labour  courts  in  all 
judicial  districts  in  the  province;  an  amend- 
ment to  the  penal  code  to  permit  the 
holding  of  a  provincial  lottery;  and  the 
passing  of  an  Act  by  the  provincial 
Government  obliging  all  employers  to  pay 
their  employees  every  week,  and  in  cash 
instead  of  by  cheque. 

In  addition  to  re-electing  Mr.  Provost  to 
the  presidency,  the  Federation  chose  a  new 
Secretary-Treasurer,  Robert  Levesque,  to 
replace  Adrien  Villeneuve. 

The  following  vice-presidents  complete 
the  slate  of  officers:  Harry  Bell,  Quebec; 
Roger  Labrie,  Three  Rivers;  Rene 
Fournier,  GranD}';  Sylvio  Charron,  Gati- 
neau;  Edouard  Larose  and  R.  M.  Bennett, 
Montreal ;  Marcel  Charbonneau,  St.  Jerome ; 
and  Oscar  Longtin,  Valleyfield. 

Quebec  Federation  of  Industrial  Unions  (CCL) 

The  new  Quebec  Federation  of  Industrial 
Unions  (CCL),  holding  its  first  annual  con- 
vention at  St.  Jean  early  in  June,  took  one 
of  its  first  major  decisions:  to  take  an 
active  interest  in  political  action. 


The  145  delegates  also  decided  to  censure 
publicly  the  part  the  provincial  and  muni- 
cipal police  are  being  made  to  play  in 
strikes;  to  ask  for  the  appointment  of  one 
of  their  members  as  a  representative  on  the 
Labour  Relations  Board;  and  to  present 
numerous  resolutions  to  the  provincial 
Government  concerning  labour  legislation 
and  political  problems  of  general  interest. 

R.  J.  (Doc)  Lamoureux,  United  Steel- 
workers  of  America,  was  unanimously 
elected  President — a  position  he  has  held 
since  the  foundation  of  the  Federation  last 
December  (L.G.,  Jan.,  p.  17). 

In  coming  out  in  favour  of  political 
action,  the  Federation  also  decided  to  ask 
its  members  to  make  a  voluntary  contribu- 
tion for  the  setting  up  of  a  fund  to 
finance  the  political  action  program  which 
it  intends  to  carry  into  effect. 

In  their  study  of  the  problems  which 
must  be  faced  by  labour  organizations  in 
Quebec,  the  delegates  paid  special  atten- 
tion to  the  role  of  the  various  police  forces 
in  strikes.  The  Federation  passed  three 
resolutions  requesting  that  policemen  who 
are  charged  with  the  supervision  of  strikes 
should  not  carry  firearms;  that  detectives 
from  private  agencies  should  not  have  the 
right  to  interfere  in  industrial  disputes;  and 
protesting  against  the  arbitrary  interven- 
tion of  the  provincial  police  in  strikes, 
calling  on  "those  who  are  authorized  to 
enforce  the  law  to  abide  by  it  themselves". 

The  new  Federation  also  renewed  its 
request  that  the  provincial  Government 
choose  a  third  labour  representative  for 
the  Labour  Relations  Board  from  among 
the  members  of  the  industrial  unions. 

Other  resolutions  asked  the  Labour  Rela- 
tions Board  to  make  serious  efforts  to 
check  the  expansion  of  company  unions,  to 
punish  dismissals  for  union  activity  and  to 
shorten  delays  in  the  proceedings.  The 
Federation  also  requested  the  re-writing  of 
the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act,  the 
setting  up  of  a  provincial  health  insurance 
scheme  and  a  federal  conference  at  which 
all  who  are  interested  in  the  slump  in  the 
textile  industry  could  discuss  the  best 
solutions. 

In  addition  to  Mr.  Lamoureux,  the 
officers  chosen  by  the  Federation  for  the 
coming  year  are  as  follows:  J.  P.  Tessier 
(CBRE),  Hyman  Reiff  (ACWA)  and 
Romeo  Leroux  (CCL),  Vice-presidents; 
Romeo  Mathieu  (UPWA),  Secretary- 
Treasurer;  Henri  Jean  (IUE),  L.  Mc- 
Cormack  (UMW),  D.  Archambault  (UAW), 
G.  Freve  (ACWA),  R.  Goedike  (Brewers), 
R.  Martin  (IWA)  and  L.  Packwood 
(OWIU),  Directors. 


1010 


Report  of  the  New  Brunswick 

Department  of  Labour  for  1952 

Good    labour    relations,    increasing     enrolment    of    apprentices,    en- 
couraging  results  from  safety  research,  highlights  of  year's  activities 


Good  labour  relations,  an  increasing 
enrolment  of  apprentices,  and  encouraging 
results  from  the  first  three  months'  opera- 
tion of  a  research  project  in  industrial 
safety  were  among  the  developments 
reported  by  the  New  Brunswick  Depart- 
ment of  Labour  in  its  review  of  activities 
during  the  fiscal  year  ending  March  31,  1952. 

The  Department  is  responsible  for  the 
administration  of  the  Factories  Act,  the 
Stationary  Engineers'  Act,  the  Apprentice- 
ship Act,  the  Labour  Relations  Act,  the 
Minimum  Wage  Act,  the  Industrial 
Standards  Act  and  the  Trades  Examination 
Act. 

New  Legislation 

A  general  revision  of  the  New  Brunswick 
Statutes  was  completed  at  the  1952  session 
of  the  Legislature.  The  principal  changes 
in  labour  legislation  consisted  of  amend- 
ments to  the  Labour  Relations  Act  (L.G., 
1952,  p.  1603), 

Labour  Relations 

Nineteen  requests  were  granted  during 
the  year  for  a  conciliation  officer  or  a 
conciliation  board  to  assist  in  settling 
disputes.  Conciliation  boards  were  estab- 
lished in  six  disputes;  in  four  disputes 
an  Industrial  Inquiry  Commission  was 
appointed. 

"In  many  cases,"  the  report  states,  "there 
was  found  to  be  an  almost  complete  lack 
of  real  collective  bargaining,  prior  to  or 
during  the  early  stages  of  conciliation,  the 
parties  to  the  disputes  showing  a  definite 
tendency  to  rely  on  the  conciliation  officer 
or  conciliation  board  for  settlement  of  their 
difficulties." 

In  spite  of  this  increased  demand  for 
conciliation  services,  labour  relations  were 
good  generally.  Only  four  strikes  occurred, 
resulting  in  a  time-loss  of  6,100  man- 
working  days. 

Increased  activity  in  union  organizing  is 
indicated  by  the  55  applications  received 
by  the  Labour  Relations  Board  for  certifi- 
cation of  bargaining  agents.  Of  these,  32 
were  granted,  five  dismissed,  four  with- 
drawn and  14  were  pending  at  the  end  of 


the  year.  There  were  three  applications 
for  revocation  of  certification  of  bargain- 
ing agents,  one  of  which  was  granted  and 
two  dismissed. 

The  Board's  order  certifying  Local  No.  4 
of  the  Canadian  Fish  Handlers'  Union  as 
bargaining  agent  for  the  employees  of 
Gorton-Pew  (New  Brunswick)  Limited  was 
later  quashed  by  the  New  Brunswick 
Appeal  Court  on  the  grounds  that  the 
Board  had  failed  to  make  a  proper  inquiry 
into  the  qualifications  of  the  applicant 
union,  which,  in  the  view  of  the  court, 
was  not  a  properly  constituted  trade  union 
(L.G,  1952,  p.  613).  The  text  of  the 
written  reasons  for  its  decision  to  grant 
certification  which  the  Board  issued  in  this 
case  is  set  forth  in  the  report. 

The  Board  granted  one  union  applica- 
tion for  leave  to  prosecute  an  employer 
for  an  alleged  unfair  labour  practice.  No 
court  action,  however,  was  taken  by  the 
union. 

Minimum  Wages 

During  the  year  departmental  inspectors 
made  many  investigations  of  alleged  viola- 
tions in  addition  to  the  usual  routine 
inspections. 

A  new  minimum  wage  order  providing 
for  a  minimum  wage  of  55  cents  an  hour 
for  all  male  employees  engaged  in  the 
canning  or  processing  of  fish,  vegetables  or 
fruits  went  into  effect  on  July  9,  1951  (L.G., 
1951,  p.  1394). 

Industrial  Standards 

Renewals  of  industrial  standards  schedules 
for  the  carpentry  and  plumbing  and  pipe- 
fitting  trades  in  the  Saint  John  zone  put 
into  effect  higher  minimum  wage  rates.  A 
schedule  covering  the  electrical  trade  in 
Moncton  was  renewed  without  change. 
Schedules  were  issued  for  the  first  time  in 
the  electrical,  painting,  decorating  and 
paper-hanging  trades  in  the  Saint  John 
area  and  in  the  plumbing  and  steamfitting 
trade  in  the  Moncton  zone. 

Numerous  inspections  and  investigations 
were  made  by  inspectors  on  the  recom- 
mendations   of    the    Advisory    Committees 


1011 


and  in  only  one  case  was  it  necessary  to 
take  court  action  for  violation  of  a 
schedule. 

Factory  Inspection 

Inspection  of  676  plants  employing  18,725 
men  and  6,656  women  during  the  year 
resulted  in  654  recommendations  for  an 
improvement  in  existing  conditions.  In 
some  cases  the  provision  of  better 
machinery  safeguards  was  recommended;  in 
others,  recommendations  had  to  do  with 
properly  equipped  welfare  facilities  and 
proper  safety  clothing  and  equipment, 
improvement  in  ventilation  and  heating, 
reduction  of  the  working  hours  of  women 
and  young  persons,  the  inspection  of  boilers 
and  pressure  vessels,  and  the  licensing  of 
stationary  engineers  and  boilermen. 

Industrial  Safety  Research— An  impor- 
tant development  in  the  safety  work  of  the 
Department  was  the  experimental  program 
undertaken  in  co-operation  with  the  New 
Brunswick  Power  Commission  to  control 
accidents  within  the  Commission's  opera- 
tions. The  project  is  the  first  step  in  an 
attempt  to  reduce  the  number  of  accidents 
in  industry  generally. 

In  August  1951,  the  Minister  of  Labour 
invited  representatives  of  the  New  Bruns- 
wick Accident  Prevention  Association  and 
the  Workmen's  Compensation  Board  to 
meet  with  him  and  officials  of  his  Depart- 
ment to  discuss  improved  methods  of 
controlling  accidents  in  industry.  A  six- 
man  working  committee,  representative  of 
all  groups  concerned,  was  established  to 
make  definite  plans  to  assist  industry  in 
reducing  accidents  to  a  minimum. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  committee 
the  proposed  safety  program  for  the  New 
Brunswick  Power  Commission  outlined  by 
the  Department  of  Labour  representatives 
was  adopted  with  some  suggested  changes. 
The  committee  was  of  the  opinion  that  the 
practical  experience  with  safety  matters 
gained  in  this  experiment  might  enable  the 
Department  to  work  out  a  model  safety 
program  which  could  be  made  available  to 
other  industries. 

The  initial  work  undertaken  was  the 
analysis  by  an  official  of  the  Department 
of  Labour  of  each  accident  that  occurred 
to  employees  of  the  Commission  during 
1950  and  1951.  The  results  of  this 
preliminary  survey  indicated  that  88  per 
cent  of  the  Commission's  occupational 
accidents  were  caused  chiefly  by  the  unsafe 
acts  of  persons,  only  about  12  per  cent  by 
unsafe  conditions  or  by  a  lack  of  proper 
safety  equipment.  It  was  therefore 
decided    that    efforts    should    be    directed 


towards  the  elimination  of  these  unsafe  acts 
by  basing  the  program  on  education  and 
discipline.  A  series  of  charts  were  pre- 
pared for  the  use  of  supervisors  and 
employees  showing  the  cause  of  accidents 
and  where  and  how  they  happened.  The 
supervisors  were  asked  to  state  how,  in 
their  opinion,  the  accidents  could  have 
been  prevented. 

The  results  of  this  program  for  the 
first  three  months  of  its  operation,  from 
January  1  to  March  31,  1952,  the  report 
states,  were  most  encouraging.  There  was 
a  12  per  cent  reduction  in  the  frequency 
of  accidents  and  a  95  per  cent  reduction 
in  the  amount  paid  out  by  the  Workmen's 
Compensation  Board  for  accidents  to 
employees  of  the  Commission. 

Employment  of  Children — Local  advisory 
committees  continued  to  assist  the  Depart- 
ment in  administering  Section  6  of  the 
Factories  Act,  which  prohibits  the  employ- 
ment in  factories  of  children  under  16  years 
of  age  without  the  written  authorization  of 
the  Minister  of  Labour.  These  advisory 
committees,  which  are  representative  of  the 
local  school  authorities,  the  local  police,  the 
Juvenile  Courts  and  societies  interested  in 
child  welfare,  deal  with  applications  in  their 
respective  localities  and  make  recommenda- 
tions to  the  Minister. 

At  the  end  of  the  year  under  review, 
local  child  employment  committees  were 
operating  in  Saint  John,  Shippigan, 
Moncton,  Baie  St.  Anne,  St.  Stephen  and 
Grand  Manan.  Where  there  is  no  local 
advisory  committee,  each  application  for 
permission  to  work  must  be  accompanied 
by  written  consent  of  the  parents  or 
guardian  of  the  child  and  of  the  local 
school  authorities. 

Boiler  Inspection 

During  the  year,  346  uninsured  boilers 
and  1,132  uninsured  pressure  vessels  were 
inspected  and  inspection  certificates  issued. 
During  the  same  period,  a  total  of  2,136 
licences  and  17  certificates  of  competency, 
either  new  or  renewals,  were  issued  to 
stationary  engineers  and  boilermen. 

Apprenticeship  Training 

The  increase  in  the  number  of  certificates 
of  completion  of  apprenticeship  issued 
during  the  year,  and  in  the  enrolment  of 
apprentices  in  almost  all  trades,  indicated 
"that  the  apprenticeship  training  program 
is  proving  in  practice  to  be  a  sound  way 
of  training  tradesmen".  At  March  31, 
1952,  there  were  662  active  apprentices,  an 
increase  of  165  over  the  number  in  1951. 
In     the     comparatively     short     time     the 


1012 


Department  has  been  carrying  on  appren- 
ticeship work  there  has  been  a  steady 
increase  in  the  number  of  employers  and 
employees  who  are  ready  to  co-operate  in 
producing  better  tradesmen. 

The  Department  continued  to  conduct 
full-time  pre-employment  training  classes 
for  persons  wishing  to  become  apprentices. 
The  usual  length  of  this  type  of  training 
was  six  months,  during  which  period  the 
trainees  were  paid  subsistence  allowances. 
By  the  end  of  the  year  under  review  33 
young  men  were  taking  pre-employment 
training  in  the  following  trades:  carpentry, 
motor  vehicle  repair,  auto  body  and 
fender  repair  welding,  electrical,  cabinet 
making  and  machine  shop. 

The  policy  of  requiring  trainees,  in  order 
to  become  eligible  for  allowances,  to  be 
sponsored  by  an  employer  who  would  give 
reasonable  assurance  that  he  would  accept 
the  trainee  as  an  apprentice  on  the  com- 
pletion of  his  course,  was  found  to  be  too 
restrictive  in  practice.  Discussions  were 
under  way  at  the  end  of  the  year  to 
modify  this  policy. 

Full-time  refresher  courses  in  the  trades 
of  motor  vehicle  repair,  electrical,  machinist, 
auto  body  and  fender  repair,  millwright 
and  carpentry  were  given  to  21  indentured 
apprentices.  These  courses  lasted  from 
three  to  13  weeks,  depending  on  the 
requirements  of  the  apprentice  at  the 
particular  time  and  on  the  arrangement 
that  could  be  made  for  his  release  by  his 
employer. 

A  total  of  255  apprentices  attended  the 
part-time  classes  of  four  hours  per  week 
in  trade  theory  and  practical  work  con- 
ducted in  various  centres  throughout  the 
province  during  the  winter  of  1951-1952. 

The  correspondence  school  courses,  which 
were  used  in  centres  where  no  facilities  for 
part-time  classes  were  available,  are  largely 
being  replaced  by  the  self-study  courses 
prepared  by  the  Apprenticeship  Branch. 
These  courses,  together  with  part-time 
classes  and  full-time  refresher  courses,  are 
proving  to  be  a  more  effective  method  of 
training.  Correspondence  courses  are  still 
being  provided,  however,  for  switchboard 
operators  and  stationary  engineers. 

The  same  methods  of  training  have  also 
been   found   more   satisfactory   for   appren- 


tices indentured'  with  the  New  Brunswick 
Electric  Power  Commission.  Correspond- 
ence courses  are  still  available  to  the 
Commission's  apprentice  switchboard  oper- 
ators and  stationary  engineers  in  remote 
centres.  A  self-study  course  for  apprentice 
linemen  to  replace  the  correspondence 
course  formerly  used  is  being  drawn  up  by 
the  Apprenticeship  Branch  in  co-operation 
with  the  New  Brunswick  Commission  and 
the  Hydro-Electric  Power  Commission  of 
Ontario. 

The  Director  of  Apprenticeship  and  the 
field  staff  continued  to  give  careful  atten- 
tion to  training  on  the  job,  which  they 
consider  to  be  the  most  important  phase 
of  the  apprentice's  training.  The  progress 
record  booklets  of  each  apprentice  are 
checked  regularly  by  the  field  supervisor 
and  transfers  from  one  employer  to  another 
are  arranged  for  the  apprentice  when  an 
employer  is  not  able  to  provide  him  with 
satisfactory  training.  The  supervisors  also 
continue  to  assist  in  smoothing  out  differ- 
ences which  may  arise  between  an  appren- 
tice and  his  employer  and  make  every 
effort  to  ensure  that  both  parties  accept 
their  responsibilities  as  laid  down  in  the 
contract  of  apprenticeship. 

Progress  is  noted  in  the  preparation  of 
training  syllabi.  A  draft  "Outline  of  the 
Auto  Body  and  Fender  Repair  Trade  and 
Progress  Record  of  an  Apprentice"  was 
issued  to  all  indentured  apprentices  and  a 
revision  of  the  "Outline  of  the  Carpentry 
Trade"  was  under  consideration  at  the  end 
of  the  year. 

The  Director  of  Apprenticeship  convened 
a  number  of  meetings  with  representatives 
of  employers  and  employees  in  various 
centres  to  discuss  mutual  problems.  Many 
improvements  were  made  as  a  result  of 
these  discussions.  Following  consultation 
with  employer  and  employee  representa- 
tives in  the  motor  vehicle  repair  trade,  a 
great  deal  of  work  was  accomplished 
preparatory  to  the  setting  up  of  local  trade 
advisory  committees  in  the  trade. 

Certification  of  Electricians 

Of  the  64  candidates  examined  under 
the  Trades  Examination  Act  for  certificates 
of  qualification  in  the  electrical  trade,  40 
were  successful. 


Personal  disposable  income  of  Canadians  in  1952 — that  is,  personal  income  less 
personal  direct  taxes — rose  by  $1,070,000,000  or  seven  per  cent  over  1951.  At  the  same 
time,  personal  expenditure  rose  by  $1,037,000,000,  leaving  personal  saving  relatively 
unchanged  at  $1,419,000,000,  compared  with  $1,386,000,000  in  1951. 

— Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics. 

1013 


International 
Labour   Organization 


Minister  of  Labour  Addresses 

International  Labour  Conference 

Tells  36th  Session  that  important  thing  in  efforts  to  increase  pro- 
ductivity is  to  make  sure  all  share  in  the  benefits.  Claude  Jodoin, 
Canadian  workers'   delegate,  joins  him   in   endorsing  assistance   plans 


Speaking  at  the  36th  session  of  the 
International  Labour  Conference  at  Geneva, 
the  Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  of 
Labour,  told  the  assembled  delegates  that 
the  "important  thing"  in  efforts  to  increase 
productivity  was  "to  strive  to  establish  the 
general  conditions  whereby  each  group  in 
the  country  may  have  confidence  that  it 
shares  equitably,  directly  and  indirectly,  in 
the  general  economic  improvement".  A 
total  of  570  titular  delegates  and  advisers 
from  58  member  countries  attended  the 
General  Conference  which  began  its  sessions 
June  4. 

Mr.  Gregg  pointed  out  that  the  conven- 
tions, recommendations  and  declarations 
adopted  by  the  ILO  were  visible  symbols 
of  the  "only  kind  of  war  we  all  like  to 
fight — the  war  against  poverty  and  social 
injustice".  The  Minister  stated  that  the 
spirit  of  understanding  in  which  the  various 
delegates  assembled  was  even  more 
important,  for  it  was  through  understanding 
and  a  sharing  of  ideas  in  the  common 
efforts  to  succeed  that  the  barriers  of 
language,  training  and  custom  would  be 
overcome. 

Referring  to  the  annual  report  of  the 
director-general,  David  A.  Morse,  the 
Minister  noted  that  the  special  theme  this 
year  was  productivity  and  he  expressed  the 
hope  that  the  report  would  do  much  to 
dispel  uncertainties  on  the  part  of  labour, 
management  and  government  which  might 
otherwise  cause  them  to  support  measures 
which  thwarted  rather  than  encouraged 
increased  productivity.  Mr.  Gregg  added 
that  productivity  had  different  aspects  in 
different  countries  and  was  dependent  upon 
such  matters  as  the  degree  of  industrial- 
ization. He  noted  that  Canada  was  a 
country  in  the  midst  of  a  rapid  industrial 
expansion. 

Because  Canada's  growth  was  partly  due 
to  manpower  and  capital  from  beyond  her 
borders  and  because  much  of  her  national 


income  was  derived  from  international 
trade,  Canada  was  "firmly  pledged  to  inter- 
national co-operation  in  this  field — through 
the  study  not  only  of  tariff  and  monetary 
questions,  but  also  of  the  means  whereby 
each  country  can  maintain  high  employ- 
ment and  income  levels,"  Mr.  Gregg  added. 

The  Minister  pointed  out  that  Canada  as 
a  nation  had  everything  to  gain  from  the 
success  of  the  ILO's  objectives,  not  only 
within  her  own  boundaries  but  in  other 
countries  as  well,  and  gave  her  support  to 
such  schemes  as  technical  assistance  and  to 
other  "form  of  aid"  which  were  designed 
to  increase  productivity  in  those  areas  and 
countries  where  there  was  a  special  need 
for  industrial  development. 

The  ILO,  Mr.  Gregg  continued,  says  to 
all  who  are  concerned  with  productivity 
not  only  "How  can  productivity  be 
increased?"  but  also  "For  whose  benefit 
do  we  seek  to  raise  productivity?"  This 
is  "a  challenge  to  the  conscience  that  can- 
not be  ignored,"  he  added. 

"Though  we  would  all  agree,"  the  Min- 
ister went  on,  "that  benefits  should  go  as 
widely  as  possible  to  all  who  have  a  stake 
in  an  enterprise,  as  well  as  to  members  of 
the  community  as  a  whole,  there  is  much 
room  for  discussion  as  to  the  means  by 
which  this  may  best  be  doiK  "  Such 
discussion  should  not  take  place  Horn  any 
narrow  viewpoint,  he  cautioned. 

"Any  attempt  to  determine  the  precise 
ratio  in  which  rewards  should  accrue  is 
doomed  to  failure,"  he  declared.  "The 
important  thing  is  to  strive  to  establish  the 
general  conditions  whereby  each  group  in 
the  country  may  have  confidence  that  it 
shares  equitably,  directly  or  indirectly,  in 
the   general  economic   improvement." 

Pointing  out  that  productivity  gains  can 
reach  their  maximum  only  with  the  "full 
consent"  of  those  engaged  in  the  produc- 
tion processes,  Mr.  Gregg  declared  that  "we 
must  ever  keep  in  mind  the  human  factors 
involved". 


1014 


Approve  Recommendation  Fixing  Minimum  Age  in  Coal  Mines 


The  general  conference  of  the  Inter- 
national Labour  Organization,  at  the 
end  of  its  first  week  of  deliberations, 
gave  its  approval  to  a  formal  Recom- 
mendation fixing  16  years  as  the 
minimum  age  for  underground  work  in 
coal  mines.  The  Recommendation  was 
referred  to  the  Conference  drafting 
committee  for  final  editing  and  will 
come  before  the  Conference  again  for 
a  recorded  vote,  in  which  a  two-thirds' 
majority  of  the  votes  cast  will  be 
required  for  its  final  adoption. 

Under  the  ILO's  constitution,  mem- 
ber countries  are  obliged  to  consider 
Recommendations  with  a  view  to  giving 
effect  to  them  by  legislation  or  other 
action.     They  are  not,  however,  subject 


to  ratification  as  are'ILO  Conventions. 

The  Recommendation  was  approved 
by  the  Conference  on  the  unanimous 
recommendation  of  the  government- 
employer-worker  committee  which  exam- 
ined the  proposal  for  its  adoption. 

Speaking  in  the  discussion  of  the 
committee's  report,  Geoffrey  C.  Veysey, 
British  Under-Secretary  of  Labour  and 
National  Service,  said  that  adoption  of 
the  Recommendation  "should  constitute 
a  real  step  forward  in  safeguarding  the 
well-being  of  young  workers  in  coal 
mines".  He  pointed  out  that  a  con- 
siderable amount  of  coal  was  mined  in 
countries  where  the  minimum  age  was 
below  the  standard  of  16  proposed  in 
the  text. 


"Opportunities  for  economic  improve- 
ment must  be  available,  not  only  for 
industrial  enterprise,  but  also  for  every 
member  of  the  community,"  Mr.  Gregg 
continued.  Governments  can  assist  greatly 
in  creating  a  favourable  climate  for  enter- 
prise, he  explained,  through  their  economic 
and  social  policies,  through  their  provision 
of  research  facilities,  of  educational  and 
training  opportunities,  together  with  skilled 
job-counselling  and  placement  services,  and 
in  many  other  ways. 

As  a  foundation  upon  which  individuals 
and  business  could  base  increased  produc- 
tivity, Mr.  Gregg  pointed  to  the  overall 
objective  of  a  "sound  minimum  level  of 
economic  security  for  all  people".  The 
maintenance  of  a  high  level  of  employment 
and  income  should  be  our  goal.  As  a 
corollary  to  effective  collective  bargaining, 
the  Minister  called  for  a  "solid  body  of 
protective  legislation — for  both  workers  and 
employers"  This  should  include  minimum 
wage  le  j,cion,  workmen's  compensation, 
unemployment  insurance,  factory  inspec- 
tion, and  the  protection  of  the  health  and 
safety  of  workers,  Mr.  Gregg  said. 

Apart  from  legislation,  the  Minister  cited 
the  importance  of  fostering  the  kind  of 
labour-management  relations  that  would 
tend  towards  higher  productivity  and  a  fair 
distribution  of  the  benefits.  This  depended 
to  a  considerable  extent  upon  the  existence 
of  a  "free,  strong  and  independent  trade 
union  movement,"  the  Minister  stated. 
Canada,  he  noted,  has  endeavoured  to 
realize  such  objectives. 

Mr.  Gregg  then  listed  some  of  the 
measures  Canada  has  undertaken  to  estab- 


lish a  basic  level  of  economic  and  social 
security  and  to  foster  good  labour- 
management  relations.  These  included  the 
expansion  of  employment  opportunities  for 
certain  groups  who  have  particular 
problems,  such  as  disabled  workers,  female 
workers  and  older  workers;  the  co-ordina- 
tion on  a  national  scale  of  efforts  to 
rehabilitate  disabled  employees;  the  study 
of  the  role  of  the  older  worker  whose- 
retirement  at  a  specified  age  is  not 
always  the  "desirable  objective",  the 
approval  of  Parliament  to  establish  within 
the  federal  Department  of  Labour  a 
women's  bureau;  the  enactment  of  federal 
legislation  forbidding  discrimination  by 
employers  or  unions  against  any  person 
on  account  of  race,  creed,  colour  or 
national  origin;  and  the  tension  of  social 
security  measures. 

In  Mr.  Gregg's  opinion,  one  of  the 
greatest  hopes  for  continued  gains  in 
productivity  lay  in  the  field  of  industrial 
relations.  Referring  again  to  Canada,  he 
stated  that  the  objectives  of  collective 
bargaining  have  been  sought  for  the  most 
part  without  government  intervention. 

The  Labour  Minister  pointed  out  that 
Canadian  labour  relations  legislation  is 
designed  to  establish  orderly  procedures  to 
aid  labour  and  management  in  those 
instances  where  they  are  unable  to  reach 
an  agreement  by  themselves;  the  Gov- 
ernment exercises  no  form  of  compulsion 
as  to  what  the  exact  contents  of  a 
collective  agreement  should  be. 

"We  find  that  freely-negotiated  deci- 
sions, crucial  to  our  economic  welfare,  are 
being  made  in  thousands  of  separate  agree- 


75802—4 


1015 


Three  Speakers  at 
International  Labour 
Conference,  Geneva 


Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  of  Labour,  attended 
some  of  the  early  sessions  of  the  International  Labour 
Conference,  delivered  an  address  at  June  8  session. 


ments,  each  attuned  to  the  needs  of  a 
particular  project  and  community,  and 
each  contributing  its  part  to  a  complex 
national  pattern,"  he  said. 

Mr.  Gregg  stated  that  when  the  worker, 
through  joint  consultation  machinery,  is 
able  to  invoke  the  grievance  and  other 
clauses  in  his  contract  to  maintain  his 
rights,  he  is  in  a  more  secure  position, 
"and  this  in  itself  is  usually  conducive  to 
improved  productivity." 

He  thought  that  many  employers  realize 
that  the  collective  agreement  has  much 
potential  value  to  management  as  well  as 
to  labour.  Management's  interest  is 
increasing  in  human  relations  and  in  the 
factors  that  make  for  satisfaction  on  the 
job  and,  thus,  for  good  production,  accord- 
ing to  the  Minister.  Unions,  on  the  other 
hand,  are  taking  into  consideration  to  a 
greater  extent  the  problems  of  the 
economy  as  a  whole,  of  their  industry,  of 
their  community  and  of  their  enterprise, 
as  well  as  their  own  position. 


"It  is  in  this  spirit,"  Mr.  Gregg  said, 
"that  we  may  begin  to  feel  confident  that 
our  human,  as  well  as  our  material 
resources,  are  being  more  fully  developed 
and  utilized  to  the  advantage  of  all." 

In  the  expansion  of  Canada's  new 
resources  and  of  her  already  established 
industries,  Mr.  Gregg  pointed  out  that 
labour-management  relations  "have  been, 
on  the  whole,  constructive  and  harmonious. 
Gains  in  productivity  have  occurred  and 
have  been  distributed  in  higher  business 
returns,  in  increased  real  earnings  and  in 
more  leisure  time.  This  is  a  tribute  to 
both  employers  and  unions,"  the  Minister 
stated. 

The  success  of  collective  bargaining  is  a 
"wholesome  alternative"  to  the  doctrines 
of  the  early  revolutionists,  Mr.  Gregg 
declared.  "Whereas  they  envisaged  con- 
st an  1  conflict,  to  be  resolved  through  an 
overthrow  of  the  economic  system,  we  see 


1016 


Senator  Irving  Ives  of  New  York  (left),  head  of  the  United  States  Government  dele- 
gation to  the  International  Labour  Conference,  who  was  elected  Conference  President, 
is  shown  discussing  the  agenda  with  the  Director-General  of  the  ILO,  David  A.  Morse. 


this  freedom  for  sections  in  our  economic 
community  to  gather  for  constructive 
discussion,  to  put  forward  their  views 
openly  and  fearlessly,  and  to  reach 
mutually  acceptable  compromises  as  the 
very  basis  of  our  Canadian  society. 

"Free  and  frank  discussions,  carried  on  in 
an  organized  way,  which  we  know  today 
as  collective  bargaining,  are  tangible  expres- 
sions of  our  democratic  life." 

While  it  has  been  argued  that  economic 
systems  such  as  ours  contain  such  inherent 
contradictions  that  eventually  they  must 
perish,  Mr.  Gregg  thought  the  evidence  of 
recent  years  plainly  indicated  that  we  have 
a  flexible  rather  than  a  rigid  system  that, 
utilized  with  integrity  and  good  will,  can 
adjust  itself  to  meet  any  problems  that 
may  arise  and,  at  the  same  time,  carry 
us  forward  in  the  traditions  of  freedom. 

The  objectives  in  labour-management 
relations  he  mentioned  have  not  been  fully 
realized  in  Canada,  the  Minister  said,  but 
they     are     reflections     of     an     encouraging 


75802—41 


attitude  emerging  in  Canadian  society. 
This  attitude  is  not  something  imposed 
on  the  people  by  the  Government;  it  is 
something  that  is  finding  its  own  growth 
in  a  spirit  of  compromise  and  under  the 
urge  of  freedom. 

In  this  spirit,  Canada  continues  to  share 
in  programs  designed  to  lay  a  secure  and 
permanent  foundation  for  world  peace,  Mr. 
Gregg  stated. 

Claude  Jodoin 

Canada's  workers'  delegate,  Claude  Jodoin, 
Vice-President  of  the  Trades  and  Labour 
Congress  of  Canada,  pointed  out  to  the 
Conference  that  in  the  field  of  social 
security  Canada  "made  some  progress"  but 
still  had  "a  long  way  to  go".  He 
enumerated  the  improvements  Canadian 
labour  would  like  to  have  made  in  old 
age  pensions,  widowed  mothers'  allow- 
ances, unemployment  insurance  and 
national  health  insurance. 

1017 


Mr.  Jodoin  said  that  the  Canadian 
Government,  which  he  described  as  "the 
largest  single  employer  in  Canada,"  had 
consistently  refused  to  take  the  lead  in 
employment  conditions  and  in  rates  of 
remuneration  but  recently  had  been 
making  substantial  strides  towards  better- 
ing the  working  conditions  of  its  employees. 
"In  this,"  he  stated,  "it  seems  fair  to  say 
that  our  Government  has  been  guided  in 
large  part  by  the  basic  decisions  reached" 
in  ILO  conferences. 

Both  the  Government  and  private 
employers  in  Canada  had  been  influenced 
'in  the  best  sense"  by  the  deliberations 
and  conclusions  of  the  ILO,  he  declared. 

"We  in  Canada  have  readily  subscribed 
to  the  value  and  desirability  of  assistance 
to  those  countries  with  special  need  for 
industrial  development,"  Mr.  Jodoin  said. 
"In  seeking  economic  security  and  a  rising 
standard  of  living  for  ourselves  we  recog- 
nize that  this  can  never  be  fully  accom- 
plished while  others  in  other  countries  are 
without  either.  We  know  full  well  that 
dictatorship  of  whatever  sort,  be  it  of  the 
right  or  left,  feeds  and  fattens  on  starving, 
frustrated  and  insecure  people. 

"Freedom  reaches  its  fullness  of  stature 
in  conditions  of  economic  security  and 
rising  living  standards.  Peace  will  begin 
to  have  practical  meaning  only  when  the 
whole  world  has  a  full  dinner  pail." 
Canadians,  he  added,  fully  endorse  the 
assistance  programs  and  are  ready  and 
willing  to  give  them  the  greatest  possible 
support. 

"The  workers  of  Canada  are  proud  of 
their  participation  in  the  work  of  the 
ILO."  Mr.  Jodoin  said  in  conclusion. 
"The  Organization  has  proved  in  the  past 
the  necessity  of  its  existence  for  fostering 
co-operation  and  understanding  between 
races  all  over  the  world." 

Senator  Ives,  Conference  President 

In  an  address  after  his  unanimous  elec- 
tion as  President  of  the  Conference, 
Irving   M.  Ives,  senior  Senator  from   New 


York,  told  the  delegates  that  "no  agree- 
ments among  men  can  be  lasting  unless 
they  are  entered  into  willingly  and  with 
a  sense  of  justice". 

He  added:  "A  compact  forced  upon  one 
party  by  another,  or  forced  upon  both  by 
a  third  party,  is  not  a  compact  at  all — 
it  is  duress."  He  expressed  the  hope  that 
eventually  "reason,  intelligence  and  good- 
will" would  entirely  replace  compulsion. 

Senator  Ives  brought  to  the  Conference 
the  greetings  and  good  wishes  of  President 
Eisenhower,  who  felt  that  the  delegates 
could  look  confidently  to  the  future  with 
the  knowledge  that  the  ILO  was  an 
influential  organization  in  world  affairs  and 
had  accomplished  much. 

Senator  Ives  concluded  his  remarks  by 
noting  that  states  could  not  isolate  them- 
selves from  "economic  illness"  within  other 
countries  and  pointed  out  that  the  ILO 
had  always  known  that  prosperity  could 
be  neither  isolated  nor  confined  to  any  one 
group. 

Warning  About  Mass  Unemployment 

A  warning  to  the  delegates  to  be  on  the 
alert  against  mass  unempkonnent  was 
sounded  by  A.  A.  Van  Rhijn,  Netherlands 
Secretary  of  State  for  Social  Affairs,  who 
stated  that  there  was  always  the  possibility 
of  "new  recessions  which  might  spread  ail 
over  the  world  like  an  oil  stain". 

He  expressed  the  hope  that  as  soon  as 
defence  programs  were  completed,  produc- 
tion of  war  materials  might  be  reduced. 
He  further  expressed  concern  over  the 
international  trade  picture  and  pointed  out 
that  Europe  desired  trade  and  not  aid. 

Canadian  Participation 

The  Canadian  delegates  to  the  Confer- 
ence were  participating  in  the  discussions 
of  the  following  committees:  resolutions, 
workers'  health,  minimum  age  in  coal 
mines,  the  committee  on  labour  depart- 
ments and  the  committee  on  the  com- 
position of  the  ILO  Governing  Body. 


A  milestone  in  the  efforts  of  the  International  Labour  Organization  extending  over 
34  years  to  improve  the  working  conditions  of  women  was  reached  May  23  of  this  year. 
On  that  date,  an  international  convention  came  into  force  which  binds  countries  ratifying 
it  to  promote  equal  pay  for  men  and  women  for  work  of  equal  value. 

The  covention  is  No.  100  in  a  series  of  103  such  international  agreements  adopted 
by  the  ILO  since  1919.  Its  main  provision  declares  that  each  member  country  shall,  "by 
means  appropriate  to  the  methods  in  operation  for  determining  rates  of  remuneration, 
promote  and,  in  so  far  as  is  consistent  with  such  methods,  ensure  the  application  to  all 
workers  of  the  principle  of  equal  remuneration  for  men  and  women  workers  for  work  of 
equal  value. 


1018 


TEAMWORK 
in  INDUSTRY 


For  the  27th  consecutive  year,  the 
System  Committee,  Canadian  National 
Railway  Union-Management  Co-operative 
Movement,  Motive  Power  and  Car  Equip- 
ment Section,  held  its  annual  meeting  in 
Montreal  recently.  A.  C.  Melanson,  chief 
of  the  section,  expressed  to  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  shop  craft  unions  man- 
agement's appreciation  of  the  co-operation 
extended  by  the  employees  during  the 
year.  He  drew  particular  attention  to  the 
difficult  period  of  transition  from  steam  to 
diesel  power.  During  his  address,  Mr. 
Melanson  reviewed  the  task  of  re-organiz- 
ing steam  repair  facilities  in  the  various 
shops  in  order  to  handle  diesel  operations 
and  said  that  the  co-operation  of  the  shop- 
crafts  has  assured  the  success  of  the 
program. 

Speaking  on  behalf  of  the  employees, 
J.  J.  Cuppello,  President,  Canadian 
National  Railway  System  Federation  No. 
11,  Railroad  Employees  Department,  Divi- 
sion No.  4,  AFL,  expressed  his  pleasure 
at  management's  appreciation  of  past 
co-operation  and  felt  certain  that  it  would 
be  maintained.  He  said  that  the  oppor- 
tunity for  labour  and  management  to 
consult  together,  afforded  by  the  co- 
operative committees,  was  greatly  prized  by 
the  employees. 

*        *        * 

Writing  in  the  Co-operator,  published  by 
the  Industry  Council  Association  of  New 
York,  Pat  Conroy,  Canadian  Labour 
Attache  in  Washington,  has  evaluated  the 
work  of  Labour-Management  Production 
Committees  in  Canada.  Mr.  Conroy,  a 
former  member  of  the  Labour-Management 
Co-operation  Service  Advisory  Committee, 
has  been  closely  associated  with  this  work. 
Mr.  Conroy  said,  in  part: — 

"The  joint  production  committees  are 
establishing  a  day-to-day  permanent  means 
of  communication  between  labour  and 
management.  By  working  together,  they 
get  to  know  one  another.  Surprisingly 
enough,  in  most  cases,  through  the  joint 
production  committees,  labour  and  manage- 
ment men  are  finding  out  that  both  are 
not  nearly  as  bad  as  they  had  painted 
themselves,  and  that  they  can  talk  to  each 
other   in   broader   terms    than    in   the    con- 


fined   area    of    reference    to    each    other's 
ancestors. 

"The  joint  committees  are  a  leavening 
force  in  industrial,  relations.  They  are 
helping  in  this  all-important  field,  where 
the  temptation  is  to  do  damage  in  place 
of  good.  They  are  helping  production  also, 
but  that — curiously  enough — is  at  first 
glance  a  secondary  consideration. 

"Joint  production  committees  are  no 
new  wonder  drug.  They  do  not  offer  over- 
night results.  They  will  not  change  the 
face  of  the  earth.    They  are  not  a  panacea. 

"They  are,  by  the  test  of  experience,  a 
good,  sound,  and  constructive  aid  to  assist 
people  to  work  together.  Every  nation  and 
people  must  find  the  means  best  suited  to 
this  end.  We  in  Canada  believe  that  joint 
production  committees  have  proved  to  be 
beneficial.  We  intend  to  continue  them, 
enlarging  their  numbers  and  making  them 
work  better  for  the  whole  community." 
*        *        * 

The  British  Productivity  Council, 
successor  to  the  Anglo-American  Produc- 
tivity Council,  has  launched  a  campaign 
to  raise  the  level  of  productivity  and 
industrial  efficiency  in  all  trades  and 
services  in  Great  Britain.  The  attitude 
of  the  Trades  Union  Congress  General 
Council  to  the  campaign  was  defined  by 
Sir  Lincoln  Evans,  General  Secretary  of  the 
Iron  and  Steel  Trades  Confederation.  Sir 
Lincoln  said: — 

"The  central  purpose  of  trade  unions  is 
to  obtain,  as  far  as  conditions  permit,  as 
high  a  standard  of  living  as  they  can  for 
those  they  represent.  This  is  really  the 
be-all  and  end-all  of  their  existence.  Low 
productivity  spells  low  standards,  high 
productivity  means  high  standards,  or  at 
least  provides  the  conditions  under  which 
they  can  be  obtained." 

The  main  purpose  of  the  Council  is 
to  put  into  operation  plans  for  spreading 
the  best  industrial  "know-how"  among 
employers,  management,  and  workers.  Co- 
operating in  the  project  are  the  Trades 
Union  Congress,  the  British  Employers 
Confederation,  the  Federation  of  British 
Industries,  the  Association  of  Chambers  of 
Commerce,  and  the  nationalized  industries. 


Establishment  of  Labour-Management 
Production  Committees  (LMPCs)  is 
encouraged  and  assisted  by  the  Labour- 
Management  Co-operation  Service,  In- 
dustrial Relations  Branch,  Department 
of  Labour.  In  addition  to  field  repre- 
sentatives located  in  key  industrial 
centres,  who  are  available  to  help  both 
managements  and  trade  unions  set  up 
LMPCs,  the  Service  provides  publicity 
aids  in  the  form  of  booklets,  films  and 
posters. 


1019 


Industrial  Relations 
and 


Certification  and  Other  Proceedings  before 

the  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 


The  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 
met  for  two  da}^s  during  May  and  issued 
three  certificates  designating  bargaining 
agents.  During  the  month  the  Board 
received  six  other  applications  for 
certification. 

Applications  for  Certification  Granted 

1.  United  Mine  Workers  of  America, 
District  50,  Region  75,  Local  13735,  on 
behalf  of  a  unit  of  employees  of  Lakes 
and  St.  Lawrence  Navigation  Co.  Limited, 
Montreal,  comprising  employees  classified 
as  first  mate,  second  mate,  second  engineer, 
and  third  engineer  employed  aboard  the 
SS.  Casco.  The  application  was  submitted 
originally  in  the  name  of  Local  13618 
(L.G.,  Sept.,  1952,  p.  1207). 

2.  National  Association  of  Broadcast 
Engineers  and  Technicians,  on  behalf  of 
a  unit  of  miscellaneous  classifications  of 
employees  of  Radio  Station  CKVL,  Verdun, 
Que.  (L.G.,  April,  p.  574). 

3.  Canadian  Wire  Services  Local  213, 
American  Newspaper  Guild,  on  behalf  of 
a  unit  of  employees  of  the  Canadian 
Broadcasting  Corporation,  comprising 
employees  in  the  News  Service  engaged 
in  the  preparation  of  news  for  television 
(L.G.,  May,  p.  697). 

Applications  for  Certification  Received 

1.  Seafarers'  International  Union  of 
North  America,  on  behalf  of  a  unit  of 
unlicensed  personnel  employed  on  vessels 
operated  by  Hall  Corporation  of  Canada, 
Montreal  (Investigating  Officer :  R. 
Trepanier). 


This  section  covers  proceedings  under 
the  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act,  involving  the  admin- 
istrative services  of  the  Minister  of 
Labour,  the  Canada  Labour  Relations 
Board  and  the  Industrial  Relations 
Branch  of  the  Department. 


2.  United  Mine  Workers  of  America, 
District  50,  Region  75,  Local  13735,  on 
behalf  of  a  unit  of  licensed  personnel 
employed  on  vessels  operated  by  Hall 
Corporation  of  Canada,  Montreal  (Investi- 
gating Officer:   R.  Trepanier). 

3.  International  Union  of  Mine,  Mill  and 
Smelter  Workers,  Local  913,  on  behalf  of 
a  unit  of  employees  of  Eldorado  Mining 
and  Refining  Limited,  employed  in  the 
Company's  Beaverlodge  Operation  at 
Uranium  City,  Sask.  (Investigating  Officer: 
J.  S.  Gunn). 

4.  International  Brotherhood  of  Electrical 
Workers,  Local  Union  No.  1318,  on  behalf 
of  a  unit  of  employees  of  the  Chronicle  Co. 
Ltd.,  Halifax,  employed  at  Radio  Station 
CJCH  (Investigating  Officer:  J.  R.  Kinley). 

5.  National  Association  of  Marine  Engi- 
neers of  Canada,  Inc.,  on  behalf  of  a 
unit  of  marine  engineers  and  electricians 
employed  by  Canadian  Pacific  Steamships 
Limited  on  deepsea  vessels  in  its  Pacific 
service  (Investigating  Officer:  G.  R.  Currie). 

6.  National  Association  of  Marine  Engi- 
neers of  Canada,  Inc.,  on  behalf  of  a 
unit  of  marine  engineers  employed  by  Gulf 
and  Lake  Navigation  Company  Limited, 
Montreal,  on  board  the  SS.  Cedarton  and 
SS.  Birchton  (Investigating  Officer:  L. 
Pepin). 


Conciliation  and  Other  Proceedings 

before  the  Minister  of  Labour 


Conciliation  Officers  Appointed 

During  May  the  Minister  appointed 
conciliation  officers  to  deal  with  the 
following  disputes: — 

1.  Railway  Express  Agency,  Inc.,  and 
Brotherhood  of  Steamship  Clerks,  Freight 
Handlers,  Express  and  Station  Employees 
(Conciliation  Officer:  R.  Trepanier). 


2.  Canadian  National  Steamships;  Cana- 
dian Pacific  Railway  Company  (B.C.  Coast 
Steamship  Service) ;  Canadian  National 
Railways  (B.C.  Coast  and  B.C.  Lakes, 
Barge  and  Ferry  Service) ;  Union  Steam- 
ships .Limited;  Frank  Waterhouse  and 
Company  of  Canada  Limited,  Vancouver; 
and  the  Canadian  Merchant  Service  Guild, 
Inc.  (Conciliation  Officer:  G.  R.  Currie). 


1020 


3.  National  Harbours  Board,  Halifax, 
and  Canadian  Brotherhood  of  Railway 
Employees  and  Other  Transport  Workers, 
Division  231  (Conciliation  Officer:  T.  D. 
Cochrane). 

4.  Canadian  National  Steamships;  Cana- 
dian National  Railways  (Barge  and  Ferry 
Service,  Port  Mann:  Barge  and  Ferry 
Service,  Okanagan  Lake) ;  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway  Company  (B.C.  Coast  Steamship 
Service);  Union  Steamships  Limited; 
Frank  Waterhouse  and  Company  of 
Canada  Limited  and  National  Association 
of  Marine  Engineers  of  Canada,  Inc. 
(Conciliation  Officer:   G.  R.  Currie). 

5.  Quebec  Railway,  Light  and  Power 
Company  and  National  Catholic  Transport 
Brotherhood  of  Quebec,  Inc.  (Conciliation 
Officer:  L.  Pepin). 


6.  Quebec  Railway,  Light  and  Power 
Company  and  Catholic  Syndicate  of  Garage 
Employees  of  the  Q.R.L.  &  P.  Company, 
Inc.   (Conciliation  Officer:    L.  Pepin). 

7.  The  Brookland  Company  Limited 
(Radio  Station  CKWS,  Kingston)  and  the 
National  Association  of  Broadcast  Engi- 
neers and  Technicians  (Conciliation  Officer: 
F.  J.  Ainsborough). 

8.  The  Brookland  Company  Limited 
(Radio  Station  CHEX,  Peterborough)  and 
the  National  Association  of  Broadcast 
Engineers  and  Technicians  (Conciliation 
Officer:  F.  J.  Ainsborough). 

9.  Newfoundland  Employers'  Association 
Limited  (Coal  and  Salt  Boats),  St.  John's 
and  Longshoremen's  Protective  Union 
(Conciliation  Officer:  W.  L.  Taylor). 


Scope  and  Administration  of  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes  Investigation  Act 


Conciliation  services  under  the  Indus- 
trial Relations  and  Disputes  Investiga- 
tion Act  are  provided  by  the  Minister 
of  Labour  through  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Branch.  The  branch  also  acts  as 
the  administrative  arm  of  the  Canada 
Labour  Relations  Board  in  matters  under 
the  Act  involving  the  board. 

The  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act  came  into  force  on 
September  1,  1948.  It  revoked  the  War- 
time Labour  Relations  Regulations,  P.C. 
1003,  which  became  effective  in  March, 
1944,  and  repealed  the  Industrial  Dis- 
putes Investigation  Act,  which  had  been 
in  force  from  1907  until  superseded  by 
the  Wartime  Regulations  in  1944.  Deci- 
sions, orders  and  certifications  given 
under  the  Wartime  Regulations  by  the 
Minister  of  Labour  and  the  Wartime 
Labour  Relations  Board  are  continued  in 
force    and   effect  by   the   Act. 

The  Act  applies  to  industries  within 
federal  jurisdiction,  i.e.,  navigation,  ship- 
ping, interprovincial  railways,  canals, 
telegraphs,  interprovincial  and  interna- 
tional steamship  lines  and  ferries,  aero- 
dromes and  air  transportation,  radio 
broadcasting  stations  and  works  declared 
by  Parliament  to  be  for  the  general 
advantage  of  Canada  or  two  or  more  of 
its  provinces.  Additionally,  the  Act 
provides  that  provincial  authorities,  if 
they  so  desire,  may  enact  similar  legis- 
lation for  application  to  industries 
within  provincial  jurisdiction,  and  make 
mutually  satisfactory  arrangements  with 
the  federal  Government  for  the  admin- 
istration of  such  legislation. 

The  Minister  of  Labour  is  charged  with 
the  administration  of  the  Act  and  is 
directly  responsible  for  the  appointment 
of  conciliation  officers,  conciliation  boards, 
and  Industrial  Inquiry  Commissions  con- 
cerning complaints  that  the  Act  has  been 
violated  or  that  a  party  has  failed  to 
bargain  collectively,  and  for  applications 
for  consent  to  prosecute. 

The  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board  is 
established  under  the  Act  as  successor  to 


the  Wartime  Labour  Relations  Board  to 
administer  provisions  concerning  the  cer- 
tification of  bargaining  agents,  the  writ- 
ing of  provisions — for  incorporation  into 
collective  agreements — fixing  a  procedure 
for  the  final  settlement  of  disputes  con- 
cerning the  meaning  or  violation  of  such 
agreements  and  the  investigation  of  com- 
plaints referred  to  it  by  the  minister  that 
a  party  has  failed  to  bargain  collectively 
and  to  make  every  reasonable  effort  to 
conclude  a  collective  agreement. 

Copies  of  the  Industrial  Relations  and 
Disputes  Investigation  Act,  the  Regula- 
tions made  under  the  Act,  and  the  Rules 
of  Procedure  of  the  Canada  Labour 
Relations  Board  are  available  upon 
request  to  the  Department  of  Labour, 
Ottawa. 

Proceedings  under  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions and  Disputes  Investigation  Act  are 
reported  below  under  two  headings: 
(1)  Certification  and  other  Proceedings 
before  the  Canada  Labour  Relations 
Board,  and  (2)  Conciliation  and  other 
Proceedings  before  the  Minister  of 
Labour. 

Industrial  Relations  Officers  of  the 
Department  of  Labour  are  stationed  at 
Vancouver,  Winnipeg,  Toronto,  Ottawa, 
Montreal,  Fredericton,  Halifax  and  St. 
John's,  Newfoundland.  The  territory  of 
two  officers  resident  in  Vancouver  com- 
prises British  Columbia,  Alberta  and  the 
Yukon  and  Northwest  Territories;  two 
officers  stationed  in  Winnipeg  cover  the 
provinces  of  Saskatchewan  and  Manitoba 
and  Northwestern  Ontario;  three  officers 
resident  in  Toronto  confine  their  activi- 
ties to  Ontario;  three  officers  in  Mont- 
real are  assigned  to  the  province  of 
Quebec,  and  a  total  of  three  officers 
resident  in  Fredericton,  Halifax  and  St. 
John's  represent  the  Department  in  the 
Maritime  Provinces  and  Newfoundland. 
The  headquarters  of  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Branch  and  the  Director  of 
Industrial  Relations  and  staff  are  situated 
in  Ottawa. 


1021 


10.  Newfoundland  Coal  Company 
(Mechanical  Operations),  St.  John's  and 
Longshoremen's  Protective  Union  (Con- 
ciliation Officer:   W.  L.  Taylor). 

11.  Canada  Steamship  Lines  Limited; 
Colonial  Steamships  Limited;  N.  M. 
Paterson  &  Sons,  Limited;  Upper  Lakes 
and  St.  Lawrence  Transportation  Company 
Limited  and  the  National  Association  of 
Marine  Engineers  of  Canada,  Inc.  (Con- 
ciliation Officer:    F.  J.  Ainsborough). 

Settlements  Reported  by  Conciliation  Officers 

1.  Newfoundland  Employers'  Association 
Limited  (General  Cargo),  St.  John's  and 
Longshoremen's  Protective  Union  (Con- 
ciliation Officer:  W.  L.  Taylor)  (L.G., 
June,  p.  873). 

2.  Newfoundland  Employers'  Association 
Limited  (Coal  and  Salt  Boats),  St.  John's 
and  Longshoremen's  Protective  Union 
(Conciliation  Officer:  W.  L.  Taylor)  (see 
above). 

3.  Newfoundland  Coal  Company 
(Mechanical  Operations),  St.  John's  and 
Longshoremen's  Protective  Union  (Con- 
ciliation Officer:  W.  L.  Taylor)  (see  above). 

Conciliation  Board  Appointed 

Canada  Steamship  Lines,  Limited; 
Colonial  Steamships  Limited;  N.  M. 
Paterson  &  Sons  Limited;  Upper  Lakes 
and  St.  Lawrence  Transportation  Company 
Limited,  and  National  Association  of 
Marine  Engineers  of  Canada,  Inc.  (see 
above).  The  Board  had  not  been  fully 
constituted  at  the  end  of  the  month. 

Conciliation  Boards  Fully  Constituted 

1.  The  Board  of  Conciliation  and 
Investigation  established  to  deal  with 
matters  in  dispute  between  Canadian 
National  Newfoundland  Steamship  Service, 
Canadian  National  Railway  Company  and 
Canadian  Merchant  Service  Guild,  Inc. 
(L.G.,  June,  p.  874)  was  fully  constituted 
in  May  with  the  appointment  of  Edmund 
J.  Phelan,  QC,  St.  John's  Newfoundland, 
as  Chairman.  Mr.  Phelan  was  appointed 
by  the  Minister  on  the  joint  recommenda- 
tion of  the  other  two  members,  F.  J.  Ryan 
and  Frank  Chafe,  both  of  St.  John's,  who 
were  previously  appointed  on  the  nomina- 
tions of  the  company  and  the  union 
respectively. 

2.  The  Board  of  Conciliation  and 
Investigation  established  to  deal  with 
matters  in  dispute  between  Canada  Steam- 
ship Lines  Limited,  Montreal,  and  Sea- 
farers' International  Union  of  North 
America,  Canadian  District  (L.G.,  June, 
p.  874)  was  fully  constituted  in  May  with 


the  appointment  of  Eric  G.  Taylor, 
Toronto,  as  Chairman.  Mr.  Taylor  was 
appointed  by  the  Minister  in  the  absence 
of  a  joint  recommendation  from  the  other 
two  members,  Joseph  Sedgwick,  QC, 
Toronto  and  Lucien  Tremblay,  Montreal, 
who  were  previously  appointed  on  the 
nominations  of  the  company  and  the  union 
respectively. 

3.  The  Board  of  Conciliation  and 
Investigation  established  to  deal  with 
matters  in  dispute  between  Colonial  Steam- 
ships, Limited;  N.  M.  Paterson  &  Sons, 
Limited;  Upper  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence 
Transportation  Company  Limited  and  Sea- 
farers' International  Union  of  North 
America,  Canadian  District  (L.G.,  June, 
p.  874)  was  fully  constituted  in  May  with 
the  appointment  of  Eric  G.  Taylor, 
Toronto,  as  Chairman.  Mr.  Taylor  was 
appointed  by  the  Minister  in  the  absence 
of  a  joint  recommendation  from  the  other 
two  members,  Joseph  Sedgwick,  QC, 
Toronto  and  Mr.  Lucien  Tremblay,  Mont- 
real, who  were  previously  appointed  on  the 
nominations  of  the  companies  and  the 
union  respectively. 

4.  The  Board  of  Conciliation  and 
Investigation  established  to  deal  with 
matters  in  dispute  between  National 
Harbours  Board,  Montreal,  and  Brother- 
hood of  Railway  and  Steamship  Clerks, 
Freight  Handlers,  Express  and  Station 
Employees  (L.G.,  June,  p.  874)  was  fully 
constituted  in  May  with  the  appointment 
of  H.  Carl  Goldenberg,  QC,  Montreal,  as 
Chairman.  Mr.  Goldenberg  was  appointed 
by  the  Minister  on  the  joint  recommenda- 
tion of  the  other  two  members,  K.  G.  K. 
Baker  and  Michael  Rubinstein,  both  of 
Montreal,  who  were  previously  appointed 
on  the  nominations  of  the  company  and 
the  union  respectively. 

5.  The  Board  of  Conciliation  and 
Investigation  established  to  deal  with 
matters  in  dispute  between  National 
Harbours  Board,  Quebec,  and  the  Brother- 
hood of  Railway  and  Steamship  Clerks, 
Freight  IJandlers,  Express  and  Station 
Employees  (L.G.,  June,  p.  874)  was  fully 
constituted  in  May  with  the  appointment 
of  Mr.  Justice  O.  L.  Boulanger,  Quebec, 
as  Chairman.  Mr.  Justice  Boulanger  was 
appointed  by  the  Minister  in  the  absence 
of  a  joint  recommendation  from  the  other 
two  members,  Jean  Turgeon,  QC,  Quebec, 
and  Michael  Rubinstein,  Montreal,  who 
were  previously  appointed  on  the  nom- 
inations of  the  company  and  the  union 
respectively. 


1022 


Conciliation  Board  Report  Received 

During  May  the  Minister  received  the 
report  of  the  Board  of  Conciliation  and 
Investigation  established  in  March  to  deal 
with  matters  in  dispute  between  Red 
River  Grain  Company  Limited  and  Malt 
and  Grain  Process  Workers,  Local  105, 
International  Union  of  United  Brewery, 
Flour,  Cereal,  Soft  Drink  and  Distillery 
Workers  of  America   (L.G.,  May,  p.  699). 


The  text  of  the.  Board's  report  is  repro- 
duced below. 

Settlement  Following  Board  Procedure 

Robin  Hood  Flour  Mills  Limited, 
Saskatoon  and  Moose  Jaw,  and  Locals  342 
and  201,  Flour  and  Cereal  Workers'  Divi- 
sion of  the  United  Packinghouse  Workers 
of  America  (L.G.,  March,  p.  420). 


Report  of  Board  in  Dispute  between 


Red  River  Grain  Company  Limited 

and 

Malt  and  Grain  Process  Workers,  Local  105,   International 

Union  of  United  Brewery,  Flour,  Cereal,  Soft  Drink  and 

Distillery  Workers  of  America 


The  Hon.  the  Minister  of  Labour, 
Department  of  Labour, 
Ottawa,  Ontario. 

File  761:76:53 
In  the  matter  of  the  Industrial  Relations 
and  Disputes  Investigation  Act  and 
dispute  affecting  Malt  and  Grain  Pro- 
cess Workers,  Local  105,  International 
Union  of  United  Brewery,  Flour,  Cereal, 
Soft  Drink  and  Distillery  Workers  of 
America,  applicant,  and  Red  River 
Grain  Company  Ltd.,  St.  Boniface, 
Manitoba,  respondent. 

The  Board  of  Conciliation,  established 
to  endeavour  to  effect  agreement  between 
the  above  Employer  and  the  Union,  begs 
leave  to  present  its  report: — 

Members  of  the  Board: 

J.  B.  Rollit,  Chairman. 
Ivan  J.  R.  Deacon,  QC, 

Employer's  Nominee. 
Harvey  Barber,  Union's  Nominee. 

Appearances: 

For  the  Company: 
R.  P.  Dawson. 
H.  S.  Scarth,  QC. 

For  the  Union: 
A.  A.  Franklin. 
M.  Avanthay. 
J.  Proulx. 
J.  Ruest. 
E.  Winzinowich. 


On  May  23,  1953,  the  Minister  of 
Labour  received  the  report  of  the 
Board  of  Conciliation  and  Investiga- 
tion appointed  to  deal  with  matters  in 
dispute  between  Malt  and  Grain  Pro- 
cess Workers,  Local  105,  International 
Union  of  United  Brewery,  Flour,  Cereal, 
Soft  Drink  and  Distillery  Workers  of 
America  and  Red  River  Grain  Com- 
pany Limited,  St.  Boniface,   Man. 

The  Board  was  under  the  chairman- 
ship of  J.  B.  Rollit,  Winnipeg,  who  was 
appointed  by  the  Minister  on  the 
joint  recommendation  of  the  other  two 
members.  The  nominee  of  the  company 
was  Ivan  J.  R.  Deacon,  QC,  Winnipeg; 
the  union  nominee  was  Harvey  Barber, 
Winnipeg. 

The  text  of  the  Board's  report  is 
reproduced  herewith. 


Sittings: 

The  Board  held  a  total  of  eight  sittings, 
including  one  meeting  with  the  Union,  one 
meeting  with  the  Company,  and  six  meet- 
ings of  the  Board  alone. 

Points  in  Dispute: 

The  dispute  concerns  changes  requested 
by  the  Union  in  certain  clauses  of  the 
Memorandum  of  Agreement  between  the 
Company  and  the  Union,  which  were  put 
forward  in  accordance  with  the  provisions 
of  the  Agreement  covering  termination  and 
negotiations  to  amend. 


75802—5 


1023 


The  changes  still  in  dispute  at  the  time 
that  the  Board  was  set  up  were  summar- 
ized in  a  Brief  submitted  by  the  Union, 
which  reads: — 

"The  main  issues  in  the  dispute  are  as 
follows : 

"(1)  Hours  of  Work.  Reduction  of  the 
present  48-hour  work  week  to  44  hours  with 
the  same  take-home  pay. 

"(2)  An  additional  Statutory  Holiday,  the 
first  Monday  in  August,  making  a  total 
of  9. 

"(3)  An  additional  2  cents  per  hour  night 
premium  for  the  midnight  shift,  raising  the 
present  5-cent  premium  in  this  shift  from 
5  cents  to  7  cents  per  hour. 

"(4)  Wages,  (a)  The  Union  requests  10 
cents  per  hour  increase  in  all  rates,  after 
adjustments  are  made  in  hours  as  outlined 
in  (1). 

(b)  That  present  1-cent  per  hour  Cost- 
of-Living  Bonus  for  each  point  rise  in  the 
Cost-of-Living  old  Index,  be  adjusted  to 
the  new  Consumer's  Price  Index  on  an 
equivalent  basis. 

"(5)  Three  weeks  annual  vacation  to  all 
employees  with  10  years'  service  with  the 
Company." 

A  sixth  point,  which  had  been  inadver- 
tently omitted  from  the  written  Brief,  was 
presented  orally: 

"(6)  That  the  foregoing  provisions  shall 
be  retroactive  to  February  15,  1953." 
(Date   of  termination   of   the   Agreement.) 

Acknowledgment : 

It  is  gratifying  to  report  that  all  deal- 
ings with  both  parties  to  this  dispute  were 
carried  out  in  a  friendly  and  co-operative 
atmosphere.  The  briefs  submitted  were 
ably  (prepared  and  ably  presented,  and  the 
Board  was  provided  with  all  the  informa- 
tion, much  of  it  of  a  highly  confidential 
nature,  necessary  to  enable  its  members  to 
reach  a  decision. 

As  the  discussions  progressed,  it  became 
evident  that  it  would  not  be  possible  to 
bring  the  parties  into  agreement  on  the 
major  issues  and  that  it  would  be  necessary 
for  the  Board  to  submit  its  own  recom- 
mendations. These  are  given  below.  It  is 
also  gratifying  to  report  that  the  Members 
were  able  to  reach  a  unanimous  decision 
on  all  save  one  of  the  points  in  dispute. 

Recommendations : 
A.  The  Board  unanimously  recommends: 
(1)  Hours  of  Work — 


That  the  present  basic  work  week  of  48 
hours  shall  be  reduced  to  a  basic  work  week 
of  45^  hours. 

(2)  Statutory  Holidays — 

That  the  first  Monday  in  August,  Civic 
Holiday,  shall  be  added  to  the  list  of 
Statutory  Holidays  given  in  Section  6(a) 
of  the  Agreement,  bringing  the  number  of 
such  Statutory  Holidays  up  to  nine. 

(3)  Premium  for  Night  Work — 

That  there  shall  be  no  increase  in  the 
premium  of  five  cents  per  hour  for  night 
work,  which  is  provided  in  Section  7(a) 
of  the  Agreement. 

(4)  (b)  Cost-of-Living  Bonus — 

That  the  provisions  of  the  addendum  to 
the  Wage  Schedule  in  Section  8  of  the 
Agreement,  covering  adjustment  of  the 
Bonus  to  conform  with  the  new  Con- 
sumer's Price  Index,  shall  be  applied. 

(5)  Annual  Vacations  with  Pay — 

That  employees  with  ten  years'  service 
with  the  Company  shall  be  entitled  to 
three  weeks'  annual  vacation  with  pay. 

(6)  Effective  Date  of  Recommendations — 
That  the  recommendations  with  respect 

to  increase  in  hourly  rates  recommended  in 
(4)  (a),  below,  shall  become  effective  as  of 
April  20,  1953. 

B.  The  Board  is  also  unanimous  in  its 
recommendation  that  the  hourly  rates  given 
in  the  wage  schedule  in  Section  8  of  the 
Agreement  should  be  adjusted  to  provide 
the  same  take-home  pay  for  the  basic  work 
week  of  45^  hours  as  for  the  present  basic 
work  week  of  48  hours.  The  Members  are, 
however,  unable  to  agree  as  to  what  addi- 
tional increase  in  hourly  rates,  as  requested 
by  the  Union  and  opposed  by  the  Com- 
pany, is  appropriate. 

(4) (a).  On  this  point  (additional  in- 
crease), majority  and  minority  recommenda- 
tions are  accordingly  made: — 

Messrs.  Deacon  and  Rollit  recommend 
an  increase  of  two  cents  per  hour  on  the 
basis  of  the  45^  hour  week,  or  91  cents 
per  week. 

Mr.  Barber  recommends  an  increase  of 
six  cents  per  hour  on  the  basis  of  the  45^ 
hour  week,  or  $2.73  a  week. 

(Sgd.)  J.  B.  Rollit, 

Chairman. 
(Sgd.)  Ivan  J.  R.  Deacon, 

Employer's  Nominee. 
(Sgd.)  Harvey  Barber, 

Union's  Nominee. 


1024 


Collective   Agreements 
and   Wage  Schedules 


Recent  Collective  Agreements 


Manufacturing 

Hats  and  Caps — Quebec  and  Ontario — 
The  Association  of  Millinery  Manu- 
facturers (Quebec  and  Ontario  Divi- 
sions) and  The  United  Hatters,  Cap 
and  Millinery  Workers'  International 
Union,  Locals  49  (Montreal)  and 
46  (Toronto). 

Amendment  to  the  agreements  which 
expired  February  15,  1952  (for  summary  of 
Toronto  agreement  see  L.G.,  Dec.  1950, 
p.  2061)  renews  the  previous  agreements, 
with  certain  changes  and  additions,  for  a 
further  period  of  3  years,  commencing 
February  16,  1952,  and  expiring  February  15, 
1955.  However,  within  60  days  prior  to 
February  15,  1954,  either  party  may  demand 
a  revision  of  wages  in  the  event  of  a  serious 
change  in  circumstances  affecting  the  welfare 
of  either  party  at  that  time. 

The  amendment  consolidates  the  Montreal 
and  Toronto  agreements  and  provides  that 
the  agreement  "shall  be  deemed  a  national 
agreement  and  shall  apply  mutatis  mutandis 
in  all  respects  to  the  employers  and 
employees  in  both  the  provinces  of  Quebec 
and  Ontario". 

Escalator  clause:  twice  a  year,  during  the 
months  May-June  and  October-November, 
the  union  or  the  employer  may  demand  a 
change  in  wages  if  the  Dominion  Bureau  of 
Statistics'  cost-of-living  index  increases  or 
decreases  at  least  4  to  5  points  above  or 
below  the  figure  189-8  (index  figure  for 
September  1951),  provided  that  in  no  case 
shall  the  decrease  in  wages  exceed  the 
amount  of  any  increase  granted  under  this 
clause. 

Pension  fund:  the  parties  agree  to  estab- 
lish pension  benefits  for  employees,  members 
of  the  union.  The  pension  plan  will  be 
amalgamated  with  the  existing  Sick  and 
Health  Benefit  Fund  (separately  for  each 
province)  and  renamed  by  some  suitable 
name  as  may  be  agreed  upon.  The  pension 
plan  shall  be  set  up  on  the  basis  of  pay- 
ments of  an  annuity  of  $50  per  month  to 
employees  of  retirement  age  of  65  years, 
who  have  been  employed  continuously  in  the 
industry  and  who  have  been  members  of  the 
union  for  at  least  10  years  prior  to  retire- 
ment. The  employers  will  be  the  sole 
contributors  to  the  amalgamated  fund;  they 
guarantee  that  the  payment  to  the  amalgam- 
ated fund  and  benefits  to  retired  workers 
will  become  effective  as  and  from  February 
15,  1953. 

Fine  Grade  Paper — Ontario  and  Quebec — 
Certain  Fine  Grade  Paper  Companies 
and  The  International  Brotherhood  of 
Pulp,  Sulphite  and  Paper  Mill  Workers, 
International  Brotherhood  of  Paper 
Makers,  and  International  Association 
of  Machinists. 

Memorandum  of  agreement,  executed  as  of 
May    1,    1953,    renews    the    previous    agree- 


A  file  of  collective  agreements  is  main- 
tained in  the  Economics  and  Research 
Branch  of  the  Department  of  Labour. 
These  are  obtained  directly  from  the 
parties  involved  and  through  the  Indus- 
trial Relations  Branch  of  the  Depart- 
ment. A  number  of  those  recently 
received  are  summarized  here.  Agree- 
ments made  obligatory  under  the  Collec- 
tive Agreement  Act  in  Quebec  are 
summarized  in  a  separate  article  follow- 
ing this. 


ment  (see  L.G.,  April,  p.  577)  between  the 
above  parties  for  one  year,  from  May  1, 
1953,  to  April  30,  1954,  with  the  following 
changes  and  additions: — 

Hours,  overtime  and  vacation  pay: 
effective  as  of  the  commencement  of  the 
first  pay  period  following  October  1,  1953, 
the  hours  of  work  will  be  reduced  from  44 
to  40  hours  per  week;  corresponding  changes 
will  be  made  in  the  overtime  and  vacation 
pay  provisions. 

Wages:  for  each  straight  time  hour 
worked  between  May  1  and  October  3,  1953, 
employees  will  be  paid  3  cents  per  hour,  the 
total  amount  to  be  payable  as  a  lump  sum 
and  included  in  the  pay  for  the  period 
commencing  October  4,  1953.  Effective  as 
of  the  commencement  of  the  first  pay  period 
following  October  1,  1953,  the  present  hourly 
rates  of  pay  will  be  adjusted  by  10  per  cent, 
calculated  to  the  nearest  full  cent. 

A  joint  committee  will  be  established  to 
study  the  existing  rate  structures  in  the 
boiler  houses  with  a  view  to  making 
possible   recommendations    for   consideration. 

Commercial  Printing — Montreal,  Que. — 
The  Employing  Printers'  Association  of 
Montreal  Inc.  and  The  International 
Printing  Pressmen  and  -  Assistants' 
Union  of  North  America,  Local  52. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  the  first 
full  payroll  period  on  or  following  December 
1,  1952,  to  the  last  full  payroll  period  pre- 
ceding December  1,  1954,  and  thereafter 
from  year  to  year,  subject  to  notice. 

Union  security:  the  employers  agree  to 
employ  members  of  the  union  in  good 
standing  in  their  pressroom  to  cover  all 
positions  which  this  agreement  contemplates, 
including  that  of  foreman. 

Hours:  8  per  day,  5  days  or  nights  per 
week,  a  40-hour  week.  Employees  shall  not 
be  required  to  work  less  than  a  full  shift 
in  any  day  or  night,  except  in  case  of 
emergency.  Overtime  rates  at  time  and  one- 
half  for  the  first  3  hours  and  double  time 
thereafter  will  be  paid  for  work  in  excess 
of  the  regular  daily  or  weekly  hours  and 
on  a  regular  off-day  or  off-night,  double  time 
for  all  work  on  Sunday  and  triple  time  for 
work  on  7  specified  paid  holidays.  In  addi- 
tion, employees  will  be  given  the  afternoon 
of  St.  John  Baptist  Day  off  with  pay.  In 
French  plants  8  specified  holidays  will  be 
observed.   • 


75802— 5J 


1025 


Vacations  with  pay:  after  one  year's 
service  10  days;  employees  with  less  than 
one  year's  service  will  receive  one-half  day, 
or  pay  in  lieu  thereof,  for  each  25  days 
worked. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates:  pressmen- 
cylinder  press  $1.87!;  two-colour  press, 
perfecting  press,  pre-make  ready  $2,024; 
cotterell  press  $2.32J;  platen  press,  small 
offset  presses  up  to  14  by  20  inches  $1.67J; 
assistants — cylinder  and  platen  $1.62 J;  two- 
colour,  perfecting  $1.67s;  apprentices — 31 
per  cent  of  journeyman's  rate  during  first 
6  months,  with  proportionate  increases  each 
succeeding  6  months  which  will  provide, 
upon  completion  of  the  fourth  year,  the 
equivalent  of  the  full  assistant's  scale  of 
wages.  Each  succeeding  year  for  3  years  an 
apprentice  pressman  shall  receive  an  in- 
crease of  one-quarter  of  the  difference 
between  the  assistant's  rate  of  wages  and 
the  journeyman  pressman's  scale  until  the 
full  pressman's  rate  is  reached.  The  above 
journeyman's  and  assistant's  rates  are  7! 
cents  per  hour  higher  than  the  previous 
rates;  effective  December  1,  1953,  these  rates 
will  be  increased  by  another  7J  cents  per 
hour. 

Night  shift  differential:  for  night  work 
journeymen  and  assistants  will  be  paid  15 
per  cent  over  the  day  rate. 

Employees  who  lose  situations  by  reason 
of  a  consolidation  or  merger  shall  be 
entitled  to  2  weeks'  severance  pay  at  their 
regular  rates. 

Apprentices  may  be  employed  in  the 
following  ratio:  for  the  first  2  journeymen 
one  apprentice,  for  each  additional  5 
journeymen  one  apprentice;  when  4  appren- 
tices are  employed  an  additional  one  may 
be  employed  for  each  10  journeymen. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  settling  of 
disputes,  seniority  rights  and  complement  of 
men  on  presses. 

Commercial  Printing — Montreal,  Que. — 
The  Employing  Printers'  Association  of 
Montreal  Inc.  and  The  International 
Brotherhood  of  Bookbinders,  Local  91. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  the  first 
full  payroll  period  on  or  following  December 
1,  1952,  to  the  last  full  payroll  period  pre- 
ceding January  1,  1955,  and  from  year  to 
year  thereafter,  subject  to  notice.  This 
agreement  is  similar  to  the  one  between  the 
Employing  Printers'  Association  of  Montreal 
Inc.  and  the  International  Printing  Press- 
men and  Assistants'  Union,  summarized 
above,  with  the  following  differences: — 

Overtime:  this  agreement  does  not  provide 
double  time  for  all  work  on  Sundays,  nor 
does  it  contain  a  special  provision  concerning 
the  observance  of  holidays  in  French  plants. 

Minimum  hourly  ivage  rates  for  1953  and 
1954,  respectively:  journeymen  $1.87*  and 
$1.95,  journeywomen  95  and  97!  cents,  appren- 
tices, male  from  58  and  60£  cents  during 
first  6  months  to  $1.57J  and  $1.64  during 
twelfth  6  months,  female  from  52  and  53 
cents  during  first  6  months  to  81  and  83 
cents  during  sixth  6  months.  (The  above 
1953  rates  for  journeymen  are  7|  cents  and 
those  for  journeywomen  5  cents  per  hour 
higher  than  the  rates  provided  in  the 
previous  agreement.) 


Garages — Antigonish,  N.S. — Certain  Firms 
and  The  Antigonish  Garage  Workers 
Union,  Local  226  (CCL). 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  March  15, 
1953,  to  March  14,  1954,  and  from  year  to 
year  thereafter,  subject  to  2  months'  notice. 

Union  security:  maintenance  of  member- 
ship. 

Check-off:  the  employers  agree  to  deduct 
union  dues  and  assessments  from  the  pay  of 
all  members  who  so  authorize  and  to  remit 
the  amounts  deducted,  less  5  per  cent  for 
collection  and  bookkeeping,  to  the  union. 

Hours:  8|  per  day  Monday  through 
Friday,  4J  on  Saturday,  a  48-hour  week 
(previously  8^  per  day  Monday  through 
Saturday,  a  51-hour  week) .  For  regular 
service  station  attendants  working  hours  will 
remain  as  provided  by  the  Board  of  Public 
Utilities.  Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for 
work  in  excess  of  the  above  daily  hours  and 
for  work  on  Sundays,  double  time  for  work 
on  all  statutory  and  other  observed  holi- 
days. All  holidays  are  paid  holidays.  The 
employers  agree  to  pay  overtime  at  the 
standard  rates  when  the  station  remains 
open  for  business  on  Sunday  and  in  the 
evening  after  6  p.m. 

Vacations  with  pay:  one  day  for  every  24 
days  worked. 

Wage  rates:  hourly — auto  mechanic,  1st 
class  $1.19,  2nd  class  $1.03^,  3rd  class  92£ 
cents;  auto  bodymen,  1st  class  $1.30,  2nd 
class  $1.03 J,  3rd  class  92 \  cents;  weekly — 
service  stationmen,  after  one  month  $27, 
after  6  months  $33,  experienced  $41; 
helpers   a  minimum  of    $23,   increased  every 

3  months  so  as  to  reach  $33  per  week  after 
one  year's  service.  (The  above  hourly  rates 
are  from  5J  to  8  cents  per  hour  higher 
than  the  previous  rates.) 

Tools:  first  and  second  class  auto  mechanics 
must  provide  themselves  with  a  complete  set 
of  tools  and  third  class  auto  mechanics  with 
sufficient  tools  to  perform  the  type  of  work 
usually  entrusted  to  them. 

Seniority:  layoffs  and  rehiring  will  be 
conducted  on  a  seniority  basis  consistent  with 
the  ability  of  the  employees  to  perform  the 
work  required. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure 
and  the  health  and  safety  of  employees. 

Garages — Victoria,  B.C. — C  ertain  Auto- 
mobile Dealers  and  Automotive  Main- 
tenance    Workers'     Union,    Local    151 
(TLC). 
Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  March   1, 
1953,   to   February  28,    1954,   and   thereafter 
from    year    to    year,    subject    to    60    days' 
notice. 

Union  security:  maintenance  of  member- 
ship. 

Check-off:  voluntary. 

Hours:  8  per  day  Monday  through  Friday, 

4  on  Saturday,  a  44-hour  week.  Overtime: 
time  and  one-half  for  the  first  4  hours  of 
work  in  excess  of  the  above  daily  hours; 
double  time  thereafter  and  for  work  on 
Sundays  and  on  9  specified  holidays. 

Vacation  wjth  pay:  "employees  third 
annual  and  subsequent  holidays  shall  be 
two  weeks  with  pay." 

Hourly  wage  rates:  journeymen — machin- 
ists, mechanics,  trimmers,  radiator  men, 
body  and  fender  men,  battery  men,  elec- 
tricians, vulcanizers,  painters,  welders  $1.70; 


1026 


mechanics'  helpers  $1.06£  to  $1.43,  lubrica- 
tion $1.01|  to  $1.30,  washers  $1.01£  to  $1.24, 
janitors  $1.02,  service  attendants  $1.01^  to 
$1.30,  service  salesmen  $57.34  to  $71.41  per 
week;  parts  men  $37.40  to  $66  per  week, 
car  jockeys  $23.75  and  $30  per  week.  (The 
above  basic  rates  for  journeymen  are  5 
cents  per  hour  higher  than  the  previous 
rates,  while  for  other  employees  they  are 
the  same,  except  that  during  the  proba- 
tionary period  the  rates  now  are  2£  cents 
per  hour  lower  than  previously.  However, 
the  previous  rates  were  subject  to  a  cost- 
of-living  adjustment,  up  or  down,  on  the 
basis  of  25  cents  per  week  for  each  rise  or 
fall  of  one  point  in  the  cost-of-living  index 
above  or  below  191-1,  with  a  floor  of  $1.55 
per  hour  for  journeymen  and  a  floor  based 
on  a  similar  percentage  for  other  employees.) 

Escalator  clause:  an  escalator  plan  shall 
be  adopted  and  shall  be  effective  when  the 
Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics'  consumer 
price  index  rises  above  or  falls  below  the 
figure  115-8.  However,  no  changes  will  be 
made  if  the  adjustments  amount  to  less  than 
$1.25  per  week,  nor  shall  adjustments  fluc- 
tuate more  than  $2.50  per  week  above  or 
below  the  basic  wage  rates.  "The  value  of 
a  point  of  the  Consumer  Price  Index  shall 
be  that  set  by  the  Dominion  Bureau  of 
Statistics,  on  the  basis  three  (3)  Points 
Consumer  Price  Index  equal  five  (5)  Points 
Cost-of-Living  Index,  ....  this  detail  subject 
to  further  negotiations  if  necessary." 

Off -shift  differential:  employees  required  to 
work  on  evening  shifts  will  receive  corre- 
sponding time  off  during  the  day  and  will 
be  paid  10  cents  per  hour  above  the  regular 
rate  between  5  p.m.  and  midnight,  and  20 
cents  per  hour  after  midnight. 

Guaranteed  earnings:  after  one  month's 
continuous  employment,  hourly  workers  will 
be  guaranteed  33  hours'  work  weekly,  pro- 
vided they  report  daily  for  work.  Apart 
from  his  regular  employment,  no  employee 
will  work  on  any  automobile,  truck  or 
tractor  other  than  those  registered  in  his 
name. 

Clothing:  uniforms  and  cover-alls  necessary 
in  the  performance  of  the  employees'  work 
Avill  be  furnished  by  the  company  at  cost. 
Rubber  aprons,  gum  boots  and  rubber  gloves 
will  be  provided  for  battery  men,  car 
washers,  steam  cleaners  and  radiator  men. 

Apprentices  will  be  treated  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  the  British  Columbia 
Apprenticeship  Act.  The  ratio  of  employ- 
ment shall  not  exceed  one  apprentice  to 
every  4  journeymen. 

Seniority  shall  apply  in  all  lay-offs  and 
re-employment,  subject  to  merit  and  ability. 
In  promotions  seniority  and  ability  will  be 
given  consideration,  the  decision  of  the 
management  to  be  accepted  as  final. 

The  company  agrees  to  work  with  the 
union  on  a  plan  of  establishing  an  Exam- 
ining Board  that  will  certify  all  workers 
in  the  trade  according  to  the  workers' 
ability. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure. 

Knitting  Machine  Needles — Bedford,  Que. 
— The  Torrington  Company  Limited 
and  International  Union,  United  Auto- 
mobile, Aircraft  and  Agricultural 
Implement  Workers  of  America, 
Local  956. 


Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  February 
18,  1953,  to  February  17,  1954,  and  there- 
after from  year  to  year,  subject  to  60  days' 
notice. 

Check-off:  voluntary  but  irrevocable. 

Hours:  during  the  months  October  to  May 
— 9  per  day  Monday  through  Friday,  5  on 
Saturday,  a  50-hour  week:  during  June, 
July,  August  and  September — 9  per  day 
Monday  through  Friday,  a  45-hour  week. 
Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work  in 
excess  of  above  weekly  hours  and  for  work 
on  Sundays  and  on  10  specified  holidays,  5 
of  which  are  paid  holidays. 

Vacations  with  pay:  the  plant  will  close 
for  2  weeks  during  the  summer.  Employees 
who  have  completed  one  year  of  continuous 
service  will  receive  one  week's  pay,  while 
employees  with  5  or  more  years  of  con- 
tinuous service  will  receive  2  weeks'  pay. 
Employees  with  3  months  but  less  than 
one  year  of  continuous  service  will  receive 
one-half  days'  pay  for  each  calendar  month 
worked.  Employees  who  do  not  return  to 
work  immediately  after  the  vacation  period 
will  have  one-half  their  vacation  pay 
deducted  from  their  wages,  unless  they  have 
a  legitimate  excuse  acceptable  to  the 
company. 

Wages:  the  wage  rates  in  effect  imme- 
diately prior  to  the  date  of  the  present 
agreement  will  remain  in  effect  for  the 
duration  of  this  agreement.  The  minimum 
hiring  rates  will  be  60  cents  per  hour  for 
males  and  45  cents  for  females.  These  rates 
will  be  increased  by  5  cents  per  hour  after 
3  months  and  by  an  additional  5  cents  after 
6  months  of  continuous  employment. 

Night  shift  differential:  a  premium  of  5 
cents  per  hour  will  be  paid  to  employees 
who  work  on  a  night  shift. 

Insurance  and  Benefit  Plan:  the  parties 
agree  to  enlarge  the  scope  of  the  existing 
Insurance  and  Benefit  Plan  to  obtain  certain 
specified  additional  Blue  Cross  benefits.  The 
costs  of  the  Insurance  and  Benefit  Plan,  as 
amended,  shall  continue  to  be  borne  one- 
half  by  the  company  and  one-half  by  the 
employees. 

Seniority:  ability  being  equal,  seniority 
will  be  the  governing  factor  in  lay-off, 
re-hiring,  promotion  and  demotion.  In  cases 
of  lay-off  only,  members  of  the  grievance 
committee  will  have  preferential  seniority. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure 
and  the  safety  and  health  of  employees. 

Construction 

Plasterers — Edmonton,  Alta. — Edmonton 
Plastering  Contractors  and  the  Oper- 
ative Plasterers'  and  Cement  Masons' 
International  Association  of  the  United 
States  and  Canada,  Local  372. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  April  1, 
1953,  to  March  31,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year,  subject  to  notice.  The  juris- 
diction of  this  agreement  extends  to  that 
part  of  Alberta  which  lies  north  of  a  line 
drawn  through  the  City  of  Red  Deer,  east 
and  west  to  the  boundaries  of  the  province. 

Union  security:  on  all  work  done  in  its 
jurisdiction,  members  of  Local  372  must  be 
employed  on  a  fifty-fifty  basis,  when  avail- 
able, but  all  men  employed  must  be 
members  of  the  international  union  in  good 
standing.  Members  of  Local  372  will  work 
only  for  contractors  recognized  by  this  local 


1027 


as  fair  contractors.  No  men  shall  be 
accepted  as  a  member  of  the  union  until 
he   produces  proof   of  his   qualifications. 

Check-off:  the  contractors  agree  to  collect 
all  fees,  dues  and  fines  and  to  remit  same 
to  the  union. 

Hours:  8  per  day  Monday  through  Friday, 
a  40-hour  week.  Overtime:  time  and  one- 
half  for  work  between  5  p.m.  and  10  p.m., 
double  time  between  10  p.m.  and  8  a.m.  and 
for  work  on  Saturdays,  Sundays  and  on  8 
specified  holidays,  except  that  Saturday  work 
outside  a  radius  of  20  miles  from  Edmonton 
City  limits  is  optional  and,  if  worked,  will 
be  paid  for  at  single  time. 

Minimum  wage  rates:  $2. 12^  (previously 
$2)  per  hour;  foremen  will  be  paid  10  cents 
per  hour  over  the  set  scale.  Any  job 
employing  5  or  more  plasterers  shall  have 
one  foreman  who  must  be  a  skilled  plasterer. 

Night  shift  differential:  for  work  on 
shifts  between  5  p.m.  and  8  a.m.  employees 
will  receive  8  hours'  pay  for  7  hours'  work. 

Out-of-town  jobs:  men  hired  in  Edmonton 
for  out-of-town  jobs  shall  receive  transporta- 
tion, board  and  room,  and  pay  for  travelling 
time  (up  to  8  hours  in  24).  Unless 
employees  remain  until  the  job  is  finished 
or  until  they  are  laid  off  or  discharged,  they 
will  not  be  entitled  to  return  expenses.  On 
jobs  outside  a  5-mile  radius  from  the  city 
limits  employees  will  be  paid  travelling  time 
for  travelling  before  8  a.m.  and  after  5  p.m. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  settling  of 
disputes. 

Transportation,  Storage,  Communication 

Urban    and    Suburban    Transportation— 

Ottawa,    Out. — Ottawa    Transportation 
Commission  and  Amalgamated  Associa- 
tion   of    Street    Electric    Railway    and 
Motor   Coach   Employees   of  America, 
Division  279. 
Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  January  1, 
1953,   to   December   31,    1954,   and  thereafter 
from     year     to     year,     subject     to     notice. 
However,  by  giving  notice  prior  to  November 
15,   1953,   either  party  may  require   re-nego- 
tiation of  the  wage  rates  for  the  year  1954, 
and   also   a  revision  of   the   normal   working 
periods     for     employees     in     the     operating 
department. 

Check-off:  voluntary  but  irrevocable.  How- 
ever, employees,  who  were  subject  to  the 
check-off  at  the  date  of  the  inception  of  this 
agreement  shall  remain  subject  thereto 
during  the  life  of  the  agreement. 

Hours:  44  (previously  48)  or  an  average 
of  44  hours  per  week  according  to  the 
following  schedule:  track,  line,  power  house 
employees,  night  clerks,  etc.  40  and  48  hours 
in  alternate  weeks;  bus  garage — day  staff  8 
per  day  5J  days  a  week,  night  staff  9  per 
day  4  days  a  week  and  8  hours  on  the  fifth 
day;  car  barn — day  staff  8  per  day  5 J  days 
a  week,  night  staff  40  and  48  hours  in  alter- 
nate weeks;  operating  division  7  hours  and 
20  minutes  per  day  6  days  a  week.  Over- 
time: time  and  one-half  will  be  paid  to 
car  and  bus  operators  for  platform  time 
worked  in  excess  of  the  equivalent  of  8 
hours  per  day  for  the  pay  period,  and  to 
all  other  employees  for  all  time  worked  in 
excess  of  the  equivalent  of  8  hours  per  day 
for  the  pay  period,  to  trackman  and  day 
staff  employees  of  power  house,  car  shop, 
car  shed,  bus  garage  and  line  department 
answering   emergency   calls   on    Sundays   and 


on  6  specified  holidays;  time  and  one- 
quarter  for  work  on  Sundays  and  on  6 
specified  holidays;  double  time  for  work  on 
2  specified  holidays  (previously  time  and 
one-quarter  for  work  on  8  holidays). 
Employees  engaged  in  overtime  work  will 
be  given  meal  tickets. 

The  above  provisions  concerning  hours  of 
work  and  overtime  shall  become  effective 
for  the  operating  department  on  March  1, 
1953,  and  for  all  other  divisions  on  February 
16,  1953. 

Vacations  ivith  pay:  employees  with  less 
than  one  year's  service  will  be  entitled  to 
one-half  day  for  each  month  worked,  to  be 
taken  in  the  calendar  year  following  the  one 
in  which  they  were  hired;  after  one  year's 
qualifying  service  an  employee  will  be 
entitled  to  7  days  off  with  6  days'  pay,  after 
2  or  more  qualifying  years  to  14  days  off 
with  12  days'  pay. 

Hourly  wage  rates  for  certain  classifica- 
tions (effective  March  1,  1953,  for  operating 
department  and  February  16,  1953,  for  all 
other  divisions) ;  operators,  training  $1,  first 
6  months  $1.28,  second  6  months  $1.32,  third 
6  months  $1.36,  thereafter  $1.38;  super- 
visors $1.38,  instructors  $1.43  and  $1.53, 
loaders-fare  collectors  $1.27,  linemen  $1.30  to 
$1.41,  groundmen  $1.23  to  $1.28;  power 
house,  etc. — water  plant  operators  $1.33  and 
$1.38,  sub-station  operators  $1.31  and  $1.33, 
learners  $1.28,  maintenance  and  repairmen 
$1.35  and  $1.47,  helpers  $1.22  to  $1.30;  bus 
garage — motor  mechanic,  body  mechanic, 
automotive  electrician  $1.36  to  $1.49;  appren- 
tices from  $1.01  in  first  year  to  $1.23  in  fifth 
year;  garage  attendants  $1.22  to  $1.40, 
garage  labourer  $1.01  to  $1.18;  car  shop  and 
car  house — blacksmiths  $1.33  and  $1.44, 
carpenters  $1.30  to  $1.44,  machinists  $1.34 
to  $1.49,  upholsterers  $1.33  and  $1.42, 
welders  $1.33  to  $1.49,  armature  winders 
$1.29  to  $1.43,  car  electrical  repairmen  $1.32 
to  $1.43,  oiler  $1.32,  cleaners  $1.22;  track 
department — trackmen  $1.23  and  $1.27,  track 
welders  $1.29  and  $1.33;  switchmen,  truck 
drivers  $1.22  and  $1.27;  labourers  $1.01  to 
$1.22,  watchmen  $1.09  to  $1.15.  (The  above 
rates  are  from  8  to  12  cents  per  hour  higher 
than  the  previous  rates.  Employees  now 
receive  approximately  the  same  take-home 
pay  for  a  44-hour  week  as  previously  for  a 
48-hour  week.) 

The  commission  will  provide  employees 
with  free  transportation  on  its  regular  car 
and  bus  service.  All  operators  will  be 
supplied  by  the  commission  with  uniform 
clothing,  switchmen  with  rubber  boots, 
waterproof  coats  and  waterproof  hats  and 
trackmen,  employed  at  drain  work  during 
the  spring  and  fall,  with  rubber  boots. 

Provision  is  made  for  a  Sick  Benefit  Plan, 
seniority  rights  and  grievance  procedure. 

Service 

Building    Service — Montreal,    Que. — Build- 
ing Owners'  and  Managers'  Association 
of  Montreal  Inc.  and  Building  Service 
Employee  s'     International     Union, 
Local  298. 
Agreements,  entered  into  on  various  dates 
for    the  .different   buildings,    to   be    in   effect 
for   a   period   of   2   years   from   the    date   of 
signature    and   thereafter    for    an    additional 
year,  subject  to  notice. 


1028 


Check-off:  the  companies  agree  to  deduct 
monthly  union  dues  and  initiation  fees  from 
the  pay  of  employees  who  so  authorize.  The 
authorization  may  be  signed  to  cover  the 
entire  period  of  employment  during  which 
an  agreement  exists  between  the  union  and 
the  employer. 

Hours:  54  per  week,  except  for  mainten- 
ance men  (48  hours)  and  for  watchmen  (66 
hours) ;  6  working  days  will  constitute  a 
working  week.  When  12  hours  continuous 
service  are  required,  the  meal  period  shall 
not  be  deducted  if  required  to  be  taken  on 
the  premises.  Overtime:  time  and  one-half 
for  work  in  excess  of  a  regular  working 
week,  double  time  for  work  on  7  specified 
paid  holidays. 

Best  periods:  all  elevator  operators  will 
be  given  two  15-minute  rest  periods  per 
shift. 

Vacations  with  pay:  one  week  after  6 
months'  service,  two  weeks  after  one  year's 
service. 

Hourly  wage  rates  effective  from  April  6, 
1953:  starter  elevator  operator  93  cents; 
elevator  operator,  male  91  cents,  female  81 
cents;  watchmen  91  cents,  handy  men  $1.01, 
maintenance  men  $1.11;  cleaners,  male  90 
cents,  female  83  cents  (these  rates  are  5 
cents  per  hour  higher  than  the  previous 
rates) . 

All  special  equipment,  including  uniforms, 
if  required  by  _  the  employer  shall  be 
furnished  and  maintained  by  him. 

Provision  is  made  for  seniority  rights  and 
grievance  procedure. 

Schools  (Teachers) — Montreal,  Que. — 
The  Montreal  Catholic  School  Com- 
mission and  U Association  des  Educa- 
teurs  Catholiques   de   Montreal. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  December 
1,  1952,  to  November  30,  1955;  however,  if, 
after  December  1,  1954,  economic  conditions 
are  radically  different  from  those  of  today, 
the  association  may  request  a  revision  of 
the  salary  scales. 

Basic  scale  of  annual  salaries  (the 
figures  quoted  are  for  female  teachers, 
single  male  teachers,  and  married  male 
teachers  respectively) :  elementary  course — 
1st  year  $1,700,  $1,900,  $2,200;  2nd  year 
$1,800,  $2,000,  $2,300;  3rd  year  $1,900,  $2,100, 
$2,400;  4th  year  $1,900,  $2,200,  $2,600;  5th 
year  $2,000,  $2,300,  $2,700;  6th  year  $2,000, 
$2,400,  $2,800;  7th  year  $2,200,  $2,700,  $3,000; 
8th  year  $2,200,  $2,800,  $3,100;  9th  year 
$2,400,  $2,900,  $3,200;  10th  year  $2,400, 
$3,200,  $3,500;  11th  and  12th  years  $2,500, 
$3,200,  $3,500;  13th  and  14th  years  $2,500, 
$3,500,  $3,800;  15th  year  $2,600,  $3,500, 
$3,800;  16th  to  18th  years  $2,600,  $3,600, 
$4,000;  after  18th  year  $3,000,  $3,700,  $4,300. 

In  addition,  the  following  annual  supple- 
ments will  be  paid:  to  junior  high  course 
teachers  $300;  to  senior  high  course  teachers 
$500;  to  unmarried  teachers  (male  and 
female)  who  have  dependents  $200;  to 
female  teachers  in  charge  of  first  grade 
classes  who  have  attended  and  passed  the 
examination  for  the  improvement  courses 
organized  for  teachers  of  this  grade  $200, 
provided  their  teaching  is  satisfactory;  to 
teacher  in  charge  of  the  school  library  $100, 
to  teacher  in  charge  of  singing  in  the  school 
$100;  to  each  teacher  in  charge  of  gymnastic 
lessons  a  minimum  annual  remuneration  of 
$50,  plus  an  annual  remuneration  of  50  cents 
per  pupil    for   all   pupils   in   excess  of   50    in 


the  teacher's  class;  to  teachers  who  teach  in 
the  hospitals  $100;  to  auxiliary  class  teachers 
— first  3  years  of  teaching  $100,  4th  and  5th 
years  of  teaching  $200,  6th  and  following 
years  of  teaching  $300;  to  any  teacher  who 
holds  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  or  of 
Sciences  $300;  if  the  teacher  obtains  a 
Licentiate  in  Pedagogy  or  a  Licentiate  or  a 
Master's  Degree  in  one  of  the  basic  subjects 
of  the  official  program  $350;  if  the  teacher 
obtains  a  Doctorate  in  any  of  the  same  sub- 
jects $400;  to  any  teacher,  not  holding  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts,  who  obtains  a 
Superior  Diploma  in  Pedagogy  from  the 
Institut  Saint-Georges  $100. 

Escalator  clause:  in  addition  to  the  above 
salaries  and  supplements,  the  Commission 
will  pay  all  teachers  a  cost-of-living  bonus 
of  $20  a  month,  increased  or  decreased  by 
$2  for  each  whole  point  of  change  in  the 
consumer  price  index  above  or  below  the 
figure  116-1. 

The  by-laws  of  the  Commission  concerning 
leave  of  absence  for  study,  absence  through 
illness,  premature  retirement  and  group  life 
insurance  form  an  integral  part  of  this 
agreement. 

The  Commission  agrees  to  examine  with 
the  representatives  of  the  association  any 
contentious  case  submitted  by  the  executive 
of  the  association. 

Schools       (Teachers) — Montreal,      Que. — 
The    Montreal   Catholic   School   Com- 
mission and  The  Federation  pf  English- 
Speaking  Catholic  Teachers. 
Agreement  t©  be  in  effect  from  December 
1,  1952,  to  November  30,  1955;   however,  if, 
after  December  1,  1954,  economic  conditions 
are  radically  different  from  those  of  today, 
the  federation  may  request  a  revision  of  the 
salary  scales.     This  agreement  is  similar  to 
the     one    between    The     Montreal     Catholic 
School    Commission    and    L'Association    des 
Educateurs    Catholiques    de    Montreal,    sum- 
marized    above,    with    the     same     scale     of 
salaries. 

Municipal  Government — Lethbridge,  Alta. 
— The  City  of  Lethbridge  and  The 
Federal  Union  of  Civic  Employees, 
Local  70  (TLC). 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  January  1, 
1953,  to  December  31,  1953,  and  thereafter 
from  year  to  year,  subject  to  notice. 

Check-off:  compulsory  for  all  employees 
(modified  Rand  Formula) . 

Hours:  8  per  day  5  days  a  week,  a  40- 
hour  week.  Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for 
the  first  4  hours  in  excess  of  the  regular 
shift;  double  time  thereafter  and  for  work 
on  Saturdays,  Sundays  (or  the  alternative 
days  of  rest)  and  on  8  specified  paid 
holidays,  as  well  as  on  all  general  holidays 
(also  paid)  proclaimed  by  the  municipal, 
provincial  or  federal  governments. 

Vacations  with  pay:  permanent  employees 
will  be  granted  2  weeks  after  one  year  and 
3  weeks  after  10  years  of  continuous  service. 
No  employee  will  be  entitled  to  receive  any 
pay  for  his  vacations  if  during  the  vacation 
period  he  engages  in  work  for  which  he 
receives  from  any  party,  other  than  the 
City  of  Lethbridge,  any  remuneration. 

Sickness  and  accident  pay:  the  city  agrees 
to  continue  the  group  sickness  and  accident 
policy  in  force  with  an  insurance  company. 
It  will   pay  to  its  permanent  employees  the 


1029 


rates  of  pay  in  effect  during  1952,  for 
absences  covered  by  the  group  sickness  or 
accident  policy  or  the  Workmen's  Compen- 
sation Act  of  Alberta  during  the  year  1953. 
Payments  to  the  employees  will  be  made 
only  for  the  same  period  the  compensation 
is  paid  under  the  insurance  policy,  but 
including  the  one  week  waiting  period  in 
case  of  absence  covered  by  the  group  sick- 
ness policy,  and  for  the  period  of  payment 
under  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act, 
but  not  for  more  than  13  weeks  in  any  one 
period  per  year,  nor  more  than  one  period 
of  13  weeks  per  year  after  age  60,  and  no 
payment  of  salaries  whatsoever  after  the 
age  of  70  years.  The  above  payments  will 
be  made  on  the  understanding  that  any 
moneys  payable  by  the  insurance  company 
and  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Board  to 
the  employee  will  be  paid  to  the  city  either 
by  the  company,  the  Board,  or  the  employee. 
Hourly  wage  rates  for  certain  classifica- 
tions: parks  department — foreman  $1.44; 
gardener,  truck  driver,  tractor  operator 
$1.30;  maintenance  man  grave  digger  $1.22; 
labourer,  first  class  $1.08,  casual  $1;  water- 
works department — machine  operator  $1.47, 
pipelayer    $1.39,    meter    reader    $1.34,    meter 


repairman  $1.44,  digger,  ditch  rider  $1.24; 
street  department — utility  men  $1.39  and 
$1.50,  building  maintenance  man  $1.50, 
cement  finisher  $1.43.  garbage  men  $1.30  and 
$1.35,  trouble  man  $1.30  (no  change  in  rates 
from  previous  agreement). 

Shift  work:  members  of  the  union  requested 
to  work  any  time  between  midnight  and 
8  a.m.  in  lieu  of  their  regular  day  shift 
will  be  paid  at  the  rate  of  8  hours'  pay  for 
7  hours'  work.  The  same  rate  will  apply  for 
each  of  two  shifts,  should  the  employer 
require  that  two  shifts  a  day  be  worked 
other  than  the  normal  8  a.m.  to  5  p.m. 
period. 

Clothing:  slickers  and  rubber  boots  will 
be  made  available  to  employees  when  work- 
ing in  wet  ditches.  Garbage  collectors  will 
be  provided  with  slickers  for  use  in  wet 
weather.  The  above  clothing  will  remain 
the  property  of  the  city;  when  not  being 
used,  it  must  be  returned  to  the  city. 

Seniority:  promotions  in  any  department 
shall  be  made  from  the  permanent  staff  of 
such  department  on  the  basis  of  seniority 
and  efficiency  provided  the  applicants  have 
the  necessary  qualifications. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure. 


Collective  Agreement  Act,  Quebec 


Recent  proceedings  under  the  Collective 
Agreement  Act,  Quebec,*  include  the  exten- 
sion of  one  new  agreement  and  the  amend- 
ment of  eight  others.  In  addition  to  those 
summarized  below,  they  include:  the 
amendment  of  the  agreement  for  funeral 
service  employees  at  Montreal  published  in 
the  Quebec  Official  Gazette  April  25,  and 
the     amendment     of    the     agreements     for 


*In  Quebec,  the  Collective  Agreement  Act 
provides  that  where  a  collective  agreement 
has  been  entered  into  by  an  organization  of 
employees  and  one  or  more  employers  or 
associations  of  employers,  either  side  may 
apply  to  the  provincial  Minister  of  Labour 
to  have  the  terms  of  the  agreement  which 
concern  wages,  hours  of  labour,  apprentic2- 
ship,  and  certain  other  conditions  made 
binding  throughout  the  province  or  within 
a  certain  district  on  all  employers  and 
employees  in  the  trade  or  industry  covered 
by  the  agreement.  Notice  of  such  applica- 
tion is  published  and  30  days  are  allowed 
for  the  filing  of  objections,  after  which  an 
Order  in  Council  may  be  passed  granting 
the  application,  with  or  without  changes  as 
considered  advisable  by  the  Minister.  The 
Order  in  Council  may  be  amended  or 
revoked  in  the  same  manner.  Each  agree- 
ment is  administered  and  enforced  by  a 
joint  committee  of  the  parties.  References 
to  the  summary  of  this  Act  and  to  amend- 
ments to  it  are  given  in  the  Labour  Gazette, 
January,  1949,  page  65.  Proceedings  under 
this  Act  and  earlier  legislation  have  been 
noted  in  the  Labour  Gazette  monthly  since 
June,  1934. 


barbers  and  hairdressers  at  Joliette  and  for 
garages  and  service  stations  at  Sherbrooke, 
gazetted  May  9. 

A  request  for  the  amendment  of  the 
agreement  for  the  building  trades  at 
Montreal  was  published  April  25;  a  request 
for  a  new  agreement  for  barbers  and  hair- 
dressers at  Quebec,  and  requests  for  the 
amendment  of  the  agreements  for  the 
building  trades  at  St.  Jerome  and  for  the 
gasoline  retail  trade  at  Chicoutimi  were 
published  May  2.  A  request  for  the  amend- 
ment of  the  agreement  for  the  baking 
industry  at  Trois  Rivieres  was  published 
May  9;  requests  for  the  amendment  of  the 
agreements  for  trade  and  office  employees 
at  Jonquiere,  for  the  paint  manufacturing 
industry  and  the  ladies'  handbag  manu- 
facturing industry  in  the  province  were 
gazetted  May  16;  requests  for  the  amend- 
ment of  the  agreements  for  the  building 
trades  at  St.  Jean  and  Iberville  and  at 
Montreal,  for  printing  trades  at  Quebec  and 
a  request  for  a  new  agreement  for  the 
baking  industry  at  Granby  were  all 
gazetted  May  23. 

Orders  in  Council  were  also  published 
approving  the  constitution  and  by-laws  of 
certain- joint  committees  and  others  approv- 
ing the  levy  of  assessments  on  the  parties 
to  certain  agreements. 


1030 


Manufacturing 

Men's      and      Boys'      Clothing      Industry, 
Province   of   Quebec. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  April  30  and 
gazetted  May  9  makes  binding  the  terms  of 
a  new  agreement  between  the  Associated 
Clothing  Manufacturers  of  the  Province  of 
Quebec,  Inc.;  The  Montreal  Clothing  Con- 
tractors Association,  Inc.;  L' 'Association  des 
Fabricants  de  Vetements  de  Quebec,  inc.; 
The  Rainwear  and  Sportswear  Manufac- 
turers Association;  The  Odd  Pants  Manu- 
facturers Association  of  Quebec  and  the 
Amalgamated  Clothing  Workers  of  America, 
"Montreal  Joint  Board;  La  Federation 
nationale  des  Travailleurs  de  V Industrie  du 
Vetement,  inc.  Agreement  to  be  in  effect 
from  May  9,  1953,  until  July  1,  1953,  and 
thereafter  from  year  to  year  subject  to 
notice. 

Industrial  jurisdiction:  the  present  agree- 
ment applies  to  the  manufacture  (in  factories 
or  elsewhere)  of  men's  and  boys'  clothing, 
as  well  as  children's  clothing,  subject  to 
certain  exceptions.  Provisions  are  similar  to 
those  previously  in  effect  and  summarized 
in  the  Labour  Gazette,  October  1952,  and 
February  1953.  However,  in  children's 
.clothing  (schedule  IV),  the  clause,  clothing 
for  children  of  ages  3,  4,  5  and  6  years  and 
-clothing  for  girls  7  to  14  years  of  age,  now 
reads  as  follows:  coats  for  boys  and  girls 
4,  5  and  6  years  of  age,  not  exceeding  24  X, 
and  coats  for  girls  7  to  14  years  of  age, 
inclusive. 

Territorial  jurisdiction  comprises  the  entire 
province  divided  into  three  zones:  Zone  I, 
the  Island  of  Montreal  and  within  a  radius 
of  15  miles  of  its  limits;  Zone  II,  within  a 
radius  of  75  miles  beyond  the  limits  of 
Zone  I;  Zone  III,  the  balance  of  the 
province. 

Hours  are  unchanged  at  40  per  week  in 
Zone  I;  44  in  Zones  II  and  III.  Provision 
is  made  for  shift  work  on  certain  contracts. 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work  in 
excess  of  regular  hours  in  all  three  zones; 
.double  time  and  one-half  for  work  on  any 
of  5  paid  holidays.  (Overtime  provisions 
are  unchanged.) 

Minimum  wage  rates  are  the  same  as  those 
which  were  previously  in  effect  and  the  rates 
for  certain  classifications  are  as  follows: 
Schedule  I,  class  "A"  garments  (coats, 
pants,  vests) — skilled  cutters  $1,044  per 
hour  in  Zone  I,  93  cents  in  Zone  II,  87J 
cents  in  Zone  III;  skilled  trimmers  96-2-  cents 
in  Zone  I,  86|  cents  in  Zone  II,  82  cents  in 
Zone  III;  pocket  makers  (coats  and  pants) 
90  cents  in  Zone  I,  79|  cents  in  Zone  II, 
75J  cents  in  Zone  III;  head  operators 
and  shape  sewers  (coats),  pocket  makers, 
tape  sewers  (vests)  98  cents  in  Zone  I, 
87i  cents  in  Zone  II,  83J  cents  in 
Zone  III;  other  minimum  rates  range  from 
22  cents  per  hour  in  Zone  I,  19J  cents  in 
.Zone  II,  18  cents  in  Zone  III  during  first 
3  months  for  basting  pullers,  to  87  cents  per 
hour  in  Zone  I,  76^  cents  in  Zone  II  and  73 
cents  in  Zone  III  for  fitters,  offpressers 
(coats)  leg  pressers  (pants)  and  offpressers 
(vests)  ;  Schedule  II,  class  "B"  garments 
(raincoats,  etc.) — markers  or  knife  cutters 
94  cents  in  Zone  I,  83|  cents  in  Zone  II,  79 
cents  in  Zone  III;  trimmers,  shape  sewers, 
etc.  87  cents  in  Zone  I,  78  cents  in  Zone  II, 
74  cents  in  Zone  III;   other  minimum  rates 


range  from  40  cents  per  hour  in  Zone  I,  36 
cents  in  Zone  II,  34  cents  in  Zone  III  for 
finishers,  button  makers,  button  sewers,  etc., 
to  79  cents  in  Zone  I,  71  cents  in  Zone  II, 
67  cents  in  Zone  III  for  offpressers  (hand 
or  machine)  and  pocket  makers;  Schedule 
III  (odd  pants) — skilled  cutters  93^  cents 
in  Zone  I,  83J  cents  in  Zone  II,  81  cents  in 
Zone  III;  front  and  back  pocket  makers, 
trimmers  and  seamers  85  cents  in  Zone  I, 
76  cents  in  Zone  II,  72^  cents  in  Zone  III; 
other  rates  range  from  40  cents  per  hour  in 
Zone  I,  35  cents  in  Zone  II,  34  cents  in  Zone 
III  for  fly  makers,  pocket  sergers,  finishers, 
examiners,  etc.,  to  79  cents  in  Zone  I,  70 
cents  in  Zone  II,  65J  cents  in  Zone  III  for 
lining  stitchers  and  leg  pressers;  Schedule  IV 
(children's  clothing) — skilled  markers  83J 
cents  in  Zone  I,  74  cents  in  Zone  II,  71  cents 
in  Zone  III;  trimmers  75  cents  in  Zone  I, 
67i  in  Zone  II,  63|  in  Zone  III;  other  rates 
range  from  21  cents  per  hour  in  Zone  I,  18 
cents  in  Zone  II,  17  cents  in  Zone  III  for 
sleeve  lining  tackers,  sleeve  lining  sewers, 
basting  pullers,  etc.  (during  first  3  months), 
to  64-J  cents  in  Zone  I,  58  cents  in  Zone  II, 
54  cents  in  Zone  III  for  shape  makers,  tape 
sewers,  offpressers  and  sleeve  hangers. 

Cost-of-living  bonus  provisions  which 
specify  amounts  ranging  from  17J  to  28| 
cents  per  hour,  subject  to  certain  specific 
conditions  in  the  industry,  are  unchanged 
from  those  previously  in  effect    (L.G.,   June 

1951,  p.  827;  Oct.  1952,  p.  1361;  Feb.  1953, 
p.  283). 

Vacations  with  pay  provisions  are 
unchanged  as  follows:  all  employees  will  be 
granted  one  week  with  pay  equal  to  2  per 
cent  of  total  earnings  during  the  12  months 
preceding  June  30;  2  weeks  with  pay  to  all 
employees  with  2  years'  continuous  service 
except  those  working  in  the  manufacture  of 
children's  clothing  comprising  ages  4  to  6 
years  inclusive,  not  exceeding  size  24X  and 
girls  coats  up  to  the  age  of  14  years 
inclusive. 

Other  provisions  of  this  agreement  include 
regulations  governing  restrictions  on  certain 
types  of  work,  piecework  rates  and  appren- 
ticeship conditions. 

Printing  Trades,   Montreal. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  April  30  and 
gazetted  May  2  amends  the  previous  Orders 
in    Council    for    this    industry     (L.G.,    June 

1952,  p.  780;  Jan.  1953,  p.  97,  March,  p.  432, 
May,  p.  728,  and  previous  issues). 

Industrial  jurisdiction:  as  previously  in 
effect,  this  agreement  applies  to  all  persons 
engaged  in  the  production  of  printing,  except 
daily  newspapers,  by  Letterpress  process, 
multicopying  processes  of  every  description, 
typesetting,  press  work,  cutting,  ruling  book- 
binding and  finishing,  whether  in  trade 
plants,  private,  industrial,  commercial  or  any 
other  establishment  and  whether  such  oper- 
ations constitute  its  principal  business  or 
are  accessory  to  some  other  enterprise.  It 
is  now  provided  that  this  agreement  will 
also  apply  to  all  persons  engaged  in  the 
production  of  seals  and  labels  by  the  stamp- 
ing process,  the  French  Edge  Process  or  the 
process  whereby  such  seals  and  labels  are 
printed  or  embossed  in  one  or  more  colours 
and  die  cut  in  one  continuous  operation. 

Hours:  40  per  week  in  Zone  I,  44  per 
week  in  Zones  II  and  III  for  persons 
engaged  in  the  production  of  printing;  42 
hours  per  week  in  Zone  I,  46  hours  in  Zones 
II   and   III    for    all   persons   engaged   in   the 


1031 


production  of  seals  and  labels  by  the  stamp- 
ing p  •<:.,  between  May  1,  1953,  and 
April  30,  1954.  Effective  May  1,  1954  and 
thereafter,  weekly  hours  will  be  reduced  to 
40  in  Zone  I,  44  in  Zone  II  for  persons 
engaged  in  the  production  of  seals,  etc. 

Minimum  hourly  icage  rates  for  day  work: 
composing  room — minimum  rates  for  journey- 
men compositors,  journeymen  machine  key- 
board operators,  proof  readers  and  caster- 
men  are  increased  by  8  cents  per  hour  to 
$1.80  per  hour  in  Zone  I,  $1.51  in  Zone  II, 
$1.38  in  Zone  III;  rates  for  caster  runners 
are  from  2  to  4  cents  per  hour  higher  and 
are  now  as  follows:  from  56  cents  per  hour 
in  first  6  months  of  the  first  year  to  85 
cents  per  hour  in  the  second  6  months  of 
the  third  year  in  Zone  I,  49  to  74  cents  in 
Zone  II,  46  to  71  cents  in  Zone  III,  there- 
after a  rate  agreed  upon  between  employers 
and  employees  but  not  less  than  the  rate 
set  for  a  third  year  second  6  months  appren- 
tice; press  room — rates  for  journeymen 
pressmen  (rotary  presses,  flat  bed,  cylinder 
presses,  etc.)  now  range  from  $1.80  to  $2 
in  Zone  I  instead  of  from  $1.72  to  $1.91  as 
previously,  from  $1.51  to  $1.58  in  Zone  II 
instead  of  from  $1.43  to  $1.50  as  previously, 
and  from  $1.38  to  $1.50  in  Zone  III  instead 
of  from  $1.30  to  $1.42  as  previously;  rates 
for  journeymen  pressmen  on  platen  pr< 
etc.  are  increased  from  $1.48  to  $1.56  in 
Zone  I,  from  $1.18  to  $1.26  in  Zone  II  and 
from  $1.12  to  $1.20  in  Zone  III;  rates  for 
assistant  pressmen  ( rotary  presses,  etc.)  are 
8  cents  per  hour  higher  and  are  now  $1.56 
in  Zone  I,  $1.26  in  Zone  II  and  $1.20  in 
Zone  III;  rates  for  assistant  pressmen 
(platen  presses,  etc.)  are  increased  from 
$1.43  to  $1.51  in  Zone  I,  from  $1.14  to  $1.22 
in  Zone  II  and  from  $1.08  to  $1.16  in  Zone 
III;  rates  for  feeders  on  rotary  and  platen 
presses,  etc.  are  8  cents  per  hour  higher  and 
now  range  from  $1.21  to  $1.56  in  Zone  I, 
from  $1.01  to  $1.26  in  Zone  II  and  from 
95  cents  to  $1.20  in  Zone  III;  bookbinding 
and  finishing  departments — rates  for  book- 
binders and  operators  on  machines  are  in- 
creased from  $1.72  to  $1.80  in  Zone  I,  from 
$1.43  to  $1.51  in  Zone  II  and  from  $1.30 
to  $1.38  in  Zone  III;  paper  trimmers  and 
choppers  from  $1.15  to  $1.22  in  Zone  I,  from 
'.)'.',  cents  to  $1  in  Zone  II  and  from  87  to 
94  cents  in  Zone  III;  rates  for  female  help 
and  males  replacing  females  (all  classes  of 
employment  including  printing  bookbinding, 
etc.)  are  5  cents  per  hour  higher  in  all  3 
zones  making  the  new  rates  91  cents  per 
hour  in  Zone  I,  77  cents  in  Zone  II  and 
71  cents  in  Zone  III.  Minimum  rates  for 
unskilled  helpers  in  all  departments  are  3 
cents  per  hour  higher  and  are  now  as 
follows:  during  first  6  months  of  first  year 
56  cents  in  Zone  T,  49  cents  in  Zone  II,  4§ 
cents  in  Zone  III;  thereafter  68  cents  in 
Zone  I,  60  cents  in  Zone  II,  57  cents  in 
Zone  ITT.  Minimum  rates  for  apprentices 
of  all  classes  (male  and  female)  are  from 
1  to  8  rents  per  hour  higher  than  those 
previously  in  effect. 

Metal   Trades,   Quebec   District. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  April  16,  and 
gazetted  April  25,  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
April  1951,  p.  546,  Nov.,  p.  1538,  and 
previous  issues).  Other  Orders  in  Council 
were  published  in  the  Quehec  Official 
Gazette,  March  1  and  May  17,  1952.    Agree- 

1032 


ment  to  remain  in  force  until  July  10,  1953, 
thereafter  from  year  to  year,  subject  to 
notice. 

Overtime:  work  performed  between  6  p.m. 
Saturday  and  12  p.m.  Sunday  (previously 
7  a.m.  Monday),  by  night  shifts,  is  payable 
at  double  time. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates:  toolmaker 
$1.38  in  Zone  I,  $1.25  in  Zone  II;  tracer 
$1.28  in  Zone  I,  $1.15  in  Zone  II;  general 
welder,  general  machinist  $1.18  in  Zone  I, 
$1.05  in  Zone  II;  acetylene  or  electric  arc 
welder,  sheet  metal  mechanic,  lathe,  miller, 
etc.  machinists,  marine  mechanic,  fitting 
mechanic,  boilermaker,  pipe  mechanic, 
temperer  $1.13  in  Zone  I,  $1  in  Zone  II; 
machine  shop  joiner,  blacksmith,  cutter  $1.08 
in  Zone  I,  95  cents  in  Zone  II;  assembler 
from  68  cents  in  first  year  to  98  cents  in 
fourth  year  in  Zone  I,  from  62  to  89  cents 
in  Zone  II;  machine  operators  from  83 
cents  in  first  year  to  98  cents  in  third  year 
in  Zone  I,  from  76  to  88  cents  in  Zone  II; 
storemen  98  cents  in  Zone  I,  85  cents  in 
Zone  II;  production  worker  (structural 
construction)  from  83  cents  in  first  3  months 
to  88  cents  in  second  3  months  in  Zone  I, 
from  76  to  80  cents  in  Zone  II;  production 
workers  from  53  cents  in  first  3  months  to 
58  cents  in  second  3  months,  thereafter  63 
cents  in  Zone  I,  from  48  to  53  and  there- 
after 58  cents  in  Zone  II;  truck  driver  93 
cents  in  Zone  I,  83  cents  in  Zone  II; 
labourer  83  cents  in  Zone  I,  75  cents  in 
Zone  II;  apprentices  (all  trades)  from  52 
cents  in  first  year  to  78  cents  in  fourth 
year  in  Zone  I,  48  to  72  cents  in  Zone  II. 
(The  above  rates  are  8  cents  per  hour  higher 
than  those  previously  in  effect.)  Minimum 
rates  for  construction  boilermaker,  erector, 
steam  generator  mechanic  and  welder  are 
increased  from  $1.50  to  $1.65;  steam 
generator  mechanics'  and  welder's  helpers 
from  $1.10  to  $1.20. 

Other  provisions  of  this  amendment  in- 
clude regulations  governing  definitions,  call 
pay  and  apprenticeship. 

Construction 

Building  Trades,   Quebec  District. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  April  16  and 
gazetted  May  2,  extends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
Sept.  1950,  p.  1679;  July  1951,  p.  877,  Aug., 
p.  1109,  Sept.,  p.  1251,  Nov.,  p.  1539,  Dec, 
p.  1672;  Oct.,  1952,  p.  1362,  Nov.,  p.  1481; 
March  1953,  p.  433,  and  previous  issues),  to 
June  1,  1953. 

Building  Trades,  Hull  District. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  April  30  and 
gazetted  May  9,  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
Jan.  1950,  p.  78,  April,  p.  517,  Nov.,  p.  1905; 
Jan.  1951,  p.  64,  March,  p.  358,  June,  p.  828, 
Jan.  1952,  p.  56,  April,  p.  452,  May,  p.  611, 
June,  p.  781).  Another  amendment  was 
published  in  the  Queoec  Official  Gazette, 
October  4,  1952. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates:  the  minimum 
rates  for  carpenter — joiner  and  millwright 
$1.40  in  Zone  I  and  $1.25  in  Zone  II  are 
now  replaced  as  follows:  carpenter — joiner 
$1.65  in  Zone  I,  $1.25  in  Zone  II;  mill- 
wrright  $1.40  in  Zone  I,  $1.25  in  Zone  II. 
I  \  previous  amendment  summarized  in  the 
Labour  Gazette,  May,  1952,  set  the 
minimum  rate  for  carpenter — joiner  at  $1.60 
per  hour  in  Zone   I.) 

{Continued  on  page  1044) 


Labour    Law 


This  section,  prepared  by  the  Legisla- 
tion Branch,  reviews  labour  laws  as  they 
are  enacted  by  Parliament  and  the 
provincial  legislatures,  regulations  under 
these  laws,  and  selected  court  decisions 
affecting  labour. 


Highlights  of  Labour  Laws  Enacted 
by  Provincial  Legislatures  in  1953 

Manitoba  passed  Fair  Employment  Practices  Act;  New  Brunswick,  fair 
wages  legislation.  Alberta  made  provision  for  pensions  for  disabled. 
Trend  towards  higher  workmen's  compensation  benefits  was  continued 

At  the  1953  sessions  of  the  provincial 
Legislatures  new  labour  laws  were  enacted 
in  several  different  fields.  Through  amend- 
ments to  existing  statutes,  the  trend 
towards  higher  workmen's  compensation 
benefits  was  continued. 

The  Manitoba  Legislature  passed  a  Fair 
Employment  Practices  Act  to  ensure 
equality  of  opportunity  in  employment  by 
forbidding  discrimination  based  on  racial 
and  religious  prejudices. 

New  legislation  in  New  Brunswick,  to 
be  administered  by  the  Department  of 
Labour,  requires  the  payment  of  "fair 
wages"  and  sets  limits  on  working  hours  on 
government  construction  works. 

Two  new  measures  aimed  at  the  safety 
of  the  public  were  the  Gas  Inspection  and 
Licensing  Act  in  Saskatchewan  and  the 
Elevators  and  Lifts  Act  in  Ontario. 

Saskatchewan  passed  a  new  type  of  law 
to  make  medical  and  vocational  rehabilita- 
tion services  available  to  the  disabled; 
Alberta  followed  the  example  set  by  Ontario 
last  year  in  providing  pensions  for  disabled 
persons. 

The  provinces  of  Alberta  and  Saskat- 
chewan made  provision  for  settlement  by 
compulsory  arbitration  of  wage  disputes 
involving  policemen  and  firemen. 

The  prohibition  on  night  work  for 
women  and  young  persons  in  Ontario  was 
relaxed  to  the  extent  that  the  Minister 
of  Labour  was  given  power  to  issue  permits 
allowing  work  during  hours  other  than  those 
presently  prescribed  by  the   factories  Act. 


Workmen's  Compensation 

Changes  were  made  in  seven  of  the  ten 
Workmen's  Compensation  Acts.  In  some — 
Newfoundland,  New  Brunswick  and  Prince 
Edward  Island — the  amendments  were 
minor.  In  the  other  provinces — Manitoba, 
Nova  Scotia,  Ontario  and  Saskatchewan — 
following  the  trend  of  recent  years,  benefits 
were  increased  and  other  changes  made 
which  have  the  effect  of  liberalizing  the 
Acts.    The  most  extensive  changes  were  in 


Manitoba,  where  a  select  committee  of  the 
Legislature  appointed  in  1952  continued  its 
inquiry  into  the  Act  during  the  1953  session. 

Manitoba  increased  the  rate  of  payment 
for  disability  from  66f  to  70  per  cent, 
becoming  the  seventh  province  since  1945 
to  increase  the  percentage  rate.  With  this 
change  in  Manitoba,  the  rate  is  now  75 
per  cent  in  four  provinces,  70  in  three 
provinces,  and  66f  per  cent  in  the  remaining 
three. 

In  Nova  Scotia,  the  minimum  payment 
for  temporary  total  disability  was  raised 
from  $12.50  to  $15  a  week,  which  is  the 
minimum  in  all  provinces  except  Alberta. 
In  Alberta,  the  minimum  is  $25. 

The  only  province  to  reduce  the  waiting 
period  this  year  was  Nova  Scotia.  Pre- 
viously, no  compensation  was  payable  in 
that  province  for  any  disability  which 
lasted  less  than  seven  days.  In  such  cases 
the  workman  received  medical  aid  only. 
The  1953  amendments  reduced  this  period 
to  five  days. 

A  new  section  added  to  the  Saskat- 
chewan Act  will  allow  the  Workmen's 
Compensation  Board  to  pay  compensation 
to  a  workman  for  a  recurring  disability  on 
the  basis  of  his  present-day  earnings  instead 
of  on  his  wages  at  the  time  of  the  accident, 
which  were  likely  to  have  been  considerably 
lower.  The  amendment  states  that,  if  an 
injured  workman  who  has  returned  to  work 
suffers  a  temporary  recurrence  of  his  dis- 
ability, the  compensation  payable  will  be 
based  on  his  weekly  earnings  at  the  time 
of  the  injury  or  his  average  weekly  earn- 
ings during  the  12  months  preceding  the 
recurrence  of  the  disability,  whichever 
amount  is  greater. 


1033 


In  Manitoba,  a  change  was  made  with 
respect  to  the  vocational  training  which 
the  Board  has  authority  to  provide  for  the 
purpose  of  preparing  an  injured  workman 
for  another  occupation  to  which  he  may 
seem  adapted  and  which  is  likely  to 
increase  his  future  earning  capacity.  The 
provision  which  stated  that  the  cost  of  such 
training  for  an  individual  workman  was  to 
be  paid  from  the  reserve  set  aside  for  his 
compensation  was  struck  out  and  the  Board 
was  authorized  to  spend  up  to  $10,000  on 
vocational  training  in  a  year.  In  all  the 
Acts  but  those  of  Alberta,  British  Columbia 
and  Saskatchewan,  a  limit  is  placed  on  the 
Board's  annual  expenditure  for  rehabilita- 
tion work,  varying  from  $5,000  in  Prince 
Edward  Island  to  $100,000  in  Ontario  and 
Quebec. 

Four  provinces  increased  benefits  payable 
in  fatal  cases.  The  funeral  allowance  was 
increased  from  $150  to  $200  in  Manitoba 
and  from  $175  to  $250  in  Saskatchewan. 
The  $250  maximum,  also  payable  in 
British  Columbia  since  1952,  is  the  highest 
amount  payable  under  any  of  the  Acts. 
In  addition,  the  Manitoba  Board  may  pay 
all  expenses  of  transporting  the  workman's 
body  within  the  province  (the  limit  of  $100 
on  the  amount  to  be  spent  was  removed) 
and,  at  its  discretion,  may  pay  part  of 
the  necessary  expenses  if  the  body  has  to 
be  moved  for  burial  either  to  or  from  a 
point  outside  the  province.  In  Saskat- 
chewan, a  new  section  was  added  to  the 
Act  authorizing  the  Board  to  make  an 
allowance  for  transportation  of  the  body. 
The  amount  is  not  to  exceed  $100. 

Ontario  made  the  payment  to  a  widow 
$75  a  month,  as  British  Columbia  did  in 
1952.  The  Manitoba  Legislature  followed 
the  pattern  set  in  Alberta  in  1952  and 
provided  that  payments  to  all  widows 
should  be  brought  up  to  the  present  level 
of  $50  a  month,  regardless  of  when  the 
accident  occurred.  Persons  widowed  before 
1948  when  the  allowance  was  raised  to  $50 
will  now  receive  whatever  additional  com- 
pensation is  necessary  to  bring  their 
monthly  payment  up  to  $50.  The  sums 
necessary  to  pay  the  increased  pensions  are 
to  be  collected  from  employers  within 
Part  I  of  the  Act. 

It  was  further  enacted  in  Manitoba  that, 
if  there  is  no  widow  and  a  workman  lived 
with  a  common-law  wife  for  the  three  full 
years  before  his  death,  compensation  may 
be  paid,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Board,  to 
the  common-law  wife  until  she  marries. 

As  a  result  of  substantial  increases  in 
the  amounts  of  children's  allowances,  a  child 
under  16  years  of  age  in  the  care  of  one 
remaining  parent  must  now  receive  $20   a 


month -in  Manitoba  and  Nova  Scotia  and 
$25  in  Ontario;  for  orphans  the  allowance 
is  now  $30  a  month  in  Manitoba  and  Nova 
Scotia  and  $35  in  Ontario.  In  Nova  Scotia, 
the  increases  are  applicable  to  children 
for  whom  compensation  was  being  paid  on 
May  1,  1953,  with  respect  to  past  accidents 
as  well  as  to  children  who  will  be  granted 
compensation  arising  out  of  accidents  which 
occur  after  that  date. 

In  Nova  Scotia,  too,  the  maximum  com- 
pensation payable  to  other  dependants, 
where  there  is  no  widow  or  children,  was 
raised.  In  such  cases,  a  reasonable  sum  to 
be  determined  by  the  Board,  taking  into 
account  the  pecuniary  loss  sustained,  is  to 
be  paid  but  the  amount  is  now  limited  to 
$45  a  month  (formerly  $30)  to  a  parent  or 
parents  and  to  $60  a  month  (formerly  $45) 
to  all  such  dependants. 

Except  in  Alberta  and  British  Columbia, 
each  Act  places  a  maximum  on  the  total 
amount  of  benefits  payable  to  all  depen- 
dants of  a  deceased  workman.  In  Mani- 
toba, this  maximum  was  raised  to  70  per 
cent  of  the  workman's  average  monthly 
earnings,  instead  of  66f  per  cent.  Irre- 
spective of  the  workman's  earnings,  how- 
ever, compensation  may  not  fall  below 
certain  minimum  monthly  amounts  and 
these  minima  were  revised  upwards  in  both 
Manitoba  and  Ontario.  In  Manitoba,  the 
minimum  compensation  where  the  depen- 
dants are  a  widow  and  one  child  was  raised 
from  $12.50  a  week  to  $70  a  month  and 
where  the  dependants  are  a  widow  and 
two  or  more  children  from  $15  a  week 
to  $90  a  month.  In  Ontario,  the  minimum 
payable  to  a  widow  is  $75  a  month,  with 
a  further  payment  of  $25  to  each 
child  under  16  years,  up  to  $150  a  month 
for  mother  and  children.  The  former 
minimum  amounts  were  $50  for  a  widow 
and  $12  for  each  child,  up  to,  in  the 
whole,  not  more  than  $100  a  month. 

Amendments  were  also  made  to  the 
sections  which  deal  with  accidents  occur- 
ring outside  the  province.  Compensation 
is  payable  under  the  Ontario  Act  for  an 
accident  which  happens  to  a  workman 
whose  residence  is  in  Ontario  and  who  is 
injured  in  his  employment  on  a  ship  or 
railway  where  the  work  is  performed  both 
in  and  out  of  Ontario.  The  scope  of  this 
section  was  extended  to  accidents  happen- 
ing on  an  aircraft,  truck  or  bus.  In  this 
respect  the  Ontario  Act  is  now  like  the 
Act  of  British  Columbia.  A  similar  pro- 
vision -in  the  Manitoba  Act  which  applies 
to  employment  on  a  ship,  railway  or  air- 
craft was  amended  to  provide  for  the  pay- 


1034 


ment  of  compensation  for  an  accident 
which  occurs  outside  the  province  to 
members  of  a  fire  brigade  or  other  muni- 
cipal employees. 

With  respect  to  extra-provincial  employ- 
ment in  any  industry  under  the  Act  in 
which  the  employer  is  liable  to  contribute 
to  the  Accident  Fund,  a  further  amend- 
ment to  the  Ontario  Act  permits  coverage 
of  workmen  who  are  sent  by  their  employer 
to  work  out  of  Ontario  for  a  longer  period 
than  six  months.  Before  this  amendment, 
the  Act  provided  for  the  payment  of 
compensation  for  injuries  incurred  outside 
the  province  by  workmen  whose  residence 
and  usual  place  of  employment  are  in 
Ontario  and  who  work  for  an  employer 
whose  business  is  located  in  Ontario  only 
where  the  period  of  employment  outside 
the  province  lasted  less  than  six  months. 
The  amendment  meets  the  request  of  many 
employers  who  desire  coverage  for  their 
workmen  for  a  longer  time. 

A  further  change,  and  one  which  was 
recommended  by  Mr.  Justice  Roach  in  his 
1950  Royal  Commission  Report,  is  that  the 
Ontario  Act  now  makes  provision  for  an 
agreement  between  the  Ontario  Board  and 
the  Board  of  any  other  province  in  order 
to  prevent  employers  of  workmen  who  work 
part  of  the  time  in  Ontario  and  part  of  the 
time  in  another  province  from  having  to 
pay  double  assessments.  Under  such  an 
arrangement,  the  employer  would  be 
assessed  by  the  Ontario  Board  only  for 
the  wages  of  these  workmen  which  are 
earned  in  Ontario  and  by  the  Board  of 
the  other  province  for  the  earnings  which 
are  earned  in  that  province.  Under  the 
authority  of  a  comparable  statutory  pro- 
vision, the  Workmen's  Compensation 
Boards  in  some  of  the  other  provinces  have 
made  such  agreements. 

Administrative  changes  of  interest  in- 
cluded a  provision  for  the  appointment 
of  an  officer  of  the  Manitoba  Department 
of  Labour  to  assist  an  injured  workman, 
at  his  request,  in  preparing  and  presenting 
his  case  in  a  review  made  by  the  Board, 
and  a  further  provision  in  Manitoba 
directing  that  the  two  members  of  the 
Board  other  than  the  chairman  must  be 
appointed  for  a  five-year  term  but  may 
be  re-appointed.  All  members  of  the 
Manitoba  Board  must  retire  at  the  age  of 
75  unless  otherwise  directed  by  the 
Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council. 

In  Newfoundland,  the  Board  was  given 
authority  to  use  its  discretion  with  respect 
to  making  payments  for  medical  aid  when 
an  account  is  not  received  by  the  Board 
within  the  required  six  months.  It  was 
also  stipulated  that  in  investing  the  funds 


under    its    control    the    Board    must    have 
the   approval  of  the   Minister  of  Finance. 

Labour  Relations 

Four  provinces — New  Brunswick,  Nova 
Scotia,  Quebec  and  Saskatchewan — made 
minor  changes  in  their  labour  relations  Acts 
and  two — Alberta  and  Saskatchewan — pro- 
vided for  compulsory  arbitration  in  disputes 
involving  firemen  and  policemen. 

The  New  Brunswick  amendment  enables 
the  Government  to  bring  employees  of  any 
government  board  or  commission  under  the 
Labour  Relations  Act  by  Order  in  Council. 
It  was  passed  for  the  specific  purpose  of 
bringing  under  the  Act  the  employees  of 
the  Government-owned  New  Brunswick 
Electric  Power  Commission. 

In  Nova  Scotia,  the  Trade  Union  Act 
was  amended  to  alter  the  form  of  the 
assignment  by  which  an  employee  author- 
izes his  employer  to  check  off  his  union 
dues.  The  amendment  makes  provision  for 
the  deduction  of  such  amount  as  may,  from 
time  to  time,  be  fixed  as  dues  under  the 
union  constitution  or  by-laws,  and  would 
eliminate  the  making  of  a  new  authoriza- 
tion with  each  change  in  the  amount  of 
dues. 

Cited  as  "An  Act  to  eliminate  delays 
in  the  settlement  of  disputes  between 
employees  and  employers",  the  legislation 
in  Quebec  amended  the  Labour  Relations 
Act,  the  Trade  Disputes  Act  and  the  Act 
respecting  municipal  and  school  corpora- 
tions and  their  employees  to  state,  more 
explicitly  than  had  been  done  by  similar 
amendments  in  1951,  that  decisions  of  the 
Labour  Relations  Board  and  of  concilia- 
tion boards  are  not  subject  to  review  by 
the  courts.  In  all  three  Acts,  it  is  now 
categorically  stated  that  the  decisions  of 
the  Board  or  of  a  council  of  arbitration 
(conciliation  board)  shall  be  without  appeal 
and  cannot  be  revised  by  the  courts. 

A  new  section  added  to  the  Saskat- 
chewan Trade  Union  Act  provides  that, 
when  an  employer  has  been  ordered  by  the 
Labour  Relations  Board  to  bargain  collec- 
tively, he  continues  to  be  bound  by  the 
order  and  by  any  collective  agreement 
made  under  it  even  if  he  ceases  to  be  an 
"employer"  under  the  Act,  that  is,  if  he 
has  less  than  the  required  number  of 
employees  laid  down  in  the  definition  of 
employer.  The  amendment  is  intended  to 
cover  a  situation  where  an  employer  in  a 
seasonal  industry  such  as  construction  has 
no  employees  during  the  off-season  and 
would  make  it  unnecessary  for  a  union  to 
re-apply  for  certification  following  each 
occasion  when  the  employer  ceased  to 
employ  anyone. 


1035 


In  Saskatchewan,  by  amendments  to  the 
City  Act,  a  dispute  relating  to  hours  and 
conditions  of  work,  wages  or  employment 
between  members  of  the  police  force  and 
the  city  which  employs  them  (or  the  Board 
of  Police  Commissioners)  may  be  sub- 
mitted to  a  board  of  arbitration  for  a 
decision  which  is  binding  on  both  parties, 
provided  that  the  constitution  of  the  local 
labour  union  of  which  the  policemen  are 
nembers  contains  a  provision  prohibiting 
;hem  from  going  on  strike. 

An  Act  to  amend  the  Fire  Departments 
Platoon  Act  made  similar  provision  for 
compulsory  arbitration  for  full-time  fire- 
fighters, subject  to  the  same  condition  that 
their  union  constitution  must  contain  a 
provision  forbidding  its  members  to  strike. 

The  Acts  set  out  what  is  now  standard 
procedure  under  labour  relations  Acts  for 
the  giving  of  notice,  for  the  meeting  of 
the  parties  for  bargaining  and,  at  the 
written  request  of  either  party  when  the 
proceedings  have  reached  an  impasse,  for 
the  setting  up  of  a  three-man  board  of 
arbitration.  Hearings  of  the  board  are  to 
be  open  to  the  public. 

The  written  decision  of  the  board  (which 
when  a  majority  fail  to  agree  is  the 
decision  of  the  chairman)  is  binding  and 
must  be  put  into  effect.  Each  side  bears 
its  own  costs  and  pays  an  equal  share  of 
the  costs  of  the  chairman  and  other 
general  expenses. 

Practically  the  same  procedure  for 
bargaining  and  compulsory  arbitration  was 
provided  for  in  Alberta  in  a  new  Police 
Act  and  an  Act  amending  the  Fire  Depart- 
ments Platoon  Act.  In  these  Acts,  how- 
ever, the  board  of  arbitration  appointed 
to  bring  down  a  final  and  binding  deci- 
sion in  any  dispute  may  consist  of  either 
three  or  five  members.  In  either  case  it 
is  equally  representative  of  the  parties  and 
there  is  an  impartial  chairman. 

The  new  provisions  in  Alberta  are 
modelled  on  legislation  enacted  in  Ontario 
in  1947.  In  Alberta,  as  in  Ontario,  mem- 
bers of  a  municipal  police  force  may  not 
remain  or  become  members  of  a  trade  union 
but  they  may  belong  to  their  own  police 
association.  There  is  no  such  restriction 
on  fire-fighters.  The  Fire  Departments 
Platoon  Act  requires  all  members  of  the 
bargaining  committee  to  be  full-time  fire- 
fighters but,  where  at  least  half  the 
fire-fighters  belong  to  a  trade  union,  one 
representative  each  of  the  provincial  body 
and  of  the  international  body  with  which 
the  union  is  affiliated  may  assist  and  advise 
the  bargaining  committee  in  its  negotia- 
tions with  the  council. 


Besides  Saskatchewan,  Alberta  and 
Ontario,  two  other  provinces — British 
Columbia  and  Quebec— have  legislation  in 
effect  which  requires  disputes  between  fire- 
men or  policemen  and  the  municipality  to 
be  settled  by  arbitration. 

Fair  Employment  Practices 

Manitoba  passed  an  Act  to  prevent 
discrimination  in  regard  to  employment  and 
in  regard  to  membership  in  trade  unions 
by  reason  of  race,  national  origin,  colour 
or  religion.  Ontario  has  had  a  Fair 
Employment  Practices  Act  in  operation 
since  June  1951,  and  a  federal  Fair  Employ- 
ment Practices  Act,  applying  to  all  under- 
takings under  federal  authority  with  five 
or  more  employees,  came  into  effect  July  1. 

The  Manitoba  Fair  Employment  Practices 
Act  lays  down  certain  prohibitions  which 
apply  to  all  employers  in  the  province  who 
employ  five  or  more  workers.  An  employer 
may  not  refuse  to  hire  any  person  because 
of  his  race,  national  origin,  colour  or 
religion,  unless  his  refusal  is  based  upon 
a  bona  fide  occupational  qualification,  and, 
in  seeking  new  employees,  he  may  not  use 
any  employment  agency  that  so  discrim- 
inates. He  is  likewise  forbidden  to 
discriminate  on  any  of  these  grounds 
against  any  person  already  in  his  employ- 
ment. 

Advertisements  in  connection  with 
employment  which  express  a  preference  as 
to  race,  national  origin,  colour  or  religion, 
unless  the  preference  is  based  upon  a  bona 
fide  occupational  qualification,  may  not  be 
published. 

The  Act  also  forbids  trade  unions  to 
discriminate  against  any  person  because  of 
his  race,  national  origin,  colour  or  religion. 
They  may  not  exclude  a  person  from 
membership  in  the  union  for  any  of  these 
reasons;  may  not  expel,  suspend  or  other- 
wise discriminate  against  any  of  their 
members;  nor  may  they  discriminate 
against  any  person  in  regard  to  his 
employment  by  any  employer. 

Enforcement  of  the  Act  begins  with  the 
filing  of  a  written  complaint  with  the 
Department  of  Labour,  whereupon  an 
officer  of  the  Department  will  be  assigned 
to  make  an  inquiry  into  the  circumstances 
and  settle  the  matter,  if  possible.  If  these 
efforts  at  conciliation  are  unsuccessful,  the 
Minister  may  appoint  an  Industrial  Inquiry 
Commission  to  make  further  investigation 
and  to  recommend  the  course  that  should 
be  followed  to  set  the  matter  right.  When 
the  Minister  receives  the  commission's 
report,  he  must  furnish  a  copy  to  each  of 
the    persons    affected;    he    may    make    the 


1036 


report  public  if  he  thinks  it  advisable. 
Finally,  the  Minister  has  power  to  issue 
"whatever  order  he  deems  necessary"  to 
carry  the  recommendations  of  the  commis- 
sion into  effect.  Subject  to  the  right  of 
appeal  to  a  judge  of  the  Court  of  Queen's 
Bench  (one  respect  in  which  the  Mani- 
toba Act  differs  from  that  of  Ontario  or 
the  federal  Act),  a  person  affected  by  such 
an  order  must  comply  with  it. 

In  the  last  resort,  there  is  provision  for 
prosecution  in  the  courts  and  for  the 
imposition  of  a  maximum  fine  of  $100  for 
an  individual  and  $500  for  a  corporation, 
trade  union,  employers'  organization  or 
employment  agency.  In  addition,  an 
employer  convicted  of  having  suspended, 
transferred,  laid  off  or  discharged  an 
employee  in  violation  of  the  Act  may  be 
required  to  reinstate  him  and  to  pay  him 
compensation  for  his  loss  of  employment, 
Discrimination  against  any  person  by  an 
employer  or  trade  union  because  he  has 
made  a  complaint  is  contrary  to  the  Act. 

The  right  of  an  aggrieved  person  to  take 
court  action  regarding  alleged  discrimina- 
tion is  retained  but  he  must  choose  between 
court  proceedings  and  making  a  complaint 
to  the  Department  of  Labour.  He  cannot 
do  both. 

Domestic  servants  in  private  homes  and 
non-profit  educational,  social,  religious  or 
charitable  organizations  do  not  come  under 
the  Act. 

Wages  and  Hours 

Effective  from  May  1,  a  new  Act  in  New 
Brunswick,  the  Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of 
Labour  Act,  sets  standards  of  wages  and 
hours  for  work  on  government  contracts 
such  as  are  set  in  some  of  the  other  prov- 
inces and  in  the  federal  Act  of  the  same 
name. 

A  contractor  who  contracts  with  the 
Provincial  Government  to  construct, 
remodel,  repair  or  demolish  any  work  must 
pay  the  workmen  whom  he  employs  to  do 
the  work  "fair  wages,"  i.e.,  the  current 
wages  paid  to  other  workmen  performing 
the  same  class  of  work  in  the  same  district. 
He  may  not  require  his  employees  to  work 
more  than  eight  hours  in  a  day  or  44  hours 
in  a  week,  except  where  longer  hours  are 
provided  for  by  the  Lieutenant-Governor 
in  Council  or  in  an  emergency  declared  to 
be  such  by  the  Minister  of  Labour.  Except 
for  the  standards  regarding  hours  laid  down 
in  industrial  standards  schedules  for  the 
construction  trades,  this  is  the  first  legal 
limitation  on  working  hours  for  men  in 
New  Brunswick. 


Enforcement  of  the  fair  wage  policy  on 
government  contracts  comes  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Minister  of  Labour.  A 
Government  department  or  Crown  corpor- 
ation contemplating  the  letting  of  a  con- 
tract must  report  to  the  Minister  the 
nature  of  the  work  and  the  classes  of 
employees  likely  to  be  employed.  It  is  the 
Minister's  responsibility  to  prepare  fair 
wage  schedules  to  be  posted  and  observed 
by  the  contractor  (where  the  same  class  of 
work  is  not  being  carried  on  in  the  district, 
the  Minister  may  prepare  minimum  wage 
schedules). 

Before  the  contractor  is  paid  in  full,  the 
Minister  must  be  satisfied  that  wages  and 
hours  have  been  in  accordance  with  the  Act 
and  that  every  worker  has  been  paid  his 
full  wages.  As  security  for  the  payment 
of  the  proper  wages,  the  Minister  may 
direct  that  a  percentage  of  the  money 
owing  the  contractor  be  withheld.  This 
sum  may  be  drawn  on,  at  the  Minister's 
direction,  when  a  contractor  is  in  default. 

Changes  as  regards  minimum  wages  were 
made  in  British  Columbia  and  Saskat- 
chewan. In  British  Columbia,  a  new  pro- 
vision was  added  to  both  the  Male  and 
Female  Minimum  Wage  Acts  which  enables 
the  Board  of  Industrial  Relations  to  fix  an 
overtime  rate  payable  after  a  lesser 
number  of  weekly  hours  than  44.  Hereto- 
fore, the  Acts  provided  only  for  the 
setting  of  an  overtime  rate  after  44  hours, 
i.e.,  in  cases  when  the  Board,  under  the 
Hours  of  Work  Act,  allowed  longer  hours 
than  44  (the  weekly  limit  set  by  the  Act) 
to  be  worked. 

The  amendments  were  made  to  enable 
the  Board  to  establish  uniform  overtime 
conditions  on  large  construction  projects 
where  some  employees  working  under  a 
collective  agreement  might  be  paid  over- 
time after  40  hours,  while  others  working 
for  another  employer  and  not  covered  by 
an  agreement  might  be  paid  overtime  after 
44  hours,  as  fixed  by  a  minimum  wage  order 
of  the  Board. 

The  Saskatchewan  Minimum  Wage  Act 
was  amended  to  provide  that  when 
Christmas  or  New  Year's  Day  occurs  on 
Sunday  the  rates  of  pay  fixed  by  the 
Minimum  Wage  Board  for  work  on  the 
holiday  will  apply  to  the  following 
Monday.  The  same  provision  applies  when 
the  Monday  following  Remembrance  Day 
is  declared  a  holiday. 

In  Ontario,  the  Minister  of  Labour  was 
given  discretionary  power  to  permit  the 
employment  of  women  and  young  persons 
in  factories,  shops  and  restaurants  during 
hours  other  than  those  presently  pre- 
scribed  by   the   Factory,   Shop    and    Office 


1037 


Building  Act.  At  present,  girls  and  women 
workers  and  boys  between  14  and  16  years 
may  not  work  after  6.30  p.m.  in  a  factory 
or  after  11  p.m.  in  a  restaurant,  except 
with  a  permit  from  the  inspector.  With 
a  permit  they  may  work  in  a  factory  up  to 
9  p.m.  In  a  restaurant,  if  the  employer 
obtains  a  permit,  women  over  18  years 
may  work  up  to  2  a.m.  Work  until  a  later 
hour  may  now  be  authorized  by  the  Min- 
ister if  he  is  satisfied  that  it  will  not 
adversely  affect  the  worker's  health, 
welfare  and  safety.  The  Minister  may  lay 
down  conditions  under  which  permits  will 
be  granted. 

In  Manitoba,  an  amendment  to  the 
Hours  and  Conditions  of  Work  Act  brought 
under  the  Act  the  Local  Government 
District  of  Snow  Lake,  a  mining  community 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  province.  The 
Act,  which  limits  weekly  hours  to  48  for 
men  and  to  44  for  women  unless  time  and 
one-half  is  paid,  has  applied  since  its  enact- 
ment in  1949  to  the  chief  industrial  areas 
of  the  province — Winnipeg  and  its  environs, 
Brandon,  Portage  la  Prairie,  Flin  Flon  and 
Selkirk. 

A  further  amendment  had  to  do  with  the 
payment  of  overtime  in  the  week  in  which 
Remembrance  Day  occurs.  The  day  is 
observed  as  a  statutory  holiday  in  Mani- 
toba by  virtue  of  the  Remembrance  Day 
Act,  1951.  The  amendment  provided  that 
an  employer  is  not  required  to  pay  time 
and  one-half  the  regular  rate  for  extra  time 
worked  in  the  week  unless  employees  work 
more  than  11  hours  in  a  day  or  more  than 
the  weekly  maximum  fixed  by  the  Act.  This 
provision  does  not  apply  when  November 
11  falls  on  a  Sunday  or  on  another  day  on 
which  an  employee  would  not  normally  be 
at  work. 

In  an  amendment  to  the  Remembrance 
Day  Act,  it  was  stipulated  that  employees 
who  are  required  to  work  on  the  holiday 
are  to  get  time  off  with  regular  pay  within 
30  days  only  when, they  are  paid  at  their 
regular  rate  for  working  on  the  holiday. 

Safety  Legislation 

Safety  laws  enacted  this  year  dealt  with 
several  different  fields,  including  the  in- 
spection of  elevators  and  other  lifting 
devices,  the  inspection  and  licensing  of  gas 
installations,  the  operation  and  inspection 
of  boilers  and  pressure  vessels  and  the 
certification  of  operating  engineers. 

In  Ontario,  a  new  Act  was  passed  pro- 
viding for  provincial  control  over  the 
licensing  and  regulating  of  passenger  and 
freight  elevators  and  other  types  of  lifts. 
At  the  present  time  the  Municipal  Act 
authorizes    cities,    towns    and    villages    to 


license  and  regulate  passenger  and  freight 
elevators  but,  apart  from  the  City  of 
Toronto,  this  power  is  being  used  only  in 
a  few  municipalities.  The  new  Elevators 
and  Lifts  Act,  when  proclaimed  in  force, 
will  require  every  elevator  and  lift  to  be 
inspected  annually  by  an  inspector  who 
holds  a  certificate  of  competency.  The 
CSA  Safety  Code  for  Passenger  and  Freight 
Elevators  is  to  be  used  as  a  standard  by 
inspectors  in  carrying  out  their  duties.  It 
is  proposed,  however,  to  exempt  from  the 
Act  by  regulations  passenger  elevators  in 
Toronto  and  freight  elevators  in  muni- 
cipally-owned buildings  in  Toronto.  A  new 
branch  will  be  established  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  Labour  for  the  administration  of 
the  Act,  under  the  direction  of  a  chief 
inspector. 

Because  of  the  growing  number  of  power 
and  gas  installations  in  Saskatchewan,  a 
new  Act  entitled  The  Gas  Inspection  and 
Licensing  Act  was  passed.  It  also  will  be 
proclaimed  in  effect.  This  Act  will  forbid 
a  person  to  manufacture,  sell  or  use  any 
gas  equipment  unless  it  has  been  approved. 
All  gas  installations  and  gas  equipment  for 
consumers  must  be  inspected  and  must 
conform  to  the  regulations  which  are  to 
be  issued  under  the  Act. 

Before  a  contractor  begins  a  gas  instal- 
lation, he  must  notify  the  Department  of 
Labour  and  obtain  a  permit  authorizing 
the  work  and,  at  the  request  of  the  Depart- 
ment, must  submit  his  plans  and  specifica- 
tions for  approval.  Further,  a  person  who 
installs  gas  equipment,  works  as  a  gas- 
fitter  or  engages  in  the  business  of  a 
supply  house  must  hold  the  proper  licence 
under  the  Act. 

A  new  Boilers  and  Pressure  Vessels  Act 
passed  in  Ontario  in  1951  was  proclaimed 
on  March  27,  1953,  putting  into  effect 
standards  in  line  with  technical  advances 
and  with  the  most  up-to-date  legislation 
in  the  field.  A  few  minor  amendments 
were  made  to  the  Act  at  the  1953  session, 
making  the  Act  applicable  to  the  fittings 
attached  to  or  used  in  connection  with 
boilers  and  pressure  vessels  and  providing 
for  stricter  supervision  of  welders'  quali- 
fications. 

The  Newfoundland  Boiler  and  Pressure 
Vessel  Act  enacted  in  1949  was  amended 
to  extend  its  coverage  to  hoisting  plants 
and  traction  plants.  Boilers,  pressure 
vessels,  steam  plants,  compressed  gas 
plants  and  refrigeration  plants  were  already 
covered.  Another  amendment  provided 
that,  when  a  boiler  or  pressure  vessel  of 
a  registered  design  has  been  inspected 
during  its  construction  outside  Newfound- 
land,  and   this  fact  is   attested   to   in    the 


1038 


affidavit  of  the  manufacturer,  the  chief 
inspector  may,  upon  payment  of  the 
required  inspection  fee,  issue  a  certificate 
authorizing  its  operation  without  further 
inspection.  The  certificate  permits  the 
boiler  to  be  operated  until  its  annual 
inspection  under  the  Act. 

In  Alberta,  the  administration  of  the 
Boilers  Act  was  transferred  from  the 
Department  of  Public  Works  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  Industries  and  Labour. 

In  Ontario,  as  in  some  other  provinces, 
provision  for  the  examination  and  certifi- 
cation of  stationary  enginemen  and  firemen 
is  contained  in  a  separate  Act.  This  Act 
was  completely  revised  at  the  1953  session. 
The  new  Operating  Engineers  Act  will  be 
proclaimed  in  force  at  a  later  date. 

By  an  amendment  to  the  Engine  Oper- 
ators Act  of  Nova  Scotia,  it  was  provided 
that  after  December  31,  1953,  the  practice 
of  granting  a  certificate  of  qualification  to 
an  engine  operator  on  the  basis  of  experi- 
ence is  to  be  discontinued.  Hereafter, 
certificates  will  be  granted  by  the  Engine 
Operators  Board  by  examination  only. 

A  new  departure  in  Ontario  is  that,  by 
an  amendment  to  the  Factory,  Shop  and 
Office  Building  Act,  the  Department  of 
Labour  was  authorized  to  collect  fees  for 
its  work  in  examining  and  approving  the 
drawings  and  plans  which  are  required  to 
be  submitted  to  it  before  the  construction 
of  a  building  to  be  used  as  a  factory  or 
of  one  more  than  two  storeys  in  height 
intended  for  use  as  a  shop,  bakeshop, 
restaurant  or  office  building  may  be 
commenced. 

Social  Legislation 

Two  provinces  enacted  legislation  to 
provide  aid  to  disabled  persons,  Alberta  by 
means  of  a  pension  and  Saskatchewan  by 
the  provision  of  rehabilitation  services. 

The  Alberta  Disabled  Persons'  Pensions 
Act,  like  the  one  passed  in  Ontario  last 
year,  provides  for  a  pension  of  up  to  $40 
a  month,  subject  to  a  means  test,  for  a 
person  suffering  from  a  chronic  disability 
which  makes  him  unfit  for  gainful  employ- 
ment. To  be  eligible  for  the  allowance 
the  person  must  be  at  least  21  years  old, 
a  resident  of  Alberta  for  10  years  and  not 
in  receipt  of  benefits  under  any  other 
pension    legislation.      The    Act    went    into 


effect  on  June  .  1.  The  Ontario  Act  is 
similar  except  that  the  pension  may  be 
given  at  the  age  of  18. 

The  Saskatchewan  legislation,  the  Reha- 
bilitation Act,  is  of  a  different  type,  in 
that  it  is  designed  to  provide  rehabilitation 
services  for  disabled  persons  so  that  they 
may  develop  broader  and  more  remunera- 
tive skills.  Both  physical  and  vocational 
rehabilitation  are  provided  for.  The 
Minister  of  Social  Welfare  and  Rehabilita- 
tion may  furnish  disabled  persons  with 
medical  care,  nursing  and  hospital  services, 
drugs  and  prosthetic  appliances  and,  as 
regards  vocational  rehabilitation,  with 
occupational  guidance  and  training,  main- 
tenance, tools  and  equipment.  In  addition, 
he  is  authorized,  with  the  approval  of  the 
Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council,  to  operate 
a  rehabilitation  school  and  to  make  grants 
to  any  organization  for  the  rehabilitation 
of  the  disabled.  Provision  is  also  made 
for  an  agreement  between  the  province  and 
the  Federal  Government,  another  province, 
or  a  municipality  for  the  purpose  of  pro- 
viding rehabilitation  services  for  the 
handicapped. 

Alberta  also  enacted  a  measure,  the 
Hospitalization  and  Treatment  Services 
Act,  providing  for  payment  from  provincial 
funds  of  all  or  part  of  the  cost  of  hospital 
and  medical  benefits  for  certain  needy 
persons.  Those  eligible  include  recipients 
of  old  age  assistance,  mothers'  allowances, 
supplementary  allowances  and  widows' 
pensions,  persons  receiving  federal  old  age 
security  benefits  (subject  to  a  means  test 
and  provided  they  have  lived  in  Alberta 
for  three  years),  persons  afflicted  with 
cerebral  palsy  and  persons  under  25  years 
of  age  suffering  from  rheumatoid  arthritis. 

Changes  were  made,  too,  in  the  Mothers' 
Allowances  Acts  of  Nova  Scotia  and  Prince 
Edward  Island.  These  permit  an  allow- 
ance for  the  care  of  a  dependent  child  to 
be  continued  in  Nova  Scotia  from  the  age 
of  16  to  the  age  of  18  while  the  child  is 
attending  high  school,  and  in  Prince 
Edward  Island  authorize  an  allowance  to 
be  paid,  on  the  recommendation  of  the 
Director,  in  special  circumstances  where  a 
mother  is  not  strictly  eligible  for  assistance 
under  the  Act.  Provision  was  also  made 
in  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Act  for  pay- 
ment to  a  mother  whose  husband  is 
imprisoned  for  a  year  or  more. 


Sixty-four  thousand  disabled  men  and  women  were  restored  to  useful  employment 
during  1952,  according  to  statistics  recently  released  by  the  American  Federation  of  the 
Physically  Handicapped,  sponsors  of  the  "National  Employ  the  Physically  Handicapped 
Week". 


1039 


Labour  Legislation  Enacted  in  1953 

in  British  Columbia  and  Quebec 

Power  to  fix  overtime  rates  enlarged  by  change  in  B.C.  Minimum  Wage 
Acts.    Que.   Act  seeks  to  bar  court  review  of  labour  board  decisions 


BRITISH  COLUMBIA 

The  only  labour  enactment  passed  at 
the  1953  session  of  the  British  Columbia 
Legislature,  which  sat  from  February  3 
until  March  27,  was  an  amendment  to  the 
Minimum  Wage  Acts.  A  number  of  labour 
Bills  introduced  by  private  members  failed 
to  pass. 

Minimum  Wages 

A  new  provision  added  to  both  the  Male 
and  Female  Minimum  Wage  Acts  enlarges 
the  power  of  the  Board  of  Industrial  Rela- 
tions to  fix  overtime  rates. 

The  Act  authorizes  the  Board  of  Indus- 
trial Relations  to  fix  a  minimum  rate  for 
overtime  worked  where,  under  powers  con- 
ferred by  any  other  Act,  the  Board  has 
authorized  longer  hours  than  those  per- 
mitted by  statute.  This  provision  has 
meant  that  the  Board  could  fix  an  over- 
time rate  payable  after  44  hours  had  been 
worked  in  a  week,  the  limit  fixed  by  the 
Hours  of  Work  Act,  but  not  after  fewer 
than  44  hours.  The  1953  amendment  will 
enable  the  Board  to  fix  an  overtime  rate 
payable  after  a  lesser  number  of  weekly 
hours  than  44. 

Uniform  working  conditions  may  there- 
fore now  be  established  on  large  construc- 
tion projects  where  some  workers  are 
covered  by  a  collective  agreement  and 
others  are  paid  overtime  in  accordance 
with  the  requirements  of  a  minimum  wage 
order. 

A  further  amendment  permits  the  Board, 
after  an  inquiry  has  been  made,  to  exempt 
by  regulation  employers  or  workers  from 
any  provision  of  the  Act  either  for  the 
whole  year  or  for  a  season.  This  provi- 
sion would  enable  the  Board  to  exempt 
such  employees  as  travelling  salesmen,  for 
whom  the  keeping  of  records  of  wages  and 
hours  is  not  practicable. 

Bills  not  Passed 

Five  Private  Member's  Bills  were  intro- 
duced during  the  session.  Three  of  these 
were  a  Fair  Employment  Practices  Bill,  an 
Equal  Pay  Bill  and  a  Bill  of  Rights.    Two 


others  sought  to  make  significant  amend- 
ments in  the  Industrial  Conciliation  and 
Arbitration  Act  and  the  Annual  Holidays 
Act.  None  of  the  Bills  went  beyond  first 
reading. 

Fair  Employment  Practices 

The  Fair  Employment  Practices  Bill 
sought  to  prohibit  discrimination  in 
employment  because  of  race,  creed,  colour, 
nationality,  ancestry  or  place  of  origin,  and 
to  forbid  trade  unions  to  expel  from 
membership,  suspend -or  otherwise  discrim- 
inate against  any  persons  for  these  reasons. 
It  would  also  ban  expressions  of  discrim- 
ination in  application  forms  or  advertise- 
ments in  connection  with  employment. 

It  would  not  apply  to  employers  of 
fewer  than  four  persons,  to  domestic 
servants  in  private  homes,  or  to  religious, 
philanthropic,  educational,  fraternal  or 
social  organizations  not  operated  for 
private  profit. 

A  Fair  Employment  Practices  Board, 
consisting  of  a  Chairman  and  four  mem- 
bers appointed  by  the  Lieutenant-Governor 
in  Council,  was  to  be  set  up  to  receive  and 
decide  complaints  of  discrimination,  and 
the  necessary  staff  appointed  to  assist  the 
Board. 

Each  complaint  received  would  be 
allotted  by  the  Chairman  to  a  member 
of  the  Board  for  investigation.  If  the 
member  found  that  "probable  cause" 
exists,  it  would  be  his  duty  to  try  to 
settle  the  complaint  by  "conference,  con- 
ciliation and  persuasion".  At  this  stage 
the  proceedings  would  be  entirely  confi- 
dential. If  he  failed  to  eliminate  the 
practice,  he  would  report  to  the  Chairman, 
who  would  then  appoint  three  members  of 
the  Board  as  a  hearing  tribunal.  The 
tribunal  would  be  empowered  to  hold 
hearings,  subpoena  witnesses,  require 
attendance,  administer  oaths,  take  the 
testimony  of  any  person  under  oath,  and 
require  the  production  of  documents.  The 
tribunal  would  be  required  to  state  its 
findings  of  fact;  if  no  discriminatory 
practice  was  found  to  exist,  it  would  issue 
and  file  an  order  dismissing  the  complaint; 
or  if  it  made  a  finding  of  discriminatory 


1040 


practice,  it  would  issue  such  order  "as  it 
may  deem  just".  The  order  could  require 
reinstatement  with  or  without  compensa- 
tion and  could  impose  penalties  of  up  to 
$100  for  an  individual  or  up  to  $500  for  a 
corporation,  trade  union,  or  employment 
agency.  Orders  of  the  tribunal  would  be 
served  on  all  the  parties  concerned  and 
would  be  enforceable  in  the  same  manner  as 
a  judgment  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
British  Columbia  is  enforced. 

The  Board  would  also  have  authority 
to  create  advisory  agencies  to  study 
problems  of  discrimination  and  to  assist 
in  a  program  of  formal  and  informal 
education. 

This  Bill  is  more  like  the  Acts  in  effect 
in  a  number  of  the  American  States  than 
the  Fair  Employment  Practices  Act  of 
Ontario  (or  the  Acts  passed  by  Parlia- 
ment and  the  Manitoba  Legislature  at  the 
1953  sessions)  in  that  it  would  provide  for 
administration  by  a  Commission  rather  than 
by  a  branch  of  the  Department  of  Labour; 
but  the'  prohibition  of  discrimination  in 
respect  to  employment  is  essentially  the 
same,  as  is  the  general  method  of  enforce- 
ment (i.e.  investigation,  conciliation  and, 
if  these  fail,  a  hearing  which  may  be 
followed  by  an  enforceable  order). 

Equal  Pay  for   Equal  Work 

The  Equal  Pay  Bill  would  have  pro- 
hibited an  employer  from  paying  a  female 
employee  at  a  lower  rate  than  a  male 
employee  employed  by  him  for  work  of 
comparable  character  in  the  same  estab- 
lishment. The  Board  of  Industrial  Rela- 
tions, which  administers  the  minimum  wage 
and  hours  of  work  legislation  in  the 
province,  was  designated  to  receive  and 
investigate  complaints.  Failure  to  comply 
with  the  equal  pay  provision  would  con- 
stitute an  offence,  punishable  on  summary 
conviction  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  $100. 
This  Bill  differs  from  the  equal  pay  legis- 
lation in  Ontario  and  Saskatchewan  in  that 
it  would  not  have  dealt  with  complaints 
by  means  of  conciliation  procedure  and 
inquiry  commissions. 

Civil  Rights 

A  Bill  entitled  "An  Act  to  protect 
certain  Civil  Rights"  was  the  same  as  Bills 
introduced  during  the  previous  two  sessions 
and  similar  to  the  Saskatchewan  Bill  of 
Rights  Act  passed  in  1947.  It  would  have 
enacted  a  Bill  of  Rights  declaring  the  right 
of  all  persons  to  the  fundamental  freedoms, 
limiting  the  life  of  the  Legislative  Assembly 
to  five  years,  forbidding  discrimination  on 
the  grounds  of  race,  creed,  religion,  colour 
or  national  origin  with  respect  to  employ- 
ment,  the    conduct    of   any   occupation   or 


business,  the  purchase  or  rental  of  prop- 
erty, access  to  public  places,  membership 
in  a  trade  union  or  other  occupational 
organization;  and  would  have  prohibited 
the  publication  of  material  likely  to  foster 
discrimination.  Any  person  who  deprived 
another  of  these  rights  could  be  restrained 
by  an  injunction  issued  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  British  Columbia. 

Industrial   Relations 

Extensive  amendments  were  proposed  to 
the  Industrial  Conciliation  and  Arbitration 
Act,  largely  based  on  the  recommendations 
of  the  Inquiry  Board  set  up  in  1950  to 
investigate  the  Act,  several  following  the 
minority  report  of  A.  J.  Turner  (L.G., 
May  1952,  p.  563). 

The  section  of  the  Act  which  now 
declares  the  right  of  every  employee  to 
be  a  member  of  a  trade  union  or  employees' 
organization  in  which  he  is  eligible  for 
membership  and  to  participate  in  its 
lawful  activities  would  have  been  changed 
to  read  as  follows: — 

Every  employee  shall  have  the  right  to 
apply  for  membership  in  a  union  of  his 
choice,  and,  if  accepted  in  membership  by 
that  union,  shall  then  have  the  right  to 
participate  in  the  lawful  activities  thereof. 

An  amendment  of  similar  purpose  with 
respect  to  certification  sought  to  remove 
from  the  Board  the  responsibility  of 
determining  whether  or  not  the  majority 
of  the  employees  in  a  unit  are  members 
in  good  standing  of  the  trade  union 
applying  for  certification.  Under  the  pro- 
posed amendment  the  Board's  responsi- 
bility would  be  limited  to  determining 
whether  a  majority  "have  made  applica- 
tion to  join  the  labour  organization  and 
have  been  accepted  by  the  labour  organiza- 
tion as  members  in  good  standing". 

Another  amendment  would  have  repealed 
the  provision  for  government  supervision 
of  the  strike  vote.  Further,  it  provided 
that  a  strike  vote  should  be  taken  among 
the  union  members  in  the  unit  affected 
rather  than  among  all  the  employees  in 
the  unit. 

The  Bill  would  also  have  deleted  Sec- 
tion 62,  which  provides  that,  if  employees 
have  gone  on  strike  contrary  to  any  of 
the  provisions  of  the  Act,  the  Board  may 
cancel  the  certification  of  the  bargaining 
authority  for  these  employees. 

It  would  also  have  removed  the  provision 
which  permits  the  Board,  where  employees 
are  on  strike  or  locked  out,  to  direct  that 
an  offer  of  settlement  be  submitted  to  a 
vote  supervised  by  the  Board. 


1041 


It  was  proposed  to  replace  the  section 
permitting  union  security  clauses  in  collec- 
tive agreements  by  a  new  section  similar 
to  the  one  in  the  Saskatchewan  Trade 
Union  Act.  This  requires  an  employer,  at 
the  request  of  a  trade  union  repre- 
senting the  majority  of  employees  in  any 
appropriate  bargaining  unit,  to  include  a 
maintenance  of  membership  clause  in  a 
collective  agreement. 

A  further  amendment  would  have  per- 
mitted the  Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council 
to  make  regulations  to  allow  the  province 
to  co-operate  with  the  Dominion  or  with 
other  provinces  in  dealing  with  labour 
relations  in  the  railway  hotel  industry  as 
well  as  in  meat  packing  and  coal  mining 
as  at  present. 

Under  another  new  provision,  the  Board 
would  have  been  required  to  issue  all 
decisions  and  rulings  in  writing  and,  if 
requested  by  a  party  affected  by  the 
decision,  to  furnish  reasons  for  decision. 
Before  making  regulations,  the  Board  would 
have  been  required  to  consult  all  interested 
parties.  Also  all  regulations  were  to  be 
gazetted. 

Holidays  with  Pay 

A  proposed  amendment  to  the  Annual 
Holidays  Act  provided  for  an  annual  holi- 
day with  pay  of  two  weeks  after  one  year 
of  employment  instead  of  one  week  as  at 
present,  and  accordingly  would  have  in- 
creased from  two  to  four  per  cent  of  annual 
earnings  the  holiday  pay  to  which  a  worker 
is  entitled. 

QUEBEC 

At  the  1953  session  of  the  Quebec 
Legislature,  which  opened  November  12 
and  prorogued  February  26,  "An  Act  to 
eliminate  delays  in  the  settlement  of 
disputes  between  employees  and  employers" 
was  passed  to  ensure  that  decisions  of  the 
Labour  Relations  Board  and  councils  of 
arbitration  are  not  subject  to  review  by 
the  courts.  Aside  from  this,  labour  Acts 
were  not  amended. 

The  Superior  Council  of  Labour  has  in 
progress  a  study  of  the  laws  pertaining  to 
labour  relations  with  a  view  to  recom- 
mending a  "labour  code"  to  replace  the 
several  laws  now  in  effect.  Other  Acts 
passed  dealt  with  time  off  to  vote  at 
municipal  elections,  housing  and  rent 
control. 

Review  by  Courts  Prohibited 

The  sections  of  the  Labour  Relations  Act, 
the  Trade  Disputes  Act  and  the  municipal 
and    school    corporations    Act    which    pro- 


vided that  decisions  of  the  Labour  Rela- 
tions Board  and  of  conciliation  boards  are 
not  subject  to  appeal  to  the  courts  were 
replaced  so  as  to  state  more  definitely  that 
such  decisions  and  the  procedures  of  these 
bodies  are  not  subject  to  control  by  the 
courts. 

The  revised  sections  specifically  state 
that  the  decisions  of  the  Board  are  without 
appeal  and  cannot  be  revised  by  the 
courts.  They  also  expressly  prohibit  the 
issuing  of  the  prerogative  writs  of  quo 
warranto,  mandamus,  certiorari,  prohibition 
or  injunction  against  the  Labour  Relations 
Board  or  against  a  council  of  arbitration 
or  against  any  of  their  members  acting  in 
their  official  capacity. 

Article  50  of  the  Code  of  Civil  Pro- 
cedure is  declared  not  to  apply  to  the 
Labour  Relations  Board  and  to  councils  of 
arbitration,  including  those  established 
under  the  Act  respecting  Municipal  and 
School  Corporations  and  their  Employees 
or  any  members  of  the  Board  or  councils 
acting  in  their  official  capacity. 

Article  50  states  that,  excepting  the 
Court  of  Queen's  Bench  ,  "all  courts, 
circuit  judges  and  magistrates,  and  all  other 
persons  and  bodies  politic  and  corporate 
within  the  province,  are  subject  to  the 
superintending  and  reforming  power,  order 
and  control  of  the  Superior  Court  and  of 
the  judges  thereof". 

Time  Off  to  Vote 

One  of  two  amendments  to  the  Cities 
and  Towns  Act  of  interest  to  labour 
requires  employers  on  the  day  of  a  city 
or  town  election  to  grant  their  employees 
who  are  eligible  to  vote  at  least  two  hours 
off  work  with  pay  in  addition  to  the  lunch 
period.  Employees  of  railway  companies 
are  covered  by  this  section  except  those 
engaged  in  the  actual  operation  of  trains 
who  cannot  be  given  time  off  without 
impairing  the  service. 

Previously,  the  Act  merely  required 
employers  to  grant  any  of  their  employees 
who  were  electors  a  reasonable  time  to 
vote. 

A  penalty  of  S100  may  be  imposed  on 
summary  conviction  on  an  employer  who 
contravenes  this  section. 

Hospitalization  Premiums 

A  further  amendment  to  the  Cities  and 
Towns  Act  authorizes  a  city  or  town 
council  to  pass  a  by-law  providing  for  the 
payment,  out  of  the  general  funds  of  the 
municipality,  of  premiums  for  a  group 
insurance  plan  to  provide  medical,  surgical, 
or    hospital    services    for    the    officers    and 


1042 


employees  of  the  corporation.  The  Act 
already  provided  for  by-laws  to  be  passed 
authorizing  the  payment  out  of  municipal 
funds  of  premiums  for  a  group  insurance 
plan  providing  for  life  insurance  for 
municipal  employees,  and  contributions  to 
a  pension  fund. 

Licensing  of  Chauffeurs  and  Motor  Mechanics 

An  amendment  to  the  Motor  Vehicles 
Act,  which  will  come  into  force  on 
proclamation,  replaces  the  section  of  the 
Act  under  which  licences  are  now  issued 
to  chauffeurs  and  motor  vehicle  mechanics 
by  the  technical  schools.  The  new  provi- 
sion authorizes  the  Lieutenant-Governor  in 
Council  to  prescribe  arrangements  for 
holding  examinations  for  chauffeurs  and 
automobile  mechanics,  as  well  as  for  drivers 
generally,  the  subject  matter  of  the  exam- 
ination, the  fees  payable  and  the  form  of 
the  certificates  of  competency  issued  to 
successful  candidates.  The  Minister  of 
Roads  is  to  appoint  the  examining  boards. 

Housing 

Further  amendments  were  made  to  two 
of  the  Acts  passed  in  1948  to  improve 
housing  conditions  in  the  province.  The 
powers   granted   to    municipal    corporations 


to  enable  them  to  contribute  to  the 
solution  of  the  housing  shortage  were 
extended  from  February  1,  1954,  to  June  1, 
1955.  The  powers  granted  by  the  1948  Act 
include  authority  to'  cede  land  at  $1  per 
unit  to  co-operative  building  societies  or 
individuals  and  to  reduce  the  valuation  of 
any  new  dwelling  for  taxation  purposes  to 
50  per  cent  of  its  real  value  for  a  period 
of  30  years. 

A  further  sum  of  $10,000,000  was  added 
to  the  amount  which  the  Government  is 
authorized  to  appropriate  for  the  purpose 
of  bearing  interest  charges  in  excess  of  two 
per  cent  on  loans  made  by  credit  unions  or 
loan  companies  to  individuals,  syndicates 
or  co-operative  building  societies  for  the 
construction  of  homes.  This  increase  brings 
the  total  amount  which  has  been  author- 
ized to  date  for  this  purpose  to  $40,000,000. 

Rent  Control 

The  Act  to  promote  conciliation  between 
lessees  and  property  holders  under  which 
the  Provincial  Government  took  over  rent 
control  when  the  Federal  Government 
evacuated  the  field  was  extended,  with 
amendments,  to  April  30,  1954.  The  Act 
was  to  have  expired  on  May  1,  1953  (L.G., 
1951,  p.  703). 


Legal  Decisions  Affecting  Labour 


Two  lower  courts  rule  on  wages  and  hours  standards  on  Quebec  bridge 
building  project  and  compensation  to  injured  Saskatchewan  trainman 


Court  ot  the  Sessions  of  the  Peace,  Terrebonne. . . 

.  .  .  finds  that  fair   wage    schedule,   not  Collective 
Agreement  Act  decree,   applies  to  bridge   builder 

In  a  case  tried  before  a  judge  of  the 
Sessions  of  the  Peace  for  the  District  of 
Terrebonne  it  was  held  that  the  decree  for 
the  construction  industry  was  not  appli- 
cable to  the  building  of  a  bridge. 

The  parity  committee  for  the  construc- 
tion industry  of  Terrebonne  and  Labelle 
charged  the  contractor  with  not  having 
filed  certain  monthly  reports,  and  with 
having  failed  to  pay  the  levy,  in  violation 
of  the  Collective  Agreement  Act  and  orders 
under  it. 

The  contractor,  who  was  constructing  a 
bridge  over  the  North  River  and  the 
approaches    to    it    under    contract    to    the 


provincial  Department  of  Public  Works, 
claimed  that  he  was  not  subject  to  the 
decree  under  the  Collective  Agreement  Act 
for  the  construction  industry  in  the  area 
but  to  the  fair  wage  schedule  under  Order 
in  Council  800  of  April  24,  1929.  He 
claimed  that  he  was  excluded  from  the 
decree,  although  the  construction  of  bridges 
is  listed  in  its  industrial  jurisdiction,  since 
"road  work"  carried  out  under  contract  to 
a  department  of  the  provincial  Government 
is  excluded. 

The  question  to  be  decided  was  whether 
the  building  of  the  bridge  was  "road  work". 

In  the  present  case,  Judge  Lafontaine 
considered  it  would  be  difficult  to  imagine 
a  finished  road  without  the  construction  of 
the  bridge.  To  complete  the  road  a  bridge 
had  to  be  built,  and  it  formed  an  integral 
part  of  the  road  which  extended  across  the 
North  River. 


1043 


When  the  interpretation  of  the  strict 
letter  of  the  law  leads  to  an  absurdity,  it 
is  the  rule  that  the  intention  of  the  legis- 
lature may  be  consulted.  He  found  that 
the  Roads  Act,  in  a  section  setting  out  the 
duties  of  the  Minister  of  Roads,  speaks  of 
"embankments,  bridges,  drains,  guard  walls. 
and  other  road  work"  forming  part  of  a 
highway.  From  this  and  a  similar  section 
in  the  Public  Works  Department  Act  he 
concluded  that  the  Legislature  intended 
"road  work"  to  include  the  construction 
and  maintenance  of  bridges.  He  therefore 
dismissed  the  charge,  with  costs.  Le  comite 
Paritaire  des  Metiers  de  la  construction 
(Terrebonne  et  Labelle)  v.  Champoux, 
Rapports  Judiciaires  de  Quebec,  [19531 
CS  Montreal,  Nos.  3  and  4,  130. 

District  Court,  Saskatoon. . . 

.   .  .  holds    it    lacks     jurisdiction     to     set     aside     a 
settlement    between  injured   trainman  and   railway 

In  an  action  in  the  District  Court  at 
Saskatoon,  a  workman  injured  in  the 
course  of  his  duties  as  a  trainman  for 
the  Canadian  National  Railways  sought 
an  order  setting  aside  the  settlement  to 
which  he  had  agreed  and  claimed  com- 
pensation under  the  Workmen's  Compensa- 
tion Act.  This  is  the  individual  liability 
statute  applicable  to  certain  groups  of 
railway  employees,  not  the  Workmen's 
Compensation  (Accident  Fund)  Act  similar 
to  the  collective  liability  statutes  in  other 
provinces. 

The  Court  held  that  it  lacked  jurisdic- 
tion to  set  aside  the  settlement. 

Judge  Smith  of  the  District  Court  in 
his  reasons  for  decision  set  out  the  facts 
of  the  case.  On  July  31,  1950,  the  train- 
man was  injured  in  the  course  of  his 
duties.  After  receiving  medical  treatment 
he  returned  to  work  but  was  unable  to 
carry  out  his  duties.  In  October  1950,  he 
consulted  the  company's  clinic  in  Winnipeg 
and   was   informed   there   that   he   had   no 


physical  disability.  He  returned  to  work 
on  October  22.  On  November  9  he  signed 
a  release  in  writing  in  settlement  of  his 
claim  against  the  company  arising  out  of 
the  accident,  including  any  claim  to  com- 
pensation. The  company  agreed  to  assume 
payment  of  reasonable  medical  expenses 
incurred  up  to  that  date.  He  worked  until 
December  23,  when  he  consulted  a 
Saskatoon  doctor  who  advised  him  that  he 
was  suffering  from  a  definite  fracture  of 
the  pedicle  of  the  spine. 

Before  the  District  Court,  the  trainman 
alleged  that  the  settlement  was  based  on  a 
fundamental  mistake  of  both  parties,  and 
that  the  mistake  was  induced  by  the 
company's  medical  clinic,  which  had 
honestly  but  falsely  represented  to  him 
that  there  was  nothing  seriously  the 
matter  with  him.  He  further  alleged  that 
he  had  been  unable  to  work  since 
December  23,  1950,  and  he  claimed  $3,000 
(the  maximum  compensation  then  pro- 
vided for  in  the  statute),  less  the  amount 
paid  by  the  company  under  the  settle- 
ment for  medical  expenses. 

Judge  Smith  stated  that  the  district 
court  is  purely  a  statutory  court,  that  is, 
it  possesses  only  such  jurisdiction  as  has 
been  conferred  on  it  by  statute.  He 
examined  the  sections  of  the  Workmen's 
Compensation  Act  delegating  jurisdiction  to 
the  district  court.  It  is  expressly  stated 
that  compensation  may  be  recovered  by 
action  in  the  district  court,  but  he  could 
not  find  that  jurisdiction  had  been  dele- 
gated to  the  court  to  set  aside  an  agree- 
ment of  settlement  between  an  empk>3rer 
and  a  workman. 

For  these  reasons  he  stayed  the  pro- 
ceedings under  Section  34  of  the  District 
Courts  Act.  When  proceedings  are  stayed 
under  this  section  for  lack  of  jurisdiction, 
the  records  are  transferred  to  the  Court 
of  Queen's  Bench.  Hurman  v.  Canadian 
National  Railways,  [19531  8  WWR  (NS) 
509. 


Collective  Agreements 

(Continued  from  page  1032) 

Plumbers  and  Roofers,  Trois  Rivieres. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  April  30  and 
gazetted  May  9,  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
May  1948,  p.  488,  June  1950,  p.  876;  April 
1951,  p.  546;  May  1952,  p.  611). 

Overtime:  double  time  for  work  on  any  of 
9  specified  holidays.  (Previously  time  and 
one-half  with  double  time  for  Sunday  work 
only.) 


Vacation  with  pay:  as  previously, 
employees  are  entitled,  each  year,  to  one 
week's  vacation  with  pay  equal  to  2  per 
cent  of  earnings.  Vacation  to  be  taken  at 
a  date  set  by  the  employer  between  June  10 
and  September  10.  However,  this  amend- 
ment now  provides  that  the  week  of  vaca- 
tion with  pay  may  be  taken  at  any  time  of 
the  year,  at  the  employee's  request. 


1044 


40th  Annual  Convention  of  Association  of 

International  Government  Labour  Officials 


Discussion  of  such  topics  as  industrial 
health  and  safety,  the  role  of  the  states 
and  the  provinces  in  settling  labour  dis- 
putes, legislation  affecting  women  and 
children  and  the  training  of  factory  in- 
spectors highlighted  the  40th  annual 
convention  of  the  International  Association 
of  Governmental  Labour  Officials,  at 
Providence,  Rhode  Island,  May  25  to  27. 
Delegates  from  United  States  federal  and 
state  governments,  from  the  Canadian 
provincial  and  federal  governments  and 
from  Alaska  and  Puerto  Rico  attended. 

During  the  conference  session  devoted  to 
industrial  health  and  safety,  the  delegates 
were  told  that  the  United  States  Bureau 
of  Labor  Standards  renders  assistance  to 
the  states  in  the  field  of  industrial  safety 
and  will,  upon  request,  conduct  courses  and 
set  examinations  for  factory  inspectors. 

Frank  McElroy  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor 
Statistics  reported  the  results  of  a  survey 
of  circular  saw  accidents.  Statistics 
collected  by  state  safety  inspectors  were 
compiled  and  analysed  by  the  Bureau.  The 
survey,  based  upon  1,021  case  records, 
indicated  the  activity  of  the  injured  person 
at  the  time  of  the  accident,  the  broad 
categories  of  accidents  and  the  agencies 
which  inflicted  the  injuries,  the  type  of 
injuries  experienced  and  the  physical  and/or 
mechanical  hazards  which  directly  con- 
tributed to  the  accidents. 

In  the  session  studying  the  role  of  the 
states  and  the  provinces  in  settling  labour 
disputes,  N.  D.  Cochrane,  Deputy  Min- 
ister of  Labour  for  New  Brunswick, 
described  the  measures  for  settling  labour 
disputes    in    Canada.      Mr.    Cochrane    told 


the  session  that  in  1952,  70  per  cent  of 
Canada's  labour  disputes  were  settled 
between  labour  and  management  alone,  19 
per  cent  by  a  single  government  concilia- 
tion officer  and  10  per  cent  by  conciliation 
boards. 

During  the  session  dealing  with  the 
legislation  affecting  women  and  children  in 
industry,  the  Hon.  C.  C.  Williams,  Min- 
ister of  Labour  for  Saskatchewan,  outlined 
the  legislation  in  his  province  as  it  affected 
female  employees.  In  addition,  problems 
dealing  with  equal  pay  legislation  were 
discussed  at  this  session. 

Among  the  Canadian  delegates  to  the 
conference  were:  the  Hon.  C.  C.  Williams, 
Minister  of  Labour  of  Saskatchewan; 
W.  .Elliott  Wilson,  Deputy  Minister  of 
Labour  for  Manitoba;  Miss  Alice 
Buscombe,  Statistician,  Ontario  Department 
of  Labour;  Dr.  Bertrand  Bellemarre,  indus- 
trial hygienist  with  the  Quebec  Depart- 
ment of  Labour;  Cyprien  Miron,  Director, 
Conciliation  and  Arbitration  Service,  Quebec 
Department  of  Labour;  Clovis  Bernier, 
Chief  of  the  Factory  Inspection  Service  of 
the  Quebec  Department  of  Labour;  N.  D. 
Cochrane,  Deputy  Minister  of  the  New 
Brunswick  Department  of  Labour;  and 
Misses  Edith  Lorentsen  and  Evelyn  Best 
of  the  Legislation  Branch,  Federal  Depart- 
ment of  Labour. 

Elected  President  of  the  Association  for 
the  next  year  was  David  Walker,  Pennsyl- 
vania Commissioner  of  Labour.  W.  Elliott 
Wilson,  Manitoba's  Deputy  Minister  of 
Labour,  was  named  Vice-President. 

The  Association's  1954  meeting  will  be 
held  in  Wyoming,  it  was  decided. 


Laws  affecting  labour  were  passed  in  all 
but  one  of  the  15  United  States  Legisla- 
tures meeting  in  regular  session  in  1952: 
14  of  the  states  and  Puerto  Rico.  This 
legislative  action  is  summarized  in  the 
U.S.  Department  of  Labor's  Bureau  of 
Labor  Standards  new  Annual  Digest  of 
State  and  Federal  Labour  Legislation. 

The  bulletin,  No.  163,  also  includes  a 
digest  of  several  Acts  passed  in  the  1951 
sessions  in  Massachusetts  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, which  adjourned  after  the  1951 
Annual  Digest  had  gone  to  press. 


General  increases  in  workmen's  com- 
pensation benefits  were  approved  in  four 
states  and  the  trend  towards  occupational 
disease  coverage  was  continued.  Virginia 
shifted  from  schedule  coverage  to  com- 
pulsory full  coverage  and  Louisiana  covered 
occupational  diseases  for  the  first  time. 

New  Jersey  passed  an  equal-pay  law 
prohibiting  wage  discrimination  because 
of  sex. 

The  publication  may  be  obtained  from 
the  Bureau  of  Labor  Standards,  U.S. 
Department  of  Labor,  Washington,  D.C. 


1045 


Unemployment  Insurance 


Monthly  Report  on  Operation  of 

the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 


Statistics*  for  April,  1953 
were  fewer  than  in  March 

Initial  and  renewal  claims  for  unemploy- 
ment insurance  declined  in  April  but  were 
more  numerous  than  in  the  same  month  in 
1952. 

The  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
monthly  report  on  the  operation  of  the 
Unemployment  Insurance  Act  shows  that 
during  April  117,171  initial  and  renewal 
claims  for  benefit  were  received  in  local 
offices  across  Canada,  compared  with 
179,714  in  March  and  100,951  in  April  1952. 

There  was  a  substantial  decrease  in  the 
volume  of  recorded  unemployment  as 
measured  by  a  count  of  ordinary  claimants 
on  the  live  unemployment  register  the  last 
working  day  of  the  month.  On  April  30, 
ordinary  claimants  recorded  on  the  live 
register  totalled  215,242  (179,024  males  and 
36,218  females),  a  decline  of  some  27  per 
cent  from  the  count  of  294,497  claimants 
(255,256  males  and  39,241  females)  on 
March  31.  On  April  30,  1952,  ordinary 
claimants  numbered  218,055  (173,386  males 
and  44,669  females).  Of  the  remaining 
claimants  whose  registers  were  in  the  active 
file  on  April  30,  there  were  17,341  on  short 
time,  3,200  on  temporary  lay-off  and  4,115 
on  supplementary  benefit  (chiefly  postal 
claimants  in  Newfoundland  and  Quebec). 

Adjudication  officers  disposed  of  a  total 
of  138,879  initial  and  renewal  claims  during 
the  month.  Entitlement  to  benefit  was 
granted  in  90,427  cases,  while  36,305  initial 
claims  were  disallowed  because  of  insuffi- 
ciency of  contributions.  Disqualifications 
were  imposed  in  19,438  cases  (including 
5,757  on  revised  and  1,534  on  supplementary 
benefit  claims).  The  chief  reasons  for 
disqualification  were:  voluntarily  left 
employment  without  just  cause,  5,673  cases; 
not  unemployed,  5,670  cases  (in  62  per  cent 
of  the  "not  unemployed"  cases,  the  dura- 
tion of  the  disqualification  period  was  six 
days  or  less) ;  not  capable  of  and  not 
available  for  work  1,833  cases. 

New  beneficiaries  during  the  month 
totalled  83,659,  compared  with  114,683  in 
March  and  79,424  in  April  1952. 


,  show   claims  for  unemployment   insurance 
but  more  numerous  than  in  April  last  year 


In  a  comparison  of  current  employment 
statistics  with  those  for  a  previous  period, 
consideration  should  be  given  to  relevant 
factors  other  than  numbers,  such  as  the 
opening  and  closing  of  seasonal  indus- 
tries, increase  in  area  population,  influ- 
ence of  weather  conditions,  and  the 
general  employment  situation. 


A  total  of  $16,389,294  was  paid  in  com- 
pensation for  5,225,796  days  of  proven 
unemployment  during  April,  in  comparison 
with  $20,796,825  and  6,613,705  days  in  March 
and  $13,253,537  and  4,911,679  days  during 
April  1952. 

For  the  week  April  25-May  1,  $3,634,010 
was  paid  to  196,315  persons  in  compensa- 
tion for  1,159,164  days,  compared  with 
$3,635,074  paid  to  211,442  persons  in  com- 
pensation for  1,155,540  days  during  the  week 
March  28-April  3.  During  the  week  April 
26-May  2,  1952,  196,973  beneficiaries  were 
paid  $3,096,642  as  compensation  for  1,150,419 
days  of  unemployment. 

Average  daily  rate  of  benefit  was  $3.14 
for  the  week  under  review  this  month, 
compared  with  $3.15  for  the  same  week  last 
month,  and  $2.69  for  the  same  week  last 
year. 

Insurance  Registrations* 

Reports  received  from  local  offices  of  the 
Unemployment  Insurance  Commission  for 
the  month  of  April  show  that  insurance 
books  have  been  issued  to  2,877,634 
employees  who  have  made  contributions  to 
the  Unemployment  Insurance  Fund  at  one 
time  or  another  since  April  1,  1953. 

At  April  30,  247,486  employers  were 
registered,  a  decrease  of  1,065  since 
March  31. 


See  Tables  E-l  to  E-7  at  end  of  bock. 


*Cumulative  during  each  fiscal  year, 
revised  .beginning  in  April  each  year.  The 
renewal  of  insurance  books  was  incomplete 
at  April  30  and  a  revised  figure  will  appear 
in  next  month's  issue. 


1046 


Supplementary  Benefit 

Since  the  period  for  which  supplementary 
benefit  is  payable  expired  April  15,  no 
claims  filed  on  or  after  April  9  were  con- 
sidered under  the  supplementary  benefit 
provisions  of  the  Act.  Thus,  of  a  total  of 
36,305  claims  disallowed,  only  about  85  per 
cent  (30,818)  were  referred  for  supple- 
mentary benefit.    Of  a  total  of  23,817  initial 


claimants  entitled  to  benefit,  20,482  or  some 
86  per  cent  qualified  under  class  1.  An 
amount  of  $2,801,555  was  paid  in  supple- 
mentary benefit  during  the  month. 

As  stated  above,  the  period  for  which 
these  benefits  are  payable  expired  on 
April  15,  consequently  no  data  are  avail- 
able for  Table  E-7.  During  1952,  the 
period  expired  on  March  31,  hence  no 
comparable  data  exist  for  last  year. 


Decision  of  the  Umpire  under 

the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Digest  of  a  selected  decision  rendered  by  the  Umpire 


Decision  CUB  918,  March  20,  1953 

Held:  (1)  That  if  in  cases  of  refusal  to 
cross  picket  lines  where  no  actual  violence 
is  displayed,  satisfactory  evidence  is  adduced 
that  the  workers  refrained  from  doing  so  on 
account  of  a  legitimate  fear  of  reprisals 
against  them,  their  families  or  material 
possessions,  they  are  not  participating 
within  the  meaning  of  subsection  (2)  of 
Section  89  of  the  Act. 

(2)  That  the  claimant,  by  refraining 
from  crossing  a  peaceful  picket  line  formed 
by  workers  of  an  affiliated  union  on  strike, 
became  a  participant  in  the  dispute  and 
consequently  was  subject  to  disqualification 
under  Section  39(1)  of  the  Act. 

Material  Facts  of  Case. — The  claimant 
filed  an  initial  application  for  benefit  on 
May  26,  1952,  stating  that  he  had  worked 
as  a  tool  crib  man  for  the  Ford  Motor 
Company  of  Canada  Limited,  Windsor, 
Ont.,  from  February  26,  1928,  to  May  23, 
1952,  when  he  was  separated  from  his 
employment  because  of  a  work  shortage. 

According  to  the  submissions,  the  salaried 
office  workers  of  the  said  company  who  are 
members  of  Local  240,  UAW-CIO,  went  on 
strike  on  May  19,  1952,  and  set  up  a  picket 
line  at  the  entrance  of  Plant  No.  1,  which 
houses  the  offices  and  some  production 
departments  of  the  company.  The  hourly- 
rated  employees  (members  of  Local  200, 
UAW-CIO)  employed  in  that  plant  were 
permitted  to  cross  the  picket  line  in  order 
to  carry  on  their  regular  work.  On  May 
23,  1952,  however,  picketing  was  extended 
to  all  the  plants  and  the  hourly-rated 
employees     refrained     from     crossing     the 


picket  lines  with  the  result  that  there  was 
a  complete  stoppage  of  work  at  the  com- 
pany's premises  until  June  1,  1952,  when 
the  dispute  was  settled. 

The  insurance  officer  disqualified  the 
claimant  (a  member  of  Local  200),  from 
the  receipt  of  benefit  from  May  23,  1952 
to  June  1,  1952,  because,  in  his  opinion,  the 
claimant's  loss  of  employment  for  that 
period  was  by  reason  of  a  stoppage  of  work 
due  to  a  labour  dispute  (Section  39(1)  of 
the  Act). 

The  claimant  appealed  to  a  court  of 
referees,  which,  after  having  heard  him, 
his  representative  (an  official  of  Local  200), 
and  an  official  of  the  company,  by  a 
majority  finding  upheld  the  decision  of  the 
insurance  officer. 

Local  200,  UAW-CIO,  appealed  to  the 
Umpire.  The  Canadian  Congress  of 
Labour,  with  which  the  interested  union  is 
affiliated,  in  addition  to  submitting  a 
lengthy  brief,  requested  an  oral  hearing  of 
the  case  before  the  Umpire,  which  was  held 
in  Ottawa  March  4,  1953,  and  attended  by 
the  Assistant  Research  Director  of  the  said 
Congress  and  a  representative  of  the 
Commission. 

Conclusions. — Mr in  his  brief 

to  me  made  it  clear  that  the  Canadian 
Congress  of  Labour  did  not  intend  to  con- 
test the  finding  of  the  court  of  referees 
that  the  picketing  at  the  Ford  plants  in 
Windsor  was  entirely  peaceful,  that  there 
was  work  available  for  the  claimant  and 
those  associated  with  him  in  his  appeal  and 
that  they  deliberately  refrained  from  cross- 
ing the  picket  lines.     He  stated,  however, 


75802—6 


1017 


that  it  was  the  Congress'  belief  that  the 
position  taken  by  me  and  my  predecessor 
in  similar  instances  in  the  past  (that 
refusal  to  cross  a  peaceful  picket  line  is 
evidence  of  participation  in  a  labour 
dispute),  has  had  the  result  of  introducing 
and  preserving  an  unduly  rigid  interpreta- 
tion of  the  rights  of  a  claimant  where 
Section  39  of  the  Act  is  concerned. 

He  went  on  to  state  that  the  Congress' 
objection  "is  to  the  assumption  that  there 
is  not,  or  ought  not  to  be,  any  reason 
which  should  prevent  a  union  member  from 
crossing  a  picket  line  other  than  the 
presence  or  the  threat  of  physical  violence". 

According  to  the  Congress,  Parliament, 
by  the  inclusion  of  Section  40(2)  (a)  in  the 
Act,  which  states  that  employment  arising 
in  consequence  of  a  stoppage  of  work  due 
to  a  labour  dispute  shall  be  deemed  not  to 
be  suitable  for  a  claimant,  has  recognized 
and  respected  a  state  of  mind  which  exists 
among  organized  workers  at  least  that  to 
take  a  job  in  a  strikebound  plant  would 
be  not  only  a  dishonourable  deed  but  would 
be  to  strike  at  the  very  roots  of  the  labour 
movement.  Unions,  like  other  organized 
groups,   for   instance   doctors,   lawyers,   etc., 

contends  Mr ,  "are  governed  by 

mores  which  are  not  set  by  law  or  even 
by  the  constitutions  of  their  professional 
associations  but  have  been  established  on 
the  basis  of  experience  and  tradition. . . . 
(Organized  workers)  are  bound  by  attitudes 
and  customs  which  go  beyond  the  law. 
They  do  things,  or  abstain  from  doing 
them,  not  because  they  are  unlawful  but 
because  it  is  morally  wrong  to  do  other- 
wise. . . .  To  insist,  therefore,  that  trade 
unionists  must  permit  no  other  motivation 
but  the  fear  of  a  broken  head  to  influence 
them  in  regard  to  their  employment  is  to 
set  them  aside  as  a  sort  of  pariah  caste, 
inferior  to  others  and  not  subject  to  the 
same  human  susceptibilities." 

In  the  opinion  of  Mr ,  the 

foregoing  considerations  are  particularly 
important  to  the  workers  engaged  in  the 
automotive  industry  in  Windsor,  where  the 
major  part  of  the  population  is  made  up 
of  union  members  and  their  families. 

"In   the   mind   of   the   appellant   and   his 

fellow-workers,"    continues    Mr , 

"some  very  real  problems  arose  when  they 
found  themselves  confronted  by  Local  240's 
picket  lines.  One  was  that  by  crossing 
those  lines  they  might  become  declasses, 
in  regard  to  their  particular  power  group 
(i.e.,  the  unions,  the  others  in  Windsor 
being,  according  to  a  Canadian  sociologist, 
the  automobile  manufacturers,  the  Catholic 
Church  and  the  local  business  group).    The 


second,  flowing  from  the  first,  was  that  as 
a  further  consequence  of  their  breach  of 
union  mores,  they  might  cut  themselves  on 
from  the  very  real  benefits  which  they 
enjoyed  because  of  their  union's  extra- 
economic  activities  and  status." 

Mr summed  up  his  carefully 

and  ably  prepared  brief  as  follows: — 

(a)  that  the  labour  movement  is  a  social 
institution  whose  functions  transcend 
the  economic,  and  which  has  certain 
codes  of  behaviour  recognized  by 
Parliament  in  the  Unemployment 
Insurance  Act; 

(b)  that,  under  these  circumstances,  reli- 
ance on  physical  violence  as  the  sole 
criterion  with  regard  to  refusing  to 
cross  a  picket  line  is  contrary  to 
public  policy,  in  addition  to  being 
discriminatory; 

(c)  that  the  appellant  had  very  real 
cause  to  refrain  from  crossing  the 
picket  lines  set  up  by  Local  240,  in 
addition  to  the  moral  compulsion 
induced  by  a  trade  union  environ- 
ment ;   and 

(d)  that  the  term  "violence"  should  be 
broadened  in  its  meaning  to  include 
the  potential  loss  of  beneficial  treat- 
ment enjoyed  by  virtue  of  trade  union 
membership  and/or  adherence  to  trade 
union  standards  of  behaviour  even 
where  these  are  not  necessarily  those 
prescribed  by  law. 

I  have  read  with  considerable  interest  the 

views  expressed  by  Mr concerning 

the  ethics  which  do  or  should  govern  the 
actions  of  the  members  of  "organized 
labour"  particularly  in  connection  with 
labour  disputes  when,  although  not 
directly  interested  therein,  they  are  con- 
fronted with  the  problem  of  making  the 
decision  as  to  whether  or  not  they  should 
cross  a  picket  line. 

I  quite  agree  that  if  one  chooses  to 
associate  himself  with  others  in  the  pursu- 
ance of  common  and  legitimate  interests, 
he  should  act  in  accordance  with  the  prin- 
ciples of  his  association.  I  purposely  under- 
lined   the    word    "legitimate"   because    Mr. 

has  omitted  to  differentiate  between 

legal  and  illegal  strikes,  although  I  am 
confident  that  it  was  not  his  intention  to 
argue  that  a  union  member  is  morally 
justified  in  refraining  from  crossing  a  picket 
line  formed  by  workers  of  an  affiliated 
union  who  are  illegally  on  strike.  The 
concept  of  ethics  spurns  any  idea  of 
participation  in  immorality  whether  by 
positive  or  negative  acts. 

The  weakness  of  Mr 's  argu- 
ment, however,  is  not  in  the  underlying 
principle  upon  which*  he  relies  but  in  its 
application  to  the  Unemployment  Insur- 
ance Act.  The  disqualification  for  reason 
of  participation  depends  upon  the  fact  of 
(Continued  on  page  1061) 


1048 


Labour  Condititms 

in  Federal  t*overniiient  Contracts 


Wage  Schedules  Prepared  And  Contracts  Awarded  during  May 

Works  of  Construction,  Remodelling,  Repair  or  Demolition 

During  May  the  Department  of  Labour  prepared  142  wage  schedules  for  inclusion 
in  contracts  proposed  to  be  undertaken  by  departments  of  the  federal  Government  and 
its  Crown  corporations  in  various  areas  of  Canada,  for  works  of  construction,  remodelling, 
repair  or  demolition.  In  the  same  period,  a  total  of  105  contracts  in  these  categories  was 
awarded.    Particulars  of  these  contracts  appear  below. 

A  copy  of  the  wage  schedule  issued  for  each  contract  is  available  on  request  to  trade 
unions  concerned  or  to  others  who  have  a  bona  fide  interest  in  the  execution  of  the 
contract. 

(The    labour    conditions    included    in    each  (b)    hours  of  work  shall  not  exceed  eight 

of   the    contracts    listed    under    this    heading  in   the    day   and    44    in   the   week,   except    in 

provide  that: —  emergency   conditions  approved  by  the   Min- 

(a)    the   wage   rate    for   each   classification  ister  of  Labour; 
of    labour    shown    in   the    wage    schedule    in-  (   }    overtime   rates  of  be   estab. 

eluded    in   the    contract    is    a   minimum    rate  Hshed    b      th      Minister    Sf    Labour    for    all 

only  and  contractors  and  subcontractors  are  h  ^  M  fa  excesg     f     .   ht  d       and 

not   exempted    from    the    payment    of    higher  44  week* 

wages    in    any    instance    where,    during    the  v' 

continuation    of    the    work,    wage    rates    in  (d)    no    employee    shall    be    discriminated 

excess  of  those  shown  in  the  wage  schedule  against  because  of  his  race,  national  origin, 

have  been  fixed  by  provincial  legislation,  by  colour  or  religion,  nor  because  the  employee 

collective   agreements   in   the    district,   or   by  has  made   a  complaint  with  respect  to  such 

current  practice;  discrimination.) 

Contracts  for  the  Manufacture  of  Supplies  and  Equipment 

Contracts  awarded  under  this  heading  for  the  month  of  May  are  set  out  below: — 

Department                                   No.  of  Contracts  Aggregate  Amount 

Agriculture    2  $81,694.00 

Defence  Construction  (1951)  Ltd 2  34,833.00 

Defence  Construction  (1951)  Ltd.: 

(Building  and  Maintenance) 1  85,748 . 00 

Post  Office   10  98,422.66 

Public   Works    1  5,728.00 

(The    labour    conditions    included    in    con-  district,  or  if  there  be  no  such  custom,  then 

tracts   for   the   manufacture   of   supplies   and  fair   and  reasonable  hours; 
equipment  provide  that:—  (c)    overtime   rates   of   pay  may  be   estab- 

(a)  all  persons  who  perform  labour  in  Hshed  by  the  Minister  of  Labour  for  all 
such  contracts  shall  be  paid  such  wages  as  hours  worked  in  excess  of  those  fixed  by 
are  currently  paid  in  the  district  to  com-  custom  of  the  trade  in  the  district,  or  in 
petent  workmen,  and  if  there  is  no  current  excess  of  fair  and  reasonable  hours; 

rate  then  a  fair  and  reasonable  rate;  but  in  (d)    no    empioyee    shall    be    discriminated 

?host'SaSeX  ttffa^s'of  tL'^ov^  **«  -cause  »f  his  race,  national  origin, 

in  which  the  work  is  being  performed;  colour  or  religion,  nor  because  the  employee 

(b)  the  working  hours  shall  be  those  has  made  a  complaint  with  respect  to  such 
fixed    by    the    custom    of    the    trade    in    the  rliserimination.) 


The  Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of  Labour 
legislation  of  the  federal  Government  has 
the  purpose  of  insuring  that  all  Govern- 
ment contracts  for  works  of  construction 
and  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies  and 
equipment  contain  provisions  to  secure 
the  payment  of  wages  generally  accepted 
as  fair  and  reasonable  in  each  trade  or 
classification  employed  in  the  district 
where  the  work  is  being  performed. 

The  practice  of  Government  depart- 
ments and  those  Crown  corporations  to 
which  the  legislation  applies,  before 
entering  into  contracts  for  any  work  of 
construction,  remodelling,  repair  or  demo- 
lition, is  to  obtain  wage  schedules  from 
the  Department  of  Labour,  showing  the 
applicable  wage  rate  for  each  classifica- 
tion of  workmen  deemed  to  be  required 
in    the    execution    of    the    work.      These 


wage  schedules  are  thereupon  included 
with  other  relevant  labour  conditions  as 
terms  of  such  contracts  to  be  observed 
by  the  contractors. 

Wage  schedules  are  not  included  in 
contracts  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies 
and  equipment  because  it  is  not  possible 
to  determine  in  advance  the  classifica- 
tions to  be  employed  in  the  execution 
of  a  contract.  A  statement  of  the  labour 
conditions  which  must  be  observed  in 
every  such  contract  is,  however,  included 
therein  and  is  of  the  same  nature  and 
effect  as  those  which  apply  in  works  of 
construction. 

Copies  of  the  federal  Government's 
Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of  Labour  legis- 
lation may  be  had  upon  request  to  the 
Industrial  Relations  Branch  of  the 
Department  of  Labour,   Ottawa. 


104fr 


75802—6* 


Wage  Claims  Received  and  Payments  made  during  May 

During  the  month  of  May  the  sum  of  $1,371.96  was  collected  from  two  employers 
who  had  failed  to  pay  the  wages  required  by  the  labour  conditions  attached  to  their 
contracts.    This  amount  has  been  or  will  be  distributed  to  the  60  employees  concerned. 

Contracts  Containing  Fair  Wages  Schedules  Awarded  during  May 

(The  labour  conditions  of  the  contracts  marked  (*)  contain  the  General  Fair  Wages 
Clause  providing  for  the  observance  of  current  or  fair  and  reasonable  rates  of  wages  and 
hours  of  labour  not  in  excess  of  eight  per  day  and  44  per  week,  and  also  empower  the 
Minister  of  Labour  to  deal  with  any  question  which  may  arise  with  regard  thereto.) 


Department 

Amherst  Point  Marsh  N  S:  R  K 
Chappell,  construction  of  dyke.  John 
Lusby  Marsh  N  S:  R  K  Chappell,  con- 
struction of  dyke.  Kennetcook  Marsh  N  S: 
Welton  Construction,  construction  of  dyke. 
Martock  Marsh  N  S:  Welton  Construction, 
construction  of  dyke;  J  G  Webster,  marsh 
drainage.  Newport  Town  Marsh  N  S: 
McCully  &  Soy,  construction  of  dyke;  J  G 
Webster,  marsh  drainage.  River  Hebert 
Marsh  N  S:  J  G  Webster,  construction  of 
dyke.      Dixon    Island    Marsh    N    B:    E    L 


of  Agriculture 

Casey,  construction  of  dyke.  Hillsboro 
Marsh  N  B:  Wheaton  Bros,  construction 
of  dyke  and  aboiteau.  Memramcook  West 
Marsh  N  B:  Bay  Construction,  construc- 
tion of  dyke.  Sackville  Marsh  N  B:  E  R 
Stiles,  construction  of  dyke.  Vauxhall 
Altai  Remington  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
reinforced  concrete  irrigation  structure,  Bow 
River  project;  Assiniboia  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  reinforced  concrete  irrigation  struc- 
ture, Bow  River  project. 


Central  Mortgage  and 

Gander  Nfld:  Eastern  Woodworkers  Ltd, 
construction  of  houses.  Eastern  Passage 
N  S:  Halifax  Painters  &  Decorators, 
exterior  painting.  New  Glasgow  N  S: 
H  K  Brine,  exterior  painting.  Saint  John 
N  B:  Harry  A  Clark,  re-insulating  & 
wrapping  of  pipes,  Rockwood  Court. 
Montreal  P  Q:  Lewis  Bros  Asphalt  Paving 
Ltd,  *grading  &  paving,  Benny  Farm; 
D'Errico  Bros  Asphalt  Paving  Ltd,  *grading 
&  installation  of  drainage  system,  Villeray 
Terrace.  Barriefield  Ont:  Walter  J  Hals- 
grove,  landscaping.  Brantford  Ont:  Nap 
Beauchamp  Construction  Co,  repairs  to 
houses.  Cobourg  Ont :  R  H  Clark,  *exterior 
painting.  Deep  River  Ont:  Shalamar 
Gardens,  landscaping.  Dry  den  Ont:  J  H 
Turcotte,  exterior  painting.  Gloucester 
Ont:  Shalamar  Gardens,  *landscaping. 
London  Ont:  J  Bushan,  interior  & 
exterior  painting.  Pickering  Ont:  Oliver 
Maurer,  ^stockpiling  coal.  Toronto  Ont: 
Atlas  Excavators  Ltd,  *reinforcing  under- 
ground tunnel.  Uplands  Ont:  H  H  Sutton, 
landscaping.    Brandon  Man:  Al  Decorating 


Housing  Corporation 

&  Signs,  exteric  minting.  Selkirk  Man: 
E  Oswald  &  oon,  exterior  painting. 
Winnipeg  Man:  Ideal  Decorating  Co, 
exterior  painting.  Lloydminster  Sask:  G  J 
Mogenson,  exterior  painting.  North  Battle- 
ford  Sask:  Reg  Parsons,  *exterior  paint- 
ing. Prince  Albert  Sask:  Wm  Sigalet  & 
Co  Ltd,  exterior  painting.  Regina  Sask: 
Norman  Clark,  *renovation  of  landscaping. 
Weyburn  Sask:  Norman  Clark,  *renova- 
tion  of  landscaping.  Claresholm  Alta: 
General  Construction  Co  (Alberta)  Ltd, 
construction  of  roadway  &  driveways. 
Medicine  Hat  Alta:  J  H  Back,  exterior 
painting.  Namao  Alta:  T  J  Pounder  & 
Co  Ltd,  paving  roads  &  driveways. 
Penhold  Alta:  Standard  Gravel  &  Sur- 
facing of  Canada  Ltd,  construction  of 
roads,  driveways,  catch  basins  &  open 
drainage  system.  Kamloops  B  C:  R  H 
Neven  Co  Ltd,  *exterior  painting.  Van- 
couver B  C:  Ed  Johnston,  landscaping, 
Fraserview;  R  H  Neven  Co  Ltd,  exterior 
painting;  Ed  Johnston,  *landscaping. 


Defence  Construction  (1951)  Limited 


St  John's  Nfld:  Byers  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  construction  of  stores,  workshop,  office 
bldg,  etc.  Fredericton  N  B:  Caldwell 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction  of 
garage,  RCASC.  Bagotville  P  Q:  North 
Shore  Construction  Co,  construction  of 
roads.  Falconbridge  Ont:  A  W  Robertson 
Construction    Ltd,    construction    of    addi- 


tional work.  Foymount  Ont:  A  W 
Robertson  Construction  Ltd,  construction  of 
additional  work.  Meaford  Ont:  Keiller 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  installation  of  water 
supply  system.  Shirley  Bay  Ont:  M 
Sullivan  &  Son  Ltd,  construction  of  central 
workshop  bldg.  Toronto  Ont:  Fassel  & 
Baglier    Construction,    addition    to    north 


1050 


wing,  HMCS  "York".  Trenton  Ont:  H  J 
McFarland  Construction  Co,  hangar  aprons 
&  drainage.  Winnipeg  Man:  Benjamin 
Bros  Ltd,  construction  of  water  supply, 
sewerage,  power  &  communications  duct 
lines.  Namao  Altai  Standard  Iron  & 
Engineering  Works  Ltd,  erection  of  vertical 


steel  tanks.  Comox  B  Ci  Hanssen  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  construction  of  deep  well 
pumphouse.  Esquimalt  B  Ci  General 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction  of 
magazine  &  services  bldgs  &  associated 
services.  Aklavik  N  W  T:  Tower  Co  Ltd, 
construction  of  barrack  block. 


Building  and 
Lachine  P  Q:  Charles  Duranceau  Ltd, 
construction  of  parking  areas,  RCAF 
Station.  Valcartier  P  Q :  Magloire  Cauchon 
Ltee,  construction  of  observation  shelter  & 
storage  bldg,  Small  Arms  Artillery  Proof 
&  Experimental  Establishment.  Ottawa 
Ont:  Alex  I  Garvock  Ltd,  construction  of 
roof  hatches,  No  26  COD,  Plouffe  Park. 
Rockcliffe  Ont:  Dominion  Steel  &  Coal 
Corporation    Ltd,    erection    of    chain    link 


Maintenance 
fence,  RCAF  Station.  Trenton  Ont:  H  J 
McFarland  Construction  Co  Ltd,  paving  of 
road,  RCAF  Station.  Rivers  Man:  J  H 
From,  landscaping,  RCAF  Station.  Calgary 
Alta:  Assiniboia  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
replacement  of  asphalt  standing,  RCAF 
Station.  Matsqui  B  C:  Ralph  &  Arthur 
Parsons  Ltd,  removing,  overhauling  & 
re-installing  diesel  electric  unit,  Naval 
Radio  Station. 


National  Harbours  Board 

Halifax  Harbour  N  S:  Atlas  Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction  of  addition  to  grain 
elevator.  Montreal  Harbour  P  Q:  Miron  &  Freres  Ltd,  asphalt  paving,  lower  floors  of 
sheds  Nos.  12  &  14;  Jean  Paquette,  construction  of  offices  in  shed  No.  12. 


Department  of 

St  John's  Nfld:  L  S  B  Stokes  &  Sons 
Ltd,  alterations  &  addition  to  bldg  No.  2, 
for  RCMP,  Kenna's.  Hill.  RvHico 
Harbour  P  E  I:  L  G  .  M  H  Smit1  Ltd, 
breakwater  repairs.  Chester  N  S:  J  P 
Porter  Co  Ltd,  *dredging.  Dingwall  N  S: 
McNamara  Construction  Co  Ltd,  *dredging. 
Herring  Cove  N  S:  Atlantic  Bridge  Co 
Ltd,  reconstruction  of  breakwater  and 
wingwall.  Port  Hood  Island  N  S:  A  D 
MacDonald  &  C  J  McDonald,  closing 
northern  entrance.  Swim's  Point  N  S: 
Mosher  &  Rawding  Ltd,  wharf  repairs  & 
improvements.  Cape  Bimet  N  B:  Modern 
Construction  Ltd,  construction  of  wharf. 
Fairhaven  N  B:  Colin  R  MacDonald 
Ltd,  wharf  reconstruction  &  extension. 
Little  Aldouane  &  Grand  Aldouane  N  B: 
Roger  LeBlanc,  *dredging.  McEachern's 
Point  N  B:  J  W  &  J  Anderson  Ltd,  wharf 
extension.  Middle  Caraquet  N  B:  Comeau 
&  Savoie  Construction  Ltd,  wharf  exten- 
sion. Forestville  P  Q:  McNamara  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  wharf  extension.  Riviere 
au  Renard  P  Q:  Mannix  Ltd,  wharf  recon- 


Public  Works 

struction.  Ste  Anne  de  la  Pocatiere  P  Q: 
Dieppe  Construction  Inc,  addition  to 
headerhouse.  Honey  Harbour  Ont:  R  A 
Blyth,  wharf  reconstruction.  Little  Current 
Ont:  Canadian  Dredge  &  Dock  Co, 
*dredging.  London  Ont:  Ellis-Don  Ltd, 
alterations  to  provide  for  plant  growth 
chambers,  Science  Service  laboratory. 
Ottawa  Ont:  Stanley  G  Brookes,  installa- 
tion of  transformers  &  switchboard,  alter- 
ations, etc,  Mortimer  Bldg;  Edge  Ltd, 
installation  of  automatic  sprinkler  with 
central  supervisory  &  fire  alarm  system 
"G"  &  "H",  562  Booth  St;  Canadian 
Comstock  Co  Ltd,  fluorescent  lighting  & 
transformer  room  changes,  Dominion 
Archives  bldg.  Port  Stanley  Ont:  Mc- 
Namara Construction  Co  Ltd,  *dredging. 
Kimberley  B  C:  C  J  Oliver  Ltd,  erection 
of  public  bldg.  Shawinigan  Lake  B  C: 
B  C  Pile  Drivers  Ltd,  construction  of 
wharf  &  floats.  Vancouver  B  C:  Walach 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  alterations,  lighting, 
plumbing,  paving,  etc,  RCMP  Sub-Division 
Hdqrs. 


Department 

Cape  Spear  Nfld:  S  J  Clark,  construction 
of  dwelling.  Lamaline  Nfld:  S  J  Clark, 
erection  of  dwelling  and  tower.  Dartmouth 
N  S:  Acadia  Construction  Ltd,  additional 
airport  development.  Dorval  P  Q:  The 
Highway  Paving  Co  Ltd,  additional 
development,  Montreal  Airport.  Timmins 
Ont:    Storms    Contracting    Co    Ltd,    addi- 


of  Transport 

tional  airport  development.  Regina  Sask: 
Mannix  Ltd,  additional  airport  develop- 
ment; A  D  Ross  &  Co  Ltd,  installation  of 
field  lighting.  Comox  B  C:  S  &  S  Electric 
Ltd,  installation  of  field  lighting.  Mill 
Bay  (Patricia  Bay)  B  C:  A  V  Richardson 
Ltd,  construction  of  radio  beacon  station. 


1051 


wages,    I  a  ours   and 
Working  Conditions 


Wage  Rates  for  Male  Labourers 

in  Manufacturing  in  Recent  Years 

Labourers'  wage  rates  rose  201  -7  per  cent  between  1939  and  1952 
while  those  of  all  plant  workers  advanced  by  178  -7  per  cent.  In  terms 
of  averages,  labourers'  rates  are  highest  in  British  Columbia,  Ontario 


The  wage  rates  paid  to  labourers  are  of 
particular  importance  in  that  they  often 
form  the  base  for  the  entire  wage  structure 
of  individual  establishments  or  the  focal 
point  from  which  the  differentials  for  many 
other  skills  are  determined.  Generally 
speaking  they  are  the  lowest  rates  paid  in 
a  plant,  apart  from  hiring  rates  or  those 
paid  to  apprentices. 

In  numerical  terms,  labourers  are  the 
most  important  occupational  group  in 
manufacturing.  This  study,  for  example, 
covers  more  than  72.000  workers  in  this 
classification.  Important,  too,  is  the  fact 
that  labourers  constitute  the  largest  group 
of  workers  in  most  of  the  manufacturing 
industries. 

For  these  reasons,  and  the  fact  that 
the  duties  of  labourers  are  similar,  regard- 
less of  the  firm  or  industry  in  which  they 
are  employed,  the  rates  paid  to  such 
workers  are  useful  in  helping  to  determine 
relative  wage  levels  in  various  establish- 
ments, industries  and  localities. 

For  purposes  of  this  article  a  labourer 
is  a  worker  who  performs  one  or  a  variety 
of  heavy  or  light  manual  duties  which  can 
be  learned  in  a  short  period  of  time  and 
which  require  a  minimum  of  independent 
judgment.  Only  those  whose  duties  are 
too  general  to  be  classified  otherwise  are 
included  in  this  occupation. 

Wage  Trends 

A  widely-shared  opinion  is  that  unskilled 
workers  have  succeeded  in  obtaining  gains 
in  wages  over  the  past  decade  or  more 
sufficient  to  narrow  percentage  differentials 
that  existed  between  them  and  the  skilled 
and  semi-skilled  workers  in  the  late  '30's 
and  early  '40's.  This  view  appears  to  be 
supported  by  statistics  showing  the  upward 
movement  of  wage  levels  for  labourers,  the 
most  important  constituent  of  the  unskilled 


group,  and  plant  workers  as  a  whole  in  the 
manufacturing  industries.  For  labourers, 
rates  rose  by  201-7  per  cent  between  1939 
and  1952  and  for  all  plant  workers  by  178-7 
per  cent.  In  recent  years,  the  two  indexes 
on  a  base  of  1939  as  100  run  as  follows: — 


Year 

Labourers" 

All  Plant 
Employees 

Index 

Annual 
per  cent 
Increase 

Index 

Annual 
per  cent 
Increase 

1945 

150-2 

165-9 
189-9 
214-0 
224-1 
244-6 
274-9 
301-7 

"io-5 

14-5 
12-7 

4-7 
9-1 
12-4 

9-7 

146-5 
161-5 
183-3 
205-9 
217-9 
230-7 
261-6 
278-7 

1946 

10-2 

1947 

13-5 

1948 

12-3 

1949 

5-8 

1950 

5-9 

1951 

13-4 

1952 

6-5 

It  is  apparent  that  during  the  war  years 
1939-1945,  there  was  a  significant  disparity 
between  the  average  percentage  wage  gains 
of  labourers  and  plant  workers  as  a  whole. 
During  this  period  the  rates  of  labourers 
rose  by  50-2  per  cent  whereas  those  of 
plant  workers  as  a  group  advanced  by 
only  46-5  per  cent.  Since  the  war,  with 
an  accelerated  upward  movement  of  wage 
levels  generally,  labourers'  rates  have 
advanced  by  a  correspondingly  greater 
amount.  From  1945  to  1952,  the  rates  of 
labourers  doubled  whereas  those  of  plant 
workers  rose  by  90  per  cent.  In  five  of 
the  seven  post-war  years,  the  increase  in 
labourers'  rates  has,  in  percentage  terms, 
been  higher  than  that  for  plant  workers 
of  all  levels  of  skill. 

While  cents-per-hour  differentials  in  wage 
rates  between  labourers  and  semi-skilled 
and  skilled  workers  have  widened  con- 
siderably during  the  period  since  1939, 
percentage  differentials,  as  evidenced  by 
these     statistics     of     wage     trends,     have 


1052 


narrowed.  These  trends  reflect  the 
tendency  of  unions  and  employers  to 
negotiate  wage  increases  in  terms  of  single 
cents-per-hour  or  other  amounts  that  are 
not  proportionate  to  actual  wage  levels  for 
individual  occupations.  With  rising  living 
costs,  the  escalator  wage  formulas,  which 
have  become  widespread  throughout  indus- 
try, tend  to  narrow  skill  differentials,  as 
they  generally  provide  for  a  fixed  hourly 
increase  for  a  given  change  in  the  cost- 
of-living  index,  regardless  of  the  occupation 
or  class  of  employee  receiving  the  wage 
adjustment.  With  a  decline  in  living  costs, 
the  opposite  result  is,  of  course,  obtained, 
as  the  more  skilled  workers  lose  less  pro- 
portionately than  those  receiving  lower 
wages.  Operating  in  the  direction  of 
maintaining  inter-occupational  percentage 
differentials  is  the  frequent  practice  of 
maintaining  the  take-home-pay  of  workers 
with  a  reduction  in  hours  of  work.  This 
serves  to  increase  all  hourly  rates  by  the 
same  percentage  amounts. 

Wage  Structure 

The  rates  for  labourers  given  in  Table  1 
show  that  the  Canadian  wage  structure  is 
characterized  by  fairly  pronounced  regional 
and  local  differentials  in  wage  rates.  These 
reflect  the  underlying  economic  conditions 
as  well  as  customs  and  social  attitudes  that 
exist  in  various  sections  of  the  country.  In 
many  cases,  geographical  differentials  are 
associated  with  the  degree  of  concentration 
of  high-wage  or  low-wage  industries  and  the 
extent  and  strength  of  trade  unionism 
within  regions   or   metropolitan   areas. 

In  terms  of  averages,  wage  rates  for 
labourers  are  highest  in  British  Columbia 
and  Ontario;  but  even  within  these  prov- 
inces local  differences  in  wage  levels  are 
substantial  and  many  centres  in  the 
Atlantic  Provinces,  Quebec  and  the  Prairie 
Provinces  have  rates  that  exceed  those  of 
many  communities  in  the  two  high-wage 
provinces. 

Wage  levels  in  the  larger  cities,  where 
industry  is  generally  more  diversified,  tend 
to  fall  close  to  the  provincial  averages.  In 
other  centres  where  one  industry  predom- 
inates, such  levels  are  greatly  influenced  by 
the  nature  of  that  industry.  In  Sydney, 
Hamilton  and  Welland  the  high  wage  scales 
of  the  primary  steel  manufacturers  raise 
local  wage  rate  averages  for  labourers  well 
above  those  for  most  other  cities  of 
comparable  size  in  Nova  Scotia  and 
Ontario.  In  Trois  Rivieres,  Cornwall  and 
Thorold,  the  pulp  and  paper  industry  is 
the  largest  employer  of  labourers  and  thus 
exerts  a  great  influence  on  the  pattern  of 
wages   for   unskilled    males.     In   Kitchener 


and  Saskatoon,  the  meat  packing  industry 
plays  an  important  role  in  determining 
local  wage  levels  for  this  class  of  employee. 


AVERAGE  HOURLY  WAGE  RATES   FOR 

LABOURERS,  MALE,  IN 

MANUFACTURING,  BY  CITY 

October  1950,  1951  and  1952 


1950 

1951 

1952 

Locality 

Aver- 
age 
Rate 

Aver- 
age 
Rate 

Aver- 
age 
Rate 

Range  of 
Rates 

$ 
.96 

$ 
1.10 

.91 

.74 

•68 

.87 

.83 

•73 

1.20 

.88 

1.16 

.88 

.98 
1.10 

.83 
1.01 

.96 

.88 
1.16 

.77 
1.07 

.79 

1.16 

.96 
1.21 
1.01 
1.18 
1.20 
1.12 
1.03 
1.28 
1.14 
1.12 
1.14 
1.30 

.87 
1.30 

.85 
1.17 
1.22 
1.22 
1.10 
1.26 
1.26 
1.02 
1.32 
1.14 
1.44 
1.29 

.96 

.97 
.97 

1.01 
1.00 
1.03 

1.04 
1.16 
1.01 

1.31 
1.38 
1.32 
1.28 

$ 

1.25 

1.09 
.97 

•69 

1.32 

1.02 

•79 

1.30 

.96 

1.12 

.96 

1.08 
1.14 

.88 
1.12 
1.07 

.96 
1.29 

.86 
1.13 

.80 

1.29 
1.06 
1-19 
1.07 
1.14 
1.22 
1.13 
1.10 
1.36 
1.26 
1.19 
1.22 
1.37 

.90 
1.26 

.92 
1.19 
1.26 
1.24 
1.17 
1.43 
1.35 
1.08 
1.39 
1.23 
1.50 
1.44 
1.12 

1.10 
1.12 

1.14 
1.14 
1.21 

1.11 
1.27 
1.14 

1.40 
1.41 
1.41 
1.46 

$ 

.75-1.09 

P.E.I.     . 

.89 

.83 

•78 

1.04 

.80 
.94 
.74 

.86 
.91 
.72 
.91 
.92 
.82 
.96 
.65 
.90 
.70 

1.00 
.92 

1.09 

1.09 
.96 
.97 
.91 
.96 

1.08 
.91 
.94 

1.08 

1.07 
.77 

1.04 
.76 

1.03 
.97 

1.06 
.97 

1.05 

1.12 
.83 

1.08 
.99 

1.08 

1.16 
.88 

.88 
.88 

.92 
.93 

.88 

.97 
1.00 

.98 

1.16 
1.19 
1.16 
1.10 

.90-1.09 

New  Glasgow 

•75-1-00 
1.24-1.36 

•75-1.39 

.80-1.11 

Hull 

.97-1.32 

.71-1.00 

.90-1.40 

.88-1.27 

.71-1.12 

Shawinigan  Falls 

1.25-1.34 
.57-1.02 

Trois  Rivieres 

.74-1.25 
.70-  .90 

Bellevilb 

.70-1.37 

.80-1.37 

.85-1.41 

1.14-1.17 

Fort  William 

1.00-1.33 

Gait 

.95-1.22 

Guelph 

.80-1.20 

1.05-1.52 

1.25-1.30 

.95-1.30 

.90-1.58 

Niagara  Falls 

Orillia 

1.35-1.44 
. 75-1 . 10 

1.10-1.31 

.75-1.12 

Peterborough 

Port  Arthur 

1.01-1.32 
1.17-1.50 

St.  Catharines 

St.  Thomas 

.89-1.43 
1.12-1.24 

1.28-1.56 

Sault  Ste.  Marie 

1.05-1.14 

Thorold 

1.34-1.58 

1.00-1.42 

Welland 

1.48-1.63 

1.36-1.49 

1.00-1.27 

.83-1.33 

1.00-1.40 

.95-1.32 

1.00-1.45 

.88-1.31 

New  Westminster. . .  . 
Vancouver 

1.06-1.52 
1.24-1.56 
1.45-1.52 

1053 


Prices  and  the  Cost  of  Living 


Consumer  Price  Index,  June  1,  1953 

Following  a  decline  dating  from  last 
November,  when  the  consumer  price  index 
was  116*1,  the  index  rose  0-4  per  cent  from 
114*4  at  May  1  to  114-9  at  June  1.  Higher 
food  prices  were  mainly  responsible  for  the 
increase,  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
reported. 

The  food  index  advanced  from  110*1  to 
111*4  as  a  result  of  substantially  firmer 
prices  for  fresh  and  cured  pork,  fresh  fruits 
and  vegetables  and  lesser  increases  for 
most  other  meats,  bread  and  eggs.  Butter 
and  canned  fruits  and  vegetables  were 
lower. 

The  shelter  component  moved  up  from 
122*9  to  123*6,  reflecting  an  increase  of  1-0 
per  cent  in  rentals;  the  home-ownership 
index  remained  the  same. 

Other  group  indexes,  exhibiting  unusual 
stability,  were  unchanged  at  110-1  for 
clothing,  116-6  for  household  operation  and 
115*1  for  other  commodities  and  services. 
In  the  household  operation  group  a  sea- 
sonal reduction  in  coal  was  balanced  by 
small  increases  in  home  furnishings,  and  in 
supplies  and  services. 

The  index  one  year  earlier  (June  2,  1952) 
was  116*0;  group  indexes  were:  food  115*7, 
shelter  120-4,  clothing  111*8,  household 
operation  115-9,  other  commodities  and 
services  115*7. 


Cost-of-Living  Index,  June  1,  1953 

The  cost-of-living  index  (1935-39:=  100) 
rose  from  183*6  to  184*8  between  May  1 
and  June  1.    At  June  2,  1952,  it  was  187*3. 

Group  indexes  at  June  1  (May  1  figures 
in  parentheses)  were:  food  225-7  (222-8), 
rent  152-5  (151-0),  fuel  and  light  152*6 
(153-2),  clothing  206*4  (206-3),  home 
furnishings  and  services  196-2  (196-2)  and 
miscellaneous  149-0   (149-0). 

Group  indexes  one  year  earlier  (June  2, 
1952)  were:  food  237-0,  rent  147-9,  fuel 
and  light  149*8,  clothing  209-3,  home 
furnishings  and  services  197*2  and  miscel- 
laneous 147*4. 

City  Cost-of-Living  Indexes,  May  1,  1953 

Declines  occurred  in  six  and  increases 
in  three  of  the  cost-of-living  indexes  for 
the  nine  regional  cities  between  April  1 
and  May  1. 

Changes  in  food  prices  resulted  in  lower 
food  indexes  in  five  centres  and  increases 
in  the  remaining  four.  Prices  of  fresh  pork 
and  eggs  were  generally  firmer  while 
butter,  beef  and  fresh  vegetables  were 
cheaper  in  most  cities.  An  advance  in 
the  price  of  bread  was  reported  in 
Edmonton. 

Clothing  indexes  were  up  in  all  nine 
cities  as  a  result  of  scattered  advances  in 


See  Tables  F-l  to  F-6  at  end  of  book. 


CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX  FROM  JANUARY  1949 


1054 


men's  and  women's  wear  items.  Changes 
in  the  home  furnishings  and  services  group 
were  also  scattered  over  a  number  of 
items,  advances  in  furniture  and  washing 
machine  prices  and  declines  in  refrigerator 
prices  being  predominant.  Telephone  rates 
were  reported  up  in  Halifax  and  Van- 
couver. Coal  prices  were  lower  in  St.  John, 
Montreal  and  Toronto,  reflecting  the  intro- 
duction of  summer  rates.  Winnipeg  and 
Saskatoon  prices  were  slightly  higher  while 
in  the  remaining  four  cities  fuel  and  light- 
ing indexes  were  unchanged. 

Rent  indexes  advanced  in  seven  cities 
but  remained  unchanged  in  Halifax  and 
Winnipeg.  Increases  in  theatre  admissions 
and  barbers'  fees  contributed  to  advances 
in  the  miscellaneous  items  index  in  six 
cities.  This  component  remained  unchanged 
in  Montreal  and  was  lower  in  St.  John's 
and  Toronto. 

Composite  city  cost-of-living  index  point 
changes  between  April  1  and  May  1  were: 
Halifax  —0-7  to  172-6,  Winnipeg  —0-5  to 
176-4,  St.  John's  —0-4  to  101-1,  Saint  John 
—0-3  to  180-2,  Saskatoon  —0-3  to  182-2, 
Toronto  —0-1  to  180-9,  Vancouver  +0-3 
to  187-5,  Edmonton  +0-2  to  176-6  and 
Montreal  +0-1  to  188-3. 

Wholesale  Prices,  May  1953 

Wholesale  prices  continued  in  May  to 
move  within  narrow  limits.  The  com- 
posite index  rose  fractionally  to  220-1  from 


219-6  the  preceding  month,  according  to 
the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics.  A  year 
earlier  the  index  stood  at  224-6. 

Three  of  the  eight  major  sub-group 
indexes  advanced  between  April  and  May, 
four  declined  and  one  remained  unchanged. 

Animal  products  led  the  increases  with 
a  rise  in  the  index  from  234-4  to  239-1  as 
a  result  of  higher  prices  for  livestock, 
notably  hogs,  and  for  pork  carcass,  veal, 
cured  meats,  eggs,  hides,  raw  furs,  and 
footwear.  Fishery  products,  fluid  milk, 
butter,  fowl  and  tallow  declined. 

Narrow  gains  in  newsprint  and  cedar 
shingles  outweighed  weakness  in  fir  lumber 
and  wood  pulp  to  move  the  wood,  wood 
products  and  paper  index  from  289-9  to 
290-3.  A  continued  easing  of  the  Cana- 
dian dollar  in  terms  of  United  States  funds 
was  a  supporting  factor  in  the  export  items 
in  this  and  other  groups. 

Vegetable  products  remained  practically 
unchanged,  moving  from  197-3  to  197-4 
when  advances  in  fresh  fruits,  certain 
grains,  rubber,  sugar  and  flour  outweighed 
declines  in  green  coffee,  potatoes,  onions 
and  some  vegetable  oils. 

Reflecting  continued  weakness  in  the 
price  of  copper,  lead  and  zinc,  which  over- 
balanced advances  in  silver  and  gold 
quotations,  the  composite  index  for  non- 
ferrous  metals  receded  from  170-7  to  168-1. 

In  the  non-metallics  section,  seasonally 
lower  prices  for  coal  were  responsible  for 
a  drop  in  the  index  for  this  group  from 
174-4  to  173-9. 


COST-OF-LIVING  INDEX  FROM  JANUARY  1946 


75802—7 


1055 


Lower  quotations  for  scrap  iron,  steel 
and  tinplate  moved  the  iron  and  steel 
products  index  down  from  221-5  to  221-2. 

No  net  change  was  registered  in  the 
chemicals  group  index,  which  continued  at 
176-2. 

Fibres,  textiles  and  textile  products 
changed  from  241-6  to  241-2  as  prices 
declined  for  woollen  hosiery  and  both 
worsted  and  cotton  yarns.  On  the  other 
hand,  a  firmer  tone  was  exhibited  for 
worsted  cloth,  cotton  knit  goods  and  both 
domestic  and  imported  raw  wool. 

Canadian  farm  product  prices  at  terminal 
markets  advanced  slightly  in  May  to  an 
index    reading    of    216-9,    compared    with 


214-5  in  April.  Strength  was  concentrated 
in  animal  products  and  the  group  index 
for  this  series  moved  up  from  256-0  to 
263-2  because  of  firmer  prices  for  live- 
stock, principally  hogs,  and  also  for  eggs 
and  raw  wool.  In  the  same  period,  field 
products  moved  down  from  173-0  to  170-6 
as  decreases  occurred  for  potatoes  and 
grains. 

Prices  entering  into  residential  building 
materials  were  slightly  easier  in  May  and 
the  composite  index  declined  from  283-6 
in  April  to  282-8  in  May.  Price  declines 
were  noted  in  plumbing  and  heating  equip- 
ment, notably  copper  piping,  and  in  elec- 
trical equipment. 


Strikes  and  Lockouts 

Canada,  May,  1953* 


The  number  of  industrial  disputes  result- 
ing in  work  stoppages  increased  slightly 
during  May  1953,  but  the  resulting  time 
loss,  while  somewhat  higher,  was  little 
changed  from  the  low  figures  of  the 
previous  four  months.  Strike  idleness  in 
May  1953,  was  only  a  fraction  of  the  loss 
in  May  1952. 

No  great  amount  of  loss  was  shown  by 
any  one  stoppage  but  three  disputes  with 
the  greatest  loss  were:  flour,  cereal  and 
feed  mill  workers  at  Peterborough,  Ont., 
and  Saskatoon,  Sask.;  clothing  and  hosiery 
factory  workers  at  Montreal,  Que.;  and 
garage  workers  at  Fort  William  and  Port 
Arthur,  Ont. 

Wages  and  related  questions  were  the 
central  issues  in  25  of  the  30  stoppages  in 
May  1953,  causing  more  than  90  per  cent 
of  the  total  loss.  Of  the  other  disputes, 
two  arose  over  causes  affecting  working 
conditions,  two  over  discharge  and  lay-off 
of  workers,  and  one  over  a  union  question. 

Preliminary  figures  for  May  1953,  show 
30  strikes  and  lockouts  in  existence,  in- 
volving 4,748  workers,  with  a  time  loss  of 
36,127  man-working  days,  compared  with 
21  strikes  and  lockouts  in  April  1953,  with 
3,562  workers  involved  and  a  loss  of  29,120 
days.  In  May  1952,  there  were  44  strikes 
and  lockouts,  with  23,360  workers  involved 
and  a  loss  of  248,575  days. 

For  the  first  five  months  of  1953  prelim- 
inary figures  show  69  strikes  and  lockouts, 


involving  14,638  workers,  with  a  time  loss 
of  153,092  days.  In  the  same  period  in 
1952  there  were  93  strikes  and  lockouts, 
with  43,916  workers  involved  and  a  loss 
of  611,308  days. 

Based  on  the  number  of  non-agricultural 
wage  and  salary  workers  in  Canada,  the 
time  lost  in  May  1953,  was  0-04  per  cent 
of  the  estimated  working  time;  0-03  per 
cent  in  April  1953;  0-30  per  cent  in  May 
1952;  0-04  per  cent  for  the  first  five 
months  of  1953;  and  0-15  per  cent  for  the 
first  five  months  of  1952. 

Of  the  30  stoppages  in  existence  in  May 
1953.  three  were  settled  in  favour  of  the 
workers,  two  in  favour  of  the  employers, 
five  were  compromise  settlements,  and  five 
were  indefinite  in  result,  work  being 
resumed  pending  final  settlement.  At  the 
end  of  the  month  15  stoppages  were 
recorded  as  unterminated. 

(The  record  does  not  include  minor  strikes 
such  as  are  defined  in  another  paragraph  nor 
does  it  include  strikes  and  lockouts  about 
which  information  has  been  received  indi- 
cating that  employment  conditions  are  no 
longer  affected  but  which  the  unions  con- 
cerned have  not  declared  terminated.  Strikes 
and  lockouts  of  this  nature  still  in  progress 
are:  compositors,  etc.,  at  Winnipeg,  Man., 
which  began  on  November  8,  1945,  and  at 
Ottawa'  and  Hamilton,  Ont.,  and  Edmonton, 
Alt  a.,  on  May  30,  1946:  and  waitresses  at 
Timmins,  Ont.,  on  May  23,  1952.) 


'See   Tables   G-l   and   G-2   at   end   of   book. 


1056 


Great  Britain  and  Other  Countries 


(The  latest  available  information  as  to 
strikes  and  lockouts  in  various  countries  is 
given  in  the  Labour  Gazette  from  month  to 
month.  Statistics  given  in  the  annual  review 
and  in  this  article  are  taken,  as  far  as 
possible,  from  the  government  publications 
of  the  countries  concerned  or  from  the 
International  Labour  Office  Year  Book  of 
Labour  Statistics.) 

Great  Britain  and  Northern  Ireland 

The  British  Ministry  of  Labour  Gazette 
publishes  statistics  dealing  with  disputes 
involving  stoppages  of  work  and  gives  some 
details  of  the  more  important  ones. 

The  number  of  work  stoppages  beginning 
in  March  1953,  was  176  and  12  were  still 
in  progress  from  the  previous  month, 
making  a  total  of  188  during  the  month. 
In  all  stoppages  of  work  in  progress, 
40,800  workers  were  involved  and  a  time 
loss  of  251,000  working  days  caused. 

Of  the  176  disputes  leading  to  stoppages 
of  work  which  began  in  March,  10,  directly 
involving  5,900  workers,  arose  over  demands 
for  advances  in  wages;  and  70,  directly 
involving  5,800  workers,  over  other  wage 
questions;  six,  directly  involving  300 
workers,     over     questions     as     to     working 


hours;  28,  directly  involving  4,700  workers, 
over  questions  respecting  the  employment 
of  particular  classes  or  persons;  61,  directly 
involving  4,300  workers,  over  other  ques- 
tions respecting  working  arrangements;  and 
one,  directly  involving  4,800  workers,  was 
in  support  of  workers  involved  in  another 
dispute. 

India 

For  the  year  1952,  preliminary  figures 
show  955  industrial  disputes  resulting  in 
work  stoppages.  These  involved  807,623 
workers  directly  and  indirectly  and  caused 
a  time  loss  of  3,330,684  man-working  days. 

United  States 

Preliminary  figures  for  April  1953,  show 
550  work  stoppages  resulting  from  labour- 
management  disputes  beginning  in  the 
month  in  which  275,000  workers  were 
involved.  The  time  loss  for  all  strikes  and 
lockouts  in  progress  during  the  month  was 
2,500,000  man-days.  Corresponding  figures 
for  March  1953,  are  450  work  stoppages 
involving  180,000  workers  and  a  time  loss 
of  1,100,000  days. 


Publications  Recently  Received 

in  Department  of  Labour  Library 


The  publications  listed  below  are  not 
for  sale  by  the  Department  of  Labour. 
Persons  wishing  to  purchase  them  should 
communicate  with  the  publishers.  Publica- 
tions listed  may  be  borrowed,  free  of 
charge,  by  making  application  to  the 
Librarian,  Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa. 
Students  must  apply  through  the  Library 
of  their  institution.  Applications  for  loans 
should  give  the  number  (numeral)  of  the 
publication  desired  and  the  month  in 
which  it  was  listed  in  the  Labour  Gazette. 

List  No.  59. 

Accident   Prevention 

1.  Congres  Technique  National  de 
Securite  et  d'Hygiene  du  Travail.  3d, 
Avignon,  France,  1952.  La  Securite  Sociale 
au  Service  de  la  Prevention.  Travaux,  9-12 
octobre,  1952.     Paris,  Institut  National  de 


Securite  pour  la  Prevention  des  Accidents 
du  Travail  et  des  Maladies  Profession- 
nelles,  1953?     Pp.  376. 

2.  National  Industrial  Safety  Confer- 
ence. Proceedings  of  the  National  Indus- 
trial Safety  Conference,  1952,  The  Spa, 
Scarborough,  May  16th,  17th  and  18th. 
London,  Royal  Society  for  the  Prevention 
of  Accidents,  1952.    Pp.  99. 

3.  President's  Conference  on  Industrial 
Safety,  Washington,  D.C.,  1952.  Pro- 
ceedings .  .  .  June  2-4,  1952.  Washington, 
G.P.O.,   1953.     Pp.   183. 

Collective  Bargaining 

4.  National      Planning      Association. 

American  Velvet  Company  and  Textile 
Workers  Union  of  America;  a  Case  Study, 
by  George  S.  Paul.  Washington,  1953. 
Pp.  59.  (This  is  the  Association's  Causes 
of  Industrial  Peace  under  Collective 
Bargaining,   Case  Study   No.   11.) 


75802— U 


105' 


5.  Schaffner,      Margaret      Anna.        The 

Labour  Contract  from  Individual  to  Collec- 
tive Bargaining.  Madison,  University  of 
Wisconsin,  1907.    Pp.  182. 

Economic  Conditions 

6.  Committee  for  Economic  Develop- 
ment. Britain's  Economic  Problem  and  its 
Meaning  for  America;  a  statement  on 
national  policy  by  the  Research  and  Policy 
Committee  of  the  Committee  for  Economic 
Development.    New  York,  1953.    Pp.  52. 

7.  Committee  for  Economic  Develop- 
ment. Flexible  Monetary  Policy:  What  it 
is  and  How  it  works;  a  statement  on 
national  policy  by  the  Research  and  Policy 
Committee  of  the  Committee  for  Economic 
Development.    New  York,  1953.    Pp.  35. 

8.  Marx,  Karl.  A  History  of  Economic 
Theories  from  the  Physiocrats  to  Adam 
Smith.  Edited  with  a  preface  by  Karl 
Kautsky.  New  York,  Langland  Press, 
1952.    Pp.  337. 

9.  Mills,  Frederick  Cecil.  Productivity 
and  Economic  Progress.  New  York, 
National  Bureau  of  Economic  Research, 
1952.    Pp.  36. 

10.  United  Nations  Economic  and  Social 
Council.  Economic  Commission  for  Asia 
and  the  Far  East.  Economic  Survey  of 
Asia  and  the  Far  East,  1952.  Prepared  by 
the  Research  and  Statistics  Division, 
Economic  Commission  for  Asia  and  the 
Far  East.     Bangkok,  1953.     Pp.  104. 

Housing 

11.  House  &  Garden.  Book  of  Building: 
40  Houses  &  Plans,  Remodelling,  Main- 
tenance. New  York,  Conde  Nast  Publica- 
tions, 1953.    Pp.  246. 

12.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Cooperative  Housing  in  the  United  States, 
1949  and  1950.  Washington,  G.P.O.,  1952. 
Pp.  133. 

Industrial  Relations 

13.  Employers'  Association  of  Chicago. 

Industrial  Relations  Survey,  1951.  Chicago, 
1952.    Pp.  16. 

14.  Great  Britain.  Ministry  of  Labour 
and  National  Service.  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Handbook.  An  Account  of  the 
Organization  of  Employers  and  Workpeople 
in  Great  Britain;  Collective  Bargaining  and 
Joint  Negotiating  Machinery;  Conciliation 
and  Arbitration ;  and  Statutory  Regulation 
of  Wages  in  Certain  Industries.  Rev.  ed. 
London,  H.M.S.O.,  1953.    Pp.  284. 

15.  Industrial  Relations  Research  Asso- 
ciation. Proceedings  of  the  Fifth  Annual 
Meeting  .  .  .  Chicago,  Illinois,  December 
28-29,  1952.  Edited  by  L.  Reed  Tripp. 
Madison,  Wis.,  1953.    Pp.  254. 


Industry 

16.  British   Iron   and    Steel   Federation. 

Annual  Report,  1952.  London,  1953.  1 
Volume. 

17.  Industrial  Development  Board  of 
Greater  Winnipeg.  Annual  Report  .  .  . 
1952.    Winnipeg,  1953.    Pp.  7. 

Labour  Bureaus 

18.  California.  Department  of  Indus- 
trial Relations.  Union  Labor  in  California, 
1952.    San  Francisco,  State  Printing  Office, 

1952.  Pp.  31. 

19.  Gambia  Labour  Department.  Annual 
Report,  1950.  Bathurst,  Government 
Printer,  1951.     1  Volume. 

20.  Gold  Coast.  Labour  Department. 
Report  for  1950/51.  Accra,  Government 
Printing  Department,  1952.    1  Volume. 

21.  Hawaii  (Ter.)  Department  of  Labor 
and  Industrial  Relations.  Annual  Report 
.  .  .  July  1,  1945  to  June  30, 1946.  Honolulu, 
1946.    Pp.  51. 

22.  International  Labour  Office. 
Organization  and  Working  of  National 
Labour  Departments.  Seventh  item  on  the 
agenda.    Geneva,  1953.    Pp.  92. 

23.  Nigeria'.  Department  of  Labour. 
Annual  Report,  1950/51.  Lagos,  Govern- 
ment Printer,  1952.     1  Volume. 

24.  Nova  Scotia.  Department  of  Labour. 
Annual  Report  .  .  .  for  the  Fiscal  Year 
April  1,  1951  to  March  31,  1952.  Halifax, 
Queen's  Printer,  1952.    Pp.  74. 

Labour  Supply 

25.  Long,     Clarence     Dickinson.        The 

Labor  Force  in  War  and  Transition,  Four 
Countries.  New  York,  National  Bureau  of 
Economic  Research,  1952.    Pp.  61. 

26.  Morin,  Alexander.  The  Organiz- 
ability  of  Farm  Labor  in  the  United 
States.  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Harvard  Uni- 
versity Press,  1952.    Pp.  102. 

27.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Manpower  Resources  in  Chemistry  and 
Chemical  Engineering.  Washington,  G.P.O., 
1953. 

28.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Occupational  Mobility  of  Scientists;  A 
Study  of  Chemists,  Biologists  and  Physicists 
with  Ph.D.  Degrees.     Washington,  G.P.O., 

1953.  Pp.  63. 

29.  U.S.  Bureau  of  the  Census.  Papers 
on  Labor  Force  Statistics  in  the  United 
Stales.  Prepared  under  the  supervision  of 
Calvert  L.  Dedrick.  Washington,  1952.  1 
Volume.  Prepared  for  a  group  of  European 
labor  force  statisticians  who  visited  the 
United  States,  February  24  to  March  31, 
1952,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Mutual 
Security  Agency  and  the  Organization  for 
European  Economic  Co-operation  (Mission 
TA-OEEC-105). 


1058 


30.  U.S.  Office  of  Defense  Mobilization. 

Manpower  for  Defense;  Policies  and  State- 
ments of  the  Office  of  Defense  Mobiliza- 
tion.   Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953.    Pp.  51. 

Labour   Unions 

31.  Japan.  Ministry  of  Labor.  Divi- 
sion   of    Labor    Statistics    and    Research. 

Labor  Union  in  Japan;  Survey  of  June 
1951.    Tokyo,  1952?    Pp.  175. 

32.  U.S.     Bureau    of    Labor     Statistics. 

Directory  of  Labor  Unions  in  the  United 
States,  1953;  National  and  International 
Unions,  State  Labor  Organizations.  Wash- 
ington, G.P.O.,  1953.    Pp.  46. 

33.  What  the  T.U.C.  is  doing.  Spring 
1953.  London,  Trades  Union  Congress, 
1953.    Pp.  47. 

Labouring  Classes 

34.  American  Labor  Education  Service. 

Annual  Report  .  .  .  1952.  New  York,  1953. 
Pp.  11. 

35.  Canada.  Unemployment  Insurance 
Commission.  National  Employment  Ser- 
vice. Unemployment  Assistance  in  the 
Post-War  Period.  Ottawa,  Department  of 
Labour,  1953.    Pp.  25. 

36.  Hours,  Joseph.  Le  Mouvement 
Ouvrier  Frangais.  Paris,  les  Editions 
Ouvrieres,  cl952.    Pp.  153. 

37.  International  Labour  Office. 
Protection  of  the  Health  of  Workers  in 
Places  of  Employment.  Fifth  item  on  the 
agenda.  Geneva,  1952-1953.  2  Volumes. 
At  head  of  title:  Report  V(l)-(2)  Inter- 
national Labour  Conference.  Thirty-sixth 
session,  1953. 

•  38.  Passfield,  Sidney  James  Webb, 
Baron.  The  Breaking-Up  of  the  Poor  Law: 
being  Part  One  of  the  Minority  Report  of 
the  Poor  Law  Commission,  edited,  with 
introduction,  by  Sidney  and  Beatrice  Webb. 
London,  Longmans  Green,  1909.    Pp.  601. 

39.  Passfield,  Sidney  James  Webb, 
Baron.  The  Public  Organization  of  the 
Labour  Market:  being  Part  Two  of  the 
Minority  Report  of  the  Poor  Law  Commis- 
sion; edited,  with  introduction  by  Sidney 
and  Beatrice  Webb.  London,  Longmans 
Green,  1909.    Pp.  345. 

Lumbering 

40.  Canadian  Pulp  and  Paper  Associa- 
tion. Reference  Tables,  April  1953.  Mont- 
real, 1953.    Pp.  31. 

41.  Koroleef,     Alexander     Michael. 

Logging  Mechanization  in  the  U.S.S.R.;  a 
Review  of  Russian  Data.  Montreal,  Pulp 
and  Paper  Research  Institute  of  Canada, 
1952.    Pp.  158. 


Occupations 

42.  Alway,  Lazelle  D.  Up  your  Alley,  a 
Mail  Survey  of  Pinboys.  New  York,  1953. 
Pp.  31. 

43.  National  Association  of  Manufac- 
turers of  the  United  States  of  America. 
Your  Opportunities  in  Science  and  Engi- 
neering.    New  York,  cl952.    Pp.  30. 

44.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Employment  Outlook  in  Metalworking 
Occupations  .  .  .  Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953. 
Pp.  186-224. 

45.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Federal  White-Collar  Workers,  Their  Occu- 
pations and  Salaries,  June  1951.  Washing- 
ton, G.P.O,  1953.    Pp.  43. 

Social  Conditions 

46.  British  Columbia.  University. 
Doukhobor    Research    Committee.       The 

Doukhobors  of  British  Columbia;  report  of 
the  Doukhobor  Research  Committee. 
Harry  B.  Hawthorn,  editor.  Vancouver, 
University  of  British  Columbia,  1952. 
Pp.  342. 

47.  Furnas,  J.  C.  Fair  Employment 
Practices  Commission — How  it  works  in 
Seven  States.  New  York,  Cowles  Maga- 
zines, Inc.,  cl951.    Pp.  3. 

48.  Minnesota.  Commission  on  Aging. 
Minnesota's  Aging  Citizens;  a  Report  on 
Their  Employment,  Recreation,  Living 
Arrangements,  Economic  Welfare.  St.  Paul, 
1953.    Pp.  68. 

49.  Osborne,  Ernest.  Democracy  begins 
in  the  Home.  1st  ed.  New  York,  Public 
Affairs  Committee,  1953.    Pp.  28. 

50.  Walton,  Eloise.  Let's  work  Together 
in  Community  Service.  New  York,  Public 
Affairs  Committee,  cl953.    Pp.  28. 

Social  Security 

51.  Inter- American  Committee  on  Social 
Security,  Consideration  of  the  Report  of 
the  Secretary  General.  Second  item  of  the 
agenda.  Mexico,  1952.  Pp.  4.  At  head 
of  title:  Inter-American  Conference  on 
Social  Security.  Permanent  Inter-American 
Committee.    General  Secretariat. 

52.  Inter- American  Committee  on  Social 
Security.  Election  of  the  Executive  Body. 
First  item  on  the  agenda.  Mexico,  1952. 
Pp.  5.  At  head  of  title:  Inter-American 
Conference  on  Social  Security.  Permanent 
Inter-American  Committee.  General 
Secretariat. 

53.  Inter-American  Committee  on  Social 
Security.  Family  Allowances  in  Canada, 
by  R.  B.  Curry,  national  director,  family 
allowances  and  old  age  security,  Depart- 
ment of  National  Health  and  Welfare. 
Mexico,   1952.     Pp.  18.     At  head  of  title: 


1059 


Inter-American  Conference  on  Social 
Security.  Fourth  session.  Item  III  of  the 
agenda. 

54.  Inter-American  Committee  on  Social 
Security.  Relations  with  International 
Organizations.  Third  item  of  the  agenda. 
Mexico,  1952.  Pp.  4.  At  head  of  title: 
Inter-American  Conference  on  Social 
Security.  Permanent  Inter-American  Com- 
mittee.   General  Secretariat. 

55.  Inter-American  Committee  on  Social 
Security.  Report  of  the  Secretary  General. 
Geneva,  1952.  Pp.  114.  At  head  of  title: 
Report  I.  Inter-American  Conference  on 
Social  Security.  Fourth  session,  Mexico, 
1952. 

Wages  and  Hours 

56.  International    Labour     Office. 

Guaranteed  Wages  in  the  Textile  Industry. 
Third  item  on  the  agenda.  Geneva,  1952. 
Pp.  101.  At  head  of  title:  Report  III. 
International  Labour  Organization.  Textile 
Committee.    Fourth  session,  Geneva,  1953. 

57.  New  York  (State)  Department  of 
Labor.  Division  of  Research  and 
Statistics.  Wages  and  Hours  in  the 
Children's  Camp  Industry  in  New  York 
State  Summer  1952.  New  York,  1952. 
Pp.  51,  20. 

58.  Quebec  (City).  Universite  Laval. 
Ecole  des  Sciences  Sociales.  Departe- 
ment  des  Relations  Industrielles.  Struc- 
ture des  Salaries.  Cinquieme  Congres  des 
Relations  Industrielles  de  la  Faculte  des 
Sciences  Sociales  de  l'Universite  Laval. 
Quebec,  1950.     Pp.  192. 

59.  Ross,  Arthur  Max.  The  Lessons  of 
Price  and  Wage  Controls.  Berkeley,  1953. 
Pp.  8. 

60.  National  Union  of  Railwaymen. 
Rates  of  Pay  and  Conditions  of  Service 
of  Railway  Workshop  Staff  employed  under 
the  Provisions  of  I.C.A.  No.  728  and 
R.S.N.C.  Min.  No.  577  and  Railway  Elec- 
trical Staff  employed  under  the  Provisions 
of  C.  on  P.  Award  2773.  4th  ed.  London, 
1953.    Pp.  127. 

61.  National  Union  of  Railwaymen. 
Rates  of  Pay  and  Conditions  of  Service 
of  Salaried  and  Conciliation  Staff  employed 
by  Railway  Executive.  8th  ed.  London, 
1952.    Pp.  336. 

62.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Union  Wages  and  Hours:  Motortruck 
Drivers  and  Helpers,  July  1,  1952.  Wash- 
ington, G.P.O.,  1953.    Pp.  39. 

Women — Employment 

63.  U.S.  Department  of  Labor. 
Women's  Advisory  Committee  on  Defense 
Manpower.  Annual  Report,  1951/52. 
Washington,  1952.     1  Volume. 


64.  U.S.  Women's  Bureau.  Women- 
power  Committees  during  World  War  II, 
United  Slates  and  British  Experience. 
Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953.    Pp.  73. 

Workmen's   Compensation 

65.  New  York  (State)  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation Board.  Annual  Report,  1952. 
Albany,  1953.    Pp.  43,  17. 

66.  Newfoundland.  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation    Board.       Annual     Report   .   .   . 

1952.  St.    John's,    Queen's    Printer,    1953. 
Pp.  44. 

67.  Nova  Scotia.  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation Board.  Report  for  1952. 
Halifax,  Queen's  Printer,  1953.     Pp.  26. 

68.  Ontario.  Workmen's  Compensa- 
tion Board.  Report  for  1952.  Toronto, 
Queen's  Printer,  1953.     Pp.  34. 

69.  Saskatchewan.  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation Board.  Twenty-third  Annual 
Report  .  .  .  1952.    Regina,  Queen's  Printer, 

1953.  Pp.  23. 

Youth — Employment 

70.  International     Harvester     Company. 

Apprenticeship      Standards.        [Hamilton? 
n.d.]     Pp.  9. 

71.  International  Labour  Office. 
The  Minimum  Age  of  Admission  to  work 
Underground  in  Coal  Mines.  Geneva,  1952- 
1953.  2  Volumes.  At  head  of  title:  Report 
VI.  International  Labour  Conference. 
Thirty-sixth  session,  Geneva,  1953. 

72.  U.S.  Interdepartmental  Committee 
on  Children  and  Youth.  Youth;  the 
Nation's  Richest  Resource,  Their  Educa- 
tion and  Employment  Needs.  A  report, 
1951.    Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953.    Pp.  54. 

Miscellaneous 

73.  Council  of  Profit  Sharing  Indus- 
tries. Profit  Sharing,  the  Keystone  of 
Industrial  Peace.  Proceedings  of  the  Fifth 
Annual  Conference,  Benjamin  Franklin 
Hotel,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  Novem- 
ber 6  and  7,  1952.    Akron,  cl953.    Pp.  120. 

74.  International  Association  of  Gov- 
ernment Labor  Officials.  Labor  Laws  and 
their  Administration.  Proceedings  of  the 
Thirty-Fifth  Convention  .  .  .  San  Juan, 
April  28-May  1,  1952.  Washington,  G.P.O., 
1953.    Pp.  101. 

75.  Joint  Expert  Committee  on  the 
Physically  Handicapped  Child.  First 
report.  Geneva,  World  Health  Organiza- 
tion, 1952.  Pp.  26.  The  Committee  was 
convened  by  WHO  with  the  participation 
of  United  Nations,  ILO,  and  UNESCO. 

76.  Lake  Carriers'  Association.  Annual 
Report  .  .  .  1952.  Cleveland,  1953.  Pp. 
162. 


1060 


77.  Parliamentary  Conference  on  World 
Government.  2nd,        London,        1952. 

Report  of  the  Second  London  Parlia- 
mentary Conference  on  World  Government, 
September  20-26,  1952.  Edited  by  Gilbert 
McAllister.  London,  World  Association  of 
Parliamentarians  for  World  Government, 
1953.     Pp.   187. 

78.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Industrial  Research  and  Development,  a 
Preliminary  Report.  Washington,  G.P.O., 
1953.     Pp.  42. 

79.  U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Com- 
mittee on  Armed   Services.     Investigation 


of  the  Preparedness  Program.  Fortieth 
report  of  the  Preparedness  Investigating 
Subcommittee  of  the  Committee  on  Armed 
Services,  United  States  Senate  under  the 
authority  of  S.  Res.  263,  82nd  Congress. 
Report  on  the  utilization  of  manpower  by 
the  armed  services.  Tables  of  organization. 
Washington,  G.P.O.,  1952.     Pp.  19. 

80.  Van  Eenam,  Weltha.  Analysis  of 
846  Group  Annuities  underwritten  in  1946- 
50,  by  Weltha  Van  Eenam  and  Martha  E. 
Penman.  Washington,  Social  Security 
Administration,  Division  of  the  Actuary, 
1952.     Pp.  64. 


Decisions  of  the  Umpire 

(Continued  from  page  1048) 
voluntary  action  and  not  upon  the  motives 
which  led  to  it.  The  morality  of  the 
motives  is  not  questioned,  precisely  because 
the  legislator  in  Section  39  of  the  Act,  and 
quite  rightly  so,  does  not  concern  himself 
wth  the  merit  of  labour  disputes. 

Section  39  deals  with  matters  which 
spring  from  conflicts  of  interests  between 
two  parties  who  are  contributors  to  the 
Unemployment  Insurance  Fund  and  it 
stands  to  reason  that  it  was  not  the  intent 
of  the  legislator  that  moneys  in  which 
both  have  a  proprietary  interest  should  be 
used  for  the  benefit  of  one  in  the  pursuit 
or  the  furtherance  of  an  economic  battle 
against  the  other. 

When  a  worker,  because  of  his  convic- 
tions, his  conscience  or  his  faith  in  the 
principles  of  his  union,  refuses  to  cross  a 
picket  line  and  thereby  withdraws  his 
labour,  he,  in  effect,  sides  with  the  strikers 
and  adds  strength  to  their  cause.  If  we 
were  to  accept  the  Congress'  arguments  as 
valid,  it  would  mean  that  unions,  with 
subsidies  from  the  Fund,  could  paralyse 
a  whole  industry  to  the  detriment  not  only 
of  the  employer  but  of  the  public  at  large. 


I  do  not  agree  therefore  with  the  con- 
tention that  my  predecessor  and  I  have 
introduced  and  preserved  an  unduly  rigid 
interpretation  of  Section  39  in  regard  to 
cases  like  the  present  one.  The  language 
and  context  of  that  section  cannot  be 
strained  to  include  exemptions  equivalent 
to  the  exercise  of  what  virtually  could 
become  an  economic  blockade  by  organized 
labour.  It  is  true  that  the  legislator  in 
Section  40(2)  (a)  has  recognized  the  right 
of  a  worker  to  refuse  employment  which 
arises  in  consequence  of  a  stoppage  of  work 
due  to  a  labour  dispute  but  then  there  is 
no  legal  relationship  between  the  prospec- 
tive employer  and  the  claimant  and  the 
consequences  are  not  the  same. 

In  concluding,  I  might  say  that  if  in 
cases  of  refusal  to  cross  picket  lines  where 
no  actual  violence  is  displayed,  satisfactory 
evidence  is  adduced  that  the  workers 
refrained  from  doing  so  on  account  of  a 
legitimate  fear  of  reprisals  against  them, 
their  families  or  material  possessions,  they 
are  not  participating  within  the  meaning 
of  subsection  (2)  of  Section  39  of  the  Act. 

The  appeal  is  dismissed. 


1061 


Labour  Statistics 


Page 
A— Labour  Force 

D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey 

Table  A-l — Estimated  Distribution  of  Canadian  Manpower 1063 

Table  A-2— Persons  Looking  for  Work  in  Canada 1063 

Table  A-3— Regional  Distributions,  Week  Ended  February  21,  1953 1064 

Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 

Table  A^ — Distribution  of  All  Immigrants  by  Region 1064 

Table  A-5 — Distribution  of  Workers  Entering  Canada  by  Occupations 1065 


B— Labour  Income 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics  Monthly  Estimates  of  Labour  Income 
Table  B-l — Estimates  of  Labour  Income 1065 


C— Employment,  Hours  and  Earnings 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics:  Employment  and  Payrolls 

Table  C-l — Employment  Index  Numbers  by  Provinces 1066 

Table  C-2 — Employment,  Payrolls  and  Weekly  Wages  and  Salaries 1066 

Table  C-3 — Summary  of  Employment,  Payrolls  and  Average  Weekly  Wages  and  Salaries 1067 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings 

Table  C-4 — Hours  and  Earnings  in  Manufacturing 1068 

Table  C-5 — Hours  and  Earnings  in  Manufacturing  by  Provinces  and  Cities 1068 

Table  C-6 — Hours  and  Earnings  by  Industry 1069 

Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 
Table  C-7— Real  Earnings  in  Manufacturing 1070 


D— Employment  Service  Statistics 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 

Table  D-l — Unfilled  Vacancies  and  Unplaced  Applicants  as  at  First  of  Month 1071 

Table  D-2— Unfilled  Vacancies  by  Industry  and  by  Sex 1072 

Table  D-3 — Unfilled  Vacancies  and  Unplaced  Applicants  by  Occupation  and  by  Sex 1073 

Table  D-4 — Activities  of  National  Employment  Service  Offices 1074 

Table  D-5 — Applications  and  Placements  Since  1943 1079 

E — Unemployment  Insurance 

Unemployment  Insurance  Commission  and  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
Report  on  the  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Table  E-l— Number  Receiving  Benefit  with  Amount  Paid 1080 

Table  E-2— Persons  Signing  the  Live  Unemployment  Register  by  Number  of  Days  Continu- 
ously on  the  Register 1080 

Table  E-3 — Claims  for  Benefit  by  Provinces  and  Disposal  of  Claims 1081 

Table  E-4 — Claimants  Not  Entitled  to  Benefit  with  Reasons  for  Non-Entitlement 1082 

Table  E-5— Estimates  of  the  Insured  Population ' 1082 

Table  E-6 — Unemployment  Insurance  Fund 1083 

Table  E-7— Claims  for  Supplementary  Benefit,  April,  1953 1084 


F— Prices 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 

Table  F-l— Index  Numbers  of  the  Cost  of  Living  in  Canada 1085 

Table  F-la — Consumer  Price  Index  Numbers,  Canada 1086 

Table  F-2— Index  Numbers  of  the  Cost  of  Living  for  Nine  Cities  of  Canada 1087 

Table  F-3— Index  Numbers  of  Staple  Food  items 1087 

Table  F-4— Retail  Prices  of  Staple  Foods  and  Coal  by  Cities 1088 

Table  F-5 — Index  Numbers  of  the  Cost  of  Living  in  Canada  and  Other  Countries 1092 

Table  F-6— Index  Numbers  of  Wholesale  Prices  in  Canada 1093 


G— Strikes  and  Lockouts 

Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 

Table  G-l— Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada  by  Month 1094 

Table  G-2 — Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada  During  May 1095 

1062 


A — Labour  Force 


TABLE  A-l.— ESTIMATED  DISTRIBUTION  OF  CANADIAN  MANPOWER 

(Thousands  of  persons  14  years  of  age  and  over) 
Source:   D.B.S.   Labour  Force  Survey 


Total  civilian  noninstitutional  population 

A.  Civilian  labour  force 

Persons  at  work 

35  hours  or  more 

Less  than  35  hours 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

(a)  laid  off  for  part  of  the  week 

(b)  on  short  time 

(c)  lost  job  during  the  week 

(d)  found  job  during  the  week 

(e)  bad   weather 

(f)  illness 

(g)  in  dustrial  dispute 

(h)  vacation 

(i)    other 

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours 

Persons  with  jobs  not  at  work 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

(a)  laid  off  for  full  week 

(b)  bad  weather 

(c)  illness 

(d)  industrial  dispute 

(e)  vacation 

(f)  other 

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours 

Persons  without  jobs  and  seeking  work  (1) 

B.  Persons  not  in  the  labour  force 

(a)  permanently  unable  or  too  old  to  work. . 

(b)  keeping  house 

(c)  going  to  school 

(d)  retired  or  voluntarily  idle 

(e)  other 


Week  Ended  April  18,  1953 


Total 


10,002 

5,241 

4,941 

4,645 

296 

104 

* 

24 


192 
135 


131 
27 


165 

4,761 
175 

3,338 

681 

547 

20 


Males        Females 


4,993 
4,097 
3,834 
3,674 
160 


20 


72 
112 


109 
24 


50 


151 

S9G 
117 

346 

419 

12 


5,009 

1,144 

1,107 

971 

136 


120 

23 


14 

3,865 
58 

3,336 
335 
128 


Week  Ended  March  21, 1953 


Total 


5,192 

4,859 

4,534 

325 

130 

10 

31 


23 


195 
101 


157 
39 


172 

4,794 
188 

3,342 

685 

555 

24 


Males 


4,984 
4,064 
3,772 
3,585 
187 
111 

26 


70 
134 


131 

36 


158 

920 
122 
i 

348 
434 

15 


Females 


5,002 

1,128 

1,087 

949 

138 

19 


119 

27 


14 

3,874 
66 

3,341 
337 
121 


(')  Included  here  are  only  those  who  did  not  work  during  the  entire  survey  week  and  were  reported  looking  for  work. 
For  all  those  who  were  reported  as  seeking  work  during  the  survey  week,  see  Table  A-2. 
*  Less  than  10,000. 


TABLE  A-2.— PERSONS  LOOKING  FOR  WORK  IN  CANADA 

(Estimates  in  thousand) 
Source:  D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey 


Week    Ended    April 

18,    1953 

Week  Ended  March  21,  1953 



Total 

Seeking 
Full-Time 
Work 

Seeking 
Part-Time 

Work 

Total 

Seeking 

Full-Time 

Work 

Seeking 

Part-Time 

Work 

176 

165 
46 
62 
42 
10 

11 

* 
* 

158 
151 

18 
14 

184 

172 
46 

77 

38 

* 

* 

12 

* 
* 

167 
158 

17 

14 

7—12  months 

Worked 

* 
* 
* 

* 
* 
* 

* 
* 
* 

, 

* 

* 

Less  than  10,000. 


1063 


TABLE  A-3.— REGIONAL  DISTRIBUTIONS,  WEEK  ENDED  APRIL  18,  1953 

(Estimates  in  thousands) 


— 

Canada 

Nfld. 

P.E.I. 

N.S. 
N.B. 

Que. 

Ont. 

Man. 
Sask. 
Alta. 

B.C. 

The  Labour  Force 

5,241 

837 

4,404 

4,097 

808 

3,289 

1,144 

29 

1,115 

5,241 
483 

721 
2,444 
1,387 

206 

101 

100 

81 

80 

20 

20 

101 
13 
18 
44 
24 
* 

391 

55 

336 

319 

53 

266 

72 

* 

70 

391 

36 

52 

182 

104 

17 

1,507 

213 

1,294 

1,162 
208 
954 

345 

340 

1,507 
176 
236 
701 
354 
40 

1,867 

203 

1,664 

1,442 

193 

1,249 

425 

10 
415 

1,867 
144 
236 
880 
523 
84 

945 
344 

601 

759 
334 
425 

186 

10 

176 

945 
87 
130 
428 
257 
43 

430 

21 

409 

334 

19 

315 

96 

* 

94 

430 

27 

49 

209 

125 

20 

Persons  with  Jobs 

5,076 
3,946 
1,130 

833 
4,243 

3,821 

2,797 
1,024 

89 
69 
20 

* 
88 

69 
52 
17 

367 

297 

70 

55 
312 

274 

211 

63 

1,446 

1,106 

340 

212 
1,234 

1,110 
799 
311 

1,829 

1,408 

421 

201 
1,628 

1,479 

1,093 

386 

930 
746 

184 

344 

586 

537 
375 
162 

415 

320 

95 

20 

395 

352 

267 

85 

Persons  without  Jobs  and  Seeking  Work 
Both  sexes 

165 

12 

24 

61 

38 

15 

15 

Persons  not  in  the  Labour  Force 

4,761 

896 

3,865 

137 
42 
95 

453 

95 

358 

1,310 

229 

1,081 

1,575 

262 

1,313 

852 
167 
685 

434 

Males 

Females 

101 
333 

than  10,000. 


TABLE  A-4.— DISTRIBUTION  OF  ALL  IMMIGRANTS  BY  REGION 

Source:  Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 


Month 

Atlantic 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Prairies 

B.C. 
Yukon 
N.W.T. 

Canada 
Total 

Adult 
Males 

1949— Total 

2,777 
2,198 
3,928 
4,531 

1,544 

1,446 

18,005 
13,575 
46,033 
35,318 

14,129 

7,007 

48,607 
39,041 
104,842 
86,059 

33,733 

20,403 

17,904 
12,975 
25,165 
23,560 

7,654 

6,768 

7,924 
6,123 
14.423 
15,030 

5,180 

3,431 

95,217 
73,912 
194,391 
164,498 

62,240 

39,055 

39,044 

1950— Total 

30,700 

1951— Total 

95,818 

1952— Total 

66,083 

1952— Jan.— Apr 

28,967 

1953— Jan.— Apr 

15,690 

1064 


TABLE  A-5.— DISTRIBUTION  OF  WORKERS  ENTERING  CANADA  BY  OCCUPATIONS 

Source:  Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 


Month 

5      a 
C      ° 

ST0'" 

§      2 

"3 

6 

B   1 

If! 

1    1 

Is     — 

0  .3 

a  §  g 

1  E 

o 

1 

3 

"3 
u 

bo 

.S   M^ 
aJh-5 

.13 
M  c 

C    OJ    g 

ill 

"Hi 

03   (U   o 

3 
O 

S3 

2 

1 
O 

tn 
o 

O 

"o 

1951— Total 

4,001 
7,054 

2,025 

2,507 

5,317 
6,900 

2,288 

1,613 

25,890 
16,971 

6,961 

4,614 

5,402 
1,526 

601 

311 

114,786 

1952    Total 

85,029 

1952— Jan.— Apr 

1953— Jan.— Apr 

35,392 

444 

897 

2,968 

179 

6,257 

1,237 

21,027 

Due  to  changes  in  occupational  classifications,  comparisons  with  earlier  periods  can  not  be  made  for"all  groups. 
Where  possible,  comparisons  are  indicated  in  the  above  table. 


B — Labour  Income 


TABLE  B-l.— ESTIMATES  OF  LABOUR  INCOME 

($  Millions) 
Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


1943— Average. . . 
1944 — Average.  .  . 
1945 — Average.  . . 
1946 — Average .  . . 
1947 — Average.  . . 
1948— Average .  . . 
*1949 — Average.  . 
1950 — December . 


1951— January 

February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November. 
December . 


1952 — January 

February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November. 
December. 


1953— January... 
February . 
March 


Agricul- 
ture, 
Forestry, 

Fishing, 
Trapping, 

Mining 


Manu- 
facturing 


168 
171 
156 
147 
177 
203 
214 
250 

248 
250 
256 
261 
265 
271 
272 
275 
280 
279 
279 
285 

278 
283 
288 
289 
290 
290 
293 
303 
310 
311 
316 
323 

315 
320 
323 


Construc- 
tion 


Utilities 
Transport- 
ation, 
Communi- 
cation, 
Storage, 
Trade 


95 
100 
114 
134 
154 
169 
192 

188 
189 
193 
198 
203 
210 
211 
213 
216 
217 
221 
221 

213 
214 
215 
219 
225 
229 
231 
232 
234 
236 
240 
242 

246| 

233 

234 


Finance 
Services, 
(including) 
Govern- 
ment) 


78 
83 
90 
103 
114 
131 
147 
162 

163 
161 
174 
170 
176 
178 
178 
179 
182 
187 
190 
187 


194 
194 
195 
199 
202 
203 


204 

208 
207 

203 
209 
214 


Supple- 
mentary 
Labour 
Income 


Total 


399 
412 
413 
444 

518 
597 
647 
745 

734 
733 
753 

768 
797 
822 
829 
839 
855 
865 
872 
865 


858 
862 
862 
885 
900 
916 
928 
942 
951 
960 
958 

931 


*  Includes  Newfoundland,  since  1949.        t  Includes'retroactive  wage  payment  to  railway  employees. 


1065 


C — Employment,   Hours  and  Earnings 

TABLE  C-l.— EMPLOYMENT  INDEX  NUMBERS  BY  PROVINCES 

(Average  calendar  year  1939  =  100)        (The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision) 
Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 
Tables  C-l  to  C-3  are  based  on  reports  from  employers  having  15  or  more  employees— At  April  1,  employers  In 
i  lie  principal  non-agricultural  industries  reported  a  total  employment  of  2,373,323. 


Year  and  Month 


-a 

111 


X& 


or 


.3 

m  p 
'Co 

mo 


1947 — Average. 
1948 — Average. 
1949 — Average. 
1950— Average. 
1951— Average. 
1952— Average . 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Jan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Apr. 


Percentage  Distribution  of  Employees  of  Report- 
ing Establishments  at  April  1, 1953 


1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 

1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 


158-3 
165-0 
165-5 
168-0 
180-2 
184-7 

181-0 
177-8 
1780 
177-9 
177-4 
182-5 
185-5 
188-8 
190-6 
192-6 
192-3 
192-2 

187-0 
182-5 
182-0 
181-8 


100-0 


146-5 
161-0 
157-0 
173-1 
176-8 
193-4 

175-2 
183-4 
160-6 
213-4 
175-6 
191-7 
199-4 
207-9 
209-2 
205-4 
199-8 
199-0 

184-4 
176-5 
167-6 
168-0 


0-2 


137-2 
148-4 
149-0 
142-5 
149-4 
155-0 

149-2 
150-9 
146-7 
148-9 
146-2 
151-5 
160-6 
160-4 
163-8 
163-6 
160-2 
158-0 

154-5 
151  1 
146-7 
145-9 


3-5 


172-7 
174-2 
165-6 
169-9 
180-5 
181-3 

190-7 
186-3 
185-3 
192-4 
167-4 
174-6 
178-6 
172-3 
183-5 
186-0 
177-1 
180-9 

178-9 
167-3 
164-3 
160-8 


2-4 


150-9 
156-2 
154-3 
155-0 
168-5 
175-0 

171-7 
1690 
169-6 
166-4 
164-2 
170-9 
177-3 
183-5 
179-3 
182-1 
182-8 
183-1 

175-6 
171-3 
170-6 
168-9 


28-9 


163-9 
171-2 
173-1 
177-7 
191-0 
193-8 


190-3 
187-6 
187 

1ST 

188 
191 
196 
195 
198 
200 
200 
200 


198-2 
195-7 
195-4 
195-9 


43-9 


1560 
162-0 
166-7 
168-0 
173-2 
176-7 

1730 
169-1 
167-8 
168-8 
170-9 
176-6 


183-9 

177-9 
173-3 
170-9 
171-2 


5-1 


135-8 
139-0 
139-7 
140-8 
148-1 
155-7 

152-1 
142-4 
141-7 
1420 
147-3 
158-5 
162-3 
166- 1 
164-2 
162-4 
164-2 
164-7 

158-5 
148-4 
147-6 
147-4 


2-2 


158-9 
168-9 
180-3 
188-5 
202-6 
217-9 

206-0 
201-7 
201-8 
201-6 
207-0 
214-1 
222-4 
231-5 
235-3 
230-7 
231-3 
231-6 

226-6 
219-3 
221-3 
220-1 


4-9 


186-4 
179-9 
183-9 
188-6 


192-7 
195-1 
171-2 
183-9 
201-9 
206-3 
205-2 
200-8 

190-7 
181-1 
183-1 


8-9 


Note: — The  percentage  distribution  given  above  shows  the  proportion  of  employees  in  the  indicated  province,  to 
the  total  number  of  employees  reported  in  Canada  by  the  firms  making  returns  at  the  latest  date. 


TABLE  C-2.— EMPLOYMENT,  PAYROLLS  AND  WEEKLY  WAGES  AND  SALARIES 

(1939  =  100)         (The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision) 
Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 


Industrial  Composite1 

Manufacturing 

Year  and  Month 

Index  Numbers 

Average 

Weekly 

Wages  and 

Salaries 

Index  Numbers 

Average 

Weekly 

Wages  and 

Salaries 

Employ- 
ment 

Aggregate 
Weekly 
Payrolls 

Average 

Wages  and 

Salaries 

Employ- 
ment 

Aggregate 
Weekly 
Payrolls 

Average 
Wages  and 
Salaries 

1939— Ave 

1947— Ave 
1948— Ave 
1949— Ave 
1950— Ave 
1951— Ave 
1952-Ave 

100-0 

158-3 
165-0 
165-5 
168-0 
180-2 
184-7 

181-0 

177-8 
178-0 
177-9 
177-4 
182-5 
185-5 
188-8 
190-6 
192-6 
192-3 
192-2 

187-0 
182-5 
182-0 
181-8 

100-0 

245-2 
282-9 
303-7 
321-8 

381-3 
426-1 

388-8 
402-9 
409-0 
411-5 
410-6 
420-2 
426-3 
433-3 
442-7 
452-2 
455-8 
459-5 

428-7 
441-1 
445-0 
443-8 

100-0 

154-4 
170-9 
183-3 
191-3 
211-6 
230-9 

215-1 
226-9 
230-2 
231-7 
231-8 
230-7 
230-2 
229-9 
232-7 
235-2 
237-4 
239-4 

229-6 
242-0 
244-9 
244-5 

$ 
23.44 

36.19 

40.06 
42  96 
44.84 
49.61 
54.13 

50.42 
53.19 
53.95 
54.32 
54.34 
54  08 
53.96 
53.89 
54.55 
55.12 
55.65 
56.12 

53.81 
56  72 
57.40 
57.31 

100-0 

171-0 
1760 
175-9 
177-5 
190-0 
192-4 

183-6 
185-2 
187-3 
188-3 
188-7 
190-9 
191-4 
194-1 
198-5 
200-8 
199-8 
199-6 

196-3 
197-6 
199-5 
200-8 

100-0 

272-7 
3141 
339-2 
360-2 
427-6 
474-0 

417-8 
449-9 
458-0 
467-2 
468-4 
470-1 
470-1 
474-6 
490-9 
503-0 
505-7 
512-2 

473-2 
510-3 
518-7 
523-9 

1000 

159-5 
178-5 
192-9 
202-8 
224-9 
246-2 

227-4 
242-9 
244-5 
248-1 
248-1 
246-2 
245-5 
244-4 
247-3 
250-5 
253-0 
256-5 

241-0 
258-1 

260-0 
260-9 

s 

22.79 

36.34 

40.67 

rage 

43  97 
46.21 

51.25 

56.11 

1952 

51.82 

Feb.        1 

1952 

55.36 

Mar.        1 

1952 

55  73 

Apr.         1 

1952 

56  55 

xlay        1 

1952 

56.55 

June         1 

1952 

56.10 

July         1 

1952 

55 .  95 

1952 

55  71 

Sept.       1 

1952 

56  36 

Oct.         1 

1952 

57  09 

Nov.       1 

1952 

57  66 

Dec.        1 

1952 

58.46 

Jan.         1 
Feb.        1 
Mar.        1 
Apr.         1 

1953 

54  93 

1953 

58  83 

1953 

59.25 

1953 

59.45 

1  Includes  (1)  Forestry  (chiefly  logging),  (2)  Mining  (including  milling),  quarrying  and  oil  wells,  (3)  Manufacturing 
(4)  Construction,  (5)  Transportation,  storage  and  communication,  (6)  Public  utility  operation,  (7)  Trade.  (8)  Finance, 
insurance  and  real  estate  and  (9)  Service,  (mainly  hotels,  restaurants,  laundries,  dry  cleaning  plants,  business  and  recre- 
ational service). 

1066 


TABLE  C-3.— AREA  AND  INDUSTRY  SUMMARY  OF  EMPLOYMENT,  PAYROLLS 
AND  AVERAGE  WEEKLY  WAGES  AND  SALARIES 

(1939  =  100) 

Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 


Area  and  Industry 


Index  Numbers  (1939  =  100) 


Employment 


Apr.  1     Mar.  1 
1953         1953 


Apr.  1 
1952 


Payrolls 


Apr.  1 
1953 


Mar.  1      Apr.  1 
1953         1952 


Average  Weekly 
Wages  and  Salaries 


Apr.  1 
1953 


Mar.  1 
1953 


Apr.  1 
1952 


(a)  Provinces 

Prince  Edward  Island 

Nova  Scotia 

New  Brunswick 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Manitoba 

Saskatchewan 

Alberta 

British  Columbia 

CANADA 

(b)  Metropolitan  Areas 

Sydney 

Halifax 

Saint  John 

Quebec 

Sherbrooke 

Three  Rivers 

Drummondville 

Montreal 

Ottawa— Hull 

Peterborough 

Oshawa 

Niagara  Falls 

St.  Catharines 

Toronto 

Hamilton 

Brantford 

Gait 

Kitchener 

Sudbury 

London 

Sarnia 

Windsor 

Sault  Ste.  Marie 

Ft.  William— Pt.  Arthur 

Winnipeg 

Regina 

Saskatoon 

Edmonton 

Calgary 

Vancouver 

Victoria 

(c)  Industries 

Forestry  (chiefly  logging) 

Mining 

Manufacturing 

Durable  Goods  1 

Non-Durable  Goods 

Construction 

Transportation,  storage,  communi- 
cation   

Public  utility  operation 

Trade 

Finance,  insurance  and  real  estate 

Service  2 

Industrial  composite 


168-0 
145-9 
160-8 
168-9 
195-9 
171-2 
147-4 
220-1 
186-4 

181-8 


110-6 
218-0 
184-9 
161-8 
169-6 
157-9 
172-4 
186-9 
188-1 
191-0 
307-3 


307 

243' 

209 

207 

193' 

164 

183' 

182-9 

202-8 

314-8 

243-7 

256-3 

232-1 

174-1 

174-9 

190-6 

295-4 

228-6 

200-5 

227-5 


123-6 
120-4 
200-8 
263-1 
160-6 
156-9 

176-6 
192-3 
180-0 
182-5 
188-1 

181-8 


167-6 
146-7 
164-3 
170-6 
195-4 
170-9 
147-6 
221-3 
183-1 

182-0 


110-7 
215-6 
184-1 
159-3 
171-2 
156-3 
172-9 
185-1 
187-0 
190-1 
304-9 
304-7 
242-2 
207-5 
204-8 
201-4 
163-7 
182-8 
182-5 


200-5 
319-5 
238-7 
244-8 
226-6 
173-2 
173-5 
189-9 
292-7 
226-4 
200-2 
230-1 


168-7 
121-7 
199-5 
260-7 
160-0 
153-6 

175-9 
192-0 
178-3 
182-5 
187-5 

182-0 


213-4 
148-9 
192-4 
166-4 
187-6 
168-8 
142-0 
201-6 
188-6 

177-9 


110 
221 
201 
149 
168 
163 
186 
176 
185 
197 
246 
268 
236 
194 
201 
211 
150 
168 
176 
185 
294 
229 
228 
222 
168 
159 
186 
244 
213 
200 
221 


200-3 
122-3 
188-3 
241-3 
154-0 
159-6 

181-3 
186-9 
171-3 
178-2 
181-0 

177-9 


386-5 
333-4 
393-3 
435-2 
475-3 
363-5 
326-9 
499-6 
447-5 

443  8 


278-6 
445-2 
382-5 
406-5 
418-4 
423-3 
477-1 
454-1 
416-4 
548-0 


660-8 
494-2 
530-7 
527-8 
433-6 
476-6 
427-9 
465-4 
812-7 
618-1 
629-2 
540-1 
367-6 
383-5 
423-6 
720-7 
486-7 
466-1 
542-6 


426-5 
280-4 
523-9 


694- 
401 
507 


371-7 
424-7 
395-9 
326-4 
413-5 

443-8 


381-6 
335-9 
406-0 
440-6 
475-0 
362-7 
326-4 
502-4 
440-9 

445  0 


298-1 
425-6 
388-3 
396-0 
419-2 
413-5 
466-0 
448-4 
415-2 
547-2 
894-1 
889-8 
660-0 
488-6 
522-2 
553-9 
431-3 
473-1 
426-8 
459-9 
789-6 
592-1 
632-0 
533-4 
365-1 
376-5 
419-0 
700-0 
484-0 
464-5 
550-7 


601-6 
285-9 
518-7 
687-8 


397- 
503- 

374- 

427- 
391- 
315- 


445-0 


376-4 
331-8 
442-5 
406-5 
432-3 
337-1 
294-1 
429-9 
432-6 

411-5 


294 
436 
428 
346 
391 
412 
463 
400 
390 
544 
648 
716 
622 
434 
486 
590 
371 
409 
393 
404 
693 
554 
541 
505 
338 
334 
388 
530 
436 
445 
505 


348-8 
393-0 
359-1 
302-7 
366-3 

411-5 


45.80 
48.95 
49.74 
54.84 
19.47 
54.60 
53.70 
57.73 
62.42 

57.31 


56.31 
47.84 
44.31 
46.82 
47.95 
53.65 
52.97 
55.52 
51.19 
60.62 
68.11 
70.46 
66.59 
59.77 
61.93 
56.72 
54.20 
55.02 
70.24 
54.30 
71.48 
70.60 
65.10 
59.41 
51.54 
49.86 
49.18 
57.45 
54.90 
58.32 
57.15 


59.75 
67.19 
59.45 
64.13 
54.51 
60.75 

60.20 
65.05 
48.03 
52.07 
36.82 

57.31 


45.32 
49-05 
50.25 
54.98 
59.56 
54.58 
53.58 
57.76 
62.59 

57.40 


60.23 
46.23 
45.18 
46.30 
47.58 
52.92 
51.60 
55.36 
51.33 
60.79 
69.22 
70.53 
66.85 
59.51 
61.69 
57.13 
54.13 
54.87 
70.21 
54.28 
68.43 
69.05 
68.48 
60.11 
51.46 
49.33 
48.84 
56.32 
55.13 
58.21 
57.37 


61.72 
67.80 
59.25 
64.10 
54.15 
61.60 

60.93 
65.58 
47.99 
50.37 
36.59 

57.40 


35.09 
47.74 
46.67 
52.01 
56.49 
51.37 
50.21 
54.25 
59.63 

54.32 


59.59 
46.15 
45.63 
43.14 
45.15 
50.56 
47.75 
52.00 
48.74 
58.15 
62.28 
64.19 
64.51 
56.41 
58.54 
57.97 
50.67 
51.48 
66.78 
51.57 
65.36 
67.56 
63.01 
57.87 
48.88 
47.67 
46.32 
51.05 
52.77 
55.79 
54.67 


59.96 
65.88 
56  55 
60.95 
52.09 


55.04 
62.02 

45.82 
49.40 
33.81 

54.32 


1  Includes  wood  products,  iron  and  steel  products,  transportation  equipment,  non-ferrous  metal  products,  electrical 
apparatus  and  supplies  and  non-metallic  mineral  products.  The  non-durable  group  includes  the  remaining  manufacturing 
industries. 

2  Mainly  hotels,  restaurants,  laundries,  dry  cleaning  plants  and  business  and  recreational  services. 


1067 


Tables  C-4  to  C-6  are  based  on  reports  from  a  somewhat  smaller  number  of  firms  than  Tables  C-l  to  C-3. 
They  relate  only  to  wage-earners  for  whom  statistics  of  hours  of  work  are  also  available,  whereas  Tables  C-l  to 
C-3  relate  to  salaried  employees  as  well  as  to  all  wage-earners  of  the  co-operative  firms. 

TABLE  C-4.— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  IN  MANUFACTURING 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage-Earners)        Source:  Man-hours  and  Hourly  Earnings,  D.B.S. 


Year  and  Month 


1945— Average. 
1946— Average. 
1947 — Average. 
1948 — Average. 
1949 — Average. 
1950 — Average. 
1951 — Average. 
1952— Average. 


*Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

*Jan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Apr. 


1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 

1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 


All  Manufactures 


Average 
Hours 


No. 


44-3 
42-7 
42-5 
42-2 
42-3 
42-3 
41-8 
41-5 

38-1 
41-6 
41-7 
42-1 
41-9 
41-3 
41-3 
41-1 
41-6 
42-1 
42-1 
42-5 

38-3 
41-9 
42-1 
42-0 


Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 


cts. 


69-4 
70-0 
80-3 
91-3 
98-6 
103-6 
116-8 
129-2 

127-1 
127-1 
127-8 
129-0 
129-4 
129-7 
128-6 
128-9 
129-5 
129-9 
131-0 
132-1 

134-0 
134-2 
134-4 
135-0 


Average 
Weekly 
Wages 


30.74 
29.87 
34.13 
38.53 
41.71 
43.82 
48.82 
53.62 

48.43 
52.87 
53.29 
54.31 
54.22 
53.57 
53.11 
52.98 
53.87 
54.69 
55.15 
56-14 

51.32 
56.23 
56.58 
56.70 


Durable  Goods 


Average 
Hours 


No. 


44-7 
42.8 
42-7 
42-3 
42-5 
42.5 
42-0 
41-6 

38-3 
41-9 
41-8 
42-3 
42-1 
41-4 
41-4 
41-1 
41-8 
42-2 
42-1 
42-6 

38-5 
41-9 
42-4 
42-3 


Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 


cts. 


76-7 
76-4 
87-2 
98-4 
106-5 
112-0 
125-8 
139-8 

136-4 
137-5 
138-4 
139-6 
139-5 
139-6 
138-3 
139-4 
141-2 
141-8 
142-6 
143-6 

144-5 

145-7 
146-3 
146-8 


Average 
Weekly 
Wages 


34.28 
32.70 
37.23 
41.62 
45.26 
47.60 
52.84 
58.16 

52.24 
57.61 
57.85 
59.05 
58.73 
57.79 
57.26 
57.29 
59.02 
59.84 
60.03 
61.17 

55.63 
61.05 
62.03 
62.10 


Non-Durable  Goods 


Average 
Hours 


No. 


43-7 
42-6 
42-3 
42-0 
42-0 
42-2 
41-7 
41-3 

37-9 
41-2 
41-5 
41-8 
41-6 
41-3 
41-2 
41-1 
41-4 
42-0 
42-1 
42-2 

38-2 
41-8 
41-7 
41-8 


Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 


cts. 


60-7 
63.8 
73-4 
84-0 
90-6 
95-2 
107-2 
117-4 

116-8 
115-7 
116-0 
116-9 
117-8 
118-4 
117-9 
117-5 
116-8 
117-0 
118-4 
119-3 


121-8 
120-8 
120-7 
121-4 


Average 
Weekly 
Wages 


26.53 
27.18 
31.05 
35.28 
38.05 
40.17 
44.70 
48.49 

44.27 
47.67 
48.14 
48.86 
49.00 
48.90 
48.57 
48.29 
48.36 
49.14 
49.85 
50.34 

46.53 
50.49 
50.33 
50.75 


*The  averages  at  these  dates  were  affected  by  loss  of  working  time  at  the  year-end  holidays  in  the  case  of  January. 


TABLE  C-5.— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  IN  MANUFACTURING  BY  PROVINCES  AND 

CITIES 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage-Earners)        Source:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings,  D.B.S. 


Average  Hours  Worked 

Average  Hourly  Earnings 
(in  cents) 

Apr.  1, 
1953 

Mar.   1, 
1953 

Apr.  1, 

1952 

Apr.  1, 
1953 

Mar.  1, 
1953 

Apr.   1, 
1952 

41-4 
41-7 
42-1 
43-6 
41-7 
41-0 
41-3 
40-6 
38-1 

42-6 
41-1 
40-8 
43-7 
40-7 
37-7 

41-0 
41-3 
42-7 
43-6 
41-7 
410 
40-8 
40-5 
38-3 

42-6 
41-2 
40-5 
42-5 
40-8 
37-5 

42-2 
43-6 
43-8 
43-7 
41-4 
41-4 
41-8 
41-4 
38-7 

42-8 
40-8 
400 
43-0 
41-0 
38-2 

131-4 
121-1 
120-1 
120-8 
1430 
130  0 
135-0 
137-7 
164-0 

127-5 

142-8 
156-1 
165-1 
128-7 
160-6 

132-9 
119-9 
118-6 
120-1 
142-5 
129-2 
132-4 
137-8 
163-6 

126-9 
142-3 
155-0 
164-0 
127-9 
160-3 

126-6 

115-8 

112-4 

114-6 

137-2 

122-0 

129-4 

Alberta 

128-6 

158-6 

119-7 

135-5 

148-1 

162-7 

120-8 

155-2 

1068 


TABLE  C-6.— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  BY  INDUSTRY 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage-Earners) 
Source:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings,  D.B.S. 
(The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision) 


Industry 


Average  Hours 


Apr.  1  Mar.l  Apr.  I 
1953      1953      1952 


Average  Hourly 
Earnings 


Apr.  1  Mar.  1  Apr.  1 


1953 


1953 


1952 


Average  Weekly 
Wages 


Apr.  1  Mar.l  Apr.  1 
1953      1953      1952 


Mining 

Metal  mining 

Gold 

Other  metal 

Fuels 

Coal 

Oil  and  natural  gas 

Non-metal 

Manufacturing 

Food  and  beverages 

Meat  products 

Canned  and  preserved  fruits  and  vegetables 

Grain  mill  products 

Bread  and  other  bakery  products 

Distilled  and  malt  liquors 

Tobacco  and  tobacco  products 

Rubber  products 

Leather  products 

Boots  and  shoes  (except  rubber) 

Textile  products  (except  clothing) 

Cotton  yarn  and  broad  woven  goods 

Woollen  goods 

Synthetic  textiles  and  silk 

Clothing  (textile  and  fur) 

Men's  clothing 

Women's  clothing 

Knit  goods 

*Wood  products 

Saw  and  planing  mills 

Furniture 

Other  wood  products 

Paper  products 

Pulp  and  paper  mills 

Other  paper  products 

Printing,  publishing  and  allied  industries 

*Iron  and  steel  products 

Agricultural  implements 

Fabricated  and  structural  steel 

Hardware  and  tools 

Heating  and  cooking  appliances 

Iron  castings 

Machinery  manufacturing 

Primary  iron  and  steel 

Sheet  metal  products 

'Transportation  equipment 

Aircraft  and  parts 

Motor  vehicles 

Motor  vehicle  parts  and  accessories 

Railroad  and  rolling  stock  equipment 

Shipbuilding  and  repairing 

*  Non-ferrous  metal  products 

Aluminum  products 

Brass  and  copper  products 

Smelting  and  refining 

'Electrical  apparatus  and  supplies 

Heavy  electrical  machinery  and  equipment 
*Non-metallic  mineral  products 

Clay  products 

Glass  and  glass  products 

Products  of  petroleum  and  coal 

Chemical  products 

Medicinal  and  pharmaceutical  preparations. 

Acids,  alkalis  and  salts 

Miscellaneous  manufacturing  industries 

'Durable  goods 

Non-durable  goods 

Construction 

Buildings  and  structures 

Highways,  bridges  and  streets 

Electric  and  motor  transportation 

Service 

Hotels  and  restaurants 

Laundries  and  dry  cleaning  plants 


152 

154 
131 

168 
152 
147 
166 
145 
135 
116 
143 
104 
126 
102 
140 
123 
143 
94 
91 
107 
110 
102 
108 
95 
93 
101 
95 
120 
129 
108 
103 
149 
160 
118 
157 
151 
159 
157 
136 
132 
149 
144 
168 
142 
157 
157 
169 
156 
157 
145 
149 
138 
140 
161 
142 
158 
133 
124 
128 
178 
135 
112 
155 
109 
146 
121 
143 
156 
108 
132 
77 
76 
75 


cts. 

146  9 

146-2 
129-5 
158-3 
153-4 
150-2 
164-7 
136-6 
129-0 
111-0 
139-5 
96-9 
119-6 
97-1 
135-8 
120-5 
135-5 
89-6 
86-4 
102-5 
100-6 
100-6 
106-2 
91-2 
89-1 
95-3 
92-9 
116-5 
126-7 
103-0 
97-4 
141-6 
150-3 
111-3 
146-3 
144-3 
160-5 
147-6 
129-2 
125-2 
141-6 
135-7 
156-7 
133-7 
146-9 
148-1 
164-4 
150-7 
140-7 
135-3 
144-1 
131-1 
133-9 
157-6 
138-8 
149-3 
126-8 
119-8 
122-5 
168-0 
130-8 
104-8 
151-5 
103-9 
139-6 
116-9 
132-4 
141-1 
106-1 
125-1 
73-0 
72-1 
71-0 


63  79 

68.93 
61.24 
73.81 
54.45 
49.64 
73.05 
61.26 
56.70 
48.57 
59.39 
42.10 
53.76 
45.50 
57.87 
49.60 
60.13 
39.87 
38.67 
45.84 
44.27 
45.13 
49.61 
38.46 
38.08 
38.37 
39.62 
50.56 
53.02 
47.07 
45.58 
65.27 
70.69 
50.13 
63.11 
63.56 
62.01 
65.05 
58.70 
55.48 
64.80 
62.58 
68.66 
58.34 
67.24 
70.25 
75.64 
66.36 
63.15 
62.10 
61.88 
58.59 
59.60 
66.34 
59.51 
66.52 
59.05 
55.95 
59.17 
73.50 
56.81 
45.92 
64.65 
45.81 
62.10 
50.75 
59.86 
63.11 
47.80 
59.89 
32.85 
33.06 
31.50 


64.37 

68.66 
61.43 
72.96 
57.45 
53.26 
75.22 
62.14 
56  58 
47.47 
57.54 
41.09 
53.04 
44.73 
56.72 
47.94 
59.93 
39.61 
38.09 
45.75 
43.99 
45.36 
49.68 
38.33 
37.35 
39.22 
39.35 
50.50 
52.95 
47.28 
45.67 
65.07 
70.45 
50.04 
62.08 
63.74 
63.84 
66.62 
58.65 
55.37 
64.03 
61.96 
69.66 
58.76 
67.15 
72.09 
73.63 
66.16 
62.72 
62.44 
61.86 
59.14 
59.47 
66.70 
59.36 
66.72 
58.65 
54.73 
58.75 
71.96 
56.94 
46.17 
63.96 
45.80 
62.03 
50.33 
61.08 
64.23 
48.64 
60.38 
32.85 
33.53 
30.54 


63  31 

65.94 
60.35 
69.65 
61.05 
57.53 
76.26 
57.92 
54.31 
46.95 
59.43 
37.50 
51.79 
43.40 
56.22 
49.04 
56.50 
37.27 
36.29 
41.62 
36.82 
43.76 
47.05 
36.21 
35.91 
36.40 
36.79 
48.93 
52.20 
44.19 
42.95 
64.29 
70.34 
45.86 
58.23 
61.33 
65.16 
63.91 
55.17 
51.96 
61.31 
59.57 
65.19 
55.22 
62.58 
66.20 
71.19 
62.39 
57.12 
60.34 
60.09 
57.29 
57.04 
64.77 
56.91 
61.51 
55.54 
52.71 
54.64 
72.41 
55.07 
43.70 
63.65 
43.43 
59.05 
48.86 
56.01 
59.26 
44.67 
57.30 
31.17 
31-51 
29.32 


*  Durable  manufactured  goods  industries. 


1069 


TABLE  C-7.— EARNINGS,  HOURS  AND  REAL  EARNINGS  FOR  WAGE  EARNERS  IN 

MANUFACTURING   INDUSTRIES   IN    CANADA 

Source:  Hours  Worked  and  Hourly  and  Weekly  Wages,  D.B.S.  Real  Wages  computed  by  the  Economics  and  Research 

Branch,  Department  of  Labour. 


Date 


Average 

Hours 

Worked 

Per  Week 


Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 


Average 
Weekly 

Earnings 
(W.E.) 


Index  Numbers  (A v.  1949  =  100) 


Average 
Weekly 
Earnings 


Consumer 
Price 
Index 


Average 

Real 
Weekly 
Earnings 


Monthly 
Monthly 
Monthly 
Monthly 
Monthly 
Monthly 
Monthly 
Monthly 


Average  1945. 
Average  1946. 
Average  1947. 
Average  1948. 
Average  1949. 
Average  1950. 
Average  1951. 
Average  1952 . 


Week  Preceding: 
April  1 

May  1 

June  1 

July  1 

August  1 

September,  1 
October  1 
November  1 
December    1 

January  1 

February  1 

March  1 

April  1 


1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 


1953.... 
1953.... 
1953.... 
1953  (»). 


44-3 
42-7 
42-5 
42-2 
42-3 
42-5 
42-1 
41-7 


42-1 
41-7 


41-3 
41-1 
41-6 
42-1 
42-1 
42-5 


42-2: 
41-9 
42-1 
42-0 


cts. 
69-4 
70-0 
80-3 
91-3 
98-6 
103-6 
116.8 
129-2 


129-0 
129-4 
129-7 
128-6 
128-9 
129-5 
129-9 
131-0 
132-1 

134-0 
134-2 
134-4 
135-0 


$ 
30.71 
29  87 
34.13 
38.53 
41.71 
44.03 
49.15 
53.88 


54.31 
53  96 

53  57 
53.11 
52.98 
53.87 

54  69 
55.15 
56.14 

56.55 
56.23 
56.58 
56.70 


73-6 
71-6 
81-8 
92-4 
100-0 
105-6 
117.8 
129-2 


130-2 
129-4 
128-4 
127-3 
127-0 
129-2 
131-1 
132-2 
134-5 

135-6 
134-8 
135-7 
135-9 


75-0 
77-5 
84-8 
97-0 
100-0 
102-9 
113-7 
116-5 


116-8 
115-9 
116-0 
1161 
116-0 
116-1 
116-0 
116-1 
115-8 

115-7 
115-5 
114-6 
114-4 


98-1 
92-4 
96-5 
95-3 
100-0 
102-6 
103-6 
110-9 


111-5 
111-6 
110-7 
109-6 
109-5 
111-3 
113-0 
113-9 
116-1 

117-2 
116-7 
118-4 
118-8 


Note:    Average  Real  Weekly  Earnings  were  computed  by  dividing  the  Consumer  Price  Index  into  the  average 
weekly  earnings  index.     (Average  1949  =  100). 

*  Figures  adjusted  for  holidays.     The  actual  figures  are:  January  1,  1953,  38-3  hours,  $51.32. 
0)  Latest  figures  subject  to  revision. 


1070 


D — National  Employment  Service  Statistics 


Tables  D-l  to  D-5  are  based  on  regular 
statistical  reports  from  local  offices  of  the 
National  Employment  Service.  These 
statistics  are  compiled  from  two  different 
reporting  forms,  UIC  751:  statistical  report 
on  employment  operations  by  industry,  and 
UIC  757:  inventory  of  registrations  and 
vacancies  by  occupation.  The  data  on 
applicants  and  vacancies  in  these  two 
reporting  forms  are  not  identical. 

Form  UIC  751 :  This  form  provides  a 
cumulative  total  for  each  month  of  all 
vacancies  notified  by  employers,  applications 
made  by  workers,  and  referrals  and  place- 
ments made  by  the  National  Employment 
Service.  Also  reported  are  the  number  of 
vacancies  unfilled  and  applications  on  file 
at  the  beginning  and  end  of  each  reporting 
period.  Because  the  purpose  of  these  data 
is  to  give  an  indication  of  the  volume  of 
work  performed  in  various  local  National 
Employment  Service  offices,  all  vacancies 
and  applications  are  counted,  even  if  the 
vacancy  is  not  to  be  filled  until  some  future 
date  (deferred  vacancy)  or  the  application 
is  from  a  person  who  already  has  a  job 
and  wants  to  find  a  more  suitable  one. 

Form  UIC  757:  This  form  provides  a 
count  of  the  number  of  jobs  available  and 
applications  on  file  at  the  end  of  business 
on  a  specified  day.  Excluded  from  the  data 
on  unfilled  vacancies  are  orders  from 
employers  not  to  be  filled  until  some  future 
date.  The  data  on  job  applications  from 
workers  exclude  those  people  known  to  be 
already  employed,  those  known  to  be  regis- 


tered at  more  than  one  local  office  (the 
registration  is  countedby  the  "home"  office), 
and  registrations  from  workers  who  will  not 
be  available  until  some  specified  future  date. 

From  January  24,  1952,  to  December  24, 
1952,  inclusive,  unemployment  insurance 
claimants  on  temporary  mass  lay-offs  were 
not  registered  for  employment  and  thus  were 
not  included  in  the  statistics  reported  on 
form  UIC  751  and  form  UIC  757.  A 
temporary  mass  lay-off  was  defined  as  a 
lay-off  either  for  a  determinate  or  indeter- 
minate period  which  affected  50  or  more 
workers  and  where  the  workers  affected,  so 
far  as  was  known,  were  returning  to  work 
Avith  the  same  employer.  Commencing  15 
days  after  the  date  of  <  such  a  lay-off, 
claimants  still  on  the  live  insurance  register 
were  registered  for  employment  on  their  next 
visit  to  the  office  and  henceforth  were 
counted  in  both  statistical  reporting  forms. 
This  procedure  is  no  longer  in  effect,  as  all 
workers  on  temporary  mass  lay-offs  now  are 
registered  for  employment  and  so  counted  in 
the  statistical  reporting  forms.  This  change 
in  procedure  should  be  kept  in  mind  when 
comparing  the  figures  on  applications  for 
employment  during  1952  with  data  for 
earlier  and  subsequent  periods. 

Persons  losing  several  days'  work  each 
week  and  consequently  claiming  short-time 
unemployment  insurance  benefits  are  not 
included  in  either  statistical  reporting  form 
unless  they  specifically  ask  to  be  registered 
for  employment. 


TABLE  D-l.— UNFILLED  VACANCIES  AND  LIVE  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EMPLOYMENT 

(Source:  Form  TT.I.C.  757) 


Month 

Unfilled  Vacancies* 

Live    Applications    for 

Employment 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Date  Nearest: 
June 

1,  1947 

62,770 
40,618 
23,539 
25,038 
48,353 

26,915 
22,772 
23,413 
26,178 
29,058 
23,846 
19,544 
12,051 
12,235 
13,604 
18,545 

24,982 

24,564 

39,870 
24,226 
24,035 
16,375 
17,701 

18,253 
17,679 
17,212 
20,870 
20,685 
18,092 
15,738 
12,143 
13,264 
13,799 
16,368 

19,142 

21,143 

102,640 
64,844 
47,574 
41,413 
66,054 

45,168 
40,451 
40,625 
47,048 
49,743 
41,938 
35,282 
24,194 
25,499 
27,403 
34,913 

44,124 

45,707 

94,170 

88,074 
113,489 
184,335 
101,384 

163,530 
134,394 
118,318 
105,169 
93,699 
99,383 
142,788 
254,660 
317,723 
331,618 
338,500 

241,990 

152,488 

32,311 
37,132 
41,359 
70,062 
49,677 

61,295 
61,866 
57,396 
51,121 
49,140 
49,258 
51,725 
60,901 
73,213 
72,065 
66,702 

57,397 

49,613 

126,481 

June 

1,   1948 

125,206 

June 

1,   1949 

154,848 

June 

1,   1950 

254,397 

1,   1951 

151,061 

June 

1,   1952 

224,825 

July 

1,   1952 

196,260 

1,   1952 

175,714 

September 

1,   1952 

156,290 

1,   1952 

142,839 

November 

1,   1952 

148,641 

December 

1,   1952 

194,513 

January 

1,   1953 

315,561 

February 

1,   1953 

390,936 

March 

1,   1953 

403,683 

April 

1,   1953 

405,202 

May 

1,   1953  (0 

299,387 

June 

1,  1953  (i) 

202,101 

* — Current  vacancies  only.      Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 
(x)— Latest  figures  subject  to  revision. 


1071 


TABLE  D-2.— UNFILLED  VACANCIES  BY  INDUSTRY  AND  BY  SEX  AS  AT  APRIL  30, 1953 

(Source:  Form  U.I.C.  751) 


Male 

Female 

Total 

Chang 

e  from 

Mar. 

31/53 

May        1/52 

Agriculture,  Fishing,  Trapping 

1,849 
2,263 

834 

566 
137 
55 
21 
55 

6,170 

704 
5 

51 
143 
153 
395 
586 
227 
312 
831 
1,454 
185 
358 
135 

62 
356 
213 

4,057 

3,251 
806 

1,792 

1,640 
82 
70 

258 

3,419 

1,073 
2,346 

1,097 

3,549 

355 

1,261 

229 

433 

1,271 

25,288 

378 

7 

44 

15 
11 
4 

2,227 

2,270 

878 

581 

148 

59 

21 

69 

9,846 

1,030 
7 

85 
359 
392 

2,112 
669 
296 
457 
978 

1,615 
239 
485 
157 
72 
518 
375 

4,152 

3,313 

839 

2,121 

1,769 
102 
250 

301 

6,910 

1,785 
5,125 

2,230 

13,434 

1,639 

1,903 

401 

969 

8,522 

44,372 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

+ 

699 
1,809 

240 

225 
5 
9 

28 
9 

121 

128 
10 
6 
74 
24 
20 

178 
48 
75 
32 

144 

131 
79 
10 
53 
19 
78 

1,204 

842 
362 

586 

619 
16 
49 

129 

1,495 

336 
1,159 

369 

3,052 

259 

421 

185 

86 

2,101 

8,724 

—      1,311 

Forestry  

+      1,177 
—          391 

Mining,  Quarrying  and  Oil  Wells 

Fuels 

Non-Metal  Mining 

Quarrying,  Clay  and  Sand  Pits 

14 

3,676 

326 

2 

34 

216 

239 

1,717 

83 

69 

145 

147 

161 

54 

127 

22 

10 

162 

162 

95 

62 
33 

329 

129 
20 
180 

46 

3,491 

712 

2,779 

1,133 

9,885 

1,284 

642 

172 

536 

7,251 

19,084 

Manufacturing 

+          560 

Rubber  Products 

Textile  Products  (except  clothing) 

Transportation  Equipment 

Products  of  Petroleum  and  Coal 

Construction 

-          812 

Transportation,  Storage  and  Communication    

See       Foot- 

Note         (2) 

Public  Utility  Operation 

Trade         

+      1,805 

Retail 

+          649 

Service 

+          258 

GRAND  TOTAL 

+      2,255 

(') — Preliminary— subject  to  revision. 

Current  vacancies  only.      Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 

(2)— Commencing  January  2,  1953,  the  Standard  Industrial  Classification  Manual  of  the  Dominion  Bureau  of 
Statistics  replaced  the  Industrial  Classification  Manual  of  the  Department  of  Labour.  Since  there  is  a  difference  in  the 
grouping  of  the  two  industry  divisions — Transportation,  Storage  and  Communication,  and  Public  Utility  Operation, 
the  change  in  these  divisions  can  only  be  recorded  in  the  Grand  Total. 


1072 


TABLE  D-3.— UNFILLED  VACANCIES  AND  LIVE  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EMPLOYMENT, 
BY  OCCUPATION  AND  BY  SEX  AS  AT  APRIL  30,  1953  0) 

(Source:  Form  U.I.C.  757) 


Occupational  Group 


Unfilled  Vacancies (2) 


Male 


Female 


Total 


Live    Applications 
for   Employment 


Male 


Female 


Total 


Professional  and  managerial  workers 

Clerical  workers 

Sales  workers 

Personal  and  domestic  service  workers. .  . 

Seamen 

Agriculture  and  fishing 

Skilled  and  semiskilled  workers 

Food    and    kindred    products    (inc 

tobacco) 

Textiles,  clothing,  etc 

Lumber  and  wood  products 

Pulp,  paper  (inc.  printing) 

Leather  and  leather  products 

Stone,  clay  and  glass  products 

Metalworking 

Electrical 

Transportation  equipment 

Mining 

Construction 

Transportation  (except seamen) 

Communications  and  public  utility.  . 

Trade  and  service 

Other  skilled  and  semiskilled 

Foremen 

Apprentices 

Unskilled  workers 

Food  and  tobacco 

Lumber  and  lumber  products 

Metalworking 

Construction 

Other  unskilled  workers 

GRAND  TOTAL 


2,314 
1,792 
1,635 


9,850 

136 

260 

2,083 

65 

93 

34 

1,303 

267 

60 

185 

1,689 

1,060 

53 

416 

1,963 

78 

105 

4,994 
121 

278 

125 

1,576 

2,894 


24,982 


669 

4,774 

1,895 

8,374 

3 

25 

2,298 

45 

1,573 

4 

16 

145 

2 

26 

41 


16 

2 

279 

124 

7 
18 

104 

187 
5 

15 
1 

896 


19,142 


2,566 
7,088 
3,687 

10,009 

21 

2,507 

12,148 

181 

1,833 

2,087 

81 

238 

36 

1,329 

308 

60 

185 

1,689 

1,076 

55 

695 

2,087 

85 

123 


283 

140 

1,577 

3,790 


44,124 


3,569 

7,702 

3,701 

18,576 

2,217 

2,204 

110,856 

1,309 

2,353 

25.443 

749 

743 

320 

7,735 

1,234 

291 

2,087 

29,885 

19,218 

671 

1,648 

10,986 

3,195 

2,989 

93,165 

2,772 

7,334 

3,266 

22,173 

57,620 


241,990 


853 
13,132 
7,511 
11,470 


379 

12,306 

790 
7,292 
114 
413 
526 

46 
444 
317 

27 


3 

65 

10 

1,029 

966 

203 

61 

11,725 

3,534 

146 

361 

20 

7,664 


57,397 


4,422 

20,834 

11,212 

30,046 

2,238 

2,583 

123,162 

2,099 
9,645 

25,557 
1,162 
1,269 
366 
8,179 
1,551 
318 
2,087 

29,888 

19,283 

681 

2,677 

11,952 
3,398 
3,050 

104,890 

6,306 

7,480 

3,627 

22,193 

65,284 


299,387 


0)  Preliminary — subject  to  revision. 

(2)  Current  vacancies  only.   Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 


1073 


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TABLE  D-5. 


APPLICATIONS  RECEIVED  AND  PLACEMENTS  EFFECTED  BY 
EMPLOYMENT  OFFICES 


Source:  Form  U.I.C.  751) 
1943—1953) 


Year 

Applications 

Placements 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Male 

Female 

Total 

1943 

1,681,411 
1,583,010 
1,855,036 
1,464,533 
1,189,646 
1,197,295 
1,295,690 
1,500,763 
1,541,208 
1,781,689 
646,395 

1,008,211 
902,273 
661,948 
494,164 
439,577 
459,332 
494,956 
575,813 
623,467 
664,485 
224,621 

2,689,622 
2,485,283 
2,516,984 
1,958,697 
1,629,223 
1,656,627 
1,790,646 
2,076,576 
2,164,675 
2,446,174 
871,016 

1,239,900 
1,101,854 
1,095,641 
624,052 
549,376 
497,916 
464,363 
559,882 
655,933 
677,777 
174,874 

704,126 
638,063 
397,940 
235,360 
220,473 
214,424 
219,816 
230,920 
262,305 
302,730 
96,279 

1,944,023 

1944. . .                                 

1,739,917 

1945 

1,493,581 

1946 

859,412 

1947.  ..                                 

769,849 

1948 

712,340 

1949 

684,179 

1950 

790,802 

1951 

918,238 

1952 

980,507 

1953  (4  months) 

271,153 

75802—8 


1079 


E — Unemployment   Insurance 


TABLE  E-l.— PERSONS  RECEIVING  BENEFIT,  NUMBER  OF  DAYS  BENEFIT  PAID, 

AND    AMOUNT    PAID 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Number 
Receiving 
Benefit 
in   Last 
Week  of  the 
Month* 

Month  of  April,  1953 

Province 

Number 

Com- 
mencing 
Benefit 

Number 

of  Days 

Benefit 

Paid 

Amount  of 

Benefit 

Paid 

Newfoundland 

7,966 
1,362 
11,436 
10,148 
73,897 
47,648 
8,433 
3,565 
9,154 
22,706 

1,923 
237 

4,456 
4,477 
34,859 
19,905 
2,877 
1,082 
4,325 
9,518 

188,472 

38,805 

270,686 

283,036 

2,029,927 

1,236,062 

251,605 

121,517 

237,419 

568,267 

S 

639,154 
113,576 

842,735 

894,426 

Quebec 

Ontario 

6,353,659 

3,813,621 

757,829 

376,231 

Alberta 

777,971 
1,820,092 

Total,  Canada,  April,  1953 

196,315 

83,659 

5,225.796 

16,389,294 

Total,  Canada,  March,  1953 

211,442 

114,683 

6,613,705 

20,796,825 

Total,  Canada,  April,  1952 

196,973 

79,424 

4,911,979 

13,253,537 

*Week  containing  last  day  of  the  month. 


TABLE  E-2.— PERSONS   ON  THE  LIVE   UNEMPLOYMENT   REGISTER  BY   NUMBER 
OF  DAYS,  CONTINUOUSLY  ON  THE  REGISTER,  AS  OF  APRIL  30,  1953 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Province  and  Sex 

Total 

6  days 

and 
under 

7-12 
days 

13-24 
days 

25-48 
days 

49-72 
days 

73  days 
and 
over 

9,859 

9,621 

238 

1,068 
886 
182 

12,521 

11.192 
1,329 

14,989 

13,372 

1,617 

90,719 
81,308 
15,411 

.53,703 
39.972 
13,731 

9,868 
6,676 
3,192 

3,613 

2,901 

712 

12,081 
10,713 
1,368 

25.477 

20,329 

5,148 

239.898 
196.970 

42,928 

1,279 

1,247 

32 

86 
66 
20 

2,080 

1,938 

142 

2,463 

2,177 

286 

16,543 

12,506 
4,037 

11,446 
7,740 
3,706 

1,778 

1,009 

769 

318 
218 
100 

1,942 

1,670 

272 

4,953 

4,107 

846 

42,888 
32,678 
10,210 

357 

344 

13 

37 
26 
11 

1,008 

928 

80 

1,483 

1,348 

135 

8,031 
6,449 
1,582 

4,125 
2,920 
1,205 

580 
357 
223 

208 
160 
48 

960 
864 
96 

2,270 

1,832 

•      438 

19,059 

15,228 
3,831 

1,045 

1,024 

21 

95 
82 
13 

1,766 

1,592 

174 

2,255 

2,063 

192 

14,279 
12,507 
1,772 

6,525 
4,942 
1,583 

940 
628 
312 

357 

300 

57 

2,014 

1,889 

125 

3,042 

2,433 

609 

32,318 

27,460 

4,858 

1,613 

1.567 

46 

195 
170 
25 

2,490 

2,252 

238 

3,066 

2,787 
279 

22,614 
20,  IK) 
2,204 

10,488 
8,218 
2,270 

1,494 

1,032 

462 

563 
440 
123 

2,954 

2,697 

257 

4,128 

3.232 
896 

49,605 
42,805 
6,800 

1,940 

1,894 

46 

165 
122 
43 

1,800 

1,579 

221 

2,073 

1,868 

205 

14,566 

12,882 
1.684 

6,611 
4,984 
1,627 

1,360 
862 
498 

568 
449 
119 

1,536 

1 ,  334 

202 

3.040 

2.274 

766 

33,659 

28,248 

5,411 

3,625 

Male             

3.545 

80 

490 

420 

70 

3,377 

2,903 

474 

3,649 

3,129 

520 

Quebec 

20,686 
If, 554 

4,132 

14,508 

11.168 

3,340 

3,716 

2,788 

928 

1,599 

Male                      

1,334 

265 

2.675 

2,259 

416 

8.044 

6.  151 

1.593 

Total*                                 

62,369 

50.551 

11.818 

*  Includes  4,115  supplementary  benefit  claimants. 

1080 


TABLE  E-3.— INITIAL  AND   RENEWAL  CLAIMS  FOR  BENEFIT  BY   PROVINCES, 

APRIL,  1953 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Provinc3 

Claims  filed  at  Local  Offices 

Disposal  of  Claims   (including  claims 
pending    from    previous    months) 

Total 

Initial 

Renewal 

Total 

Disposed 

of 

Entitled 

to 
Benefit 

Not 
Entitled 
to  Benefit 

Pending 

4,375 

433 

6,286 

7,621 

45,346 

29,119 

4,383 

1,489 

5,290 

12,829 

3,798 

360 

4,212 

5,366 

32,869 

19,336 

2,932 

1,190 

3,915 

7,957 

579 
73 
2,074 
2,255 
12,477 
9,783 
1,451 

299 
1,375 
4,872 

4,410 

561 

7,244 

8,798 

58,337 

32,597 

4,858 

1,827 

6,512 

13,735 

1,811 

208 

4,958 

5,442 

37,762 

23,265 

2,902 

898 

4,373 

8,805 

2,591 

3J3 
2,286 
3,356 
20,575 
9,332 
1,956 

929 
2,139 
4,930 

1,980 

Prince  Edward  Island 

68 
1 ,  603 

1,892 

11,226 

5,831 

531 

222 

1,194 

3,143 

Total,  Canada,  April,  1953 

117,1711 

81,933 

35,238 

138, 8792* 

90,427 

48,452 

27,690 

Total   Canada    March    1953 

179,714 

134,334 

45,380 

176,499 

110,514 

65,985 

49  399 

Total  Canada,  April,  1952 

100,951 

71,286 

29,665 

116,607 

86,716. 

29,891 

25,361 

'In  addition,  revised  claims  received  numbered  19,339.  2  In  addition,  19,611  revised  claims  were  disposed  of.  Of 
these,  1,522  were  special  requests  not  granted,  and  1.024  were  appeals  by  claimants.  There  were  2,498  revised  claims 
pending  at  the  end  of  the  month. 


1081 


TABLE   E-L— REGULAR   AND    SUPPLEMENTARY    BENEFIT   CLAIMS    DISALLOWED 
AND  CLAIMANTS   DISQUALIFIED 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S 


Chief  Reasons  lor  Non-Entitlement 


Claims  Disallowed 

Regular 

Supplementary* 

Claimants  Disqualifiedt 

Not  unemployed 

Disqualification — total 

6  days  or  less 

7  days  or  more 

Not  capable  of  and  not  available  for  work 

Loss  of  work  due  to  a  labour  dispute 

Refused  offer  of  work  and  neglected  opportunity  to  work 

Discharged  for  misconduct 

Voluntarily  left  employment  without  just  cause 

Failure  to  fulfil  additional  conditions  imposed  upon  certain  married  women 
Other  reasonsj .* 


Total. 


Month   of 
April, 
1953 


36,305 
5,550 


5,670 
3,522 
2,148 
1,833 
47 
1,252 

785 
5,673 

712 
3,466 


61,293 


Month   of 

March, 

1953 


51,773 
10,654 


6,734 
4,345 
2,389 
2,224 

149 
1,455 
1,007 
7,108 

999 
3,218 


85,321 


Month  of 
April, 
1952 


20,452 
2,771 


1.481 
902 

1,195 
695 

5,185 
717 

2,170 


35,568 


*No  comparable  data  for  1952. 

fClaimants  disqualified  April,  1953,  include  5,757  on  revised  and  1,534  on  supplementary  benefit  claims. 
t  These  include:  Claims  not  made  in  prescribed  manner;  failure  to  carry  out  written  directions;  claimants  being 
inmates  of  prisons,  etc. 


TABLE  E-5.— ESTIMATES  OF  THE  INSURED  POPULATION  UNDER  THE 
UNEMPLOYMENT  INSURANCE  ACT 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the   Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


At  Beginning  of  Month  of: 

Total 

Employed 

Claimants* 

1952— March 

3,096,000 
3,090,240 
3,062,000 
3,068,000 
3,097,000 
3,132,000 
3,151,000 
3,171,000 
3,186,000 
3,241,000 

3,286,000 
3,283,000 
3,280,000 

2,779,600 
2,851,570 
2,843,900 
2,924,500 
2,974,300 
3.019,400 
3,049,000 
3,078,400 
3,074,500 
3,079,100 

3,007,400 
2,928,300 
2,916,800 

316,400t 

238,670 

218,100 

143,500 

July                                         

122,700 

112,600 

102,000 

92,600 

111,500 

161,900 

278,600t 

354,700f 

363,200t 

*  Ordinary  claimants  on  the  live  unemployment  register  on  the  last  working  day  of  the  preceding  month. 
t  Includes  supplementary  benefit  claimants. 


1082 


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ly  3,  1950 

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75802—9 


1083 


TABLE  E-7.— CLAIMS   FOR   SUPPLEMENTARY   BENEFIT,   APRIL,    1953 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Initial  Claims  Only 

Persons 
Com- 
mencing 
Benefit 

Number 

of  Days 

Benefit 

Paid 

Province 

Claims 
Considered 

Entitled 
to  Benefit 

Not 

Entitled 

to  Benefit 

Amount 

of  Benefit 

Paid 

2,323 

276 

1,661 

2,713 

13,731 

4,995 

1,074 

613 

1,178 

2,254 

1,848 
241 

1,379 

2,238 
10,409 

3,761 
893 
491 
802 

1,755 

475 

35 

282 

475 

3,322 

1,234 

181 

122 

376 

499 

1,875 

348 

1,732 

2,508 

11,990 

5,621 

1,283 

742 

1,070 

2,452 

68,963 

17,631 

86,878 

109,314 

491,739 

254,962 

67,945 

36,702 

43,052 

136,893 

S 
158,005 

34,704 

180,579 

229,061 

1,025,530 

546,496 

144,573 

77,358 

98,472 

306,777 

Total 

30,818* 

23,817 

7,001 

29,621f 

1,314,079 

2,801,555 

*  There  were  in  addition,  717  renewal  claims, 
t  Includes  1,317  renewal  claims. 


1084 


F — Prices 

TABLE  F-l.— INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  THE  COST  OF  LIVING  IN  CANADA 

Prices  at  the  beginning  of  each  Month 
(Calculated  by  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics) 


1914. 
1929. 
1933. 
1939. 
1945. 
1946. 
1947. 
1948. 
1949. 


1950. 


January . . . 
February.. 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August . 

September . 

October 

November. 
December. 


1951 


January 

February... 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . 
October 
November . 
December. . 


1952 


January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . . 

October 

November*. 
December. . . 


1953 


January . . 
February. 

March 

April 

May 

June 


Percent- 
age 

Increase 

since 

August    1, 


18  6 
23-6 
34-4 

53-8 
59-8 


59-7 
60-3 
62-4 
62-7 
62  7 
641 
66-2 
67-2 
68-5 
69-3 
69-3 
69-7 


71  1 

73-8 
78-3 
80-4 
80-6 
82  6 
861 
87-4 
88-3 
88-9 
89-7 
89  6 


90  0 
89-3 
87-6 

87-2 
85-2 
85-8 
86-5 
861 
850 
83-5 
83-3 
82-7 


82-9 

83-4 
82-7 
82-4 
82-1 
83-3 


On  base  of  average  prices  in  1935-39  as  100* 


Total 


79-7 
121-7 

94-4 
101-5 
119-5 
123-6 
135-5 
155-0 
160-8 


161-0 
161-6 
163-7 
164-0 
164-0 
165-4 
167-5 
168-5 
169-8 
170-7 
170-7 
171-1 


172 
175 
179 

181' 

182 
184 
187 


19  (J 
191 
191' 


191-5 
190-8 
189-1 
188-7 
186-7 
187-3 
188-0 
187-6 
186-5 
185-0 
184-8 
184-2 


184-4 
184-9 
184-2 
183-9 
183-6 
184-8 


Food 


92-2 
134-7 

84-9 
100-6 
133-0 
140-4 
159-5 
195-5 
203-0 


199-4 
201-3 
204-0 
204-5 
204-6 
209-0 
214-3 
216-7 
218-8 
220-1 
218-6 
218-8 


220-2 
224-4 
233-9 


238> 
235 
239 
249 
251 
251< 
249  • 
250. 
249' 


250-0 
248-1 
241-7 
240-2 
235-3 
237-0 
239-5 
238-0 
234-2 
229-3 
229-0 
226-1 


226-2 
227-4 
225-7 
223-5 
222-8 
225-7 


Rent 


72-1 
119-7 

98-6 
103-8 
112-1 
112-7 
116-7 
120-7 
123-0 


125-0 
125-0 
132-7 
132-7 
132-7 
132-7 
134-9 
134-9 
135-5 
135-5 
136-4 
136-4 


136-4 
136-4 
137-6 
137-6 
137-6 
139-8 
139-8 
139-8 
142-7 
142-7 
144-8 
144-8 


144-8 

144-8 


150-2 
150-5 
150-7 
150-9 
151-0 
152-5 


Fuel 
and 
Light 


75-1 
112-6 
102-5 
101-2 
107-0 
107-4 
115-9 
124-8 
131-1 


135-6 
135-9 
136-3 
138-0 
137-5 
137-1 
137-7 
138-4 
140-8 
141-0 
140-6 
140-7 


141-5 
141-7 
146-5 
146-7 
146-2 


Clothing 


146' 
147- 
148- 
149' 
150- 
150- 
150- 


151-2 
151-3 
152-5 
152-5 
150-6 
149-8 
149-8 
150-1 
150-3 
150-9 
151-1 
152-7 


153-9 
154-3 
154-4 
155-5 
153-2 
152-6 


88-3 
134-8 

93-3 
100-7 
122-1 
126-3 
143-9 
174-4 
183-1 


183-3 
183-0 
181-4 
181-2 
180-8 
180-7 
180-7 
180-9 
182-3 
183-5 
184-5 
184-9 


187-1 
192-4 
196-3 
198-8 
201-5 
302-5 
202-9 
204-6 
206-9 
213-8 
214-6 
215-5 


215-3 
213-0 
211-2 
210-4 
210-1 
209-3 
209-1 
208-6 
207-7 
206-7 
205-5 
205-4 


205' 
205' 
205' 
205- 
206- 
206- 


Home 
Furnish- 
ings and 
Services 


Miscel- 
laneous 


105 


101-4 
119-0 
124-5 
141-6 
162-6 
167-6 


167-0 
166-4 
166-3 
166-4 
166-4 
166-9 
166-9 
168-9 
171-1 
172-7 
174-8 
176-4 


179-8 
185-1 
188-6 
190-7 
194-9 
197-1 
196-4 
199-0 
199-1 
200-1 
199-9 
200-6 


201-1 
200-1 
200-8 
200-5 
198-2 
197-2 
196-7 
196-0 
195-8 
195-9 
195-5 
195-3 


196-0 
191-1 
196-3 
196-8 
196-2 
196-2 


101-4 
109-4 
112-6 
117-0 
123-4 
128-8 


131-6 
132-1 
132-1 
132-3 
132-3 
132-4 
132-5 
132-5 
132-8 
133-3 
133-4 
134-1 


135-8 
137-0 
137-8 
138 

140 

144 

142 

143 

144 

144 

144-9 

144-9 


145-7 
146-5 
146-9 
147-9 
147-4 
147-4 
147-4 
147-8 
147-8 
148-5 
148-8 
148-8 


148-9 
149-0 
147-9 
148-7 
149-0 
149-0 


Retail 
Prices 
Index 
(Com- 
modities 
only)t 


101-0 
126-2 
132-1 
148-8 
177-4 
184-8 


183-8 
184-7 
185-8 
186-2 
186-1 
188-3 
191-0 
192-4 
194-3 
195-5 
195-1 
195-6 


197-3 
201-4 
207-9 
211-2 
211-3 
214-0 
219-6 
221-11 
221-61 
222-4 
233 -ft 
222-? 


223-1 
221-6 
218-3 
217-5 
214-0 
214-5 
215-7 
214-8 
212-7 
210-1 
209-7 
208-4 


208-6 


209' 
208' 
207- 
206' 
207- 


*For  the  period  1914  to  1934  the  former  series  on  the  bases  1926  =  100  was  converted  to  the  bases  1935-39  =  100. 
t  Commodities  in  the  cost-of-living  index  excluding  rents  and  services. 


75802—91 


1085. 


TABLE  F-la.— TOTAL  AND  MAIN  COMPONENTS  OF  THE  CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX 
FROM  JANUARY  1949  TO  APRIL  1953 

(1949  =  100-0) 

Calculated  by  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


Other 

:>tal 

Food 

Shelter 

Clothing 

Household 
Operation 

Commo- 
dities and 
Services  ' 

99-8 

100-8 

99-2 

99-7 

99-9 

98-f 

99-7 

99-7 

99-3 

99-7 

100-2 

99-^ 

99-4 

98-7 

99-2 

100-0 

100-1 

99-i 

99-3 

98-1 

99-6 

100-2 

100-1 

99-i 

99-2 

97-9 

99-7 

100-3 

99-8 

99-S 

99-6 

99-2 

99-7 

100-3 

99-7 

99? 

100-0 

100-2 

100-3 

100-3 

99-7 

99-J 

100-4 

101-3 

100-2 

100-1 

99-6 

99-t 

100-4 

101-2 

100-5 

100-2 

99-6 

99-< 

100-6 

100-8 

100-5 

99-8 

100-6 

100-1 

101-0 

101-9 

100-5 

99-7 

100-5 

101-C 

100-5 

100-3 

101-0 

99-7 

100-4 

101  •] 

100-0 

100-0 

100-0 

100-0 

100-0 

100  •( 

100-1 

98-1 

101-1 

99-6 

100-6 

102  •( 

100-2 

98-4 

101-1 

99-5 

100-6 

102-2 

100-9 

98-8 

104-7 

98-9 

100-8 

102-5 

101-2 

99-3 

104-9 

99-2 

101-2 

102-2 

101-2 

99-3 

105-1 

99-1 

101-1 

102-2 

101-9 

100-9 

105-9 

99-1 

101-5 

102  v 

102-7 

102-6 

107-4 

99-1 

101-6 

102-^ 

103-3 

103-8 

107-8 

99-3 

102-6 

102  •{ 

104-3 

105-4 

108-7 

99-9 

103-4 

103  •( 

105-9 

107-6 

109-0 

100-6 

104-6 

105-2 

106-4 

108-4 

109-5 

101-0 

105-1 

105-^ 

106-6 

108-4 

109-6 

101-3 

105-5 

105  •' 

102-9 

102-6 

106-2 

99-7 

102-4 

103-1 

107-7 

109-0 

110-0 

102-6 

107-1 

107-4 

109-1 

111-0 

110-4 

105-1 

108-6 

108-1 

110-8 

114-1 

111-5 

106-7 

110-5 

108 -C 

111-7 

115-5 

111-8 

108-5 

111-4 

108  •( 

112-2 

114-3 

112-4 

109-0 

112-7 

110-4 

113-7 

115-8 

115-2 

109-5 

113-8 

111-S 

114-6 

117-9 

115-5 

109-7 

114-3 

112-2 

115-5 

119-0 

115-8 

110-7 

115-1 

113-4 

116-5 

120-5 

117-2 

111-9 

115-5 

113€ 

117-1 

121-3 

117-2 

114-1 

115-8 

H4-: 

117-9 

122-5 

118-2 

114-5 

115-9 

114-? 

118-1 

122-5 

118-2 

115-2 

116-4 

115-S 

113-7 

1170 

114-4 

109-8 

113-1 

111-5 

118-2 

122-4 

118-3 

114-9 

116-4 

115-S 

117-6 

120-8 

118-3 

113-5 

116-3 

115-£ 

116-9 

117-6 

119-1 

112-9 

116-9 

116-< 

116-8 

117-2 

119-4 

112-5 

116-8 

116-6 

115-9 

115-5 

119-6 

112-3 

116-2 

115-6 

116-0 

115-7 

120-4 

111-8 

115-9 

115-7 

116-1 

116-0 

120-6 

111-7 

115-9 

115-6 

116-0 

115-7 

120-6 

111-6 

115-8 

115-8 

116-1 

115-8 

121-2 

110-9 

116-0 

115-8 

116-0 

1151 

121-5 

109-9 

116-2 

116-^ 

116-1 

115-7 

121-4 

109-8 

115-9 

116-6 

115-8 

114-1 

122-2 

109-7 

116-1 

116-6 

115-7 

113-5 

122-3 

109-7 

116-5 

116-7 

115-5 

112-7 

122-5 

109-6 

116-6 

116-7 

114-8 

111-6 

122-5 

109-7 

116-7 

♦          115-2 

114-6 

110-9 

122-7 

109-7 

116-9 

115-C 

114-4 

110-1 

122-9 

1101 

116-6 

115-1 

114-9 

111-4 

123-6 

110-1 

116-6 

115-1 

1949 — January. . . 
February.. 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August.  .  .  . 
September 
October. . . 
November 
December. 

Year 

1950 — January.  .  . 
February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August .... 
September 
October. . . 
November 
December. 

Year 

1951 — January. .  . 
February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August .... 
September. 
October . . . 
November 
December. 

Year 

1952 — January. .  . 
February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August.  .  .  . 
September 
October . . . 
November 
December. 

1953— January.  .  . 
February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 


1086 


TABLE  F -2.— INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  THE  COST  OF  LIVING  FOR  NINE  CITIES  OF 
CANADA  AT  THE  BEGINNING  OF  MAY  1953 

(Aug.  1939  =  100) 

Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


Total 

Food 

Rent 

Fuel 

Clothing 

Home 
Furnish- 
ings and 
Services 

Miscel- 
laneous 

Mav  1, 
1952 

April  1, 
1953 

May  1, 
1953 

St.  John's,  Nfld.  (i). 

Halifax 

St.  John 

103-1 
177-4 
184-2 
191-0 
182-9 
180-5 
181-0 
177-8 
190-6 

101-5 
173-3 
180-5 
188-2 
181-0 
176-9 
182-5 
176-4 
187-2 

101-1 
172-6 
180-2 
188-3 
180-9 
176-4 
182-2 
176-6 
187-5 

98-4 
212-6 
217-1 
237-5 
211-8 
224-8 
232-9 
230-0 
232-6 

107-3 
128-4 
129-7 
152-4 
160-1 
137-0 
135-2 
128-5 
138-4 

106-8 
155-3 
150-6 
143-0 
179-0 
134-4 
162-2 
121-3 
177-7 

101-8 
221-8 
228-7 
194-0 
207-1 
202-5 
217-9 
213-3 
217-1 

100-9 

188-6 
189-2 
203-8 
188-8 
197-1 
202-5 
190-7 
195-0 

99-5 
139-9 
152-0 

Montreal 

144-3 
147-8 

141-1 

133-9 

143-8 

Vancouver 

154-1 

N.B. — Indexes  above  measure  percentage  changes  in  living  costs  for  each  city,  but  should  not  be  used  to  compare 
actual  levels  of  living  costs  as  between  cities. 

C1)  St.  John's  Index  on  the  base: — June  1951  =  100. 


TABLE  F-3.— INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  STAPLE  FOOD  ITEMS 

(Base:  August  1939  =  100) 

Dominion  Average  Retail  Price  Relatives  with  Dominion  Averages  of  Actual  Retail  Prices  for  Latest  Month 

Soxtbci:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics. 


*Commodities 

Per 

Dec. 

1941 

Dec. 

1945 

Mav 
1950 

May 
1951 

May 
1952 

April 
1953 

Mav 
1953 

Price 
Mav 
1953 

lb. 
lb. 
lb. 
lb. 
lb. 
lb. 

lb. 
lib. 

lb. 
lb. 
doz. 
qt. 

lb. 
pkg. 
lb. 
lb. 

120-7 
125-7 
132-7 
136-7 
109-9 
125-3 

127-0 
132-3 
151-3 
134-7 
156-4 
111-0 

140-5 
174-6 
106-5 
127-3 
101-1 
129-9 

117-5 
128-3 
108-2 
89-9 
115-8 
104-0 

132-5 
111-3 
101-5 
132-3 
141-6 
145-2 

154-8 
167-9 
162-3 
168-3 
152-8 
143-8 

143-4 

142-5 
159-6 
137-5 
181-3 
95-4 

148-0 
165-4 
106-3 
124-2 
100-0 
137-7 

121-7 
132-7 
126-5 
149-4 
120-2 
108-6 

154-3 
115-1 
106-1 
132-3 
131-7 
131-6 

289-7 
321-7 
348-6 
388-5 
284-3 
215-8 

239-4 
219-0 
189-2 
217-4 
161-8 
166-1 

218-7 
222-2 
165-1 
221-2 
163-0 
174-5 

145-7 
172-8 
167-4 
153-2 
203-4 
131-2 

163-0 
147-9 
140-6 
164-8 
268-6 
179-6 

358-5 

398-7 
451-8 
518-8 
319-3 
247-8 

302-7 
216-0 
286-4 
274-9 
219-2 
178-0 

241-4 
244-6 
183-9 
227-2 
181-4 
220-4 

155-5 
177-5 
132-2 
131-2 
245-9 
159-9 

157-6 
166-0 
152-1 
191-7 
310-0 
185-1 

332-6 

372-8 
414-1 
487-3 
321-8 
218-4 

256-4 

182-7 
149-0 
216-9 
160-3 
191-7 

236-7 
262-5 
191-8 
227-2 
194-3 
294-8 

168-8 
193-8 
300-3 
347-7 
239-9 
173-9 

142-4 
166-0 
154-0 
190-2 
313-8 
187-2 

292-8 
323-8 
350-1 
409-6 
283-0 
243-0 

262-2 
193-6 
168-3 
200-7 
210-8 
191-7 

246-5 
263-3 
191-8 
224-3 
195-4 
254-1 

174-4 
182-6 
215-0 
185-2 
238-9 
166-5 

121-6 
153-5 
147-3 
171-0 
309-4 
176-2 

290-6 
320-4 
342-6 
401-5 
281-6 
261-7 

266-5 
198-5 
172-9 
202-1 
211-2 
191-7 

236-7 
262-5 
193-3 
227-2 
195-4 
249-3 

175-2 
181-7 
205-3 
168-6 
239-8 
166-5 

120-5 
152-9 
146-6 
169-4 
311-2 
175-5 

80-4 

Beef,  round  steak 

75-2 

Beef,  blade 

54-6 

Beef,  stewing,  boneless 

Lamb,  leg  roast 

54-3 
80-6 

70-1 

50  1 

Bacon,  side,  fancy,  sliced,  rind-off 

36-4 
18-8. 

28-8 

Eggs,  Grade  "A",  large,  carton 

Milk 

66-0 
21-1 

Butter,  creamery,  prints 

64-6 

Cheese,  plain,  mild,  %  lb 

34-8 

Bread,  plain,  white,  wrapped,  sliced. . . 

12-6 

Corn  Flakes,  8  oz 

18-0 

Tomatoes,  canned,  2^'s 

tin 

tin 

tin 

lb. 

10  lbs. 

lb. 

lb. 

doz. 

jar 

tin 

lb. 

lb. 

pkg. 

26-3 

Peas,  20  oz 

21-8 

Corn,  Cream,  choice,  20  oz 

19-4 

Onions,  cooking 

10-6 

Potatoes,  No.  I,  table 

38-4 

28-2 

Raisins,  seedless,  bulk  or  in  bag 

Oranges,  California 

24-8 
33-0 

25-7 

Peaches,  15  oz 

21-7 

Sugar,  granulated,  bulk  or  in  bag 

Coffee,  medium  quality,  in  bag 

Tea,  black,  §  lb 

10-6 
106-5 
51-2 

'Descriptions  and  Units  of  Sale  Apply  to  May  1953  Prices. 


1087 


TABLE  F-4.— RETAIL  PRICES  OF  STAPLE 

Sottrci:  Dominion 


Locality 


Beef 

Pork 

"IT?  J* 

4)  a  a 
p  «>^ 

m 

si 
& 

C— < 

sS 

5  a 

C   u 

«  ft,r 

i 

*& 

a 
o 

'$% 
$  a 

GO 

3 
bt 

1=2 

as 

=2  a 
H 

a 

gl 

B  S3  3 

£  "  a 

fa 

5? 

3  O 

•a  %~ 

8  o  «3 

fa 

M 
u 

a 

m 

a 

§f 
is. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cte. 

cts. 

103-8 
83-8 

73-8 

a 
68-8 

a 
59-5 

a 
52-0 

a 
53-6 

63-0 
51-0 

79-7 
70-8 

72-4 
56-5 

e 
34-7 

33-2 

59-0 

45-4 

86-1 

76-1 

a 
53-1 

53-4 

52-3 

67-8 

c 

49-4 

37-8 

54-3 

83-2 

74-6 

57-3 

57-9 

54-3 

68-6 

54-0 

36-4 

49-6 

83-1 

75-5 

54-0 

50-2 

46-2 

71-8 

52-1 

38-0 

50-0 

83-4 

76-9 

58-5 

55-9 

50-6 

72-7 

50-8 

38-8 

47-7 

95-8 

92-8 

63-0 

51-6 

51-0 

61-2 

53-7 

38-7 

48-2 

73-2 

72-5 

51-3 

50-3 

44-6 

69-6 

47-9 

33-7 

49-8 

91-4 

86-8 

52-4 

54-6 

45-2 

74-0 

49-6 

34-6 

55-3 

92-6 

89-1 

47-7 

48-2 

49-5 

58-2 

46-3 

31-8 

51-5 

84-3 

81-1 

55-5 

56-3 

42-7 

67-9 

50-2 

33-4 

45-0 

91-8 

85-1 

59-0 

49-8 

50-7 

65-2 

49-5 

34-2 

55-6 

93-6 

83-2 

47-5 

46-6 

43-0 

63-8 

47-0 

34-5 

57-1 

73-6 

69-8 

56-3 

52-3 

44-6 

74-3 

44-3 

37-1 

47-8 

72-3 

72-4 

49-1 

53-6 

40-4 

72-1 

48-6 

35-9 

51-6 

77-8 

76-0 

59-2 

59-0 

52-2 

67-4 

36-2 

60-2 

78-7 
74-8 

74-4 
72-3 

53-9 

a 

53-0 

54-9 
51-0 

45-5 
47-2 

73-7 
69-5 

44-7 

d 

53-0 

37-6 
39-2 

50-9 
55-2 

76-1 

73-9 

51-0 

53-2 

45-1 

76-1 

43-6 

37-0 

53-2 

69-3 

69-3 

50-6 

48-4 

45-7 

70-7 

40-3 

36-3 

51-3 

71-7 

73-0 

50-2 

48-7 

45-8 

72-5 

41-6 

d 

48-6 

35-8 

47-0 

77-9 

72-6 

51-8 

53-8 

39-9 

73-6 

35-5 

51-0 

761 

72-7 

75-3 
71-6 

54-2 

a 

52-9 

59-4 
51-3 

51-1 
44-9 

70-5 
66-6 

55-0 

d 

52-4 

36-5 
34-1 

53-2 
49-2 

81-5 
72-3 

77-5 
69-0 

56-1 

a 

50-9 

54-0 
56-9 

44-2 
44-6 

71-8 
70-6 

40-4 

d 

47-5 

36-8 
36-0 

47-5 
54-6 

77-9 

71-7 

53-6 

531 

48-2 

71-1 

d 
54-5 

38-8 

50-0 

77-1 
73-8 

71-2 
71-9 

a 

55-3 
a 
52-7 

56-5 
58-4 

44-8 
47-8 

66-0 
62-0 

51-9 

d 

52-5 

39-5 
38-1 

52-5 
48-9 

80-2 

73-6 

64-4 

58-4 

421 

67-5 

d 
56-2 

37-4 

53-0 

72-2 

68-8 

50-2 

53-8 

46-5 

62-7 

47-2 

37-8 

44-9 

89-0 

84-5 

a 
60-0 

66-5 

560 

73-5 

60-0 

40-0 

63-5 

90-0 

83-8 

66-4 

66-2 

71-1 

64-7 

d 

60-5 

d 

57-2 

41-8 

62-3 

89-8 

80-1 

61-7 

59-8 

54-1 

78-2 

39-1 

53-7 

92-6 

84-9 

62-4 

63-2 

58-9 

75-7 

39-1 

55-4 

Newfoundland— 

1— St.  John's 

P.E.I.— 

2— Charlottetown. . 

Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax 

4— Sydney 

New  Brunswick— 
5 — Moncton 

6 — Saint  John 

Quebec— 

7 — Chicoutimi 

8— Hull 

9— Montreal 

10— Quebec 

11— Sherbrooke 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers... 

Ontario— 

14— Brantford 

16 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William.... 

17— Hamilton 

18— Kirkland  Lake. 

19 — London 

20— North  Bay 

21 — Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 

Manitoba— 

27 — Winnipeg 

Saskatchewan— 

28— Regina 

29— Saskatoon 

Alberta— 

30— Calgary 

31 — Edmonton 

British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert. . . 

33— Trail 

34 — Vancouver 

36— Victoria 


1088 


FOODS  AND  COAL  BY  CITIES,  MAY,  1953 

Bureau  of  Statistics 


Locality 


Newfoundland- 

St.  John's 


P.E.I.- 

2 — Charlotte  town. 


Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax. 

4— Sydney. 


New  Brunswick 
5 — Moncton 


6— Saint  John. 


Quebec— 

7— Chiooutimi. 


8— Hull 

§— Montreal 

10— Quebec 

11 — Sherbrooke. . . 

12— Soret 

13— Three  Rivers. 

Ontario— 

14— Brantford 


15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William 

17— Hamilton 

18— KirklandLake.. 

19— London 

20— North  Bay 

21— Omawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27 — Winnipeg. 


Saskatchewan— 

28— Retina 


29— Saskatoon. 


Alberta- 

30— Calgary. 


31 — Edmonton. 


British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert.. 


33-Trail 

34 — Vancouver. 
35 — Victoria. . . 


73-2 
71-8 


73-8 


101-7 


78-6 
85-4 

77-2 
86-0 


86-5 
84-3 


77-7 


76-4 
85-0 


-  Li 

o  a> 
:S  ft 
A  « 

1= 

J2  ft 


80-4 
80-7 
76-4 


83-7 

75-8 

95-0 
94-5 
83-8 
91-3 


cts. 

8-5 

8-4 

8-2 
8-4 

8-2 
8-2 

8-0 
7-4 
7-5 

7-4 
7-7 
7-4 
7-5 


7-7 
7-3 
7-2 
7-9 
8-0 
7-5 
7-8 
7-6 
7-6 
7-9 
8-0 
85-3         7-6 


7-8 
7-1 

7-2 

7-2 

7-2 
7-2 

8-2 
7-6 
7-4 
7-6 


£   - 


HI 

0 


cts. 
12-0 

13-6 

12-8 
14-0 

12-0 
12-7 

15-2 
12-0 
12-0 
12-0 
12-4 
12-0 
11-3 

12-0 
12-0 
13-3 
12-0 
11-3 
12-0 
12-7 
12-0 
12-0 
13-3 
12-7 
12-0 
12-0 

14-0 

13-6 

12-8 

13-6 
12-8 

15-0 
16-0 
14-9 
16-0 


a  o 
O 


cts. 
20-9 

19-2 

18-3 
19-4 

18-3 
18-7 

19-3 
17-2 
17-3 
18-3 
17-5 
17-7 
17-4 

17-4 
18-0 
18-8 
17-5 
18-9 
17-4 
19-5 
17-1 
17-5 
19-0 
18-4 
17-3 
17-8 

17-8 

18-8 
17-6 

18-2 
17-8 

18-8 
18-3 
17-8 
17-9 


cts. 
11-7 

10-8 


10-3 
9-9 

10-6 
10-0 
9-5 
9-6 
9-3 
9-7 
10-3 

9-8 
10-1 
11-3 
10-1 

ii -a 

10-2 
11-3 

9-7 
10-2 
10-8 
11-0 

9-8 
10-2 

12-2 

13-0 
14-0 

12-1 
11-8 

11-2 
11-8 
9-8 
10-1 


%°1 


as. 


cts. 
60-8 

52-2 

49-1 
49-7 

49-2 
49-9 

54-4 
46-2 
48-4 
50-2 
48-3 
46-5 
49-6 

44-8 
47-5 
53-1 

45-7 
50-2 
44-5 
50-0 
46-0 
48-6 
48-9 
48-8 
44-8 
47-7 
t 


t 

64-9 
t 
61-1 

t 

59-6 
t 
61-4 

t 

62-3 
t 

64-1 
t 

57-2 
t 
57-7 


qs 
•as 


If 


cts. 

f 

85-5 


63-7 

g 

69-7 
g 
71-6 


g 
70-4 


67-4 
69-4 
68-7 


g 

65-2 
g 

67-6 
g 

64-4 
g 
67-9 

71-0 

g 

63-2 

g 

69-4 

g 

65-6 


67-2 

g 

65-4 


GG  • 


g 
62-1 


56-4 

g 

55-7 


g 

56-6 
g 
55-9 

g 

67-1 

g 

65-8 

g 


cts. 

h 
32-0 


17-0 

20-5 
22-0 

20-0 
21-0 

20-0 
22-0 
20-0 
20-0 
20-0 
19-0 
19-0 

21-0 

19-0 

23-0 

22-0 

25-0 

21-0 

22-0 

21-0  , 

21-8 

23-0 

23-0 

22-0 

22-0 

20-0 

19-0 

• 

20-5 

21-0 
20-0 

31-0 
25-0 
21-8 
24-0 


2.S 
1  = 


0 


69-7 

68-7 
72-0 

67-6 
69-1 

62-2 


63-4 
60-4 
61-2 
60-7 

62-9 
63-2 
63-6 

64-0 
64-6 
63-7 
65-0 
62-0 
63-4 
66-5 
64-4 
63-2 
63-6 

62-8 

61-0 
61-0 

62-2 
64-0 

65-9 
64-0 
65-3 
65-4 


1089 


TABLE  F-4.— RETAIL  PRICES  OF  STAPLE 

Source:  Dominion 


Locality 


Newfoundland— 

1 — St.  John's. . . 


P.E.I.— 

2— Charlottetown. 


Neva  Scotia— 

3— Halifax. 


4— Sydney. 


New  Brims  wick- 

5 — Moncton 


6— Saint  John. 


Quebec— 

7— Chicoutimi. 


8-Hull 

9— Montreal 

10— Quebec 

11— Sherbrooke... 

12-Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers. 

Ontario— 

14— Brantford 


15— Cornwall 

16— Fort  William.... 

17— Hamilton 

18— KirklandLake.. 

19— London 

20— North  Bay 

21 — Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27 — Winnipeg. 


Saskatchewan— 

28— Regina 


29 — Saskatoon. 

Alberta— 

30 — Calgary... 


31— Edmonton. 


British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert. 


33-Trail 

34 — Vancouver. 
35 — Victoria 


'3-o  a 
a  8-2 

OJ   O   t- 


36-1 

37-3 

35-4 
36-9 

35-1 
36-3 

36-9 
33-1 
34-3 
34-8 
34-8 
32-9 
34-3 

33-8 
34-5 
36-0 
34-4 
35-4 
33-8 
35-4 
33-2 
34-1 
35-8 
33-8 
33-5 
35-4 

35-5 

36-0 
34-8 

33-8 
35-1 

37-4 
35-8 
36-1 
36-2 


cts. 
33-( 


39-5 
37-1 

39-1 
39-2 


39-5 
38-7 
40-3 
39-6 
39-0 
39-0 
38-7 
39-8 
39-5 
38-7 
38-0 
39-6 
39-4 

41-0 

40-7 
40-8 

40-3 
41-7 

40-8 
39-8 
39-9 
39-4 


a 

is 

73*£ 


20-5 

19-8 
19-7 

21-4 
20-6 

19-2 
17-4 
19-5 
20-7 
19-9 
19-8 
18-8 

18-3 
18-9 
19-5 
19-0 
19-5 
19-5 
21-0 
18-8 
18-2 
20-2 
19-8 
19-2 
19-2 

17-5 

17-2 
16-5 

16-4 
16-4 

18-0 
18-0 
17-5 
18-4 


cts. 
33-6 

29-9 

29-0 
28-7 

29-4 
28-9 

34-3 
28-4 
28-5 
28-7 
30-1 
29-2 
28-5 

27-6 
28-1 
28-6 
28-8 
29-4 
27-8 
28-2 
26-0 
28-5 
28-6 
28-8 
27-6 
28-4 

28-1 

30-7 
28-3 

29-6 
30-6 

31-0 
31-8 
27-6 
28-6 


5^ 

°.ft£ 

o  0*7' 


cts. 


28-2 

25-1 
26-3 

25-9 

26-2 

27-2 
25-8 
26-2 
26-6 
24-4 
26-1 
25-4 

24-3 
25-2 
25-1 
24-7 
26-8 
26-1 
31-8 
23-3 
25-4 
26-0 
26-5 
23-6 
25-4 

24-9 

25-0 
24-8 

24-3 
24-2 

27-0 

23-9 

230 


S  P 

«1   <o 


18-4 

16-7 
18-0 

16-4 
16-6 

18-8 
16-3 
16-4 
16-9 
17-1 
16-3 
17-6 

16-7 
15-9 
18-2 
16-4 
18-1 
17-0 
16-5 
16-2 
16-2 
17-2 
18-0 
16-5 
17-1 

17-0 

18-2 
18-8 

17-3 
18-0 

19-8 
20-6 
16-9 
16-8 


Canned  Vegetables 


g»o 


cts. 

s 
50-1 

20-8 

22-0 
23-4 

22-2 
20-8 


21-0 
20-9 
20-3 
21-3 
22-6 


21-1 
19-4 
21-2 
19-5 
22-6 
19-9 


21-4 


20-0 
21-0 

22-2 

24-3 
23-5 

25-2 
22-6 

23-9 
25-9 
22-4 
21-0 


£J?\ 


cts. 

32-4 

29-0 

27-5 
29-0 

27-8 
25-9 

27-0 
23-3 
22-5 
25-5 
23-4 
25-0 
24-2 

25-1 
24-5 
26-4 
24-7 
25-8 
24-8 
25-8 
25-2 
24-4 
26-0 
23-4 
24-3 
23-3 

26-4 

29-5 

28-7 

31-2 
30-1 

32-8 
32-9 
29-5 
29-7 


cts. 
25-5 

22-4 

23-7 
22-8 

22-9 
23-3 

22-8 
20-1 
21-8 
21-5 
21-8 
18-8 
21  5 

20-4 
19-3 
21-9 
20-7 


20-8 

22-4 

20-5 

21-5 

22-3 

21-8 

20-6 

m 

16-9 

m 

18-4 

22-9 
22-9 

21-9 

22-2 

m 

20-5 

m 

21-0 

m* 

15-6 

m* 

191 


c  °  <- 
o  «  & 
O 


cts. 
24-3 

22-0 

20-0 
21-5 

19-8 
19-4 

20-7 
17-1 
19-3 
18-6 
20-5 
18-2 
20-8 

18-2 
19-3 
19-3 
17-6 
19-2 
17-5 
19-1 
17-2 
17-0 
18-7 
18-5 
16-6 


18-9 

21-6 
21-2 

22-8 

22-0 

m 

20-1 

m 

21-4 

m* 

15-9 

m* 

17-8 


Above  food  prices  are  simple  averages  of  prices  reported.  They  are  not  perfectly  comparable  in  all  cases  with 
price  averages  for  earlier  years.  Changes  in  grading,  trade  practices,  etc.  occur  from  time  to  time.  (a)  Including  cuts 
with  bone-in.         (c)  Including  cuts  with  hock-on.         (d)  Including  butts.         (e)  Local.         (f)  Imported.         (g)  Mixed 

1090 


FOODS  AND  COAL  BY  CITIES,  MAY,  1953 

Bureau  of  Statistics 


1? 

>> 

la 

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O 

Coal 

Locality 

|| 

c  a 
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at 
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Newfoundland— 

cts. 

cts. 
49-0 

25-5 

30-8 

28-2 

30-2 
29-8 

32-7 
31-4 
29-8 
27-3 
29-0 
33-7 
27-1 

38-5 
35-5 
54-1 
36-1 
40-2 
33-6 
38-0 
33-8 
32-6 
44-4 
37-6 
36-8 
37-6 

32-5 

41-8 
50-4 

45-0 
50-5 

61-3 
48-4 
56-1 
51-5 

cts. 
12-5 

10-8 

9-6 
10-7 

10-3 
10-4 

12-7 
10-6 
10-8 
11-0 

11-1 
11-9 
10-9 

9-9 
10-5 
11-0 

9-4 
11-6 
9-2 
9-4 
8-5 
10-0 
9-9 
9-8 
8-5 
9-1 

10-5 

11-1 

12-5 

12-9 
14-2 

11-1 
12-3 
10-2 
11-2 

cts. 
34-2 

27-0 

28-7 
29-8 

28-1 
27-7 

28-3 
26-9 
28-9 
27-9 
28-6 
26-6 
27-2 

29-3 
28-3 
25-9 
29-3 
29-2 
27-8 

27-0 
28-4 
29-2 
26-6 
27-6 
31-1 

28-0 

27-5 
29-3 

27-5 
29-6 

27-6 
28-1 
25-7 
27-0  1 

cts. 

k 

26-3 

n 
27-6 

24-3 

n 

26-0 

n 

25-7 
n 
26-7 

n 

28-0 

n 

25-1 

n 

25-2 

n 

25-8 

n 

24-7 

n 

22-8 

24-7 

n 

22-8 

n 

24-1 

n 

24-9 

23-2 

26-4 

22-7 

n 

23-0 

n 

22-8 

n 

25-0 

23-6 

n 

24-4 

n 

24-1 

n 

25-2 

n 

26-6 

27-4 

27-1 

n 

25-2 
n 
25-3 

26-4 

n 

26-4 

n 

23-6 

24-0 

cts. 

w 

61-5 

46-5 

46-1 
46-6 

46-0 
47-6 

55-5 
51-8 
53-6 
55-1 
54-3 
52-6 
54-2 

51-8 
52-3 
50-8 
53-6 
55-2 
48-7 
53-7 
54-7 
52-4 
54-7 

51-5 
50-5 

47-5 

48-5 
46-5 

48-6 
49-6 

50-6 
50-5 
47-5 
46-5 

cts. 
124-6 

V 

115-5 

113-2 

V 

118-8 
108-3 

V 

113-7 

V 

111-6 
110-7 
107-2 
110-4 
108-6 
109-0 

V 

110-7 

102-3 
107-4 
105-1 
104-7 
100-2 
105-0 
113-6 
102-2 
105-8 
104-4 
101-2 
102-5 
105-6 

100-6 

104-0 
102-9 

101-4 
105-2 

101-0 
98-0 
98-7 

102-3 

29.00 
28.50 
27.09 
28.88 
26.75 
26.25 
27.20 

26.25 
28.45 
26.32 
25.19 
33.38 
26.00 
27.75 
26.65 
28.50 
25.50 
27.65 
24.67 
26.00 

s 

23.04 

P.E.I.— 

23-2 

21-2 
25-6 

21-8 
21-7 

18-5 
18-9 
17-6 
17-8 
17-7 
17-5 
18-3 

18-8 
19-1 
20-2 
19-1 
19-8 
19-0 
20-3 
19-2 
18-9 
19-7 
19-2 
18-9 
19-0 

19-8 

22-4 
22-3 

23-6 
23-2 

25-1 
25-3 
20-3 
21-1 

17.50 

Nora  Scotia— 

3— Halifax 

19.44 

4 — Sydney 

13.60 

New  Brunswick— 

18.75 

6 — Saint  John 

19.44 

Quebec— 

7 — Chicoutimi 

8-Hull 

9 — Montreal 

10 — Quebec 

11 — Sherbrooke 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers 

Ontario— 

14 — Brantford 

15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William 

17 — Hamilton 

18— Kirkland  Lake 

19 — London 

20— North  Bay 

21— Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 

Manitoba— 

27 — Winnipeg 

21  05 

Saskatchewan— 

28— Regina 

18  30 

29— Saskatoon 

17  98 

Alberta— 

30— Calgary 

31— Edmonton 

8  25 

British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert 

22  90 

33-Trail 

19  75 

34 — Vancouver 

20  56 

35 — Victoria 

21.68 

carton  and  loose.        (h)  Evaporated  milk  17-0*5.  per  16 
Califorman  and  Australian.         (s)  28  oz.  tin.         ft)  Pure. 


tin.     (k)  Californian.        (m)  15  oz.  tin. 
(v)  Including  tins.         (w)  Orange  Pekoe. 


(n)  Mixed — 
Revised  price. 

1091 


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1093 


G — Strikes   and   Lockouts 


TABLE  G-l.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  JANUARY-MAY,  1952-1953f 


Date 


Number  of  Strikes 
and  Lockouts 


Com- 
mencing 
During 
Month 


In 
Existence 


Number  of  Workers 
Involved 


Com- 
mencing 
During 
Month 


-.  .In 
Existence 


Time  Loss 


In 
Man- 
Working 
Days 


Per  Cent 

of 

Estimated 

Working 

Time 


1953* 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

Cumulative  totals 

1952 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

Cumulative  totals 


14J 

11 
13 

14 
17 


2,136} 

2,448 

4,524 

2,790 

2,740 


2,136 
3,757 
5,450 
3,562 

4,748 


14, 


004 
0-03 
0-04 
003 
004 
004 


13} 

12 

16 

22 

30 


5,374} 

12,394 

2,877 

8,418 

14,853 


5,374 
13,048 

5,186 
12,121 
23,360 


71,145 

47,603 

65,272 

178,713 

248,575 


i):5 


43,916 


611,308 


009 
0-06 
0-08 
0-21 
0-30 
015 


*  Preliminary  figures. 

}  Strikes  unterminated  at  the  end  of  the  previous  year  are  included  in  these  totals. 

fThe  record  of  the  Department  includes  lockouts  as  well  as  strikes  but  a  lockout,  or  an  industrial 
condition  which  is  undoubtedly  a  lockout,  is  not  often  encountered.  In  the  statistical  table,  therefore, 
strikes  and  lockouts  are  recorded  together.  A  strike  or  lockout  included  as  such  in  the  records  of  the 
Department  is  a  cessation  of  work  involving  six  or  more  employees  and  lasting  at  least  one  working  day. 
Strikes  of  less  than  one  day's  duration  and  strikes  involving  less  than  six  employees  are  not  included  in  the 
published  record  unless  ten  days  or  more  time  loss  is  caused  but  a  separate  record  of  such  strikes  is 
maintained  in  the  Department  and  these  figures  are  given  in  the  annual  review.  The  records  include 
all  strikes  and  lockouts  which  come  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Department  and  the  methods  taken  to 
obtain  information  preclude  the  probability  of  omissions  of  strikes  of  importance.  Information  as  to  a 
strike  involving  a  small  number  of  employees  or  for  a  short  period  of  time  is  frequently  not  received 
until  some  time  after  its  commencement. 


1094 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  MAY  1953  0) 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality- 


Number  Involved 


Estab 
lishments 


Workers 


Time  Loss 
in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Progress  Prior  to  May,  1953 


Manufacturing — 
Vegetable  Foods,  etc. — 
t  lour,  cereal  and  feed  mill 
workers, 
Peterborough,  Ont.,  and 
Saskatoon,  Sask. 


Animal  Foods — 
Packinghouse  workers, 
Stratford,  Ont. 


Textiles,  Clothing,  etc. — 
Clothing  and  hosiery 
factory  workers. 
Montreal,  P.Q. 


Cotton,  jute  and  paper  bag 
factory  workers, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


Metal  Products — 
Jewellery  factory  workers, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


Aluminum  ware  factory 
workers, 

Wallaceburg,  Ont. 


Household  appliances 

factory  workers, 

Guelph,  Ont. 


Zinc  alloy  die  casting 
factory  workers, 
Wallaceburg,  Ont. 


Non-Metallic  Minerals, 
Chemicals,  etc. — 
Chemical  factory  workers, 
Elmira,  Ont. 


596 


39 


290 


71 


41 


90 


198 


63 


(«) 


128 


,000 


400 


5,000 


500 


800 


1,800 


1,500 


1,060 


1,120 


Commenced  April  22;  for  new  agree- 
ments providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  44  to  40 
per  week  and  other  changes  follow- 
ing reference  to  conciliation  board ; 
unterminated. 

Commenced  March  6;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  reduced  hours  from  45  to 
40  per  week  with  guaranteed  36 
hour  week  following  reference  to 
conciliation  board;  terminated  May 
12;  conciliation;  compromise. 

Commenced  November  25,  1952;  for 
a  new  agreement  providing  for 
increased  wages  and  other  changes 
following  reference  to  arbitration 
board;  partial  return  of  workers; 
unterminated. 

Commenced  April  16;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  terminated  May 
12;  negotiations;  in  favour  of 
workers. 


Commenced  December  8,  1952;  for 
implementation  of  award  of  con- 
ciliation board  for  increased  wages, 
pay  for  nine  statutory  holidays  and 
other  changes  in  new  agreement 
under  negotiations;  unterminated. 


Commenced  March  23;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  extension  of  relief  periods 
for  moulders  and  hospital  and 
accident  insurance  plan;  unter- 
minated. 


Commenced  April  7;  for  a  greater 
increase  in  wages  than  recom- 
mended by  conciliation  board  and 
other  changes  in  new  agreement 
under  negotiations;  terminated 
May  12;  conciliation;  compromise. 


Commenced  April  22;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  retroactive  to  Oct.  30,  1952, 
and  other  changes  following  refer- 
ence to  conciliation  board;  unter- 
minated. 


Commenced  April  20;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  other  changes  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
terminated  May  12;  conciliation; 
compromise. 


1095 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  MAY  1953  (*) 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Estab- 
lishments 


Workers 


Time  Loss 
in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Progress  Prior  to  May,  1953— Concluded 


Transportation  and  Public 
Utilities — 
Miscellaneous — 

Grain  elevator  workers, 
New  Westminster  and 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


Trade — 

Variety  store  clerks, 
Weyburn,  Sask. 


Service — 
Business  and  Personal — 
Garage  workers, 
Saint  John,  N.B. 


Garage  workers, 
Fort  William  and 
Port  Arthur,  Ont. 


275 


10 


22 


185 


1,100 


200 


500 


3,330 


Commenced  February  16;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  premium  for  dust,  job 
classification  and  pay  for  eight 
statutory  holidays  instead  of  six 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  terminated  May  6;  con- 
ciliation; compromise. 

Commenced  April  11;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages;  terminated  May  27;  return 
of  workers  pending  reference  to 
conciliation  board;  indefinite. 


Commenced  February  9;  for  union 
recognition  and  implementation  of 
award  of  conciliation  board  pro- 
viding for  increased  wages  in  union 
agreement;  unterminated. 

Commenced  April  27;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  retroactive  to  March  1 
instead  of  April  9  and  reduced 
hours  from  46?  per  week  to  44 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  terminated  May  23;  con- 
ciliation and  negotiations;  in  favour 
of  workers. 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  Commencing  During  May,  1953 


Mining — 

Coal  miners, 
Thorburn,  N.S. 


Coal  miners, 
Canmore,  Alta. 


Silver  and  lead  miners, 
Alice  Arm,  B.C. 


Manufacturing — 
Rubber  and  Its  Products- 
Tire  factory  workers, 
Hamilton,  Ont. 


Boots  and  Snues  (Leather) — 
Shoe  factory  workers, 
Preston,  Ont. 


Textiles /Clothing,  etc. — 
Knitting  factory  workers, 
Plessisville,  P.Q. 


267 


265 


100 


(4) 


331 


(5) 


258 


72 


267 


1,060 


1,150 


825 


1,030 


700 


Commenced  May  8;  protesting  lay- 
off of  33  workers  during  pumping 
operations;  terminated  May  11; 
return  of  workers;  in  favour  of 
employer. 

Commenced  May  11;  dispute  re 
allocation  of  new  houses;  ter- 
minated May  14;  negotiations; 
indefinite. 

Commenced  May  16;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  union  security  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
unterminated. 


Commenced  May  20;  protesting 
piecework  rate  on  new  tire  machine; 
terminated  May  22;  return  of 
workers  pending  settlement;  in- 
definite. 

Commenced  May  26;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  reduced  hours  from  45 
to  40  per  week  following  reference 
to  conciliation  board;  unterminated 

Commenced  May  19;  for  a  new 
agreement  incorporating  cost-of- 
living  bonus  in  basic  rate,  seniority, 
etc.,  following  reference  to  arbi- 
tration board;  unterminated. 


1096 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  MAY  1953  0) 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Estab- 
lishments 


Workers 


Time  Loss 
in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  Commencing  During  May,  1953— Concluded 

Pulp,  Paper  and  Paper 
Products — 
Building  board  factory 
workers, 
South  Nelson,  N.B 


Miscellaneous  Wood  Products- 
Lumber  mill  workers, 
South  Nelson,  N.B. 


Metal  Products — 
Skate  factory  workers, 
Kitchener,  Ont. 


Non-Metallic  Minerals, 
Chemicals,  etc. — 
Monument  cutters, 
Toronto,  Ont. 


Construction — 
Buildings  and  Structures — 
Building  trades  workers, 
Sarnia,  Ont. 


Transportation  and  Public 

Utilities — 

Other  Local  and  Highway — 

Truck   drivers,   warehouse 

men  and  helpers, 

Windsor,  Ont. 


Trade— 
Grocery  and  snack  bar  clerks, 
Duncan,  B.C. 


Wholesale  drug  warehouse 
workers, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


Hardware  warehouse 
workers, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 

Service — 
Public  Administration- 
Civic  employees, 
Saanich,  B.C. 


Business  and  Personal- 
Garage  workers, 
Winnipeg,  Man. 


1 

40 

' 

65 

1 

68 

9 

65 

700 

1 

30 

1 

4 

1 

70 

1 

160 

1 

180 

1 

65 

170 


745 


390 


175 


175 


60 


490 


800 


360 


450 


Commenced  May  2;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  reduced  hours  from  54  to 
48  per  week  following  reference  to 
conciliation  board;   unterminated. 


Commenced  May  9;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  alleged  discrimination 
in  dismissal  of  two  workers;  termi- 
nated May  30;  negotiations;  in 
favour  of  workers. 

Commenced  May  14;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  union  shop,  check-off,  etc., 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  unterminated. 


Commenced  May  22;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  pay  for  eight  statutory  holi- 
days and  health  and  welfare  plan 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  unterminated. 


Commenced  May  11;  protest  against 
employment  of  non-union  labour; 
terminated  May  11;  negotiations; 
indefinite,  result  not  reported. 


Commenced  May  3;  protesting  dis- 
missal of  two  drivers  for  cause; 
terminated  May  11;  return  of 
workers  pending  reference  to  arbi- 
tration ;[indefinite. 

Commenced  May  10;  for  increased 
wages  and  overtime  rates  >•  for 
work  on  statutory  holidays;  termi- 
nated May  28;  replacement;  in 
favour  of  employer. 

Commenced  May  11;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  terminated  May 
20;  negotiations;  compromise. 

Commenced  May  25;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  unterminated. 


Commenced  May  28;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  unterminated. 

Commenced  May  22;  for  implement- 
ation of  award  of  conciliation  board 
in  union  agreement  under  negoti- 
ations providing  for  increased 
wages  and  reduced  hours;  untermi- 
nated. 


(x)  Preliminary  data  based  where  possible  on  reports  from  parties  concerned,  in  some  cases  incom- 
plete; subject  to  revision  for  the  annual  review. 

(2)  In  this  table  the  date  of  commencement  is  that  on  which  time  loss  first  occurred  and  the  date 
of  termination  is  the  last  day  on  which  time  was  lost  to  an  appreciable  extent. 

(3)  60  indirectly  affected;  (4)  419  indirectly  affected;  (5)  121  indirectly  affected. 

1097 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE   DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOUR 


Reprints  from  The  Labour  Gazette — 

Price:  10  cents. 

Annual  Vacations  with  Pay  in  Canadian  Manu- 
facturing Industries  (Aug.,  1952.) 

The  Normal  Work  Week  in  Canadian  Manu- 
facturing Industries,  1951  (June,  1952). 

Wages,  Hours  and  Working  Conditions  in  the 
Primary  Textile  Industry  (May,  1952.) 

Cost  of  Living  Escalator  Clauses  in  Collective 
Agreements  (Dec,  1951). 

Numbers  of  Workers  Affected  by  Collective 
Agreements  in  Canada,  by  Industry  (Dec, 
1951). 


Annual  Report  of  the  Department  of  Labour 

(for  fiscal  year  ended  March  31,  1952). 
Price:  25  cents. 


Labour  Organization  in  Canada 

1952  Report.    Price:  25  cents. 


Apprenticeship  in  Canada 

Price:  15  cents. 


Vocational  Education  in  Canada 

Price:  15  cents. ' 


Bulletins  of  Industrial  Relations  Series— 

Price:  10  cents. 

No.  1 — Joint  Councils  in  Industry. 

No.  3 — Joint  Conference  of  the  Building  and 
Construction  Industries  in  Canada,  Ottawa, 
1921. 

No.  5 — Canada  and  the  International  Labour 
Conference. 

No.  8 — National  Conference  regarding  Winter 
Employment  in  Canada. 


Canadian  Railway  Board  of  Adjustment  No.  1 

Nos.  9-18 — Reports  of  Proceedings  of  the 
Board  covering  three-year  periods  from 
1923  to  1951. 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada  and  Other 
Countries,  1952  Price:  15  cents. 


Annual  Report  on  Wage  Rates  and  Hours  of 
Labour  in  Canada         Price:  25  cents. 


Labour-Management 
Publications- 


Co-operation     Service 


Teamwork  in  Industry  (monthly). 
Industrial  Democracy  at  Work. 
The  Story  of  Five  LMPCs. 
Partners  in  Production  No.  2. 
Teamwork  in  Action. 
A  Stitch  in  Time. 
Co-operation  Works  Here. 
Meters.  Motors  and  Men. 

Joint  Consultation  in  the  E.  B.  Eddy  Com- 
pany. 
Joint  Consultation  in  Service  Industries. 
Making  the  Most  of  Your  LMPC. 
The  Foreman  and  the  LMPC. 
Labour-Management  Co-operation  Service. 
The  Labour  Representative  on  an  LMPC. 
Duties  of  an  LMPC  Chairman. 
What  Management  Men  Say  about  LMPCs. 


Provincial  Labour  Standards 

(concerning  child  labour,  holidays,  hours  of 
work,  minimum  wages,  weekly  rest-day  and 
workmen's  compensation)    Price:  10  cents. 


2  Minutes  of  Employment  Facts- 

(semi-monthly)         Free. 


Labour  Legislation  in  Canada  as  Existing  on 
December  31, 1948 

Price:  $2.00. 

First  Supplement  (1949-50)  Price:  25  cents. 


Workmen's  Compensation  in  Canada 

(a  comparison  of  provincial  laws) 
Price.  10  cents. 


Occupational  Monographs— 

Free. 

Bricklayers  and  Stone  Masons. 

Careers  in  Natural  Science  and  Engineering. 

Carpenter. 

Electrician. 

Forge  Shop  Occupations. 

Foundry  Workers. 

Lawyer. 

Machinist  and  Machine  Operator  (Metal).    . 

Mining  Occupations. 

Motor  Vehicle  Mechanics  and  Repairmen. 

Optometrist. 

Painter. 

Plasterer. 

Plumber,  Pipe  Fitter  and  Steam  Fitter. 

Printing  Trades. 

Sheet  Metal  Worker. 

Social  Worker. 

Technical    Occupations    in    Radio    and    Elect- 
ronics. 

Tool  and  Die  Maker. 


CURRENT 

manpower  and  labour  relations 

REVIEW 

Economics   and   Research    Branch,   Canadian   Department  of  Labour 

Current  Manpower  Situation 

EXPANSION  of  outdoor  activities  continued  unabated  during  July. 
Seasonal  activities  such  as  berry  picking,  fruit  and  tobacco 
harvesting  and  haying  were  either  begun  or  completed  and  in  many 
parts  of  the  country,  grain  harvesting  was  in  progress.  This,  together 
with  peak  activities  in  construction  and  the  tourist  trade  put  consider- 
able pressure  on   labour  supplies. 

In  addition,  it  was  estimated  that  a  quarter  of  a  million  workers 
were  on  vacation  during  July.  About  one  out  of  every  two  manufacturing 
plants  closes  down  for  one  or  two  weeks  during  the  summer  months  but 
otherwise  vacationing  workers  are  replaced  largely  by  students  and 
women  who  enter  the  labour  force  temporarily.  As  a  result,  although 
the  number  of  persons  working  full  time  dropped  slightly,  Canada's 
civilian  labour  force  reached  a  record  size  of  five  and  a  half  million 
workers  in  July.  More  local  labour  markets  came  into  balance  and  by 
August  1,  labour  demand  and  supply  were  in  balance  in  87  of  the  111 
main  employment  areas  (four  previously  separate  areas  have  now  been 
combined  with  adjoining  ones.)  Labour  surpluses  existed  in  16  and 
shortages   in  the  remaining  eight. 

while  labour  requirements  have  continued  to  increase  year  by  year 
since  the  most  recent  employment  expansion  began  in  the  early  summer 
1952,  over-all  labour  supplies  have  also  increased  steadily  through 
the  natural  growth  of  the  population  and  through  immigration.  No  serious 
manpower  problems  either  in  terms  of  shortages  or  surpluses  have  de- 
veloped. By  August  1,  about  80  per  cent  of  Canada's  paid  workers 
were  employed  in  areas  where  labour  demand  and  supply  were  in  approxi- 
mate balance.  While  the  statistical  picture  was  much  the  same  as  that 
of  a  year  ago,  one-third  of  the  areas  in  balance  this  year  are  verging 
on  shortages,  whereas  last  year  they  were  closer  to  having  slight  sur- 
pluses. The  areas  with  shortages  or  surpluses  are  too  far  apart,  however, 
to  balance  demand  and  supply  through  the  transfer  of  workers  from  one 
to   the  other. 

During  the  first  seven  months  of  1953,  only  an  insignificant  part 
of  Canada's  manpower  potential   was   lost  through  strikes  and  lockouts. 


A       Monthly       Labour        Gazette       Feature 

1099 


CURRENT 


"■■■•« 


INDEX 


TRENDS 


THOUSANDS 


H  I  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EMPLOYMENT 

■AveragesI  "n  Hl<-  al  *•*■$•  office, 

1  ■■  '  ■     I   ■      i i * *— i. — i «■«.-.       * 


CENTS  PER  HOUR 


140 
130 

120 

110 
100 
90 


1953 


1952 


;|  Averages! 


AVERAGE  HOURLY  EARNINGS 


>■■■■■» <      >     i      ' 


HOURS  PER  WEEK 


120 


1952 


CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX 

1949-100 


■* i i,,.;j..,.itv,,„t,    ,i 


REAL  WEEKLY  EARNINGS 

— 1953 


^^ — „ 
119521 


120 


110 


100 


MILLIONS 


1100 
1000 
900 


700 
600 


TOTAL  LABOUR  INCOME 


1953; 


I  fAveragesf 


1952 


S  S  '  FMAMJJASONDJ 


S  S  J   FMAMJJASONDJ 


The    99    strikes    that    occurred    this    year    amounted    to    only    14  per  cent 
of  the  man-working  days  lost  in  the   150  strikes  in  same  period  in  1952. 

The  rising  level  of  employment  on  the  one  hand  and  increasing 
average  weekly  earnings  on  the  other  raised  labour  income,  which  in 
turn  is  permitting  high  and  rising  sales  levels.  By  early  summer,  labour 
income  was  more  than  10  per  cent  higher  than  a  year  ago.  With  consumer 
prices  either  firm  or  rising  only  slightly,  real  incomes  are  continuing 
to  rise. 

Consumers'  increasing  willingness  to  use  credit,  a  trend  that 
started  a  year  ago,  is  continuing  although,  the  rate  of  increase  appears 
to  have  slowed  down.  While  consumers  have  saved  relatively  as  much 
as  before,  they  have  at  least  doubled  their  instalment  indebtedness 
during  the  past  year.  Cash  loans  and  charge  accounts  increased  25 
and  18  per  cent  respectively  in  the  first  quarter  in  1953  over  the  same 
period  in   1952. 

Reflecting  this  high  level  of  consumer  income  and  expenditures, 
department  stores  and  retail  sales  levels  continued  to  exceed  those 
of  a  year  earlier.  However,  the  margins  over  last  year  are  declining, 
reflecting  the  marked  pick-up  after  mid-1952  and  the  smaller  rate  of 
increase   in   credit  sales. 

While  defence  expenditures  are  no  longer  raising  employment  levels, 
they  are  sustaining  them.  Electrical,  electronic,  aircraft,  shipbuilding 
and  transportation  industries  are  benefiting  most.  Soft  goods  industries, 
however,    now    have    to    depend   largely   on   civilian   markets. 

Levels  of  residential  and  commercial  construction  this  year  far 
exceed  those  of  1952.  Total  starts  and  completions  for  the  first  six 
months  of  the  year  are  about  30  and  40  per  cent  respectively  above 
those  for  the  same  period  in  1952.  Engineering  and  industrial  invest- 
ment, on  the  other  hand,  is  about  25  per  cent  below  last  year's  level. 
Residential  and  commercial  construction  usually  requires  more  labour 
per  dollar  invested  and  it  also  involves  greater  dispersion  of  employ- 
ment both  geographically  and  in  terms  of  the  large  number  of  industries 
supplying  materials. 

Several  manufacturing  industries  have  shown  considerable  expansion 
over  the  year.  Employment  in  the  motor  vehicle  industry  was  18  per 
cent  higher  in  June  this  year  than  last;  in  the  electrical  goods  industry, 
18  per  cent  higher;  and  in  shipbuilding,  and  the  leather  products  in- 
dustries, about  10  per  cent  higher.  Employment  in  the  agricultural 
implements  industry,  on  the  other  hand,  decreased  by  about  20  per 
cent.  Coal-mining  employment  is  also  declining,  partly  as  a  result  of 
the  past  mild  winter  but  also  because  of  the  substitution  of  oil  for  coal. 

-  Regionally,  labour  supply  and  demand  are  generally  in  balance. 
In  Ontario,  95  per  cent  of  the  paid  workers  are  in  balanced  areas;  in 
Quebec,  more  than  80  per  cent  are  in  balanced  and  about  15  per  cent 
in  surplus  areas;  in  the  Atlantic  region,  about  75  per  cent  are  in  balanced 
and  20  per  cent  in  surplus  areas;  in  the  Prairie  region  about  70  per  cent 
are  in  balanced  areas  and  the  remainder  in  shortage  areas.  In  the  Pacific 
region,  only  35  per  cent  of  the  paid  workers  are  in  balanced  areas  but 
this  is  largely  because  Vancouver  —  New  Westminster,  by  far  the  largest 
area  in   the   region,   lias   a  slight  labour   surplus. 

1101 


Labour— Management   Relations 

AT  the  middle  of  August,  collective  bargaining  was  in  progress  in 
many  important  Canadian  industries.  The  predominant  bargaining 
issue  was  wage  rates,  although  considerable  emphasis  was  being  placed 
on  such  matters  as  vacations,  paid  holidays  and  welfare  benefits.  Wage 
settlements  readied  during  July  and  the  early  part  of  August,  continuing 
the  earlier  trend,  were  mainly  for  increases  in  the  range  of  5  to  10  cents 
an  hour.  Strike  activity  during  the  first  seven  months  of  1953  was  con- 
siderably less  than  for  the  same  period  in  1952.  By  the  end  of  July, 
99  strikes  had  occurred,  accounting  for  .83,900  man-working  days 
lost,  compared  with  150  strikes  and  2,217,400  man-working  days  during 
the   same   period   last  year. 

Current  Bargaining.  Among  major  Canadian  industries  in.  which 
collective  bargaining  is  in  preliminary  stages  and  in  which  developments 
can  be  expected  in  the  near  future  ^re  meat  packing,  primary  iron  and 
steel,   men's   clothing  and  rubber  products. 

Talks  have  begun  between  the  three  leading  meat-packing  firms, 
Canada  Packers  Limited,  Swift  Canadian  Company  Limited  and  Burns 
Company  Limited,  and  the  I  nited  Packinghouse  Workers  of  America 
(CIO-CCL)  over  revisions  in  their  contracts.  Specific  demands  of  the 
union  have  not  been  released  but  it  is  understood  that  a  general  wage 
increase  and  adjustments  in  the  rates  for  skilled  workers  are  to  be 
considered.  Lach  of  the  three  firms  usually  negotiates  an  agreement 
with  the  union  covering  all  its  Canadian  plants  and  these  influence 
bargaining  in  the   remainder  of  the   industry. 

Negotiations  between  the  United  Steelworkers  of  America  (CIO- 
CCL)  and  the  Steel  Company  of  Canada  Limited  at  Lamilton  and  the 
Algoma  Steel  Corporation  at  Sault  Ste.  IViarie  were  at  a  more  advanced 
stage.  The  union  is  seeking  an  SVrcent-an-hour  increase  under  a  wage- 
reopening  clause,  the  same  amount  as  was  agreed  upon  in  the  I  nited 
States   primary   iron  and  steel  industry. 

Likewise  under  a  contract  re-opening  clause,  the  Amalgamated 
Clothing  Workers  of  America  (CIO-CCL)  will  seek  a  wage  increase  and 
changes  in  holiday  arrangements  for  workers  in  the  men's  garment  in- 
dustry   in    eastern   Canada,   chiefly   in   Toronto,    Montreal   and  Hamilton. 

Wage  rates,  holiday  allowances  and  welfare  benefits  are  the  main 
items  in  bargaining  scheduled  between  major  Canadian  rubber  companies 
and  the    United   Rubber  Workers   of  America  (CIO-CCL). 

In  other  industries,  including  west-coast  logging  and  lumbering,  sec- 
tions of  the  metal-mining,  coal-mining,  pulp  and  paper  and  electrical 
products     industries,    bargaining    has    been    in    progress    for   some   time. 

hollowing  a  membership  vote,  the  International  Woodworkers  of 
America  (CIO-CCL)  accepted  a  conciliation  board  report  recommending 
a  wage  increase  of  five  cents  an  hour  plus  incorporation  of  a  nine-cent 
cost-of-living  bonus  into  basic  rates  for  approximately  30,000  west 
coast  loggers  and  lumber  workers.  More  than  100  of  the  operators  re- 
presented by  Forest  Industrial  Relations  Limited  also  indicated  ac- 
ceptance  of  the   report  but  33  others  requested  further  bargaining. 

1102 


A  referendum  among  employees  of  the  Consolidated  Mining  and 
Smelting  Company  Limited  in  British  Columbia  represented  by  tie  Inter- 
national Union  of  Mine,  Mill  and  Smelter  Workers  (independent)  favoured 
the  acceptance  of  a  conciliation  board  report  recommending  continuance 
of  the  previous  wage  scale  and  three  weeks'  vacation  after  IS  rather 
than  20  years  of  service.  The  company  and  the  union  will  give  further 
consideration  to  the  pension  plan,  which  has  been  the  cause  of  some 
difficulties. 

Meanwhile,  in  sections  of  the  metal-mining  industry  in  Northern 
Ontario  and  Quebec,  little  progress  was  made  in  negotiations  between 
the  United  Steelworkers  of  America  (CIO-CCL)  and  several  mine  manage- 
ments. The  largest  firms  involved  are  Noranda  Mines  Limited  in  (Quebec 
and  Mclntyre  Porcupine  Mines  Limited  in  the  Timmins  area  of  Ontario. 
The  report  of  a  conciliation  board  dealing  with  the  Noranda  dispute 
is  expected  shortly.  In  the  Mclntyre  dispute  a  conciliation  board  re- 
ported some   time  ago. 

In  Nova  Scotia  coal  mining,  members  of  the  United  Mine  Workers  of 
America  (CCL)  have,  for  the  second  time,  voted  to  reject  the  report  of  a 
conciliation  board  recommending  extension  of  the  present  agreement.  It 
has  not  been  indicated  what  union  action  will  be  taken  as  a  result  of 
the   two  votes. 

Agreements  had  not  been  reached  in  sections  of  the  pulp  and  paper 
industry  where  negotiations  were  resumed  in  June  after  being  held  over 
from  spring  (L.G.  May,  p.  644).  Ontario  newsprint  and  pulp  mills  and 
units  of  the  Canadian  International  Paper  Company  in  Quebec,  New- 
Brunswick  and  Ontario  were  the  two  major  groups  of  mills  concerned. 
The  principal  unions  are  the  International  Brotherhood  of  Pulp,  Sulphite 
and  Paper  Mill  Workers  (AFL-TLC)  and  the  International  Brotherhood  of 
of  Paper  Makers  (AFL-TLC),  who  had  originally  demanded  a  five-per- 
cent increase  in  wage  rates.  A  conciliation  officer  was  requested  for  the 
Ontario  group  of  newsprint  and  pulp  mills. 

A  conciliation  board  was  established  to  deal  with  differences 
between  the  Canadian  Westinghouse  Company  at  i  amikon  and  Local 
504  of  the  United  Electrical,  Radio  and  Machine  Workers  (independent), 
who  have  been  negotiating  for  the  past  several  months.  1  hearings  before 
the    board  were   expected   to  get  under  way  during   August. 

Recent  Agreements.  Among  the  agreements  signed  during  the  past 
few  weeks,  two  covering  hotels  and  one  covering  certain  classes  of 
employees  of  the  Canadian  Broadcasting  Corporation  are  of  consider- 
able  interest. 

In  July,  an  agreement  was  reached  between  the  1  otel  and  Ilestau- 
rant  Employees'  and  Bartenders'  International  Union  (AFL-TLC)  and 
31  Vancouver  hotels  under  which  the  work  week  was  reduced  to  40 
hours  (L.G.,  July,  p.  972).  During  the  same  period  the  Canadian  Brother- 
hood of  Railway  Employees  and  other  Transport  Workers  (CCL)  negoti- 
ated an  agreement  with  the  Uotel  Vancouver,  also  providing  a  40-hour 
week  without  reduction  in  take-1  ome  pay.  In  addition,  the  sane  union 
and  six  large  Canadian  Pacific  hotels  across  the  country  reached  an 
agreement  which  includes  a  reduction  in  hours  of  work  without  loss 
of   take-home   pay.   In   five   of  the   hotels,   hours   were   reduced   to  40  per 

1103 


week.  At  the  Chateau  Frontenac  Hotel  in  Quebec,  the  reduction  was 
from  48  to  44.  Negotiations  between  the  CBRE  and  several  Canadian 
National   hotels  were   scheduled  to  follow. 

On  July  31,  a  collective  agreement  was  signed  by  the  Canadian 
Broadcasting  Corporation  and  the  National  Association  of  Broadcast 
Employees  and  Technicians  (CCL).  This  agreement,  covering  500 
technical  employees,  is  the  first  involving  employees  of  the  Corpo- 
ration. It  provides  a  general  wage  adjustment,  a  reduction  in  hours 
from    42    to   40   per  week  and   a  modified   Rand  Formula. 

An  arbitration  award  applying  to  the  railways  and  arising  out  of 
bargaining  last  year  was  released  this  month.  Last  January,  the  Brother- 
hood of  Railroad  Trainmen  (independent)  and  the  railway  companies 
reached  an  agreement  which  provided  a  12-per-cent  wage  increase, 
retroactive  to  February,  1952,  and  reduction  from  a  48-hour  week  to  a 
five-day  40-hour  week  for  yard  service  employees,  effective  October  1, 
1953.  The  method  of  calculating  the  wage  adjustment  when  the  five-day 
week  becomes  effective  was  left  to  a  referee.  Mr.  Justice  Kellock,  the 
referee,  ruled  that,  as  of  October  1,  rates  are  to  be  increased  by  20 
per  cent  of  those  which  existed  immediately  prior  to  the  12-per-cent 
wage   increase. 

Work  stoppages.  Two  important  strikes  began  during  July  and  at  the 
time    of   writing   were   continuing   without  signs    of  an   early  settlement. 

One,  involving  800  gold  miners  employed  in  three  northern  Ontario 
mines,  Broulan  Reef  Mines  Limited,  Preston  East  Dome  Mines  Limited 
and  Hallnor  Mines  Limited,  began  July  11  after  prolonged  negotiations 
and  conciliation.  The  union,  the  United  Steelworkers  of  America  (CIO- 
CCL)  demanded  increased  wages,  a  reduction  in  the  48-hour  work  week, 
six  paid  statutory  holidays  and  an  improved  vacation  plan.  The  as- 
sistance of  the  Minister  of  Labour  for  Ontario  and  the  chief  conciliation 
officer  for  his  Department  were  invoked  in  an  endeavour  to  settle  the 
strike.  By  mid-August,  violence  *which  accompanied  the  early  days  of 
the  strike  had  apparently  subsided. 

A  strike  of  1,500  truck  drivers,  warehousemen  and  helpers  employed 
by  motor  transport  firms  in  south-western  Ontario  and  represented  by  the 
International  Brotherhood  of  Teamsters,  Chauffeurs,  Warehousemen  and 
Helpers  of  America  (AFL-TLC)  began  July  20  over  failure  to  reach 
agreement  on  wages.  As  in  the  gold  mining  strikes,  the  violence  which 
occurred   in  the   first  week  of  the  strike  has  apparently  abated. 

Certifications.  Of  many  certifications  over  the  past  few  weeks,  two 
aroused  particular  interest.  A  contest  for  bargaining  rights  between  the 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America  (CCL)  and  the  Seafarers  International 
Union  (AFL-TLC)  over  the  right  to  represent  unlicensed  seamen  on 
Great  Lakes  ships  of  the  Hall  Corporation  was  settled  in  favour  of  the 
latter  union  after  a  vote  taken  among  the  employees  by  the  Canada 
Labour  Relations  Board.  In  Saskatchewan's  uranium  mining  area,  the 
International  Union  of  Mine,  Mill  and  Smelter  Workers  (independent) 
was  certified  by  the  provincial  Labour  Relations  Board  at  Rix  Athabasca 
Mines,  the  third  mine  in  the  area  in  which  the  union  has  obtained  bar- 
gaining rights.  The  union  reports  that  it  is  seeking  to  represent  employ- 
ees  of  other  mines    in  the  area. 

1104 


CANADA 

Proportion     of    poid    workers    within    each 
of    the    four    labour    market    groups, 
P*  Cent  Per  Cent 


90 
80 
70 
1*0 
50 


SURPLUS  SURPLUS  BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP  1  GROUP  2  GROUP  3  GROUP  4 


Manpower  Situation  in  Local  Areas 

THE  expansion  of  construction, 
transportation,  farming  and 
fishing  operations  absorbed  ad- 
ditional workers  during  July  and 
caused  further  changes  in  labour 
market  classifications.  Hy  August 
1,  only  16  of  111  areas  covered  in 
the  monthly  survey  still  had  slight 
labour  surpluses,  a  decrease  of 
six  from  July  l1.  Areas  with 
balanced  labour  supply  and  demand 
showed  a  corresponding  increase 
from  81  to  87,  while  labour  short- 
ages continued  in  eight  areas.  Of 
the  latter,  six  were  in  the  Prairie, 
one  in  the  Ontario  and  one  in 
the  Atlantic   region. 

Comparison  with  last  year,  as  illustrated  by  the  chart  and  table  on 
this  page,  shows  that  six  more  areas  were  in  balance  this  year  than 
last  but  that  the  proportion  of  wage  and  salary  workers  in  this  category 
was  the  same.  One  important  difference  from  last  year  is  that  Edmonton, 
in  balance  a  year  ago,  is  now  classified  as  a  shortage  area  because  of 
the  large  volume  of  construction  and  growing  industrial  employment. 
Another  notable  difference  is  the  Vancouver— New  YVestminster  area, 
where  the  labour  surplus  last  year  was  large,  as  the  result  of  strikes 
in  the  lumbering  and  construction  industries, whereas  at  the  beginning 
of  August  this  year  the  labour  surplus  was  much  smaller  and  was  being 
steadily  reduced. 

In  evaluating  the  significance  of  the  number  of  labour  market  areas 
in  the  various  categories  of  the  table  below,  it  is  necessary  to  keep 
in  mind  the  marked  seasonal  variations  in  labour  requirements  through 
the  year  in  Canada.  Each  year,  from  December  to  March,  labour  surpluses 
decline  sharply  during  the  spring  months  and  shortages  often  occur 
during  the  summer  and  early  fall. 


1The   number   of   areas   covered   has   been  changed   from    115  to    111:  see    inside  back 
cover,  Labour  Gazette. 


Labour  Market 
Areas 

Labour  Surplus* 

Approximate 
Balance* 

Labour 
Shortage* 

1 

2 

3 

4 

Aug.    1 
1953 

Aug.   1 
1952 

Aug.   1 
1953 

Aug.   1 
1952    . 

Aug.   1 
1953 

Aug.  1 

1952 

Aug.   1 
1953 

Aug.   1 
1952 

Metropolitan 

- 

1 

1 

8 

9 

1 

- 

Major  Industrial 

- 

- 

8 

7 

21 

20 

1 

3 

Major  Agricultural 

- 

- 

- 

- 

10 

8 

4 

6 

Minor 

- 

— 

7 

8 

48 

44 

2 

5 

Total 

- 

1 

16 

15 

87 

81 

8 

14 

•See  inside  back  cover,  Labour  Gazette. 


1105 


CLASSIFICATION    OF   LABOUR   MARKET   AREAS,   AUGUST    1,   1953 


APPROXIMATE 

LABOUR 

LABOUR  SURPLUS 

EALANCE 

SHORTAGE 

Group  1                                Group  2 

Group  3 

Group  4 

Vancouver  -  New 

Calgary 

Edmonton 

Westminster 

Hamilton 
Montreal 

METROPOLITAN  AREAS 

Ottawa -Hull 

(labour  force  75,000  or  more) 

Quebec  -  Levis 
St.  John's 
Toronto 

Winnipeg 

Drantford 

Corner  Brook 

Kitchener 

Farnham  -  Granby 

Cornwall 

Lac  St.  Jean 

Fort  William - 

Saint  John 

Fort  Arthur 

Shawinigan  Foils 

Guelph 

Sydney 

Halifax 

Trois  Rivieres 

Joliette 

Valleyfield- 

Kingston 

[eauhornois 

London 

MAJOR  INDUSTRIAL   AREAS 
(labour  force  25,000-75,000: 

Moncton 
New  Glasgow 
Niagara  Feninsula 

60  per  cent  or  more  in 

Cshawa 

non-agricultural  activity) 

Peterborough 
Rouyn  -Vol  d'Cr 
Sarnia 
Sherbrooke 
St.  Hyacinthe 
Sudbury 
Tirrmins  - 

Kirkland  Lake 
Victoria 
Windsor 

barrie 

Lrondon 

Charlottetown 

Red  Deer 

Chatharr 

Regina 

Lethbridge 

Yorkton 

MAJOR  AGRICULTURAL  AREAS 

Moose  Jaw 

(labour  force  25,000-75,000: 

North  Cattleford 

40  per  cent  or  more  in  agriculture) 

Prince  Albert 
Riviere  du  Loup 
Saskatoon 

TKctford  -  Megontic  - 
St.  Georges 

Luckingham 

Eothurst 

Grand  Falls 

Central  Vancouver 

[.elleville  -Trenton 

Swift  Current 

Island 

Lracebridge 

Orummondville 

Brampton 

Fredericton 

Lridgewater 

Gaspe 

Campbellton 

Newcostle 

Chilliwack 

Sorel 

Cronbrook 

Dauphin 

Dawson  Creek 

Drurrheller 

Edmundston 

Gait 

Goderich 

Ingersoll 

Kamloops 

Kentville 

Lachute  - 

Ste.  Therese 
Leamington 
Lindsay 
Listowel 
Medicine  Kat 
Montmagny 

MINOR  AREAS 

North  Eay 

(labour  force  10,000-25,000) 

• 

Okanogan  Valley 

Owen  Sound 

Pembroke 

Portage  lo  Froirie 

Prince  George 

Prince  Rupert 

Ouebec  -  North  Shore 

Rimouski 

Soulf  Ste.  Marie 

Simcoe 

Ste.  Agathe- 

St.  Jerome 

St.  Jean 

Strotford 

St.  Stephen 

St.  Thomas 

Summerside 

Trail  -Nelson 

Truro 

Victoriaville 

Wolkerton 

Weyburn 

Woodstock,  Ont. 

Woodstock,  N.B. 



Yormouth 

ATLANTIC 


ATLANTIC 

Proportion     of    paid    workers    within    oach 

of    tho    four    labour    market    groups,    1953. 

Por  C«nt P»r  Cont 


\              A,pQ .     1 

_  ' 

■ 

.    Pk 

pi 

,,   ,  !:: 

,        1 4 

SURPLUS  SURPLUS  BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP  1  GROUP  2  GROUP  3  GROUP  4 


DURING  July,  employment  con- 
tinued to  increase  in  the  Atlantic 
region  as  outdoor  activities,  par- 
ticularity farming,  approached  a 
summer  peak.  By  the  week  ending 
July  18,  full-time  workers  numbered 
471,000,  an  increase  of  3,000 
from  the  previous  month.  At  the 
same  time  the  agricultural  labour 
force  increased  by  14,000.  Part 
of  this  increase  resulted  from 
seasonal  additions  to  the  labour 
force  and  part  from  shifts  out  of 
logging  and  sawmilling  into  agri- 
culture. 


In  addition  to  the  general 
increase  in  agricultural  activity,  manufacturing  and  construction  employ- 
ment rose  moderately,  though  the  gains  were  unevenly  distributed  among 
the  Maritime  Provinces.  Pulp  and  paper  and  saw  and  planing  mills  in 
New  Brunswick  accounted  for  most  of  the  increase  in  manufacturing 
employment  while  the  only  appreciable  gain  in  construction  occurred 
in  Nova  Scotia.  At  the  beginning  of  June,  construction  employment 
showed  a  year-to-year  increase  of  10  per  cent  in  Nova  Scotia  compared 
with  a  decrease  of  30  per  cent  in  New  Brunswick.  Labour  requirements 
were  particularly  strong  in  Halifax  during  July  as  work  on  a  multi-million 
dollar  apartment  housing  project  got  under  way.  The  influx  of  workers 
from    other    areas,    however,    provided    an    adequate    supply    of  labour. 

During  July,  labour  markets  in  the  Atlantic  region  continued  to 
move  towards  a  balanced  situation.  Five  areas  moved  from  surplus  to 
balance  and  a  shortage  of  labour  developed  in  one.  By  the  beginning 
of  August,  16  areas  had  approximately  balanced  labour  markets,  four 
had  some   labour  surplus  and  one  some  labour  shortage. 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas.  In  St.  John's,  Nfld., season- 
al increases  in  employment  were  sufficient  to  bring  labour  demand  and 
supply  into  balance,  though  a  temporary  lay-off  involving  550  workers 
occurred  at  one  of  the  iron  ore  mines  at  Bell  Island,  following  the  break- 
down of  the  main  hoist.  In  addition,  the  employment  outlook  in  this 
area  was  clouded  by  uncertain  prospects  in  the  construction  industry, 
where  the  volume  of  work  planned  was  lower  this  year  than  last.  More- 
over, intermittent  reductions  of  crews  were  to  begin  shortly  at  some  of 
the    large  defence  projects  as  they  near  completion. 

Employment  in  Sydney,  with  the  exception  of  coal  mining,  con- 
tinued to  increase  during  the  month.  At  one  colliery,  however,  1,200  men 
were  laid  off  during  the  past  two  months,  increasing  the  labour  supply 
sufficiently  to  bring  the  area  into  the  moderate  surplus  category.  Al- 
though most  of  these  men  were  still  idle  at  the  end  of  July,  many  of 
them  will  be  rehired  as  new  mining  machinery  is  installed.  Labour 
surpluses  disappeared   in  Moncton  and  New  Glasgow  with  the  increased 


1108 


demand  for  workers  in  construction,  trucking,  service  and  metalworking 
occupations.  The  construction  industry  was  particularly  active  in 
Moncton  and  it  is  expected  that  shortages  of  certain  skills  will  develop 
in  the  months  ahead  as  employment  in  the  industry  reaches  its  season- 
al peak. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas.  The  increase  in  construction 
and  other  seasonal  activities  brought  Grand  Falls  into  the  labour  short- 
age category.  Almost  all  of  the  remaining  areas  had  balanced  labour 
markets   as  hay  harvesting  accelerated  the  demand  for  farm  help. 

QUEBEC 


QUEBEC 

Proportion     of     paid     workers     within    each 

of     the    four     labour    market    groups,    1953. 

Per  Cent  Per  Cent 


rmrr- 

July    1 

v           Aug.    1 

V__/ 

iii 

,.  ,  In 

i i i — 

SURPLUS  SURPLUS  BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP  1  GROUP  2  GROUP  3  GROUP  4 


EXPANSION  in  outdoor  activities 
in  the  Quebec  region,  which  en- 
abled thousands  of  students  to 
find  summer  employment,  largely 
accounted  for  the  increase  of  about 
47,000  in  the  number  of  persons 
with  jobs  during  the  month  ending 
July  18.  This  was  the  largest 
monthly  employment  increase  in 
Quebec  this  year. 

Although  employment  in  tex- 
tiles has  been  declining  for  several 
months  and  heavy  industry  in 
Montreal  is  not  as  active  as  in 
the  early  post-Korean  expansion 
period,   over-all   employment  levels 

continued  above  those  of  last  year.  Much  of  the  year-to-year  expansion 
occurred  in  defence-connected  and  consumer  semi-durable  industries. 
Non-agricultural  employment  at  the  beginning  of  June  was  three  per 
cent  higher  than   a  year  earlier. 

Labour  surpluses  were  eliminated  in  three  areas  during  the  month 
but  the  textile  center  of  Farnham  —  Granby  reverted  to  the  slight  surplus 
category  after  being  in  balance  for  two  months.  At  the  beginning  of 
August,  83  per  cent  of  the  wage  and  salary  workers  in  Quebec  were 
in  the  15  balanced  labour  market  areas.  Moderate  surpluses  persisted 
in  the   other  nine.   There  were  no  labour  shortage   areas. 

Metropolitan  Areas.  Many  high  school  students  and  workers  released 
from  the  aircraft  industry  have  been  seeking  employment  in  Montreal 
during  the  past  two  months.  The  practice  of  closing  plants  for  the  va- 
cation period  has  tended  to  reduce  hiring  activity  in  some  manufac- 
turing plants  during  July.  Thus,  despite  heavy  outdoor  activity,  the 
number  of  workers  registered  at  the  Montreal  NES  office  remained  rela- 
tively stable. 

A  shortage  of  waitresses,  dish  washers  and  laundry  help  developed 
in  Quebec  city  as  local  help  left  the  city  for  employment  in  tourist 
resorts  in  various  parts  of  the  province.  In  general,  however,  labour 
supplies  were  ample  and  the  area  remained  in  balance. 

1109 


Major  Industrial  Areas.  Extended  vacations  were  granted  to  many 
textile  workers  in  the  Farnham  — Granby  area  during  July  so  that  there 
was  a  surplus  of  workers  again  at  the  month-end.  Rouyn  — Val  d'Or 
came  into  the  balanced  group  during  July.  By  August  1,  five  of  the 
major  industrial  areas  still  had  moderate  surpluses  while  four  remained 
in   balance. 

Except  for  the  Lac  St.  Jean  district,  the  employment  situation  in 
the  industrial  areas  did  not  differ  greatly  from  a  year  ago.  Here,  how- 
ever, a  sharp  reduction  in  construction  work  as  well  as  a  smaller  logging 
cut  created  a  surplus  almost  double  the  size  of  that  reported  a  year 
earlier. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas.  Labour  requirements  were 
approximately  equal  to  the  available  supply  of  workers  in  the  agricul- 
tural and  minor  areas  of  Quebec,  except  in  Buckingham,  Drummondville, 
Gaspe  and  Sorel.  Moderate  surpluses  persisted  in  these  four  areas. 
The  construction  program  in  Sorel  and  Buckingham  was  reduced  this 
year.  Last  year  at  this  time,  both  these  areas  were  in  the  balanced 
category. 


ONTARIO 


ONTARIO 

Proportion     of     paid     workers     within    »ach 

of     the    four    labour    market    groups,    1953. 

P«c  C«nt  Por  C«nt 


w 

July    1 

Aug.    1 

8U 

\ 

/ 

/O 

M) 

t>0 

30 

111 

IU 

i i • BBEZ3 

H- 

SURPLUS  SURPLUS  BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP  1  GROUP  2  GROUP  3  GROUP  4 


THE  movement  of  temporary  and 
immigrant  workers  into  Ontario 
labour  markets  during  July  in- 
creased the  labour  force  in  the 
region  to  1,968,000  by  July  18 
from  1,946,000  the  previous  month. 
Although  the  total  number  of  per- 
sons with  jobs  increased  by 
23,000,  the  total  at  work  dropped 
by  47,000  as  July  is  the  peak 
vacation  month. 


The  agriculture,  food-pro- 
cessing, construction,  and  tourist 
industries  were  chiefly  responsi- 
ble for  the  employment  increases 
in  Ontario  during  July.  Manufac- 
turing activity  was  sustained  at  about  the  same  level  as  in  June  but 
hirings  were  slow  since  many  industrial  plants  closed  for  a  vacation 
period  during  the  month.  Heavy  demand  for  farm  help  was  almost  com- 
pletely met  by  students,  local  industrial  workers  on  vacation,  German 
immigrants  and  harvesters  from  the  Maritimes  (about  400)  and  the  Prairies 
(130).  Although  both  hay  and  grain  harvests  were  nearing  completion 
in  most  areas,  the  demand  for  fruit  pickers  and  tobacco  workers  in- 
creased   by   the    middle    of   August    in    some    areas   in    southern  Ontario. 

At  the  end  of  July,  the  labour  supply  in  Ontario  was  sufficient  to 
meet  demand  and  34  of  the  36  local  areas. were  in  the  balanced  category. 
Kitchener  remained  in  the  labour  shortage  category  and  Brantford  re- 
tained a  slight  labour  surplus.  During  the  month,  two  more  areas  came 
into  balance,  Cornwall  from  the  surplus  category  and  Brampton  from 
shortage. 


1110 


Metropolitan  Areas.  The  labour  supply  in  Hamilton  was  still  ample, 
although  by  the  end  of  the  month  a  spurt  in  construction  activity  reduced 
the  supply  of  carpenters,  painters  and  other  construction  workers. 
Further  lay-offs  occurred  in  the  textile  industry  in  Hamilton  but  some 
plants  which  had  been  shut  down  temporarily  at  the  beginning  of  July 
re-opened  during  the  month.  Labour  markets  in  both  Toronto  and  Cttawa — 
Hull  were  still  in  approximate  balance  at  the  end  of  July,  although 
almost  all  suitable  workers  were  employed.  Industrial  hirings  in  Toronto 
eased  somewhat  during  the  month  as  many  manufacturing  plants  were 
closed  for  vacations.  The  only  apparent  labour  shortages  in  Ottawa 
were  for  engineers  and  qualified  stenographers,  while  both  of  these 
in   addition   to  automobile  mechanics   were   in   short  supply   in  Toronto. 

Major  Industrial  Areas.  In  several  major  industrial  areas,  particu- 
larly London,  Kitchener,  Windsor  and  the  Niagara  Peninsula,  vacation- 
ing workers  temporarily  increased  the  supply  of  farm  labour.  However, 
11  of  the  13  areas  were  still  in  balance  and  the  surplus  continued  to 
shrink  in  Brantford,  the  only  area  with  a  labour  surplus.  Moreover,  most 
workers  on  vacation  were  back  on  their  regular  jobs  early  in  August. 
Kitchener  remained  in  the  shortage  category,  clerical  workers,  skilled 
construction  workers  and  auto  mechanics  being  in  short  supply.  The 
demand  for  farm  hands  in  the  area  is  slackening  as  haying  and  harvesting 
near  completion. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas.  By  the  end  of  July,  the  demand 
for  harvest  help  had  been  largely  filled  by  students  or  harvesters  from 
the  Maritimes  or  Prairies  and  all  20  of  these  areas  had  approximately 
balanced  labour  markets.  A  shortage  of  service  workers  for  the  tourist 
industry  continued  in  Bracebridge  and  farm  workers  were  still  somewhat 
scarce     in    Brampton,     Barrie,    Ingersoll,    St.    Thomas    and   Woodstock. 

PRAIRIE 


ALTHOUGH  outdoor  activities  con- 
tinued to  expand  in  the  Prairie 
region  during  July,  the  labour 
supply  expanded  somewhat  as 
students  and  women  entered  the 
working  force.  The  number  of 
persons  with  jobs  increased  by 
35,000  during  the  month  ending 
July  18,  a  subtantially  greater 
gain  than  in  earlier  months.  Those 
working  less  than  a  full  week 
decreased  by  9,000  to  47,000  and 
those  working  full  time  increased 
by  3,000  to  880,000.  The  number 
of  persons  with  jobs  but  not  at 
work  because  of  vacations  or  for 
other  reasons  increased  by  41,000. 


p« 

PRAIRIE 

Proportion     of    paid    workers     within    oach 
of    the    four    labour    market    group*,    1953. 
Cent                                                                          Per  Cent 

90 

80 

70 
60 
SO 
40 

90 

B0 
70 
60 

50 
40 
30 

20 

10 

Ann        1 

\ 

/ 

N 

/ 

; 



JO 

.   : 

A 

10 

SURPLUS*SURPLUS  BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP   1     GROUP  2    GROUP  3     GROUP  4 

Crops    developed    rapidly    in    most   parts    of   the    region   during  July 
following    the    prolonged    spell    of   cool   wet   weather.    Hail   damage  was 


1111 


severe  in  some  areas,  however,  and  rust  infection  was  reported  in  a 
number  of  localities.  Farm  labour  requirements  were  generally  small 
during  the  month.  On  the  other  hand,  the  demand  for  construction  labour 
was  substantial  since  the  number  of  housing  units  being  built  at  the 
beginning  of  July  was  46  per  cent  greater  than  a  year  earlier.  As  a 
result,     there    were    shortages    of    unskilled    as    well    as    skilled   labour. 

There  was  no  significant  change  in  the  employment  situation  during 
July.  As  in  June,  labour  generally  was  in  tight  supply  throughout  the 
region.  Two-thirds  of  the  wage  and  salary  workers  were  in  balanced 
areas,     while    the    remaining    one-third    was    in    labour    shortage   areas. 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas,  Little  change  occurred 
in  the  shortage  situation  in  Edmonton  during  July.  Industrial  employment 
was  about  20  per  cent  higher  than  last  year  and  further  expansion, 
particularly  in  the  construction  industry,  absorbed  both  the  local  labour 
supply  and  workers  entering  the  area  from  other  localities.  Shortages 
of  carpenters,  bricklayers,  automobile  mechanics,  stenographers  and 
waitresses  were   general  by  August   1. 

The  labour  market  situation  in  Winnipeg  remained  in  approximate 
balance  although  heavy  rainstorms  delayed  building  activity.  The  demand 
for  carpenters,  bricklayers  and  plasterers  increased  further  by  the  end 
of  July.  The  construction  program  was  considerably  greater  this  year 
than  last  — 25  per  cent  more  housing  units  were  being  built  in  the  metro- 
politan area   this   year. 

The  construction  season  was  also  reaching  its  peak  in  FortWilliam  — 
Port  Arthur  and  almost  all  available  labour  had  been  absorbed  at  the 
beginning  of  July.  Local  supplies  were  adequate,  except  in  a  few  skilled 
trades.  The  Calgary  area  remained  in  balance. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas.  The  agricultural  labour  force 
was  augmented  slightly  during  the  school  vacation  period  as  students 
were  employed  on  farms.  During  July,  however,  demands  were  relatively 
light  and  will  not  reach  a  peak  until  later  this  month.  General  labour 
shortages  continued  in  Regina,  Brandon,  Red  Deer,  Swift  Current  and 
Yorkton.  The  most  pressing  requirements  were  for  building  tradesmen, 
waitresses  and  household  workers  but  automobile  mechanics  and  steno- 
graphers  were  also  in  strong  demand. 

PACIFIC 

FURTHER  seasonal  expansion  of  activity  occurred  in  the  Pacific  region 
during  July.  In  the  month  ending  July  18,  full-time  employment  decreased 
from  389,000  to  384,000,  largely  as  a  result  of  vacations,  but  the  number 
of  workers  employed  less  than  full  time  increased  from  39,000  to  53,000. 
The  net  increase,  therefore,  in  the  number  of  persons  with  jobs  was 
9,000.  A  comparison  with  last  year's  employment  situation  is  distorted 
by  the  strikes  in  progress  at  that  time.  The  most  recent  comparable 
figures,  however,  show  a  slight  decrease  in  industrial  employment  this 
year. 

Heavy  production  earlier  in  the  year  increased  log  inventories  to 
the   point   where  the   usual    scale  of  logging  operations   during   July  had 

1112 


PACIFIC 

Proportion  of  paid  worker*  within  each 
of  the  four  Jabour  market  groups,  1953. 
Per  Cent Per  Cent 


90 

Aug.    1  — 
/ 

ec 

,    i             July    1  - 

70                     y 

« ^ 

rf"l 

/ 

5C 
40 
30 

2<! 

10 

* 

SURPLUS  SURPLUS  BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP  1  GROUP  2  GROUP  3  GROUP  4 


to  be  curtailed.  Additional  employ- 
ment reductions  were  caused  by 
the  closure  of  several  Vancouver 
Island  logging  areas  endangered 
by  fire.  These  temporary  lay-offs, 
together  with  the  holiday  shut-down 
of  sawmills,  accounted  for  most 
of  the  increase  in  the  number  of 
workers  employed  less  than  full 
time. 

Construction  activity  con- 
tinued to  rise  to  a  peak  that  will 
probably  be  reached  this  month. 
Shortages  of  construction  workers 
occurred  at  various  points,  the 
strongest  demand  being  for  heavy 
construction  carpenters,  trowel  tradesmen  ana  pipefitters.  The  demand 
for  welders  eased  during  the  period,  although  all  qualified  welders  could 
still  be  placed  easily. 

Additional  manpower  requirements  came  from  fishing  and  agriculture. 
The  salmon  season  opened  at  the  beginning  of  July  and  catches  were 
reported  as  exceptionally  large.  The  harvesting  of  strawberries,  rasp- 
berries and  soft  fruits  required  large  numbers  of  temporary  help,  the 
supply  of  which  was  adequate  in  all  areas. 

Labour  supplies  in  most  local  areas  showed  further  decreases 
during  the  month.  There  was,  however,  no  change  in  the  number  of 
areas  in  each  classification.  At  August  1,  slight  labour  surpluses  ex- 
isted in  two  areas,  including  Vancouver  — New  Westminster.  The  labour 
market  was  in  balance  in  the  remaining  eight  areas. 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas,  In  the  Vancouver  — New 
Westminster  area,  demand  for  construction  tradesmen,  largely  from 
Kitimat  and  other  out-of-town  projects,  continued  to  increase.  Metal 
manufacturing  firms  and  sawmills  showed  little  change  in  activity  but 
labour  requirements  increased  in  the  food-processing,  furniture  and 
clothing  industries.  As  a  result,  available  labour  supplies  were  reduced 
during  July,  although  some  surpluses  still  remained  by  the  first  of 
August. 

The  labour  market  situation  in  Victoria  remained  virtually  unchanged 
from  the  previous  month.  Increasing  job  vacancies  in  construction  were 
offset  by  the  month-long  closure  of  several  large  logging  camps  as 
well  as  by  the  destruction  by  fire  of  a  lumber  mill  that  terminated  the 
employment  of  several  hundred  workers. 

Minor  Areas.  The  rising  level  of  summer  operations  absorbed  pro- 
gressively the  available  supply  of  idle  workers  in  all  minor  areas  except 
Central  Vancouver  Island.  In  this  area,  intermittent  closures  of  various 
logging  operations  released  over  1,000  loggers,  bringing  the  area  into 
the  moderate  surplus  category.  The  effect  of  this  on  the  region  as  a 
whole  was  offset  by  the  increasing  level  of  lumbering  activity  in  Prince 
George,  which  brought  the  area  from  the  surplus  into  the  balanced  category. 


1113 


Current  Labour  Statistics 


(Latest  available  statistics  as  of  August  10,  1953) 


Principal  Items 


Date 


Amount 


Percentage  Change 
From 


Previous 
Month 


Previous 
Year 


Manpower 

Total  civilian  labour  force  (a) 

Persons  at  work  35  hours  or  more  

Persons  at  work  less  than  35  hours 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

On  short  time 

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours  

Persons  with  jobs  not  at  work 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours   

Persons  without  jobs  &  seeking  work  .. 
Persons  not  in  the  labour  force  


Registered  for  work,  NES  (b) 

Atlantic  

Quebec    

Ontario   

Prairie     

Pacific    

Total,  all  regions    


Ordinary  claims  for  Unemployment 

Insurance  benefit 

Amount  of  benefit  payments    .... 


Index  of  employment  (1939  =  100). 
Immigration  


Industrial  Relations 

Strikes  and  lockouts  —  days  lost. 

No.  of  workers  involved 

No.  of  strikes    


Earnings  and  Income 

Average  weekly  wages  and  salaries   

Average  hourly  earnings  (mfg.)  

Average  hours  worked  per  week  (mfg.)    

Average  weekly  earnings  (mfg.) 

Cost-of-living  index  (av.    1935-39  =  100)  ... 

Consumer  price  index  (av.   1949=100) 

Real  weekly  earnings  (mfg.  av.    1949=100) 
Total  labour  income $000,000 


Industrial  Production 

Total  (average   1935-39  =  100) 

Manufacturing    

Durables 

Non-Durables  


July  18 

July  18 

July  18 

July  18 

July  18 

July  18 

July  18 

July  18 

July  18 

July  18 

July  18 


July  16 
July  16 
July  16 
July  16 
July  16 
July  16 


July     1 
June 

June     1 

June 


July 
July 
July 


June  1 

June  1 

June  1 

June  1 

July  1 

July  1 

June  1 
May 


May 
May 
May 
May 


5,515,000 

4,807,000 

275,000 

91,000 

23,000 

184,000 

343,000 

332,000 

11,000 

90,000 

4,522,000 


22,684 
58,623 
46,958 
20,096 
22,254 
170,615 


119,830 

$8,408,071 


188.1 
18,376 


73,486 

7,396 

30 


$57.70 

$L36 

4L7 

$56.67 

186.0 

115.4 

117.8 

969 


257.8 
272.7 
336.5 
23L9 


+     2.4 

-  L7 

-  3.2 
+  2.2 
+     4.5 

-  5.7 
+  174.4 
+  176.7 


2.4 


12.3 
7.0 
2.5 
5.4 
3.8 
4.8 


-    16.3 
-31.1 


+     2.2 
-    12.1 


0.3 
0.3 
0.2 
0.1 
0.6 
0.4 
0.3 
2.1 


1.4 
0.8 
0.4 
1.9 


5.4 

5.2 
12.0 

5.0 
32.4 

7.6 


2.3 

25.0 


+     3.1 
-    20.1(c) 


87.2(c) 
75.3(c) 
34.0(c) 


6.7 
4.8 
L0 
5.8 
1.1 
0.6 
6.4 
10.7 


+  9.9 

+  10.5 

+  12.9 

+  8.4 


(a),  (b):  See  inside  back  cover,  Labour  Gazette. 

(c)  These  percentages  compare  the  cumulative  total  to  date  from  first  of  current  year  with 
total  for   same  period  previous   year. 


1114 


Notes  01 
Current 
Interest 


Former  Labour  Secretary 
Maurice   Tobin  Dies 

Maurice  J.  Tobin,  Secretary  of  Labour  in 
President  Truman's  Cabinet  from  1948  and 
former  Governor  of  Massachusetts,  died 
July  20  of  a  heart  attack  at  the  age  of  52 
years.  Mr.  Tobin  was  the  sixth  Secretary 
of  Labour  in  the  United  States,  his  appoint- 
ment by  President  Truman  culminating  a 
series  of  political  positions  he  had  held. 

During  his  political  career,  Mr.  Tobin 
had  served  as  a  member  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts House  of  Representatives,  twice  as 
mayor  of  Boston — in  1937  and  in  1941 — 
and  as  Governor  of  the  state  from  1944  to 
1946.  While  Governor,  the  former  Labour 
Secretary  headed  an  administration  which 
adopted  a  fair  employment  practices  act 
and  which  increased  workmen's  compensa- 
tion and  unemployment  insurance  benefits. 
As  Secretary  of  Labour,  Mr.  Tobin  headed 
attempts  to  have  the  Taft-Hartley  law 
repealed  and  to  have  the  Wagner  Labour 
Relations  Act  re-enacted. 

One  of  three  sons  of  Irish  immigrants, 
he  was  born  in  Boston.  He  had  to  leave 
the  Boston  High  School  of  Commerce  in 
his  second  year  to  earn  a  living;  he  began 
work  in  a  leather  factory.  When  he  was 
25  he  won  election  to  the  Massachusetts 
House  of  Representatives,  where  he  served 
for  two  years.  Later  he  served  as  Boston's 
mayor  and  Governor  of  Massachusetts. 


AFL  Men  Fill   Top  Jobs 
In  U.S.   Labour  Dept. 

With  the  appointment  as  Assistant 
Secretaries  of  Labour  of  Harrison  C. 
Hobart,  Assistant  Grand  Chief  of  the 
Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Engineers,  and 
Spencer  Miller,  Jr.,  Director  of  the  AFL 
Workers  Education  Bureau,  all  top  posts 
in  the  United  States  Department  of  Labour 
are  now  filled  by  AFL  officials. 

Lloyd  A.  Mashburn,  named  Under- 
Secretary  of  Labour  last  January,  was  an 
AFL  official  in  California,  and  Martin  P. 
Durkin,  the  Secretary  of  Labour,  was 
formerly  President  of  the  AFL  Plumbers. 


W'alter  Reuther,  President  of  the  CIO, 
had  asked  that  a  CIO  member  be  given 
one  of  the  top  Labour  Department  posi- 
tions but  the  Senate  proved  reluctant  to 
approve  Mr.  Reuther's  nominees. 


Extend   Compensation   to 
B.C.   Civil  Defence   Staff 

Cost  of  extending  full  benefits  of  the 
provincial  Workmen's  Compensation  Act  to 
British  Columbia's  civil  defence  workers 
who  may  be  injured  on  training  or  exer- 
cises is  to  be  shared  equally  by  the  federal 
and  provincial  Governments.  This  was 
disclosed  in  a  joint  statement  by  Hon. 
Paul  Martin,  federal  Minister  in  charge 
of  civil  defence,  and  Hon.  W.  D.  Black, 
British  Columbia's  Provincial  Secretary. 

The  agreement  is  similar  to  one  made  in 
Ontario,  arising  from  Ottawa's  offer  to  share 
costs  of  compensation  which  the  provinces 
might  agree  to  pay  to  anyone  killed  or 
injured  while  serving  in  official  civil  defence 
organizations. 

The  British  Columbia  agreement  covers 
persons  training  for,  as  well  as  actually 
engaged  in,  civil  defence  work.  This  is 
defined  as  "all  measures,  other  than 
military,  carried  out  under  the  direction  of 
the  provincial  director  of  civil  defence  or 
any  local  civil  defence  authority,  designed 
or  intended  to  protect  and  preserve  life, 
property  and  public  services  against  any 
form  of  enemy  attack  and  to  minimize 
damage   therefrom,   and  includes   training". 


Equal   WorU,   Equal  Pay 
Recommended   in  Sweden 

The  principle  of  equal  pay  for  tasks 
of  equal  value  should  be  followed  in  the 
Swedish  Civil  Service,  it  has  been  recom- 
mended by  a  state  committee  of  enquiry 
appointed  in  1947.  The  committee's  report 
has  just  been  submitted. 

The  scale  of  wages  should  be  fixed 
according  to  the  work  to  be  performed, 
irrespective  of  whether  it  is  performed  by 
a  male  or  female,  the  committee  stated. 

Rejecting  the  principle  of  payment 
according  to  need,  the  committee  said  that 
state  salaries  should  be  fixed  irrespective 
of  family  commitments  or  responsibilities. 
The  necessary  adjustments  to  family 
burdens  are  a  matter  for  taxation  and 
social  policy,  the  report  said. 

Any  minimum  wage  for  males  should 
apply  also  to  females,  the  committee 
declared. 


76944—2 


1115 


Unemployment   Insurance   Benefit   Now   Continues 
During    Illness.   Injury   or   Quarantine 


Extended  unemployment  insurance  cover- 
age for  Canadian  workers  went  into  effect 
August  3. 

The  enlarged  benefits — covering  persons 
who  become  incapacitated  after  losing  their 
jobs — were  authorized  at  the  last  session  of 
Parliament  but  proclamation  of  the  measure 
was  delayed  until  July  18  while  details  of 
the  plan  were  worked  out. 

Formerly,  persons  thrown  out  of  work 
received  insurance  benefits  only  so  long  as 
they  were  available  to  take  on  other  jobs. 
If  sickness  or  other  disability  made  them 
unavailable  for  work,  they  did  not  collect. 

Under  the  new  amendment  to  the  Unem- 
ployment Insurance  Act,  those  becoming 
incapacitated — through  illness,  injury  or 
quarantine— after  unemployment  starts  will 
continue  to  receive  benefits  for  as  long  as 
they  would  be  qualified  to  get  them  if 
they  were  capable  of  working. 

The  amendment  makes  no  change  in  the 
rate  of  benefit  nor  in  the  method  by  which 
the  duration  of  benefit  is  established,  nor 
is  there  any  increase  in  the  rate  of 
contributions. 

It  has  been  felt  for  some  years  by  UIC 
officials  that  some  compensation  should  be 
provided  for  loss  of  earnings  during  periods 
of  incapacity.  Prior  to  the  introduction  of 
this  amendment,  the  Unemployment  Insur- 
ance Commission  made  an  intensive  study 
of  the  practice  of  other  countries  that 
operate  plans  of  cash  sickness  benefits, 
particularly  Britain,  the  United  States  and 
Australia. 

Under  the  plans  of  national  insurance 
operated  in  Britain  and  Australia,  benefit 
is  paid  at  the  same  rates  and  to  the  same 
class  of  insured  persons  for  any  interrup- 
tion of  employment  caused  either  by  lack 
of  work  or  by  sickness.  In  the  United 
States  similar  plans  are  in  operation  in 
four  of  the  States,  in  addition  to  a  federal 
plan  of  the  same  type  applicable  to  railway 
workers. 

The  concept  underlying  all  these  plans 
is  that  a  layoff  due  either  to  shortage  of 
work  or  to  sickness  is  involuntary  unem- 
ployment and  the  same  basic  contribution 
should  provide  the  insured  person  with 
compensation  for  loss  of  wages  in  either 
case,  excluding  any  periods  for  which  he 
is  already  entitled  to  such  benefit  under 
workmen's  compensation  legislation. 

The  plan  being  introduced  in  Canada 
does  not  go  so  far  at  present  as  most  of 
those  schemes.  It  does  not  extend  to  the 
insured  worker  who   loses  his  emploj^ment 


because  of  sickness  or  accident,  although 
benefit  can  be  paid  to  such  a  worker  after 
he  has  recovered  from  the  illness,  if  no 
suitable  work  is  then  available  for  him. 

It  is  realized  by  the  UIC  that  this 
limitation  will  cause  some  anomalies. 
Under  the  amendment,  benefit  is  payable 
only  for  days  of  sickness  if  the  claimant 
has  already  proved  entitlement  to  unem- 
ployment insurance  benefit,  has  served  the 
required  waiting  period,  and  is  actually  in 
receipt  of  benefit.  This  means  that  a  man 
who  loses  his  job  because  of  shortage  of 
work,  files  a  claim,  and  is  taken  sick  on 
the  third  day,  before  completing  the  wait- 
ing period,  will  not  qualify  for  benefit, 
while  another  man  who  is  laid  off  at  the 
same  time  and  is  taken  sick  on  the  eighth 
day,  after  completing  the  waiting  period 
and  drawing  benefit  for  a  couple  of  days, 
will  continue  to  receive  benefit  despite  his 
incapacity. 

A  similar  anomaly  will  arise  when  one 
person  has  been  laid  off  because  of  sickness 
and  another  has  been  laid  off  at  the  same 
time  because  of  shortage  of  work  but 
becomes  sick  after  starting  to  receive 
unemployment  benefit.  The  second  man 
will  continue  to  receive  it  but  the  first 
man  cannot  begin  to  receive  benefit  until 
he  has  recovered  and  can  prove  that  he  is 
capable  and  available. 

However,  at  present  it  is  considered  that 
workmen's  compensation  takes  care  of  most 
persons  whose  loss  of  wages  results  from 
injury  or  illness  arising  out  of  their  employ- 
ment and  that,  as  regards  unemployment 
which  is  the  result  of  illness  of  any  other 
kind,  extension  of  insurance  should  be 
deferred  until  experience  has  been  gained 
in  operating  the  limited  scheme  now 
introduced. 

Six  or  seven  states  in  the  United  States 
which  have  not  yet  adopted  a  full  plan 
of  sickness  insurance  have  extended  their 
unemployment  insurance  provisions  along 
the  same  lines  as  Canada  is  now  doing. 


Marine   Federation    Ashs 
Subsidies   for   Coal   Mines 

Meeting  in  Saint  John.  X.B..  the  Mari- 
time Marine  Workers'  Federation  (CCL) 
late  last  month  adopted  a  resolution  asking 
for  federal  government  subsidies  for 
Canada's  coal  mining  industry.  Such 
subsidies  are  necessary,  the  delegates  said. 
to  avert  the  closing  of  Maritime  collieries. 


1116 


Upswing   in   Housing 
Continued   in  May 

The  upswing  in  new  residential  construc- 
tion continued  in  May,  when  the  number 
of  dwelling  units  started  jumped  39  per 
cent  and  the  number  of  new  units  com- 
pleted 38  per  cent  over  the  figures  for  the 
same  month  last  year.  Starts  this  May 
numbered  13,606,  compared  with  9,801  in 
May  last  year,  and  completions  totalled 
8,099,  compared  with  5,868  a  year  earlier. 

For  the  first  five  months  this  year,  starts 
were  running  46  per  cent  ahead  of  1952  at 
35,438  compared  with  24,196,  while  comple- 
tions were  up  35  per  cent  at  32,816 
compared  with  24,259. 

Housing  Starts   in   U.S. 
Down  4   Per  Cent  in  June 

Non-farm  housing  starts  in  the  United 
States  totalled  103,000  during  June,  a 
seasonal  decline  of  about  4  per  cent  from 
May,  and  nearly  the  same  number  as  were 
started  in  June  1952,  according  to  prelim- 
inary estimates  of  the  U.S.  Labor  Depart- 
ment's Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics.  Despite 
declines  in  the  past  two  months,  June 
marked  the  fourth  consecutive  month  this 
year  that  total  housing  starts  exceeded  the 
100,000-unit  level. 

The  total  number  of  new  permanent 
non-farm  dwelling  units  begun  during  the 
first  half  of  1953  (577,100)  is  about  the  same 
as  the  final  figure  for  January-June  1952. 


Govt,   of  India   Extends 
Subsidized  Housing  Plan 

The  Government  of  India  has  extended 
a  subsidized  housing  scheme  for  industrial 
workers  up  to  March  31,  1956,  in  order  to 
cover  the  rest  of  the  Five-Year  Plan  period. 

For  1953-54  the  scheme  envisages  con- 
struction of  22,000  tenements.  The  1952-53 
scheme  set  a  target  at  28,500  tenements. 

Of  the  22,000  tenements  provided  for  in 
1953-54,  about  14,000,  it  is  expected,  will  be 
built  by  State  Governments  and  Housing 
Boards,  3,500  by  Co-operative  Societies  and 
4,500  by  employers. 


Few?  U.S.   Firms   Have   Plan 
For   Utilizing   Old  Workers 

Few  firms  have  yet  developed  definite 
policies  for  making  use  of  their  older 
workers,  a  recent  survey  by  the  American 
Management  Association  has  found. 

In  its  study  of  the  practice  of  various 
companies  to  utilize  older  workers  no  longer 


able  to  perform  their  customary  jobs  after 
the  age  of  65,  the  Association  reported  that 
so  far  the  process  appears  to  be  largely 
informal.  Re-assignment  of  the  employee 
to  another  job  with  or  without  a  cut  in 
pay  is  the  most  usual  procedure. 

Other  devices  used  by  companies  include 
decreasing  hours  of  work,  allowing  the 
employee  to  continue  in  his  usual  job  but 
with  less  pay  for  lowered  production, 
transfer  to  a  part-time  job  or  to  a  physi- 
cally less  demanding  job,  and  creation  of 
special  sections  in  which  older  employees 
are  grouped  as  casual  labour  pools  or 
homogeneous  work  crews. 

Four  elements  are  needed  in  any  program 
for  effective  utilization  of  the  older  worker, 
according  to  the  companies  surveyed  by  the 
Association.  These  are:  (1)  an  objective 
criterion  of  job  performance;  (2)  knowl- 
edge of  the  characteristics  and  demands  of 
each  job  in  the  plant  or  firm;  (3)  knowl- 
edge of  the  employee's  characteristics,  and 
(4)  matching  the  job  characteristics  with 
those  of  the  worker. 

According  to  the  companies,  job  descrip- 
tions are  often  inadequate  for  purposes  of 
re-assigning  older  workers.  Also,  psycho- 
logical measures  for  assessing  older 
employees  are  still  inadequate. 

242   U.S.   Railroads   Sign 
Union   Shop   Agreement 

All  but  four  of  the  major  carriers  in  the 
United  States  have  signed  union  shop  agree- 
ments with  the  17  non-operating  railroad 
unions. 

One  of  the  largest  railroads  in  the 
Western  United  States,  the  Union  Pacific, 
recently  added  its  40,000  employees  to  the 
number  covered  by  the  union  shop. 

In  making  the  announcement.  G.  E. 
Leighty,  President  of  the  Railroad  Teleg- 
raphers and  head  of  the  negotiating 
committee  of  the  non-operating  organiza- 
tions, reported  that  more  than  85  per  cent 
of  all  non-operating  employees  were  now 
under  the  protection  of  the  union  shop. 

He  said  there  were  some  800,000 
employees  of  242  railroads  covered  by 
union  shop  agreements.  Together  with  the 
estimated  125,000  employees  in  operating 
brotherhoods  which  have  negotiated  union 
shop  agreements,  the  total  is  almost  one 
million. 

The  negotiating  committee  of  the  non- 
operating  brotherhoods  is  continuing  its 
drive  to  include  all  railroad  employees  in 
union  shop  agreements  which  are  now 
permitted  under  the  terms  of  the  United 
States  Railway  Act  passed  in  1951  (L.G., 
June   1952,  p.  688). 


76944—21 


1117 


II  I>   Teamsters   Dismiss 
Two  Canadian   Officials 

Two  Canadian  officials  of  the  Interna- 
tional Brotherhood  of  Teamsters  have  been 
removed  from  office  during  a  reorganization 
of  the  Brotherhood's  affairs  in  its  eastern 
Canadian  district.  They  are  A.  F. 
MacArthur,  the  international's  organizer  in 
Canada,  who  has  been  President  of  the 
Ontario  Provincial  Federation  of  Labour 
(AFL-TLC)  for  five  years,  and  Neil 
MacDonald,  the  union's  business  agent  in 
Montreal. 

The  Montreal  local  of  the  Teamsters  has 
been  placed  in  receivership. 

Frank  J.  Tobin,  son  of  the  former 
president  of  the  Brotherhood  has  been 
placed  in  charge  of  the  union's  affairs  in 
eastern  Canada. 

While  the  Toronto  District  Trades  and 
Labour  Council  has  criticized  the  replace- 
ment of  Canadian  officials  by  a  representa- 
tive from  the  United  States,  President 
Percy  R.  Bengough  of  the  Trades  and 
Labour  Congress  of  Canada  has  issued  a 
statement  reiterating  Congress  policy  never 
to  interfere  in  the  operations  of  an  affiliate 
and  describing  as  "nothing  unusual"  the 
appointment  of  "other  than  a  Canadian" 
to  administer  the  union's  affairs  in  Canada. 

In  Montreal,  Mr.  MacDonald  has  organ- 
ized the  Quebec  Transport  Drivers  Union 
and  has  appealed  to  Teamsters  in  Ontario 
and  Quebec  to  leave  the  Brotherhood  and 
join  the  new  organization. 

TLC  President  Bengough,  in  his  state- 
ment on  the  developments  in  the  Teamsters, 
cautions  the  union's  members  in  Montreal 
that  they  "would  do  well  to  remain  mem- 
bers in  good  standing  and  iron  out  their 
problems  within  their  own  organization". 

Mr.  MacArthur,  although  himself  dis- 
missed, condemned  the  secessionist  move  in 
Montreal.  Efforts  to  split  the  union  would 
only  jeopardize  the  wages  and  working 
conditions  won  by  the  organization,  he  said. 


Boilermakers,   Blacksmiths 
Complete   Amalgamation 

In  an  amalgamation  convention  held  in 
Minneapolis  during  July,  representatives  of 
the  boilermakers'  and  the  blacksmiths' 
unions  in  Canada  and  the  United  States 
agreed  to  form  one  organization  known  as 
the  International  Brotherhood  of  Boiler- 
makers, Iron  Ship  Builders,  Blacksmiths, 
Forgers  and  Helpers.  The  merger  was 
approved  by  approximately  900  delegates 
from  the  boilermakers  and  300  from  the 
blacksmiths. 


The  union  of  the  two  labour  bodies  had 
been  tentatively  entered  into  in  1950  and 
was  ratified  by  the  blacksmiths  in  1951. 
Confirmation  by  the  boilermakers  in  the 
convention  made  the  union  complete.  The 
ratification  was  carried  through  without  a 
dissenting  vote. 

Addressing  the  delegates,  Charles  G. 
MacGowan,  President  of  the  Boilermakers 
and  now  head  of  the  new  organization, 
stated  that  "size,  bigness  and  power"  were 
not  the  objectives  of  the  amalgamation  but 
rather  the  major  motive  "was  one  of  pro- 
tection to  the  wage  earners  in  both  crafts". 

Speaking  on  behalf  of  the  Blacksmiths, 
President  John  Pelkofer  declared:  "We  of 
the  Blacksmiths  will  co-operate  earnestly 
and  honestly  with  President  MacGowan  and 
his  associate  officers  as  they  have  co- 
operated with  us." 

Mr.  Pelkofer  went  on  to  note  that  "we 
have  already  made  great  progress  since  our 
tentative  amalgamation  in  1950.  Now  it's 
in  full  swing.  We  have  a  great  future  as 
an  amalgamated  organization.  Working 
together,  we  should  be  able  to  accomplish 
what  we  were  not  able  to  achieve 
separately." 

Both  the  Boilermakers  and  the  Black- 
smiths are  labour  unions  with  more  than 
60  years  of  organizing  experience  in  their 
respective  trades. 


Chief   of   Train   Engineers, 
James  P.   Shields  Dies 

The  death  June  29,  in  Cleveland,  of 
James  P.  Shields  removed  from  the  leader- 
ship of  the  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive 
Engineers  its  leader  for  the  past  three  years. 
Mr.  Shields,  who  was  64  years  of  age,  died 
a  week  before  the  opening  of  the  triennial 
convention  of  the  80-year-old  organization 
which  includes  approximately  80,000  mem- 
bers in  Canada  and  the  United  States. 

The  BLE  head  was  elected  Grand  Chief 
Engineer  of  the  labour  organization  .  in 
1950,  succeeding  Alvanley  Johnston,  who 
had  headed  the  Brotherhood  for  more  than 
a  quarter  of  a  century.  During  his  service 
with  the  BLE,  Mr.  Shields  served  as  a 
local  chairman,  assistant  grand  chief,  first 
assistant  and  finally  grand  chief  in  1950. 

The  Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg  sent  a 
message  of  sympathy  to  the  brotherhood 
stating  that  "the  Canadian  Department  of 
Labour  mourns  with  the  Brotherhood  of 
Locomotive  Engineers  the  death  of  Grand 
Chief  Engineer  J.  P.  Shields."  Mr.  Gregg 
added  that  "the  passing  of  Mr.  Shields 
will  be  a  loss  to  your  80,000  members, 
many  of  them  Canadians,  who  honour  and 
respect  his  memory."     - 


1118 


Locomotive  Engineers 
Reject   Unity  Bid 

A  proposal  by  the  Brotherhood  of 
Locomotive  Firemen  and  Enginemen  that 
there  be  a  merger  between  it  and  the 
Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Engineers  was 
rejected  by  the  latter  body  at  its  triennial 
convention  in  Cleveland,  July  20.  The 
BLFE,  meeting  at  its  convention  in 
Boston,  had  requested  the  Locomotive 
Engineers  to  support  a  merger  of  the  two 
organizations  "in  the  interests  of  all  engine 
service  employees  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada". 

Speaking  at  the  Engineers'  convention, 
Grand  Chief  Guy  L.  Brown  replied  to  the 
unity  proposal  by  noting  that  the  repre- 
sentatives of  his  Brotherhood  were  not  in 
accord  with  the  suggestion  that  steps  be 
taken  to  amalgamate  the  two  labour  bodies. 
Mr.  Brown  added  that  a  referendum  held 
in  1948  had  "resulted  in  rejection  by  the 
BLE  membership"  and  stated  that  "our 
present  convention  is  bound  by  that 
democratically-expressed  mandate". 

In  urging  the  union  of  the  two  railway 
bodies,  President  D.  B.  Robertson  of  the 
BLFE  stated  that  the  "combined  strength, 
economically,  financially  and  politically, 
would  represent  a  powerful  force  to  help 
railmen  in  their  continuing  struggle  to 
improve  their  general  welfare".  Though 
expressing  "keen  disappointment"  at  the 
rejection  of  the  merger  proposal,  Mr. 
Robertson  added  that  he  was  "thoroughly 
satisfied  the  time  will  soon  come  when  all 
men  on  the  deck  of  a  locomotive  will 
belong  to  one  combined  organization". 

At  the  BLFE  convention,  both  Mr. 
Robertson  and  Carl  J.  Goff,  Assistant 
President  of  the  organization,  tendered 
their  resignations.  Both  men  had  served 
in  official  capacities  for  a  considerable 
period.  As  the  Labour  Gazette  went  to 
press,  there  had  been  no  announcement  as 
to  who  would  replace  Messrs.  Robertson 
and  Goff. 


AFL,  CIO  Packing  Unions 
To  Bargain   Together 

Joint  action  in  wage  negotiations  and 
organizing  campaigns  by  the  Amalgamated 
Meat  Cutters  and  Butcher  Workmen 
(AFL)  and  the  United  Packinghouse 
Workers  of  America  (CIO)  was  recently 
agreed  upon  in  a  pact  between  the  two 
unions.  Under  the  agreement,  machinery 
was  established  for  the  two  labour  organiza- 
tions to  work  together  in  the  wage  nego- 


tiations that  opened  in  July  and  that  affect 
approximately  250,000  workers  in  the  United 
States. 

The  new  pact  provides  that  every  effort 
will  be  made  to  conduct  joint  wage 
negotiations  with  those  companies  whose 
employees  are  represented  by  both  unions, 
that  neither  union  will  reach  a  settlement 
with  such  companies  without  first  securing 
the  other's  approval,  that  joint  "economic 
action"  will  be  taken  against  employers 
wherever  necessary  and  that  "all  lawful 
support  and  assistance"  will  be  rendered  by 
one  union  to  the  other  where  one  has 
established  authorized  picket  lines  or  is 
engaged  in  strike  action.  In  addition,  both 
unions  agreed  not  to  raid  each  other's 
membership. 

The  packinghouse  agreement  follows  a 
similar  agreement  concluded  between  the 
United  Auto  Workers  of  America  (CIO) 
and  the  International  Association  of 
Machinists  (AFL).  The  latter  pact  also 
contained  provisions  concerning  joint  bar- 
gaining sessions  and  the  prohibition  of 
raiding  either  union's  membership  (L.G., 
July,  p.  989). 


AFL  Completes  Revision 
Of   Organizing   Staff 

A  revision  of  the  machinery  under  which 
the  American  Federation  of  Labor  con- 
ducts its  organizing  activities  was  carried 
out  recently  in  Washington  at  a  two-day 
conference  presided  over  by  President 
George  Meany  and  Secretary-Treasurer 
William  Schnitzler.  Under  the  new  system 
there  will  be  14  organizing  areas  in  the 
United  States  and  one  in  Canada,  each 
under  the  control  of  a  regional  director. 

Regional  directors  will  now  be  required 
to  submit  all  applications  for  new  charters 
to  AFL  headquarters.  Formerly  the  appli- 
cations were  sent  in  by  individual  organ- 
izers. The  directors  will  also  have  to 
submit  progress  reports  every  four  months 
to  headquarters  noting  the  paid-up  mem- 
bership in  each  region. 

President  Meany  observed  that  the 
primary  aim  of  the  AFL  is  to  organize  the 
unorganized  and  that  its  organizers  will  be 
required  to  aid  national  and  international 
unions  in  their  membership  drives  as  well 
as  organizing  and  servicing  federal  labour 
unions.  The  Canadian  region  will  be  under 
the  direction  of  Russell  Harvey,  Canadian 
Director  of  Organization  of  the  AFL. 

The  CIO  recently  completed  a  similar 
re-organization  of  its  field  staff,  reducing 
from  50  to  13  the  number  of  regional  offices 
in  the  United  States  (L.G.,  July,  p.  989). 


1119 


19,000   Brewery   Workers 
Switch   to   Teamsters 

Seven  locals  of  the  United  Brewery 
Workers  of  America  in  New  York  City 
and  three  others  elsewhere  in  New  York 
State  have  left  the  Congress  of  Industrial 
Organizations  and  have  joined  the  brewery 
division  of  the  International  Brotherhood 
of  Teamsters  (AFL).  The  move  is  reported 
to  have  involved  some  19,000  workers. 

The  legal  counsellor  for  the  New  York 
locals  announced  July  6  that  units  of  the 
CIO  union  in  Toronto  and  in  six  other 
cities  in  the  United  States  were  also  due 
to  hold  votes  on  disaffiliation.  These  units, 
he  said,  have  a  combined  membership  of 
9,000  brewery  workers. 

The  lawyer  said  that  David  Beck, 
President  of  the  AFL  teamsters,  had  agreed 
to  certain  terms  laid  down  by  the  former 
CIO  affiliates  in  New  York  City  as  a  con- 
dition for  joining  the  AFL  group.  These 
were:  full  autonomy  for  each  local;  each 
local  to  maintain  its  present  jurisdiction; 
all  assets  to  remain  in  local  units;  contract 
negotiations  to  be  conducted  by  locals  and 
the  Brewery  Workers  Joint  Board  in  New 
York;  and  no  recriminations  against  any 
member  of  the  Brewery  Workers  who  might 
have  been  expelled  previously  from  the 
Teamsters.  Mr.  Beck  had  previously  said 
his  union  would  accept  any  brewery  locals 
that  wanted  to  join  his  organization. 

The  following  week,  Walter  Reuther, 
President  of  the  CIO,  issued  a  statement 
accusing  the  AFL  teamsters'  union  of  con- 
ducting a  series  of  raiding  excursions 
against  the  CIO  Brewery  Workers.  He 
declared  that  such  action  threatened  to 
destroy  the  move  toward  labour  unity  and 
that  it  violated  the  spirit  of  a  tentative 
no-raiding  agreement  drawn  up  recently  by 
the  two  labour  organizations  (L.G.,  July, 
p.  990). 

Earlier,  an  invitation  to  the  Brewery 
Workers  union  to  merge  with  the  Teamsters 
was  rejected  by  Karl  F.  Feller,  President 
of  the  Brewery  Workers. 


TWUA   Urges   Slowdown 
Of   Textile   Imports 

The  imposition  of  a  quota  system  to  slow 
down  the  "growing  importation"  of  textiles 
into  Canada  was  demanded  recently  by 
Edward  C.  Cluney,  Assistant  Canadian 
Director  of  the  Textile  Workers  Union  of 
America  (CIO-CCL). 

The  union  official  said  that  in  the  first 
quarter  of  1953,  imports  of  cotton,  rayon 
and  other  fabrics  from  the  United  States 
reached    new    records.      Imports    from    the 


United  Kingdom  were  also  up.  At  the 
same  time,  he  said,  the  industry  in  Canada 
was  operating  at  70  per  cent  of  capacity 
and  direct  employment  has  fallen  from 
101,234  in  January  1951,  to  93,120  in 
January  of  this  year.  In  addition,  many 
textile  workers  are  on  part-time  shifts  and 
face  further  reductions  in  pay  because  many 
mills  plan  unpaid  summer  layoffs. 

Mr.  Cluney  said  that  while  the  imposi- 
tion of  quotas  is  the  most  direct  and 
practical  method  of  dealing  with  the 
emergency,  his  union  believes  the  anti- 
dumping laws  should  be  tightened  to 
prevent  foreign  textiles  being  sold  in 
Canada  below  their  cost  of  production. 

Inflation   or  Depression? 
U.S.   Economists  Disagree 

Two  opposing  views  have  been  given 
recently  regarding  the  future  economic 
situation  in  the  United  States. 

Dr.  Edwin  C.  Nourse,  ex-chairman  of 
former  president  Harry  Truman's  Council 
of  Economic  Advisers,  told  a  teachers' 
meeting  in  Los  Angeles  that  at  present 
the  United  States  faces  a  depression. 

Dr.  Arthur  F.  Burns,  economic  adviser 
to  President  Eisenhower,  appearing  before 
the  House  Appropriations  Committee,  sug- 
gested that  "new  and  upward  price 
pressures"  may  develop  in  the  United 
States  economy. 

Mr.  Truman's  erstwhile  adviser  said:  "We 
have  passed  from  the  time  when  adjust- 
ment to  a  free  market  basis  would  have 
been  relatively  easy  to  one  when  it  will  be 
extremely  difficult.  The  problem  we  are 
wrestling  with  now  is  whether  we  will  act 
with  enough  intelligence  and  have  technical 
knowledge  to  prevent  any  breakdown  in 
the  flow  of  goods  and  services." 

Dr.  Burns,  of  President  Eisenhower's 
staff,  granted  that  an  examination  of  price 
movements  alone  might  easily  lead  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  country  had  entered  a 
deflationary  period.  But,  he  pointed  out, 
"if  you  look  to  the  industrial  sphere  of 
the  economy,  and  find,  as  you  do,  produc- 
tion going  up,  employment  rising,  unem- 
ployment shrinking,  the  question  is  bound 
to  come  up  whether  the  decline  in  prices 
can  well  continue,  and  whether,  in  view  of 
the  continued  growth  of  output  and  employ- 
ment, and  virtual  disappearance  of  unem- 
ployment, new  and  upward  price  pressures 
will  not  develop  in  our  economy." 

Dr.  Burns  called  attention  to  the  fact 
that  the  price  declines  have  been  concen- 
trated in  farming,  and  that  in  certain 
industries  prices  have  been  rising  steadily 
for  the  past  six  to  nine  months. 


1120 


Ont.   Public  Employees 
Hold   7th   Convention 

The  seventh  annual  convention  of  the 
Ontario  Federation  of  Public  Employees 
drew  113  delegates  to  Toronto   recently. 

The  delegates  voted  unanimously  to  con- 
tinue to  give  full  support  to  the  National 
Federation  of  Public  Employees.  They 
also  passed  a  resolution  requesting  the 
Ontario  Government  to  enact  special  legis- 
lation covering  civic  and  other  public 
employees  similar  to  that  contained  in  the 
Fire  and  Police  Department  Acts. 

Officers  elected  were:  W.  H.  Hilts, 
President;  William  Buss,  First  Vice-presi- 
dent; J.  F.  Raysbrook,  Second  Vice- 
president;  and  Irene  Sinclair,  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Executive  officers  are :  J. 
Rutherford,  E.  J.  Priestly,  T.  H.  Doyle, 
G.  A.  Gorman  and  George  Downing. 


Hospital  Beds,   Nurses 
Revenue,  Costs   Increase 

I  The  number  of  public  hospital  beds  per 

100,000  Canadians  rose  to  490  in  1951  from 
479  in  1950,  the  Dominion  Bureau  of 
Statistics  has  reported.  Official  bed  capa- 
city of  Canada's  public  hospitals  in  1951 
was  68,674,  exclusive   of  nursery  bassinets. 

In   Excess  of  Capacity 

Despite  the  increase  in  bed  space,  how- 
ever, the  hospitals  still  operated  at  3-7 
I       per    cent    in    excess    of    capacity    in    1951, 


The  number  of  nurses  in  public  hospitals 
also  rose  during  1951,  the  number  of 
graduate  nurses  by  6-2  per  cent  to  16,143 
and  the  number  of  student  nurses  and 
probationers  by  3  per  cent  to  15,107. 

Graduate  nurses  outnumbered  student 
nurses  for  the  first  time  in  1950,  the  ratio 
being  104  to  100.  In  1951  this  ratio  in- 
creased to  107  to  100. 

Hospitals  submitting  financial  data 
reported  a  16-4-per-cent  increase  in  oper- 
ating revenue  and  a  14-8-per-cent  increase 
in  total  revenue  but  a  16-9-per-cent  rise  in 
expenditures. 

Higher  Income   Groups 
Spend  More   on  Health 

Out  of  an  estimated  1,322,000  family 
units  in  Canada  with  incomes  of  less  than 
$1,500,  about  one-fifth  spent  nothing  for 
medical,  hospital,  dental  or  any  other  kind 
of  health  care  during  the  year  from  the 
autumn  of  1950  to  the  autumn  of  1951, 
according  to  a  release  by  the  Bureau  of 
Statistics  on  the  subject  of  family  expen- 
ditures for  health  services. 


The  release,  based  on  the  results  of  a 
nation-wide  sickness  survey  carried  out 
jointly  by  the  federal  and  provincial 
Governments,  is  the'  second  in  a  series 
which  will  make  public  estimated  figures  of 
the  volume  and  nature  of  illnesses  and 
accidents  of  ail  kinds,  the  amount  of 
medical,  nursing  and  other  health  care 
received,  and  the  money  spent  by  Canadian 
families  for  various  health  services  (L.G., 
June,  p.  811). 

While  19-7  per  cent  of  family  units  with 
incomes  under  $1,500  made  no  expenditures, 
the  corresponding  proportion  in  the  next 
income  group  ($1,500-12,999)  was  7-7  per 
cent.  In  the  highest  income  group  recorded 
($5,000  and  over)  only  3-3  per  cent  had  no 
expenditure  for  any  health  service. 

Average  Payments 

The  proportionately  smaller  number  of 
low-income  family  units  who  spent  money 
for  these  services  also  spent  less  per  family 
than  their  wealthier  neighbours.  Average 
for  the  under-$l,500  group  was  $46.60  com- 
pared with  $88.50  for  those  in  the  next 
highest  (and  numerically  largest)  group 
between  $1,500  and  $2,999.  Average  for  the 
group  $5,000  and  over  was  $158.70,  and  for 
all  family  units  regardless  of  income  $82.10. 

Expenditures  in  the  lowest  income  group, 
under  $1,500,  totalled  $61,600,000,  of  which 
$9,500,000  or  15-4  per  cent  went  for 
prepayment  plans,  to  which  about  28-6  per 
cent  in  this  group  subscribed.  The  highest 
proportion  of  families  subscribing  to  pre- 
paid plans  was  in  the  income  group  $3,000- 
$4,999,  where  67-0  per  cent  of  the  family 
units  in  the  group  paid  out  a  total  of 
$27,200,000  in  prepayment  plan  premiums, 
representing  28-0  per  cent  of  their  total 
health  expenditures. 

How   Money   Spent 

Twenty-seven  cents  of  the  low  income 
health  dollar  was  spent  for  medicine,  in- 
cluding nearly  11  cents  for  self-prescribed 
medicine.  In  contrast,  the  higher  income 
family  unit  with  $5,000  and  over  spent  10 
cents  of  its  health  dollar  on  prescribed 
medicines  and  less  than  5  cents  on  self- 
prescribed  medicines.  On  the  other  hand 
all  groups  spent  about  the  same  propor- 
tion of  their  health  expenditures  on  direct 
payments  for  medical,  hospital,  nursing  and 
similar  services,  ranging  from  52-9  per  cent 
for  the  $3,000-$4,999  group  to  60-2  per  cent 
for  those  in  the  group  $5,000  and  over. 
For  all  groups  taken  together  this  propor- 
tion was  54-4  per  cent. 


1121 


Australia   Sets   Up  New 
Medical  Benefits  Plan 

A  new  medical  benefits  program  in 
Australia  provides  joint  payments  from  the 
Government  and  private  insurance  organ- 
izations to  cover  a  considerable  part  of  the 
cost  of  doctors'  services.  Contributions  are 
as  low  as  25  cents  weekly. 

The  new  program,  which  came  into 
operation  July  1,  complements  a  similar 
plan  providing  insurance  against  hospital 
bills  which  has  been  in  operation  for  18 
months. 

Everyone  in  the  country  may  qualify  for 
contributions  towards  payment  of  medical 
bills  for  himself  and  his  family  by  joining 
any  non-profit  medical  insurance  organiza- 
tion approved  and  registered  by  the 
Government. 

The  Government  benefits  are  divided  into 
two  schedules.  The  first  covers  basic 
medical  services  obtainable  from  a  general 
practitioner  but  includes  also  consultations 
with  specialists  and  some  surgical  opera- 
tions often  performed  by  specialists. 

It  provides  for  professional  attendances 
in  doctors'  rooms  or  at  patients'  homes, 
administration  of  anaesthetics,  89  types  of 
surgical  operations,  midwifery  and  treat- 
ment of  dislocations  and  fractures. 

The  second  schedule  covers  services 
usually  tendered  by  specialists — tests, 
X-rays  and  more  than  200  types  of  surgical 
operations. 

Before  being  registered  by  the  Govern- 
ment, insurance  organizations  must  agree  to 
pay  benefits  at  least  equal  to  those  paid 
by  the  Government  for  the  services  listed 
in  the  first  schedule. 

Together  the  two  schedules  cover  all 
known  varieties  of  medical  services  except 
payment  for  spectacles. 

Weekly  premiums  to  his  own  insurance 
organization  by  the  subscriber  for  himself 
and  his  family  range  from  about  25  cents 
upwards.  The  proportion  of  medical 
expenses  the  program  will  return  to  any 
one  family  varies  from  about  80  per  cent 
to  less  than  50  per  cent,  depending  on  the 
nature  of  the  medical  services,  the  doctor's 
scale  of  charges  and  the  scale  of  benefits 
paid  by  the  insurance  organization. 

There  is  no  age  limit  for  government 
benefits,  but  some  organizations  in  the 
scheme  refuse  membership  to  persons  over 
65  years  of  age. 


did  not  forfeit  her  right  to  unemployment 
insurance  benefit,  it  was  ruled  by  the  New 
York  State  Division  of  Employment. 

The  woman  involved  had  been  operating 
a  lathe  at  25  cents  less  per  hour  than  the 
rate  paid  to  the  men.  When  her  employer 
refused  to  pay  her  the  same  rate  or  to 
transfer  her  to  another  machine  she  quit 
her  job  and  filed  claim  for  unemployment 
benefit. 

The  insurance  officer  disqualified  her  for 
a  period  of  six  weeks  on  the  ground  that 
she  had  "voluntarily  left  her  job  without 
good  cause".  The  woman  appealed  the 
ruling,  claiming  that  she  had  been  discrim- 
inated against  because  of  her  sex. 

Citing  a  section  of  the  state  labour  law, 
which  provides  that  no  employee  because 
of  sex  shall  be  subjected  to  discrimination 
in  rate  of  pay,  the  referee  upheld  her 
appeal,  deciding  that  she  was  "well  within 
her  rights  in  insisting  that  she  receive  equal 
pay  for  equal  work". 


Sponsor   of   Taft-Hartley, 
Senator   Taft  Dies 

United  States  Senator  Robert  A.  Taft, 
sponsor  of  the  Taft-Hartley  Act,  died 
July  31  in  New  York. 

The  Taft-Hartley  Act,  denounced  by 
American  labour  unions  from  the  time  of 
its  enactment  in  1947,  was  drafted  by  the 
Senate  Labour  Committee  while  Senator 
Taft  was  its  chairman.  It  replaced  the 
Wagner   (National  Labour  Relations)   Act. 

Son  of  a  former  President  and  Chief 
Justice  of  the  United  States,  Senator  Taft 
had  been  a  member  of  the  United  States 
Senate  since  1938.  On  three  occasions — in 
1940,  1948  and  1952— he  stood  for  nomina- 
tion as  Republican  candidate  for  the 
presidency  of  the  United  States.  Each  time 
he  failed  in  the  attempt. 


Woman   Given  Less  Pan 
Quits;   Can  Draw  Benefit 

A  woman  who  quit  her  job  because  she 
was  not  receiving  equal  pay  for  equal  work 


How   to   Increase   Productivity 

The  report  of  an  International  Labour 
Organization  committee  of  experts  on 
productivity  has  now  been  published.  The 
committee  met  last  December  in  Geneva 
under  the  chairmanship  of  Dr.  George  V. 
Haythorne,  Director  of  the  Economics  and 
Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 
(L.G.,  Jan.,  p.  50). 

The  report,  Practical  Methods  of  Increas- 
ing Productivity  in  Manufacturing  Indus- 
tries, may  be  obtained  from  the  Canada 
Branch  of  the  ILO,  95  Rideau  Street, 
Ottawa  4. 


1122 


Closer    Ties    among    Free    Labour    Organizations 
Urged  at  ICFTIPs  Third  World  Congress 


Economic  progress  in  under-developed 
countries,  full  employment,  and  closer  ties 
among  free  labour  organizations  were 
among  the  topics  debated  at  the  third 
World  Congress  of  the  International  Con- 
federation of  Free  Trade  Unions  in 
Stockholm,  Sweden,  July  4  to  11. 

Policies  were  also  advocated  for  the 
advancement  of  world  peace  without 
appeasement,  freedom  for  colonial  peoples, 
improvement  of  living  and  working  condi- 
tions of  workers  in  all  nations,  and  a 
solution  to  the  problems  of  migration. 

J.  H.  Oldenbroek,  General  Secretary  of 
the  ICFTU,  reported  at  the  opening  of  the 
congress  that  the  Confederation,  estab- 
lished in  1949,  was  composed  of  97  national 
organizations  in  73  countries,  with  a  mem- 
bership of  53,200,000  workers. 

Plea  for   Co-operation 

The  General  Secretary  called  for  effective 
international  co-operation  among  free  trade 
unions  to  defeat  attacks  on  free  labour  not 
only  in  totalitarian  nations  but  also  in 
democratic  countries.  He  said  the  world 
was  faced  with  a  "wave  of  reaction"  whose 
advocates  often  tried  to  restrict  trade  union 
rights  and  to  limit  or  prevent  trade  union 
participation  in  the  formulation  of  economic 
and  social  policies. 

Tage  Erlander,  Prime  Minister  of  Sweden 
and  one  of  the  members  of  the  Swedish 
delegation,  said  in  a  speech  to  the  congress 
that  trade  unions  could  play  a  part  in 
preventing  Communists  from  exploiting 
unrest  in  Asia  and  Africa.  The  move- 
ments for  national  freedom  in  Asia  and 
Africa  are,  he  said,  a  symptom  of  the  fact 
that  these  countries  cannot  be  kept  any 
longer  in  a  state  of  political  and  economic 
dependence. 

Mr.  Erlander  mentioned  the  support 
given  by  the  ICFTU  to  the  trade  union 
movement  in  economically  under-developed 
countries.  In  this  manner,  he  declared,  the 
ICFTU  was  fulfilling  its  chief  aim  of 
creating  solidarity  among  working  people 
the  world  over. 

Canadian  Labour 

Donald  MacDonald,  Secretary-Treasurer 
of  the  Canadian  Congress  of  Labour  and 
a  member  of  the  Canadian  delegation  to 
the  congress,  said  that  the  trade  union 
movement  in  Canada  attached  great 
importance  to  immigration  problems  and 
was  making  great  efforts  to  solve  them  in 
the  way  best  for  all  concerned.  He  urged 
intimate  collaboration  between  governments 


and  workers'  organizations,  not  only  in  the 
countries  which  receive  immigrants,  but  in 
those  from  which  the  emigrations  take 
place. 

Mr.  MacDonald  also  urged  larger  grants 
to  the  Confederation's  fund  for  under- 
developed countries.  He  said  the  Fund's 
three-year  program,  due  to  be  completed 
in  July  1954,  would  have  to  be  continued. 

Mr.  MacDonald  is  a  member  of  the 
ICFTU  executive  board. 

George  Meany,  President  of  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor,  told  the  congress 
that  fear  of  widespread  unemployment  was 
still  one  of  the  nightmares  of  the  world's 
workers.  This  fear,  he  said,  has  increased 
during  the  past  few  months  as  a  result  of 
the  slackening  rate  of  armament.  There- 
fore, it  was  necessary  for  the  free  trade 
union  movement  to  take  effective  steps  on 
domestic  and  international  levels  to  insure 
full  employment. 

Mr.  Meany  also  referred  to  the  necessity 
of  offering  the  economically  under- 
developed countries  an  alternative  to 
communism,  and  called  for  the  establish- 
ment of  free  trade  unions  in  those 
countries,  independent  of  all  government 
control. 

In  a  debate  on  economic  problems, 
Walter  Reuther,  President  of  the  Congress 
of  Industrial  Organizations,  said  that  free 
labour  must  meet  its  historic  responsi- 
bilities by  advancing  broad  economic, 
social  and  political  programs  and  policies 
which  reflect  the  needs  of  the  whole 
community.  Labour,  acting  alone  as  a 
narrow  economic  pressure  group,  can  no 
more  solve  its  problems  than  one  nation, 
acting  alone,  can  solve  the  world's 
problems,  he  said. 

Compelling  Problem 

"The  most  compelling  and  challenging 
problem  faced  by  the  free  world  is  the 
achievement  and  maintenance  of  full 
employment  and  full  production  in  peace 
time.  The  world  has  demonstrated  time 
and  again  the  ability  to  achieve  full 
employment  and  full  production  in  turning 
out  the  weapons  of  war. 

"We  must  show  equal  courage  and 
determination  to  achieve  and  maintain  full 
employment  and  full  production  for  the 
positive  ends  of  peace,  making  the  good 
things  of  life  for  people,"  he  declared. 

During  the  congress  a  telegram  was  sent 
to  President  Eisenhower  of  the  United 
States  asking  for  action  aimed  at  the 
release     of     German     workers     imprisoned 


76944—3 


1123 


(luring  the  revolt  of  June  17,  and  for  a 
formal  protest  before  the  United  Nations 
against  Soviet  "violation  of  human  rights 
and  freedom  of  association"  in  the  occupied 
zones.  The  telegram  was  signed  by  Mr. 
Meany  and  Mr.  Reuther  and  was  unani- 
mously supported  by  all  400  delegates  to 
the  congress. 

The  congress  adopted  a  resolution 
declaring  that  labour  organizations  in 
Yugoslavia  "do  not  come  up  to  the  prin- 
ciples of  free  trade  unions  expressed  in 
the  constitution  and  declaration  of  the 
ICFTU". 

Other  resolutions  condemned  the  racial 
policies  of  the  Malan  Government  in  South 
Africa  and  the  policies  of  the  French 
Government  in  Tunisia;  urged  self-govern- 
ment for  various  colonial  territories; 
demanded  political,  economic  and  social 
reforms  in  Kenya;  and  expressed  opposi- 
tion to  the  establishment  of  a  Central 
African  Federation  without  the  consent  of 
the  African  population. 

Other   Resolutions 

The  congress  also  adopted  resolutions 
dealing  with  aid  to  under-developed  coun- 
tries; trade  union  education  in  Latin 
America,  the  West  Indies,  the  Near  and 
Far  East  and  in  Africa;  the  establishment 
of  an  International  Trade  Union  College; 
firmer  action  by  the  ILO;  full  employment; 
peace  and  democracy;  human  rights;  inter- 
national migration;  minimum  wages;  equal 
pay  for  equal  work;  and  improvement  of 
wages  and  working  conditions  in  low-wage 
areas  of  the  world. 

Canada  was  represented  at  the  congress 
by  officials  of  the  Trades  and  Labour 
Congress  and  the  Canadian  Congress  of 
Labour.  Representing  the  TLC  were 
Claude  Jodoin  and  Carl  Berg,  both  Vice- 
presidents  of  that  organization,  and  Frank 
Hall,  Vice-President  of  the  Brotherhood  of 
Railway  and  Steamship  Clerks. 

CCL   Delegation 

Mr.  MacDonald  headed  the  CCL  dele- 
gation, which  included  Harry  Chappell, 
President  of  the  Canadian  Brotherhood  of 
Railway  Employees  and  Other  Transport 
Workers;  William  Mahoney,  Assistant 
Canadian  Director  of  the  United  Steel- 
workers  of  America;  and  Harold  Daoust, 
Canadian  Director  of  the  Textile  Workers 
Union  of  America.  Martin  Levinson, 
director  of  the  CCL's  Department  of  Inter- 
national Affairs,  accompanied  the  delegation 
as  an  adviser. 

The  delegation  from  the  United  States 
included  officials  of  the  AFL.  the  CIO  and 
the  United  Mine  Workers  of  America. 


The  AFL  group,  headed  by  Mr.  Meany, 
included  James  C.  Petrillo,  President  of  the 
American  Federation  of  Musicians  of  the 
United  States  and  Canada;  Elmer  Walker, 
Vice-president  of  the  International  Associa- 
tion of  Machinists;  Harry  C.  Bates, 
President  of  the  Bricklayers'  International 
Union  of  America;  A.  Shoemake,  Secretary- 
Treasurer  of  the  Brotherhood  of  Main- 
tenance of  Way  Employees;  William  C. 
Doherty,  President  of  the  National  Asso- 
ciation of  Letter  Carriers;  William  J. 
McSorley,  President  of  the  International 
Union  of  Wood,  Wire  and  Metal  Lathers; 
George  Delane3^,  AFL  international  repre- 
sentative; Harry  Rutz,  AFL  representative 
in  Germany  and  Austria;  Irving  Brown, 
AFL  representative  in  Europe;  and  Jay 
Lovestone,  secretary  of  the  AFL  Free 
Trade  Union  Committee. 

The  CIO  delegation  was  headed  by  Mr. 
Reuther  and  included  James  B.  Carey, 
Secretary-Treasurer  of  the  CIO  and 
President  of  the  International  Union  of 
Electrical  Workers;  David  J.  McDonald, 
President  of  the  United  Steelworkers  of 
America ;  Jacob  S.  Potofsky,  Chairman  of 
the  CIO  International  Committee  and  Presi- 
dent of  the  Amalgamated  Clothing  Workers 
of  America;  L.  S.  Buckmaster,  President 
of  the  United  Rubber  Workers  of  America; 
Michael  Quill,  President  of  the  Trans- 
port Workers  Union  of  America;  Joseph 
Curran,  President  of  the  National  Mari- 
time Union  of  America;  James  Thimmes, 
Vice-president  of  the  United  Steelworkers; 
O.  A.  Knight,  President  of  the  Oil  Workers' 
International  Union;  and  Michael  Ross, 
Director  of  the  CIO's  Department  for 
International  Affairs.  Victor  Reuther, 
alternate  member  of  the  ICFTU  Executive 
Board  and  CIO  European  Representative, 
and  G.  T.  Nunn  of  the  United  Automobile 
Workers  accompanied  the  delegation. 

Representatives  of  the  United  Mine 
Workers  of  America  with  the  United 
States  delegation  were  Fred  Gullick, 
Secretary-Treasurer  of  UMW's  District  5 
and  August  Lippi,  President  of  District  1. 

Reorganization    Move 

In  a  reorganization  move,  the  congress 
voted  to  increase  the  number  of  members 
of  the  ICFTU  Executive  Board  from  19 
to  25. 

Omar  Been  of  Belgium.  General  Secretary 
of  the  International  Transport  Workers 
Federation,  was  elected  President  of  the 
ICFTU,  to  succeed  Sir  Ernest  Tewson. 
General  Secretary  of  Britain's  Trades 
Union  Congress. 


1124 


Labour  Day  Messages 


Hon.   Milton  F.   Gregg 
Federal   Minister   of   Labour 


Although  Organized  Labour  down  through  the  years  has  championed  a 
great  variety  of  worthy  causes  in  every  field  of  human  endeavour,  all  these 
efforts  have  had  in  common  one  basic  objective— equality  of  opportunity  for 
all.  Thus  it  is  appropriate,  I  think,  that  on  Labour  Day  we  consider  those 
areas  of  intolerance  which  deny  the  right  of  any  of  our  people  to  share  in  the 
benefits  which  are  offered  by  the  great  social  and  economic  advances  of  recent 
years. 

Discrimination  in  employment  because  of  race,  colour  or  religion  is  an 
ugly  thing  which  Canadians  as  a  democratic  people  cannot  condone,  and  legis- 
lation, outlawing  discrimination  in  employment  in  industries  within  federal 
jurisdiction,  was  passed  this  year  by  Parliament  without  a  dissenting  voice. 
But  such  legislation,  to  have  real  and  lasting  effect,  must  have  the  moral 
support  of  the  Canadian  community — of  employers,  of  trade  unions,  and  of 
every  individual  who  truly  believes  we  all  have  equal  rights  before  man  as 
before  God. 


76944— 3J 


1125 


Further,  discrimination  in  employment  is  not  always  of  a  nature  which 
would  suggest  solution  by  legislation.  Older  workers  and  physically- 
handicapped  workers  too  often  find  it  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  obtain 
employment  even  though  they  are  ready  and  able  to  work.  Fortunately,  a 
great  many  employers  in  all  parts  of  Canada,  fully  supported  by  trade  unions, 
in  recent  years  have  modified  their  employment  policies  and  opened  their 
doors  to  older  workers  and  the  handicapped,  and  by  their  example  and  fruitful 
experience  have  greatly  widened  the  employment  horizon  for  workers  in  these 
categories.    But  much  still  remains  to  be  done. 

In  the  final  analysis,  the  solution  to  the  problems  of  discrimination  lies 
in  education.  Here  each  one  of  us  can  help.  Not  only  through  the  organiza- 
tions to  which  we  belong  but  in  our  daily  associations  with  others  we  can  do 
much  to  encourage  tolerance  if  we  do  no  more  than  remind  our  friends  and 
fellow  workers  now  and  then  that  the  practice  of  the  Golden  Rule — to  do  unto 
others  as  we  would  be  done  by — will  make  our  country  a  better  place  to  live 
for  all. 

Percy  R.   Bengough 
President,   Trades   and  Labour   Congress   of   Canada 

I  am  very  pleased  to  extend,  through  the 
medium  of  your  publication,  Labour  Day  Greetings  to 
your  readers  and  to  the  officers  and  members  of 
affiliated  unions.  Labour  Day  this  year  is  a  particu- 
larly important  date  in  the  history  of  The  Trades  and 
Labour  Congress  of  Canada.  We  are  celebrating  our 
80th  birthday. 

Eighty  years  is  a  long  time.  It  is  worth  looking 
back  over  the  years  of  effort  which  were  put  in  by 
our  predecessors  in  this  movement  and  appreciating 
how  they  made  good  use  of  this  national  Congress  of 
affiliated  organizations  which  was  created  by  them  for 
the  purpose  of  promoting  legislation  in  the  interests 
of  organized  labour  and  to  assist  in  the  raising  and 
safeguarding  of  social  and  economic  standards  of  work- 
ing people  through  organization. 
These  have  been  80  years  of  real  progress.  We  in  the  labour  movement  can  very 
justifiably  celebrate  on  this  Labour  Day,  having  in  mind  the  very  great  measure  of 
success  which  has  crowned  the  efforts  of  our  brothers  and  sisters  of  earlier  generations 
and  of  the  present  generation.  Nationally  and  provincially  we  today  enjoy  very  many 
of  the  labour  and  social  laws  which  our  predecessors  visualized  when  they  established  this 
Congress  in  1873. 

One  thing  we  should  not  forget  on  this  Labour  Day  is  that  it  took  real  effort  and 
sustained  effort  to  get  the  changes  in  laws  and  administrative  practices  which  we  now  take 
almost  for  granted.  None  of  the  new  laws  and  improvements  which  have  been  achieved 
during  the  last  80  years  was  a  gift  to  the  workers  from  benevolent  governments;  none  fell 
out  of  a  tree.  The  first  convention  of  the  Congress  in  1873  asked  for  the  establishment 
of  a  Bureau  of  Labour  and  Statistics.  Nearly  30  years  later  the  Federal  Department  of 
Labour  was  created.  The  same  founding  convention  requested  a  conciliation  law  which 
would  serve  to  settle  industrial  disputes  and  reduce  industrial  discord  to  a  minimum.  The 
first  federal  conciliation  act  was  passed  30  years  later,  in  1903.  Thirty  years  is  a  very 
extended  period  in  which  to  maintain  enthusiasm,  interest  and  effort  in  a  campaign  for  new 
legislation;  but  the  officers  and  members  of  our  affiliated  organizations  who  went  before 
us  were  able  because  of  their  courage,  far-sightedness  and  perseverance  to  bring  their  long 
campaigns  to  successful  conclusions;  and  we  are  the  direct  beneficiaries. 

One  of  the  early  successes  of  our  movement  was  the  proclamation  of  Labour  Day  as 
a  statutory  public  holiday.  The  law  was  passed  in  1894.  Next  year  we  will  be  celebrating 
our  60th  Labour  Day  in  Canada. 

The  foundations  and  principles  laid  down  for  this  Congress  80  years  ago  have  proved 
beyond  any  doubt  to  have  been  sound  and  enduring.     Our  affiliated  membership   has 

1126 


grown  steadily  throughout  the  period.  There  weren't  very  many  trade  unions  or  trade 
union  members  in  this  country  in  the  1870's.  There  were  a  few  more  in  the  1880's.  The 
numbers  grew  more  rapidly  as  we  reached  the  end  of  the  nineteenth  century  and  entered 
the  twentieth.  Each  succeeding  decade  of  the  present  century  showed  increases.  Today 
we  are  over  five  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  strong,  the  Greatest  Canadian  Family  of 
producers  and  consumers  wielding  extensive  influence  upon  public  opinion  and  govern- 
mental attitudes. 

The  growth  of  affiliated  membership  really  means  the  growth  of  the  memberships  of 
affiliated  organizations.  The  increased  influence  of  the  Congress  has  paralleled  the 
economic  strength  of  our  affiliates.  They  have  been  able  in  all  parts  of  Canada  to  gain 
higher  wages  and  salaries,  shorter  working  days  and  working  weeks,  and  improved 
working  conditions;  and  these  are  written  down  in  legal,  binding  collective  agreements 
between  the  individual  unions  and  the  employers.  The  laws  under  which  these  agree- 
ments are  reached  and  administered  were  obtained  through  the  efforts  of  The  Trades  and 
Labour  Congress  of  Canada.  The  Congress  spearheaded  the  campaigns  for  these  laws 
federally;  the  Congress's  provincial  federations  of  labour  and  provincial  executive  com- 
mittees did  the  parallel  job  in  the  provinces. 

A  further  growth  within  the  Congress  which  has  shown  the  same  forward  expansion 
in  all  parts  of  Canada  during  this  80-year  period  are  our  trades  and  labour  councils. 
The  first  of  these  councils  was  formed  in  Toronto  in  1871.  Now  there  are  nearly  70 
throughout  Canada.  These  are  the  pivotal  organizations  of  our  movement,  for  they 
provide  the  local  meeting  ground  for  the  affiliated  local  organizations  in  the  area  where 
they  can  discuss  and  decide  upon  questions  of  immediate  common  concern  and  bring  their 
full  collective  weight  into  the  successful  solution  of  their  problems. 

No  law  is  ever  wholly  satisfactory;  but  once  the  principle  has  been  established  it  is 
always  possible  through  further  influence  and  the  best  use  of  the  experience  gained  in  its 
application  and  administration  to  bring  about  further  amendments.  Viewed  in  this  light 
we  now  have  a  substantial  body  of  good  labour  and  social  legislation  in  Canada.  On  the 
social  side,  perhaps,  the  most  important  single  items  are  Unemployment  Insurance  and 
Old  Age  Pensions.  The  Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada  is  pressing  to  have  both 
of  these  extended  and  improved;  but  we  should  remember  at  this  time  that,  in  both,  the 
rights  of  the  worker  are  well  entrenched  and  the  benefits  of  both  are  not  provided  to  us 
as  gifts  but  as  well-earned  payments  to  which  we  have  contributed  while  we  were  gain- 
fully employed. 

Not  all  of  the  gains  we  have  made  through  our  movement  have  taken  30  years,  as  in 
the  past,  but  we  have  one  great  job  on  our  hands  today  which  has  taken  30  years  of 
continuous  effort  already.  I  refer  to  the  need  for  national  health  insurance.  The  Trades 
and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada  has  been  pressing  for  such  a  plan  for  at  least  30  years. 
It  will  continue  to  do  so  until  a  national  scheme  is  in  effect  in  Canada. 

In  all  of  the  efforts  put  forth  by  our  membership  and  their  officers  throughout  these 
last  80  years  they  discovered  that  their  need  was  for  more  and  more  organization. 
Gradually  our  organized  strength  grew  and  as  it  grew  we  became  more  successful  in  our 
quest  for  new  and  improved  legislation  and  in  our  efforts  to  improve  and  maintain  higher 
economic  and  social  standards.  Measured  in  these  terms  the  struggle  of  our  movement 
was  against  the  entrenched  forces  of  the  employers  and  of  those  with  vested  privilege 
within  our  society.    Today,  however,  we  have  a  third  force  to  contend  with. 

Today,  as  we  enter  upon  the  second  80  years  of  the  life  of  our  Congress,  we  must  not 
only  continue  to  wield  our  maximum  influence  upon  public  opinion  and  the  attitude  of 
government  in  order  to  gain  the  desired  and  wholly  justifiable  goals  of  organized  labour, 
we  must  also  grapple  with  enemies  who  seek  to  dominate  and  destroy  our  organizations 
from  within.  I  refer  in  particular  to  International  Communism  which  has  for  its  goal  the 
utter  destruction  of  the  free  trade  union  movement  in  our  country  and  throughout  the 
free  world  wherever  free  unions  exist. 

We  have  much  to  celebrate  on  Labour  Day  in  1953.  Our  movement  has  made  real 
progress.  With  the  strength  of  our  present  and  growing  membership  we  can  expect  to 
make  further  gains  in  the  direction  desired  by  our  affiliates.  Let  us  remind  ourselves 
when  we  are  celebrating  this  year  that  one  of  the  basic  jobs  we  must  all  do  well,  now  and 
in  the  future,  is  to  keep  our  unions  strong,  well-organized  and  continually  able  and  ready 
to  serve  the  best  interests  of  their  membership. 

1127 


A.   It.   Mosher 

President,   Canadian   Congress   of   Labour 

During  the  past  year,  considerable  progress  has 
been  made  in  Canada,  both  in  the  field  of  labour 
organization  and  in  labour  relationships.  Workers  in 
increasing  numbers  are  becoming  organized  in  unions 
of  their  choice,  and  the  right  to  organize  and  bargain 
collectively  is  being  respected  more  widely  than  ever 
by  industry. 

From  the  standpoint  of  continued  productivity, 
Canada's  record  has  been  highly  satisfactory.  The 
loss  of  time  because  of  strikes  or  lockouts  has  been 
very  considerably  decreased,  representing  notable 
addition  to  the  national  income,  as  well  as  enabling 
Canadians  generally  to  improve  their  standards  of 
living. 

The    industrial    expansion    of    Canada    has    been 

maintained  at  a  high  level,  with  new  industries  being 

established   across   the   nation,  and   the   confidence   of 

the  investing  public,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  has  been  shown  by  their  willingness  to 

participate  in  many  new  developments,  tapping  our  natural  resources  and   making  new 

wealth  available  to  our  people. 

It  is  very  gratifying  to  me  to  note  that  legislation  was  adopted  by  the  federal  Govern- 
ment since  last  Labour  Day  outlawing  discrimination  on  grounds  of  race,  colour,  creed  or 
religion  in  all  employment  under  federal  jurisdiction,  and  that  a  House  of  Commons 
Committee  has  approved  the  principle  of  the  voluntary  check-off  of  union  dues.  The 
adoption  by  the  Canadian  railways  of  the  check-off  plan,  following  the  settlement  nego- 
tiated last  year,  has  made  this  form  of  union  security  more  generally  acceptable  than  i/> 
the  past.  In  short,  unions  are  being  recognized  as  important  elements  in  the  industrial 
system,  and  instead  of  opposing  them,  enlightened  employers  are  finding  that  the  unions 
perform  a  service  which  is  reflected  in  production  figures  and  harmonious  relationships. 

The  outlook  for  employment  in  Canada  appears  to  be  favourable,  in  spite  of  the  fact 
that  certain  industries  are  finding  it  difficult  to  carry  on  under  present  conditions.  There 
is  some  difference  of  opinion  as  to  the  effect  which  cutbacks  in  defence  production  will 
have  on  Canadian  industry,  but  this  appears  to  have  been  largely  discounted  in  advance, 
and  there  are  good  reasons  for  believing  that  our  economic  and  industrial  progress  will 
continue. 

In  our  present  circumstances,  there  is  no  justification  for  any  lack  of  employment  at 
good  incomes  for  Canadian  citizens.  We  have  probably  a  higher  percentage  per  capita  of 
skilled  workers  than  any  country  in  the  world.  We  have  abundant  natural  resources  and 
technical  and  managerial  ability.  We  also  have  a  growing  population,  with  increasing 
demands  for  goods  and  services.  Obviously,  nothing  but  our  own  failure  to  use  our 
collective  intelligence  in  handling  our  affairs  would  permit  our  nation  to  suffer  a  serious 
economic  setback. 

In  any  event,  we  have  a  whole  structure  of  social  security  measures  which  were  not 
in  existence  in  the  depression  years  and  which  would  undoubtedly  help  to  ward  off  a 
depression  or  cushion  its  effects.  Unemployment  insurance,  family  allowances,  old  age 
pensions,  savings  plans,  minimum  wages,  and  similar  schemes,  all  help  to  maintain  pur- 
chasing power  and  keep  up  demand  for  industrial  products.  The  improvements  in  wages 
which  labour  unions  have  been  able  to  obtain  for  their  members  are  also  an  important 
factor  in  stabilizing  the  economic  system  of  the  nation.  What  has  been  achieved  in  this 
respect  represents  an  important  contribution  toward  the  public  welfare. 

Canada  is  rapidly  gaining  an  enviable  status  among  the  nations  of  the  world,  not  only 
because  of  her  productive  capacity  and  her  resources,  which,  if  not  unlimited,  are  much 
greater  than  could  have  been  originally  anticipated,  but  also  because  the  Canadian  people 
have  shown  a  willingness  to  assume  the  burden  of  defence  necessary  for  the  preservation 
of  freedom,  and  a  generous  attitude  towards  other  countries  in  need  of  what  Canada  can 
supply.  We  are  therefore  justified  in  hoping  and  expecting  that  the  world  is  becoming  a 
better  place  in  which  to  live,  and  that  the  evils  of  injustice,  poverty  and  distress  which 
have  plagued  the  human  race  almost  from  the  beginning  of  time  are  being  abolished. 

1128 


Gerard    Picard,    General  President 
Canadian   and   Catholic   Confederation   of  Labour 

If  the  world  sets  aside  one  day  each  year  for  the 
glorification  of  labour,  thanks  are  due  to  the  happy 
initiative  of  the  pioneers  of  labour  organization. 
Labour  Day  is  thus,  mainly,  the  day  of  the  organ- 
ized workers,  of  all  those  who  in  order  to  obtain 
better  living  conditions  for  their  fellow-workers  have 
sometimes  made  great  sacrifices. 

Therefore,  may  Labour  Day  be,  for  the  officers 
and  members  of  our  syndicates  and  for  their  families, 
a  day  of  quiet  happiness  and  of  well-deserved  rest 
during  which  they  will  not  forget  to  give  a  few 
moments  of  thought  to  the  deserving  cause  of  the 
improvement  of  labour  conditions. 

It  is  good  on  this  day  to  look  back  on  the 
already  long  road  which  the  workers  have  travelled 
since  the  first  days  of  labour  organization. 

It  is  good  to  give  thought  also  to  the  steps  further  to  be  taken  in  order  that 
workers  may  occupy  in  the  community  the  place  that  is  rightfully  theirs. 

These  moments  of  thought  will  furnish  everyone  with  new  reasons  to  carry  on 
task  with  renewed  energy  and  enthusiasm. 


the 
the 


J.   L.   D.   Ives 

Chairman,   Railway   Transportation   Brotherhoods 


The     six     international      railway     transportation 

brotherhoods — the   Brotherhood   of  Locomotive   Engi- 
neers,  the   Brotherhood    of  Locomotive   Firemen   and 

Enginemen,    the    Order    of    Railway    Conductors,    the 

Brotherhood    of    Railroad    Trainmen,    the    Order    of 

Railroad     Telegraphers     and     the     Brotherhood      of 

Maintenance  of  Way  Employees — represented  by  the 

Dominion     Joint     Legislative     Committee,     Railway 

Transportation   Brotherhoods,   approach   Labour   Day 

1953  with  a  spirit  of  thankfulness  and  a  fervent  hope 

that  the  Armistice  recently  signed  at  Panmunjom  will 

result  in  a  real  and  lasting  peace  and  the  restoration 

of  labour  in  Communistic-dominated  countries  to  its 

proper  sphere  in  the  economic  life  of  those  countries. 
We    are    inclined    to    think    of    Labour    Day    in 

terms  of  labour  unions  because  the  day  was  founded 

by  labour   unions   long  before   the   unions   or  Labour 

Day  received  official  or  public  recognition.  The  significance  of  Labour  Day  is  that  honest 
work  is  honourable  and  dignified.  Labour  Day  is  symbolic  of  thousands  of  little  advances, 
the  accumulation  of  hundreds  of  concrete  gains  hammered  out  in  legislative  halls,  law 
courts  and  at  conference  tables. 

It  has  been  truly  said  that  Labour  is  everything  that  contributes  to  the  progress  of 
mankind;  that  workers  have  been  responsible  for  all  progress  and  will  carry  that  respon- 
sibility until  the  end  of  time. 

The  failure  of  the  individual  worker  to  meet  his  responsibilities  can  lead  to  the 
weakening  of  a  labour  organization  and  eventually  to  the  deterioration  of  working  condi- 
tions and  rates  of  pay.  It  is  therefore  most  essential  that  each  individual  worker  take  an 
active  interest  in  his  labour  organization. 

Prior  to  the  turn  of  the  century  labour  had  not  achieved  too  much  to  celebrate. 
Workers  were  still  struggling  to  win  an  effective  place  in  industrial  society.  The  struggle 
for  recognition  and  for  improvements  in  living  standards  produced  virile  unions  and 
capable  and  aggressive  leaders.  Labour  is  free  today  because  its  pioneers  had  the  courage 
and  tenacity  to  make  it  free. 


1129 


The  six  international  railway  transportation  organizations  have  been  continually  in 
the  vanguard  in  obtaining  improvements  in  working  conditions  and  wage  rates  as  well  as 
in  promoting  legislation  beneficial,  not  only  to  members  of  those  organizations,  but  to 
citizens  as  a  whole.  They  will  continue  to  co-operate  in  efforts  to  raise  the  living 
standards  of  workers  and  to  improve  the  lot  of  our  older  citizens. 


Accident  Claims  Increase 
In  Federal   Service 

The  number  of  claims  for  compensation 
for  accidents  occurring  among  federal 
employees  during  the  fiscal  year  1952-53 
was  higher  than  in  the  preceding  year. 
The  Department  of  Labour  is  now  helping 
to  conduct  a  safety  campaign  throughout 
the  government  services. 

During  the  fiscal  year  1952-53,  there  were 
13,507  claims  made  to  the  provincial 
Workmen's  Compensation  Boards  who,  by 
arrangement,  handle  all  such  claims  made 
under  the  Government  Employees'  Com- 
pensation Act,  1947,  as  amended.  Total 
disbursements  in  compensation,  medical  aid 
and  pensions  amounted  to  $1,438,824.  In 
the  previous  fiscal  year,  there  were  12,857 
claims  and  disbursements  of  $1,208,514. 

Federal  employees  covered  include  classi- 
fied civil  servants  and  those  employed  on 
a  prevailing  rate  basis,  employees  of  most 
Federal  Crown  Corporations,  boards  and 
commissions. 

Included  among  the  accidents  reported 
in  the  federal  service  during  1952-53  were: 
2,526  caused  while  handling  objects;  1,561 
caused  by  flying  objects  or  matter;  2,541 
caused  by  stepping  on  or  falling  against 
objects;  and  1,372  that  were  the  result  of 
employees  falling  down. 

The  commonest  injuries  occurring  from 
accidents  in  the  federal  service  were  bruises, 
contusions  and  abrasions,  3,279  cases; 
sprains,  strains,  twistings  or  wrenchings, 
2,739  cases;  cuts,  lacerations  or  punctures, 
2,851  cases;  and  eye  injuries,  1,535  cases. 

The  percentage  of  reported  accidents 
among  the  government  employees  resulting 
in  permanent  disability  or  death  was  small. 
Only  54  of  the  accidents  reported  in  1952-53 
resulted  in  death  or  permanent  disability. 

Greatest  number  of  accident  claims  under 
The  Government  Employees  Compensation 
Act  came  from  the  Department  of  National 
Defence,  civilian  side,  amounting  to  5,098, 
with  the  Post  Office  Department  next 
having  2,397. 


Annual   Report   on   Strihes 
Ready   for  Distribution 

Although  the  number  of  work  stoppages 
resulting  from   industrial   disputes   in    1952 


was  less  than  the  number  occurring  in  1951, 
time  loss  was  more  than  three  times  as 
great,  according  to  the  annual  report, 
Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada,  prepared 
by  the  Economics  and  Research  Branch  of 
the  Department  of  Labour.  Formerly 
issued  as  a  supplement  to  the  Labour 
Gazette,  the  report  is  published  this  year 
as  a  separate  publication  and  is  available 
from  the  Circulation  Manager,  Department 
of  Labour,  at  a  price  of  15  cents. 

In  addition  to  containing  material  on 
strikes  and  lockouts  in  Canada,  the  report 
also  contains  information  for  certain  other 
countries. 

Industrial  disputes  in  Canada  that 
resulted  in  work  stoppages  declined  from 
259  in  1951  to  222  in  1952.  The  number  of 
workers  involved  increased  from  102,870  in 
1951  to  120,818  in  1952.  Strike  idleness 
increased  sharply  from  a  loss  of  901,739  days 
in  1951  to  2,879,955  days  in  1952. 

Many  of  the  stoppages  caused  relatively 
little  time  loss,  while  comparatively  few, 
of  long  duration  and  involving  large 
numbers  of  workers,  caused  a  very  large 
proportion  of  the  idleness.  About  87  per 
cent  of  the  total  loss  was  caused  by  36 
stoppages  involving  more  than  500  workers 
in  each  case. 

During  the  period  since  the  end  of  the 
Second  World  War,  the  demand  for  in- 
creased wages  and  related  questions  has 
been  the  central  issue  in  the  majority  of 
stoppages.  In  1952,  this  issue  was  respon- 
sible for  64  per  cent  of  the  stoppages, 
involved  86  per  cent  of  the  workers  and 
caused  94  per  cent  of  the  total  idleness, 
compared  with  an  average  for  the  six-year 
period,  1946-1951,  of  57  per  cent  of  the 
stoppages,  69  per  cent  of  the  workers  and 
86  per  cent  of  the  total  loss. 

The  time  loss  in  1952  was  distributed  in 
the  following  industries:  manufacturing,  63 
per  cent;  mining,  about  three  per  cent  (coal 
mining  causing  less  than  one  per  cent) ; 
logging,  almost  13  per  cent;  fishing  and 
trapping,  four  per  cent;  construction,  12 
per  cent;  and  transportation,  less  than  three 
per  cent. 


1130 


Two  Systems  of  Forced  Labour 

Found  to  Exist  in  the  World 


United   Nations-International  Labour  Organization  committee  releases 
report  on  forced  labour  based  on  enquiry  that  extended  over  20  months 


The  existence  in  the  world  of  two 
principal  systems  of  forced  labour  has 
been  disclosed  by  an  enquiry,  extending 
over  a  20-month  period,  made  by  a  special 
United  Nations-International  Labour  Office 
committee.  The  committee's  final  report 
was  released  last  month. 

The  first  system  is  employed,  the  report 
states,  "as  a  means  of  political  coercion  or 
punishment  for  holding  or  expressing 
political  views,  the  second  being  employed 
for  important  economic  purposes." 

After  a  preliminary  discussion  of  the 
committee's  report,  the  ILO  Governing 
Body  threw  its  support  behind  a  sugges- 
tion made  in  the  report  that  an  appeal  be 
addressed  to  governments  that  maintain  or 
might  maintain  systems  of  forced  labour 
for  political  purposes  "to  re-examine  their 
laws  and  administrative  practices  in  the 
light  of  present  conditions  and  the  increas- 
ing desire  of  the  peoples  of  the  world  to 
reaffirm  faith  in  fundamental  human  rights 
and  in  the  dignity  and  worth  of  the  human 
person". 

The  ad  hoc  Committee  on  Forced 
Labour  was  established  in  1951  by  the 
Secretary-General  of  the  United  Nations 
and  the  Director-General  of  the  ILO  in 
accordance  with  decisions  taken  by  the 
U.N.  Economic  and  Social  Council  and  the 
ILO  Governing  Body.  Committee  mem- 
bers were  Sir  Ramaswami  Mudaliar, 
chairman;  Paal  Berg,  former  President  of 
the  Norwegian  Supreme  Court;  and 
Enrique  Garcia  Sayan,  former  Foreign 
Minister  of  Peru. 

The  Committee  said  it  had  found  "facts 
relating  to  systems  of  forced  labour  of  so 
grave  a  nature  that  they  seriously  threaten 
fundamental  human  rights  and  jeopardize 
the  freedom  and  status  of  workers  in  con- 
travention of  the  obligations  and  provi- 
sions of  the  Charter  of  the  United  Nations." 

These  systems  of  forced  labour,  the 
Committee  feels,  "should  be  abolished  to 
ensure  universal  respect  for,  and  obser- 
vance of,  human  rights  and  fundamental 
freedoms." 

The  report  said  that  "a  system  of  forced 
labour  as  a  means  of  political  coercion 
was  found  by  the  Committee  to  be  estab- 


lished in  certain  countries,  to  be  probably 
in  existence  in  several  other  countries,  and 
to  be  possible  of  establishment  in  others." 

Systems   for   Economic   Ends 

Systems  of  forced  labour  for  economic 
purposes,  the  report  declared,  were  "still 
found  to  exist  in  some  countries  or  terri- 
tories where  a  large  indigenous  population 
lives  side  by  side  with  a  population  of 
another  origin." 

The  Committee  said  that,  while  these 
systems  jeopardized  human  rights  less 
seriously,  they  were  "no  less  a  violation" 
of  the  United  Nations  Charter  and  the 
Declaration  of  Human  Rights.  Although 
such  systems  "may  be  found  in  different 
parts  of  the  world,"  the  report  observed, 
"their  nature  and  scope  are  not  every- 
where the  same. 

"These  systems,"  it  said,  " — still  found 
to  exist  in  some  countries  or  territories 
where  a  large  indigenous  population  lives 
side  by  side  with  a  population  of  another 
origin — most  often  result  from  a  com- 
bination of  various  practices  or  institutions 
affecting  only  the  indigenous  populations, 
and  involving  direct  or  indirect  compulsion 
to  work,  such  as  compulsory  labour 
properly  so-called,  various  coercive 
measures  of  recruiting,  the  infliction  of 
heavy  penalties  for  breaches  of  contracts 
of  employment,  the  abusive  use  of  vagrancy 
legislation,  restrictions  on  freedom  of  move- 
ment, restrictions  on  the  possession  and 
use  of  land,  and  other  similar  measures." 

For  nearly  25  years,  the  report  pointed 
out,  the  ILO  has  been  striving  to  bring 
about  the  abolition  of  such  practices  and 
to  improve  the  situation  of  indigenous 
workers.  Conventions  and  Recommenda- 
tions adopted  by  the  ILO  had  "shown  the 
way  of  advance".  The  Committee's  in- 
vestigation had  revealed  that  many  of  the 
countries  concerned  had  ratified  these  Con- 
ventions and  accepted  the  Recommenda- 
tions, and  in  several  of  these  countries  or 
territories  progress  was  commendable  inas- 
much as  many  of  these  practices  had  either 
been  eliminated  or  were  gradually  declining. 
But  progress  had  not  been  as  rapid 
elsewhere. 


1131 


24   Countries   Examined 

The  report  disclosed  that  the  Committee 
had  studied  allegations  of  forced  labour 
and  documentary  material  relating  to  24 
countries.  The  report  examined  the  case 
of  each  of  these  countries  in  detail  and 
summarized  the  Committee's  findings  in 
regard  to  each. 

The  Committee  reached  the  conclusion, 
the  report  showed,  that  forced  labour  for 
political  purposes  existed  in  Bulgaria, 
Czechoslovakia,  Romania  and  the  Soviet 
Union.  It  found  that  forced  labour  was 
also  employed  in  Bulgaria,  Czechoslovakia 
and  the  Soviet  Union  for  economic  pur- 
purposes.  In  the  case  of  Romania,  the 
report  said  that  there  was  legislation  which 
"might  provide  the  basis  for  a  system  of 
forced   labour   for   economic   purposes". 

The  report  said  that  certain  powers 
enjoyed  by  the  Government  of  Hungary 
"might  constitute  the  basis  of  a  system  of 
forced  labour  for  the  purpose  of  political 
coercion,"  and  that  "the  restrictions  placed 
on  freedom  of  employment,  if  rigorously 
enforced,  might  constitute  the  basis  of  a 
system  of  forced  and  compulsory  labour 
imposed  with  a  view  to  carrying  out  the 
economic  plans  of  the  State." 

Certain  "elements"  in  the  situation  in 
Poland,  the  report  declared,  suggested  that 
legislation  in  that  country  "could  be 
applied  as  a  means  of  political  coercion". 
It  found  also  that  there  existed  in  Poland 
"a  basis  for  a  system  of  forced  labour  for 
economic  purposes". 

In  regard  to  Spain,  the  Committee  con- 
cluded that  certain  legal  provisions  in 
force  "could  be  applied  as  a  system  of 
forced  labour  for  political  coercion  or 
punishment  for  holding  or  expressing 
political  views". 

Allegations   Unsubstantiated 

The  report  said  there  was  no  evidence 
to  substantiate  allegations  of  forced  labour 
in  Argentina,  Brazil,  Chile,  Colombia, 
Ecuador,  France,  Paraguay,  Peru,  the 
United  Kingdom,  the  United  States,  and 
Venezuela,  or  in  any  of  the  territories 
administered  by  these  States. 

Portuguese  legislation,  the  Committee 
said,  prohibited  forced  or  compulsory 
labour  in  principle,  "but  there  are  certain 
restrictions  and  exceptions  in  this  legisla- 
tion which  permit  the  exaction  of  forced 
or  compulsory  labour."  It  found  that  "the 
labour  of  workers  in  San  Tome  is  of 
considerable  economic  importance  to  the 
territory  and  their  situation  appears  to 
be  similar  to  that  of  workers  under  a 
system  of  forced  labour  for  economic 
purposes." 


The  report  said  that  the  native  popula- 
tion of  the  Union  of  South  Africa  was 
compelled  "to  contribute  by  their  labour 
to  the  implementation  of  the  economic 
policies  of  the  country,  but  the  com- 
pulsory and  involuntary  nature  of  this 
contribution  results  from  the  particular 
status  and  situation  created  by  special 
legislation  applicable  to  the  indigenous 
populations  alone,  rather  than  from  direct 
coercive  measures  designed  to  compel  them 
to  work,  although  such  measures,  which 
are  the  inevitable  consequence  of  this 
status,  were  also  found  to  exist."  It  was 
"in  this  indirect  sense,  therefore."  the 
report  said,  "that  in  the  Committee's  view 
a  system  of  forced  labour  of  significance 
to  the  national  economy  appears  to  exist 
in  the  Union  of  South  Africa." 

In  the  Territory  of  Nauru,  under 
Australian  administration,  the  report  found, 
"breaches  of  labour  contracts  by  Chinese 
and  other  non-European  workers  are 
punished  as  a  criminal  offence,  and  that 
such  legislation,  if  abused  or  vigorously 
implemented,  might  lead  to  a  system  of 
forced  labour  for  economic  purposes." 

The  Committee  said  that  in  territories 
administered  by  Belgium,  "indigenous  mine 
workers  are  not  forcibly  recruited,  but  they 
are  liable  to  penal  sanctions  for  breach 
of  contract,  which  might  lead  to  a  system 
of  forced  labour  for  economic  purposes." 
Certain  forms  of  compulsory  labour,  the 
report  added,  "might  have  some  economic 
significance  for  the  territory  and  might 
therefore  lead  to  a  system  of  forced  labour 
for  economic  purposes." 

Unable   to  Verify  Allegations 

The  legislation  of  the  Democratic 
Republic  of  Germany,  according  to  the 
report,  contains  provisions  referring  to 
punitive  and  corrective  labour.  The  Com- 
mittee said,  however,  that  it  had  been 
"unable  to  verify  whether  or  to  what  extent 
this  legislation  is  applied  as  a  means  of 
political  coercion,  as  alleged."  It  said  also 
that  it  had  found  that  there  were  indi- 
cations that  certain  laws  were  used  "for 
the  compulsory  assignment  of  workers  to 
enterprises  important  for  the  execution  of 
state  economic  plans  and,  in  particular,  for 
the  compulsory  assignment  of  persons  to 
work  as  miners."  The  report  added  that 
"if  such  legislation  were  widely  applied  it 
would  lead  to  a  system  of  forced  labour 
for  economic  purposes." 

The  report  said  the  enquiry  had  not 
revealed  the  existence  in  Latin  America 
of  a  system  of  forced  labour  within  the 
meaning  of  the  Committee's  terms  of 
reference.    It  commented,  however,  that  "if 


1132 


the  legislation  concerning  compulsory 
labour  in  Bolivia  were  extensively  used 
it  could  result  in  a  system  of  forced  labour 
of  some  importance  to  the  economy  of 
that  country." 

The  Committee's  examination  of  allega- 
tions concerning  territories  administered 
by  or  associated  with  France  disclosed  no 
evidence  of  the  existence  of  a  system  of 
forced  labour  within  the  meaning  of  the 
Committee's  terms  of  reference,  the  report 
said. 

The  Committee  came  to  the  same  con- 
clusion in  regard  to  the  United  Kingdom 
and  the  12  territories  under  its  adminis- 
tration. The  report  said,  however,  that 
the  Committee  had  "observed  that  the 
Emergency  Regulations  in  Malaya,  if 
broadly  interpreted  and  extensively  applied 
(though  there  is  no  evidence  that  they  have 
been  so  interpreted  or  applied),  could  lead 
to  a  system  of  forced  labour  as  a  means 
of  political  coercion,  and  that  the  Voluntary 
Unemployed  Persons  Ordinance  in  Kenya 
could  be  applied  (although  it  appears  that 
it  is  not  at  present  so  applied)  in  such  a 
way  as  to  result  in  a  system  of  forced 
labour  of  some  importance  to  the  economy 
of  Kenya." 

Allegations   Not   Relevant 

From  its  examination  of  the  allegations 
concerning  the  United  States,  the  Com- 
mittee said,  it  appeared  that  most  of  the 
specific  allegations  "are  not  relevant  to 
the  Committee's  terms  of  reference,  or 
where  they  appear  to  be  relevant,  they  are 
not  substantiated  by  the  evidence  avail- 
able to  the  Committee. 

"In  the  two  cases  where  there  appears, 
prima  facie,  to  be  evidence  of  the  exist- 
ence of  practices  resembling  forced  labour, 
namely  in  connection  with  illegal  Mexican 
immigrants  ('wet-backs')  and  with  certain 
instances  of  peonage,  the  Committee  finds 
on  further  examination  that  these  practices 
are  directly  outlawed,  and  it  has  no 
evidence  to  suggest  that,  when  offences  are 
brought  to  the  knowledge  of  the  United 
States  Government,  the  laws  are  not 
enforced.  For  this  reason  the  Committee 
concludes  that  these  practices  do  not  con- 
stitute forced  labour  within  the  meaning 
of  its  terms  of  reference. 

"As  regards  vagrancy  laws,  however,  the 
Committee  noted  that  in  some  States  the 
term  'vagrancy'  is  denned  so  broadly  and 
the  punishment  for  the  offence*  is  so  severe 
that,  if  extensively  interpreted  and  applied, 
it  could  lead  to  a  system  of  forced  labour 
for  economic  purposes  in  the  States 
concerned." 


Conclusions   Concerning  USSR 

In  summarizing  its  conclusions  in  regard 
to  the  Soviet  Union,  the  Committee 
declared: — 

"Given  the  general  aims  of  Soviet  penal 
legislation,  its  definitions  of  crime  in 
general  and  of  political  offences  in  par- 
ticular, the  restrictions  it  imposes  on  the 
rights  of  the  defence  in  cases  involving 
political  offences,  the  extensive  powers  of 
punishment  it  accords  to  purely  adminis- 
trative authorities  in  respect  of  persons 
considered  to  constitute  a  danger  to  society, 
and  the  purpose  of  political  re-education 
it  assigns  to  penalties  of  corrective  labour 
served  in  camps,  in  colonies,  in  exile  and 
even  at  the  normal  place  of  work,  this 
legislation  constitutes  the  basis  of  a  system 
of  forced  labour  employed  as  a  means  of 
political  coercion  or  punishment  for  hold- 
ing or  expressing  political  views  and  it  is 
evident  from  the  many  testimonies  exam- 
ined by  the  Committee  that  this  legisla- 
tion is  in  fact  employed  in  such  a  way. 

"Persons  sentenced  to  deprivation  of 
liberty  by  a  court  of  law  or  by  an  admin- 
istrative authority,  particularly  political 
offenders,  are  for  the  most  part  employed 
in  corrective  labour  camps  or  colonies  on 
large-scale  projects,  on  the  development  of 
mining  areas  or  previously  uncultivated 
regions,  or  on  other  activities  of  benefit 
to  the  community,  and  the  system  there- 
fore seems  to  play  a  part  of  some  signifi- 
cance in  the  national  economy. 

"The  Committee  has  not  been  able  to 
arrive  at  any  definite  conclusions  as  to 
the  number  or  location  of  the  corrective 
labour  camps  and  colonies;  much  less  has 
it  been  able  to  assess  how  many  persons 
are  detained  in  them. 

"The  Committee  refrained  from  drawing 
any  conclusions  in  connection  with  the 
mass  deportations  referred  to  in  the 
allegations,  in  some  cases  because  they 
were  stated  to  have  taken  place  in  a 
relatively  distant  past,  in  others  because 
it  was  not  established  that  they  were 
accompanied  by  forced  labour,  and  in 
others  again  because  the  Committee  did 
not  have  sufficient  information  to  come  to 
the  conclusion  that  they  actually  occurred. 

"Soviet  legislation  makes  provision  for 
various  measures  which  involve  a  com- 
pulsion to  work  or  place  restrictions  on 
the  freedom  of  employment;  these 
measures  seem  to  be  applied  on  a  large 
scale  in  the  interests  of  the  national 
economy  and,  considered  as  a  whole,  they 
lead,  in  the  Committee's  view,  to  a  system 
of  forced  or  compulsory  labour  constituting 
an  important  element  in  the  economy  of 
the  country." 


1133 


In  its  conclusions  concerning  Bulgaria, 
the  Committee  found: — 

"That  Bulgarian  penal  legislation  could 
constitute  the  basis  of  a  system  of  forced 
labour  aiming  at  the  political  correction 
and  re-education  of  those  opposed  to  the 
political  ideology  of  the  Government. 

"That,  furthermore,  Bulgarian  adminis- 
trative law  makes  provision  for  a  system 
of  detention  with  compulsory  labour 
imposed  by  the  administrative  authorities; 
that  the  law  is  expressly  aimed  at  the 
opponents  of  the  established  political  order 
and  that  the  application  of  this  law  results 
in  a  system  of  forced  or  corrective  labour 
employed  as  a  means  of  political  coer- 
cion  

"That,  in  the  interests  of  the  national 
economy  and  to  ensure  the  fulfillment  of 
the  country's  economic  plans,  provision  is 
made  under  Bulgarian  legislation  for 
recourse  to  be  had,  when  necessary,  to 
various  methods  of  constraint  in  order  to 
obtain  and  allocate  a  labour  force 
(mobilization  of  labour  and  industry,  com- 
pulsory transfer  of  workers,  creation  of 
labour  reserves,  restrictions  on  freedom  of 
employment)  and  that  this  constitutes  the 
basis  of  a  system  of  forced  labour  of 
appreciable  economic  importance." 

Findings   in   Czechoslovakia 

In  summarizing  its  conclusions  concern- 
ing Czechoslovakia,  the  Committee 
reported: — 

"That  Czechoslovak  penal  and  admin- 
istrative law  is  expressly  directed  against 
'class  enemies'  and  against  'a  hostile 
attitude'  towards  the  Government  or  its 
ideology;  that  offences  are  broadly  and 
'flexibly'  denned;  that  persons  who  mani- 
fest or  'intend'  to  manifest  their  opposition 
to  the  regime  by  committing  offences, 
however  insignificant,  are  subjected  to 
penalties  accompanied  bj^  forced  labour 
and,  more  particularly,  to  detention  in 
forced  labour  camps;  that  the  purpose  of 
these  institutions  is  the  political  re-educa- 
tion and  correction  of  such  persons;  and 
that  this  constitutes  a  system  of  forced 
or  corrective  labour  employed  as  a  means 
of  political  coercion  and  punishment  for 
holding   or   expressing  political   views. . . . 

"That,  to  implement  the  economic  plans 
and  policy  of  the  Government,  Czecho- 
slovak legislation  makes  provision  for  a 
number  of  measures  to  be  taken  in  con- 
nection with  the  mobilization  and  assign- 
ment of  labour,  that  these  measures  appear 
to  be  accompanied,  where  necessary,  by 
coercion,  and  that  they  therefore  con- 
stitute a  system  of  forced  labour  for 
economic  purposes; 


"That  it  has  not  been  possible  to 
establish  whether  Czechoslovak  citizens  are 
deported  to  the  Soviet  Union  for  com- 
pulsory labour." 

In  its  findings  concerning  Romania,  the 
Committee  said: — 

"That  Romanian  penal  and  administra- 
tive laws — in  particular  Decree  No.  187 
of  1949 — provide  the  basis  for  a  system  of 
forced  labour  as  a  means  of  political 
coercion  or  're-education'  of  those  opposed 
to  the  Government; 

"That  to  fulfill  the  country's  economic 
plans,  Romanian  legislation  of  a  non- 
penal  character  empowers  the  administra- 
tive authorities  to  call  up  any  able-bodied 
person  to  remedy  a  shortage  of  manpower 
required  to  carry  out  important  State  tasks, 
and  to  recruit  large  numbers  of  young 
persons  for  vocational  training  and  there- 
after for  a  minimum  of  four  years'  work 
in  the  factories  or  plants  to  which  they 
are  assigned,  and  that  this  legislation  might 
provide  the  basis  for  a  system  of  forced 
labour  for  economic  purposes." 

General   Conclusions 

In  a  series  of  "general  observations"  in 
regard  to  its  findings,  the  Committee  said 
that  a  system  of  forced  labour  as  a  means 
of  political  coercion  "was  found  to  exist 
in  its  fullest  form  and  in  the  form  which 
most  endangers  human  rights  where  it  is 
expressly  directed  against  people  of  a  par- 
ticular 'class'  (or  social  origin)  and  even 
against  political  'ideas'  or  'attitudes'  in 
men's  minds;  where  a  person  may  be 
sentenced  to  forced  labour  for  the  offence 
of  having  in  some  way  expressed  his 
ideological  opposition  to  the  established 
political  order,  or  even  because  he  is  only 
suspected  of  such  hostility;  when  he  may 
be  sentenced  by  procedures  which  do  not 
afford  him  full  rights  of  defence,  often 
by  a  purely  administrative  order;  and 
when,  in  addition,  the  penalty  of  forced 
labour  to  which  he  is  condemned  is  in- 
tended for  his  political  'correction'  or 
're-education',  that  is,  to  alter  his  political 
convictions  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
government  in  power. 

"Such  a  system,"  the  Committee  declared, 
"is,  by  its  very  nature  and  attributes,  a 
violation  of  the  fundamental  rights  of  the 
human  person  as  guaranteed  by  the 
Charter  of  the  United  Nations  and  pro- 
claimed in  the  Universal  Declaration  of 
Human  Rights.  Apart  from  the  physical 
suffering  and  hardship  involved,  what  makes 
the  system  most  dangerous  to  human 
freedom  and  dignity  is  that  it  trespasses 
on  the  inner  convictions  and  ideas  of 
persons  to   the   extent   of  forcing   them   to 


1134 


change  their  opinions,  convictions  and  even 
mental  attitudes  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
State. 

"The  Committee  has  also  found  that  the 
systems  of  forced  labour  as  a  means  of 
political  coercion  are  applied  with  varying 
degrees  of  intensity  in  a  number  of  coun- 
tries, but  it  has  observed  in  the  trend  of 
the  laws  and  the  aims  and  purposes  of 
legislative  enactments  and  administrative 
practices  a  tendency  for  countries  which 
have  less  severe  systems  to  approximate 
them  to  the  more  severe  described  above. 
The  possibility  of  the  extension  of  this 
system  of  forced  labour  as  a  means  of 
political  coercion  to  other  countries  or 
territories  where  unsettled  conditions  may 
prevail  cannot  be  ignored. 

"The  Committee  feels  that  an  earnest 
appeal  should  be  addressed  to  all  Govern- 
ments concerned  to  re-examine  their  laws 
and  administrative  practices  in  the  light 
of  present  conditions  and  the  increasing 
desire  of  the  peoples  of  the  world  'to 
reaffirm  faith  in  fundamental  human  rights 
(and)  in  the  dignity  and  worth  of  the 
human  person'." 

The  enquiry  had  revealed,  the  report 
continued,  that  while  the  forms  of  forced 
labour  contemplated  in  the  ILO  Conven- 
tions were  virtually  in  relation  to  'indi- 
genous' inhabitants  of  dependent  territories, 
the  systems  of  forced  labour  for  economic 
purposes  found  to  exist  in  some  fully  self- 
governing  countries  (where  there  was  no 
'indigenous'  population)  raised  new  prob- 
lems and  called  for  action  either  by  the 
countries  concerned  or  at  the  international 
level. 

"Such  systems  of  forced  labour  affecting 
the  working  population  of  fully  self- 
governing  countries,"  the  Committee  noted, 
"result  from  various  general  measures  in- 
volving compulsion  in  the  recruitment, 
mobilization  or  direction  of  labour 

"The  Committee  has  come  to  the  con- 
clusion that,  however  attractive  the  idea 
of  using  such  methods  with  a  view  to 
promoting  the  economic  progress  of  a 
country  may  be,  the  result  is  a  system 
of  forced  labour  which  not  only  subjects 
a  section  of  the  population  to  conditions 
of  serious  hardship  and  indignity,  but  which 
must  gradually  lower  the  status  and  dignity 
of  even  the  free  workers  in  such  countries. 
The  Committee  suggests  that,  wherever 
necessary,  international  action  be  taken, 
either  by  framing  new  Conventions  or  by 
amending  existing  Conventions,  so  that 
they  may  be  applicable  to  the  position 
regarding  forced  labour  conditions  found 
to  exist  among  the  workers  of  fully  self- 
governing  countries." 


Methods   of  Procedure 

In  carrying  out  its  survey,  the  Committee 
endeavoured  to  obtain  information  by 
three  principal  means — the  transmission  of 
a  questionnaire  to  all  governments,  the 
assembling  of  documents  and  evidence 
which  had  been  brought  to  the  knowledge 
of  the  Economic  and  Social  Council,  and 
by  inviting  non-governmental  organizations 
and  individuals  to  submit  relevant  infor- 
mation and  documentation.  A  large  group 
of  witnesses  was  heard. 

'Replies  to  the  questionnaire  were  received 
from  48  Governments.  Thirty-three  Gov- 
ernments did  not  reply. 

After  making  a  preliminary  survey  of 
the  material  which  it  had  collected,  the 
Committee  decided  to  confine  its  detailed 
study  to  those  countries  or  territories  con- 
cerning which  allegations  regarding  the 
existence  of  forced  labour  had  been  made, 
either  in  the  Economic  and  Social  Council, 
or  subsequently  by  organizations  or 
individuals. 

The  report  said  the  Committee  was  well 
aware  that,  in  adopting  this  limitation  of 
the  scope  of  its  enquiry,  the  results  it 
would  achieve  would  be  incomplete. 

In  consequence,  the  Committee  studied 
the  allegations  and  documentary  material 
relating  to  28  countries.  The  report 
explained,  however,  that  the  Committee 
was  not  able  to  complete  its  study  of  the 
allegations  relating  to  Albania  and  the 
People's  Republic  of  China  because  docu- 
mentary material  relating  to  them  had  not 
been  cited  or  submitted  and  could  not  be 
obtained  by  the  Committee.  The  Com- 
mittee also  decided,  the  report  said,  not 
to  pursue  further  its  study  of  the  allega- 
tions regarding  the  British  Occupation  Zone 
of  Germany  or  Japan  "since  these  allega- 
tions were  either  imprecise  or  referred  to 
conditions  of  military  occupation  which  no 
longer  existed." 

The  Committee's  study  was  therefore 
confined  to  24  countries. 

To  each  of  these  countries  the  Com- 
mittee sent  a  letter  transmitting  a 
summary  of  the  allegations  that  had  been 
made  concerning  it,  and  requesting  the 
comments  of  the  Governments  concerned. 
By  May  20,  replies  had  been  received  from 
the  Governments  of  Australia,  Belgium, 
Bolivia,  France,  Peru,  Portugal,  Spain,  the 
Union  of  South  Africa,  the  United  Kingdom, 
and  the  United  States.  No  comments  or 
observations  had  been  received  on  that  date 
from  Argentina,  Brazil,  Bulgaria,  Chile, 
Colombia,  Czechoslovakia,  Ecuador,  the 
Democratic  Republic  of  Germany,  Hungary, 
Paraguay,  Poland,  Romania,  the  Soviet 
Union  and  Venezuela. 


1135 


Czechoslovakia,  Bulgaria  Pass  New  Forced  Labour  Laws 


Almost  at  the  same  time  as  a  special 
United  Nations  -  International  Labour 
Organization  was  making  public  a  report 
on  forced  labour  (see  above),  in  which 
Czechoslovakia  was  named  as  one  country 
in  which  forced  labour  exists,  that  country 
issued  a  new  decree  providing  stiff  penal- 
ties for  unjustified  absenteeism  and  ordered 
4.000  officials  and  members  of  the  Czecho- 
slovak Trade  Union  Federation  into  the 
country's  coal  mines. 

Under  the  decree  on  industrial  absen- 
teeism, a  worker  who  stays  away  from  his 
job  one  day  without  justification  will  be 
reprimanded  by  his  employer  and  by  union 
leaders.  If  he  staj^s  away  two  days  the 
reprimand  will  be  made  publicly  before  his 
fellow  workers.  Absence  for  three  days  will 
result  in  demotion  to  lower-paid  work  and 
four  days'  absence  will  be  punishable  by  a 
special  trade  union  court.  This  could  mean 
dismissal,  a  fine  or  an  even  stiffer  penalty. 


One  week  after  publication  of  the  Czecho- 
slovakian  decree,  it  was  learned  that 
Bulgaria,  also  named  in  the  report  on  forced 
labour,  has  enacted  a  law  whereby  workers 
who  leave  their  jobs  without  permission 
or  an  apprentice  who  quits  his  professional 
school  face  imprisonment  and  heavy  fines. 

The  law  stipulates  that  a  worker  in  state, 
co-operative  or  public  enterprises  may  not 
leave  his  job  without  permission  of  the 
manager  and  provides  that  if  he  does  so 
he  will  be  punished  with  two  to  four 
months'  imprisonment  or  term  in  a  labour 
camp.  An  apprentice  who  "arbitrarily 
leaves  his  professional  school  will  be 
excluded  from  all  Bulgarian  schools,  will 
be  sentenced  to  either  one  year  of  forced 
labour  in  the  state  labour  camps  or  will 
be  fined  to  repay  all  the  costs  to  the  state 
for  his  education." 


Poland's  Miners  Told:     You're  in  the  Army 


Coal  miners  in  Poland  have  been  told 
that  they  should  consider  themselves  as 
members  of  the  army. 

"The  miners  are  a  great  army,  and  the 
administration  is  the  non-commissioned, 
junior  and  senior  officers  of  that  army," 
said  Polish  Prime  Minister  Boleslaw 
Bierut  in  a  recent  address  to  party  and 
economic  activists  of  the  country's  coal 
industry. 

"There  must  be  discipline  in  an  army," 
the  premier  continued.  "Without  discipline 
the  armies  lose  their  fighting  strength.  In 
mining  there  must  be  discipline — an  honest, 
conscious,  hard  mining  discipline.  With- 
out it  the  mining  industry  will  not  fulfil 
the  great  tasks  facing  it. 

"In  an  army  there  must  be  respect  for 
the  commander  ...  In  the  mining  indus- 
try there  must  be  respect  for  the  adminis- 
tration, which  constitutes  the  commanding 
cadre  of  the  mining  industry  . . . 

"In  an  army  there  must  be  obedience  to 
the  commander's  orders  ...  In  the  mining 
industry  there  must  be  obedience  to  the 
instructions  and  orders  of  the  lower,  middle 
and  higher  administrations  . . ." 

The  speech,  published  in  the  Polish 
newspaper  Trybuna  Ludu,  reviewed  past 
and  present  coal  production  and  laid  down 


future  objectives.  The  Premier  said  the 
coal  produced  in  1952  amounted  to  84-5 
million  tons,  an  increase  of  25  million  tons 
ever  the  amount  produced  in  1947.  How- 
ever, in  1952  the  industry  failed  to  reach 
its  goal.  Actual  production  was  only  98-2 
per  cent  of  the  year's  target  set  by  the 
country's  Six  Year  Plan. 

The  greatest  enemy  of  the  fulfilment  of 
the  plan  was  the  bad  status  of  work 
discipline,  said  the  Premier. 

"It  is  a  fact  that  we  still  have  many 
cases  of  unjustified  absence  from  work.  It 
is  a  fact  that  this  absence  increases,  for 
example,  after  the  payment  of  premiums 
in  accordance  with  the  Miners'  Charter. 
Therefore  it  must  be  clearly  stated  that 
the  State  granted  privileges  to  the  miners, 
contained  in  the  Miners'  Charter,  not  for 
the  purpose  of  increasing  absenteeism  of 
miners  after  payment  of  premiums.  On 
the  contrary,  the  State  granted  the  Miners' 
Charter  in  order  to  obviate  absenteeism 
from  work.  Everyone  should  understand 
and  know  that  the  high  wages,  the 
privileges  of  the  Miners'  Charter,  the  allo- 
cated lodgings,  and  longer  leaves  are 
available  only  to  conscientious  and  honest 
workers.  Loafers,  idlers,  and  brawlers  will 
be  deprived  of  these  privileges."  the 
premier  said. 


1136 


"It  is  a  fact  that  the  working  hours  are 
not  sufficiently  utilized  and  that  there  are 
many  cases  of  leaving  work  too  early, 
before  the  shift  ends.  This  state  of  affairs 
cannot  be  tolerated.  Iron  control  over  the 
use  of  working  hours  must  be  instituted. 
Leaving  work  before  closing  time  must 
definitelv  cease. 


"Everyone  should  understand  that  a 
liberal,  tolerant  attitude  toward  those  who 
are  breaking  work  discipline  is  a  trans- 
gression against  the  State,  against  the 
working  class,  against  the  interests  of  the 
miners,  and  against  the  needs  of  the 
nation." 


Job  Counselling  for  Older  Workers 


Canada's  National  Employment  Service  first  state  employment  agency 
to  recognize  plight  of  older  unemployed  and  offer  special  intensive 
counselling   to  such   persons,  states    Dr.   W.  G.  Scott,  adviser  to    NES 


Canada's  National  Employment  Service 
of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Commis- 
sion was  the  first  state  employment  service 
to  recognize  the  plight  of  the  older  unem- 
ployed and  to  seek  to  remedy  it  through 
special  intensive  counselling,  stated  Dr. 
W.  G.  Scott,  Adviser  to  the  NES,  in  a 
speech  to  the  Canadian  Dietetic  Associa- 
tion in  Ottawa.  This  counselling  was 
begun  over  five  years  ago,  he  said. 

The  aims  of  the  project  were  to  better 
understand  the  older  workers  who  were 
jobless  and  to  re-classify  them,  where 
necessary,  into  their  most  promising  field 
of  employment,  explained  Dr.  Scott,  who 
described  the  older  worker  without  a  job 
as  part  of  a  "frustrated,  confused,  defeated 
segment  of  society".  In  dealing  with  this 
group,  courtesy  was  emphasized  and  the 
employment  and  academic  successes  and 
failures,  the  leisure  time  activities  and  the 
ambitions  of  the  older  workers  were  given 
every  consideration,  he  stated.  Dr.  Scott 
pointed  out  that  NES  counselling  was 
designed  to  help  such  workers  evaluate 
themselves  and  to  decide  for  themselves 
what  jobs  they  preferred  and  were  capable 
of  doing. 

Referring  specifically  to  older  workers 
who  have  been  counselled,  Dr.  Scott  stated 
that  the  large  majority  were  "most  stable" 
in  their  employment  record;  five  years  of 
continuous  employment  with  one  employer 
being  the  criterion  used.  He  pointed  out 
that  the  major  problem  of  the  older 
worker  was  economic;  they  needed 
employment  to  supplement  their  incomes. 
Dr.  Scott  added  that  the  group  as  a  whole 
was  for  the  most  part  "disgustingly 
healthy". 

To  date,  approximately  6,000  applicants 
have  been  counselled  and  some  4,000  have 
found  permanent  employment  after  coun- 
selling, the  NES  official  added.  He  noted 
that  a  sample  check  of  20  per  cent  of 
those    obtaining    employment    after    coun- 


selling, taken  18  months  later,  showed  that 
90  per  cent  were  still  employed  at  the 
same  jobs. 

In  one  case  referred  to  by  the  speaker, 
a  female  applicant  of  57  years  who  had 
been  a  competent  stenographer  up  to  the 
time  of  her  marriage  30  years  previously 
and  who  was  accustomed  to  driving  a  car 
was  encouraged  by  her  counsellor  to  seek 
a  position  as  a  secretary-companion- 
chauffeur  to  a  woman  interested  in  travel. 
Within  two  days  she  had  obtained  such  a 
position. 

Another  applicant  noted  by  Dr.  Scott 
was  67  years  of  age  and  was  handicapped 
by  deafness.  During  his  counselling  he 
revealed  that  he  had  at  one  time  in  his 
employment  career  been  a  skilled  wood 
worker  in  the  period  when  wooden  railway 
coaches  were  constructed.  Through  NES, 
the  applicant  was  able  to  obtain  employ- 
ment with  a  company  building  wooden 
partitions  and  proved  to  be  most  satis- 
factory to  his  employer. 

Dr.  Scott  referred  to  still  another  case 
history  in  which  the  applicant,  who  was 
69,  had  had  35  years  experience  with  a 
national  firm  at  a  high  salary.  Upon  being 
advised  that  his  record  fitted  him  for 
a  position  in  which  he  could  serve  "as 
a  resurrector  of  failing  businesses",  he 
obtained  just  such  employment  with  a  firm 
requiring  assistance.  Within  three  months 
of  his  appointment,  the  applicant  had 
become  vice-president  of  the  firm  in  ques- 
tion, Dr.  Scott  noted.  The  speaker 
referred  to  several  case  histories  of 
workers  ranging  in  age  from  48  to  80,  all  of 
whom  were  satisfactorily  placed  following 
counselling. 

In  1952,  the  NES  counselling  services 
were  extended  to  the  West  Coast,  having 
originally  been  commenced  in  Toronto, 
December  1,  1947.  The  service  was 
extended  to  Ottawa,  Hamilton,  London  and 
Windsor  in  July  1949. 


1137 


Causes  of  Industrial  Peace  —  70 


Study  Finds    Scanlon  Plan    Helps 

Maintain  Harmonious  Relationship 


National  Planning  Association's  tenth  case  study  into  the  causes  of 
industrial  peace  under  collective  bargaining  describes  stable  union- 
management    relationship    in    "highly   volatile"  machine  tool   industry 


How  management  and  the  union,  during 
eight  years  marked  by  periods  of  sharp 
contraction  and  rapid  expansion  in  the 
industry,  have  progressed  from  an  unsatis- 
factory start,  followed  by  a  long  and  costly 
strike,  to  a  high  quality  of  industrial  peace 
which  shows  promise  of  continuing  to 
benefit  the  company,  the  workers,  and  the 
public  is  unfolded  in  a  case  study  of  The 
Lapointe  Machine  Tool  Company,  of 
Hudson,  Mass.  The  study  is  the  tenth* 
in  the  series  "Causes  of  Industrial  Peace 
under  Collective  Bargaining"  prepared  for 
the  National  Planning  Association, 
Washington. 

The  Company 

The  Lapointe  Machine  Tool  Company 
produces  a  wide  variety  of  broaches  and 
broaching  machines — precision  machine 
tools  for  cutting  interior  metal  surfaces. 
It  does  a  complete  job  from  the  necessary 
machine  design  and  engineering  work  to 
installing  and   testing  the  instruments. 

To  provide  this  complete  service,  which 
according  to  the  report  is  unique  in  the 
industry,  the  company  employs  people  for 
a  variety  of  technical  jobs  as  well  as  for 
factory  work.  Slightly  more  than  1,000 
persons  are  on  the  payroll,  80  per  cent  of 
whom  are  factory  workers. 

While  it  is  not  necessary  for  everyone 
to  be  highly  skilled  in  his  occupation, 
virtually  every  worker  must  be  able  to 
read  blueprints,  use  craftsmen's  tools  such 
as  micrometers,  set  up  and  operate  his 
machine,  and  have  the  capacity  to  take 
responsibility  and  show  individual  judg- 
ment in  his  work.  As  a  result,  the  work 
tends  to  attract  and  develop  an  inquisitive 


*Case  studies  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4  and  5  were 
published  in  the  June  1949,  issue  of  the 
Labour  Gazette.  Studies  6,  7  and  8 
appeared  in  the  March,  April  and  Decem- 
ber 1950,  issues  respectively,  and  No.  9  in 
the    January    1952,    issue. 


and  self-reliant  type  of  worker  and  the 
company  has  the  reputation  of  being  a 
good  place  to  learn  the  trade. 

The  Union 

Local  3536  of  the  United  Steelworkers  of 
America  (CIO)  won  exclusive  bargaining 
rights  by  a  close  vote  after  a  vigorous  but 
not  bitter  campaign.  The  union's  govern- 
mental processes,  it  is  stated,  are  democratic 
in  nature.  There  is  ample  opportunity  for 
the  expression  of  majority  will  and  deep 
respect  for  the  rights  and  opinions  of  the 
critical  individual.  Members  vote  heavily 
on  important  issues  and  in  elections  for 
union  office  and  many  of  them  take  a 
willing  and  active  part  in  administering  the 
union's  day-to-day  business. 

Environment 

Unlike  several  situations  reported  in 
previous  case  studies,  the  environment  for 
peace  in  this  company  and  its  industry  is 
not  favourable,  the  special  NPA  Committee 
says  in  a  statement  on  the  case.  Boom 
times  or  emergencies  create  sudden 
demands  for  a  tremendous  expansion  of 
machine-tool  capacity  and  for  a  great  in- 
crease in  skilled  employees,  followed 
usually  by  a  sharp  drop,  even  when  high 
employment  is  continuing  elsewhere. 

The  situation  is  made  more  difficult  by 
the  company's  location  in  an  area  in  which 
there  is  not  a  large  reservoir  of  skilled 
machine-tool  workers  and  there  are  few 
other  machine-tool  companies  which  could 
use  the  skills  of  laid-off  workers. 

Despite  these  unfavourable  factors  there 
is  a  high  quality  of  industrial  peace  at 
Lapointe.  The  causes  of  this  peace,  states 
the  committee,  appear  to  be  internal  ones: 
"the  attitudes  and  approach  which  have 
been  developed  as  the  parties  to  bargaining 
have  faced  problems  and  worked  out  solu- 
tions together." 


1138 


Development  of  Relationship 

Well-defined  periods  mark  the  evolution 
of  the  present  relationship,  beginning  with 
the  organization  at  the  end  of  1944  of  the 
local  union,  followed  by  the  industry-wide 
steel  strike  in  1946.  This  led  to  agree- 
ment by  union  and  management  to  a 
co-operative  approach  to  production 
problems,  resulting  in  the  adoption  of  the 
"Scanlon  Plan",  and  finally  the  testing  of 
the  plan. 

A  period  of  probing  and  unrest  followed 
the  certification  of  Local  3536  as  sole 
bargaining  agent.  There  were  many  formal 
grievances,  two  going  to  arbitration  and 
one  erupting  into  a  "quickie"  strike.  Con- 
sidering the  newness  of  the  union-manage- 
ment relationship,  however,  relations  were 
not  unusually  bad. 

Matters  were  brought  to  a  head  with 
the  general  steel  dispute  in  1946.  Workers 
at  Lapointe  went  out  on  strike  and 
remained  on  strike  for  11  weeks — long  after 
''Big  Steel"  had  arrived  at  a  settlement. 
The  strike  was  an  important  factor  in  the 
development  of  future  labour  relations. 
Both  parties  learned  at  first  hand  the  cost 
of  a  strike,  and  they  have  not  forgotten  it. 
Each  was  made  aware  of  the  other  party's 
strength  and  a  balance  of  power  was  estab- 
lished, which  still  exists.  The  strike  drove 
home  the  fact  that  there  were  mutually 
unsatisfactory  conditions  which  could  not 
be  corrected  by  domination  or  force.  Both 
realized  that  it  was  necessary  to  have  a 
different  method  of  solving  problems. 

Relationship  under  Scanlon  Plan 

Change  in  union-management  relation- 
ship came  about  in  1947  when  both  parties 
agreed  to  co-operate  in  working  out  pro- 
duction problems  and  to  allocate  gains 
created  by  the  group  effort  on  a  share- 
and-share-alike  basis.  Assisted  by  Joseph 
N.  Scanlon,  a  former  union  official  now  on 
the  staff  of  the  Industrial  Relations  Sec- 
tion of  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of 
Technology,  a  program  of  joint  approach, 
known  as  the  "Scanlon  Plan",  was  embarked 
upon. 

Crises  tested  and  re-tested  the  relation- 
ship. At  first  all  went  well;  then  in  1948 
one  problem  after  another  arose.  The 
piecework  system,  which  had  caused  a 
great  many  grievances — it  did  not  provide 
the  production  wanted  by  management  but 
did  provide  a  basis  for  differential  treat- 
ment— had  been  dropped  and  a  bonus 
system  put  into  effect.  Productivity  in- 
creased. Then  business  fell  off.  Manage- 
ment   re-doubled    its    efforts    to    build    up 


sales  and  the  union  agreed  that  it  was 
better  to  maintain  a  trained  work  force 
with  no  bonuses  than  for  some  workers 
to  have  bonuses  while  others  were  laid  off. 

Experience  proved  that  production  could 
be  increased  significantly  under  this  plan 
but  management  was  not  entirely  satisfied 
with  the  financial  results.  Bonuses  were 
paid  in  good  months  but  in  bad  ones 
management  absorbed  the  full  deficit. 
After  full  discussion  by  both  parties  the 
union  agreed,  despite  a  recently-signed 
contract,  that  a  reserve  should  be  set  aside 
in  good  months  to  take  care  of  the  bad 
ones.  If  money  remained  in  the  reserve 
at  the  end  of  the  year  it  would  be  paid 
out  as  a  bonus  at  that  time. 

Both  parties  displayed  an  attitude  of 
fairness  and  good  faith.  Production  and 
earnings  increased.  Success  in  solving 
tough  problems  brought  new  confidence. 

The  committee  states  that  by  the  end  of 
1948,  "the  new  relationship — based  on  a 
balance  of  power,  a  common  purpose  of 
high  output  with  fair  sharing  of  the  dollar 
results  and  a  sense  of  fairness — was  firmly 
established." 

Benefits  Gained 

Since  the  first  year  of  collective  bargain- 
ing under  the  Scanlon  Plan,  employees  at 
Lapointe  have  continued  to  gain  benefits. 
Their  regular  base  rates  are  higher  than 
in  any  other  firm  in  the  Hudson  labour 
market  and  have  almost  doubled  since  the 
union  won  bargaining  rights  in  1944.  Their 
present  average  hourly  earnings,  including 
productivity  bonuses,  are  higher  than  those 
paid  by  most  New  England  firms  and 
compare  favourably  with  firms  throughout 
the  machine  tool  industry. 

Suggestions  and  grievances  are  listened 
to  and  acted  upon  by  management  and 
by  the  union.  Management  gives  infor- 
mation freely.  Any  issue  can  be  brought 
up  for  discussion  and  criticism  made  in 
good  faith  is  accepted  as  a  constructive 
contribution  towards  improved  produc- 
tivity. The  importance  of  the  workers' 
efforts  and  ideas  in  solving  production 
problems  and  in  helping  to  train  new 
workers  is  recognized  throughout  the 
organization. 

Management  is  satisfied  with  the  financial 
results;  productivity  and  profit  stability 
have  increased.  Operations  in  the  plant 
are  smoother  as  a  result  of  the  workers' 
understanding  of  the  profit  motive  and 
their  active  and  informal  consideration  of 
production  problems.  The  possibility  of 
costly  strikes  has  been  reduced. 

The  public,  too,  has  gained  from  the 
stable,     co-operative     relationship     through 


1139 


the  company's  ability  to  expand  production 
quickly.  Following  the  outbreak  of  the 
Korean  war,  the  company,  operating  in  a 
labour  market  in  which  there  was  no  large 
quantity  of  skilled  labour  to  draw  upon, 
expanded  production  in  the  period  May 
1950,  to  February  1951,  by  100  per  cent, 
in  contrast  to  a  50-per-cent  increase 
throughout  the  machine  tool  industry.  A 
remarkable  training  job  with  "green" 
workers  was  made  possible,  it  is  stated, 
because  management  and  the  union  "had 
learned  to  recognize,  communicate,  and  do 
something  about  their  common  problems". 

Stability  ot  Relationship 

Both  the  committee  and  the  authors  of 
the  report  agree  that  the  relationship  is 
likely  to  remain  stable  because  it  operates 
in  the  self-interests  of  all  concerned — the 
company,  the  union  and  its  members.  Even 
if  a  strike  should  occur,  although  at  present 
the  possibility  seems  remote,  the  co- 
operative approach  of  the  parties  to  their 
day-to-day  problems  has  worked  out  so 
satisfactorily  that  they  would,  in  all  prob- 
ability, return  to  that  approach  as  soon 
as  their  collective  bargaining  differences 
were  settled. 

Parallels  in  Case  Studies 

While  the  relationship  that  is  the  subject 
of  this  study  differs  from  some  of  those 
studied  earlier,  in  that  it  has  survived  bad 
times  as  well  as  boom  times  and  also  in 
the  more  formal  approach  by  management 
and  union  in  a  co-operative  plan  for  the 
solution  of  production  problems,  the  com- 
mittee finds  certain  "significant"  parallels 
common  to  all: — 

1.  There  is  full  acceptance  by  manage- 
ment   of   the    collective   bargaining   process 


and  of  unionism  as  an  institution.  The 
company  considers  a  strong  union  an 
asset  to  management. 

2.  The  union  fully  accepts  private  owner- 
ship and  operation  of  the  industry;  it 
recognizes  that  the  welfare  of  its  members 
depends  upon  the  successful  operation  of 
the  business. 

3.  The  union  is  strong,  responsible  and 
democratic. 

4.  The  company  stays  out  of  the  union's 
internal  affairs;  it  does  not  seek  to  alienate 
the  workers'  allegiance  to  the  union. 

5.  Mutual  trust  and  confidence  exist 
between  the  parties.  There  have  been  no 
serious  ideological  incompatabilities. 

6.  Neither  party  to  bargaining  has 
adopted  a  legalistic  approach  to  the  solu- 
tion of  problems. 

7.  Negotiations  are  "problem-centred" — 
more  time  is  spent  on  day-to-day  problems 
than  on  defining  abstract  principles. 

8.  There  is  widespread  union-manage- 
ment consultation  and  highly  developed 
information-sharing. 

The  National  Planning  Association 
describes  itself  as  "an  independent,  non- 
political,  non-profit  organization,  where 
leaders  of  agriculture,  business,  labour  and 
the  professions  join  in  programs  to  main- 
tain and  strengthen  private  initiative  and 
enterprise". 

Case  study  No.  10  was  prepared  for  the 
NPA  Committee  on  the  Causes  of  Indus- 
trial Peace  under  Collective  Bargaining  by 
George  P.  Shultz  and  Robert  P.  Crisara  of 
the  Industrial  Relations  Section,  Massachu- 
setts Institute  of  Technology. 


Precedent-Setting  Pact  Signed 
by  CCCL,  Department  Store 

A  Montreal  department  store,  Dupuis 
Freres,  scene  of  a  widely-publicized  strike 
last  year,  has  signed  a  collective  agree- 
ment with  the  National  Syndicate  of  Trade 
Employees  (CCCL)  which  sets  several 
precedents. 

The  company  has  agreed  to  pay  family 
allowances  for  employees'  children  still 
attending  school  at  16  years  of  age,  when 
government  payment  of  the  allowances 
stops. 


The  contract  provides  for  a  $25  bonus 
to  regular  holiday  cheques  for  employees 
with  five  years'  service. 

The  company  also  agreed  to  a  cumulative 
sick  leave  plan.  When  an  employee 
retires,  the  company  will  pay  him  full  time 
for  unused  sick  leave,  up  to  six  months. 

The  contract  also  provides  for  the  Rand 
formula  for  employees  with  three  months' 
service,  an  adjustment  in  wage  rates  for 
employees  with  less  than  two  years'  ser- 
vice, general  wage  increases,  a  reduction  of 
the  work  week  to  37^  hours  for  store  clerks 
and  to  40  hours  for  mail  order  clerks,  and 
abolition  of  the  quota  system  for  sales  eVrks. 

Gerard  Picard,  General  President  of  the 
CCCL,  participated  in  the  negotiations. 


1140 


Causes  of  Industrial  Peace  --77 


Mature,  Productive  Relationship 

Follows  Long  Period  of  Unrest 

History  of  suspicion  and  friction  between  management  and  workers  does 
not  doom  efforts  to  achieve  mutually-profitable  industrial  peace,  the 
National    Planning   Association   reports  in   study   of   U.S.   textile   plant 


A  mature  and  productive  collective 
bargaining  relationship  at  a  New  England 
textile  plant,  which  promises  now  to 
endure  following  48  years  of  general  unrest, 
is  analysed  in  the  National  Planning  Asso- 
ciation's eleventh  case  study  of  the  causes 
of  industrial  peace. 

Relations  between  the  American  Velvet 
Company  of  Stonington,  Conn.,  and  Local 
110  of  the  Textile  Workers  Union  of 
America  (CIO),  the  NPA  reports,  offer 
good  evidence  that  a  history  of  suspicion 
and  friction  between  management  and  the 
workers  does  not  doom  efforts  to  achieve 
mutually  profitable  industrial  peace. 

Relations  had  been  unsettled  and  even 
bitter  from  the  plant's  opening  in  1892 
until  the  end  of  a  costly  16-month  strike 
in  1939.  A  drastic  change  in  1940  to 
realistic  collective  bargaining,  built  on 
intelligent,  conscientious  and  continuous 
efforts  by  management  and  union,  has 
resulted  in  more  money  and  steady  growth 
for  the  company;  full  employment  at  good 
wages,  plus  a  share  in  the  profits,  for  the 
workers;  economic,  social  and  political  gains 
for  the  community;  and  no  strikes,  work 
stoppages  or  arbitrations  since  the  change. 

The  on-the-spot  investigation  at  the 
American  Velvet  plant  was  made  by 
George  S.  Paul,  Director,  Labour-Manage- 
ment Institute,  University  of  Connecticut, 
at  the  request  of  the  NPA  Committee  on 
the  Causes  of  Industrial  Peace  Under 
Collective  Bargaining. 

Successful  Profit-Sharing  Plan 

A  main  factor  in  the  American  Velvet 
relationship,  it  is  stressed,  is  the  success  of 
the  profit-sharing  plan  started  at  the  sug- 
gestion of  the  company's  owner  and 
president  in  1940.  The  plan  is  viewed  by 
both  parties  not  as  a  substitute  for  good 
wages  or  other  benefits  worked  out  by 
the  union  and  company  but  as  a  means 
of  equitably  sharing  the  fruits  of  their 
labour.  Wages  before  profit  sharing  are 
in  line  with  those  of  the  industry  and  the 
community — generally  higher. 


Although  the  plan  has  brought  monetary 
returns  to  the  workers,  fluctuating  from  11 
per  cent  to  39  per  cent  of  the  worker's 
annual  pay  in  the  12  years  it  has  been  in 
operation,  a  more  important  effect  of  the 
system,  the  committee  and  author  of  the 
study  believe,  is  the  development  of  the 
philosophy  that  "everyone  will  prosper  or 
no  one  will".  Workers  and  their  union 
are  as  interested  as  management  in  new 
products  and  sales  and  co-operate  in 
finding  ways  to  cut  costs,  increase  produc- 
tivity and  improve  the  general  welfare  of 
the  business. 

As  to  what  will  happen  when  there  are 
losses  to  share,  the  workers  say  they  have 
always  shared  losses  in  terms  of  unem- 
ployment. Both  management  and  labour 
feel  that  their  relationship  and  their 
profit-sharing  plan  will  survive  bad  times 
if  they  come. 

Although  profit-sharing  has  provided  the 
incentive  for  co-operation  and  for  develop- 
ing habits  of  working  together,  it  could 
not  alone  have  produced  industrial  peace, 
the  committee  states.  "The  basic  reason 
for  success  of  the  plan  and  of  the  whole 
collective  bargaining  relationship  is  the 
responsibility  and  mutual  respect  which  is 
demonstrated  in  everyday  activities  by 
management  and  the  union.  This  demo- 
cratic union  has  intelligent  leadership 
guided  by  an  active  and  interested  mem- 
bership. It  has  demonstrated  to  manage- 
ment an  ability  and  willingness  to  carry 
its  share  of  the  load  on  a  wide  variety 
of  problems.  Management,  led  by  its 
president,  has  convincingly  proved  to 
workers  its  sincerity  in  seeking  ways  to 
assure  that  the  workers  have  security,  well- 
being  and  dignity  in  their  jobs  and 
community." 

Informality  is  Keynote 

The  size  of  the  organization — the  smallest 
so  far  studied  in  the  series — creates  an 
opportunity  for  close  association  between 
management  officials  and  union  members 
and  a   free   exchange   of  advice  and   infor- 


1141 


mation  all  through  the  working  day,  it  is 
noted.  Informality  is  the  keynote  through- 
out the  plant — in  management  organization, 
disciplinary  rules  and  regulations,  grievance 
handling  and  in  communications  and  con- 
sultation. Although  the  contract  contains 
a  standard  four-step  grievance  procedure, 
no  grievance  has  been  reduced  to  writing 
or  carried  to  the  arbitration  stage. 

By  reason  of  this  informality  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  determine  how  many  grievances  are 
settled  at  the  various  levels  but  they  have 
been  settled  promptly.  Some  by-passing 
of  management  and  union  authority  in 
both  grievance  handling  and  the  communi- 
cations process  has  occurred  but  the  com- 
pany is  aware  of  this  situation  and  is 
seeking  to  correct  it  through  regular 
foremen's  meetings. 

Communications 

A  unique  "Pops  Committee",  made  up 
of  past  presidents  of  Local  110,  serves  as 
a  top  advisory  group  to  management  and 
the  union  on  such  problems  as  production, 
finance  and  labour  relations.  This  advisory 
group  has  been  effective  and  has  con- 
tributed to  industrial  peace;  both  union 
and  company  respect  and  have  confidence 
in  its  recommendations  and  opinions. 

Rapid  expansion  and  the  development 
of  new  fabrics  in  the  last  ten  years  have 
created  problems  concerned  with  work 
loads  and  piece-work  rates.  A  joint 
"Planning  Board",  composed  of  three 
management  and  three  union  representa- 
tives, was  formed  at  a  meeting  of  the  Pops' 
Committee  to  study  and  investigate  all 
inequities  and  to  suggest  adjustments. 
Like  the  Pops'  Committee,  this  Board  has 
authority  only  to  recommend;  normal 
labour-management  procedures  are  followed 
in  initiating  its  recommendations. 

Future  Outlook 

As  regards  the  outlook  for  the  future, 
it  is  pointed  out  that  both  management 
and  union  recognize  that  the  relationship 
may  face  difficult  tasks,  such  as  no  profits 
to  share  or  a  change  in  ownership  or  top 


management,  but  both  believe  that  they 
can  "meet  such  tests  by  continued  applica- 
tion of  the  attitudes  and  methods  that 
have  built  the  present  relationship". 

Parallels  with  Previous  Studies 

The  committee's  appraisal  of  the  under- 
lying causes  of  industrial  peace  at  the 
American  Velvet  Company  show  significant 
parallels  to  important  factors  found  in  the 
previous  ten  studies — studies  of  companies 
of  various  sizes  in  different  parts  of  the 
United  States,  in  the  pulp  and  paper,  glass, 
chemical,  clothing,  aircraft,  steel  and 
machine-tool  industries.  Among  the  causes 
of  peace  common  to  all  are: — 

1.  Full  acceptance  by  management  of 
the  collective  bargaining  process  and  of 
unionism  as  an  institution.  The  company 
considers  a  strong  union  is  an  asset  to 
management. 

2.  Full  acceptance  by  the  union  of 
private  ownership  and  operation  of  the 
industry;  recognition  that  the  welfare  of 
the  members  depends  upon  the  successful 
operation   of   the   business. 

3.  A  strong,  responsible  and  democratic 
union. 

4.  The  company  stays  out  of  the  union's 
internal  affairs;  it  does  not  seek  to 
alienate  the  workers'  allegiance  to  their 
union. 

5.  Mutual  trust  and  confidence  exist 
between  the  parties;  there  have  been  no 
serious  ideological  incompatabilities. 

6.  Neither  party  to  bargaining  has 
adopted  a  legalistic  approach  to  the  solu- 
tion of  problems  in  the  relationship. 

7.  Negotiations  are  "problem-centred" — 
more  time  is  spent  on  day-to-day  problems 
than  on  defining  abstract  principles. 

8.  There  is  widespread  union-manage- 
ment consultation  and  highly  developed 
information-sharing. 

It  is  the  committee's  intention  to 
evaluate  the  extent  to  which  these  factors 
may  be  transferable  to  other  industries  and 
areas  in  a  summary  report  to  be  issued 
after  the  series  of  "on-the-spot"  studies  is 
completed. 


STRIKES  AND   LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  1952 

With  Information  for  Certain  Other  Countries 

Price:  15  cents 

Contains  a  detailed  list  of  strikes  and  lockouts  occurring  in  Canada 
during  195  2,  together  with  tables  showing  time  loss,  workers  involved, 
causes  and   results;  and   also   information    for   certain  other  countries 


1142 


Two  States  Enact  Laws  to  Curb 

Racketeering  on  N.Y.  Waterfront 

New  York  and  New  Jersey  move  to  correct  notorious  dockside  situation 
at  Port  of   New  York.   AFL  also  taking  steps  to  clean  up  conditions 


Twin  bills  designed  to  eliminate  racket- 
eering on  the  New  York  City  waterfront 
were  signed  on  July  1  by  Governors 
Thomas  E.  Dewey  of  New  York  and  Alfred 
E.  Driscoll  of  New  Jersey.  The  new  legis- 
lation provides  for  a  two-state  commission 
and  must  be  passed  by  the  United  States 
Congress  before  receiving  final  approval. 

The  New  York  District  Council  of  the 
International  Longshoremen's  Association 
has  voted  to  assess  each  union  member 
in  the  port  of  New  York  $5  for  a  fund 
to  contest  the  laws.  The  assessment  is 
being  referred  to  each  of  the  65  ILA  locals 
in  New  York  and  New  Jersey  that  come 
under  the  Council's  jurisdiction. 

Patrick  J.  Connolly,  ILA  Executive  Vice- 
president,  said  there  were  about  30,000 
organized  longshoremen  in  the  port  so  that 
the  maximum  sum  that  could  be  collected 
would  be  about  $150,000. 

The  main  features  of  the  bills  are:  regis- 
tration of  longshoremen;  the  licensing  of 
pier  superintendents,  hiring  agents,  port 
watchmen  and  stevedores;  the  abolition  of 
"public  loading"  and  the  substitution  of 
"employment  information  centres"  for  the 
"shape-up"  system  of  hiring  dock  labour. 

The  new  requirements  are  the  result  of 
a  year-long  investigation  of  the  waterfront 
areas  by  the  New  York  State  Crime 
Commission.  According  to  the  legislation, 
the  abolition  of  "public  loading"  would 
remove  the  paying  of  middlemen  for  work 
on  the  docks.  Public  loaders  are  groups 
of  longshoremen  who  transfer  freight  from 
piers  to  trucks  rather  than  between  ships 
and  piers,  the  usual  work  of  the  trade. 

Under  the  "shape-up"  system  of  hiring 
dock  labour,  longshoremen  assemble  daily 
before  a  hiring  boss,  who  indicates  the 
men  who  will  work  for  the  day.  Governor 
Dewey  has  denounced  the  practice  as 
"inhuman  and  degrading".  This  situation 
would  be  remedied  by  the  establishment  of 
"employment  information  centres".  All 
longshoremen  would  be  required  to  register 
and  would  be  hired  only  through  licensed 
hiring  agents. 

If  congressional  approval  is  granted,  the 
two  bills  will  become  effective  December  1 
this  year.  Two  provisions  of  the  legis- 
lation are  to  become  operative  September  1. 


These  particular  sections  forbid  loitering  on 
the  waterfront  and  prohibit  any  waterfront 
local  from  collecting  dues  and  other  fees 
so  long  as  it  employs  a  convicted  felon 
who  has  not  been  pardoned  or  given  a 
good  conduct  certificate. 

The  cost  of  the  two-state  commission  is 
to  be  defrayed  by  an  assessment  of  water- 
front employers  based  on  the  size  of  their 
payrolls.  The  maximum  assessment  was 
set  at  two  per  cent  and,  pending  such 
levies,  the  commission  will  function  on 
funds  provided  by  the  two  states. 

During  its  investigations,  the  New  York 
commission  has  made  71  indictments  to 
date.  At  present,  Joseph  P.  Ryan,  Presi- 
dent of  the  ILA,  is  under  an  indictment 
charging  larceny  of  union  funds. 

Union  Action 

Prior  to  the  passage  of  the  New  York- 
New  Jersey  legislation,  union  action  had 
been  taken  to  curb  racketeering  on  the 
waterfront.  In  the  first  of  a  series  of  such 
moves,  contract  negotiations  between  the 
ILA  and  the  New  York  Shipping  Associa- 
tion were  scheduled  for  June,  two  months 
in  advance  of  the  regular  date.  The  New 
York  district  council  of  the  ILA  voted  to 
begin  the  negotiations  earlier  than  usual 
with  a  view  to  winning  agreement  on  the 
abolition  of  the  "shape-up". 

The  American  Federation  of  Labor  had 
insisted  that  steps  towards  the  abolition 
of  the  "shape-up"  be  taken  and  that  this 
method  of  hiring  workers  be  eliminated  by 
August  10.  In  addition,  the  district  council 
instructed  its  affiliates  to  take  immediate 
action  towards  the  adoption  of  a  code  of 
"democratic  union  practices"  which  would 
meet  with  the  approval  of  the  parent  body. 

The  new  code  affecting  union  practices 
will  deal  with  such  matters  as  rules 
governing  membership  meetings,  the  holding 
of  elections  and  the  submission  of  financial 
reports.  Previously,  union  members,  voting 
in  a  district  council  referendum,  had  voted 
by  7,020  to  3,920  to  keep  the  present 
method  of  hiring  in  effect.  The  AFL 
executive  council  had  threatened  to  recom- 
mend the  union's  expulsion  at  the  annual 
convention    next    month    in    St.    Louis,    if 


1143 


substantial  progress  towards  reform  had 
not  been  initiated  by  the  August  10 
deadline. 

Among  the  major  requirements  laid  down 
by  the  AFL  executive  council  were  the 
abolition  of  the  "shape-up"  and  of  the 
receipt  by  officials  of  the  ILA  and  its 
locals  of  money  payments  from  employers, 
the  introduction  of  "democratic  adminis- 
tration" in  longshoremen's  unions  and  the 
expulsion  of  union  officials  with  criminal 
records. 

George  Meany,  President  of  the  AFL, 
stated,  with  regard  to  union  officials  who 
have  criminal  records,  "it  is  our  belief  that 
any  individual  who  has  been  convicted  of 
a  serious  crime  or  crimes  which  would 
operate  to  his  public  discredit  or  to  bring 
the  trade  union  movement  into  disrepute 
or  which  would  otherwise  operate  to  render 
him  unfit  to  fulfil  his  responsibilities  as  a 
union  official  and  employee  representative, 
should  not  be  permitted  to  serve." 

Mr.  Meany  added  that  "there  are  other 
officers  and  representatives  of  subordinate 
bodies  of  the  ILA  who,  even  though  they 
do  not  possess  a  criminal  record  in  its 
technical  sense,  nevertheless,  by  reason  of 
their  close  association  and  dealings  with 
known  gangsters  and  racketeers,  bring  the 
entire    labour    movement    into    disrepute." 

As  far  as  receipt  by  union  officials  of 
gifts  is  concerned,  the  AFL  President 
stated  that  "it  is  our  belief  that  acceptance 
by  union  representatives  of  money  pay- 
ments from  employers,  although  not 
amounting  to  briber,  may,  depending  upon 
the  particular  circumstances,  lend  itself  to 
many  evils  and  abuses,  and  often  serves  to 
discredit  or  otherwise  disqualify  a  union 
representative  from  faithfully  serving  the 
best  interests  of  his  membership." 

Previously,  the  ILA  had  refused  to 
comply  with  the  AFL  ban  on  former  con- 
victs, arguing  that  it  would  only  do  so 
when  the  AFL  itself  placed  such  a  restric- 
tion upon  all  its  affiliates.  The  executive 
council's  action  was  based  upon  the  fact 
that  it  was  not  proper  for  a  union  that 
"had  brought  public  disgrace  upon  itself 
and  on  organized  labour"  to  dictate  rules 
to  the  rest  of  the  labour  movement. 

The  AFL  council  does  not  have  the  con- 
stitutional power  to  suspend  or  expel  the 
longshoremen's  union  without  the  concur- 
rence of  the  annual  convention  of  the 
Federation. 

The  present  contract  between  the  water- 
front unions  and  the  New  York  Shipping 
Association  expires  September  30.  By 
beginning  negotiations  before  this  date,  the 
wage  committee  gave  itself  three  months 
in    which    to    work    out    a    new    committee 


system.  The  shipping  association,  repre- 
senting 170  dock  concerns,  had  announced 
its  opposition  to  the  "shape-up"  and  its 
support  of  an  off-the-street  hiring  scheme. 

Prior  to  the  AFL  ultimatum  issued  to 
the  ILA,  New  York's  maritime  unions  that 
are  affiliated  to  the  AFL  formed  a  new 
organization  through  which  to  carry  out 
waterfront  reforms.  The  new  association, 
called  the  New  York  Harbour  Port  Council, 
includes  representatives  from  the  Seafarers' 
International  Union,  the  International 
Longshoremen's  Association,  the  Radio 
Officers'  Union,  the  Sailors  Union  of  the 
Pacific,  the  Brotherhood  of  Marine  Engi- 
neers, the  Masters,  Mates  and  Pilots  of 
America,  the  Staff  Officers  Association  and 
the  International  Brotherhood  of  Teamsters. 

Among  the  problems  selected  for  reform 
by  the  new  group  were  the  following: 
union  democracy,  crime,  pilferage,  the 
"shape-up",  the  activities  of  "loan  sharks",, 
"public  loaders",  work  stoppages,  the 
rehabilitation  of  former  convicts  and  the 
licensing  of  waterfront  workers. 

Federal  Steps 

Prior  to  the  recent  steps  taken  by  the 
AFL  and  the  state  governments  concerned,. 
it  had  been  announced  that  federal  legis- 
lation would  be  enacted  to  clean  up  the 
dock  unions  unless  the  labour  body  acted 
itself.  Senator  Charles  W.  Toby  remarked 
during  a  hearing  by  a  senate  subcommittee 
investigating  waterfront  conditions  that  the 
Government  might  intervene  with  remedial 
legislation. 

Apart  from  possible  legislative  action 
being  taken  by  the  federal  Government,  the 
National  Labour  Relations  Board  had 
already  authorized  its  regional  director  in 
the  New  York  and  New  Jersey  area  to 
turn  over  to  the  Federal  Bureau  of  Investi- 
gation and  the  United  States  Attorney's 
office  any  information  which  would  be  of 
help  in  prosecuting  either  employees  or 
employers  guilty  of  crimes. 

British  Hiring  Methods 

It  has  been  pointed  out  in  New  York  by 
Viscount  Waverley.  Chairman  of  the  Port 
of  London  Authority,  that  the  substitution 
of  a  central  labour  registration  system  for 
a  "shape-up"  form  of  hiring  has  assured 
reasonably  stead}'  employment  and  a 
regular  income  for  23,000  longshoremen  in 
the  London  area.  Viscount  Waverley  added 
that  all  of  London's  23.000  dock  workers 
are  registered  with  the  National  Dock 
Labour  Board  and  that  at  least  16,000  of 
these  are  employed  daily.    Those  for  whom 

(Continued  on  page  1195) 


1144 


International 
Labour  Organization 


Two  Recommendations  Approved 

at  ILO's  36th  General  Conference 

One  fixes  minimum  age  for  employment  underground  in  coal  mines  at  16 
years;  the  other  proposes  a  series  of  measures  to  protect  the  health 
of  workers  in  their  places  of  employment.  No  conventions  approved 

observing  their  obligations  in  regard  to  the 
Conventions  and  Recommendations  adopted 
at  previous  sessions. 

During  the  debate  on  the  Director- 
General's  report,  the  conference  was 
addressed  by  a  large  number  of  Ministers, 
including  the  Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg, 
Canada's  Minister  of  Labour  (L.G.,  July, 
p.  1014). 

The  Recommendation  establishing  16 
years  as  the  minimum  age  in  underground 
coal  mining  was  approved  by  183  votes  to 
none,  with  one  delegate  abstaining.  It 
calls  upon  member  countries  to  put  the 
minimum  age  into  effect  "as  rapidly  as 
national  conditions  allow"  and  proposes  that 
young  persons  16  and  17  years  old  should 
be  employed  in  underground  mining  only 
in  certain  prescribed  conditions. 

The  Recommendation  setting  forth 
measures  to  safeguard  health  in  workplaces 
was  approved  by  194  votes  to  none,  with 
no  abstentions.  In  approving  the  Recom- 
mendation, the  conference  rejected  a 
workers'  proposal  that  it  adopt  a  conven- 
tion on  the  subject  as  well. 

The  Recommendation  has  five  sections. 
One  sets  forth  a  series  of  technical 
measures  to  be  taken  by  the  competent 
authorities  or  by  employers  to  reduce 
health  risks.  Another  declares  that  national 
laws  or  regulations  should  contain  special 
provisions  concerning  medical  examinations 
for  workers  in  occupations  with  special 
risks  to  health.  A  third  urges  that  national 
laws  or  regulations  should  require  the 
notification  of  cases  and  suspected  cases  of 
occupational  disease.  The  fourth  calls  for 
the  provision  in  workplaces  of  first  aid  and 
emergency  treatment  in  case  of  accident  or 
occupational  disease,  poisoning  or  indis- 
position. 

The  amendment  to  the  constitution  was 
adopted  by  189  votes  to  none,  with  two 
abstentions.  When  the  amendment  is  rati- 
fied by  the   required  number  of   countries, 


Two  Recommendations — the  96th  and 
97th  in  the  history  of  the  International 
Labour  Organization — were  approved  at 
the  36th  general  conference  of  the  ILO, 
which  ended  June  25.  One  fixed  16  years 
as  the  minimum  age  for  employment 
underground  in  coal  mines  and  the  other 
proposed  a  series  of  measures  to  protect 
the  health  of  workers  in  their  places  of 
employment. 

No  Conventions  were  approved  at  the 
session. 

(ILO  members  are  required  to  consider 
Recommendations  with  a  view  to  giving 
them  effect  by  legislation  or  other  appro- 
priate action.  In  contrast  to  Conventions, 
they  are  not  subject  to  ratification.) 

The  conference  was  attended  by  212 
titular  delegates — 109  representing  govern- 
ments, 51  employers  and  52  workers — and 
by  368  technical  advisers.  Observers 
brought  the  total  participating  in  the 
session  to  624. 

In  addition  to  the  two  Recommendations, 
the  conference  also  approved  a  series  of 
conclusions  designed  to  provide  the  basis 
for  a  proposed  Recommendation  on  holi- 
days with  pay  that  will  be  considered  at 
the  1954  meeting. 

During  its  three  weeks  of  deliberations, 
the  conference  also: — 

1.  Debated  the  World  Labour  Report 
presented  by  ILO  Director-General  David 
A.  Morse  (L.G.,  June,  p.  869)  and  heard 
an  address  by  Mr.  Morse  in  reply. 

2.  Adopted  a  budget  of  $6,311,170  to 
finance  ILO  operations  in  1954. 

3.  Approved  an  amendment  to  the  ILO 
constitution  increasing  the  size  of  the 
Governing  Body  from  32  to  40  members. 

4.  Approved  a  series  of  "observations 
and  conclusions"  regarding  the  organization 
and  working  of  national  labour  depart- 
ments. 

5.  Examined,  and  adopted  a  report  on, 
the  manner  in  which  member  countries  are 


1145 


the  size  of  the  Governing  Body  will  be 
increased  from  16  government  members, 
eight  employers  and  eight  workers  to  20 
government  members,  ten  employers  and 
ten  workers.  Of  the  20  government  seats, 
10  will  be  allotted  to  the  countries  of 
chief  industrial  importance. 


In  his  reply  to  the  debate  on  his  report, 
Director-General  Morse  spoke  of  the 
problems  that  may  arise  after  the  Korean 
hostilities  end.  "If  there  is  a  possibility 
that  we  may  be  entering  upon  a  new 
period  in  the  relations  between  states,"  he 
said,    "we    must    be    prepared    to    consider 


Five  Canadians  photographed  during  an  intermission  at  the  36th  general  conference 
of  the  International  Labour  Organization  at  Geneva.  They  are  (left  to  right) : 
Hon.  Charles  Daley,  Ontario's  Minister  of  Labour;  Carl  E.  Berg,  Vice-President, 
Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada;  Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  of  Labour; 
Claude  Jodoin,  Vice-President,  TLC;  and  Paul  Goulet,  Director,  ILO  Branch,  Depart- 
ment of  Labour,  who  was  one  of  the  two  government  delegates   to  the  conference. 

Facing  page — The  Canadian  delegation  to  the  conference.  Front  row  (left  to  right)  : 
Allan  C.  Ross,  Canadian  Construction  Association,  employer  adviser;  Paul  Goulet, 
head  of  the  delegation;  H.  R.  Pettigrove,  Department  of  Labour,  government  adviser; 
Louis  Fine,  Chief  Conciliation  Officer,  Ontario  Department  of  Labour;  Hon.  Charles 
Daley,  Ontario's  Minister  of  Labour;  Claude  Jodoin,  workers'  delegate;  Hon.  Milton 
F.  Gregg,  Minister  of  Labour;  Clyde  E.  Shumaker,  Canadian  Manufacturers'  Associa- 
tion, employers'  delegate;  George  V.  Haythorne,  Director,  Economics  and  Research 
Branch,  Department  of  Labour,  government  delegate;  and  Lucien  Dorion,  Vice- 
President,  Canadian  and  Catholic  Confederation  of  Labour,  worker  adviser.  Back 
row  (left  to  right)  :  Howard  T.  Pammet,  Department  of  Labour,  secretary  of  the 
delegation;  Carl  E.  Berg,  worker  adviser;  James  Morrison,  United  Mine  Workers  of 
America,  substitute  workers'  delegate;  Bruce  Williams,  government  adviser;  A.  H. 
Balch,  Dominion  Joint  Legislative  Committee,  Railway  Transportation  Brotherhoods, 
worker  adviser;  Dr.  Ernest  E.  Watkinson,  Department  of  National  Health  and 
Welfare,  government  adviser;  R.  V.  Robinson,  CMA,  employer  adviser;  H.  M.  Sparks, 
Canadian  Chamber  of  Commerce,  employer  adviser;  and  James  A.  Brass,  General 
Secretary,  Railway  Association  of  Canada,  employer  adviser. 

Photos  by  Ami,  Geneva 


1146 


76944—4 


1147 


how  the  ILO  can  make  its  full  contribu- 
tion to  the  establishment  of  permanent 
peace." 

Mr.  Morse  then  suggested  the  contribu- 
tions the  ILO  can  make. 

Given  the  earnest  desire  to  understand  the 
other  man's  point  of  view,  and  given  good 
will  towards  all  people  under  whatever 
social  system  they  may  live,  I  am  convinced 
that  international  social  problems  arising 
from  the  existence  of  societies  differently 
based  can  be  solved  in  conditions  of  peace 
provided  there  is  an  open  international 
forum  in  which  differences  can  be  recon- 
ciled and  conflicting  interests  conciliated. 
The  ILO  can  make  a  contribution  to  the 
maintenance  of  peace  by  offering  such  an 
international  forum.  This  conference  is  that 
forum. 

I  suggest  we  should,  while  not  encouraging 
in  ourselves  any  illusions  as  to  the  real 
obstacles  to  peace  which  remain  to  be  over- 
come, nevertheless  begin  to  think  in  terms 
of  the  real  problems  of  social  policy  which 
a  slackening  of  the  present  world  tension 
would  bring  us  up  against. 

The  major  problems,  he  declared,  were 
the  threat  of  unemployment  and  the  need 
to  go  on  raising  world  productivity. 

On  the  threat  of  unemployment  he  said: 
"We  must  avoid  at  all  cost  that  people 
should  have  reason  to  associate  in  their 
own  minds,  even  for  a  temporary  period, 
the  coming  of  peace  with  economic  disloca- 
tion and  unemployment." 

On  the  need  to  raise  world  productivity 
he  said:  "The  solution  to  problems  in  the 
drive  to  raise  productivity  must  be  sought 
largely  on  the  industrial  front.  Good 
industrial  relations  are  a  guarantee  of 
constructive  co-operation  both  in  increasing 
productivity  and  in  securing  an  equitable 
distribution  of  its  proceeds.  Good  indus- 
trial relations,  as  many  speakers  have 
pointed  out,  are  not  something  which  can 
be  created  by  administrative  decision  or 
legal  action.  They  may  be  assisted  by 
governmental  activity  but  their  success 
depends  upon  the  attitudes  of  the 
employers'  and  workers'  organizations." 


Mr.  Morse  made  two  statements  on  the 
purpose  and  function  of  the  ILO.  "It  is 
not  the  purpose  of  the  Organization,"  he 
said,  "to  preach  monolithic  uniformity,  to 
dictate  ideal  solutions,  or  to  impose  a 
blue-print  of  social  structure  uniformly 
upon  all  countries.  Its  purpose  is  to  help 
the  governments  and  people  in  all  countries 
work  out  solutions  to  their  social  problems." 

(Earlier  in  the  conference  the  United 
States  employers'  delegate,  Charles  E.  Shaw, 
had  expressed  criticism  of  some  phases  of 
ILO  operations.  "The  employers  in  my 
country  view  with  great  alarm,"  he  said, 
"the  adoption  of  an  increasing  number  of 
conventions  which,  in  effect,  would  regulate 
the  internal  affairs  of  citizens  in  member 
countries.  It  is  our  opinion  that  inter- 
national treaties  should  be  confined  to  the 
regulation  of  questions  which  involve  inter- 
national relations.  The  adoption  of  con- 
ventions with  enforcement  procedures 
which  would  regulate  internal  affairs  of 
member  nations  is  to  set  up  a  'super-state'. 
If  the  long-range  intent  of  the  ILO  is  not 
to  set  up  a  'super-state',  then  it  should 
establish  that  fact  by  adopting  recommen- 
dations and  not  conventions  dealing  with 
subjects  that  are  primarily  internal  in 
nature.  The  United  States  employers 
recommended,  at  the  last  two  conferences, 
that  less  emphasis  be  placed  on  conventions 
and  more  on  the  interchange  of  practical 
information  and  experience.") 

On  the  function  of  the  ILO  Mr.  Morse 
said:  "We  cannot  too  much  emphasize  that 
technical  assistance  is  a  complementary 
function  to  the  setting  of  social  policy 
standards.  The  ILO  would  be  abandoning 
its  mission  if  it  were  to  become,  as  regards 
technical  assistance,  merely  a  clearing  house 
for  travelling  experts." 

In  conclusion  Mr.  Morse  declared:  "It 
seems  clearer  to  me  now  than  ever  before 
that  if  world  democracy  is  to  survive,  then 
this  Organization  must  be  strengthened  and 
must  survive." 


TEXTS  OF  RECOMMENDATIONS 

Following  are  the  texts  of  the  two  Recommendations  approved  at  the 
36th  general  conference  of  the  International  Labour  Organization. 

No.  96— Concerning  the  Minimum  Age  for  Admission  to  Work  Underground  in  Coal  Mines 


The  General  Conference  of  the  Interna- 
tional Labour  Organization, 

Having  been  convened  at  Geneva  by  the 
Governing  Body  of  the  International 
Labour  Office,  and  having  met  in  its 
Thirty-sixth  Session  on  4  June  1953, 
and 

Having  decided  upon  the  adoption  of 
certain    proposals    with    regard    to    the 


minimum    age    of    admission    to  _  work 
underground    in    coal    mines,    which    is 
the    sixth    item    on    the    agenda    of    the 
session,  and 
Having    determined    that    these    proposals 
•    shall  take  the   form  of  a  Recommenda- 
tion, 
adopts  this  nineteenth   day  of  June  of  the 
year   one   thousand  nine   hundred  and   fifty- 


1148 


three  the  following  Recommendation,  which 
may  be  cited  as  the  Minimum  Age  (Coal 
Mines)  Recommendation,  1953: — 

The  Conference  recommends  that  each 
Member  should  apply  the  following  provi- 
sions as  rapidly  as  national  conditions  allow 
and  report  to  the  International  Labour  Office 
as  requested  by  the  Governing  Body  con- 
cerning the  measures  taken  to  give  effect 
thereto. 

1.  Young  persons  under  16  years  of  age 
should  not  be  employed  underground  in  coal 
mines. 

2.  Young  persons  who  have  attained  the 
age  of  16  years  but  are  under   18  years  of 

No.  97— Concerning  the  Protection  of  the  Health 

The  General  Conference  of  the  Interna- 
tional Labour  Organization, 

Having  been   convened   at  Geneva  by  the 
Governing    Body    of    the    International 
Labour    Office,    and    having   met    in    its 
Thirty-sixth    Session    on    4    June    1953, 
and 
Having    decided    upon    the     adoption    of 
certain    proposals    with    regard    to    the 
protection  of  the  health   of  workers   in 
places  of  employment,  which  is  the  fifth 
item    on    the     agenda    of    the    session, 
and 
Having    determined    that    these    proposals 
shall  take  the  form  of  a  Recommenda- 
tion, 
adopts  this  twenty-fifth  day  of  June  of  the 
year   one   thousand   nine   hundred    and    fifty- 
three  the  following  Recommendations,  which 
may  be  cited  as  the  Protection  of  Workers' 
Health  Recommendation,   1953: — 

I.  Technical  Measures  for  the  Control  of 
Risks  to  the  Health  of  Workers 

1.  National  laws  or  regulations  should 
provide  for  methods  of  preventing,  reducing 
of  eliminating  risks  to  health  in  places  of 
employment,  including  methods  which  may 
be  applied,  as  necessary  and  appropriate, 
in  connection  with  special  risks  of  injury 
to  health. 

2.  All  appropriate  measures  should  be 
taken  by  the  employer  to  ensure  that  the 
general  conditions  prevailing  in  places  of 
employment  are  such  as  to  provide  adequate 
protection  of  the  health  of  the  workers 
concerned,  and  in  particular  that — 

(a)  dirt  and  refuse  do  not  accumulate 
so  as  to  cause  risk  of  injury  to 
health; 

(b)  the  floor  space  and  height  of  work- 
rooms are  sufficient  to  prevent  over- 
crowding of  workers,  or  congestion 
owing  to  machinery,  materials  or 
products; 

(c)  adequate  and  suitable  lighting,  natural 
or  artificial,  or  both,  is  provided; 

(d)  suitable  atmospheric  conditions  are 
maintained  so  as  to  avoid  insufficient 
air  supply  and  movement,  vitiated  air, 
harmful  draughts,  sudden  variations  in 
temperature,  and,  so  far  as  is  prac- 
ticable, excessive  humidity,  excessive 
heat  or  cold,  and  objectionable  odours; 

(e)  sufficient  and  suitable  sanitary  con- 
veniences and  washing  facilities,  and 
adequate  supplies  of  wholesome  drink- 
ing water,  are  provided  in  suitable 
places  and  properly  maintained; 

(f)  in  cases  where  it  is  necessary  for 
workers  to  change  their  clothing  when 


age  should  not  be  employed  underground  in 
coal  mines  except — 

(a)  for  purposes  of  apprenticeship  or  other 
systematic  vocational  training  provided 
under  adequate  supervision  by  com- 
petent persons  with  technical  and 
practical  experience  of  the  work;  or 

(b)  under  conditions  determined  by  the 
competent  authority,  after  consultation 
with  the  employers'  and  workers' 
organizations  concerned,  relating  to 
the  places  of  work  and  occupations 
permitted  and  the  measures  of 
systematic  medical  and  safety  super- 
vision to  be  applied. 

of  Workers  in  Places  of  Employment 

commencing  or  ceasing  work,  changing 
rooms  or  other  suitable  facilities  for 
the  changing  and  storage  of  clothing 
are  provided  and  properly  main- 
tained; 

(g)  in  cases  where  the  workers  are  pro- 
hibited from  consuming  food  or  drink 
at  their  workplaces,  there  is  on  the 
premises  suitable  accommodation  for 
taking  meals,  unless  appropriate 
arrangements  exist  for  the  workers 
to   take   their   meals  elsewhere; 

(h)  measures  are  taken  to  eliminate  or 
reduce  as  far  as  possible  noise  and 
vibrations  which  constitute  a  danger 
to  the  health  of  workers; 

(i)  provision  is  made  for  the  storage 
under  safe  conditions  of  dangerous 
substances. 

3.  (1)  With  a  view  to  preventing,  reduc- 
ing or  eliminating  risks  to  health  in  places 
of  employment,  all  appropriate  and  practi- 
cable measures  should  be  taken — 

(a)  to  substitute  harmless  or  less  harmful 
substances,  processes  or  techniques  for 
harmful  substances,  processes  or  tech- 
niques; 

(b)  to  prevent  the  liberation  of  harmful 
substances  and  to  shield  workers  from 
harmful  radiations; 

(c)  to  carry  out  hazardous  processes  in 
separate  rooms  or  buildings  occupied 
by  a  minimum  number  of  workers; 

(d)  to  carry  out  hazardous  processes  in 
enclosed  apparatus,  so  as  to  prevent 
personal  contact  with  harmful  sub- 
stances and  the  escape  into  the  air 
of  the  workroom  of  dusts,  fumes,  gases, 
fibres,  mists  or  vapours,  in  quantities 
liable  to  injure  health; 

(e)  to  remove,  at  or  near  their  point  of 
origin,  by  mechanical  exhaust,  ventila- 
tion systems  or  other  suitable  means, 
harmful  dusts,  fumes,  gases,  fibres, 
mists  or  vapours,  where  exposure  to 
them  cannot  be  prevented  in  one  or 
more  of  the  ways  prescribed  in  clauses 
(a)  to  (d)  of  this  paragraph; 

(f)  to  provide  the  workers  with  such 
protective  clothing  and  equipment  and 
other  means  of  personal  protection  as 
may  be  necessary  to  shield  them  from 
the  effects  of  harmful  agents,  where 
other  measures  to  protect  the  health 
of  workers  against  these  agents  are 
impracticable  or  are  not  sufficient  to 
ensure  adequate  protection  and  to 
instruct  the  workers  in  the  use 
thereof. 


76944— 4* 


1149 


(2)  Where  the  use  of  protective  clothing 
and  equipment  referred  to  in  clause  (f) 
above  is  necessary  because  of  the  special 
risks  attaching  to  the  occupation,  such 
clothing  and  equipment  should  be  supplied, 
cleaned  and  maintained  by  the  employer; 
where  such  protective  clothing  or  equip- 
ment may  be  contaminated  by  poisonous  or 
dangerous  substances  it  should,  at  all  times 
when  not  required  for  use  at  work  or  for 
cleaning  or  maintenance  by  the  employer, 
be  kept  in  entirely  separate  accommodation, 
where  it  will  not  be  liable  to  contaminate 
the   ordinary  clothing  of  the  worker. 

(3)  National  authorities  should  promote, 
and  where  appropriate  undertake,  study  of 
the  measures  mentioned  in  subparagraph  (1) 
of  this  paragraph,  and  encourage  the  appli- 
cation of  the  results  of  such  study.  Such 
studies  should  also  be  undertaken  by 
employers  on  a  voluntary  basis. 

4.  (1)   The  workers  should  be  informed — 

(a)  of  the  necessity  of  the  measures  of 
protection  mentioned  in  Paragraphs  2 
and  3  above; 

(b)  of  their  obligation  to  co-operate  in 
and  not  to  disturb  the  proper  func- 
tioning of  such  measures;   and 

(c)  of  their  obligation  to  make  proper  use 
of  the  appliances  and  equipment  pro- 
vided for  their  protection. 

(2)  Consultation  with  workers  on  measures 
to  be  taken  should  be  recognized  as  an 
important  means  of  ensuring  their  co- 
operation. 

5.  (1)  The  atmosphere  of  workrooms  in 
which  dangerous  or  obnoxious  substances  are 
manufactured,  handled  or  used  should  be 
tested  periodically  at  sufficiently  frequent 
intervals  to  ensure  that  toxic  or  irritating 
dusts,  fumes,  gases,  fibres,  mists  or  vapours 
are  not  present  in  quantities  liable  to  injure 
health.  The  competent  authorities  should 
publish  from  time  to  time,  for  the  guidance 
of  all  concerned,  the  available  information 
regarding  maximum  allowable  concentrations 
of  harmful  substances. 

(2)  The  authority  concerned  with  the  pro- 
tection of  the  health  of  workers  in  places 
of  employment  should  be  empowered  to 
specify  the  circumstances  in  which  it  is 
necessary  to  test  the  atmosphere  of  such 
workrooms  and  the  manner  in  which  the 
tests  are  to  be  carried  out.  Such  tests 
should  be  conducted  or  supervised  by  quali- 
fied personnel  and,  where  appropriate,  by 
qualified  medical  personnel  who  possess 
experience   in  occupational   health. 

6.  The  competent  authority  should  draw 
the  attention  of  employers  and  workers 
concerned,  by  all  appropriate  measures,  for 
example  by  warning  notices  in  places  of 
employment,  to  the  special  risks  to  which 
the  workers  are  exposed  and  to  the  pre- 
cautions to  be  taken  to  obviate  these  risks. 

7.  The  competent  authority  should  provide 
for  consultation  at  the  national  level 
between  the  labour  inspectorate  or  other 
authority  concerned  with  the  protection  of 
the  health  of  workers  in  places  of  employ- 
ment and  the  employers'  and  workers' 
organizations  concerned,  with  a  view  to 
giving  effect  to  the  provisions  of  Paragraphs 
2,  3,  4,  5  and  6. 

II.  Medical  Examinations 

8.  (1)  National  laws  or  regulations  should 
contain  special  provisions  concerning  medical 


examinations  in  respect  of  workers  employed 
in  occupations  involving  special  risks  to  their 
health. 

(2)  The  employment  of  workers  in  occu- 
pations involving  special  risks  to  their  health 
should  be  conditional  upon — 

(a)  a  medical  examination,  carried  out 
shortly  before  or  shortly  after  the 
worker  enters  employment;   or 

(b)  a  periodical  medical  examination;   or 

(c)  both  an  initial  medical  examination 
and  a  periodical  medical  examination 
as  in  clauses  (a)   and  (b)   above. 

(3)  National  laws  or  regulations  should 
determine,  or  empower  an  appropriate 
authority  to  determine,  from  time  to  time, 
after  consultation  with  employers'  and 
workers'   organizations   concerned — 

(a)  for  which  risks  and  in  which  circum- 
stances medical  examinations  should 
be  carried  out; 

(b)  for  which  risks  there  should  be  an 
initial  medical  examination  or  a 
periodical  medical  examination,  or 
both; 

(c)  with  due  regard  to  the  nature  and 
degree  of  the  risk  and  of  the 
particular  circumstances,  the  maximum 
intervals  at  which  periodical  medical 
examinations  should  be  carried  out. 

9.  Medical  examinations  for  the  purposes 
of  the  foregoing  paragraph  should  be  carried 
out  with  a  view  to — 

(a)  detecting  as  early  as  possible  signs  of 
a  particular  occupational  disease,  or 
of  special  susceptibility  to  that 
disease; 

(b)  ascertaining  whether,  so  far  as  risk 
of  a  particular  occupational  disease 
is  concerned,  there  are  medical  objec- 
tions to  the  employment  or  continued 
employment  of  the  worker  in  a 
particular  occupation. 

10.  (1)  Where  there  are  no  medical 
objections  to  the  employment  of  a  worker 
in  a  particular  occupation,  so  far  as  risk 
of  a  particular  occupational  disease  is  con- 
cerned, a  certificate  to  this  effect  should  be 
issued  in  a  manner  prescribed  by  the 
competent  authority. 

(2)  Such  certificate  should  be  kept  on  file 
by  the  employer  and  made  available  to 
officials  of  the  labour  inspectorate  or  other 
authority  concerned  with  the  protection  of 
the  health  of  workers  in  places  of  employ- 
ment. 

(3)  Such  certificate  should  be  made  avail- 
able to  the  worker  concerned. 

11.  The  medical  examinations  should  be 
carried  out  by  a  qualified  physician  who 
should  possess,  so  far  as  possible,  knowledge 
of  occupational  health. 

12.  Measures  to  ensure  the  observance  of 
medical  secrecy  should  be  adopted  in  con- 
nection with  all  medical  examinations  and 
the  registration  and  filing  of  related  docu- 
ments. 

13.  (1)  Medical  examinations  made  in 
accordance  with  this  Recommendation  should 
not  involve  the  worker  concerned  in  any 
expense. 

{2)  No  deduction  should  be  made  from 
wages  in  respect  of  time  lost  for  attendance 
at  such  examinations  in  cases  in  which  the 
matter  is  dealt  with  by  national  laws  or 
regulations;  in  cases  in  which  the  matter  is 


1150 


dealt  with  by  collective  agreements,  the  posi- 
tion should  be  as  determined  by  the  relevant 
agreement. 

III.  Notification  of  Occupational   Diseases 
14.    (1)   National  laws  or  regulations  should 
require    the    notification    of    cases    and    sus- 
pected cases  of  occupational  disease. 

(2)  Such  notification  should  be  required 
with  a  view  to— 

(a)  initiating  measures  of  prevention  and 
protection  and  ensuring  their  effective 
application; 

(b)  investigating  the  working  conditions 
and  other  circumstances  which  have 
caused  occupational  diseases; 

(c)  compiling  statistics  of  occupational 
diseases;   and 

(d)  allowing  the  initiation  or  development 
of  measures  designed  to  ensure  that 
victims  of  occupational  diseases  receive 
the  compensation  provided  for  such 
diseases. 

(3)  The  notification  should  be  made  to 
the  labour  inspectorate  or  other  authority 
concerned  with  the  protection  of  the  health 
of  workers  in  places  of  employment. 

(15)   National  laws  or  regulations  should — 

(a)  specify  the  persons  responsible  for 
notifying  cases  and  suspected  cases  of 
occupational  disease;   and 

(b)  prescribe  the  manner  in  which  cases 
of  occupational  disease  should  be 
notified  and  the  particulars  to  be 
notified    and,    in   particular,    specify — 

(i)  in  which  cases  immediate  noti- 
fication is  required  and  in  which 
cases  notification  at  specified 
intervals  is  sufficient; 
(ii)  in  respect  of  cases  in  which 
immediate  notification  is 
required,  the  time  limit  after  the 
detection  of  a  case  or  suspected 
case  of  occupational  disease 
within  which  notification  is 
required ; 
(iii)  in  respect  of  cases  in  which 
notification  at  specified  intervals 
is  _  sufficient,  the  intervals  at 
which  notification   is  required. 

16.  Notification  should  provide  the 
authority  concerned  with  the  protection  of 
the  health  of  workers   in  places   of  employ- 


ment with  such  information  as  may  be 
relevant  and  necessary  for  the  effective 
performance  of  its  duties,  including,  in 
particular,  the  following  details:  — 

(a)  age  and  sex  of  the  person  concerned; 

(b)  the  occupation  and  the  trade  or 
industry  in  which  the  person  is  or  was 
last  employed; 

(c)  the  name  and  address  of  the  place  or 
last  place  of  employment  of  the  person 
concerned; 

(d)  the  nature  of  the  disease  or  poisoning; 

(e)  the  harmful  agent  and  process  to 
which  the  disease  or  poisoning  is 
attributed; 

(f)  the  name  and  address  of  the  under- 
taking in  which  the  worker  presumes 
that  he  was  exposed  to  the  risk  to 
which  the  disease  or  poisoning  is 
attributed;  and 
(g)  so  far  as  is  known  or  can  readily  be 
ascertained  by  the  person  making  the 
notification,  the  date  of  the  beginning 
and,  where  appropriate,  the  cessation 
of  exposure  to  the  risk  in  each  of  the 
occupations,  trades  or  industries  in 
which  the  worker  concerned  is  or  has 
been  exposed  to  the  risk. 

17.  The  competent  authority  should,  after 
consultation  with  the  workers'  and  employers' 
organizations  concerned,  draw  up  a  list  of 
notifiable  occupational  diseases  or  classes  of 
cases,  together  with  a  symptomatology,  and 
make  from  time  to  time  such  additions  or 
amendments  to  the  list  of  symptomatology  as 
circumstances  may  require  or  as  may  be 
found  to  be  desirable. 

IV.  First  Aid 

18.  (1)  Facilities  for  first  aid  and  emer- 
gency treatment  in  case  of  accident,  occupa- 
tional disease,  poisoning  or  indisposition 
should  be  provided  in  places  of  employment. 

(2)  National  laws  or  regulations  should 
determine  the  manner  in  which  the  above 
paragraph  shall  be  applied. 

V.  General  Provision 

19.  Where  the  term  "national"  is  used  in 
this  Recommendation  in  reference  to  laws, 
regulations,  or  authorities,  it  shall  be  under- 
stood, in  the  case  of  a  Federal  State,  to 
refer,  as  appropriate,  to  the  Federal,  State, 
provincial,  cantonal  or  other  competent 
governmental  unit. 


122nd  Session  of  ILO  Governing  Body 

Report  that  rights  of  trade    unions   being   violated   in   Czechoslovakia 
is  adopted.  Statement  of  ILO  views  on  full  employment  is  approved 


A  report  that  the  rights  of  trade  unions 
were  being  violated  in  Czechoslovakia  was 
adopted  at  the  122nd  session  of  the 
Governing  Body  of  the  International 
Labour  Organization  which  opened  in 
Geneva  May  26  but  recessed  for  the 
sessions  of  the  ILO  general  conference 
(see  above). 

The  Governing  Body  went  on  record  as 
noting  that  "the  trade  union  organization 


established  by  the  legislation  at  present  in 
force  in  Czechoslovakia  is  contrary  to  the 
principle  of  freedom  of  association  con- 
tained in  the  Declaration  of  Philadelphia" 
now  forming  part  of  the  ILO's  constitution. 

The  Governing  Body  approved  this 
statement  in  adopting  a  report  of  its 
Committee  on  Freedom  of  Association. 

The  report  dealt  with  complaints  against 
the    Czechoslovak    Government    submitted 


1151 


to  the  ILO  by  the  International  Confed- 
eration of  Free  Trade  Unions  and  by  the 
worker  members  of  the  ILO's  Governing 
Body.  The  complaints  alleged  that  various 
measures  taken  by  the  Czechoslovak 
Government  constituted  a  violation  of 
trade  union  rights. 

A  request  by  the  Governing  Body  to 
the  Government  of  Czechoslovakia,  made 
March  9,  that  consent  be  given  for  referral 
of  the  case  to  the  ILO's  Fact-Finding  and 
Conciliation  Commission  was  not  answered. 
However,  the  Czechoslovak  Government 
declared  that  the  commission  was  incom- 
petent and  unqualified  to  act  indepen- 
dently on  allegations  regarding  infringe- 
ments of  trade  union  rights. 

The  Committee  on  Freedom  of  Asso- 
ciation considered  this  statement  and 
recalled  in  its  report  that  the  fact-finding 
commission  had  been  approved  by  the 
ILO's  general  conference  in  1950.  The 
report  said  that  in  these  circumstances  the 
committee  maintained  the  conclusions  set 
forth  in  its  report. 

The  committee's  conclusions  were 
approved  by  31  of  the  Governing  Body's 
32  members.  One  government  member 
abstained  from  voting. 

A  statement  of  ILO  views  on  full 
employment  policy  was  approved  by  the 
Governing  Body.  This  statement,  to  be 
presented  to  the  Economic  and  Social 
Council  of  the  ILO,  included  the  following 
points: — 

That  governments  and  employers  make 
a  determined  effort  to  improve  methods 
of  forecasting  changes  in  economic  activity 
and  employment  in  order  to  be  better 
prepared  to   anticipate  new  situations. 

That  governments  keep  in  readiness  well- 
formulated  and  varied  plans  for  sustaining 
high  levels  of  employment  and  that  these 
plans  should  be  designed  so  that  appro- 
priate policies  can  be  brought  into  action 
quickly  if  unemployment  suddenly  becomes 
severe. 

That  it  is  desirable  that  there  be  an 
increased  flow  of  capital  from  economically- 
developed  countries  to  under-developed 
countries. 

That  attention  be  drawn  to  certain  ILO 
Conventions  and  Recommendations  pro- 
posing action  designed  to  overcome  fric- 
tional  unemployment. 

A  proposed  Program  of  Concerted 
Practical  Action  in  the  Social  Field, 
drawn  up  by  the  secretary-general   of  the 


United  Nations  in  consultation  with 
several  of  the  specialized  agencies,  was 
examined  by  the  Governing  Body. 

The  members  agreed  to  stress  a  state- 
ment made  in  the  program  that  "govern- 
ments are  sometimes  tempted  to  put  too 
high  a  proportion  of  the  available  resources, 
national  and  international,  into  projects  of 
economic  development,  and  that  invest- 
ment in  economic  development,  unaccom- 
panied by  requisite  complementary  social 
development,  will  not  produce  satisfactory 
results  and  may  frequently  produce  disaster 
for  the  human  beings  by  whom  in  the  last 
analysis  the  economic  development  has  to 
be  carried  out  and  for  whom  its  benefits 
are  intended." 

The  Governing  Body  also  gave  its 
support  to  a  suggestion  made  by  the 
ad  hoc  Committee  on  Forced  Labour 
(see  p.  1131). 

Dag  Hammarskjold,  recently-appointed 
Secretary-General  of  the  United  Nations, 
addressed  the  session  and  told  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Governing  Body  that  the  ILO 
had  made  a  great  contribution  to  the 
safeguarding  of  human  rights.  He  said  the 
common  aim  of  both  the  United  Nations 
and  the  ILO  was  "the  welfare  of  men  and 
peace  among  peoples". 

The  Secretar y-G e n e r a  1  noted  the 
"eminent  part"  being  played  by  the  ILO 
in  the  search  for  practical  methods  of 
increasing  productivity.  He  expressed  the 
hope  that  the  ILO  would  "continue  to  give 
efficacious  assistance  to  the  modern  world 
in  finding  a  solution  to  the  anxious  problem 
which  is  raised  by  ever-increasing  needs 
confronted  with  insufficient  or  insufficiently 
used  resources." 

Mr.  Hammarskjold  commended  the  ILO 
for  its  participation  in  the  work  of  tech- 
nical assistance  to  under-developed  regions. 
He  recalled  that  since  1936,  the  ILO  has 
been  acting  in  this  respect  by  means  of 
regional  conferences  and  technical  meetings, 
supplemented  by  technical  advisory  mis- 
sions and,  in  recent  years,  field  offices  for 
manpower  and  vocational  training. 

The  Governing  Body  unanimously  elected 
A.  M.  Malik  of  Pakistan  as  its  chairman 
for  a  one-year  term,  succeeding  Fernando 
Gaiicia-Oldini  of  Chile.  Mr.  Malik  is 
Minister  of  Labour,  Health  and  Works  in 
the  Pakistan  government,  and  has  been  his 
Government's  representative  on  the  ILO 
Governing  Body  since  1951. 


1152 


TEAMWORK 
in  INDUSTRY 


Functioning  as  an  integral  part  of  the 
training  program,  the  LMPC  at  Canadian 
Tube  and  Steel  Products  Limited  in 
Montreal  has  been  actively  engaged  in 
presenting  production  ideas  and  helping  to 
improve  relations  between  labour  and 
management.  Through  its  activities,  the 
LMPC  has  directly  helped  to  bring  about 
many  production  improvements  and  has 
also  provided  a  general  stimulus  for  other 
improvements  not  directly  originating  in 
committee  meetings. 

The  main  objectives  of  the  committee 
are  to  reduce  costs  and  to  improve  produc- 
tion and  quality. 

Co-operating   with    management    in    this 
LMPC  is  the  bargaining  agent,  Local  2243 
of  the  United  Steel  Workers  of  America. 
*        *        * 

"We  feel  that  the  committee  (LMPC) 
serves  a  very  useful  purpose  in  providing 
an  opportunity  for  a  free  expression  of 
opinion  and  exchange  of  ideas  between 
employer  and  employee.  We  believe  that 
we  are  extremely  fortunate  in  having  a 
group  which  is  capable  of  taking  respon- 
sibility with  mature  judgment  to  work 
toward  an  ever  improving  organization." 
This  statement,  by  F.  K.  Richan,  Manager 
of  Industrial  Relations  at  the  Canadian 
Radio  Manufacturing  Corporation  in  Lea- 
side,  Ont.,  summarizes  the  feelings  of 
management  about  labour-management 
production  committees  after  three  years' 
experience. 

Commenting  on  the  scope  and  work  of 
the  LMPC,  Mr.  Richan  has  noted:— 

"We  deal  quite  regularly  with  items 
concerning  safety,  the  cafeteria  and  snack 
bars,  rest  periods,  transportation  difficulties 
and  a  host  of  other  items  which  can  be  a 
source  of  irritation  to  many  employees 
if  problems  pertaining  thereto  are  left 
unanswered. 

"There  have  also  been  a  number  of 
suggestions  made  by  employees  which  have 
been  discussed  at  meetings  and  have  been 
adopted  with  a  reasonable  degree  of 
success.  For  instance,  our  entire  employee 
suggestion  plan  for  plant  and  office 
employees  was  developed  through  discus- 
sion on  the  subject  at  committee  meetings. 
A  display  of  company  merchandise  and  the 


handling  of  the  resultant  sales  to  employees 
is  another  item  which  developed  out  of 
committee  discussions.  Part  of  the  respon- 
sibility for  inaugurating  our  house  magazine 
can  be  credited  to  the  committee  and  quite 
often  the  committee  acts  as  a  trial  group 
on  policies  or  procedures  which  the  com- 
pany may  propose  for  all  employees  at 
large." 

The  success  of  this  LMPC  has  been 
achieved  because  of  the  continued  support 
of  the  union  representing  the  employees  as 
bargaining  agent.  Locals  1589  and  1590  of 
the  International  Brotherhood  of  Electrical 
Workers  represent  the  employees.  D.  E. 
Pass  and  V.  H.  Jones,  Presidents  of  the 
locals,  commenting  on  their  experience  with 
labour-management  production  committees 
said: — 

"Labour-management  committees  are  one 
of  the  greatest  forward  strides  of  the 
century  in  industrial  and  human  relations. 

"This  is  more  than  adequately  proved  by 
the  fact  that  in  an  industry  which  has  a 
good  operating  LMPC  there  are  very  few 
serious  grievances  regarding  working  condi- 
tions. Grievances  are  often  a  cause  of 
lowered  production  and  an  alert  committee 
can  foresee  and  take  action  to  prevent 
them,  thus  promoting  the  harmonious  rela- 
tions between  management  and  employees 
which  are  so  important  to  increased 
production. 

"To  do  this,  the  employee  representative 
must  have  the  full  confidence  of  his  con- 
stituents. He  must  be  very  careful  to  see 
that  he  completely  understands  the  point 
of  view  being  presented  by  the  employee; 
a  mistake  at  this  point  can,  in  some 
circumstances,  bring  dissatisfying  results  to 
all  concerned. 

"Management  too  must  be  very  under- 
standing, for  many  excellent  employees 
experience  extreme  difficulty  in  expressing 
their  feelings  in  certain  situations;  as  a 
result  the  employees'  representative  often 
finds  it  awkward  to  explain  to  the  meeting 
the  exact  trouble;  yet,  unless  understood 
and  rectified,  the  trouble  will  remain. 

"LMPCs  are  doing  these  things  every 
day  and  provide  an  excellent  example  of 
co-operation." 


Establishment  of  Labour-Management 
Production  Committees  (LMPCs)  is 
encouraged  and  assisted  by  the  Labour- 
Management  Co-operation  Service,  In- 
dustrial Relations  Branch,  Department 
of  Labour.  In  addition  to  field  repre- 
sentatives located  in  key  industrial 
centres,  who  are  available  to  help  both 
managements  and  trade  unions  set  up 
LMPCs,  the  Service  provides  publicity 
aids  in  the  form  of  booklets,  films  and 
posters. 


1153 


Industrial  Relations 
and   Conciliation 


Certification  and  Other  Proceedings  before 

the  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 


The  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 
met  for  two  days  during  June.  The  Board 
issued  five  certificates  designating  bargain- 
ing agents  and  ordered  four  representation 
votes.  During  the  month,  the  Board 
allowed  the  withdrawal  of  two  applications 
for  certification  and  received  four  applica- 
tions for  certification. 

Applications  for  Certification  Granted 

1.  Association  of  Radio  and  Television 
Employees  of  Canada,  on  behalf  of  a  unit 
of  program,  administrative  and  clerical 
employees  of  the  Canadian  Broadcasting 
Corporation    (L.G.,  Feb.,  p.  239). 

2.  National  Association  of  Broadcast 
Engineers  and  Technicians,  on  behalf  of  a 
unit  of  radio  station  employees  of  CKOY 
Limited,  Ottawa    (L.G.,  June,  p.  872). 

3.  International  Brotherhood  of  Elec- 
trical Workers,  Local  1318,  on  behalf  of  a 
unit  of  employees  of  Radio  Station  CJCH 
(Chronicle  Co.  Ltd.),  Halifax  (L.G.,  July, 
p.  1020). 

4.  National  Association  of  Marine  Engi- 
neers of  Canada,  Inc.,  Great  Lakes  and 
Eastern  District,  on  behalf  of  second 
engineers  and  third  engineers  employed  by 
Gulf  and  Lake  Navigation  Company 
Limited,  Montreal,  on  the  SS.  Birchton  and 
SS.  Cedarton  (L.G,  July,  p.  1020). 

5.  National  Association  of  Marine  Engi- 
neers of  Canada,  Inc.,  Great  Lakes  and 
Eastern  District,  on  behalf  of  a  unit  of 
marine  engineers  below  the  rank  of  chief 
engineer  employed  by  Lake  Erie  Naviga- 
tion Co.,  Limited,  Walkerville,  Ont.,  on  the 
SS.  Alexander  Leslie.  (The  application  was 
received  earlier  in  the  month.) 

Representation  Votes  Ordered 

1.  International  Alliance  of  Theatrical 
Stage  Employees  and  Moving  Picture 
Machine  Operators  of  the  United  States 
and  Canada,  and  National  Association  of 
Broadcast  Engineers  and  Technicians, 
applicants,  and  Canadian  Broadcasting 
Corporation,  respondent  (L.G.,  April,  p.  574, 
and  May,  p.  697).  The  names  of  both 
applicant  organizations  will  appear  on  the 
ballot. 


2.  Brotherhood  of  Railway  and  Steam- 
ship Clerks,  Freight  Handlers,  Express  and 
Station  Employees,  applicant,  and  The 
Algoma  Central  and  Hudson  Bay  Railway 
Company,  respondent  (L.G.,  May,  p.  697). 

3.  LTnited  Packinghouse  Workers  of 
America,  applicant,  and  Purity  Flour  Mills 
Limited,  St.  Boniface,  Man.,  respondent, 
and  Purity  Flour  Mill  Workers'  Federal 
LTnion,  Local  No.  53  (TLC),  intervener 
(L.G.,  June,  p.  872).  The  names  of  the 
applicant  and  of  the  intervener  will  appear 
on  the  ballot. 

4.  Seafarers'  International  Union  of 
North  America,  Canadian  District,  appli- 
cant, and  Hall  Corporation  of  Canada, 
Montreal,  respondent  (L.G.,  July,  p.  1020). 
The  names  of  the  applicant  and  of  the 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America,  District 
50,  Region  75,  Local  13618,  will  appear  on 
the  ballot. 

Applications  for  Certification  Withdrawn 

1.  National  Association  of  Marine  Engi- 
neers of  Canada,  Inc.,  applicant,  and  Cana- 
dian Pacific  Steamships  Limited,  respondent 
(L.G.,  July,  p.  1020). 

2.  United  Mine  Workers  of  America, 
District  50,  Region  75,  Local  13735,  appli- 
cant, and  Hall  Corporation  of  Canada, 
Montreal,  respondent  (L.G.,  June,  p.  872). 

Applications  for  Certification  Received 

1.  National  Association  of  Marine  Engi- 
neers of  Canada,  Inc.,  on  behalf  of  a 
unit  of  marine  engineers  employed  by 
Lake  Erie  Navigation  Co.,  Limited, 
Walkerville,  Ont.  (Investigating  Officer: 
F.  J.   Ainsborough)    (See   above). 

2.  Federal  Union  Local  493  (TLC),  on 
behalf  of  a  unit  of  painters  employed  by 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company  (B.C. 
Coast  Steamship  Service)  (Investigating 
Officer:  D.  S.  Tysoe). 


This  section  covers  proceedings  under 
the  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act,  involving  the  admin- 
istrative services  of  the  Minister  of 
Labour,  the  Canada  Labour  Relations 
Board  and  the  Industrial  Relations 
Branch  of  the  Department. 


1154 


3.  International  Union  of  Operating 
Engineers,  Local  857,  on  behalf  of  a  unit 
of  maintenance  employees  of  Canadian 
National  Railways  employed  in  the 
Macdonald  Hotel,  Edmonton  (Investigat- 
ing Officer:  G.  R.  Currie). 


4.  West  Coast  Seamen's  Union  (Canada), 
on  behalf  of  a  unit  of  unlicensed  personnel 
employed  by  The  Packers  Steamship  Com- 
pany Limited,  Vancouver  (Investigating 
Officer:  G.  R.  Currie). 


Conciliation  and  Other  Proceedings 

before  the  Minister  of  Labour 


Conciliation  Officers  Appointed 

During  June  the  Minister  appointed 
conciliation  officers  to  deal  with  the 
following  disputes: — 

(1)  The  Quebec  Central  Transportation 
Company,  Sherbrooke,  Que.,  and  the  Cana- 
dian Brotherhood  of  Railway  Employees 
and  Other  Transport  Workers  (Concilia- 
tion Officer:  R.  Trepanier). 


■-(2)  Colonial  Steamships  Limited,  Port 
Colbourne,  Ont.,  and  Canadian  Merchant 
Service  Guild,  Inc.  (Conciliation  Officer: 
F.  J.  Ainsborough). 

(3)  McCabe  Grain  Company  Limited 
(Seed  Plant),  St.  Boniface,  Man.,  and 
Malt  and  Grain  Process  Workers,  Inter- 
national Union   of  United   Brewery,   Flour, 


Scope  and  Administration  of  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes  Investigation  Act 


Conciliation  services  under  the  Indus- 
trial Relations  and  Disputes  Investiga- 
tion Act  are  provided  by  the  Minister 
of  Labour  through  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Branch.  The  branch  also  acts  as 
the  administrative  arm  of  the  Canada 
Labour  Relations  Board  in  matters  under 
the  Act  involving  the  board. 

The  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act  came  into  force  on 
September  1,  1948.  It  revoked  the  War- 
time Labour  Relations  Regulations,  P.C. 
1003,  which  became  effective  in  March, 
1944,  and  repealed  the  Industrial  Dis- 
putes Investigation  Act,  which  had  been 
in  force  from  1907  until  superseded  by 
the  Wartime  Regulations  in  1944.  Deci- 
sions, orders  and  certifications  given 
under  the  Wartime  Regulations  by  the 
Minister  of  Labour  and  the  Wartime 
Labour  Relations  Board  are  continued  in 
force    and   effect   by    the   Act. 

The  Act  applies  to  industries  within 
federal  jurisdiction,  i.e.,  navigation,  ship- 
ping, interprovincial  railways,  canals, 
telegraphs,  interprovincial  and  interna- 
tional steamship  lines  and  ferries,  aero- 
dromes and  air  transportation,  radio 
broadcasting  stations  and  works  declared 
by  Parliament  to  be  for  the  general 
advantage  of  Canada  or  two  or  more  of 
its  provinces.  Additionally,  the  Act 
provides  that  provincial  authorities,  if 
they  so  desire,  may  enact  similar  legis- 
lation for  application  to  industries 
within  provincial  jurisdiction  and  make 
mutually  satisfactory  arrangements  with 
the  federal  Government  for  the  admin- 
istration of  such  legislation. 

The  Minister  of  Labour  is  charged  with 
the  administration  of  the  Act  and  is 
directly  responsible  for  the  appointment 
of  conciliation  officers,  conciliation  boards, 
and  Industrial  Inquiry  Commissions  con- 
cerning complaints  that  the  Act  has  been 
violated  or  that  a  party  has  failed  to 
bargain  collectively,  and  for  applications 
for  consent  to  prosecute. 

The  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board  is 
established  under  the  Act  as  successor  to 


the  Wartime  Labour  Relations  Board  to 
administer  provisions  concerning  the  cer- 
tification of  bargaining  agents,  the  writ- 
ing of  provisions— for  incorporation  into 
collective  agreements — fixing  a  procedure 
for  the  final  settlement  of  disputes  con- 
cerning the  meaning  or  violation  of  such 
agreements  and  the  investigation  of  com- 
plaints referred  to  it  by  the  minister  that 
a  party  has  failed  to  bargain  collectively 
and  to  make  every  reasonable  effort  to 
conclude  a  collective  agreement. 

Copies  of  the  Industrial  Relations  and 
Disputes  Investigation  Act,  the  Regula- 
tions made  under  the  Act,  and  the  Rules 
of  Procedure  of  the  Canada  Labour 
Relations  Board  are  available  upon 
request  to  the  Department  of  Labour, 
Ottawa. 

Proceedings  under  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions and  Disputes  Investigation  Act  are 
reported  below  under  two  headings: 
(1)  Certification  and  other  Proceedings 
before  the  Canada  Labour  Relations 
Board,  and  (2)  Conciliation  and  other 
Proceedings  before  the  Minister  of 
Labour. 

Industrial  Relations  Officers  of  the 
Department  of  Labour  are  stationed  at 
Vancouver,  Winnipeg,  Toronto,  Ottawa, 
Montreal,  Fredericton,  Halifax  and  St. 
John's,  Newfoundland.  The  territory  of 
two  officers  resident  in  Vancouver  com- 
prises British  Columbia,  Alberta  and  the 
Yukon  and  Northwest  Territories;  two 
officers  stationed  in  Winnipeg  cover  the 
provinces  of  Saskatchewan  and  Manitoba 
and  Northwestern  Ontario;  three  officers 
resident  in  Toronto  confine  their  activi- 
ties to  Ontario;  three  officers  in  Mont- 
real are  assigned  to  the  province  of 
Quebec,  and  a  total  of  three  officers 
resident  in  Fredericton,  Halifax  and  St. 
John's  represent  the  Department  in  the 
Maritime  Provinces  and  Newfoundland. 
The  headquarters  of  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Branch  and  the  Director  of 
Industrial  Relations  and  staff  are  situated 
in  Ottawa. 


76944—5 


1155 


Cereal,  Soft  Drink  and  Distillery  Workers 
of  America  (Conciliation  Officer:  R.  H. 
Hooper). 

(4)  Nova  Scotian  Hotel,  Halifax,  N.S., 
Canadian  National  Railways,  and  Local 
662,  Hotel  and  Restaurant  Employees'  and 
Bartenders'  International  Union  (Concilia- 
tion Officer:  H.  R.  Pettigrove). 

(5)  Canadian  Overseas  Telecommunica- 
tions Corporation  (Clerical  Employees) 
and  Overseas  Communication  Union,  Local 
272  (Conciliation  Officer:  R.  Trepanier). 

(6)  Purity  Flour  Mills  Limited,  Calgary, 
Alta.,  and  Brotherhood  of  Railway  and 
Steamship  Clerks,  Freight  Handlers, 
Express  and  Station  Employees  (Concilia- 
tion Officer:  D.  S.  Tysoe). 

Settlements  Reported  by  Conciliation  Officers 

(1)  Railway  Express  Agency,  Inc.,  and 
Brotherhood  of  Railway  and  Steamship 
Clerks,  Freight  Handlers,  Express  and 
Station  Employees  (Conciliation  Officer: 
R.   Trepanier)    (L.G.,  July,  p.   1020). 

(2)  Canadian  Overseas  Telecommunica- 
tions Corporation  (Clerical  Employees) 
and  Overseas  Communication  Union,  Local 
272  (Conciliation  Officer:  R.  Trepanier) 
(See  above). 

(3)  Purity  Flour  Mills  Limited,  Calgary, 
Alta.,  and  Brotherhood  of  Railway  and 
Steamship  Clerks,  Freight  Handlers, 
Express  and  Station  Employees  (Concilia- 
tion Officer:   D.  S.  Tysoe)    (See  above). 

Conciliation  Boards  Appointed 

(1)  Quebec  Railway,  Light  and  Power 
Company  and  National  Catholic  Transport 


Brotherhood  of  Quebec,  Inc.  (L.G.,  July, 
p.  1021).  The  Board  had  not  been  fully 
constituted  at  the  end  of  the  month. 

(2)  Quebec  Railway,  Light  and  Power 
Company  and  Catholic  Syndicate  of 
Garage  Employees  of  the  Quebec  Railway, 
Light  and  Power  Company,  Inc.  (L.G., 
July,  p.  1021).  The  Board  had  not  been 
fully  constituted  at  the  end  of  the  month. 

Conciliation  Board  Reports  Received 

(1)  Canadian  National  Newfoundland 
Steamship  Service,  Canadian  National 
Railways  (unlicensed  personnel)  and  Cana- 
dian Brotherhood  of  Railway  Employees 
and  Other  Transport  Workers,  Division  285 
(L.G.,  May,  p.  699).  Text  of  the  Board's 
report  is  reproduced  below. 

(2)  Canadian  National  Newfoundland 
Steamship  Service,  Canadian  National 
Railways  (pursers  and  chief  stewards) 
and  Canadian  Brotherhood  of  Railway 
Employees  and  Other  Transport  Workers, 
Division  286  (L.G.,  May,  p.  699).  The 
text  of  the  Board's  report  is  reproduced 
below. 

(3)  Canadian  National  Newfoundland 
Steamship  Service,  Canadian  National 
Railways  and  Canadian  Merchant  Service 
Guild,  Inc.  (L.G.,  July,  p.  1022).  The  text 
of  the  Board's  report  is  reproduced  below. 

Settlement  following  Board  Procedure 

(1)  Canadian  Overseas  Telecommunica- 
tions Corporation  (operators),  Montreal, 
and  Overseas  Communication  Union, 
Local  272   (L.G.,  Jan,  p.  54). 


Report  of  Boards  in  Dispute  between 

Canadian  National  Newfoundland  Steamship  Service, 

Canadian  National  Railways 

and 

Canadian  Brotherhood  of  Railway  Employees  and  Other 

Transport  Workers,  Divisions  285  and  286 


DIVISION  285 

To    the    Minister   of   Labour: 

The  undersigned  were  appointed  by  you 
as  members  of  a  Board  of  Conciliation  to 
investigate  and  endeavour  to  conciliate  the 
matters  at  issue  between  the  parties;  and, 
under  letter  dated  May  19,  1953,  you 
extended  to  June  30,  1953  the  time  for 
filing  the  Report  of  the  Board  as  pro- 
vided by  the  Industrial  Relations  and 
Disputes  Investigation  Act. 


The  Board  held  several  hearings  with 
the  representatives  of  the  parties  at  which 
evidence  under  oath  was  taken  and  written 
briefs  and  oral  arguments  were  submitted 
by  both  sides  on  the  issues  remaining  in 
dispute  between  the  parties. 

The  Board  now  begs  to  submit  the 
following  unanimous  recommendations: — 

1.  Basic  Wages.  The  Board  recommends 
for  all  personnel  affected  a  wage  increase 
of  five  per  cent   (5%)    on  the  wage  scale 


1156 


applicable  under  the  Collective  Agreement 
between  the  parties  which  expired  on 
December  31,  1952. 

2.  Overtime  Rates  and  Minimum  Over- 
time Payments.  The  Board  does  not 
recommend  any  change  in  the  existing 
provisions  of  the  agreement  except  that 
a  5  per  cent  increase  be  allowed  on  existing 
overtime  rates. 

3.  Sick  Benefits.  The  Board  does  not 
recommend  any  change  in  the  existing 
provision  with  respect  to  Sick  Benefit  pay- 
ments to  employees. 

4.  Retroactivity.  The  Board  recommends 
that  the  above-mentioned  increase  of  wages 
be  paid  retroactively  as  from  January  1, 
1953. 

The  members  of  the  Board  were  not 
satisfied  that  the  Union  had  established 
its  case  for  an  increase  in  wages  as  such. 
However,  all  members  of  the  Board  were 
in  agreement  that  the  Unlicensed  Personnel 
were  entitled  to  some  consideration  by 
reason  of  the  hours  worked  and  the  number 
of  days  on  which,  due  to  the  nature  of  the 
service,  they  are  continuously  attached  to 
the  ship.  As  it  is  not  feasible — because  of 
difficulties  in  application  arising  out  of  the 
special  requirements  of  the  steamship 
operations — to  recommend  additional  days 
of  leave,  the  Board  has  awarded  a  wage 
increase  in  lieu  of  a  shorter  working  week 
and  additional  time  away  from  service  on 
the  ship. 

The  Board  realizes  that  one  or  the  other 
of  the  parties  or  possibly  both  may  not 
find  the  recommendations  of  the  Board 
satisfactory.  Nevertheless,  it  expresses  the 
hope  that  both  may  be  prepared  to  accept 


On  June  29,  1953,  the  Minister  of 
Labour  received  unanimous  reports  of 
the  Boards  of  Conciliation  and 
Investigation  appointed  to  deal  with 
matters  in  dispute  between  Divisions 
285  and  286,  Canadian  Brotherhood 
of  Railway  Employees  and  Other 
Transport  Workers,  and  Canadian 
National  Newfoundland  Steamship 
Service,  Canadian  National  Railways, 
affecting  unlicensed  personnel,  pursers 
and  chief  stewards. 

The  Boards  were  under  the  Chair- 
manship of  Edmund  J.  Phelan,  QC, 
St.  John's,  Newfoundland,  who  was 
appointed  by  the  Minister  on  the  joint 
recommendation  of  the  other  members 
of  the  Boards.  The  nominee  of  the 
company  on  both  Boards  was  Frank  J. 
Ryan  and  the  union  nominee  on  both 
Boards  was  James  Higgins,  QC;  both 
are   of  St.  John's,  Newfoundland. 

The  texts  of  the  Boards'  reports  are 
reproduced  herewith. 


this   award   as   an  honest   attempt   by   the 
members    of    the    Board    to    adjudge    and 
adjust  fairly  matters  on  which  the  parties 
themselves  hold  such  divergent  views. 
Dated  the  27th  day  of  June,  A.D.  1953. 
Respectfully  submitted, 

(Sgd.)  E.  J.  Phelan, 

Chairman. 
(Sgd.)  James  Higgins, 

Member. 
(Sgd.)  Frank  Ryan, 
Member. 


DIVISION  286 

To  the  Minister  of  Labour: 

The  undersigned  were  appointed  by  you 
as  members  of  a  Board  of  Conciliation  to 
investigate  and  endeavour  to  conciliate  the 
matters  at  issue  between  the  parties;  and, 
under  letter  dated  May  19,  1953,  you 
extended  to  June  30,  1953  the  time  for 
filing  the  report  of  the  Board  as  pro- 
vided by  the  Industrial  Relations  and 
Disputes  Investigation  Act. 

The  Board  held  several  hearings  with  the 
representatives  of  the  parties  at  which 
evidence  under  oath  was  taken  and  written 
briefs  and  oral  arguments  were  submitted 
by  both  sides  on  the  issues  remaining  in 
dispute  between  the  parties. 

The  Board  now  begs  to  submit  the 
following  unanimous  recommendations: — 

1.  Basic  Wages.  The  Board  recommends 
for  all  personnel  affected  a  wage   increase 


of  five  per  cent  (5%)  on  the  wage  scale 
applicable  under  the  Collective  Agreement 
between  the  parties  which  expired  on 
December  31,  1952. 

2.  Standby  Wages.  The  Board  recom- 
mends that,  while  the  vessel  is  laid  up  for 
overhaul  at  any  time,  all  Pursers  and  Chief 
Stewards  be  employed  in  their  usual 
capacities  and  at  the  usual  rates  of  pay 
for  their  respective  ranks  on  the  vessel  to 
which  they  are  attached  or  in  some  similar 
employment  with  the  Company.  This 
provision  is  to  apply  to  the  actual  period 
only  during  which  the  ship  is  undergoing 
customary  overhaul  and  is  not  to  be 
applicable  to  any  period  during  which  the 
vessel  is  out  of  service  for  any  reason  other 
than  customary  overhaul. 

3.  Sick  Benefits.  The  Board  does  not 
recommend  any  change  in  the  existing 
provision  with  respect  to  Sick  Benefit  pay- 
ments to  employees. 


76944— 5h 


1157 


4.  Retroactivity .  The  Board  recommends 
that  the  above-mentioned  increase  of  wages 
be  paid  retroactively  as  from  January  1, 
1953.  The  provision  for  Standby  Wages 
should  become  effective  as  from  the  date 
of  this  report. 

The  members  of  the  Board  were  not 
satisfied  that  the  Union  had  established  its 
case  for  an  increase  in  wages  as  such. 
However,  all  members  of  the  Board  were 
in  agreement  that  the  Pursers  and  Chief 
Stewards  were  entitled  to  some  considera- 
tion by  reason  of  the  hours  worked  and 
the  number  of  days  on  which,  due  to  the 
nature  of  the  service,  they  are  contin- 
uously attached  to  the  ship.  As  it  is  not 
feasible — because  of  difficulties  in  applica- 
tion arising  out  of  the  special  requirements 
of  the  steamship  operations — to  recommend 
additional    days    of   leave,    the    Board    has 


awarded  a  wage  increase  in  lieu  of  a  shorter 
working  week  and  additional  time  away 
from  service  on  the  ship. 

The  Board  realizes  that  one  or  the  other 
of  the  parties  or  possibly  both  may  not 
find  the  recommendations  of  the  Board 
satisfactory.  Nevertheless,  it  expresses  the 
hope  that  both  may  be  prepared  to  accept 
this  award  as  an  honest  attempt  by  the 
members  of  the  Board  to  adjudge  and 
adjust  fairly  matters  on  which  the  parties 
themselves  hold  such  divergent  views. 
Dated  the  27th  day  of  June,  A.D.  1953. 
(Respectfully  submitted, 

(Sgd.)  E.  J.  Phelan, 

Chairman. 
(Sgd.)  James  Higgins, 

Member. 
(Sgd.)  Frank  Ryan, 
Member. 


Report  of  Board  in  Dispute  between 

Canadian  National  Newfoundland  Steamship  Service, 

Canadian  National  Railways 

and 

Canadian  Merchant  Service  Guild  Inc. 


To  the  Minister  of  Labour: 

The  undersigned  were  appointed  by  you 
as  members  of  a  Board  of  Conciliation  to 
investigate  and  endeavour  to  conciliate  the 
matters  at  issue  between  the  parties;  and, 
under  letter  dated  May  27,  1953,  you 
extended  to  June  30,  1953  the  time  for 
filing  the  report  of  the  Board  as  provided 
by  the  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act. 

The  Board  held  several  hearings  with  the 
representatives  of  the  parties  at  which 
evidence  under  oath  was  taken  and  written 
briefs  and  oral  arguments  were  submitted 
by  both  sides  on  the  issues  remaining  in 
dispute  between  the  parties. 

The  Board  now  begs  to  submit  the 
following   unanimous   recommendations: — 

1.  Basic  Wages.  The  Board  recommends 
for  all  personnel  affected  a  wage  increase 
of  five  per  cent  (5%)  on  the  wage  scale 
applicable  under  the  Collective  Agreement 
between  the  parties  which  expired  on 
December  31,  1952. 

2.  Standby  Wages.  The  Board  recom- 
mends that,  while  the  vessel  is  laid  up  for 
overhaul  at  any  time,  all  Deck  Officers  be 
employed  in  their  usual  capacities  and  at 
the  usual  rates  of  pay  for  their  respective 
ranks    on    the    vessel    to    which    they    are 


On  June  29,  1953,  the  Minister  of 
Labour  received  the  unanimous  report 
of  the  Board  of  Conciliation  and 
Investigation  appointed  to  deal  with 
matters  in  dispute  between  Canadian 
Merchant  Service  Guild  Inc.,  and  Cana- 
dian National  Newfoundland  Steamship 
Service,  Canadian  National  Railways, 
affecting  deck  officers. 

The  Board  was  under  the  Chair- 
manship of  Edmund  J.  Phelan,  QC, 
St.  John's,  Newfoundland,  who  was 
appointed  by  the  Minister  on  the  joint 
recommendation  of  the  other  two 
members  of  the  Board.  The  nominee 
of  the  company  was  Frank  J.  Ryan, 
the  union  nominee,  Mr.  W.  Frank 
Chafe;  both  are  of  St.  John's,  New- 
foundland. 

The  text  of  the  Board's  report  is 
reproduced  herewith. 


attached  or  in  some  similar  employment 
with  the  Company.  This  provision  is  to 
apply  to  the  actual  period  only  during 
which  the  ship  is  undergoing  customary 
overhaul  and  is  not  to  be  applicable  to  any 
period  during  which  the  vessel  is  out  of 
service  for  any  reason  other  than  customary 
overhaul. 


1158 


3.  Sick  Benefits.  The  Board  does  not 
recommend  any  change  in  the  existing 
provision  with  respect  to  Sick  Benefit 
payments  to  employees. 

4.  Retroactivity.  The  Board  recommends 
that  the  above-mentioned  increase  in  wages 
be  paid  retroactively  as  from  January  1, 
1953.  The  provision  for  Standby  Wages 
should  become  effective  as  from  the  date 
of  this  report. 

The  majority  of  the  members  of  the 
Board  (Mr.  Chafe,  the  Guild  nominee, 
dissenting)  were  not  satisfied  that  the 
Guild  had  established  its  case  for  an 
increase  in  wages  as  such.  However,  all 
members  of  the  Board  were  in  agreement 
that  the  Deck  Officers  were  entitled  to 
some  consideration  by  reason  of  the  hours 
worked  and  the  number  of  days  on  which, 
due  to  the  nature  of  the  service,  they  are 
continuously  attached  to  the  ship.  As  it 
is  not  feasible — because  of  difficulties  in 
application     arising     out     of     the     special 


requirements  of  the  steamship  operations — 
to  recommend  additional  days  of  leave,  the 
Board  has  awarded  a  wage  increase  in  lieu 
of  a  shorter  working  week  and  additional 
time  away  from  service  on  the  ship. 

The  Board  realizes  that  one  or  the  other 
of  the  parties  or  possibly  both  may  not 
find  the  recommendations  of  the  Board 
satisfactory.  Nevertheless,  it  expresses  the 
hope  that  both  may  be  prepared  to  accept 
this  award  as  an  honest  attempt  by  the 
members  of  the  Board  to  adjudge  and 
adjust  fairly  matters  on  which  the  parties 
themselves  hold  such  divergent   views. 

Dated  the  26th  day  of  June,  A.D.  1953. 
Respectfully  submitted, 

(Sgd.)  E.  J.  Phelan, 
Chairman. 

(Sgd.)  Frank  Chafe, 
Member. 

(Sgd.)  Frank  Ryan, 
Member. 


17th  Annual  Report  of  U.S.  National  Labor  Relations  Board 


The  United  States  National  Labor 
Relations  Board,  during  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1952,  conducted  the  largest 
number  of  representation  elections  in  its 
17-year  history,  the  Board's  annual  report 
discloses. 

The  Board  conducted  6,866  elections  to 
determine  whether  or  not  778,724  employees 
wished  to  be  represented  by  unions  in 
bargaining  with  their  employers. 

This  was  an  increase  of  five  per  cent 
over  the  prior  record  of  6,525  elections 
established  in  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1951. 

Of  these  elections,  5,158,  or  75  per  cent, 
were  conducted  by  agreement  of  the 
employers  and  the  unions  involved.  This 
also  was  an  all-time  record  number.  The 
prior  record  was  4,973  in  fiscal  1951.  The 
Board  ordered  the  remaining  1,708  to  be 
held. 

In  fiscal  1952,  collective  bargaining  agents 
were  selected  in  4,960  elections.     This  was 

72  per  cent  of  the  elections  held,  compared 
with  selection  of  bargaining  agents  in  74 
per  cent  of  the  elections  in  fiscal  1951,  and 

73  per  cent  in  1950. 

'In  the  1952  elections,  the  groups  choosing 
bargaining  agents  embraced  a  total  of 
587,363  employees.  This  was  75  per  cent 
of  those  eligible  to  vote. 

A  total  of  674,412  employees  cast  valid 
ballots  in  the  Board  elections.  This  was  87 
per  cent  of  those  who  were  eligible  to  vote. 


Unions  affiliated  with  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor  won  bargaining  rights 
in  3,089  of  the  4,711  elections  in  which  they 
took  part.  This  was  65-5  per  cent  of  all 
elections  in  which  they  participated.  In 
these  elections,  AFL  unions  won  the  right 
to  represent  243,674  employees. 

Unions  affiliated  with  the  Congress  of 
Industrial  Organizations  won  1,404  out  of 
2,502  elections  in  which  they  took  part. 
This  was  56  per  cent.  In  these  elections, 
CIO  unions  won  the  right  to  represent 
226,876  employees. 

Unaffiliated  unions  won  467  out  of  776 
elections.  This  was  60  per  cent.  In  these 
elections,  these  unions  won  the  right  to 
represent  116,813  employees. 

AFL  and  CIO  unions  during  fiscal  1952 
competed  with  each  other  for  representa- 
tion rights  in  722  elections  in  which  222,120 
employees  were  eligible  to  vote. 

AFL  unions  won  337  of  these  elections, 
giving  them  the  right  to  represent  94,215 
employees.  CIO  unions  won  298  elections, 
giving  them  the  right  to  represent  98,029 
employees.  A  majority  of  employees  voted 
against  union  representation  in  75  of  these 
elections,  embracing  23,344  employees. 
Unaffiliated  unions  won  12  of  these  elections 
(which  were  three  or  four  union  competi- 
tions) embracing  6,532  employees. 


1159 


Collective    Agreements 
Wage    Schedule* 


Recent  Collective  Agreements 


Mining 

Asbestos  Mining — Matheson,  Ont. — Cana- 
dian Johns-Manville  Ontario  Limited 
and  United  Steelworkers  of  America, 
Local  4379. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  January 
29,  1953,  to  January  29,  1954,  and  there- 
after from  year  to  year*  subject  to  two 
months'  notice. 

Check-off:  voluntary  but  irrevocable 
(previously  voluntary   and   revocable). 

Hours:  8  per  day,  6  days  a  week,  a  48- 
hour  week.  Overtime:  time  and  one-half 
for  work  in  excess  of  above  hours  and  for 
all  work  between  4  p.m.  Saturday  and  4  p.m. 
Sunday  and  on  six  (previously  five)  specified 
paid  holidays. 

Vacations  with  pay:  one  week  after  one, 
two  weeks  after  three,  and  3  weeks  after 
fifteen  years'  continuous  service  (previously 
one  week  after  one,  nine  days  after  three, 
and  two  weeks  after  five  years  of  con- 
tinuous service) . 

Medical  plan:  during  the  life  of  this 
agreement  the  two  parties  will  work  out 
and  put  into  effect  a  medical  plan  whereby 
dependents  of  the  employees  are  covered. 

Hourly  wage  rates  for  certain  classifica- 
tions: erection  and  repair  department — 
machinists  $1.31  to  $1.62,  electricians  $1.40 
to  $1.62,  carpenters  $1.40  and  $1.50,  black- 
smiths $1.42  and  $1.52,  diesel  mechanics 
$1.41  to  $1.64;  millwrights,  welders,  sheet- 
metal  workers  $1.33  to  $1.52;  roustabout 
crane  operator  $1.42,  trailer  truck  driver 
$1.49,  service  truck  driver  $1.26;  yard 
labour  $1.20.  Mine  department — drillers, 
primary  $1.40,  secondary  $1.39;  powder  man 
$1.30,  shovel  operator  $1.74,  shovel  grounds- 
man $1.42,  dumpman  $1.25,  blaster  $1.50, 
bulldozer  operators  $1.43  and  $1.56,  truck 
drivers  $1.28  and  $1.40;  churn  drill  oper- 
ator $1.45,  helper  $1.39.  Mill  department — 
crushermen  $1.27  and  $1.38;  crusher  house 
leader  $1.45,  floor  attendant,  bagger,  screen 
repairman  $1.26;  shipper,  sewer  $1.28;  dryer 
fireman  $1.31,  dumpman  $1.20,  fibre  grader 
$1.50;  pressure  packer  operator,  trailings 
disposal  attendant  $1.35.  (The  above  rates 
are,  with  a  few  exceptions,  from  6  to  8 
cents  per  hour  higher  than  the  previous 
rates.) 

Night  shift  differential:  the  company  will 
pay  a  premium  of  3  cents  per  hour  to  all 
full-time  workers  employed  on  the  evening 
and  night  shifts    (a  new  provision). 

Seniority:  in  promotions  (except  to  posi- 
tions outside  the  bargaining  unit),  transfers, 
the  filling  of  vacancies,  and  increases  and 
decreases  in  the  working  force  the  principle 
of  seniority  shall  govern,  provided  the 
qualifications  of  the  employees  concerned 
are  approximately  equal. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure. 


A  file  of  collective  agreements  is  main- 
tained in  the  Economics  and  Research 
Branch  of  the  Department  of  Labour. 
These  are  obtained  directly  from  the 
parties  involved  and  through  the  Indus- 
trial Relations  Branch  of  the  Depart- 
ment. A  number  of  those  recently 
received  are  summarized  here.  Agree- 
ments made  obligatory  under  the 
Collective  Agreement  Act  in  Quebec 
and  schedules  under  Industrial  Standards 
Acts,  etc.,  are  summarized  in  a  separate 
article  following  this. 


Manufacturing 

Metal  Products — Toronto,  Ont. — John  T. 
Hepburn  Limited  and  United  Steel- 
workers  of  America,  Local  8335. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  February 
2,  1953,  to  November  30,  1953,  and  there- 
after from  year  to  year,  subject  to  notice 
during  the  month  of  September  in  any  year. 

Check-off:  compulsory  for  all  eligible 
employees  with  the  exception  of  those  having 
five  or  more  years  of  service  with  the  com- 
pany. However,  during  the  months  of  May 
any  employee  may  notify  the  company  that 
he  wishes  to  be  exempted  from  the  check-off 
and  the  deductions  will  be  discontinued. 

Hours:  8£  per  day  Monday  through 
Friday,  a  422-hour  week  (previously  9  per 
day,  45  per  week).  Overtime:  time  and 
one-half  for  work  in  excess  of  above  daily 
hours  and  for  work  on  eight  specified  paid 
holidays. 

Vacations  with  pay:  after  one  year's  con- 
tinuous service  one  week,  after  five  years 
two  weeks  and  after  25  years  of  continuous 
service,  three  weeks.  Employees  with  less 
than  one  year  of  continuous  service  will 
receive  vacations  with  pay  according  to 
provincial  regulations. 

Hourly  wage  rates  for  certain  classifica- 
tions: general  machinists  $1.41  to  $1.79, 
machinist  improver  $1.39  to  $1.54;  milling, 
horizontal  boring  $1.34  to  $1.73;  engine 
lathe,  shaper  $1.34  to  $1.67;  planer,  vertical 
boring,  slotter  $1.39  to  $1.67;  layout  man 
$1.46  to  $1.67,  steel  saw  operator  $1.28  to 
$1.38,  jig  borer  $1.62  to  $1.85,  tool  maker 
$1.56  to  $1.90,  crane  operator  $1.31  to  $1.54, 
truck  drivers  $1.31  to  $1.43,  storekeepers 
$1.28  to  $1.61,  millwrights  $1.41  to  $1.73, 
electrician  $1.41  to  $1.61,  blacksmith  $1.48 
to  $1.76,  rivet  heater  $1.29  to  $1.41,  welder 
$1.31  to  $1.71;  unskilled  labour,  rough 
painter,  sweeper  $1.25  to  $1.34;  beginners 
and  youths  under  21  years  of  age — starting 
rate  $1.18,  after  90  days  $1.24,  after  180 
clays  $1.29,  after  210  days  to  be  considered 
for  re-classification.  (With  one  exception, 
the  above  rates  are  17  cents  per  hour  higher 
than  the  previous  rates.) 

Night  shift  differential:  a  night  shift 
differential  of  7  cents  per  hour  will  be  paid. 


1160 


Out-of-town  jobs:  on  away-from-plant 
projects  shop  men  will  be  paid  10  cents  per 
hour  in  excess  of  their  regular  shop  rates. 
In  addition,  on  jobs  outside  of  the  city- 
limits  they  will  be  paid  transportation  and 
travelling  time,  on  a  straight  time  basis, 
both  ways  between  the  city  limits  and  the 
job.  If  the  job  is  outside  the  Toronto 
district,  the  company  will  pay  transportation 
expenses  both  ways  (lower  berth  in  case  of 
night  travel),  provided  that  on  long-term 
contracts  employees  agree  to  stay  on  the  job 
continuously  for  at  least  three  months.  On 
projects  lasting  one  week  or  longer  the  com- 
pany will  pay  a  maximum  of  $16  per  week 
($2.29  per  day),  and  on  projects  lasting  less 
than  one  week  a  maximum  of  $3.50  per  day, 
toward  the  cost  of  board  and  room  or  living 
out,  on  condition  that  the  recipient  works 
the  total  regularly-assigned  hours  unless 
incapacitated  by  legitimate  causes.  Where 
employees  are  living  and  boarding  at  a 
campsite  provided  by  the  company  or  by 
arrangements  with  the  operator  of  such 
camp  the  prevailing  rate  for  living  out  and 
board  will  be  paid  by  the  company,  but  only 
up  to  a  maximum  of  $2.29  per  day. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure, 
seniority  rights  and  the  continuing  employ- 
ment  of   physically   handicapped   workers. 

Sheet  Metal  Tools — Hamilton,  Ont. — 
Brown  Boggs  Foundry  and  Machine 
Company  Limited  and  United  Elec- 
trical, Radio  and  Machine  Workers  of 
America,  Local  520. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  April  30, 
1953,  to  May  1,  1954,  and  for  a  further 
period  of  one  year,  subject  to  notice. 

Check-off:  voluntary  but  irrevocable. 

Hours:  85  per  day  Monday  through 
Friday,  except  that  for  night  shift  workers 
at  Victoria  plant  the  hours  will  be  9J  per 
day  Monday  through  Thursday,  4J  on 
Friday,  a  42^-hour  week  in  either  case;  for 
watchmen  and  engineers  eight  per  day  six 
days  per  week,  a  48-hour  week.  Employees 
on  rotating  shifts  will  receive  a  paid  lunch 
period  of  30  minutes.  Overtime:  time  and 
one-half  for  the  first  two  hours  after  the 
daily  number  of  assigned  hours  and  for  the 
first  six  hours  on  Saturday  (except  for 
watchmen  and  engineers),  double  time  there- 
after and  for  all  work  on  Sundays  or,  in 
the  case  of  watchmen  and  engineers,  the 
seventh  consecutive  day  of  work.  Time  and 
one-half  for  work  on  eight  specified  paid 
holidays. 

Rest  and  ivash-up  periods:  employees  will 
be  given  two  5-minute  wash-up  periods;  at 
the  Sherman  Avenue  plant  they  will  also  be 
granted  two  10-minute  rest  periods. 

Vacations  with  pay:  one  week  with  pay 
equal  to  2  per  cent  of  earnings  during  pre- 
ceding year  to  employees  with  less  than 
three  years'  service,  two  weeks  after  three 
years  and  three  weeks  after  15  (previously 
20)   years  of  service. 

Hourly  wage  rates  for  certain  classifica- 
tions, retroactive  to  February  11,  1953: 
blacksmiths  $1.38  to  $1.50,  boring  mill  oper- 
ators $1.47  to  $1.73;  chain  slinger,  crane 
operator  $1.43  to  $1.53;  chipper  $1.38  to 
$1.48,  coremakers  $1.57  to  $1.67,  draftsmen 
$1.43  to  $1.68,  radial  drill  operators  $1.57 
to  $1.77,  fitters  $1.45  to  $1.72,  grinders  $1.37 
to  $1.75;  heat  treater  $1.62  to  $1.72,  helper 


$1.33  to  $1.43;  labourers,  sand  mixer,  tool 
crib  attendant,  watchman  $1.37  to  $1.42; 
lathe  operators  $1.47  to  $1.77,  millwrights 
and  engineers  $1.38  to,  $1.57,  moulders  $1.57 
to  $1.81;  moulding  machine  operator  $1.57 
to  $1.67,  helper  $1.38  to  $1.47;  planer  oper- 
ators $1.53  to  $1.77,  stock  chaser  $1.56  to 
$1.62,  welders  $1.52  to  $1.77,  assistant  $1.42 
to  $1.52;  apprentices  $1.13  to  $1.41.  (The 
above  rates  are  5  cents  per  hour  higher  than 
the  previous  rates.)  Effective  July  1,  1953, 
the  wage  rates  of  all  eligible  employees  will 
be  increased  by  2  cents  per  hour. 

Night  shift  differential:  the  company  will 
pay  a  bonus  of  9  cents  per  hour  to  all 
employees  on  any  shift  starting  between 
2  p.m.  and  6  a.m.  Overtime  rates  for  night 
shift  employees  will  be  based  on  regular 
rates  and  will  not  include  night  shift  bonus. 

Welfare  plan:  the  company  agrees  to 
contribute  50  per  cent  towards  the  Group 
Insurance  Welfare  Plan;  the  remaining 
50  per  cent  will  be  contributed  by  the 
employees  in  the  form  of  weekly  payroll 
deductions.  A  non-contributory  pension 
plan  shall  become  effective  from  the  date 
of  approval  by  the  Department  of  National 
Revenue  and  remain  in  effect  for  a  period 
of  five  years. 

Provision  is  made  for  apprenticeship  plan, 
grievance  procedure,  seniority  rights  and  a 
union-company  safety  committee. 

Metal  Products — Montreal,  Que. — Canadian 
Tube  and  Steel  Products  Limited  and 
the  United  Steelworkers  of  America, 
Local  2423. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  November 
7,  1952,  to  May  7,  1954,  and  thereafter 
from  year   to  year,   subject   to  notice. 

Check-off:  voluntary  but  irrevocable. 

Hours:  eight  per  day  Monday  through 
Friday,  a  40-hour  week.  Overtime:  time 
and  one-half  for  work  in  excess  of  the 
standard  daily  work  hours  and  for  work 
between  7  a.m.  Saturday  and  7  a.m.  Monday, 
double  time  for  work  on  eight  specified 
paid  holidays. 

Vacations  with  pay:  one  week  after  one 
year,  one  week  and  one  day  after  two  years, 
two  weeks  after  three  years  and  three  weeks 
after  15  years  of  continuous  service. 
Employees  with  less  than  one  year's  service 
will  be  granted  one-half  day  for  each  full- 
calendar  month  of  continuous  employment. 
Vacations  will  be  granted  only  to  employees 
who  have  not  been  absent  more  than  14 
standard  working  days  during  the  period 
entitling   them   to    their   vacations. 

Job  classification:  the  parties  agree  "to 
enter  into  a  job  classification  program  using 
the  CWS  system"  as  provided  by  a  pro- 
cedural agreement  executed  at  the  same 
time  as  this  agreement. 

Wages:  the  wage  rates  settled  at  the 
signing  of  this  agreement  shall  remain  in 
effect  for  the  period  of  this  agreement  or 
any  renewal  thereof  unless  60  days  prior 
to  August  7,  1953,  either  party  gives  notice 
to  the  other  party  that  they  wish  to  open 
negotiations  for  discussion  of  the  basic  wage 
rates  only. 

Off -shift  differential:  employees  will  be 
paid  a  shift  premium  of  3  cents  per  hour 
for  work  on  the  second  shift  and  of  5  cents 
per   hour   for   work   on   the   third   shift. 

Provision  is  made  for  seniority  rights, 
grievance  procedure  and  the  safety  and 
health  of  employees. 


1161 


Aluminum  Products — Isle  Maligne,  Que. 
— Aluminum  Company  of  Canada 
Limited  (Isle  Maligne  Works)  and 
Le  Syndicat  National  des  Employes 
de  V Aluminium  de  St.  Joseph  d'Alma, 
Inc.  (National  Syndicate  of  Aluminum 
Employees  of  St.  Joseph  d'Alma,  Inc.) 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  January 
27,  1953,  to  January  27,  1954,  and  there- 
after from  year  to  year,  subect  to  notice. 

Check-off:  voluntary  and  revocable. 

Hours:  eight  per  day,  an  average  of  42 
hours  per  week.  Shift  workers  will  be 
allowed  up  to  20  minutes  per  shift  off  for 
meals.  Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for 
work  in  excess  of  the  scheduled  hours  per 
pay  period,  double  time  for  work  on  six 
specified  paid  holidays.  An  additional  two 
days  will  be  observed  as  statutory  holidays 
by  day  workers.  Owing  to  the  nature  of 
continuous  operations,  statutory  holidays 
cannot  be  allowed  shift  workers. 

Vacations  with  pay:  one  week  after  one 
year  and  two  weeks  after  three  years  of 
continuous  service,  provided  an  employee  has 
worked  at  least  1,650  hours  (exclusive  of 
overtime)  since  he  last  qualified  for  a  vaca- 
tion. The  company  retains  the  right  to 
Avithhold  the  total  or  any  proportion  of 
allowance  for  vacation  from  any  worker  who 
has  lost,  without  reasonable  excuse,  more 
than  48  hours  from  work  during  the  pre- 
ceding 12  months. 

Hourly  wage  rates  for  certain  classifica- 
tions: plant  maintenance — blacksmiths  $1.59 
to  $1.81,  burners  $1.50  to  $1.57,  carpenters 
$1.62  to  $1.74,  crawler  crane  operators  $1.62 
to  $1.70;  electricians  $1.60  to  $1.86,  assis- 
tants $1.45  to  $1.55;  helpers  (mechanical 
trades)  $1.45  to  $1.49,  millwrights  $1.59  to 
$1.83,  tractor  operators  $1.47  to  $1.61,  truck 
drivers  $1.44  to  $1.54,  labourers  $1.38  and 
$1.40;  potroom  operation — head  syphoner 
$1.43;  head  channel  changer,  crust  breaker 
operator  $1.39;  trimmer  $1.41;  syphoner, 
rod  raiser  $1.36;  channel  changer,  stud 
inserter  $1.33;  cranemen  $1.35  and  $1.37; 
stud  machinery  operator  $1.37  (potroom 
employees  will  be  paid  a  production  bonus 
in  addition  to  above  minimum  hourly  rates)  ; 
remelt,  shipping,  etc. — bundler  $1.38  to  $1.49, 
craneman  $1.39  to  $1.46,  ore  unloader  $1.38 
to  $1.47,  mix  distributor  $1.53,  pot  baker 
$1.46  to  $1.48,  potroom  service  men  $1.39 
to  $1.47,  pourer  $1.44  to  $1.55;  sand  blast 
operator  $1.38  to  $1.44,  assistant  $1.38.  (The 
above  rates  are  from  11  to  17  cents  per 
hour  higher  than  the  previous  basic  rates; 
however,  the  previous  agreement  provided 
for  a  cost-of-living  bonus  of  40  cents  per 
week  for  each  point  increase  in  the  DBS 
cost-of-living  index  above  182,  while  the 
present  agreement  does  not  provide  for  any 
cost-of-living  bonus.) 

Seniority:  skill,  competence  and  efficiency, 
as  determined  by  the  company,  shall  govern 
in  all  cases  of  promotions,  demotions, 
transfers,  suspensions,  lay-offs,  dismissals  and 
rehiring.  When  two  or  more  candidates 
satisfy  the  normal  requirements  of  the  job, 
the  employee  with  the  longest  continuous 
service  will  be  given  preference.  The  com- 
pany shall  also  take  into  account  the 
employee's  continuous  service  in  the  depart- 
ment concerned,  his  family  status  and  place 
of  regional  residence. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure. 


Construction 

Electricians — St.  John's     Nfld. — Electrical 

Employers  and      the      International 

Brotherhood  of     Electrical     Workers, 
Local  566. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  May  1, 
1953,  to  April  30,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year,  subject  to  two  months'  notice. 

Union  security:  union  shop.  No  member 
of  the  union  will  be  permitted  to  contract 
for  or  perform  electrical  work  for  a  con- 
tractor who  is  not  a  party  to  this  agree- 
ment. 

Hours:  eight  per  day  Monday  through 
Friday,  four  on  Saturday,  a  44-hour  week. 
Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work  after 
the  regular  working  day  until  midnight, 
double  time  thereafter  and  for  work  on 
Sundays  and  on  9J  specified  holidays,  5£  of 
which  are  paid  holidays.  (Previous  agree- 
ment provided  for  two  paid  holidays.) 

Hourly  wage  rates:  journeymen  $1.52,  if 
in  charge  of  work  where  three  or  more 
journeymen  are  employed  10  cents  per  hour 
above  journeyman's  rate;  apprentices,  1st 
year  30  per  cent,  2nd  year  40  per  cent, 
3rd  year  52  per  cent  and  4th  year  65  per 
cent  of  journeyman's  rate.  (Previous  rate 
for  journeyman  was  $1.40.) 

Out-of-town  jobs:  employees  on  out-of-town 
jobs  shall  have  all  board  and  transportation 
costs  paid  by  the  employer.  They  will  also 
be  paid  travelling  time  on  the  basis  of  a 
normal  working  day,  except  that  Sunday 
travel  will  be  paid  for  at  the  overtime  rate. 
If,  at  the  request  of  the  employer,  an 
employee's  car  is  used  when  employment  is 
outside  the  city  a  mileage  allowance  of  12 
cents  per  mile  each  way  will  be  paid  by 
the  employer. 

Apprentices:  the  ratio  of  apprentices  to 
journeymen  shall  be  one  apprentice  to  every 
2  journeymen  and  one  apprentice  for  the 
shop. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  settling  of 
differences. 

Carpenters — Fredericton,  N.B. — C  apit  at 
Builders  Exchange  and  United  Brother- 
hood of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of 
America,  Local  1893. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  May  I, 
1953,  to  April  30,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year,  subject  to  3  months'  notice. 

Union  security:  preference  of  employment 
will  be  given  to  local  union  carpenters  if 
available.  Union  carpenters  will  work  with 
non-union  carpenters  only  while  competent 
carpenters  are  not  available. 

Hours:  eight  per  day  Monday  through 
Friday,  four  on  Saturday,  a  44-hour  week 
(previously  eight  per  day  six  days  a  week, 
a  48-hour  week).  Overtime:  time  and  one- 
half  for  the  first  4  hours  in  excess  of 
above  hours,  double  time  thereafter  until 
a  break  of  8  hours  occurs  and  for  work  on 
Sundays  and  on  7  specified  and  all  other 
proclaimed  holidays.  In  case  of  emer- 
gencies (completion  of  concrete  pour,  etc.) 
a  total  of  4  hours  extra  may  be  worked 
during   any  week  without  overtime  penalty. 

Hourly  wage  rate:  no  carpenter  in  the 
Fredericton  District  shall  work  for  less 
than   $1.40    (previously   $1.30)    per   hour. 

Out-of-toivn  jobs:  carpenters  on  out-of- 
town  jobs  will  receive  transportation  to  and 


1162 


from  the  job;  in  case  of  night  travel  a 
sleeper  will  be  provided.  Meals  and 
travelling  time  up  to  8  hours  in  24  will 
be  paid  for.  However,  return  transporta- 
tion and  travelling  time  will  not  be  paid 
in  the  case  of  a  man  quitting  or  being 
discharged  for  cause  who  has  been  on  the 
job  less  than  30  working  days. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  settling  of 
differences. 

Carpenters — Guelph,  Out. — Certain  General 
Contractors  and  United  Brotherhood 
of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America, 
Local  2173. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  May  1, 
1953,  to  April  30,  1954,  and  thereafter 
subject  to  60  days'  notice. 

Union  security:  the  employers  agree  to 
employ  as  carpenters  members  of  the  union 
so  long  as  the  union  can  furnish  mechanics 
to  take  care  of  the  work.  All  new 
employees,  if  competent,  will  be  asked  by 
the  business  agent  to  join  the  union. 

Hours:  eight  per  day  Monday  through 
Friday,  a  40-hour  week.  Overtime:  time 
and  one-half  for  work  in  excess  of  the 
regular  daily  hours  and  for  work  on 
Saturday  between  8  a.m.  and  12  noon; 
double  time  for  all  other  work  on  Saturdays 
and  for  all  work  on  Sundays  and  on  seven 
specified  holidays.  No  work  shall  be  per- 
formed on  Labour  Day. 

Vacations  with  pay  will  be  granted  in 
accordance  with  the  provincial  law;  pay  will 
be  computed  on  the  basis  of  4  per  cent  of 
earnings. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rate  for  journey- 
men carpenters  shall  be  $1.60  (an  increase 
of  10  cents  over  the  previous  rate). 

Shift  work:  shifts  after  the  regular  work- 
ing day  will  be  paid  for  at  the  rate  of 
eight  hours'  pay  for  seven  hours'  work.  In 
split  shifts  all  hours  other  than  those 
worked  during  the  regular  day  will  be  paid 
for  at  the  overtime  rate. 

Out-of-town  work:  on  jobs  outside  the  city 
limits  but  within  a  radius  of  four  miles 
from  Guelph  the  employer  will  provide 
transportation  beyond  the  city  limits  and 
pay  for  travelling  time  one  way;  beyond 
the  4-mile  limit  he  will  provide  transporta- 
tion and  pay  for  travelling  time  both  ways. 

Apprentices  shall  be  governed  by  the 
Ontario  Apprenticeship  Act.  An  employer 
will  be  allowed  one  apprentice  to  every 
eight  journeymen. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure. 

Plumbers — Kingston,  Ont. — The  Master 
Plumbers'  Association  of  the  City  of 
Kingston  and  the  United  Association 
of  Journeymen  and  Apprentices  of  the 
Plumbing  and  Pipe  Fitting  Industry 
of  the  United  States  and  Canada, 
Local  221. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  May  1, 
1953,  to  May  1,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year,  subject  to  two  months'  notice. 

Hours:  eight  per  day  Monday  through 
Friday,  a  40-hour  week.  Overtime:  time 
and  one-half  for  work  after  the  regular 
working  hours  up  to  12  midnight,  double 
time  from  12  midnight  to  8  a.m.  and  for 
work  on  Saturdays,  Sundays  and  on  seven 
specified   holidays.     However,   if   to   finish   a 


regular  repair  job  on  a  regular  working  day 
will  not  take  longer  than  one  hour,  it  may 
be  done  at  straight  time.  Emergency  work 
may  be  performed  on  Saturday  morning  at 
the  rate  of  time  and  one-half. 

Vacations  with  pay:  commencing  July  1, 
1953,  employees  will  be  paid  a  vacation- 
with-pay  allowance  of  4  per  cent  of  their 
wages.  The  vacation  period  shall  be  mutu- 
ally agreed  upon  between  the  employer  and 
employee. 

Hourly  wage  rate:  journeymen  $1.80  (pre- 
viously $1.72). 

Out-of-town  jots:  men  working  outside  of 
Kingston  will  have  their  board  and  trans- 
portation paid,  the  board  allowance  to  be 
50  cents  per  hour  for  each  full  day  worked. 
For  travelling  between  8  a.m.  and  5  p.m. 
they  will  be  paid  travelling  time. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  settling  of 
grievances. 

Bricklayers — Vancouver,  B.C. — The  Gen- 
eral Contractors  Association  of  Van- 
couver, B.C.,  and  The  Bricklayers, 
Masons  and  Plasterers'  International 
Union  of  America,  Local  1. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  April  1, 
1953,  to  March  31,  1954,  or  until  a  further 
agreement  is  signed,  but  may  be  continued 
from  year  to  year  by  mutual  consent. 

Union  security:  only  competent  union 
journeymen  shall  be  hired;  if  such  are  not 
available  the  contractor  may  obtain  brick- 
layers and  stonemasons  elsewhere  but  the 
latter  must  join  the  union  within  30  days 
or  be  replaced  by  competent  union  trades- 
men when  available. 

Hours:  eight  per  day  Monday  through 
Friday,  a  40-hour  week.  Overtime:  double 
time  for  all  work  in  excess  of  the  regular 
working  periods  of  eight  hours.  Nine  speci- 
fied holidays  will  be  recognized;  no  work 
shall  be  performed  on  Labour  Day. 

Vacation  pay  will  be  provided  as  required 
by  provincial  law. 

Hourly  wage  rates,  effective  April  27, 
1953:  journeymen,  bricklayers  and  stone- 
masons $2.32;  foremen  will  be  paid  28  cents 
per  hour  over  the  journeyman's  rate.  Brick- 
layers working  under  dirty  or  disagreeable 
conditions  (heat,  fumes)  will  be  paid  one 
hour's  pay  extra  per  day  or  any  portion 
thereof.  When  required  to  work  on  indus- 
trial stacks  they  will  receive  one  hour's  pay 
extra  for  any  portion  of  the  first  four  hours 
and  also  one  hour's  pay  for  any  portion  of 
the  second  four  hours  each  day  they  work 
over  and  above  a  height  of  60  feet. 

Off -shift  differential:  time  and  one-seventh 
will  be  paid  for  work  on  the  second  and 
third  shifts. 

Out-of-toivn  jobs:  when  required  to  travel 
to  and  from  the  job  daily,  travelling  time 
and  free  transportation  will  be  provided 
both  ways  between  the  city  limits  and  the 
job;  when  bricklayers  are  requested  to 
furnish  their  own  private  transportation 
they  will  be  paid  at  the  rate  of  8  cents 
per  mile.  On  jobs  from  which  they  do  not 
return  home  daily,  bricklayers  will  receive 
travelling  expenses,  first  class  board  and 
room  and  travelling  time  up  to  eight  hours 
in  any  24-hour  period.  However,  in  order 
to  be  entitled  to  return  fare,  travelling 
time  and  expenses  they  must  remain  on  the 
job  at  least  30  days  or  until  the  job  is 
completed.  If  unable  to  work  due  to  con- 
ditions   directly    under    the    control    of    the 


1163 


employer,  bricklayers  and  masons  will  be 
guaranteed  a  minimum  of  40  hours  per 
week,  excluding  Saturdays  and  Sundays.  In 
case  of  illness  they  will  receive  necessary 
board  and  room  for  one  week  and  if  then 
still  unable  to  work  they  will  be  given 
their   return   fare   and  transportation. 

Apprentices  will  be  employed  in  accord- 
ance with  the  provisions  of  the  British 
Columbia  Apprenticeship  Act. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure 
and  accident  prevention. 

Labourers — Vancouver,  B.C. — The  General 
Contractors  Association  of  Vancouver, 
B.C.,  and  International  Hod  Carriers, 
Building  and  Common  Labourers' 
Union  of  America,  Local  602. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  April  1, 
1953,  to  March  31,  1954,  or  until  a  further 
agreement  is  signed,  but  may  be  continued 
from  year  to  year  by  mutual  consent. 

Union  security:  only  competent  union  men 
shall  be  hired;  if  they  are  not  available  the 
contractor  may  hire  other  labourers  but  the 
latter  must  join  the  union  within  30  days 
or  be  replaced  by  competent  union  men 
when  available. 

Hours:  eight  per  day  Monday  through 
Friday,  a  40-hour  week.  Overtime:  time  and 
one-half  for  the  first  two  hours  in  excess  of 
eight  hours  per  day  and  up  to  eight  hours 
on  Saturdays,  double  time  thereafter  until 
a  break  of  eight  hours  occurs  and  for  work 
on  Sundays  and  on  nine  specified  holidays. 
No  work  shall  be  performed  on  Labour  Day. 

Vacation  pay  will  be  provided  as  required 
by  provincial  law. 

Hourly  wage  rates,  effective  May  11,  1953: 
common  and  building  labourers  $1.55;  jack- 
hammermen,  breakermen,  drill  runners  and 
timbermen  $1.75;  powdermen  $1.90,  rock 
foremen  $2.  (The  above  rates  are  5  cents 
per  hour  higher  than  the  previous  rates.) 

Shift  work:  eight  hours'  pay  will  be 
granted  for  seven  hours'  work  on  night 
shifts,  when  required  and  continued  for 
three  or  more  consecutive  nights,  and  on 
shifts  starting  after  4  p.m.  on  jobs  in 
occupied  buildings  where  work  must  be  done 
after  regular  working  hours. 

Out-of-toivn  jobs:  all  workmen  on  out-of- 
town  jobs  shall  receive  transportation  to 
and  from  the  job;  in  the  case  of  night 
travel,  a  sleeper  will  be  provided.  Meals 
and  travelling  time,  up  to  8  hours  in  24, 
will  be  paid  for.  However,  in  the  case  of 
a  man  quitting  or  being  discharged  for  cause 
before  he  has  been  on  the  job  60  days  or 
before  the  completion  of  the  job,  return 
transportation  and  travelling  time  will  not 
be  paid.  On  jobs  beyond  the  city  limits 
but  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  agreement, 
transportation  to  and  from  the  city  limits 
shall  be  provided.  Men  shall  report  at  the 
city  limits  in  time  to  reach  the  job  by 
8  a.m.  In  all  cities  or  towns,  and  also 
where  there  is  a  union  agreement,  the  hours 
of  work  customarily  in  those  cities  or  towns 
or  as  specified  in  the  agreement  shall  be 
worked. 

On  out-of-town  jobs  from  which  they  can- 
not return  home  daily,  and  where  a  camp  is 
maintained,  board  and  lodging  will  be  pro- 
vided by  the  employer;  where  no  camp  is 
provided,  board  and  lodging  will  be  arranged 
for  by  the  employer. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure. 


Transportation,  Storage,  Communication 

Longshoremen — Vancouver,  B.C. — Shipping 
Federation  of  British  Columbia  and 
International  Longshoremen's  and 
Warehousemen's  Union,  Local  501 
(Deep  Sea  Vessels). 

The  two-year  agreement  which  became 
effective  September  16,  1951  (see  Labour 
Gazette,  February  1952,  p.  176),  has  been 
amended  as  follows:  — 

Wage  rates:  effective  October  1,  1952,  the 
base  rate  of  wages  for  discharging  and 
loading  deep  sea  vessels  were  increased  by 
5  cents  and  the  rate  for  hatch  tenders,  dock 
gang  leaders  and  side  runners  by  15  cents 
per  hour,  with  corresponding  increases  in 
the  overtime  and  other  rates.  The  basic 
straight  time  ship  and  dock  hourly  rates 
are  now  as  follows  (overtime  rates  in 
parentheses)  :  dock  gang  leader,  side  runner 
(loading  only),  hatch  tender  $2.25  ($3.28); 
double  winch  driver,  all  other  labour  $2.05 
($3.08). 

Longshoremen — Vancouver,  B.C. — Shipping 
Federation  ,of  British  Columbia  (Coast- 
wise Section)  and  International  Long- 
shoremen's Association,  Local  38-163. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  November 
16,  1952,  to  November  16,  1953,  and  there- 
after from  year  to  year,  subject  to  60  days' 
notice. 

Union  security:  preferred  employment  for 
coastwide  longshore  work  will  be  given,  when 
they  are  available,  to  men  who  have  been 
registered  by  the  Federation  for  such  work 
and  who  are  regularly  enrolled  members  of 
the  Association. 

Hours  and  overtime:  straight  time  is  all 
time  between  8  a.m.  and  5  p.m.,  Monday 
through  Friday,  and  between  8  a.m.  and 
1  p.m.  on  Saturdays.  All  other  time  is 
overtime.  When  men  have  worked  all  night 
and  are  ordered  to  continue  work  on  the 
same  job  after  8  a.m.,  they  will  be  paid 
the  overtime  rate  from  8  a.m.  until  released. 
The  recognized  meal  hour  shall  be  any  one 
hour  of  the  following  periods:  11  p.m.  to 
12  p.m.  or  12  p.m.  to  1  a.m.,  5  a.m.  to  6  a.m. 
or  6  a.m.  to  7  a.m.,  11  a.m.  to  12  noon  or 
12  noon  to  1  p.m.,  5  p.m.  to  6  p.m.  or  6  p.m. 
to  7  p.m.  Men  shall  not  be  worked  more 
than  five  consecutive  hours  from  the  last 
meal  hour  taken  without  eating,  except  when 
finishing  a  vessel  when  time  may  be  extended 
one  hour. 

Statutory  holidays:  10  specified  holidays 
will  be  recognized.  In  addition,  any  other 
holiday  proclaimed  by  Dominion  Statute  may 
be  mutually  agreed  upon. 

Vacation  pay  of  4  cents  per  hour  for  each 
hour  worked,  whether  straight  or  overtime, 
will  be  granted  to  all  employees. 

Hourly  wage  rates:  double  winch  driver, 
lift  truck  driver,  hatch  tender  (where 
employed)  $2.01  (overtime  $2.96)  :  all  other 
labour  $1.91  (overtime  $2.86).  (The  above 
basic  rates  are  5  cents  per  hour  higher  than 
the  previous  rates.)  If  required  to  work 
both  hours  of  the  2-hour  meal  period  double 
winch  drivers,  lift-truck  drivers  and  hatch 
tenders  will  be  paid  $2.96,  and  all  other 
labour  $2.86,  per  hour  for  the  last  hour  of 
the  2-hour  period  in  the  case  of  the  noon 
meal  hour  and  $4.39  and  $4.29,  respectively, 


1164 


in  the  case  of  any  other  meal  hour.  When 
men  are  required  to  work  for  more  than  5 
consecutive  hours  from  6  p.m.  in  order  to 
finish  a  ship,  they  shall  be  paid  at  the 
penalty  meal  hour  rate  after  the  fifth  hour. 
When  loading  or  discharging  certain  speci- 
fied commodities  (fish  meal,  green  hides, 
sulphur  in  bulk,  etc.)  employees  will  be 
paid  10  cents  per  hour  in  excess  of  the 
above   rates.     When   a   vessel   cannot    reach 


her  berth  without  first  discharging  or  shift- 
ing cargo,  all  men  shall  be  paid  at  the  rate 
of  $2.86  per  hour  while  working  and  $1.43 
per  hour  while  travelling  or  standing  by. 
Free  meals  will  be '  furnished  on  board 
vessel  when  the  men  are  not  permitted  to 
go  ashore. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  settling  of 
disputes  and  for  a  Safety  and  Welfare 
Committee. 


Collective  Agreement  Act,  Quebec 


Recent  proceedings  under  the  Collective 
Agreement  Act,  Quebec,*  include  the  exten- 
sion of  one  new  agreement,  the  repeal  of 
three  others,  and  the  amendment  of  ten. 
In  addition  to  those  summarized  below, 
they  include:  the  repeal  of  the  agreements 
for  grocers  and  butchers  at  Sherbrooke  and 
for  retail  stores  at  Granby  and  at  Farnham 
and  the  amendment  of  the  agreement  for 
barbers  and  hairdressers  at  Trois  Rivieres, 
published  in  the  Quebec  Official  Gazette 
May  30,  and  the  amendment  of  the  agree- 
ment for  garages  and  service  stations  at 
Quebec  gazetted  June  6. 

Requests  for  new  agreements  for  retail 
stores  at  Dolbeau,  for  the  sheet  metal 
industry  at  Montreal  and  requests  for  the 
amendment  of  the  agreements  for  the 
building  trades  at  Trois  Rivieres,  for  tavern 
employees  and  for  the  automobile  industry 
at  Quebec  were  gazetted  May  30.  Requests 
for  new  agreements  for  garages  and  service 
stations   at   Sherbrooke    and   for   structural 


*In  Quebec,  the  Collective  Agreement  Act 
provides  that  where  a  collective  agreement 
has  been  entered  into  by  an  organization  of 
employees  and  one  or  more  employers  or 
associations'  of  employers,  either  side  may 
apply  to  the  provincial  Minister  of  Labour 
to  have  the  terms  of  the  agreement  which 
concern  wages,  hours  of  labour,  apprentice- 
ship, and  certain  other  conditions  made 
binding  throughout  the  province  or  within 
a  certain  district  on  all  employers  and 
employees  in  the  trade  or  industry  covered 
by  the  agreement.  Notice  of  such  applica- 
tion is  published  and  30  days  are  allowed 
for  the  filing  of  objections,  after  which  an 
Order  in  Council  may  be  passed  granting 
the  application,  with  or  without  changes  as 
considered  advisable  "by  the  Minister.  The 
Order  in  Council  may  be  amended  or 
revoked  in  the  same  manner.  Each  agree- 
ment is  administered  and  enforced  by  a 
joint  committee  of  the  parties.  References 
to  the  summary  of  this  Act  and  to  amend- 
ments to  it  are  given  in  the  Labour  Gazette, 
January,  1949,  page  65.  Proceedings  under 
this  Act  and  earlier  legislation  have  been 
noted  in  the  Labour  Gazette  monthly  since 
June,  1934. 


steel  erectors  in  the  province  and  requests 
for  the  amendment  of  the  agreements  for 
the  bakery  industry  and  for  metal  trades  at 
Quebec  and  for  the  men's  and  boys'  cloth- 
ing and  the  dress  manufacturing  industries 
in  the  province  were  gazetted  June  6. 

Requests  for  the  amendment  of  the 
agreements  for  barbers  and  hairdressers  at 
St.  Jean  and  Iberville,  at  Trois  Rivieres,  at 
St.  Jerome  and  at  Joliette,  for  the  uncor- 
rugated  paper  box  industry  and  for  hard- 
ware and  paint  stores  at  Quebec,  for  the 
building  trades  at  Montreal,  for  gasoline 
and  service  stations  at  Chicoutimi  and  for 
tannery  employees  in  the  province  were  all 
gazetted  June  13. 

Orders  in  Council  were  also  published 
approving  the  by-laws  and  constitution  of 
certain  joint  committees  and  others  approv- 
ing the  levy  of  assessments  on  the  parties 
to  certain  agreements. 

Manufacturing 

Retail  Fur  Industry,   Montreal. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  May  29  and 
published  June  6  makes  binding  the  terms 
of  a  new  agreement  for  this  industry 
between  The  Retail  Merchants  Association 
of  Canada — -Quebec,  Inc.,  Fur  Section,  and 
"L'Union  nationale  du  Vetement,  Inc.,  Sec- 
tion de  la  Fourrure".  Agreement  to  be  in 
effect  from  June  6,  1953,  until  March  31, 
1954,  thereafter  from  year  to  year  subject 
to  notice. 

It  applies  to  all  parties  represented  by 
the  contracting  association  shown  above,  to 
private  firms  that  signed  the  agreement  and 
to  all  retail  fur  merchants  within  the  terri- 
torial jurisdiction  of  the  agreement.  It 
does  not  apply  to  the  fur  trimming  and 
dyeing  industry. 

Territorial  jurisdiction  comprises  the  Island 
of  Montreal  and  the  area  within  a  radius 
of  50  miles  from  its  limits. 

Hours:  40  per  week  distributed  between 
8  a.m.  and  6  p.m.  Monday  through  Friday, 
on  Saturday  till  1  p.m.  From  September 
till  December  inclusive,  four  hours  extra  per 
week  may  be  worked  at  regular  rates. 
Outside  the  Island  of  Montreal  44  hours  per 
week  may  be  worked  at  regular  rates;  from 
September  to  December  inclusive  48  hours 
per  week. 


1165 


Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work  in 
excess  of  regular  hours;  time  and  one-half 
in  addition  to  regular  rates  for  work  on  any 
of  eight  specified  paid  holidays. 

Minimum  weekly  wage  rates:  cutter  (class 
A)  $76.80,  (class  B)  $64.80;  male  operator 
(class  A)  $64,  (class  B)  $50;  male  finisher 
(class  A)  $56.80,  (class  B)  $47.20;  male 
blocker  (class  A)  $50,  (class  B)  $38.80; 
female  operator  (class  A)  $47.60,  (class  B) 
$38.80;  female  finisher  (class  A)  $47.60, 
(class  B)  $38.80;  female  coat  closer  $47.60; 
female  lining  cutters  $42.80;  female  lining 
sewers  $38;  lining  makers  $44.80.  (These 
rates  are  from  $2.40  to  $4.80  per  week 
higher  than  those  previously  in  effect.)  The 
above  minimum  rates  may  be  reduced  by  15 
per  cent  in  any  firm  located  outside  the 
Island  of  Montreal,  in  a  town  with  a  popula- 
tion under  25,000.  This  provision  does  not 
apply  to  any  branch  of  a  firm  located  within 
the  limits  of  the  Island  of  Montreal,  newly 
found  during  the  term  of  the  present  agree- 
ment. Minimum  rates  for  apprentices  are 
$2  per  week  higher  and  are  now  as  follows: 
male  and  female  apprentices  from  $19.20  in 
first  6  months  of  first  year  to  $29.20  in 
first  6  months  of  third  year;  apprentice 
cutters  from  $38  in  first  6  months  of  first 
year  to  $58  in  second  6  months  of  third 
year.  Wage  rates  for  skilled  workers  not 
adjusted  by  reason  of  their  being  higher 
than  the  minimum  rates  fixed  in  the  agree- 
ment will   be   increased  by  6i  per   cent. 

Vacation:  one  week  with  pay  after  one 
year  of  service;  two  weeks  after  two  years' 
continuous  service  with  the  same  employer. 
(Vacation  provisions  are  unchanged.) 

Other  provisions  stipulate  the  number  of 
class  A  employees  to  be  engaged  on  each 
operation;  prohibit  contracting,  subcon- 
tracting or  piece  work  inside  the  employer's 
shop;  prohibit  work  at  home  by  an  employee 
already  engaged  by  an  employer  subject  to 
the  terms  of  the  agreement  for  this  indus- 
try; indicate  the  ratio  of  apprentices  to  the 
number  of  skilled  workers  employed. 

Uncorrugated    Paper    Box    Industry,    Dis- 
trict of   Quebec. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  May  20  and 
published  May  30  amends ^  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
Oct.  1951,  p.  1376;  Feb.  1952,  p.  139,  July, 
p.  930). 

Hours:  45  per  week  of  5£  days  (a  reduc- 
tion of  three  hours  per  week). 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates  are  the  same 
as  those  rates  established  for  Zone  II  in 
an  amendment  to  the  agreement  for  this 
industry  covering  the  province  and  pre- 
viously summarized  (L.G.,  April  1953,  p. 
581).  However,  the  classification  general 
hand  (male)  92  cents  per  hour  is  added  to 
the  wage  scale. 

Vacation  ivith  pay:  one  week  with  pay 
after  one  year  of  continuous  service  with 
the  same  employer;  two  weeks  with  pay 
after  five  or  more  years'  continuous  service. 
(The  last  provision  is  new.) 

Printing  Trades 
Conditions  affecting  employees  engaged  in 
the  printing  trades  respecting  wages,  classifi- 
cations, etc.,  are  those  specified  in  the 
agreement,  as  amended,  relating  to  the 
printing  trades  in  the  district  of  Quebec 
(L.G.,  April  1951,  p.  544;  April  1952,  p.  451; 
March  1953,  p.  432,  June,  p.  885). 


Garages  and  Service  Stations,  Montreal. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  May  20  and 
published  May  30  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
April  1950,  p.  517,  May,  p.  694;  Sept.  1951, 
p.  1250).  Another  amendment  was  pub- 
lished in  the  Quebec  Official  Gazette 
September  1,  1951,  as  well  as  another  in 
the  issue  of  April  12,  1952.  The  name 
Canadian  Automotive  Wholesalers'  and 
Manufacturers'  Association,  Eastern  Divi- 
sion, Montreal,  replaces  the  name  The 
Canadian  Automotive  Wholesalers'  Associa- 
tion, Eastern  Division,  Montreal,  in  the  list 
of  contracting  parties.  Agreement  to  be  in 
effect  from  May  30,  1953,  until  February  18, 
1954,  thereafter  from  year  to  year  subject 
to  notice. 

Industrial  jurisdiction:  the  present  agree- 
ment applies  to  employers,  professional 
employers,  artisans  and  wage  earners  in 
garages,  gasoline  stations,  service  stations 
and  parking  grounds,  etc.  It  does  not 
apply  to  commercial  and  industrial  firms  nor 
to  public  bus  or  truck  transport  concerns 
who  limit  such  services  to  their  own  needs. 
Nor  does-  it  apply  to  firms  manufacturing 
motor  vehicles  or  engaged  in  assembling 
parts  on  new  vehicles. 

Territorial  jurisdiction:  the  Island  of 
Montreal. 

Hours:  day  and  night  journeymen  and 
apprentices  49  per  week;  garage  employees 
on  day  work  60  per  week,  on  night  work 
72  per  week;  service  men  in  gasoline  and 
service  stations  60  per  week  on  one  shift 
operations  and  on  the  day  shift  of  2-shift 
operations,  on  the  evening  shift  of  2-shift 
operations  work  begins  at  7  p.m.  and  ends 
at  2  a.m.  and  3-shift  operations  are  as 
follows:  7  a.m.  to  3  p.m.,  3  p.m.  to  11  p.m. 
and  11  p.m.  to  7  a.m.;  demolishers  60  per 
week;  watchmen  72  per  week. 

Overtime:  day  journeymen  and  appren- 
tices, time  and  one-half  for  work  in  excess 
of  regular  hours  and  on  Saturday  afternoon, 
double  time  between  11  p.m.  and  7  a.m. 
Monday  to  Saturday  morning  inclusively  and 
after  5  p.m.  on  Saturday;  night  journeymen 
and  apprentices,  time  and  one-half  for  work 
in  excess  of  regular  hours  and  after  7  a.m. 
Monday  to  Friday  inclusively,  double  time 
between  11  a.m.  and  7  p.m.  Monday  through 
Saturday;  garage  employees,  time  and  one- 
half  for  work  in  excess  of  regular  hours; 
service  men  on  one  shift  operations  and  on 
the  day  shift  of  2-shift  operations,  time  and 
one-half  for  work  in  excess  of  regular  hours, 
double  time  for  work  between  10  p.m.  and 
7  a.m.,  on  the  evening  shift  of  2-shift  oper- 
ations time  and  one-half  for  work  after 
2  a.m.  and  for  work  after  the  regular  finish- 
ing time  on  3-shift  operations.  Double  time 
is  paid  for  work  on  Sundays  or  the  alternate 
day  of  rest  and  six  specified  holidays,  four 
of  which  are  paid  holidays  to  all  employees 
except  garage  employees  and  watchmen. 

Minimum  hourly  icage  rates  in  garages 
and  machine  shops — day  work,  journeymen 
(first  class)  $1.20,  (second  class)  $1.05, 
(third  class)  85  cents;  apprentices  from  45 
cents  in  first  6  months  to  75  cents  in  third 
year;  garage  employees  (less  than  4  months 
of  experience)  50  cents,  others  60  cents; 
night  work,  the  above  rates  plus  5  cents  per 
hour  with  the  exception  of  garage  employees 
who  receive  10  cents  per  hour  in  addition 
to  the  above  rates;  gasoline  and  service 
stations — service   men    (one   shift)    60    cents,. 


1166 


(day  shift  of  2-shift  operations)  60  cents, 
(night  shift)  80  cents,  (day  shift  of  3-shift 
operations)  70  cents,  (evening  shift)  80 
cents,  (night  shift)  $1  per  hour;  demolishers 
(less  than  4  months  of  experience)  65  cents, 
others  75  cents;  watchmen  55  cents. 

Guaranteed  weekly  pay:  a  minimum  guar- 
antee of  44  hours'  pay  to  all  journeymen 
and  apprentices  who  are  on  the  premises 
and  at  the  disposal  of  their  employers  49 
hours  during  the  week;  absence  reduces  the 
guarantee  to  the  pro  rata  of  hours  of 
absence. 

Vacation:  six  working  days  with  pay 
annually  after  one  year's  service,  one  half- 
day  for  each  calendar  month  of  service  to 
those  employed  less  than  one  year;  two 
weeks  with  pay  after  five  or  more  years 
of  service. 

Other  provisions  of  this  amendment  in- 
clude definitions,  apprenticeship  regulations, 
uniforms,  compensation  for  treatment  follow- 
ing an  accident,  as  well  as  regulations 
governing  outside  work,  tools,  ratio  between 
journeymen  and  apprentices  and  other 
general  provisions  concerning  the  rates  of 
wages  and  hours  of  labour. 

Glass  Processing  Industry,   Quebec. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  May  20  and 
gazetted  May  30  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
Oct.  1950,  p.  1679;  June  1951,  p.  827;  July 
1952,  p.  931). 

Hours  are  unchanged  at  9  per  day,  45  per 
week.  However,  urgent  work  may  be  done 
on  Saturdays  but,  employees  may  be  com- 
pelled to  work  only  on  alternate  Saturdays. 

Minimum,  hourly  wage  rates  for  certain 
classifications  are  from  5  to  8  cents  per  hour 
higher  and  are  now  as  follows:  setters 
(classes  A,  B,  C)  $1.21,  $1.07  and  89  cents 
per  hour;  levellers  (A,  B,  C)  $1.18,  $1.04, 
89  cents;  silverers,  cutters  (A,  B,  C)  $1.15, 
$1.01,  86  cents;  scratch  polisher,  spinner, 
examiner,  buffer,  belt  worker,  froster,  sand 
polisher,  draughtsman  (classes  B  and  C)  96 
and  81  cents  per  hour;  shipper  (full  time) 
class  "B"  $1.06,  class  "C"  88  cents;  packer 
94  and  81  cents;  truck  driver  99  and  83 
cents;  maintenance  men  from  71  cents  in 
first  year  to  $1.10  after  3  years.  Minimum 
rates  for  all  classifications  during  first  year 
of  employment  are  unchanged  and  range 
from  61  to  71  cents  per  hour. 

Vacation:  one  week  with  pay  after  one 
year  of  continuous  employment  with  the 
same  employer;  two  weeks  with  pay  after 
five  years.  Employees  who  have  not  com- 
pleted one  year  of  service  as  of  July  1  in 
any  year  are  entitled  to  as  many  half  days 
of  vacation  as  they  have  months  of  service. 

Transportation  and  Public  Utilities 
Longshoremen         (Ocean        Navigation), 
Quebec. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  May  20  and 
published  May  30  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
Sept.  1949,  p.  1116;   Dec.  1951,  p.  1672). 

Hours:  eight  per  day,  from  8  a.m.  to 
12  noon  and  from  1  p.m.  to  5  p.m.  Provi- 
sion is  made  for  day  and  night  shifts. 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work 
between  5  p.m.  and  7  a.m.;  double  time 
between  7  a.m.  and  8  a.m.  on  Sundays  or 
any  of  four  specified  holidays.  Special 
rates  are  provided  for  work  during  meal 
hours. 


Minimum  hourly  wage  rate:  $1.61  (an 
increase  of   16  cents). 

Other  provisions  include  regulations  gov- 
erning notice  for  starting  times  and  the 
revision  of  certain  working  conditions. 

Checkers    (Ocean   Navigation),    Quebec. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  May  20  and 
published  May  30  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
Dec.  1951,  p.  1673). 

Hours  and  overtime  are  unchanged  as 
follows:  nine  per  day,  8  a.m.  to  12  noon 
and  1  p.m.  to  6  p.m.  Time  and  one-half 
between  5  p.m.  and  midnight  and  between 
1  a.m.  and  7  a.m.  However,  work  done 
between  7  a.m.  and  8  a.m.  will  be  paid  at 
double  time  instead  of  time  and  one-half 
as  previously. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rate:  $1.40  (an 
increase  of  20  cents  per  hour).  Checkers 
ordered  out  to  work  during  day  or  night 
hours  and  on  Sundays  and  holidays  will  be 
paid  a  minimum  of  two  hours.  They  will 
be  given  two  hours'  notice  for  day  calls, 
three  hours'  notice  for  10  a.m.  and  3  p.m. 
calls  as  well  as  for  night  and  Sunday  calls. 
A  premium  of  35  cents  per  hour  will  be 
paid  for  work  in  connection  with  certain 
hazardous  cargoes. 

Freight  Handlers  (Longshoremen) 
(Inland  and  Coastal  Navigation), 
Montreal. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  May  29  and 
published  June  6  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
Dec.  1950.  p.  2068;  June  1951,  p.  830;  July 
1952,  p.  931,  and  previous  issues) . 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates  are  increased 
from  $1.27  to  $1.43  for  work  done  between 
7  a.m.  and  7  p.m.  and  from  $1.37  to  $1.68 
per  hour  for  work  between  7  p.m.  and 
7  a.m.  Designated  freight  handlers  oper- 
ating piling  machines  or  tractors  will  be 
paid  10  cents  per  hour  in  addition  to 
above  rates. 

Construction 

Building   Trades,   Joliette. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  May  20  and 
published  May  30  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
Nov.  1950,  p.  1905;  June  1951,  p.  829;  Aug. 
1952,  p.  1084;  April  1953,  p.  596,  and 
previous  issues).  Agreement,  as  amended,  is 
extended  to  February  28,  1955,  and  there- 
after  from  year   to   year,   subject   to   notice. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates  for  all  classifi- 
cations in  Zones  I  and  II  are  10  cents  per 
hour  higher  than  those  previously  in  effect. 
New  minimum  rates  for  certain  classifica- 
tions are  now  as  follows:  sprinkler  fitter, 
bricklayer,  block  layer  and  jointer  pointer, 
plasterer  $1.50  per  hour  in  both  Zones; 
carpenter  and  joiner,  asbestos  coverer  (other 
than  pipe  insulation)  roofer  (slate  and  tile), 
roofer  (composition,  gravel,  etc.)  floor 
scraping,  etc.,  rigger  (hand  or  machine), 
millwright,  pipe  insulation  mechanic,  painter- 
gilder,  cork  setter  (insulation),  mastic  floor 
layer,  tile,  asphalt  and  terrazzo  layer, 
marble  layer,  pipe  welder  (acetylene  or 
electric)  $1.50  in  Zone  I,  $1.40  in  Zone  II; 
electrician  $1.55  in  Zone  I,  $1.50  in  Zone  II; 
tinsmith,  roofer  (sheet  metal  worker,  shop 
or  job),  plumber,  steamfitter,  pipe  mechanic, 


1167 


oil  burner  mechanic  $1.50  in  Zone  I,  $1.45 
in  Zone  II;  power  shovel  operator  $1.55  in 
Zone  I.  $1.45  in  Zone  II;  painter,  sprayman, 
decorator,  glazier,  etc.  $1.35  in  Zone  I,  $1.25 
in  Zone  II;  labourer  (common)  $1.10  in 
Zone  I,  $1.05  in  Zone  II;  roller  operator 
(steam  or  gasoline),  bulldozer  operator, 
grader  operator  $1.30  in  both  Zones;  tractor 
operator  $1.35  in  both  Zones. 


Building  Trades,   Quebec. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  May  29  and 
published  June  6  extends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
Sept.  1950,  p.  1679;  July  1951,  p.  877,  Aug., 
p.  1109,  Sept,,  p.  1251,  Nov.,  p.  1539,  Dec, 
p.  1672;  Oct.  1952,  p.  1362,  Nov.,  p.  1481; 
March  1953,  p.  433,  July,  p.  1032,  and  previous 
issues)   to  July  1,  1953. 


Industrial  Standards  Acts,  etc. 


Recent  proceedings  under  the  Industrial 
Standards  Act,  etc.*  include  five  new 
schedules,  all  summarized  below. 


NEW  BRUNSWICK 


*In  six  provinces — Nova  Scotia,  New 
Brunswick,  Ontario,  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan 
and  Alberta — legislation  provides  that,  follow- 
ing a  petition  from  representatives  of 
employers  and  employees  in  any  (or  speci- 
fied) industries,  the  provincial  Minister 
charged  with  the  administration  of  the  Act 
may  himself,  or  through  a  government 
official  delegated  by  him,  call  a  confer- 
ence of  representatives  of  employers  and 
employees.  This  conference  is  for  the  pur- 
pose of  investigating  and  considering  the 
conditions  of  labour  in  the  industry  and  of 
negotiating  minimum  rates  of  wages  and 
maximum  hours  of  work.  A  schedule  of 
wages  and  hours  of  labour  drawn  up  at  such 
a  conference,  if  the  Minister  considers  that 
it  has  been  agreed  to  by  a  proper  and 
sufficient  representation  of  employers  and 
employees,  may  on  his  recommendation  be 
made  binding  by  Order  in  Council  in  all 
zones  designated  by  the  Minister.  The 
Minister  may  also  establish  an  advisory 
committee  for  every  zone  to  which  a 
schedule  applies  to  assist  in  carrying  out 
the  provisions  of  the  Act  and  the  regula- 
tions. 

Summaries  of  these  Acts  and  amendments 
have  been  published  in  the  Labour  Gazette, 
as  follows:  Nova  Scotia — Industrial  Standards 
Act,  in  issues  of  July  1936,  p.  604,  Aug. 
1937,  p.  861,  July  1939,  p.  671,  Aug.  1946, 
p.   1102,   July   1948,   p.  749,   Oct.   1952,  p.   1364; 

New   Brunswick Industrial    Standards    Act 

in  issues  of  Oct.  1939,  p.  996,  Aug.  1941, 
p.  956,  Dec.  1944,  p.  1551,  Dec.  1948,  p.  1434; 
Ontario — Industrial  Standards  Act,  in  issues 
of  June   1935,   p.   534,  May   1936,   p.   410,   May 

1937,  p.  505,  May  1938,  p.  501,  June  1939,  p.  574, 
Aug.  1948,  p.  890,  Aug.  1949,  p.  999;  Manitoba 
—Fair  Wages  Act,  Part  II,  in  the  issues  of 
May  1938,  p.  499,  June  1939,  p.  570,  Feb.  1941, 
p.  137,  June  1942,  p.  696,  June  1946,  p.  826; 
Saskatchewan — Industrial  Standards  Act,  in 
the  issues  of  June  1937,  p.  635,  May  1938, 
p.  507,  June  1939,  p.  581,  June  1940,  p.  559, 
June  1948,  p.  627,  July  1950,  p.  1071;  Alberta 
—Alberta  Labour  Act  (The  original  Indus- 
trial Standards  Act  was  made  part  of  the 
Alberta  Labour  Act— see  L.G.,  June  1947, 
p.  837),  in  issues  of  June   1935,  p.   534,  June 

1938,  p.  501,  June  1937,  p.  640,  June  1938, 
p.  633,  June  1939,  p.  567,  Dec.  1950,  p.  2082. 


Construction 
Plumbers,   Moncton. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  June  4  and 
gazetted  June  17  makes  binding  the  terms 
of  a  new  schedule  for  the  plumbing  and 
pipefitting  trades  in  the  Zone  comprising  the 
area  within  a  radius  of  five  miles  from  the 
City  Hall  in  the  city  of  Moncton  and  in- 
cluding the  village  of  Dieppe,  to  be  in  effect 
from  July  1,  1953,  until  May  1,  1954. 

The  terms  of  this  schedule  are  similar  to 
those  which  were  previously  in  effect  and 
summarized  in  the  Laboub  Gazette,  January 
1953,  on  p.  99,  with  the  exception  of  the 
following: — 

Minimum  hourly  icage  rate  for  work  done 
during  regular  working  periods  is  increased 
from  $1.40  to  $1.50  per  hour;  for  work  done 
during  special  working  periods  from  $1.50 
to  $1.60  per  hour.  (Weekly  hours  remain 
at  44.) 

ONTARIO 

Construction 

Lathers,   Ottawa. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  April  30  and 
gazetted  May  14  makes  binding  the  terms 
of  a  new  schedule  for  lathers  at  Ottawa,  to 
be  in  effect  from  May  26,  1953,  during 
pleasure. 

Hours:  eight  per  day,  Monday  through 
Friday,  40  per  week.  Provisions  is  made 
for  shift  work. 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work  in 
excess  of  regular  hours  till  midnight  Monday 
through  Friday  and  on  Saturday  between 
8  a.m.  and  noon;  double  time  for  all  other 
overtime  including  Sundays  or  any  of  seven 
specified  holidays.  No  overtime  work  will 
be  done  without  a  permit  from  the  advisory 
committee.  No  permit  will  be  issued  for 
overtime  work  on  a  holiday  except  in  cases 
of  extreme  necessity. 

3Iinimum  hourly  wage  rate  is  increased 
from  $1.40  per  hour  (L.G.,  Oct.  1948)  to 
$1.85  per  hour  for  work  during  regular 
working  periods  and  for  night  work. 
Employees  are  entitled  to  eight  hours'  pay 
for  seven  hours'  work  on  night  shift. 
(Regular  weekly  hours,  40  per  week.) 

The  advisory  committee  may  fix  a  lower 
minimum  rate  for  handicapped  workers. 


1168 


Painters  and  Decorators,  Hamilton. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  May  7  and 
gazetted  May  23  makes  binding  the  terms 
of  a  new  schedule  for  painters  and  decorators 
at  Hamilton,  to  be  in  effect  from  June  2, 
1953,  during  pleasure. 

The  terms  of  this  schedule  are  similar 
to  those  previously  in  effect  and  summar- 
ized in  the  Labour  Gazette,  September 
1951,  p.  1254,  with  the  exception  of  the 
following: — 

Specified  holidays  are  increased  from 
seven  to  eight  by  the  addition  of  Hamilton 
Civic  Holiday. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates  are  15  cents 
per  hour  higher  and  are  now  as  follows: 
spray  painting  $1.75  per  hour;  paper- 
hanging  $1.70;  painting  and  all  other  work 
$1.65.  (Regular  weekly  hours  remain  at  40 
per  week.) 

Painters  and  Decorators,  Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  May  21  and 
gazetted  June  6  makes  binding  the  terms 
of  a  new  schedule  for  painters  and  decorators 
at  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  to  be  in  effect  from 
June    16,    1953,   during  pleasure. 

The  terms  of  this  schedule  are  similar  to 
those  previously  in  effect  and  summarized 
in  the  Labour  Gazette,  January  1952,  p.  57, 
with  the  exception  of  the  following: — 

Specified  holidays:  Saturday  after  midday 
is  not  included  in  the  list  of  specified 
holidays  as  previously. 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  during  the 
7-hour  period  immediately  following  a 
regular  working  day  and   during  the  4-hour 


period  immediately  following  eight  hours' 
work  in  any  24-hour  period  known  as  night 
work;  double  time  for  all  other  overtime 
including  Sundays  and  seven  specified 
holidays.  No  overtime  without  a  permit 
from  advisory  committee.  (Previously  this 
applied   to   Labour   Day  only.) 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates  for  a  44-hour 
week  are  increased  from  $1.35  to  $1.75  for 
spray  painting;  from  $1.25  to  $1.65  for  other 
work. 


ALBERTA 


Construction 


Painters   and   Decorators,   Calgary. 

An  Order  in  Council  approved  May  22 
and  gazetted  June  15  makes  obligatory  the 
terms  of  a  new  schedule  for  painters  and 
decorators  at  Calgary,  to  be  in  effect  from 
June   25,    1953,   until   June   24,    1954. 

Hours:  eight  per  day,  40  per  week.  Pro- 
vision is  made  for  night  shift  work. 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  all  work 
done  between  5  p.m.  and  8  p.m.  Monday 
through  Friday  and  between  8  a.m.  and 
5  p.m.  Saturday;  double  time  for  work  done 
during  other  hours  and  for  work  on  Sunday 
or   any  of  nine   specified  holidays. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rate:  journeymen 
$1.50  per  hour;  spray  painters  and  men 
working  on  swing  scaffolds  10  cents  per 
hour  extra.  Work  on  night  shift  will  be 
paid  for  at  the  rate  of  eight  hours'  pay  for 
seven  hours'  work. 

Apprenticeship  conditions  governed  by  the 
Alberta  Apprenticeship  Act. 


Reduction  of  Waste 
Important  LMPC  TasU 

One  of  the  most  important  activities  of 
the  LMPC  at  Canadian  Tube  and  Steel 
Products  in  Montreal  (see  p.  1153)  has 
been  helping  to  reduce  waste. 

A  questionnaire  on  the  problem  of  waste 
designed  to  provide  the  basis  for  an 
organized  attack  on  this  industrial  problem 
has  been  prepared.  Incorporated  in  it  are 
many  LMPC  ideas. 

The  questionnaire  divides  the  types  of 
materials  where  care  should  be  exercised 
into  four  categories:  fabricating  materials, 
such  as  steel  and  brass;  maintenance 
materials,  such  as  fuel,  oils  and  greases, 
acids  and  belting;  tooling  materials,  such 
as  tool  steels,  dies,  etc.;  and  such  shipping 
materials  as  boxes,  kegs  and  ties.  A  series 
of  questions,  presented  under  each  category, 
acts   as   an  excellent  yardstick   for  discus- 


sion of  the  waste  problem.  In  conclusion, 
the  precis  notes  that  "a  good  many  answers 
(to  these  questions)  are  to  be  found  in  the 
scrap  pan.  Let's  take  a  look  and  have 
a  few  suggestions  ready  for  the  next 
meeting." 

One  company  official  has  commented  on 
the  LMPC  as  follows:  "It  has  been  our 
experience  that  in  joint  discussion  ...  a 
free  interchange  of  opinions  and  sugges- 
tions is  creating  a  better  understanding  of 
the  production  problems  confronting  the 
successful  operation  of  the  plant  which 
will  serve  as  a  constructive  means  of 
boosting  mutual  confidence,  teamwork,  and 
morale  ....  Our  LMPC  program  we  feel 
serves  as  a  morale  builder  and  a  resultant 
instrument  to  improve  production  the  sum 
of  which  provides  a  basic  foundation  for 
healthier  industrial  relations." 


1169 


Labour    Law 


Legal  Decisions  Affecting  Labour 

Supreme  Court  of  Canada  renders  judgment  in  cases  involving  labour 
relations  boards  of  British  Columbia,   Nova   Scotia,  Ontario,  Quebec 

The  Supreme  Court  of  Canada  on  June  8  handed  down  decisions  in  four 
cases  which  arose  out  of  the  operation  of  labour  relations  legislation  in  British 
Columbia,  Nova  Scotia,  Ontario  and  Quebec.  In  each  of  these  cases  the  issue 
brought  before  the  Court  centred  around  the  duty  of  the  Labour  Relations 
Board  in  respect  to  the  certification  of  a  union  as  bargaining  agent  for  a  group 
of  employees. 


In  the  British  Columbia  case,  the  com- 
plaint was  that  the  Board  had  wrongly 
interpreted  the  definition  of  "employee"  by 
failing  to  exclude  from  a  bargaining  unit 
employees  who  had  access  to  confidential 
information.  The  Court  held  that  the  posi- 
tion taken  by  the  Board  was  one  that  could 
reasonably  be  reached  on  the  evidence  and 
that  in  such  circumstances  the  decision  of 
the  Board  was  final. 

In  the  Nova  Scotia  case,  the  question 
was  whether  under  the  statute  the  Board 
had  discretion  to  refuse  certification  to  an 
applicant  union,  which  had  satisfied  the 
Board  that  it  fulfilled  the  conditions  for 
certification  set  out  in  the  Act,  on  the 
grounds  that  one  of  its  leaders  was  a 
Communist.  The  Court  held  that  the 
Board  did  not  have  authority  to  disqualify 
the  union  on  that  ground. 

In  the  Ontario  case,  the  complaint  was 
that  the  Board  had  failed  to  exercise  its 
duty  to  make  a  full  inquiry  into  the  ques- 
tion of  "membership  in  good  standing" 
which  it  was  required  to  determine  in  order 
to  decide  whether  the  union  was  represent- 
ative of  the  employees  concerned.  The 
Court  held  that  the  complaint  was  justified 
and  that  the  order  issued  as  a  result  of 
the  incomplete  inquiry  was  invalid. 

In  the  Quebec  case,  the  complaint  was 
that  the  Board,  without  any  hearing  of 
the  union's  side,  revoked  a  certificate  as 
bargaining  agent  on  the  grounds  that  the 
union  was  engaging  in  an  illegal  strike. 
The  Court  held  that  the  Board  has  a  duty 
to  hear  both  parties  on  any  issue  it  decides 
and  that  the  order  made  without  a  proper 
hearing  was  invalid. 

In  these  cases  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Canada  established  that  decisions  of  labour 
boards  may  in  certain  circumstances  be 
brought  before  the  courts  for  review  even 
if  the  statute  setting  up  the  tribunal  pro- 


This  section,  prepared  by  the  Legisla- 
tion Branch,  reviews  labour  laws  as  they 
are  enacted  by  Parliament  and  the 
provincial  legislatures,  regulations  under 
these  laws,  and  selected  court  decisions 
affecting  labour. 


vides  that  its  decision  shall  be  final.  The 
legislature  is  presumed  to  intend  only  that 
there  shall  be  no  right  of  appeal  when  the 
board  is  exercising  the  jurisdiction  con- 
ferred upon  it.  If  it  exceeds  its  jurisdiction 
(that  is,  if  it  does  more  than  the  statute 
expressly  permits)  or  if  it  declines  jurisdic- 
tion (that  is,  fails  to  do  all  that  the  statute 
requires  it  to  do),  then  there  is  the  usual 
access  to  the  courts.  A  board  cannot  add 
to  its  jurisdiction  by  a  misinterpretation  of 
the  law. 

The    Labour    Relations    Board    et    al    v. 
Canada   Safeway  Limited. 

In  the  Safeway  case,  the  Supreme  Court 
dealt  with  the  question  whether  the  British 
Columbia  Labour  Relations  Board  had 
acted  within  its  powers  in  including  in  a 
bargaining  unit  office  employees  who  had 
access  to  confidential  information. 

The  Retail,  Wholesale  and  Department 
Store  Union,  Local  580,  applied  to  the 
British  Columbia  Labour  Relations  Board 
for  certification  as  the  bargaining  authority 
for  office  emploj^ees  (except  department 
managers  and  outside  salesmen)  at  the 
distributing  warehouses  in  Vancouver  of 
Canada  Safeway  Limited.  The  Act  pro- 
vides that  "the  Board  shall  determine 
whether  the  unit  is  appropriate  for 
collective  bargaining,  and  the  Board  may, 
before  certification,  include  additional 
employees  in,  or  exclude  employees  from, 
the  unit." 

In  the  interpretation  section  of  the  Act, 
"employee"  is  defined  as 


1170 


a  person  employed  by  an  employer  to  do 
skilled  or  unskilled  manual,  clerical,  or 
technical  work,  but  does  not  include:  — 

(a)  a  person  employed  in  a  confidential 
capacity  or  a  person  who  has  authority  to 
employ  or  discharge  employees: 

(b)  a  person  who  participates  in  collec- 
tive bargaining  on  behalf  of  an  employer,  or 
who  participates  in  the  consideration  of  an 
employer's  labour  policy  . . . 

The  Board  determined  that  the  office 
employees,  except  in  certain  positions  and 
classes  of  work  which  it  listed  on  the  back 
of  the  certification  order,  were  a  unit 
appropriate  for  collective  bargaining.  The 
unit  comprised  24  comptometer  operators, 
nine  operators  of  Powers  machines,  six 
telephone  operators  and  two  duplicating 
machine  operators.  The  excepted  positions 
and  classes  of  work  were:  managers, 
assistant  managers,  managerial  secretaries, 
personnel  records,  payroll  clerks,  chief 
accountant,  accountant,  supervisor  of  comp- 
tometer operators,  supervisor  of  Powers 
machine  operators,  pricing  department 
clerk,  advertising  clerk,  bulletin  typist. 

The  company,  by  means  of  a  writ  of 
certiorari,  obtained  a  review  of  the  Board's 
decision  in  the  British  Columbia  Supreme 
Court.  The  Court  held  that  the  Board's 
decision  was  within  its  powers.  The  com- 
pany appealed  this  decision  to  the  British 
Columbia  Court  of  Appeal,  which  reversed 
it,  holding  that  the  Board  had  exceeded 
its  powers.  The  union  and  the  British 
Columbia  Labour  Relations  Board  then 
brought  an  appeal  in  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Canada. 

With  two  judges  dissenting,  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Canada  allowed  the  appeal  and 
restored  the  judgment  of  the  British 
Columbia  trial  court. 

Mr.  Justice  Rand,  in  his  reasons, 
described  the  nature  of  the  work  of  the 
operators  in  question.  The  comptometer 
operators  are  engaged  in  the  preparation 
and  assembly  of  statistical  and  report 
material.  What  may  be  called  the  primary 
figures  come  to  the  central  office  from  the 
warehouses,  merchandising  departments  and 
retail  stores  in  the  zone,  and  are  combined, 
consolidated  or  summarized  in  such  detail 
and  such  manner  as  the  company  requires. 
In  this  matter  appear  prices,  wages,  bonuses, 
profits  and  other  items.  The  Powers 
machines  are  used  among  other  things  to 
make  out  cheques  to  employees,  for  the 
preparation  of  invoices  of  goods  to  the 
retail  stores,  records  of  cost  prices,  sale 
prices  and  profit  margins  throughout  the 
zone,  and  of  daily  and  quarterly  reports  of 
volume  sales  of  individual  commodities. 
The  duplicating  machine  operators  repro- 
duce the  statistical  returns  and  distribute 
incoming  and  handle  outgoing  mail. 


From  this  description  he  considered  it  to 
be  clear  that  the  work  done  is  simply  the 
mechanical  production. of  statements  of  the 
business.  These  statements  may  contain 
information  which  the  company  does  not 
"broadcast  from  the  housetops"  but  the 
operators  do  nothing  about  it  except  to 
transcribe  it  for  the  use  of  others.  Their 
work  is  basically  instrumental.  The  argu- 
ment that  they  should  be  excluded  from 
the  definition  of  employees  covered  by  the 
Act  is  based  on  the  fact  that  they  are 
"exposed    to"    the    information. 

This  is  a  condition  which  is  present  more 
or  less  in  every  business  and  an  employee 
is  under  a  legal  duty  as  a  term  of  his 
employment  to  treat  all  such  matters  as 
the  exclusive  concern  of  the  proprietor. 

But  the  question  under  the  statute  is  not 
to  be  determined  by  the  test  whether  the 
employee  has  incidental  access  to  this  in- 
formation; it  is  rather  whether  between  the 
particular  employee  and  the  employer  there 
exists  a  relation  of  a  character  that  stands 
out  from  the  generality  of  relations  and 
bears  a  special  quality  of  confidence.  In 
ordinary  parlance,  how  can  we  say  that  a 
person  skilled  to  operate  a  comptometer  and 
employed  primarily  because  of  that  skill, 
who  is  presumably  so  fully  occupied  with 
the  particular  work  of  transcribing  or  con- 
solidating, that  the  figures  in  general  mean 
little  to  him,  is  by  that  exposure  converted 
into  an  employee  with  a  "confidential" 
relation?  Between  the  management  and  the 
confidential  employee  there  is  an  element  of 
personal  trust  which  permits  some  degree  of 
"thinking  aloud"  on  special  matters;  it  may 
be  on  matters  in  relation  to  employees, 
competitors  or  the  public  or  on  proposed 
action  of  any  sort  or  description;  but  that 
information  is  of  a  nature  out  of  the 
ordinary  and  is  kept  within  a  strictly 
limited  group.  In  many  instances  it  is  of 
the  essence  of  the  confidence  that  it  be  not 
disclosed  to  any  member  of  any  group  or 
body  of  the   generality   of  employees. 

In  his  opinion,  there  is  nothing  of  that 
sort  here.  With  a  large  office  of  upwards 
of  35  employees  engaged  in  similar  occupa- 
tion, the  matter  which  they  work  into 
reports,  so  far  as  it  is  known  to  one  of 
them,  is  of  common  knowledge  throughout 
the  office.  They  occupy  no  exceptional 
position  in  office  organization.  Most  of 
them  are  now  members  of  the  union.  He 
found  no  validity  in  the  argument  that 
"the  certification  of  the  union  to  represent 
them  would  open  the  floodgates  of  exposure 
of  the  company's  business  chiefly  to 
competitors". 

No  such  information  would  be  used  by 
any  tribunal  except  by  compelling  the  com- 
pany to  produce  it  or  by  permitting  it  to 
be  disclosed  by  witnesses;  but  no  evidence 
would  be  countenanced  that  had  been 
obtained  by  a  breach  of  duty.  The  feature 
a  union  would  be  interested  in  is  the 
financial  result  of  the  business,  and  in  this 
case  that  fact  is  published  to  the  world. 


1171 


He  then  went  on  to  discuss  how  "con- 
fidential capacity"  may  be  determined.  He 
said  that  there  is  an  element  of  confidence 
between  an  employer  and  all  his  employees 
and  an  ascending  scale  up  to  those  whose 
relation  takes  on  the  "confidential  capacity". 
The  point  at  which  that  is  reached  is  a 
matter  of  judgment  to  be  formed  by  weigh- 
ing all  the  circumstances.  As  an  example, 
the  handling  of  typewritten  reports  on 
advanced  stages  of  atomic  development 
might  well  today  be  classed  as  done  by 
one  in  such  a  capacity.  Apart  from  qualifi- 
cations as  a  competent  operator,  integrity 
and  the  capacity  for  self-discipline  and 
control  might  be  an  important  considera- 
tion. Twenty-five  years  from  now  all  that 
information  may  be  as  common  as  the 
formulas   of   chemistry. 

Under  the  Act  the  responsibility  for 
determining  "confidential  capacity"  rests 
with  the  Board.  In  his  words:  "The  task 
of  evaluating  all  these  considerations  has 
been  committed  by  the  legislature  to  the 
Board;  and  so  long  as  its  judgment  can 
be  said  to  be  consonant  with  a  rational 
appreciation  of  the  situation  presented,  the 
Court  is  without  power  to  modify  or  set 
it  aside." 

Mr.  Justice  Taschereau,  Mr.  Justice 
Cartwright  and  Mr.  Justice  Estey,  accept- 
ing the  reasons  of  Chief  Justice  Farris  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  British  Columbia, 
held  that  the  appeal  should  be  allowed 
simply  on  the  grounds  that,  on  the 
evidence  before  it,  it  was  open  to  the 
Board  to  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
operators  in  question  were  not  in  fact 
employed  in  such  a  capacity  as  to  be 
excluded  from  the  term  "employees"  within 
the  meaning  of  the  Act.  In  such  circum- 
stances they  considered  that  effect  must  be 
given  to  the  section  of  the  Act  which 
provides  that  this  question  is  to  be  deter- 
mined by  the  Board  and  its  decision  is 
final.  They  did  not  consider  it  necessary 
to  inquire  whether  they  would  have  reached 
the  same  conclusion. 

Mr.  Justice  Kerwin,  also  concurring,  did 
not  rely  on  the  provision  making  the 
Board's  decision  final  but  was  satisfied  that 
the  Board  and  Chief  Justice  Farris  came 
to  the  right  conclusion  on  the  question  at 
issue.  He  dealt  with  the  argument  that 
the  operators  in  question  should  be  excluded 
as  much  as  the  accountant  or  supervisors. 
In  his  view,  the  duties  of  accountants  and 
supervisors  comprise  much  more  than  tabu- 
lating on  machines  information  from  various 
sources.  They  would  collate  the  informa- 
tion   with    a    view    to    presenting    it,    and 


making  recommendations  in  connection  with 
it,  to  a  superior  employee.  For  these 
reasons  he  thought  that  the  excepted 
employees  were  clearly  distinguished  from 
those  in  the  unit. 

Dissenting  Opinions 

The  Chief  Justice  and  Mr.  Justice 
Kellock  dissented,  and  would  have  dis- 
missed the  appeal.  The  Chief  Justice 
accepted  the  reasons  of  the  Chief  Justice 
of  the  British  Columbia  Court  of  Appeal. 
Mr.  Justice  Kellock,  in  giving  his  reasons, 
said  first  that  the  sections  providing  that 
the  question  of  whether  a  person  is  an 
employee  is  to  be  determined  by  the 
Board,  and  making  the  Board's  decision 
final,  do  not  exclude  the  supervisory  juris- 
diction of  the  court  of  there  is  "an  error 
on  the  face  of  the  proceedings". 

The  error  alleged  to  be  apparent  on  the 
face  of  the  record  in  the  case  at  bar  is  the 
view  taken  by  the  Board  of  the  statutory 
definition  of  "employee".  Although  it  is  for 
the  Board  to  determine  whether  or  not  a 
particular  person  is  brought  within  the 
statutory  definition,  the  Board  may  not 
misconstrue  that  definition. 

He  went  on  to  discuss  the  meaning  of 
"confidential": — 

The  difference  to  my  mind  between  a 
person  employed  in  a  confidential  capacity 
and  one  not  so  employed  is  that,  in  the 
former  case,  for  reasons,  it  may  be,  of 
convenience  or  necessity  on  the  part  of  the 
employer  in  the  conduct  of  his  business  or 
affairs,  the  employee  is  put  in  possession  of 
matter  which  the  employer  regards,  from  his 
standpoint,  as  secret  or  private. 

In  this  case,  the  company  operates  chain 
stores  on  a  large  scale  and  of  necessity 
requires  the  assistance  of  a  considerable 
number  of  employees  in  dealing  with 
matters  which  it  desires  to  keep  private. 
While  it  is  true  that  being  a  public  com- 
pany, its  annual  profits  and  losses  are 
published,  profits  or  losses  for  each  indi- 
vidual store  are  not  published  and  "it  is 
obvious  that  the  respondent  would  have 
the  best  of  reasons  for  desiring  to  keep 
such  information  to  itself  and  not  avail- 
able to  its  competitors".  It  is  detailed 
information  of  this  sort  that  the  employees 
in  question  are  dealing  with.  In  his  view 
the  Board,  in  its  interpretation,  was  depart- 
ing from  the  plain  meaning  of  the  language 
used  by  the  legislature. 

Smith  &  Rhuland  Limited  v.  The  Queen, 
on  the  relation  of  Brice  Andrews 
et  al. 

The  case  concerns  the  rejection  by  the 
Labour  Relations  Board  of  Nova  Scotia  of 
an   application  from   the  Industrial  Union 


1172 


of  Marine  and  Shipbuilding  Workers  of 
Canada,  Local  18,  for  certification  as  the 
bargaining  agent  of  employees  in  a  collec- 
tive unit.  The  Board  found  the  unit 
appropriate  for  bargaining  purposes  and  the 
other  conditions  of  certification  to  be  met, 
but  refused  certification  on  the  ground  that 
the  secretary-treasurer  of  the  union,  Bell, 
who  had  organized  the  local  body  and  as 
its  acting  secretary-treasurer  had  signed  the 
application,  was  a  Communist  and  the 
dominating  influence  in  the  union.  The 
Supreme  Court  of  Nova  Scotia,  on 
certiorari,  set  aside  the  Board's  order 
dismissing  the  application  and  directed  the 
Board  to  reconsider  it,  holding  that  the 
Board  had,  in  the  circumstances,  no  discre- 
tion to  refuse  but  that,  even  if  it  had,  the 
discretion  had  been  improperly  exercised. 
Before  the  Supreme  Court  of  Canada  both 
these  grounds  were  challenged. 

The  first,  that  the  Board  had  no  discre- 
tion to  refuse  certification  if  the  prescribed 
conditions  were  met,  depends  on  the  inter- 
pretation of  the  word  "may"  in  Section 
9(2)  (b)  of  the  Nova  Scotia  Trade  Union 
Act,  which  reads: — 

If  a  vote  of  the  employees  in  the  unit 
has  been  taken  under  the  direction  of  the 
Board  and  the  Board  is  satisfied  that  not 
less  than  60  per  cent  of  such  employees  have 
voted  and  that  a  majority  of  such  60  per 
cent  have  selected  the  trade  union  to  be 
bargaining  agent  on  their  behalf;  the  Board 
may  certify  the  trade  union  as  the  bargain- 
ing agent  of  the  employees  in  the  unit. 

The  provincial  Interpretation  Act  provides 
that  "may"  shall  be  construed  as  being 
permissive.  Such  definitions  in  the  Inter- 
pretation Act  are  to  apply  "in  so  far  as 
they  are  not  inconsistent  with  the  interests 
and  object"  of  the  Acts  to  which  they 
extend. 

The  reasons  of  Mr.  Justice  Kerwin,  Mr. 
Justice  Estey  and  Mr.  Justice  Rand  were 
delivered  by  Mr.  Justice  Rand. 

Examining  the  Trade  Union  Act,  Mr. 
Justice  Rand  found  that  it  exemplified 
strikingly  the  contrasted  uses  of  "shall" 
and  "may": — 

For  instance,  in  9(1)  we  have  "the  Board 
shall  determine"  whether  the  unit  is  appro- 
priate; "the  Board  may  .  .  .  include  addi- 
tional employees  in  the  unit";  "the  Board 
shall  take  such  steps  to  determine  the  wishes 
of  the  employees";  9(4)  "the  Board  .  .  .  may, 
for  the  purpose  .  .  .  make  such  examination 
of  records  or  other  inquiries,  etc.";  "the 
Board  may  prescribe  the  nature  of  the 
evidence  to  be  furnished";  9(5)  "the  Board, 
in  determining  the  appropriate  unit,  shall 
have  regard  to  the  community  of  interests"; 
9(7)  "if  the  Board  is  not  satisfied  ...  it 
shall  reject  the  application  and  may  desig- 
nate the  time  before  a  new  application  will 
be  considered";  Sec.  11,  the  Board  "may 
revoke  the  certificate." 


There  are  other  examples,  and  in  the  face 
of  them,  Mr.  Justice  Rand  held  that  it 
would  be  "an  act  of  temerity  to  hold  that 
in  the  clause  before  us  the  word  is  to  be 
taken  in  an  imperative  sense".  The  word 
is  to  be  taken  as  permissive  and  as 
"connoting  an  area  of  discretion". 

The  remaining  question  was  whether  the 
Board,  in  its  rejection,  acted  within  the 
limits  of  that  discretion.  In  examining  this 
question,  Mr.  Justice  Rand  assumed  the 
findings  made  as  to  Bell's  adherence  to  the 
doctrines  of  communism  and  the  strategy 
and  techniques  by  which  they  are 
propagated. 

The  Board's  finding  of  domination  was 
based  on  the  key  position  of  general 
secretary-treasurer  and  organizer  which  Bell 
held,  on  his  acceptance  of  communistic 
teachings  and  by  the  fact  that  the 
Communist  Party  requires  its  adherents  to 
seek  by  deceit,  treachery  and  revolution  to 
subvert  democratic  institutions.  As  summed 
up  by  His  Lordship: — 

That  is  to  say,  the  circumstance  that  an 
officer  of  a  federated  labour  union  holds  to 
these  doctrines  is,  per  se,  and  apart  from 
illegal  acts  or  conduct,  a  ground  upon  which 
its  local  unions,  so  long  as  he  remains  an 
officer,  can  be  denied  the  benefits  of  the 
Trade  Union  Act. 

No  one  can  doubt,  he  said,  that  the 
problem  presented  in  choosing  between 
toleration  of  those  who  hold  such  doctrines 
and  restrictions  repugnant  to  our  political 
traditions  is  a  difficult  one;  but  there  are 
certain  facts  which  must  be  faced. 

He  pointed  out  that  there  is  no  law  in 
this  country  against  holding  such  views  nor 
of  being  a  member  of  a  group  or  party 
supporting  them: — 

This  man  is  eligible  for  election  or  appoint- 
ment to  the  highest  political  offices  in  the 
province:  on  what  ground  can  it  be  said 
that  the  legislature  of  which  he  might  be  a 
member  has  empowered  the  Board,  in  effect, 
to  exclude  him  from  a  labour  union?  or  to 
exclude  a  labour  union  from  the  benefits  of 
the  statute  because  it  avails  itself,  in  legiti- 
mate activities,  of  his  abilities? 

If  it  should  be  shown  that  a  union  is 
not  intended  to  be  an  instrument  of 
advantage  and  security  to  its  members  "but 
one  to  destroy  the  very  power  from  'which 
it  seeks  privilege"  then  a  different  situa- 
tion would  be  presented.  That  was  the 
situation  in  Branch  Lines  Limited  v.  Cana- 
dian Seamen's  Union  which  was  held  to 
justify  a  revocation  of  the  certificate  by 
the  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board. 

In  this  case  nothing  was  urged  against 
the  local  union;  it  seeks  the  legitimate 
end  of  the  welfare  of  its  members.     The 


1173 


federated  body  to  which  the  local  belongs 
is  affiliated  with  the  Canadian  Congress  of 
Labour.  During  1951,  two  local  units  of 
this  union  were  certified  by  the  Board.  To 
treat  the  communistic  views  of  the  organ- 
izer as  a  ground  for  refusing  certification 
he  termed  "a  want  of  faith  in  the  intelli- 
gence and  loyalty  of  the  membership  of 
both  the  local  and  the  federation". 

The  dangers  from  the  propagation  of  the 
communist  dogmas  lie  essentially  in  the 
receptivity  of  the  environment.  The  Cana- 
dian social  order  rests  on  the  enlightened 
opinion  and  the  reasonable  satisfaction  of 
the  wants  and  desires  of  the  people  as  a 
whole;  but  how  can  that  state  of  things  be 
advanced  by  the  action  of  a  local  tribunal 
otherwise  than  on  the  footing  of  trust  and 
confidence  in  those  with  whose  interests  the 
tribunal  deals?  Employees  of  every  rank 
and  description  throughout  the  Dominion 
furnish  the  substance  of  the  national  life 
and  the  security  of  the  state  itself  resides 
in  their  solidarity  as  loyal  subjects.  To 
them,  as  to  all  citizens,  Ave  must  look  for 
the  protection  and  defence  of  that  security 
within  the  governmental  structure,  and  in 
these  days  on  them  rests  an  immediate 
responsibility  for  keeping  under  scrutiny  the 
motives  and  actions  of  their  leaders.  Those 
are  the  considerations  that  have  shaped  the 
legislative  policy  of  this  country  to  the 
present  time  and  they  underlie  the  statute 
before  us. 

For  these  reasons  he  did  not  think  that 
the  Board  was  empowered  to  take  away 
rights  from  a  labour  organization  because 
there  was  among  its  officers  an  individual 
holding  political  views  considered  by  the 
Board  to  be  dangerous.  There  must  be 
some  evidence  that,  with  the  acquiescence 
of  the  members,  he  had  directed  the  union 
towards  ends  destructive  of  its  legitimate 
purposes  to  justify  excluding  employees 
from  the  rights  and  privileges  of  a  statute 
designed  primarily  for  their  benefit.  The 
appeal  was  accordingly  dismissed. 

Mr.  Justice  Kellock,  holding  with  the 
majority  that  the  appeal  should  be  dis- 
missed, adopted  somewhat  different  reason- 
ing. In  his  view,  when  the  statute  provides 
that  the  Board  "may"  certify  the  union,  it 
contemplates  the  other  questions  which  the 
Board  has  to  decide  concerning  the  appro- 
priateness of  the  unit  as  set  out  in  Section 
9(3).  This  he  considered  to  be  the  only 
interpretation  of  "may"  which  would  be 
in  harmony  with  Section  8,  which  provides 
for  the  certification  of  a  union  to  represent 
a  craft  unit  and  which  says  that,  under 
certain  conditions,  the  union  "shall  be 
entitled"  to  be  certified.  He  did  not 
consider  that  "may"  was  intended  to  denote 
an  area  of  discretion;  accordingly  other 
considerations  than  those  the  Board  is 
directed    by    the    statute    to    consider    are 


irrelevant.  In  this  case  he  held  that  the 
Board's  decision  was  reached  upon  a  con- 
sideration of  extraneous  matters;  for  this 
reason  he  would  dismiss  the  appeal. 

Dissenting   Opinions 

Mr.  Justice  Taschereau,  Mr.  Justice 
Cartwright  and  Mr.  Justice  Fauteux  dis- 
sented, holding  that  the  Board  properly 
exercised  a  discretion  conferred  on  it  by 
the  statute  and  that  it  was  not  the 
function  of  the  court  to  interfere.  Mr. 
Justice  Cartwright,  in  a  judgment  with 
which  Mr.  Justice  Fauteux  concurred, 
summed  up  his  position  as  follows: — 

In  the  case  at  bar,  the  Board  was  guided 
by  the  fact,  as  found  by  it.  that  the 
dominant  leadership  and  direction  of  the 
applicant  union  was  provided  by  a  member 
of  the  Communist  Party,  to  the  conclusion 
that  certification  would  be  inconsistent  with 
the  principle  and  purpose  of  the  Act  and 
contrary  to  the  public  interest.  I  am  quite 
unable  to  say  as  a  matter  of  law  that  this 
was  an  extraneous  consideration.  It  must 
not  be  forgotten  that  under  Section  11  cer- 
tification once  granted  may  be  revoked  but 
only  after  it  has  been  in  effect  for  not  less 
than  ten  months.  It  is  not  necessary  that  I 
should  express  an  opinion  as  to  whether  the 
decision  of  the  Board  was  right  or  wise.  It 
appears  to  me  to  be  a  decision  made  in  the 
bona  fide  exercise  of  a  discretion  which  the 
legislature  has  seen  fit  to  commit  to  it  and 
not  to  the  courts. 

They  would  have  allowed  the  appeal  and 
set  aside  the  order  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Nova  Scotia. 

Toronto    Newspaper    Guild,    Local    87    v. 
Globe  Printing  Company. 

By  leave  of  the  Court  of  Appeal  for 
Ontario,  the  Toronto  Newspaper  Guild, 
Local  87,  appealed  from  a  judgment  of 
that  Court  affirming  an  order  of  the  High 
Court  of  Justice  quashing  a  certificate  of 
the  Ontario  Labour  Relations  Board.  The 
certificate  entitled  the  union  to  act  as 
bargaining  agent  for  the  employees  of  the 
circulation  department  of  the  Globe  Print- 
ing Company. 

With  two  judges  dissenting,  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Canada  dismissed  the  appeal. 

Mr.  Justice  Kellock  in  his  reasons  for 
decision  set  out  the  facts  in  detail.  The 
Toronto  Newspaper  Guild  applied  to  the 
Ontario  Labour  Relations  Board  to  be 
certified  as  bargaining  agent  for  certain 
employees  in  the  circulation  department  of 
the  Globe  Printing  Company,  claiming  to 
have  a  majority  of  the  employees  as 
members  in  good  standing. 

The  Labour  Relations  Act  1948  (Ontario) 
and  regulations  under  it  (the  legislation 
under  which  the  application  was  made) 
empower   the   Board   to   grant   certification 


1174 


if  satisfied  that  the  majority  of  the 
employees  in  a  unit  appropriate  for  collec- 
tive bargaining  are  members  in  good 
standing  of  an  applicant  trade  union.  If 
a  question  arises  whether  a  person  is  a 
member  in  good  standing  of  a  trade  union, 
the  Board  is  to  decide  the  question,  such 
decision  to  be  final  and  conclusive. 
Another  section  of  the  Act  provides  that 
the  decisions  of  the  Board  are  not  to  be 
reviewed  by  any  court. 

As  required  by  the  rules  made  by  the 
Board,  the  application  was  verified  by  the 
affidavit  of  the  secretary  of  the  applicant 
union  and  written  notice  of  its  filing  was 
duly  given  to  the  company  by  the  registrar 
of  the  Board.  In  its  reply  the  company 
requested  the  Board  to  determine  if  the 
applicant  represented  a  majority  of  the 
employees  in  the  unit.  A  hearing  was 
called  by  the  registrar. 

The  statute  contains  provisions  which 
indicate  the  nature  of  the  hearing  that  is 
to  be  held: — 

(7)  The  Board  and  each  member  thereof 
shall  have  the  power  of  summoning  any 
person  and  requiring  him  to  give  evidence 
on  oath  before  the  Board  and  to  produce 
such  documents  and  things  as  may  be  deemed 
requisite  for  the  full  investigation  of  any 
matter  coming  before  the  Board  and  shall 
have  the  like  power  to  enforce  the  atten- 
dance of  witnesses  and  to  compel  them  to 
give  evidence  and  to  produce  documents  and 
things  as  is  vested  in  any  court  in  civil 
cases. 

(8)  The  Board  and  each  member  thereof 
may  receive  and  accept  such  evidence  and 
information  on  oath,  affidavit  or  otherwise 
as  in  its  or  his  discretion  it  or  he  may  deem 
fit  and  proper  whether  admissible  as  evi- 
dence in  a  court  of  law  or  not. 

It  is  further  established  by  case  law 
(Board  of  Education  v.  Rice,  1911  A.C., 
179)  that  a  tribunal  of  the  nature  of  the 
one  here  in  question  "must  act  in  good 
faith  and  fairly  listen  to  both  sides,  for 
that  is  a  duty  lying  upon  every  one  who 
decides  anything,"  and  that  it  must  give 
a  fair  opportunity  to  those  who  are  parties 
in  the  controversy  for  correcting  or  con- 
tradicting any  relevant  statement  preju- 
dicial to  their  view. 

At  the  hearing,  after  the  matter  of  the 
composition  of  the  bargaining  unit  was 
disposed  of,  the  Board  proceeded  to  deal 
with  the  claim  of  the  union  to  have  a 
majority  of  the  employees  in  its  member- 
ship. The  union  claimed  to  have  59 
members  and  filed  documents  said  to 
represent  57  members  who  had  paid 
initiation  fees  or  dues.  As  requested  by 
the  Board,  the  company's  counsel  filed 
lists  of  employees  of  the  department  as 
of  the  date  of  the  application  and  the 
date  of  the  hearing. 


Counsel  for  the  company  then  contended 
that  the  documents  filed  by  the  union  in 
support  of  its  membership  claims  did  not 
show  that  a  majority  of  the  employees  in 
the  unit  were  members  in  good  standing 
and  he  asked  to  cross-examine  the  union 
secretary.  He  stated  that  he  had  informa- 
tion that  a  number  of  employees  had  sent 
in  resignations.  The  chairman  stated  that 
he  saw  no  relevancy  to  resignations. 
Counsel  for  the  union  objected  to  any 
cross-examination  of  union  officials  and 
said  that  the  documents  which  had  been 
filed  did  represent  members  in  good 
standing  according  to  the  union's  constitu- 
tion. The  chairman  ruled  against  cross- 
examination  of  the  witness.  Counsel  for 
the  company  then  urged  that  a  heavy  onus 
lay  upon  the  Board  to  make  a  full 
investigation  to  satisfy  itself,  and  that  it 
should  itself  question  the  witness  and 
examine  the  documents,  or  examine  some 
or  all  of  the  employees  in  the  department, 
or  order  a  vote   by  secret  ballot. 

The  Board  did  not  take  a  vote,  or,  so  far 
as  is  disclosed  by  the  record,  make  any 
further  inquiry,  and  issued  an  order 
certifying  the  union  as  bargaining  agent  for 
the  employees  in  the  defined  unit. 

Mr.  Justice  Kellock  considered  it  to  be 
plain  from  this  recital  of  the  facts  that 
there  was  no  hearing  of  the  matter  before 
the  Board  for  investigation  within  any 
reasonable  interpretation  of  the  word. 

In  the  case  at  bar  it  was  impossible  for 
the  Board  to  determine  whether  any  one 
of  the  persons  alleged  to  be  members  of 
the  appellant  was  in  fact  a  member  in  good 
standing  if  the  Board  refused  to  enter  upon 
the  question  as  to  whether  or  not,  assuming 
membership  to  have  originally  existed,  it 
had  continued.  This  was  the  very  obliga- 
tion placed  upon  the  Board  by  the  statute. 
By  refusing  to  enter  upon  it,  the  Board  in 
fact  declined  jurisdiction.  It  is  well  settled 
that  any  order  pronounced  by  an  inferior 
tribunal  in  such  circumstances  is  subject  to 
the  supervising  jurisdiction  of  the  superior 
courts,  exercisable  by  way  of  certiorari. 

He  then  dealt  with  the  contention  of 
counsel  for  the  Guild  that  a  mere  refusal 
to  permit  the  cross-examination  of  a 
witness  does  not  amount  to  a  "manifest 
defect  of  jurisdiction"  such  as  to  make  the 
Board's  action  subject  to  court  review. 
The  refusal  to  permit  cross-examination 
might  not  have  been  so  considered  had 
the  Board  not  itself  declined  to  enter  into 
the  inquiry  which  the  statute  laid  upon  it. 

He  dismissed  the  point  that  the  Board's 
failure  to  consider  resignations  might  have 
been  for  the  reason  that  under  the  union 
constitution  any  withdrawal  of  member- 
ship   was    ineffective    at    the    time    of    the 

1175 


hearing,  since  this  point  was  not  raised  in 
the  courts  below  nor  was  any  material 
filed  with  the  court. 

Mr.  Justice  Fauteux  reviewed  the  obliga- 
tion of  the  Board  to  decide  any  question 
submitted  before  concluding  that  the 
alleged  members  of  the  union  were  in  good 
standing. 

On  a  consideration  of  the  material 
admittedly  showing  what  took  place  before 
the  Board,  I  cannot  convince  myself  that 
the  latter  did  not  decline  jurisdiction  as  a 
result  of  its  rulings  on  the  various  requests 
made  at  hearing  by  the  respondent,  all  of 
them  being  directed  to  the  contestation  of 
the  right  of  the  appellant  trade  union  to  be 
certified  as  bargaining  agent.  In  the  per- 
spective of  all  that  took  place,  the  ruling  as 
to  the  evidence  is,  I  think,  as  much,  if  not 
more,  consistent  with  a  declining  of  juris- 
diction than  with  a  wrongful  refusal  to 
receive  evidence. 

Mr.  Justice  Kerwin,  after  reviewing  the 

facts  and  the  applicable  legislation,  noted 

that,  since   the  Board  refused   to   order  a 

vote    as    requested    by    the    employer,    the 

Board's    jurisdiction    to    certify    depended 

upon  its  being  satisfied  that  the  majority 

of  the  employees  in  the  unit  were  members 

in  good  standing  of  the  union. 

But  the  Board  said  that  it  was  irrelevant 
whether  certain  individuals  had  resigned 
from  the  Union  and  it  therefore  declined  to 
investigate  that  all  important  question.  In 
proceeding  to  certify,  it  exceeded  its  juris- 
diction and  excess  of  jurisdiction  has 
invariably  been  held  to  be  a  ground  upon 
which  a  Superior  Court  could  quash  an 
order  of  an  inferior  tribunal. 

Dissenting  Opinions 

Mr.   Justice    Cartwright,    dissenting,  was 

unable    to   find   from   the   record   that  the 

Board's    procedure    was    such    that    it  had 

exceeded    its    jurisdiction    or    that    it  had 

failed  to  fulfil  a  duty  laid  upon  it  by  the 
statute. 

What  is  complained  of  is  that  the  Board 
refused  to  permit  cross-examination  or  to 
receive  or  obtain  for  itself  evidence  all 
directed  to  establishing  that  between  the 
date  of  the  application  for  certification  and 
the  date  of  the  hearing  a  number  of 
employees  of  the  respondent  who  had  there- 
tofore been  members  of  the  appellant  had 
sent  in  their  resignations  and  had  conse- 
quently ceased  to  be  "members  in  good 
standing". 

He  pointed  out  that  it  was  clear  that  before 

ruling  that  resignations  were  irrelevant,  the 

Board   heard   full   argument   from    counsel 

for  both  parties. 

The  ruling  indicates  that  the  Board 
reached  the  conclusion  that  a  member  who 
sent  in  his  resignation  during  the  stated 
period    nonetheless    remained    a    member    in 


good  standing  at  the  date  of  the  hearing. 
If  this  conclusion  was  right  then  the  evidence 
tendered  was  irrelevant.  It  may  well  be 
that  the  conclusion  was  wrong;  but  that 
would,  or  might,  depend  upon  the  provisions 
of  the  constitution  of  the  appellant  which 
may  or  may  not  have  been  before  the  Board 
or  upon  the  contents  of  the  written  applica- 
tions for  membership  which  were  before  the 
Board. 

Even  assuming  that  the  Board  was 
wrong  in  refusing  to  receive  evidence,  the 
refusal,  in  his  view,  was  for  the  reason 
that  even  if  received  it  would  not  prove 
the-  subject  matter  into  which  the  Board 
was  bound  to  inquire,  that  is  whether  those 
who  sent  in  their  resignations  ceased  to  be 
members  in  good  standing. 

I  conclude,  therefore,  that  no  refusal  to 
hear  the  parties,  or  excess  of  jurisdiction  or 
declining  of  jurisdiction  is  made  out  and 
that  effect  must  be  given  to  the  provisions 
of  the  statute  which  render  the  decision  of 
the  Board  final  and  forbid  its  review. 

Mr.  Justice  Rand  also  dissented  from 
the  Court's  decision.  After  reviewing  the 
legislation,  he  said  that  the  provision  of 
the  Act  excluding  the  control  of  the  courts 
is  designed  to  apply  to  the  scope  of  action 
within  which  the  Board  is  intended  by  the 
legislature  to  act.  Ultra  vires  action  is  a 
matter  for  the  superior  courts.  The  real 
controversy  lies  in  the  determination  of 
the  boundaries  of  that  contemplated  scope. 

Certainly  where  the  Board  is  at  liberty 
to  inform  itself  of  matters  of  fact  by  any 
means,  as  it  is  here,  and  where  it  can  act 
if  "satisfied"  of  certain  things  and  where  its 
findings  are  declared  to  be  final  and  judicial 
review  excluded,  I  doubt  that  the  test  can 
be  anything  less  than  this:  is  the  action  or 
decision  within  any  rational  compass  that 
can  be  attributed  to  the  statutory  language? 

He  noted  that  neither  the  statute  nor  the 
regulations  made  any  reference  to  a  hear- 
ing; the  hearing  is  a  step  that  arises  by 
implication  from  procedural  rules.  Assum- 
ing that  the  parties  have  a  right  to  a 
hearing,  "it  has  been  encrusted  with  so 
many  qualifying  powers  in  the  Board  that 
its  ordina'ry  function  has  been  virtually 
emasculated".  It  is  reduced  to  an  oppor- 
tunity for  each  side  to  present  its  own 
evidence  unilaterally  and  by  its  own  means 
only.  It  may  be  disclosed  to  the  Board 
only. 

Such  a  method,  in  his  view,  "clashes  with 
the  lessons  of  our  law's  experience;  the 
best  means  to  truth  remain  those  of  open 
disclosure  of  the  facts".  Yet,  he  pointed 
out,  both  unions  and  employers  are  apt 
to  insist  strongly  upon  the  secrecy  of  what 
is  called  "confidential"  matter.  In  general 
the  open  public  court  is  recognized  as  "the 


1176 


citadel  of  our  legal  system".  Authority  to 
make  decisions  on  matters  undisclosed  to 
both  sides  is  the  first  step  toward  arbitrary 
judgment,  the  final  stage  of  which,  if 
allowed  to  be  pursued,  is  dictation. 

These  considerations,  however,  he  held 
to  be  irrelevant  where  there  is  no  clear 
departure  from  the  field  of  action  defined 
by  the  statute,  and  he  found  none  in  this 
case.  It  is  to  the  legislature,  not  the  courts, 
that  complaints  against  the  procedure 
authorized  by  the  legislation  must  be 
addressed. 

U Alliance  des  Professeurs  catholiques  de 
Montreal  v.  La  Commission  des  Rela- 
tions   ouvrieres    de    la    province    de 
Quebec  et  La  Commission  des  Ecoles 
catholiques     de     Montreal,     Mise-en~ 
cause. 
In     the     Montreal     teachers'     case,     the 
Supreme  Court,  with  no  dissenting  opinion, 
found  the  Board's  decertification  order  to 
be    invalid.      The     Chief    Justice     in    his 
reasons  for  decision  carefully  set  out   the 
steps  leading  up  to  the  placing  of  the  issue 
before  the  Supreme  Court. 

On  May  12,  1944,  the  Quebec  Labour 
Relations  Board  certified  UAlliance  des 
Professeurs  Catholiques  de  Montreal  (the 
Association  of  Catholic  Teachers  of  Mont- 
real) as  the  bargaining  agent  for  all  teachers 
in  the  French  schools  of  the  Montreal 
Catholic  School  Commission. 

In  January  1949,  the  Association  and  the 
School  Commission  had  not  succeeded  in 
negotiating  a  collective  agreement  covering 
salaries  for  the  current  year.  At  a  general 
meeting  of  the  Association  held  January  12, 
the  majority  of  the  members  present  voted 
in  favour  of  a  strike  which  was  to  begin 
Monday,  January  17.  The  strike  took  place 
on  that  date  but,  at  the  end  of  the  week, 
the  teachers  decided  to  return  to  work,  and 
did  so  on  Monday,  January  24.  During 
the  strike,  on  January  21,  the  School 
Commission  addressed  a  letter  to  the 
Board  requesting  the  cancellation  of  the 
certificate  as  bargaining  agent  held  by  the 
Association.  On  the  same  day,  without  a 
hearing  or  notice  to  the  Association,  the 
Board  rendered  a  decision  cancelling  the 
certification.  This  decision  was  sent  to  the 
Association  by  telegram  the  same  day  and 
confirmed  by  a  letter  the  following  day. 

On  April  27,  1949,  the  Association  applied 
to  a  judge  of  the  Superior  Court  for  an 
order  authorizing  the  issue  of  a  writ  of 
summons.  In  its  application  which  accom- 
panied the  writ,  the  Association  claimed 
that  the  cancellation  of  the  certificate  as 
bargaining  agent  was  illegal,  since  a  strike 
was  not  a  just  cause  for  cancellation  and 


because,  in  addition,  the  Association  had 
not  received  any  notice  of  the  request  for 
decertification.  It  asked  for  a  declaration 
that  the  Board  had  exceeded  its  jurisdic- 
tion in  its  decision  of  January  21  and  that 
in  consequence  this  decision  should  be 
adjudged  null  and  void.  Leave  was  given 
to  bring  the  issue  into  court  and  an  order 
was  made  restraining  the  Board  from 
acting  on  the  revocation  until  the  trial  of 
the  action. 

The  judgment  of  the  Superior  Court 
given  September  23,  1950,  confirmed  the 
writ  of  prohibition  and  quashed  the  Board's 
decertification  order.  The  Labour  Rela- 
tions Board  appealed  this  decision  to  the 
Court  of  King's  Bench,  Appeal  Side,  and 
the  appeal  court  reversed  the  decision. 
The  Association  then  brought  an  appeal  to 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Canada. 

After  setting  out  the  facts  the  Chief 
Justice  reviewed  the  reasons  given  by  Mr. 
Justice  Savard  in  the  Superior  Court  for 
finding  that  the  Board  had  exceeded  its 
jurisdiction  and  that  the  decertification 
order  should  be  quashed.  He  stressed  the 
fact  that  not  only  did  the  Board  render  a 
decision  without  notice  to  the  Association, 
or  the  holding  of  a  hearing,  but  that  it 
actually  gave  the  decision  before  the 
matter  was  properly  before  it.  The  appli- 
cation of  the  School  Commission  was 
prepared  at  Montreal  after  a  meeting  of 
the  Commission  and  was  dated  January  21. 
That  is  the  same  day  that  the  Board, 
sitting  at  Quebec,  granted  the  request, 
although  it  did  not  receive  the  Commis- 
sion's submission  until  January  24. 

What  this  amounts  to  is  that  the  Board 
granted  the  request  of  the  School  Com- 
mission without  even  having  received  it, 
and  then  telegraphed  the  decision  can- 
celling the  certification  to  the  Association. 
In  the  Chief  Justice's  words, 

Voila  une  justice  expeditive,  s'il  en  est 
une:  Le  jugement  rendu  avant  que  la  requete 
fut  devant  la  Commission  intimee  et  la  partie 
interessee  informee  par  telegramme. 

He  held  with  the  judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  that  this  procedure  was  contrary  to 
the  fundamental  principles  of  justice. 

He  then  reviewed  the  article  of  the  Code 
of  Civil  Procedure  which  provides  that  no 
judicial  question  can  be  adjudicated  upon 
unless  the  party  against  whom  it  is  made 
has  been  heard  or  duly  summoned;  he 
cited  numerous  cases  in  which  the  prin- 
ciple had  been  applied. 

Whatever  powers  of  discretion  a  body 
such  as  the  Labour  Relations  Board  may 
have,  it  is  not  a  question  here  of  discretion 
but   of   the   most   arbitrary   action.     Even 


1177 


if  it  is  called  an  administrative  body,  when- 
ever it  exercises  a  semi-judicial  function,  as 
it  did  in  this  instance,  it  becomes  an 
inferior  tribunal  in  the  sense  of  Article  1003 
of  the  Code  of  Civil  Procedure.  It  did 
more  than  exceed  its  jurisdiction;  it  acted 
without  any  jurisdiction  and  its  action 
gives  rise  to  a  writ  of  prohibition. 

He  dealt  next  with  the  semi-judicial 
nature  of  the  Board's  functions.  The 
Association  possessed  the  certificate  as 
bargaining  agent  issued  by  the  Board. 
Under  Section  7  of  the  Labour  Relations 
Act,  the  Board,  before  issuing  the  certifi- 
cate, was  under  a  duty  to  assure  itself  of 
the  representative  character  of  the  Associa- 
tion and  of  its  right  to  be  recognized,  after 
having  examined  its  books  and  records. 
He  called  attention  to  the  phrase  "right 
to  be  recognized"  which  appears  in  the  Act. 

In  addition,  under  Section  41,  the  Board 
may,  for  cause,  revise  or  cancel  any  deci- 
sion or  order  rendered  by  it  or  any 
certificate  issued  by  it.  This  power  is 
given  the  Board  only  "for  cause".  The 
situation  then  was  that  the  Association 
had  been  recognized  by  the  Board  and  that 
this  recognition  could  not  be  revoked 
arbitrarily,  nor  even  in  the  exercise  of 
discretion,  but  only  "for  cause".  Conse- 
quently, in  revoking  the  Association's 
certificate,  the  Board  was  taking  away  a 
right  and  the  decision  that  it  rendered  was 
thus  strictly  a  judicial  decision  in  which 
the  Board  was  called  upon  to  judge 
whether  cause  existed  to  take  away  the 
right. 

In  such  circumstances,  the  rule  is  that 
the  party  whose  right  is  at  stake  must  be 
given  a  hearing  and  the  opportunity  to 
defend  himself.  This  is  borne  out  by  many 
cases.  The  Chief  Justice  quoted  from  a 
judgment  of  the  Privy  Council  in  a 
Quebec  case  (Lapointe  v.  Association  de 
Bienfaisance  et  de  retraite  de  la  Police  de 
Montreal,  1908  AC  535)  :— 

They  are  bound  in  the  exercise  of  their 
functions  by  the  rule  expressed  in  the  maxim 
'Audi  alteram  partem'  that  no  man  should  be 
condemned  to  consequence  resulting  from 
alleged  misconduct  unheard,  and  without 
having  the  opportunity  of  making  his 
defence.  This  rule  is  not  confined  to  the 
conduct  of  strictly  legal  tribunals,  but  is 
applicable  to  every  tribunal  or  body  of 
persons  invested  with  authority  to  adjudicate 
upon  matters  involving  civil  consequences  to 
individuals. 

This  well-recognized  principle  is  found  in 
the  Act  itself.  Section  50  gives  certain 
powers  to  the  Labour  Relations  Board  and 
stipulates  that,  in  case  of  violation  of  the 
section  on  forbidden  practices,  the  Board 
may,     without     prejudice     to     any     other 


penalty,  decree  the  dissolution  of  the 
association,  but  "after  giving  it  an  oppor- 
tunity to  be  heard  and  to  produce  any 
evidence  tending  to  exculpate  it".  In  the 
appeal  court,  the  point  was  made  that 
since  this  provision  appeared  in  the  Act 
only  in  the  case  of  violations  of  the 
section  on  forbidden  practices,  it  must  have 
been  intended  that  no  notice  was  required 
under  Section  41.  That  no  one  may  be 
condemned  or  deprived  of  his  rights  with- 
out being  heard  is  a  general  rule  of  law 
and  it  would  take  more  than  the  silence 
of  a  statute  to  deprive  any  one  of  it.  It 
would  be  necessary  for  the  legislature  to 
use  explicit  terms  to  put  aside  this  obliga- 
tion which  rests  on  all  tribunals. 

He  then  dealt  with  the  main  argument 
upon  which  the  majority  of  the  appeal 
court  had  based  their  opinion,  that  is,  that 
the  fact  that  the  Act  (Section  36)  gave 
the  Board  all  the  powers,  immunities  and 
privileges  of  commissioners  appointed 
under  the  Public  Inquiry  Commission  Act, 
and  that  a  provision  of  that  Act  is  to  the 
effect  that  "no  writ  of  injunction  or 
prohibition  or  other  legal  proceeding  shall 
interfere  with  or  stay  the  proceedings  of 
the  commissioners  in  the  inquiry  (RSQ 
1941,  c.  9,  s.  17)."  Along  with  the  judge 
of  the  trial  court,  he  was  of  the  opinion 
that  there  was  no  reason  to  conclude  that 
the  Legislature  intended  to  make  this 
provision  applicable  to  the  Labour  Rela- 
tions Board.  In  any  case  it  could  not  be 
invoked  to  prevent  a  writ  of  prohibition 
against  a  judgment  rendered  without 
jurisdiction. 

Much  could  be  said,  the  Chief  Justice 
remarked,  on  the  constitutionality  of 
statutory  provisions  which  purport  to 
prevent  superior  courts  from  examining  the 
validity  of  decisions  rendered  by  this  or 
that  board  and  of  shutting  off  access  to 
the  regular  courts  of  the  country.  In  this 
case,  the  constitutionality  of  the  section 
was  not  raised.  The  Supreme  Court  of 
Canada  could  have  raised  the  issue,  in 
which  event  the  Attorney  General  of 
Canada  and  of  the  Attorney  General  of  the 
Province  of  Quebec  would  have  had  to  be 
notified.  In  his  view  it  was  better  to  wait 
until  that  question  becomes  essential  for 
the  decision  of  a  case.  In  this  case  it  was 
not  essential. 

Mr.  Justice  Fauteux  and  Mr.  Justice 
Kerwin,  each  writing  separate  reasons  for 
decision,  were  in  agreement  with  the  Chief 
Justice  that  the  appeal  should  be  allowed 
on  .the  ground  that  the  Board  was  bound 
to  give  notice  to  the  teachers'  Association 
and     to     hear     any     representations     the 


1178 


Association  desired  to  make  before  deciding 
whether  the  certificate  should  be  cancelled. 

Mr.  Justice  Rand  considered  that  this 
question  also  had  been  raised  in  the 
appeal:  whether  a  strike  called  in  violation 
of  the  Labour  Relations  Act  and  of  the 
Public  Services  Employees  Disputes  Act  is 
a  cause  for  revoking  a  certificate  of  repre- 
sentation under  the  Labour  Relations  Act 
to  a  professional  syndicate,  i.e.  an 
employee  organization  incorporated  under 
the  Professional  Syndicates  Act. 

In  considering  this  question  he  first 
looked  at  the  Labour  Relations  Act  to 
determine  the  scope  within  which  the 
legislation  was  conceived  and  enacted  and 
was  intended  to  be  administered.  In  his 
words,  the  object  is 

to  promote  the  reconciliation,  with  the 
least  waste,  and  by  rational  means,  of  the 
conflicting  interests  of  employers  and 
employees.  Indirectly  it  seeks  the  broader 
object  of  maintaining  confidence  and  faith 
of  the  community  in  itself  and  its  solidarity 
in  freedom  by  furnishing  means  for  reaching 
adjustments  between  those  who  employ  and 
those  employed  in  the  execution  of  the 
various  functions  of  our  complex  life. 

The  effect  of  revocation  would  be  to 
deprive     the    syndicate     of     its     right     to 


require  negotiation  by  the  employer  until, 
on  the  basis,  of  the  argument  submitted 
by  counsel  for  the  Board,  the  Board  in 
its  wisdom  thought  the  punishment  had 
been  sufficient  or  until  the  Association,  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  Board,  in  some  form 
or  other,  "had  purged  itself  of  its  sin". 
Until  then,  the  Association  would,  in  effect, 
be  outlawed.  Such  a  conception  could  not, 
in  his  view,  be  reconciled,  on  any  reason- 
able view  of  the  objects  of  the  statute, 
with  promoting  harmony  in  any  service  or 
work,  public  or  private. 

Further,  it  is  a  basic  rule  that  where  an 
Act  creates  an  offence  and  provides  a 
penalty  for  it,  that  penalty,  in  the  absence 
of  language  indicating  a  contrary  intent,  is 
to  be  presumed  to  be  the  only  punishment 
intended.  There  is  nothing  in  the  statute 
in  question  from  which  the  slightest 
implication  can  be  drawn  that  other  punish- 
ment was  intended;  but  the  Board  imposed 
other  and  severe  punishment. 

The  argument  that  the  strike  showed  the 
Association  not  to  be  a  group  that  seeks 
its  object  "with  respect  for  law  and 
authority",  as  in  the  definition  of  "asso- 
ciation", he  thought  could  not  be  taken 
seriously. 


Recent  Regulations,  Federal  and  Provincial 


General  increase  in  minimum  rates  made  in  Saskatchewan;  regulations 
under  province's  Mines  Regulation  Act  revised.  In  Manitoba,  annual 
fair  wage  schedule  for  construction  industry  is  issued.  Details  of 
procedure  for  payment  of  pensions  to  disabled  laid  down  in  Alberta 


Under  the  Saskatchewan  Minimum  Wage 
Act,  a  general'  increase  in  the  minimum 
rates  to  $26  and  $24.50  a  week  became 
effective  June  1;  the  coverage  of  the  Act 
was  extended  to  the  entire  province. 
Since  the  coverage  of  the  Hours  of  Work 
Act  and  the  Minimum  Wage  Act  is  the 
same,  hours  of  work  orders  were  revised  and 
reissued  to  make  provision  for  the  extension. 

Significant  changes  were  made  in  a  new 
revision  of  the  regulations  under  the 
Saskatchewan  Mines  Regulation  Act. 

In  Manitoba,  the  annual  fair  wage  schedule 
for  the  construction  industry  was  issued, 
establishing  higher  minimum  rates  of  pay. 


Regulations  made  under  the  recently 
proclaimed  Boiler  and  Pressure  Vessels 
Act  of  Ontario  set  out  qualifications  for 
certificates  of  competency  of  boiler  in- 
spectors and  the  procedure  for  registra- 
tion and  approval  of  designs  of  boilers, 
pressure  vessels  and  plants. 

Schedules  of  fees  for  the  examination  of 
building  plans  were  set  out  in  regulations 
under  the  Ontario  Factory,  Shop  and  Office 
Building  Act. 

Details  of  administrative  procedure  for 
the  payment  of  pensions  to  disabled  persons 
were  laid  down  in  Alberta. 


76944—6 


1179 


FEDERAL 

Department  ot  Veterans  Affairs  Act 

Disabled  veterans  employed  in  sheltered 
employment  workshops  operated  by  the 
Minister  of  Veterans  Affairs  are  deemed 
to  be  "employees"  within  the  meaning  of 
the  Government  Employees  Compensation 
Act  as  a  result  of  a  revision  of  the  Vetcraft 
Shops  Regulations  made  by  an  Order  in 
Council  (PC.  1953-502)  on  March  31  and 
gazetted  April  22.  Employees  in  Vetcraft 
Shops,  who  are  paid  at  wage  rates  recom- 
mended by  the  Minister  and  approved  by 
Treasury  Board,  will  receive  compensation 
for  injury  or  disablement  incurred  from 
their  employment  at  the  same  rate  as 
persons  employed  by  private  employers, 
according  to  the  terms  of  the  Workmen's 
Compensation  Act  of  the  province  in  which 
the  accident  occurs  or  the  disease  is 
contracted. 

The  other  provisions  of  the  regulations 
were  not  changed    (L.G.,   1951,  p.   1700). 

PROVINCIAL 
Alberta  Disabled  Persons'  Pensions  Act 

Regulations  under  the  Disabled  Persons' 
Pensions  Act  passed  at  the  1953  session  of 
the  Alberta  Legislature  have  been  issued 
laying  down  the  details  of  administrative 
procedure  under  the  Act,  which  provides 
for  the  payment  of  pensions  to  needy 
disabled  residents  of  the   province. 

The  Act  defines  a  "disabled  person"  as 
one  who  is  suffering  from  a  chronic 
disability  and  is  physically  unfit  for  gainful 
employment.  A  disability  is  considered 
chronic  when  a  person  has  suffered  from 
it  for  a  period  of  12  months  or  longer. 
The  pension,  not  to  exceed  $40  a  month, 
is  payable  to  a  disabled  person  who  is  at 
least  21  years  of  age  and  who  has  resided 
in  Alberta  for  the  10  years  immediately 
preceding  the  date  of  his  application  for  a 
pension,  provided  he  is  not  in  receipt  of 
certain  other  types  of  assistance,  such  as 
an  allowance  under  the  Blind  Persons  Act, 
and  provided  that  his  income,  including  the 
pension,  does  not  exceed  $720  a  year  if  he 
is  unmarried  or  $1,200  a  year  for  both  the 
recipient  and  his  wife  if  he  is  married. 
The  Act  came  in  force  on  June  1. 

Also  effective  on  that  date,  the  regula- 
tions, gazetted  April  30  and  approved  by 
O.C.  550-53,  provide  for  the  making  and 
investigation  of  applications  and  the  pay- 
ment of  pensions.  In  form  and  wording 
the  regulations  are  similar  to  those  pro- 
viding for  old  age  assistance  and  other 
pensions. 


A  person  who  has  attained  the  age  of  20 
years  and  eight  months  may  apply  for  the 
pension.  The  following  particulars  must 
be  given  in  the  application:  the  full  name 
of  the  applicant  (a  married  woman  must 
also  give  her  full  maiden  name) ;  the  place 
and  date  of  birth  of  the  applicant  and  his 
spouse;  his  present  address  and  the  place 
or  places  of  residence  during  the  10  years 
preceding  the  date  of  application;  the 
particulars  of  marital  status;  the  occupa- 
tion, income  and  means  of  subsistence  of 
the  applicant  and  spouse;  and  particulars 
of  any  real  or  personal  property  (apart 
from  household  furnishings  or  personal 
effects)  owned  by  the  applicant  or  spouse 
at  the  date  of  application  or  transferred  to 
any  person  during  the  preceding  five  years. 
The  application  must  be  supported  by  a 
statutory  declaration  that  all  statements 
made  are  true  and  that  no  information 
required  has  been  concealed  or  omitted. 

An  investigation  must  be  made  before 
the  Pensions  Board  may  grant,  suspend  or 
reinstate  a  pension  or  alter  the  rate  of  a 
pension.  The  regulations  set  out  the 
evidence  which  may  be  accepted  by  the 
Board  as  proof  of  age,  marital  status  and 
residence  and  outline  the  method  of  deter- 
mining income. 

The  Board  is  to  include  as  income  the 
pension  paid  under  the  Act,  any  assis- 
tance given  to  an  applicant's  spouse  under 
any  other  pension  legislation,  interest  from 
real  or  personal  property  and  the  value  of 
board  and  lodging  furnished  either  free  or 
for  a  nominal  charge.  The  amount  con- 
sidered as  income,  where  board  and  lodging 
are  supplied  free  or  for  a  nominal  sum,  may 
not  be  less  than  $10  a  month  for  lodging, 
$20  a  month  for  board,  or  $30  a  month  for 
board  and  lodging  for  a  single  person  and 
$15,  $30  and  $45,  respectively,  for  a 
married  couple. 

Temporary  absences  from  Alberta  which 
when  totalled  and  averaged  do  not  exceed 
60  days  a  year  are  not  considered  to  be 
interruptions  in  the  residence  in  Alberta 
of  the  applicant.  Certain  types  of  employ- 
ment outside  the  province  are  also  deemed 
to  be  equivalent  to  residence  in  Alberta. 
They  include  employment  on  ships,  trains 
and  fishing  boats,  seasonal  employment  for 
not  more  than  six  months  in  one  year, 
employment  by  a  Canadian  firm  or  by  the 
United  Nations  and  missionary  work,  pro- 
vided that,  in  any  of  these  cases,  the 
applicant  had  a  permanent  place  of  abode 
in  the  province  or  maintained  a  self- 
contained  domestic  establishment  there. 
Absence  from  Alberta  on  government  ser- 
vice or  with  the  Armed  Forces   (including 


1180 


war  service  with  an  ally  of  Canada)  is  also 
counted  as  residence  in  Alberta,  if  the 
applicant  returned  to  Alberta  when  his 
duties  abroad  ended. 

The  pension,  payable  at  the  end  of  each 
calendar  month,  is  to  be  suspended  while 
a  recipient  is  absent  from  Alberta;  but  the 
Board  may  pay  the  pension  for  any  period 
of  absence  less  than  92  days  in  the  year 
preceding  the  recipient's  return.  The 
pension  must  also  be  suspended  if  the 
recipient  is  in  prison  with  a  sentence  of 
more  than  30  days,  if  he  is  in  a  public 
mental  hospital,  or  if  he  does  not  comply 
with  the  Act  or  regulations.  An  amend- 
ment made  by  O.C.  671/53,  gazetted  May 
30,  requires  suspension  of  the  pension  if 
the  recipient  is  in  a  provincial  sanatorium 
or  other  public  institution. 

Any  increase  or  reduction  in  income  or 
real  property  of  a  recipient  or  his  wife 
must  be  reported  to  the  Board.  Authority 
is  given  to  the  Board  to  recover  any  sum 
improperly  paid  to  the  recipient. 

Alberta  Widows'  Pensions  Act 

The  Widows'  Pensions  Regulations  (L.G., 
1952,  p.  1103)  were  re-issued  without 
significant  change,  effective  from  April  1. 
The  new  regulations  were  approved  by 
O.C.  549-53  and  gazetted  April  30. 

The  Board  administering  the  Act  and 
regulations,  formerly  known  as  the  Old  Age 
Pensions  Board,  is  now  the  Pensions 
Board.  It  also  administers  the  Blind 
Persons  Act,  the  Old  Age  Assistance  Act, 
the  Supplementary  Allowances  Act,  and  the 
Disabled  Persons'  Pensions  Act.  With 
respect  to  administrative  procedure,  the 
Widows'  Pensions  Regulations  are  almost 
identical  with  the  Disabled  Persons'  Pen- 
sions Regulations  described  above. 

An  amendment  to  the  Widows'  Pensions 
Regulations,  gazetted  May  30  and  effective 
June  1,  makes  confinement  of  a  widow  to 
a  provincial  sanatorium  or  other  public 
institution  a  reason  for  suspending  pay- 
ment of  her  pension. 

British  Columbia  Electrical  Energy 
Inspection  Act 

New  schedules  of  fees  for  inspection 
services  have  been  issued  under  the  British 
Columbia  Electrical  Energy  Inspection  Act. 
In  all  but  a  few  cases,  the  fees  are  higher 
than  previously.  The  schedules  form  a 
part  of  the  regulations  under  the  Act  (L.G., 
1950,  p.  1064;  1951,  p.  244),  which  were 
re-issued  with  little  other  change  by  O.C. 
653  of  March  21,  gazetted  April  9.  These 
regulations  require  permits  for  electrical 
work  anywhere  in  the  province  and  provide 
for  the  inspection  of  all  such  work. 


British  Columbia  Hours  of  Work 
and  Minimum  Wage  Acts 

Commercial  travellers  in  British  Columbia 
are  now  exempt  from  the  operation  of  the 
Hours  of  Work  Act  and  the  Male  and 
Female  Minimum  Wage  Acts.  The  exemp- 
tion, provided  for  by  Hours  of  Work 
Regulation  No.  39  and  Minimum  Wage 
Regulation  No.  1,  took  effect  on  May  28. 

Amendments  to  the  Minimum  Wage 
Acts,  passed  during  the  1953  session  of  the 
Legislature,  authorized  the  Board  of  Indus- 
trial Relations  to  make  exemptions  for  the 
purpose  of  efficient  administration.  It  had 
been  found  impracticable  for  employers  to 
keep  the  required  daily  records  of  the 
wages  and  hours  of  these  employees. 

British  Columbia  Workmen's  Compensation  Act 

Work  in  a  prison  hospital  unit  is  now 
considered  employment  in  which  workers 
who  contract  tuberculosis  may  receive 
compensation  under  certain  conditions. 
The  change  in  the  schedule  of  industrial 
diseases,  gazetted  April  9,  was  made  and 
became  effective  April  1. 

To  be  eligible  for  compensation  for 
tuberculosis,  a  worker  in  a  prison  hospital 
unit  must  be  free  from  evidence  of  the 
disease  when  tuberculosis  became  an  indus- 
trial disease  applicable  to  him  under  the 
Act,  that  is,  on  April  1,  1953;  must  be 
free  from  the  disease  when  first  entering 
such  employment;  and  must  continue  to  be 
free  from  evidence  of  tuberculosis  for  six 
months  after  being  employed  unless  he  can 
show  by  means  of  a  negative  tuberculin 
test  that  he  was  free  from  tuberculosis 
infection  at  the  time  of  employment. 

Similar  places  of  employment  already 
covered  in  the  schedule  are  hospitals, 
sanatoria,  clinics,  the  British  Columbia 
Medical  Research  Institute,  and  a  public 
health  unit  of  the  provincial  Government, 
of  the  University  of  British  Columbia,  of 
any  municipality,  of  a  school  board,  or  of 
a  branch  of  the  Victorian  Order  of  Nurses. 

Manitoba  Fair  Wage  Act 

Fair  Wage  Schedule  for   1953-54 

The  annual  schedule  of  minimum  rates 
of  wages  and  maximum  hours  of  work 
prescribed  by  the  Fair  Wage  Board  for 
certain  public  and  private  construction  work 
in  Manitoba  (Reg.  11/53)  was  gazetted 
April  25  and  will  be  in  effect  from  May  1, 
1953,  to  April  30,  1954.  The  schedule  as 
regards  Zone  "A"  rates  and  hours  (Greater 
Winnipeg)  is  chiefly  based  on  provisions  of 
existing  collective  agreements. 

The  number  of  zones  for  which  differing 
rates  are  set  by  the  schedule  was  reduced 
from  three  to  two.     Zone  "A"  rates  apply 


76944— 6J 


1181 


to  public  and  private  work  in  Winnipeg 
and  a  30-mile  radius;  Zone  "B"  rates  apply 
to  public  work  elsewhere  in  the  province 
and  to  private  work  in  cities  and  towns 
with  a  population  of  more  than  2,000. 
These  cities  and  towns  are  now  listed  and 
include  Brandon,  Dauphin,  Flin  Flon, 
Minnedosa,  Neepawa,  Portage  la  Prairie, 
Steinbach,  Swan  River  and  The  Pas. 
Formerly,  the  schedule  set  rates  for 
Zone  "C",  which  applied  to  public  and 
private  work  in  Brandon,  now  included  in 
Zone  "B". 

"Public  work"  includes  public  works 
authorized  by  the  Minister  of  Public  Works 
for  the  execution  of  which  a  contract  has 
been  entered  into  between  the  Minister  and 
an  employer. 

"Private  work"  means  the  construction, 
remodelling,  demolition  or  repair  of  any 
building  or  construction  work  in  the 
Greater  Winnipeg  Water  District  or  of  any 
such  work,  irrespective  of  the  number  of 
contracts  made,  in  any  city  or  town  with  a 
population  exceeding  2,000,  or  in  any  other 
part  of  the  province  to  which  the  Act  may 
be  extended  by  the  Lieutenant-Governor  in 
Council,  provided  that  the  total  cost  of 
such  work  exceeds  $100. 

All  the  minimum  hourly  rates  in  Part  I 
of  the  schedule  were  raised  except  those 
for  bridge  and  structural  steel  and  iron 
workers;  linoleum  floor  layers;  and  persons 
employed  on  mastic  floor  work  as  kettle- 
men,  rubbers  and  finishers  and  spreaders 
and  layers.  The  increase  is  10  cents  an 
hour  in  most  cases. 


A  rate  of  $1.40  an  hour  is  set  for  the 
first  time  for  helpers  with  at  least  two 
years'  experience  assisting  journeymen  elec- 
trical workers  in  Zone  "A".  For  these 
workers,  a  maximum  48-hour  week  is  set. 

By  a  further  change,  lathers  working  on 
wood  and  wire  must  now  receive  the  higher 
rates  formerly  paid  only  to  metal  lathers. 
Previously,  these  workers  were  governed  by 
a  lower  rate  fixed  for  lathers  working  on 
material  other  than  metal. 

The  maximum  weekly  hours  in  all  cases 
remain  the  same  as  those  fixed  for  last 
year. 

In  Part  II  of  the  schedule  the  minimum 
rates  for  all  classes  of  workers  engaged  in 
public  road  and  bridge  works  in  those  parts 
of  the  province  outside  the  limits  of  the 
City  of  Winnipeg  were  raised  by  five  cents 
an  hour.  The  maximum  hours  for  which 
straight-time  rates  are  paid  over  each  two- 
week  period  remain  at  108. 

As  previously,  with  respect  to  overtime, 
it  is  provided  that  time  worked  in  excess 
of  the  standard  weekly  hours  listed  in  the 
schedule  must  be  paid  for  at  not  less  than 
time  and  one-half  the  minimum  scheduled 
rate  and  work  on  Sundays  must  be  paid  for 
at  double  time. 

The  schedule  also  notes  that  employers 
in  construction  work  in  Greater  Winnipeg 
are  required  to  affix  vacation-with-pay 
stamps  in  a  worker's  stamp-book  to  the 
extent  of  two  per  cent  of  the  total  wages 
earned  in  each  pay-period. 
The  schedule  follows: — 


FAIR  WAGE  SCHEDULE 

ZODTo1>,otha''ruuLPlwork''  and  "private  work",  as  above  defined,  Winnipeg  and  a  radius  of  thirty 
(30)  miles,  measured  from  the  intersection  of  Osborne  Street  and  Broadway. 

Z°ne(l)  To^publkwork'',  as  above  defined,  in  all  other  parts  of  the  Province  except  where  Zone 

(2)  To,',p?ivitePwork'»t  as  above  defined,  wherever  the  population  exceeds  2,000  except  where 

(3)  In°the  Town  of  Flin  Flon  the  minimum  basic  wage  rate  specified  in  Zone  "B"  applies  but  the 
maximum  hours  per  week  shall  in  all  cases  be  48. 

Schedule  "A"— Part  I 
The  following  schedule  shall  apply  from  and  after  May  1,  A.D.  1953,  on  "Private  Work"  and  on 
"Public  Works",  as  described  above: 


Occupation 


1.  Asbestos  Workers — 

(a)  Journeyman 

(b)  1st  Class  Improvers. 

(c)  2nd  Class  Improvers 

1182 


Zone  "A" 


Basic 
Wage 
Rate 

Minimum 
per  hour 


1.S0 
1.50 
1.35 


Hours 


Maximum 
per  week 


Zone  "B" 


Basic 
Wage 
Rate 

Minimum 
per  hour 


1.70 
1.45 
1.30 


Hours 


Maximum 
per  week 


48 
48 
48 


Schedule  "A"  Part  I — continued 

The  following  schedule  shall  apply  from  and  after  May  1,  A.D.  1953,  on  "Private  Work"  and  on 
'Public  Works",  as  described  above: 


Zone 

"A" 

Zone 

"B" 

Occupation 

Basic 
Wage 
Rate 

Minimum 
per  hour 

Hours 

Maximum 
per  week 

Basic 
Wage 
Rate 

Minimum 
per  hour 

Hours 

Maximum 
per  week 

% 

2.10 
1.90 
1.90 

City  of  B 
1.25 

1.90 

1.40 

Town  of 

1.92 

1.34 

1-25 
1.05 
1.70 

40 
40 
40 
randon 

48 

40 

40 

Flin  Flon 

40 

40 

48 
48 
40 

% 

1.95 
1.90 
1.75 
1.80 
1.20 

1.75 

1.75 
1.92 
1.34 

1.20 
1.00 

1.35 
1.00 
1.75 
.90 
.90 
1.10 

1.45 
1.45 

1.35 
1.15 

1.15 

1.15 
1.60 
1.70 
1.95 
1.60 
1.15 
1.00 

44 

3.  Bridge  and  Structural  Steel  and  Iron  Workers 

44 

4.  Carpenters  and  Millwrights 

44 

44 

5.  Cement  Finishers  (in  warehouse  or  large  floor  area  jobs) 

6.  Electrical  Workers  (inside  wiremen,  licensed  journey- 

men)   

48 
48 

Helpers  with  two  (2)  years  or  more  experience  assisting 

48 

7.  Elevator  Constructors  (passenger  and  freight) 

44 
44 

8.  Building  Labourers — 

(a)   Assisting  mechanics  in  the  setting  of  cut  stone, 
terra  cotta,  tile  and  marble,  bending  reinforcing 
materials,  mixing  mortar 

48 

(b)  General  Building  Labourers 

48 

9.  (a)  Lathers,  Wood,  Wire  and  Metal 

48 

10.  Linoleum  Floor  Layers 

1.05 

1.90 

.95 

.95 

1.15 

1.65 
1.65 

1.50 
1.25 

1.25 

1.25 

1.75 
2.10 
2.00 
1.25 
1.05 

48 
40 
48 
48 
48 

48 
48 

48 
48 

48 

48 

40 
40 
40 

40 
48 

48 

11.  Marble  Setters 

44 

48 

13.  Mastic  Floor  Rubbers  and  Finishers 

48 

14.  Mastic  Floor  Spreaders  and  Lavers 

48 

15.  Operating  Engineers  and  Firemen  on  Construction — 
Class  A:  Engineers  in  charge  of  hoisting  engines  of 
three   drums   or   more   operating   any   type   of 
machine,  or  operating  clam-shells  or  orange  peels, 
regardless  of  capacity;  or  operating  steam  shovels 
or   dragline  of  one  yard   capacity  or  over,   or 
operating  drop  hammer  pile  drivers;  in  all  cases 
irrespective  of  motive  power 

48 

Class   B:   Engineers   in   charge  of   hoisting   engines 
having  only  two  drums  or  a  single  drum,  used 
in  handling  building  material  or  steam  shovels 
and  draglines  not  specified  in  "A"  hereof;  irres- 
pective of  motive  power 

48 

Class  C:  Engineers  in  charge  of  any  steam  operated 
machine  not  specified  in  "A"  or  "B"  hereof;  or 
in  charge  of  a  steam  boiler  if  the  operation  of 
same  necessitates  a  licensed  engineer  under  the 
provisions  of  The  Steam  Boiler  Act  or  air  com- 
pressor delivering  air  for  the  operation  of  riveting 
guns  on  steel  erection  work,  or  pumps  in  caissons, 
or  trenching  machines  or  bull  dozers  over  size 
D4  or  equivalent;  irrespective  of  motive  power 

Class  D:  Men  firing  boilers  of  machines  classified  in 
"A",  "B"  or  "C"  hereof  or  assisting  Engineers 
in  charge  of  same 

48 
48 

Class  E:  Operators  operating  concrete  mixers  over 
\  yard  capacity  or  bull  dozers  up  to  and  includ- 
ing size  D4  or  equivalent;  irrespective  of  motive 
power 

48 

Class  F:   Operators   of  gas  or  electric .  engines  for 
machines  not  otherwise  specified  in  "A",  "B" 
or  "C"  hereof,  of  a  type  usually  operated  by 
skilled  laborers 

48 

Swing  Stage  and  Spray  Painters 

48 
48 

17.  Plasterers 

44 

18.  Journeymen  of  the  Plumbing  and  Pipefitting  Industry 
Helpers 

44 
44 

19.  Roofers— Mop  Handlers 

48 

1183 


Schedule  "A"  Part  I— continued 

The  following  schedule  shall  apply  from  and  after  May  1,  A.D.  1953,  on  "Private  Work"  and  on 
"Public  Works",  as  described  above: 


Occupation 


20. 


2G. 


Basic 
Wage 
Rate 

Minimurr 
per  hour 


Sewer  Construction  Work — 

(a)  Caisson  Workers 

(b)  Labourers 

(c)  Pipe  Layers 

(d)  Tunnellers 

Sheet  Metal  Workers 

Shinglers 

Stonecutters 

Stonemasons 

Terrazzo  and  Oxi-Chloride  Workers — 

(a)  Layers 

(b)  Machine  Rubbers  (Dry) 

(c)  Machine  Rubbers  (Wet) 

Tile  Setters  (including  all  clay  product  tile  and  Vitro- 

lite  Glass) 

Tile  Setters  (plastic,  metal,  asphalt,  rubber  and  lino 

tile) 

Timber  and  Crib   Men  working  on  grain  elevators  or 

bridges  doing  the   "crib  work"  on  grain  elevators, 

or  rough  timber  work  on  bridges 

Truck  drivers  (while  in  charge  of  truck  on  construction 

work  only) 

Watchmen 


Zone  "A" 


Hours 

Maximum 
per  week 


1.25 
1.05 
1.10 
1.10 
1.75 
1.50 
1.70 
2.10 


1.90 


1.40 


1.35 

1.25 
.80 


48 

48 

48 

48 

42| 

40 

44 

40 

40 

48 


Zone  "B" 


Basic 
Wage 
Rate 


Minim  __ 
per  hour 


um 


1.20 
1.00 
1.05 
1.05 
1.45 
1.40 
1.60 
1.95 

1.70 
1.20 
1.05 

1.75 

1.25 


1.35 
1.20 


Hours 

Maximum 
per  week 


44 


Ontario  Boilers  and  Pressure  Vessels  Act 

New  regulations  were  issued  under  Sec- 
tion 44  of  the  Boilers  and  Pressure  Vessels 
Act,  1951,  replacing  all  those  made  under 
the  previous  Act,  by  an  Order  in  Council 
O.  Reg.  44/53  made  on  April  2  and 
gazetted  April  18. 

New  sections  in  the  1951  Act  provide 
that  all  inspectors  of  boilers  and  pressure 
vessels,  including  those  of  boiler  insurance 
companies,  must  hold  certificates  of  com- 
petency and  require  the  design  of  a  boiler 
or  pressure  vessel  to  be  submitted  to  and 
approved  by  the  Chief  Inspector  before 
construction  is  begun.  The  Act  was  pro- 
claimed in  force  on  March  27,  1953.  The 
regulations  therefore  set  out  the  qualifica- 
tions of  inspectors,  and  the  procedure  for 
registering  designs  of  boilers  and  pressure 
vessels  and  plants.  They  also  specify  the 
type  of  identification  markings  which  must 
be  stamped  on  a  boiler  when  it  has  been 
registered  and  fix  the  fees  for  inspection. 

To  qualify  as  an  inspector  an  applicant 
must  be  at  least  25  years  old  and  have 
had  a  minimum  of  five  years'  experience  in 
one  or  a  combination  of  two  or  more  of 
the   following:    mechanical  engineering,   in- 


cluding designing,  constructing,  installing 
and  operating  boilers  and  pressure  vessels; 
steam  engineering;  or  inspection  of  high 
pressure  boilers.  If  the  applicant  holds  a 
degree  in  engineering  from  a  Canadian 
university,  the  period  of  experience 
required    is  reduced   to   three   years. 

Application  for  a  certificate  must  be  in 
writing  and  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
prescribed  fee. 

An  applicant  with  the  required  qualifi- 
cations who  passes  the  examinations  and 
tests  required  by  the  Minister  must  be 
granted  a  certificate  of  competency.  A 
certificate  of  competency  may  be  issued 
without  examination,  on  payment  of  the 
fee,  to  a  person  qualified  to  inspect  boilers 
and  pressure  vessels  in  another  province  or 
in  any  of  the  states  of  the  U.S.A. 

The  certificate  of  a  government  inspector 
remains  in  force  during  the  period  of  his 
appointment.  If  a  certificate  is  issued  to 
a  person  other  than  a  government  inspector, 
it  will  expire  on  the  first  Monday  in  March 
following  the  end  of  the  year  during  which 
it  is  issued  but  it  may  be  renewed  on 
payment  of  the  required  renewal  fee.  A 
penalty  is  provided  for  late  renewal  of 
certificates. 


1184 


Schedule  "A" — Part  II 

Public  Roads  and  Bridge  Works 

31.  The  following  schedule  shall  apply  from  and  after  May  1st,  1953,  on  Public  Works  for  highway, 
road,  bridge  or  drainage  construction  where  a  contract  has  been  entered  into  by  the  Minister  of 
Public  Works,  in  all  parts  of  Manitoba  outside  the  limits  of  the  City  of  Winnipeg. 


Occupation 

Basic  Wage 

Rate 
Minimum 
Per  Hour 

Maximum  hours  of 

straight  time 

rates  over  each 

two-week  period 

$1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.00 
1.25 
1.30 
1.00 
1.15 

.95 
1.00 
1.05 
1.15 
1.00 

.90 
1.15 
1.40 

1.10 
1.00 

.95 
1.00 

.75 

108 

33.  Asphaltic  Oil  Distributor  Driver 

108 

34.  Blade  Grader  (12  h.p.  and  over)  Operator 

108 
108 

108 

*37.  Dragline,  Shovel  and  Crane  Operator 

38.  Elevator  Grader  Operator 

39.  Engineer,  Stationary  Boiler 

40.  Laborers 

108 
108 
108 
108 

41.  Motor  Patrol  Operator 

108 

42.  Roller  Operator,  6-ton  and  over,  steel  wheels 

*43.  Scraper  and  Bull  Dozer  Operator 

108 
108 
108 

45.  Teamsters 

108 

108 

47.  Teamsters  and  Four-Horse  Teams 

48.  Timber  Men    (timber   work  where  use  of  hammers, 

saws,  axes  and  augers  only  are  required) 

108 

108 
108 

50.  Tractor  Operator,  under  50  h.p.  drawbar 

51.  Truck  Drivers 

52.  Watchman  and  Flagman 

108 
108 

53.  Where  due  to  emergency  or  inclement  weather,  less  than  108  hours  are  worked  in  any  two-week 
period  an  employer  may,  during  the  next  two- week  period  employ  his  employees  at  straight  time 
rates  for  as  many  hours  additional  to  the  regular  108  hours  as  have  been  lost  during  the  preceding 
two- week  period. 

54.  (1)  Where  a  new  employee  agrees  with  his  employer  to  prove  his  ability  to  operate  one  of  these 

machines  by  a  short  trial  period  at  a  probationary  rate,  not  later  than  the  date  upon  which 
the  employee  starts  work,  the  employer  shall  send  to  the  Department,  by  registered  mail,  a 
letter  signed  by  the  employee  and  the  employer,  certifying  that  for  a  probationary  period  not 
exceeding  30  day3,  a  rate  of  15c.  below  the  schedule  rate  has  been  agreed  upon. 

(2)  Subsection  (1)  is  applicable  only  to:  Concrete  Paver  Operator,  Dragline,  Shovel  and  Crane 
Operator,  Scraper  and  Bull  Dozer  Operator. 

*Probationarv  Rates. 


A  certificate  of  competency  may  be 
suspended  or  cancelled  if  the  inspector  is 
untrustworthy,  wilfully  negligent  in  making 
inspections  or  is  proved  to  have  knowingly 
falsified  an  inspection  report. 

An  application  for  registration  and 
approval  of  a  design  of  a  boiler,  pressure 
vessel  or  plant  must  be  made  by  the 
manufacturer  in  the  form  appended  to  the 
regulations  and  sent  to  the  Chief  Inspector 
accompanied  by  three  sets  of  drawings  and 
specifications  and  by  the  prescribed  fee. 
When  the  design  is  approved,  the  Chief 
Inspector  must  register  the  design,  assign 
to  it  a  registration  number  and  return  one 
set  of  drawings  stamped  "approved"  show- 


ing the  date  of  approval  and  the  regis- 
tration number.  If  the  Chief  Inspector 
does  not  approve  the  design,  he  must 
return  one  set  of  specifications  with  a 
memorandum  of  his  reasons  for  withhold- 
ing approval.  An  approved  design  may 
be  revised  by  the  owner  by  following  the 
same  procedure  as  for  a  new  design. 

The  Chief  Inspector  is  required  to  main- 
tain a  register  of  the  designs  of  all  boilers, 
pressure  vessels  and  plants  registered  under 
the  Act. 

All  boilers  and  pressure  vessels  which 
are  manufactured  from  a  registered  design 
must  have  an  identification  marking  not 
less  than  f  inch  high,  as  prescribed  in  the 


1185 


regulations,  stamped  into  the  boiler  plate 
in  a  conspicuous  place  or,  if  permitted  by 
the  Chief  Inspector,  a  metal  plate  bearing 
the  identification  markings  may  be  affixed 
to  the  boiler. 

Special  rules  are  laid  down  with  respect 
to  the  installation  of  refrigeration  equip- 
ment in  hockey,  skating  and  curling  rinks 
and  are  chiefly  designed  to  provide  pro- 
tection against  fire  and  dangerous  fumes 
when  certain  types  of  refrigerants  are  used. 

The  forms  to  be  used  for  inspection 
certificates  issued  for  a  boiler  under  con- 
struction, for  a  used  boiler  or  for  the 
annual  inspection,  and  for  a  certificate  of 
approval  permitting  operation  of  the  boiler 
or  pressure  vessel  until  its  annual  inspec- 
tion, are  included  in  the  regulations.  A 
table  of  fees  for  the  issue  of  certificates 
of  competency,  inspection  fees  and  fees  to 
be  paid  for  approval  of  designs  is  also  set 
out.  The  fee  for  the  annual  inspection  of 
boilers,  pressure  vessels  and  refrigeration 
plants  in  charitable  institutions,  as  defined 
in  the  regulations,  is  one-half  the  prescribed 
fee. 

Other  provisions  deal  with  the  expenses 
incurred  by  inspectors  in  making  an  in- 
spection which  in  certain  cases  must  be 
paid  by  the  manufacturer  or  owner  of  the 
boiler,  pressure  vessel  or  plant. 

Ontario  Factory,  Shop  and  Office  Building  Act 

One  of  the  amendments  to  the  Factory, 
Shop  and  Office  Building  Act  made  in  1953 
provided  for  the  payment  of  fees  for  the 
examination  of  building  plans  which  is 
required  by  Section  13  of  the  Act. 
Formerly,  such  plans  were  examined  free 
of  charge. 

The  fees  to  be  charged  for  examination 
and  approval  of  building  plans  or  plans  of 
alteration  for  any  factory  or  a  building 
over  two  storeys  in  height  which  is  to  be 
used  as  a  shop,  bakeshop,  restaurant  or 
office  building  are  now  set  out  by  Order 
in  Council  O.  Reg.  45/53  made  on  April  2 
and  gazetted  April  18.  The  fees  are  based 
on  the  estimated  cost  of  the  building  or 
alteration. 

If  the  estimated  cost,  as  approved  by  the 
Chief  Inspector,  is  not  more  than  $100,  no 
fee  will  be  charged;  if  the  cost  is  between 
$100  and  $1,000  the  fee  will  be  $3;  where 
the  cost  is  over  $1,000,  the  fee  will  be  $3 
plus  $1  for  each  additional  $1,000  or  fraction 
of  that  amount  in  excess  of  the  first  $1,000. 
The  maximum  fee  which  may  be  charged 
is  $5,000. 

The  application  form  for  approval  of 
drawings  and  specifications  is  appended  to 


the  regulations.  This  form  must  be  filled 
out  and  submitted  to  the  Chief  Inspector 
along  with  the  drawings  and  specifications, 
in  duplicate,  and  the  estimated  cost  of  the 
building. 

When  the  fees  have  been  paid,  the  plans 
are  examined  and,  if  approved  and  certi- 
fied, one  copy  is  returned  to  the  applicant, 
after  which  the  construction  or  alterations 
may  be  proceeded  with. 

Ontario  Workmen's  Compensation  Act 

Aerial-testing  or  flying  by  the  manufac- 
turer of  aeroplanes  was  removed  from  the 
list  of  industries  in  which  employers  are 
liable  to  contribute  to  the  Accident  Fund 
under  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act, 
by  O.  Reg.  47/53,  approved  on  April  2 
and  gazetted  April  18. 

Saskatchewan  Mines  Regulation  Act 

Continuing  the  trend  towards  more 
uniform  mine  safety  regulations  across 
Canada,  the  rules  governing  the  operation 
of  mines  under  the  Saskatchewan  Mines 
Regulation  Act  were  completely  revised. 
They  were  approved  by  Order  in  Council 
735/53   on  April  7  and  gazetted  April  25. 

The  new  rules  are  similar  to  legislation 
in  effect  in  Manitoba,  Ontario  and  the 
Yukon  and  Northwest  Territories.  New 
provisions  were  included  or  higher 
standards  imposed  with  respect  to  medical 
certificates,  mine  rescue  stations,  the  keep- 
ing of  mine  plans  and  other  records,  mine 
hoisting,  fire  protection,  and  the  operation 
of  quarries  and  metallurgical  works.  The 
rules  cover  all  mines  in  the  province  except 
coal  mines,  which  come  under  the  Coal 
Miners'  Safety  and  Welfare  Act.  Safety 
rules  for  petroleum,  natural  gas  and  oil 
operations  are  no  longer  included,  as  these 
were  removed  from  the  coverage  of  the  Act 
at  the  1953  session  of  the  Legislature. 
Regulations  covering  the  safe  operation  of 
such  undertakings  were  recently  issued 
under  the  Oil  and  Gas  Conservation  Act 
(L.G.,  April,  p.  591). 

The  regulations,  which  are  lengthy  and 
extensive,  are  organized  and  arranged 
under  25  subject  headings.  These  are: 
interpretation,  powers  and  duties,  pro- 
cedure re  fatal  accidents,  mine  rescue 
stations,  records  and  returns,  mine  plans, 
other  notices  and  information,  protection 
of  unused  workings,  medical  examinations, 
classifications  of  hoistmen,  general  safety 
regulations,  handling  water,  care  and  use  of 
explosives,  ladders  and  stairways,  general 
regulations  for  the  protection  of  workmen, 


1186 


shaft  sinking  equipment  and  practice, 
hoisting  equipment  and  practice,  records, 
signals,  haulage,  protection  from  machinery, 
steam  and  compressed  air,  use  of  elec- 
tricity, clay,  sand  and  gravel  pits  and 
quarries,  crushing  plants,  mills  and  metal- 
lurgical works. 

Many  of  the  new  provisions  are  designed 
to  provide  a  greater  measure  of  protection 
for  the  health  and  safety  of  workmen. 
These  are  set  out  below.  Other  new 
provisions,  which  are  mainly  of  a  technical 
nature,  establish  higher  standards  for  the 
operation  and  equipment  of  mines. 

Medical  Certificates 

As  a  precaution  against  silicosis,  new 
provisions,  similar  to  those  in  the  Ontario 
Mining  Act,  require  all  persons  working 
in  a  dust  exposure  occupation  to  hold  a 
medical  certificate.  "Dust  exposure  occu- 
pation" means  employment  underground,  in 
ore  or  rock-crushing  operations,  and  any 
other  occupation  at  the  surface  designated 
by  the  Chief  Inspector. 

An  initial  certificate  may  be  granted  to 
an  employee  who,  upon  being  examined 
by  a  doctor  before  commencing  employ- 
ment, is  found  to  be  free  from  diseases 
of  the  respiratory  organs  and  is  otherwise 
fit  for  employment  in  a  dust  exposure 
occupation.  Within  a  month  of  the  first 
anniversary  of  his  initial  certificate  the 
miner  must  again  be  examined  and  have 
his  certificate  endorsed.  In  a  year's  time 
(within  a  month  of  the  first  anniversary 
of  his  endorsed  certificate),  on  being 
examined  for  the  third  time  and  still 
found  free  of  respiratory  :  diseases,  the 
miner  will  be  granted  a  miner's  certificate 
good  for  one  year  and  renewable  after 
that  time  if  the  miner  passes  an  annual 
medical  examination. 

The  Chief  Inspector  may  exempt  persons 
from  being  required  to  hold  medical 
certificates  if,  in  his  opinion,  the  mine 
where  they  are  employed  does  not  contain 
silica  in  quantities  likely  to  cause  silicosis. 

As  before,  a  hoistman  who  operates  a 
hoist  which  carries  persons  is  required  to 
hold  a  medical  certificate.  The  regula- 
tions now  require  a  record  of  the  medical 
certificates  of  all  hoistmen  in  a  hoistroom 
to  be  kept  posted  showing  names  and  the 
date  of  the  last  certificate  issued  to  each. 

Hours  and  Minimum  Age 

With   respect    to    hours,    the    regulations 

state  that  hours  of  work  underground  must 

be  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the 

Hours  of  Work  Act.    Under  Hours  of  Work 


Order  O.C.  1019/53,  workers  in  mines  may 
work  up  to  48  hours  a  week  at  straight 
time  rates,  after  which  time  and  one-half 
must  be  paid.  The  regulations  also  limit 
the  hours  during  which-  a  workman  may 
operate  a  hoist  to  eight  in  any  consecutive 
24.  However,  a  hoistman  may  work  four 
hours  extra  when  another  is  absent  from 
duty,  and  extra  time  may  be  worked  in 
hoisting  and  lowering  men  at  the  beginning 
and  end  of  each  shift  in  a  mine  where  the 
work  is  not  carried  out  continuously  on 
three  shifts  a  day. 

The  minimum  age  for  a  person  oper- 
ating a  hoist  in  which  persons  are  carried 
is  now  21  years  and  the  former  minimum 
of  18  years  now  applies  only  to  operators 
of  other  types  of  hoists. 

Welfare  Provisions 

With  regard  to  sanitation,  the  regula- 
tions now  require  one  sanitary  conveni- 
ence for  every  25  men  or  less  on  any  shift 
of  workers  underground,  and  one  sanitary 
convenience  and  one  urinal  for  every  25 
men  or  less  on  any  shift  employed  on  the 
surface.  Where  women  are  employed,  one 
toilet  for  every  15  or  less  must  be 
provided. 

In  any  case  where  men  are  employed 
underground  or  in  a  hot  or  dusty  surface 
occupation,  accommodation  for  drying  and 
changing  clothes  and  supplies  of  warm  and 
cold  water  must  be  provided  above  ground 
near  the  principal  mine  entrance.  Pre- 
viously, this  was  required  only  if  more 
than  10  persons  were  ordinarily  employed 
below  ground  each  day. 

A  protective  hat  must  be  worn  not  only 
by  anyone  employed  underground  but  by 
any  workmen  in  any  place  in  a  pit  or 
quarry  designated  by  an  inspector. 

Mine  Rescue  Stations 
Mine  rescue  stations  must  be  established 
in  such  places  in  the  province  as  the 
Minister  of  Mines  may  direct.  He  must 
appoint  a  person  to  be  in  charge  of  the 
station  and  to  train  rescue  crews  and 
supervisors  in  the  use  and  maintenance  of 
mine  rescue  equipment.  Mines  in  areas 
where  there  is  no  mine  rescue  station  must 
be  equipped  with  such  rescue  apparatus  as 
the  Chief  Inspector  may  direct.  The 
manager  is  responsible  for  the  supervision 
of  all  mine  rescue  crews  unless  an  inspector 
directs  otherwise. 

Where  fire  occurs  and  the  services  of 
mine  rescue  stations  are  required,  the 
owner,  manager  or  superintendent  must 
immediately  notify  the  Rescue  Superin- 
tendent and  the  Chief  Inspector. 


76944—7 


1187 


Fire  Protection 

As  regards  fire  protection,  the  manager 
must  draw  up  the  general  procedure  to  be 
followed  in  case  of  fire  underground,  in  any 
mine  plant  building,  or  in  surface  buildings. 
All  persons  concerned  must  be  kept  in- 
formed of  their  duties  and  notice  of  the 
procedure  must  be  kept  posted  in  the  shaft- 
house,  hoistroom  and  other  prominent 
places.  No  person  may  build  a  fire  under- 
ground unless  authorized  to  do  so  and  only 
after  the  necessary  fire-fighting  equipment 
has  been  provided. 

No  person  may  smoke  or  use  open  flame 
lamps  in  any  area  designated  by  the  Chief 
Inspector  as  a  fire  hazard  area.  The 
manager  must  maintain  suitable  signs  in 
such  an  area. 

Where  the  Chief  Inspector  recommends 
to  the  Minister  that  a  connection  between 
mines  be  made  and  equipped  as  a  refuge 
station,  a  committee,  consisting  of  a  rep- 
resentative of  each  of  the  mining  companies 
concerned  and  a  mining  engineer  recom- 
mended by  the  Chief  Inspector  as  chairman, 
is  to  be  appointed  to  investigate  the 
matter.  On  the  recommendation  of  the 
committee  and  with  the  approval  of  the 
Minister,  the  Chief  Inspector  may  order 
the  connection  and  refuge  station  to  be 
established. 

A  new  section  provides  that  all  plant 
buildings  where  men  are  regularly 
employed,  except  those  used  for  explosives, 
must  have,  in  addition  to  the  main 
entrance,  adequate  auxiliary  exits  which 
must  be  ready  for  use  in  case  of  fire. 

Where  persons  are  employed  under- 
ground, there  must  be  a  system  of  check- 
ing in  and  out  those  underground. 

If  there  is  a  non-continuous  shift  oper- 
ation, the  oncoming  shift  must  be  warned, 
before  beginning  work,  of  any  abnormal 
conditions  affecting  safety  by  means  of  a 
written  record  signed  by  a  responsible 
person  from  the  off-going  shift  and  counter- 
signed by  the  corresponding  responsible 
person  on  the  oncoming  shift. 

Special  Safety   Rules  for  Gravel  Pits, 
Quarries   and   Metallurgical   Works 

No  person  may  work  near  the  pit  wall 
of  a  gravel  pit  or  quarry  until  it  has  been 
found  safe  by  the  pit  foreman.  Men 
working  on  the  wall  must  wear  a  life  line, 
securely  snubbed  above  the  working  place 
or  held  taut  by  one  or  more  fellow  work- 
men. When  a  load  is  being  hoisted  or 
lowered,  the  signalman  must  clear  the  area. 
Unless  the  movement  of  the  hoist  is 
visible  to  the  hoistman  at  all  times,  a  suit- 
able signal  system  with  signals  approved  by 


the  inspector  must  be  installed.  Adequate 
lighting,  safe  footing  and  sufficient  room 
must  be  provided  for  all  workmen  required 
to  work  about  machinery. 

In  a  mill  or  metallurgical  works,  no 
person  may  enter  a  storage  bin  from  which 
material  is  drawn  off  at  the  bottom,  unless 
a  second  person  is  in  constant  attendance 
and  precautions  are  taken  against  the 
danger  of  caving  material.  The  owner  or 
manager  must  provide  life  lines,  and  work- 
men must  wear  them  continually  when  the 
interests  of  safety  demand  it.  If  the 
inspector  is  of  the  opinion  that  working 
platforms  in  or  at  bins  should  be  used, 
they  must  be  provided  and  maintained  in 
a  safe  working  condition.  At  all  furnaces 
of  the  hand-filled  type,  the  room  at  the 
furnace  top  where  workmen  are  engaged 
must  be  adequately  ventilated.  A  stair- 
way equipped  with  a  handrail  must  be 
provided  from  the  top  of  the  furnace  to 
the  ground  level.  When  a  workman  is 
required  to  go  above  the  casting  floor,  he 
must  notify  the  foreman  or  person  in 
charge  who  must  make  sure  that  another 
workman  is  in  attendance  outside  the 
gaseous  area  to  give  the  alarm  and  render 
assistance  in  case  of  danger.  Com- 
munication by  telephone,  gong  or  other 
mechanical  means  must  be  maintained 
between  the  furnace  top  and  other 
dangerous  places  and  the  casthouse  or 
other  place  where  workmen  are  contin- 
uously on  duty. 

Inspection 

As  regards  mine  inspection  generally, 
inspectors  are  now  expressly  required  to 
notify  the  mine  owner  or  agent  in  writing 
of  any  dangerous  practice  or  defective 
equipment  and  to  set  a  time  within  which 
the  danger  must  be  removed.  He  may 
a]so  order  the  immediate  cessation  of  work 
and  the  departure  of  all  persons  from  any 
mine  or  part  of  a  mine  which  he  con- 
siders unsafe. 

The  requirements  for  inspecting  hoists 
and  testing  the  safety  equipment  were 
made  more  stringent.  The  owner  or 
manager  of  a  mine  where  a  hoist  is  in  use 
must  appoint  a  competent  person  to 
inspect  the  shaft  at  least  once  a  week, 
and  at  least  once  a  month  to  examine 
thoroughly  the  guides,  timber,  walls  and 
hoisting  equipment  generally.  A  shaft 
inspection  record  book  must  be  kept  for 
each  shaft  and  a  record  made  of  every 
examination. 

A  shaft  conveyance  must  be  equipped 
with  safety  catches  and  mechanism  of  an 


1188 


approved  type.  Before  a  shaft  convey- 
ance so  equipped  is  first  used,  or  is  again 
put  into  use  after  alteration  or  repairs  to 
safety  catch  mechanism  have  been  made, 
a  test  must  be  made  and  the  catches  and 
mechanism  must  be  found  to  function 
according  to  the  requirements  of  the 
inspector.  If  the  inspector  deems  it 
necessary,  he  may,  after  consultation  with 
the  manager,  conduct  specific  tests  of  the 
efficiency  of  the  safety  devices  on  the 
hoist  equipment. 

New  provisions  with  respect  to  steam 
boilers  and  air  receivers  require  them  to 
be  inspected  at  least  once  a  year  by  a 
boiler  inspector  of  the  Department  of 
Labour.  The  inspection  report  must  be 
forwarded  to  the  Chief  Inspector  and  the 
inspection  certificate  must  be  posted  in 
the  boiler  room  at  all  times.  Every  steam 
boiler  must  be  equipped  with  a  proper 
safety  valve,  steam  gauge  and  water  gauge 
showing  the  pressure  of  the  steam  and  the 
height  of  the  water  in  each  boiler. 

Records  and  Mine  Plans 
The  mine  owner  or  manager  is  now 
required  to  keep  additional  or  more  com- 
plete records  and  mine  plans.  A  hoist- 
man's  log  book  must  now  be  kept  at 
every  shaft  or  winze  hoist  and  entries  are 
to  be  made  regarding  working  conditions, 
tests,  stoppages,  etc.  A  rope  record  book 
must  also  be  kept  containing  a  record  of 
the  testing  of  the  hoisting  rope  and  other 
required  data.  Where  electric  hoists  are 
used,  a  weekly  examination  of  the  hoist 
motor  and  control  and  safety  devices  must 
be  carried  out  and  a  report  entered  in 
the  electrical  hoisting  equipment  record 
book. 

Before  January  15  of  each  year  the 
owner  or  agent  must  send  to  the  Depart- 
ment a  return  for  the  preceding  year 
showing  the  number  employed  above  and 
below  ground,  classifications,  wage  and 
hour  statistics,  quantity,  value  and  weight 
of  minerals  sold  during  the  year  and  other 
particulars  required  by  the  Minister.  If 
required,  the  owner  or  agent  of  a  metal- 
liferous mine  must  report  monthly  or 
quarterly. 

The  owner  or  manager  is  now  required 
to  keep  up-to-date  plans  of  the  surface, 
underground  workings,  vertical  mine  sec- 
tions and  ventilating  system  of  the  mine. 

Saskatchewan  Minimum  Wage  Act 

Extension  of  Coverage 

The  Minimum  Wage  Act  of  Saskat- 
chewan has  been  extended  to  apply  to  the 


entire  province.  Originally  applied  to  the 
cities,  and  from  time  to  time  extended 
both  as  to  geographical  area  and  occupa- 
tions covered,  the  Act  has  since  March  1, 
1952,  applied  to  all  occupations  except 
farming  and  domestic  service  in  private 
homes  in  the  cities,  towns  and  villages 
with  300  or  more  persons,  to  five  specified 
summer  resorts,  and  to  any  area  in  the 
province  where  mining,  logging,  lumbering 
and  factory  operations  are  carried  on. 

The  two  orders  designated  by  the  letters 
"A"  and  "B"  (L.G.,  1952,  p.  468),  which  set 
out  the  geographical  areas  and  occupations 
covered  by  the  Act,  were  replaced  by 
Orders  "C"  and  "D",  which  were  approved 
by  Orders  in  Council  654/53  and  653/53, 
respectively,  on  March  24  and  gazetted 
April  4. 

The  new  Order  "C"  states  that  the  Act 
is  extended  to  all  portions  of  the  province 
other  than  the  cities.  Order  "D",  which 
makes  no  change  as  to  the  occupations 
covered,  provides  that  the  Act  will  apply 
to  all  industries,  businesses,  trades  and 
occupations,  except  agriculture  and  domestic 
service  in  private  homes,  in  the  area 
covered  by  Order  "C". 

The  change  in  coverage  became  effective 
April  13. 

New  Revision  of  Minimum  Wage  Orders 
'Revised  minimum  wage  orders,  approved 
by  Orders  in  Council  847-855/53  on  April 
17  and  gazetted  May  1,  went  into  effect 
on  June  1,  raising  the  minimum  wage  to 
$26  a  week  in  the  eight  cities  and  nine 
larger  towns,  and  to  $24.50  a  week  in  the 
remainder  of  the  province.  Hourly  part- 
time  rates  were  increased  by  five  cents  an 
hour.  The  last  general  increase  in  rates 
was  made  in  1951  (L.G.,  1951,  p.  841)  when 
the  minimum  was  raised  to  $24  and  $21.50. 
The  only  workers  excepted  from  the 
orders  are  agricultural  workers;  domestic 
servants  in  private  homes;  firemen  (who 
are  covered  by  the  Fire  Departments 
Platoon  Act) ;  employees  of  rural  munici- 
palities employed  solely  on  road  main- 
tenance and  workers  engaged  in  the 
construction  of  highways;  student  nurses, 
laboratory  technicians  and  X-ray  techni- 
cians whose  wages  and  working  conditions 
are  fixed  by  regulations  under  the  Hospital 
Standards  Act;  cooks  and  cookees  employed 
by  boarding  car  contractors  and  in  cook 
cars  operated  by  highway  construction 
contractors;  and  persons  employed  solely 
in  a  managerial  capacity. 

There  are  now  eight  orders  instead  of 
ten.  The  only  changes  in  coverage  are 
that  Orders  3  and  4,  which  formerly  applied 


76944—71 


1189 


co  1*51  smaller  places  (over  300  in  popula- 
tion), now  apply,  as  a  result  of  the  exten- 
sion of  the  Minimum  Wage  Act  noted 
above,  to  the  entire  province  outside  the 
cities  and  nine  larger  towns.  The  former 
Order  9,  which  applied  to  five  specified 
summer     resorts,     and     Order     10,     which 

Coverage 
Order  No.  1: 

All    employees    (except    those    under    Order 
No.  2)    in,  and  within  a  five-mile  radius 
of,  the  cities  and  nine  larger  towns. 
Order  No.  2: 

All  employees  in  hotels,  restaurants,  educa- 
tional  institutions,  hospitals  and  nursing 
homes   in,    and   within   a   five-mile   radius 
of,  the  cities  and  nine  larger  towns. 
Order  No.  3: 

All    employees    (except    those    under    Order 
No.  4)   in  the  remainder  of  the  province. 
Order  No.  4: 

All^  employees  in  hotels,  restaurants,  educa- 
tional  institutions,  hospitals   and  nursing 
homes  in  the  remainder  of  the  province. 
Order  No.  5: 

Long-distance  truckers. 

Order  No.  6: 

Janitors      and     caretakers     in     residential 
buildings. 
Order  No.  7: 

All  employees  in  logging  and  lumbering. 


applied  to  mines  and  factories  in  areas 
outside  centres  of  300  or  more  population, 
were  repealed.  Workers  in  these  work- 
places now  come  under  Orders  3  and  4. 

The  coverage  of  the  eight  orders  and 
the  minimum  wage  set  by  each  are  as 
follows: — 

Minimum  Wage 

Full-time  $26  a  week. 
Part-time  70  cents  an  hour. 


Full-time  $20  a  week. 
Part-time  70  cents  an  hour. 


Full-time  $24.50  a  week. 
Part-time  60  cents  an  hour. 

Full-time  $24.50  a  week. 
Part-time  60  cents  an  hour. 


2 J  cents  a  mile  or 

75  cents  an  hour,  whichever  is  greater. 

Full-time  $33  a  week. 
Part-time  70  cents  an  hour. 

70  cents  an  hour. 

For  cooks,  cookees,  bull  cooks  and  watch- 
men, $135  a  month. 

Full-time  $26  a  week. 
Part-time     (cities)     70    cents    an    hour; 
(elsewhere)   65  cents  an  hour. 

Except  with  respect  to  janitors  and  caretakers  in  residential  buildings,  full-time 
employees  are  those  who  work  36  hours  or  more  in  a  week.  For  janitors  and  caretakers, 
the  full-time  work-week  is  48  hours  or  more. 


Order  No.  8: 

Employees  in  places  of  amusement  (theatres, 
dance  halls,  rinks,  bowling-alleys,  etc.) 


While  the  same  minimum  wage  is  fixed 
for  hotels,  restaurants,  educational  institu- 
tions, hospitals  and  nursing  homes  as  for 
other  work  places,  separate  orders  are  made 
for  workers  in  hospitals,  hotels,  restaurants, 
etc.,  because  of  the  special  conditions  laid 
down  by  the  Board  for  the  workers  in 
these  establishments.  These  conditions 
include  a  different  requirement  for  pay  for 
work  on  a  public  holiday  (in  addition  to 
the  regular  daily  wage,  wages  at  the 
regular  rate  or  equivalent  time  off  with 
pay  within  four  weeks) ;  a  minimum  age 
of  16  years;  a  prohibition  of  deductions 
for  provision,  repair  or  laundering  of 
uniforms  where  these  are  required  by  the 
employer;  maximum  deductions  for  board 
and/or  lodging;  regulation  of  time  allowed 
for  meals;  and  the  requirement  that  hours 
must  be  confined  within  a  12-hour  period 
in  a  day  and  no  employee  required  to 
report  for  duty  more  than  three  times  in 
the  12-hour  period.  A  special  provision 
relating  to  women  workers  forbids  a  woman 
worker  to  begin  or  finish  work  at  any  time 


between  12.30  a.m.  and  6  a.m.  She  may, 
however,  work  until  1.30  a.m.  if  free  trans- 
portation to  her  home  is  furnished  by  the 
employer.  No  change  was  made  in  any  of 
these  provisions  in  the  revision  of  the 
orders. 

As  noted  above,  the  general  increase 
provided  for  by  Orders  1  and  2  was  from 
S24  to  S26  in  the  province's  eight  cities— 
Regina,  Saskatoon,  Moose  Jaw,  Prince 
Albert,  North  Battleford,  Swift  Current, 
Weyburn  and  Yorkton — and  in  the  towns 
of  Canora,  Estevan,  Humboldt,  Kamsack, 
Lloydminster,  Melfort,  Melville,  Nipawin 
and  Shaunavon.  The  increase  in  the  full- 
time  minimum  set  by  Orders  3  and  4  for 
the  remainder  of  the  province  was  from 
$21.50  to  $24.50. 

For  long-distance  truckers  who  regularly 
travel  in  the  course  of  their  duties  to  two 
or  more  cities,  towns  or  villages  at  least 
10  miles  apart  the  increase  allowed  was 
five  cents  an  hour.  Their  former  minimum 
was  2£  cents  a  mile  or  70  cents  an  hour. 


1190 


Janitors  and  caretakers  in  residential 
buildings  must  now  receive  at  least  $33  a 
week,  an  increase  of  $2.50  a  week  over 
their  former  minimum  of  $30.50. 

In  the  lumbering  and  logging  industry, 
which  includes  river  driving,  rafting,  boom- 
ing and  cutting  and  any  factory  in  con- 
nection with  these  operations,  the  increase 
in  the  general  minimum  rate  was  from  65 
to  70  cents  an  hour.  Cooks,  cookees,  bull 
cooks  and  watchmen  were  granted  a  $10 
increase,  from  $125  to  $135  a  month.  If 
meals  and  lodging  are  furnished,  the 
employer  may  deduct  not  more  than  $1.60 
a  day  from  the  employee's  wages  (formerly 
$1.50). 

Persons  employed  in  amusement  places 
are  now  subject  to  a  minimum  rate  of 
$26,  an  increase  of  $2  over  their  former 
rate. 

Certain  other  increases  were  also  pro- 
vided for.  The  minimum  rates  for 
messengers  on  foot  or  bicycle  in  the  cities 
and  larger  towns  were  raised  from  $15  to 
$16  a  week  or  from  45  to  50  cents  an 
hour  if  they  work  part-time.  Elsewhere 
in  the  province  they  must  now  receive  $14 
instead  of  $13  a  week  and  45  cents  an  hour 
instead  of  40  cents  for  part-time  work. 
The  minimum  rate  for  full-time  employees 
who  drive  horse-drawn  or  motor  vehicles 
was  increased  from  $27  to  $29  a  week  and 
for  part-time  employees  from  65  to  70 
cents  an  hour. 

As  before,  the  orders  provide  that  a 
part-time  worker  must  receive  at  least 
three  hours'  pay  at  his  minimum  rate  for 
each  occasion  on  which  he  is  asked  to 
report  for  duty  whether  or  not  he  is 
required  to  work  for  three  hours.  Janitors 
and  caretakers  (other  than  those  employed 
in  residential  buildings,  who  are  under 
Order  No.  6)  and  students  employed  out- 
side school  hours  must  be  paid  the 
minimum  part-time  rate  but  are  not 
subject  to  the  three-hour  minimum  appli- 
cable to  other  part-time  workers.  Part- 
time  workers  in  amusement  places  in  any 
part  of  the  province  other  than  the  cities 
are  not  subject  to  the  three-hour  minimum. 

A  change  in  the  provisions  of  the  orders 
dealing  with  payment  for  eight  specified 
public  holidays  (New  Year's  Day,  Good 
Friday,  Victoria  Day,  Dominion  Day, 
Labour  Day,  Thanksgiving  Day,  Remem- 
brance Day  and  Christmas  Day)  makes  it 
clear  that,  when  Christmas  Day  and  New 
Year's  Day  fall  on  Sunday,  the  following 
day  is  to  be  observed  as  a  holiday  and 
paid  for  according  to  the  requirements  laid 
down  in  the  orders.  Similarly,  when  the 
Monday    following    Remembrance    Day    is 


declared  a  holiday,  the  holiday  provisions 
apply  to  the  Monday  and  not  to  November 
11.  The  change  is  in  line  with  a  1953 
amendment  to  the  Act. 

A  provision  formerly  contained  in  Order 
No.  8  covering  places  of  amusement  and 
left  out  in  the  1952  revision  was  again 
added  to  the  Order.  It  permits  the  Chair- 
man of  the  Minimum  Wage  Board  to 
exempt  an  employer  from  the  requirement 
that  all  employees  be  at  least  16  years 
of  age. 

Saskatchewan  Hours  of  Work  Act 

New  Revision  of  Orders 

The  extension  of  the  coverage  of  the 
Minimum  Wage  Act  and  therefore  of  the 
Hours  of  Work  Act,  since  its  application 
is  the  same,  made  necessary  the  revision 
of  the  orders  under  the  Hours  of  Work 
Act.  These  orders,  last  revised  on  March 
1,  1952  (L.G.,  1952,  p.  465)  grant  complete 
or  partial  exemption  from  the  requirement 
laid  down  by  the  Act,  that  time  and  one- 
half  the  regular  rate  must  be  paid  for  work 
done  after  eight  hours  in  a  day  or  after  44 
hours  in  a  week.  One  order  grants  com- 
plete exemption  from  the  Act  to  certain 
groups.  Others  relax  the  overtime  require- 
ment by  permitting  a  48-hour  week  to  be 
worked  before  overtime  is  payable  or  by 
allowing  the  44-hour  week  to  be  averaged 
over  a  period  of  time,  usually  a  month. 

Of  the  eleven  1952  orders,  eight  were 
re-issued  without  change.  These  apply  to 
oil  truck  drivers;  garages  and  service 
stations ;  poultry  processing  plants, 
creameries  and  stock  yards;  public  trans- 
portation in  Regina;  skating  rinks  in 
Saskatoon;  swimming  pools  in  Regina; 
chartered  accountants ;  and  newspaper  work. 

The  order  removing  certain  groups  from 
the  Act  (including  doctors  and  lawyers, 
seasonal  workers,  delivery  men,  caretakers, 
and  long  distance  truckers)  was  revised  to 
add  further  exemptions  and  to  remove 
from  the  list  workers  in  five  specified 
summer  resorts. 

The  two  remaining  orders  were  revised 
and  one  new  order  covering  offices  was 
issued,  bringing  the  total  number  of  new 
orders  to  12.  (A  thirteenth  order  repeals 
the  1952  orders.)  These  three  set  out 
overtime  requirements  for  the  smaller 
centres  of  the  province  and  for  the  first 
time  include  places  under  300  in  population. 

The  new  orders,  all  effective  on  June  1,. 
were  gazetted  May  1,  with  the  exception 
of  O.C.  1019/53,  which  was  gazetted  May 
22.     The   orders  are  as  follows: — 

O.C.  857/53 — As  before,  grants  com- 
plete exemption  from   the  Act  for  doctors 


1191 


and  internes,  lawyers  and  law  students, 
country  cream  pick-up  drivers  whose  wages 
are  not  less  than  $150  per  month,  retail 
milk  and  bread  salesmen,  employees 
delivering  carbonated  beverages  to  retail 
outlets,  highway  and  pipeline  construction 
workers,  airport  construction  workers, 
workers  in  the  logging  industry  (except 
office  employees  and  workers  in  sawmills 
and  planing  mills),  employees  in  fish- 
filleting  plants,  long-distance  truckers,  and 
janitors  in  buildings  used  for  residential 
purposes.  Newly  exempted  from  the  Act 
are:  (1)  any  occupation,  other  than  office 
work,  in  connection  with  the  construction 
of  any  irrigation  project  under  the  Water 
Rights  Act;  (2)  any  occupation,  other  than 
office  work,  in  connection  with  the  geo- 
physical and  seismographical  industry;  and 
(3)  the  occupation  of  a  cook,  cookee,  bull 
cook  or  watchman  in  the  logging  industry. 
Employees  in  the  summer  resorts  of  Carlyle 
Lake,  Kenosee  Lake,  Katepwe,  Regina 
Beach,  and  Waskesiu  are  no  longer  exempt. 

O.C.  858/53 — Authorizes  an  arrange- 
ment by  which  weekly  hours  of  oil-truck 
drivers  in  excess  of  44  during  the  busy 
season  may  be  offset  by  any  lesser  number 
of  hours  than  44  worked  in  the  slack  season, 
and  provides  for  payment  of  overtime  on 
a  yearly  basis. 

O.C.  859/53 — Permits  a  nine-hour  day 
and  48-hour  week  in  garages  and  service 
stations  in  cities,  without  payment  of 
overtime. 

O.C.  860/53 — Permits  a  nine-hour  day, 
without  payment  of  overtime,  and  permits 
the  44-hour  week  to  be  averaged  over  a 
month  for  workers  in  creameries  in  cities, 
in  poultry  processing  plants  in  centres  of 
more  than  3,500  population,  and  in  stock- 
yards. 

O.C.  861/53— Permits  employees  in  any 
occupation  in  connection  with  public  trans- 
portation in  Regina  to  work  nine  hours  in 
a  day  and  192  hours  in  a  month  without 
overtime.  After  these  limits,  time  and  one- 
half  must  be  paid. 

O.C.  862/53— Permits  the  44-hour  week 
to  be  averaged  over  a  month  between 
November  1  and  March  31  of  each  year 
for  employees  of  the  Saskatoon  Play- 
grounds Association  engaged  in  maintaining 
or  assisting  in  maintaining  skating  rinks. 

O.C.  863/53 — Permits  employees  of 
swimming  pools  operated  by  the  City  of 
Regina  to  work  up  to  88  hours  in  a  two- 
week  period,  without  payment  of  overtime, 
between  May  15  and  September  15  in  any 
year. 

O.C.  864/53— Exempts  chartered 
accountants    and    students    in    accountancy 


from  the  overtime  requirements  of  time 
and  one-half  after  44  hours  in  a  week 
while  they  are  employed  in  any  city,  town 
or  village  in  which  there  is  no  office  of  a 
practising  public  accountant. 

O.C.  1019/53 — Permits  employees  in 
any  place  of  employment  in  the  nine  larger 
towns  and  131  other  towns  and  villages  of 
300  and  more  population,  except  those 
employed  in  factories,  shops  and  offices,  to 
work  up  to  48  hours  a  week  before  over- 
time must  be  paid.  This  provision, 
unchanged  from  the  previous  order,  applies 
for  one  year  (June  1,  1953  to  May  31,  1954) 
in  the  above-mentioned  places.  The  same 
provision  now  applies  for  the  first  time  and 
for  an  indefinite  period  to  areas  with  fewer 
than  300  inhabitants. 

O.C.  866/53 — Permits  the  44-hour  week 
to  be  averaged  over  a  month  for  editorial 
writers,  reporters,  advertising  men  and 
supervisors  of  delivery  boys  employed  by 
daily  newspapers  in  cities. 

O.C.  867/53 — Permits  employees  in 
shops  in  cities  with  fewer  than  10,000 
persons,  in  the  nine  larger  towns  and  in 
48  other  listed  towns  and  villages  (with 
more  than  500  persons)  to  work  up  to  11 
hours  on  one  day  of  the  week,  without 
payment  of  overtime,  provided  that  over- 
time is  payable  after  eight  hours  on  other 
days  and  after  44  hours  in  a  week.  Permits 
shop  employees  in  83  smaller  towns  and 
villages  (for  the  period  between  June  1, 
1953  and  May  31,  1954)  and  in  places  with 
fewer  than  300  persons  (for  an  indefinite 
period)  to  work  up  to  48  hours  in  a  week 
before  overtime  must  be  paid.  The  provi- 
sions of  the  order  are  new  only  with  respect 
to  the  areas  with  less  than  300  population. 

O.C.  868/53 — Permits  office  employees 
in  places  with  less  than  500  inhabitants  to 
work  a  48-hour  week,  after  which  over- 
time must  be  paid.  The  provision  applies 
from  June  1,  1953  to  May  31,  1954  in  83 
listed  towns  and  villages,  with  between  300 
and  500  inhabitants.  It  applies  indefinitely 
to  office  employees  in  places  under  300 
population  which  were  not  previously 
covered  by  hours  of  work  legislation. 

In  summary,  the  position  regarding  over- 
time under  the  Saskatchewan  Hours  of 
Work  Act  and  orders  is  as  follows:  over- 
time at  the  rate  of  time  and  one-half  the 
regular  rate  is  payable  after  a  44-hour  week 
in  all  workplaces  in  cities  (except  garages, 
service  stations,  and  other  workplaces 
governed  by  special  orders),  in  factories 
everywhere  in  the  province,  and  in  shops 
and  offices  in  centres  with  more  than  500 
population.  A  48-hour  week,  after  which 
overtime  must  be  paid,  is  permitted  else- 
where. 


1192 


Unemployment  Insurance 


Monthly  Report  on  Operation  of 

the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Claims  for  unemployment  insurance   benefit    declined   substantially  in 
May,  statistics*   reveal.   Decreases  were   recorded 


in   every   province 


Initial  and  renewal  claims  for  unem- 
ployment insurance  benefit  declined  sub- 
stantially in  May,  with  decreases  recorded 
in  every  province. 

The  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
monthly  report  on  the  operation  of  the 
Unemployment  Insurance  Act  shows  that 
during  May  71,476  initial  and  renewal 
claims  for  benefit  were  received  in  local 
offices  across  Canada.  This  represents  a 
decline  of  39  per  cent  from  the  117,171 
claims  recorded  for  April.  The  most 
significant  decreases  occurred  in  Quebec 
(19,000)  and  in  Ontario  (10,000).  The 
May  1952,  total  was  83,806. 

Ordinary  claimants  on  the  live  unem- 
ployment register  on  May  31  declined 
during  the  month  by  about  34  per  cent. 
On  that  date  143,083  ordinary  claimants 
(109,001  males  and  34,082  females)  were 
on  the  live  register,  compared  with  215,242 
(179,024  males  and  36,218  females)  on 
April  30,  and  143,490  (104,897  males  and 
38,593  females)  on  May  31,  1952.  While 
this  month's  figure  of  ordinary  claims 
stands  at  approximately  the  same  level  as 
at  one  year  ago,  it  represents  a  relatively 
reduced  volume  when  related  to  the 
insured  population.  Insured  population 
estimates  for  May  1  are  not  yet  available 
but  at  April  1  this  year  the  insured  popula- 
tions was  estimated  at  3,278,000,  a  six-per- 
cent increase  over  the  3,090,240  estimated 
for  April  1,  1952.  Other  claimants  on  the 
live  register  on  May  31  were:  17,819  short- 
time,  3,262  temporary  lay-off  and  residual 
of  356  supplementary  benefit  claimants 
(postal  claimants  in  Newfoundland  and 
Quebec). 

Adjudication  centres  disposed  of  81,828 
initial  and  renewal  claims  during  the 
month.  Entitlement  to  benefit  was  granted 
in  57,635  cases.  Claims  disallowed  num- 
bered 13,375,  while  disqualifications  were 
imposed  in  17,117  cases  (including  6,299  on 
revised  and  supplementary  benefit  claims). 
Chief  reasons  for  disqualification  were: 
"not  unemployed",  5,420  cases    (for  64  per 


In  a  comparison  of  current  employment 
statistics  with  those  for  a  previous  period, 
consideration  should  be  given  to  relevant 
factors  other  than  numbers,  such  as  the 
opening  and  closing  of  seasonal  indus- 
tries, increase  in  area  population,  influ- 
ence of  weather  conditions,  and  the 
general  employment  situation. 


'See  Tables  E-l  to  E-6  at  end  of  book. 


cent  of  these  cases  the  duration  of  the 
disqualification  period  was  six  days  or 
less) ;  "voluntarily  left  employment  without 
just  cause",  4,698  cases;  "not  capable  of 
and   not   available   for   work",    1,752    cases. 

Beneficiaries  who  began  receipt  of  benefit 
during  May  totalled  60,514,  compared  with 
83,659  during  April  and  58,360  during  May 
1952. 

A  total  of  $12,195,255  was  paid  during 
May  in  compensation  for  3,919,260  days 
of  proven  unemployment,  in  comparison 
with  $16,389,294  and  5,225,796  days  during 
April  and  $10,374,007  and  3,875,281  days 
during  May  1952. 

During  the  week  May  30-June  5,  a  total 
of  125,558  beneficiaries  received  $2,248,673 
in  compensation  for  726,684  unemployed 
days,  compared  with  196,315  beneficiaries 
who  were  paid  $3,634,010  in  compensation 
for  1,159,164  days  of  unemployment  during 
the  last  week  of  April  and  132,022  bene- 
ficiaries who  received  $1,987,922  in  com- 
pensation for  748,592  unemployed  days 
during  the  week  May  31-June  6,  1952. 

The  average  daily  rate  of  benefit  for  the 
week  under  review  was  $3.09,  compared 
with  $3.14  last  month  and  $2.66  for  the 
same  week  last  year. 

Insurance  Registrations 

Reports  received  from  local  offices  of 
the  Unemployment  Insurance  Commission 
for  May  show  that  insurance  books  have 
been  issued  to  3,688,164  employees  who 
have  made  contributions  to  the  Unemploy- 
ment Insurance  fund  at  one  time  or 
another  since  April  1,  1953. 

At  May  31,  employers  registered  num- 
bered 246,973,  a  decrease  of  513  since 
April  30. 


1193 


Decisions  of  the  Umpire  under 

the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Digests  of  two  selected  decisions  rendered  by  the  Umpire 


Decision  CUB  906,  February  18,  1953 

Held:  (1)  That,  in  the  case  of  a  claimant 
who  voluntarily  left  full-time  employment 
in  "A"  to  move  with  her  husband  to  "B" 
where  she  registered  for  part-time  work 
only  because  she  could  find  no  one  to  look 
after  her  child  in  the  afternoons,  the  insur- 
ance officer  would  have  been  justified  in 
relation  to  the  application  of  Section 
27(l)(b)  of  the  Act,  in  granting  her  a  little 
time  in  order  to  ascertain  whether  or  not 
there  was  some,  likelihood  of  her  finding 
part-time  employment  in  "B"  which  is  one 
of  the  large  cities  oj  Canada  and  a  thriving 
business  centre. 

(2)  That,  as  she  had  not  yet  succeeded  in 
finding  the  kind  of  employment  she  desired 
when  her  appeal  from  the  decision  of  the 
insurance  officer  disqualifying  her  under 
Section  27(l)(b)  of  the  Act  was  heard  by 
a  court  of  referees  two  months  later,  she 
should  have  then  been  considered  as  not 
available  for  work  within  the  meaning  of 
the  Act. 

Material  Facts  of  Case — The  claimant, 
married,  29  years  of  age,  was  employed  in 
"A"  (a  city  in  Ontario)  by  a  pottery 
manufacturer  as  a  shipper  from  1948  to 
August  28,  1952.  Her  rate  of  pay  at  the 
time  of  separation  was  $35  a  week. 

On  October  6,  1952,  she  filed  an  initial 
application  for  benefit  at  the  Commis- 
sion's office  in  "B"  (a  city  in  Alberta) 
and  stated  that  she  had  voluntarily  left 
her  employment  in  "A"  to  move  to  "B" 
where  her  husband,  a  member  of  the 
armed  forces,  had  been  posted. 

On  October  14,  1952,  the  claimant  stated 
to  the  local  office  that,  as  she  had  a  small 
son  who  was  attending  kindergarten  in  the 
mornings  and  having  no  one  to  look  after 
him  in  the  afternoons,  she  would  be  avail- 
able for  work  from  Monday  to  Saturday 
from  8:00  a.m.  until  noon;  and  that  in  her 
last  employment  she  had  worked  one  and 
a  half  years  part-time  and  the  last  two 
years  full-time. 

The  insurance  officer  disqualified  her 
from  the  receipt  of  benefit  for  an  indefinite 
period  as  from  October  14,  1952,  because 
he  considered  that  she  was  not  available 
for  work  within  the  meaning  of  Section 
27(l)(b)   of  the  Act. 


The  claimant  appealed  to  a  court  of 
referees,  before  which  she  appeared  on 
November  5,  1952,  and  which  unanimously 
allowed  her  appeal  on  the  grounds  that, 
inasmuch  as  during  the  four  years  of  her 
last  employment  she  had  worked  on  a 
part-time  basis  for  one  and  a  half  years, 
she  had  proved  her  availability  for  work 
and  it  could  not  be  rightly  contended  that 
there  were  no  reasonable  prospects  of  part- 
time  employment  for  her.  The  court 
suggested  to  the  claimant,  however,  that 
she  should  broaden  her  registration  and 
not  limit  her  employment  to  that  of  a 
shipper,  because  a  point  would  soon  be 
reached  where  it  could  be  held  that  she 
was  not  available   for  work  at  all. 

The  insurance  officer  appealed  to  the 
Umpire,  contending  that  the  court,  in 
allowing  the  claimant's  appeal,  had 
disregarded  the  principle  laid  down  in 
CU-B  594. 

Conclusions — Paragraph  3  of  decision 
CU-B  594,  referred  to  by  the  insurance 
officer  in  his  appeal  to  me,  reads  as 
follows: — 

It  is  my  firm  opinion  that  unless  there 
are  special  circumstances  such  as  being 
the  breadwinner  of  the  family  and  there 
are  reasonable  opportunities  of  part-time 
work  in  the  district,  a  married  woman 
cannot  voluntarily  leave  full-time  employ- 
ment, register  in  her  usual  occupation  for 
part-time  work  only,  and  be  considered  as 
available  for  work  within  the  meaning  of 
the  Act. 

In  the  present  case  the  claimant  volun- 
tarily left  full-time  employment  in  "A" 
not  because  she  wanted  part-time  work 
but  because  she  wished  to  follow  her 
husband  who  had  been  posted  to  another 
city.  In  her  previous  place  of  residence 
she  had  been  able  to  make  arrangements 
for  someone  to  look  after  her  child  while 
she  was  at  work  whereas  the  circumstances 
were  now  different  as,  being  a  stranger  in 
"B",  she  did  not  know  of  anyone  who 
would  take  care  of  him  in  the  afternoon 
during  which  period  of  the  day  he  did  not 
attend  kindergarten. 

Without  discussing  the  merit  of  her 
action  in  voluntarily  leaving  her  employ- 
ment in  "A"  when  she  had  no  prospect  of 
work  in  "B",  I  feel  that  the  circumstances 
of  the  case  in  relation  to  the   application 


1194 


of  Section  27(1)  (b)  of  the  Act  were  of  a 
kind  which  come  within  the  exceptions 
contemplated  in  the  above-quoted  principle 
and  that  therefore  the  insurance  officer 
would  have  been  justified  in  granting  her 
a  little  time  in  order  to  ascertain  whether 
or  not  there  was  some  likelihood  of  her 
finding  part-time  employment  in  "B",  which 
is  one  of  the  large  cities  of  Canada  and 
a  thriving  business  centre. 

As  it  turned  out,  the  claimant  had  not 
succeeded  in  finding  employment  suitable 
to  her  at  the  time  her  case  was  heard  by 
the  court  of  referees  and  the  court  should 
have  considered  that  if  she  had  proved 
her  availability  for  work  up  until  then  she 
could  no  longer  do  so. 

For  those  reasons  the  claimant  is 
disqualified  from  the  receipt  of  benefit 
as  from  the  date  that  this  decision  is 
communicated  to  her  and  until  she  proves 
that  she  is  available  for  work  within  the 
meaning  of  the  Act. 

Decision  CUB  907,  February  18,  1953 

Held:  That  a  claimant  who  decided  to 
change  her  occupation  from  that  of  seam- 
stress to  that  of  office  worker  and  for  that 
reason  voluntarily  left  her  employment  and 
was  taking  a  business  course  during  the 
normal  working  hours  was  not  available  for 
work  within  the  meaning  of  the  Act. 

Material  Facts  of  Case — The  claimant, 
single,  22  years  of  age,  filed  an  initial 
application  for  benefit  on  November  13, 
1952,  and  stated  that  she  had  been 
employed  as  a  seamstress  by  a  clothing 
manufacturer  from  1949  to  September  6, 
1952,  when  she  voluntarily  left  because  she 
had  to  sew  heavy  coats  on  a  machine  and 
found  the  work  too  heavy.  She  stated  also 
that  she  had  commenced  taking  a  business 
course  on  September  9,  1952. 

The  insurance  officer  disqualified  her 
from  the  receipt  of  benefit  for  an  indefinite 
period  as  from  November  13,  1952,  because 
while    attending    a    business     course,    she 


could  not  be  considered  as  being  avail- 
able for  work  within  the  meaning  of 
Section  27(1)  (b)  of  the  Act. 

In  her  appeal  to  a  court  of  referees  she 
pointed  out  that  the  heavy  work  that  she 
had  to  do  at  the  clothing  factory  began 
to  have  an  adverse  effect  on  her  health 
and,  not  wanting  to  have  a  nervous  break- 
down, as  had  had  one  of  the  girls  who 
was  doing  similar  work,  she  decided  to 
leave  and  look  for  lighter  work;  that  as 
she  lacked  training  and  experience  in  the 
kind  of  work  she  desired,  i.e.,  store  or 
office  work,  she  decided  to  take  a  business 
course;  she  stated  also  that  she  was  under 
the  impression  that  as  a  trainee  she  was 
entitled  to  unemployment  insurance  benefit. 

The  court  of  referees  by  a  unanimous 
finding  disallowed  her  appeal. 

The  claimant  applied  to  the  chairman 
for  leave  to  appeal  to  the  Umpire  which 
was  granted. 

Conclusions — In  order  to  be  entitled  to 
unemployment  insurance  benefit  a  claimant, 
besides  fulfilling  all  the  other  requirements 
of  the  Act,  must  prove  that  he  is  avail- 
able for  work.  This  means  that  he  must 
establish  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  adjudi- 
cating authorities  that  he  is  looking  for 
work  and  willing  to  accept  immediately  any 
offer  of  suitable  employment. 

(In  view  of  the  circumstances  of  the 
case)  the  fact  that  the  claimant  is  attend- 
ing a  business  course  during  the  normal 
working  hours  precludes  her  from  fulfilling 
that  condition  and  for  that  reason  she  was 
rightly  disqualified  from  the  receipt  of 
benefit. 

It  is  true  that  the  Act  recognizes  that  a 
claimant  may  attend  a  course  of  instruc- 
tion or  training  during  the  normal  working 
hours  and  still  prove  his  availability  for 
work  but  then  he  must  be  directed  to  that 
course  by  the  Unemployment  Insurance 
Commission  (Section  29(2)  ). 

The  unanimous  finding  of  the  court  of 
referees  is  therefore  upheld  and  the  appeal 
is  dismissed. 


Racketeering  on  N.Y.  Waterfront 

(Continued  from  page  1144) 
work  may  not  be  available  receive  a  sliding 
scale  of  payments  from  a  fund  composed 
of  levies  on  all  waterfront  employers. 

This  levy,  states  Waverley,  averages 
between  12  and  15  per  cent  of  the  total 
pierside  labour  costs  each  year.     The  idle 


workers  are  eligible  for  the  subsistence 
wage  if  they  appear  at  board  offices  twice 
a  day  seeking  employment.  According  to 
the  Port  Chairman,  this  system  has  done 
away  entirely  with  the  "casual  work 
system"  which  was  similar  to  the  "shape-up" 
practised  in  New  York. 


1195 


Labour  Conditions 

in  Federal  t*overiiiiieiit  Con  tracts 


Wage  Schedules  Prepared  and  Contracts  Awarded  during  June 

Works  of  Construction,  Remodelling,  Repair  or  Demolition 

During  June  the  Department  of  Labour  prepared  172  wage  schedules  for  inclusion  in 
contracts  proposed  to  be  undertaken  by  departments  of  the  federal  Government  and  its  Crown 
corporations  in  various  areas  of  Canada,  for  works  of  construction,  remodelling,  repair  or 
demolition. 

In  the  same  period,  a  total  of  117  contracts  in  these  categories  was  awarded.  Particulars 
of  these  contracts  appear  below. 

A  copy  of  the  wage  schedule  issued  for  each  contract  is  available  on  request  to  trade 
unions  concerned  or  to  others  who  have  a  bona  fide  interest  in  the  execution  of  the  contract. 

(The  labour  conditions  included  in  each  of  the  contracts  listed  under  this  heading  provide 
that:— 

(a)  the  wage  rate  for  each  classification  of  labour  shown  in  the  wage  schedule  included  in 
the  contract  is  a  minimum  rate  only  and  contractors  and  subcontractors  are  not  exempted 
from  the  payment  of  higher  wages  in  any  instance  where,  during  the  continuation  of  the 
work,  wage  rates  in  excess  of  those  shown  in  the  wage  schedule  have  been  fixed  by  provincial 
legislation,  by  collective  agreements  in  the  district,  or  by  current  practice; 

(b)  hours  of  work  shall  not  exceed  eight  in  the  day  and  44  in  the  week,  except  in 
emergency  conditions  approved  by  the  Minister  of  Labour; 

(c)  overtime  rates  of  pay  may  be  established  by  the  Minister  of  Labour  for  all  hours 
worked  in  excess  of  eight  per  day  and  44  per  week; 

(d)  no  employee  shall  be  discriminated  against  because  of  his  race,  national  origin,  colour 
or  religion,  nor  because  the  employee  has  made  a  complaint  with  respect  to  such  discrimina- 
tion.) 

Contracts  for  the  Manufacture  of  Supplies  and  Equipment 

Contracts  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies  and  equipment  awarded  during  June  are  set  out 
below:  — 

Department                                           No.  of  Contracts  Aggregate  Amount 

Agriculture    2  $  59,345 .  00 

Defence    Construction    (1951 )    Ltd 1  31,950.00 

Defence   Construction    (1951)    Ltd. 

(Building    and    Maintenance) 4  71,969.75 

Post    Office    14  103,032 .  19 

Public    Works    8  73,208.00 

(The  labour  conditions  included  in  contracts  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies  and  equip- 
ment provide  that: — 

(a)  all  persons  who  perform  labour  on  such  contracts  shall  be  paid  such  wages  as  are 
currently  paid  in  the  district  to  competent  workmen,  and  if  there  is  no  current  rate,  then  a 
fair  and  reasonable  rate;  but  in  no  event  shall  the  wages  paid  be  less  than  those  established 
by  the  laws  of  the  province  in  which  the  work  is  being  performed; 

(b)  the  working  hours  shall  be  those  fixed  by  the  custom  of  the  trade  in  the  district,  or  if 
there  be  no  such  custom,  then  fair  and  reasonable  hours; 

(c)  overtime  rates  of  pay  may  be  established  by  the  Minister  of  Labour  for  all  hours 
worked  in  excess  of  those  fixed  by  custom  of  the  trade  in  the  district,  or  in  excess  of  fair  and 
reasonable  hours; 

(d)  no  employee  shall  be  discriminated  against  because  of  his  race,  national  origin,  colour 
or  religion,  nor  because  the  employee  has  made  a  complaint  with  respect  to  such  discrimina- 
tion.) 


The  Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of  Labour  wage    schedules    are    thereupon    included 

legislation  of  the  federal  Government  has  with  other  relevant  labour  conditions  as 

the  purpose  of  insuring  that  all  Govern-  terms   of   such   contracts   to   be   observed 

ment  contracts  for  works  of  construction  by  the  contractors. 

and  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies  and  Wage    schedules    are    not    included    in 

equipment    contain    provisions    to    secure  contracts  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies 

the  payment  of  wages  generally  accepted  and  equipment  because  it  is  not  possible 

as  fair  and   reasonable  'in  each  trade  or  to    determine    in    advance    the    classifica- 

classification    employed     in     the     district  tions    to    be    employed    in    the    execution 

where  the  work  is  being  performed.  of  a  contract.     A  statement  of  the  labour 

The    practice    of    Government    depart-  conditions    which    must    be    observed    in 

ments    and    those    Crown   corporations   to  every  such  contract  is,  however,  included 

which     the     legislation     applies,     before  therein   and   is  of   the   same   nature   and 

entering  into  contracts  for  any  work  of  effect  as   those  which   apply  in  works  of 

construction,  remodelling,  repair  or  demo-  construction. 

lition,  is  to  obtain  wage  schedules  from  Copies    of    the     federal     Government's 

the   Department  of  Labour,  showing  the  Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of  Labour  legis- 

applicable  wage   rate  for  each  classifica-  lation  may  be  had   upon   request  to  the 

tion  of  workmen  deemed  to  be  required  Industrial      Relations     Branch     of     the 

in    the    execution    of    the    work.      These  Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa. 


1196 


Contracts  Containing  Fair  Wage  Schedules  Awarded  during  June 

(The  labour  conditions  of  the  contracts  marked  (*)  contain  the  General  Fair  Wages 
Clause  providing  for  the  observance  of  current  or  fair  and  reasonable  rates  of  wages  and 
hours  of  labour  not  in  excess  of  eight  per  day  and  44  per  week,  and  also  empower  the 
Minister  of  Labour  to  deal  with  any  question  which  may  arise  with  regard  thereto.) 


Tregothic  Marsh  N  S: 


Department  ot  Agriculture 

Hennesse}^  &  Spicer,  construction  of  dyke. 


Central  Mortgage  and 

St  John's  Nfld:  L  G  Rawding  Construc- 
tion Ltd,  landscaping  &  hard  surfacing  of 
driveways;  Terminal  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
landscaping;  Richard  Conway,  *exterior 
painting.  Greenwood  N  S:  L  G  Rawding 
Construction  Ltd,  *landscaping;  Atlantic 
Paving  Co  Ltd,  surfacing  of  walks  & 
drives.  Aylmer  P  Q:  S  Granger  &  Sons, 
installation  of  water  tanks;  Edgar  Milot 
Inc,  *exterior  painting.  Hull  P  Q:  Edgar 
Milot  Inc,  *exterior  painting.  Montreal 
P  Q:  Planned  Renovators  Co,  *painting  of 
garages.  Nitro  P  Q:  Marquis  Construction 
Engr,  exterior  finishing  of  houses  in  cedar 
grain  shingles;  Planned  Renovators  Co, 
exterior  painting.  Arnprior  Ont:  Edgar 
Milot  Inc,  *exterior  painting.  Barriefield 
Ont:  Borgstrom  Bros  Ltd,  landscaping. 
Chesley  Ont:  J  Hartsema,  exterior  paint- 
ing. Cobourg  Ont:  H  J  MacFarland  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  construction  of  ground 
services.  Downsview  Ont:  Ainsworth  Elec- 
tric Co  Ltd,  installation  of  electrical 
distribution  system.  Ottawa  Ont:  H 
Presley      Painting      &      Decorating      Ltd, 


Housing  Corporation 

exterior  painting.  Pembroke  Ont:  Edgar 
Milot  Inc,  ^exterior  painting.  Port  Arthur 
Ont:  Bilodeau  &  Heath  Co  Ltd,  construc- 
tion of  houses.  Prescott  Ont:  Robert  D 
Markey  Construction  Co,  *landscaping. 
Renfrew  Ont:  Gordon  James  &  Son,  land- 
scaping; Edgar  Milot  Inc,  *exterior  paint- 
ing. Rockcliffe  Ont:  Terminal  Construction 
Co  Ltd,  landscaping.  Sault  Ste  Marie  Ont: 
EPA  Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction 
of  houses.  Uplands  Ont:  Borgstrom  Bros 
Ltd,  landscaping.  Moose  Jaw  Sask:  Ralph 
Ashton,  exterior  painting.  Cold  Lake  Alta: 
Baynes  Manning  Ltd,  installation  of  sewer 
&  water  services.  Lethbridge  Alta:  Bill 
Hopps  &  Co  Ltd,  exterior  painting.  Comox 
B  C:  Williams  &  Crothers  Ltd,  paving  of 
streets  &  driveways;  J  W  Chilcott,  land- 
scaping. Courtenay  B  C:  Dominion  Paint 
Co,  *exterior  painting.  Port  Alberni  B  C: 
C  Schattenkirk,  *exterior  painting.  Van- 
couver B  C:  Holland  Landscapers,  land- 
scaping. Victoria  B  C:  C  Schattenkirk, 
exterior  painting. 


Defence  Construction  (1951)  Limited 


Bedford  N  S:  Cameron  Contracting  Ltd, 
construction  of  central  power  plant  bldg. 
St  Hubert  P  Q:  Kelly  Lumber  &  Con- 
struction Ltd,  extension  of  watermains, 
sewers  &  storm  drains.  Ville  la  Salle  P  Q: 
L  Gordon  Tarlton  Ltd,  construction  of 
administration  bldg.  Petawawa  Ont: 
Storms  Contracting  Ltd,  improvements  to 
water  works.  Picton  Ont:  H  J  McFarland 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction  of  roads 
&  storm  sewers.  Winnipeg  Man:  Simmons 
Construction   Co,  site   preparation   &   pav- 

Building  and 
Grosse  He  P  Q:  J  A  Y  Bouchard  Inc, 
repairs  to  pre-isolation  bldg,  Defence 
Research  Laboratory.  Hamilton  Ont: 
Barclay  Construction  Ltd,  construction  of 
temporary  accommodation  bldg,  HMCS 
"Star".  Trenton  Ont:  Robertson  Construc- 
tion &  Engineering  Co  Ltd,  installation  of 


ing;  Peter  Leitch  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
construction  of  warehouses.  Regina  Sask: 
Poole  Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction 
of  reserve  division  bldgs.  Claresholm  Alta: 
Oland  Construction  Ltd,  construction  of 
chapel.  Penhold  Alta:  Burns  &  Dutton 
Concrete  &  Construction  Co  Ltd,  construc- 
tion of  chapels.  Comox  B  C :  Smith  Bros 
&  Wilson,  residual  construction  to  com- 
plete radio  station.  Esquimalt  B  C :  Hume 
&  Rumble  Ltd,  construction  of  pole  line 
&  outdoor  sub-station. 

Maintenance 
additional  floor  in  bldg,  RCAF  Station. 
Gimli  Man:  Wallace  &  Wallace,  construc- 
tion of  roofs  on  reservoirs,  RCAF  Station. 
Cold  Lake  Alta:  Bird  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
construction  of  VHF/DF  bldg,  RCAF 
Station;  Bird  Construction  Co  Ltd,  con- 
struction of   canteen  bldg,  RCAF  Station. 


National  Harbours  Board 

Halifax  Harbour  N  S:  The  Canada  Gunite  Co  Ltd,  reconditioning  concrete  piling. 
Montreal  Harbour  P  Q:  Marine  Industries  Ltd,  dredging  Canadian  Vickers'  Sinking 
Basin. 


1197 


Department  of 

Catalina  Nfld:  J  P  Porter  Co  Ltd, 
*dredging.  Fortune  Nfld:  McNamara  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  *dredging.  Chester  N  S: 
J  P  Porter  Company  Ltd,  *dredging. 
Grand  Etang  N  S:  R  A  Douglas  Ltd, 
repairs  to  piers.  Little  Harbour  N  S: 
Alex  Mclsaac,  breakwater  reconstruction. 
Livingstones  Cove  N  S:  F  W  Digdon  & 
Sons  Ltd,  *dredging.  Yarmouth  N  S: 
Standard  Dredging  Co  Ltd,  *dredging. 
Cape  Tormentine  N  B :  L  G  &  M  H  Smith 
Ltd,  wharf  repairs.  New  Mills  N  B: 
Diamond  Construction  Co  Ltd,  ^dredging. 
Richibucto  N  B:  Fred  Warman  &  Co  Ltd, 
alterations  &  repairs,  public  bldg.  St 
Mary's  (Shippigan  Is)  N  B:  Roger 
LeBlanc,  *dredging.  Carleton  P  Q:  Andre 
Lacroix,  wharf  enlargement.  Cloridorme 
P  Q:  Gulf  Maritime  Construction  Ltd, 
wharf  extension.  Entry  Island  M  I,  P  Q: 
Capt  Edgar  Jourdain,  wharf  extension. 
Old  Harry  M  I,  P  Q:  Gulf  Maritime  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  wharf  extension.  Pointe 
Jaune  P  Q:  Marcel  Cauvier  &  J  E  Keays, 
wharf  extension.  Ste  Anne  de  Bellevue 
P  Q:  Leeds  Construction  Ltd,  installation 
of  elevator,  Military  Hospital.  Ste  Anne 
de  Sorel  P  Q:  Lucien  Lachapelle,  *dredg- 
ing.  St  Ignace  de  Loyola  P  Q:  Royal- 
mount  Construction  Ltd,  wharf  improve- 
ments. St  Laurent  P  Q:  Edouard  Leger, 
interior  alterations,  Postal  Station  "0". 
St  Maurice  de  L'Echourie  (Grant  Ruis- 
seau)  P  Q:  Marcel  Cauvier  &  J  E  Keays, 
wharf  extension.  Barrie  Ont:  Bertram 
Bros,  alterations  for  Air  Filter  Centre, 
RCAF  Station.  Burlington  Ont :  McNamara 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  repairs  to  break- 
water. Kingston  Ont:  Dominion  Bridge  Co 
Ltd,  replacing  existing  wood  deck  on 
bascule  span  of  LaSalle  Causeway. 
Kingston  Ont:  C  D  Cole  Electric  Co  Ltd, 
fluorescent  lighting  installation.  Hamilton 
Ont:  Norman  Stewart,  alterations  to  public 
bldg.  Oshawa  Ont:  Trans-Northern  Engi- 
neer   &    Sales    Co    Ltd,    temporary    postal 


Public  Works 

accommodation.  Ottawa  Ont:  Wilfrid  D 
St  Cyr,  repairs  &  alterations  to  plumbing 
&  ventilation  systems,  Parliament  Bldgs; 
A  Lanctot  Construction  Co,  roof  shelter 
for  generator  units,  Booth  St;  W  O  Pick- 
thorne  &  Son  Ltd,  installation  of  security 
lighting,  Royal  Canadian  Mint;  William 
D'Aoust,  supply  &  erection  of  shelving, 
Canadian  Bank  Note  Bldg;  Automatic 
Sprinkler  Co  of  Canada,  installation  of 
sprinkler  system,  Elgin  Annex  bldg;  Edge 
Ltd,  installation  of  soot  disposal  system, 
central  heating  plant,  Tunney's  Pasture; 
Montflex  Inc,  linoleum  flooring,  Temporary 
Bldgs  Nos  6  &  9;  William  D'Aoust,  alter- 
ations to  Mortimer  Bldg;  Stanley  G 
Brookes,  construction  of  new  transformer 
room,  35  George  St.  Prescott,  Ont:  Thos 
L  Grooms,  alterations  to  public  bldg. 
Ridgeway  Ont:  Smith  Bros  Construction 
Co  Ltd,  erection  of  public  bldg.  Scarboro 
Ont:  Eric  Reilly  Construction  Ltd,  erosion 
protection  work,  National  Research 
Council.  Windsor  Ont:  The  Foundation  Co 
of  Canada  Ltd,  construction  of  Sandwich, 
Windsor,  Amhertsburg  Rlwy  Bldg.  Regina 
Sask:  Olynyk  Construction  Ltd,  construc- 
tion of  drainage  &  sewerage  systems. 
Edmonton  Alta:  McKenzie  Electric,  elec- 
trical work,  Mercantile  Bldg.  Hartley  Bay 
B  C:  Skeena  River  Piledriving  Co,  con- 
struction of  float  &  approach.  Port  Alberni 
B  C:  Pacific  Piledriving  Co  Ltd,  '  float 
renewal.  Quathiaski  Cove  B  C:  F  Gagne 
&  Son,  wharf  repairs  &  improvements. 
Sardis  B  C:  Ricketts-Sewell  Electric  Ltd, 
installation  of  electrical  distribution  system, 
Coqualeetza  Indian  Hospital.  Sturdies  Bay 
B  C:  Victoria  Piledriving  Co  Ltd,  wharf 
repairs  &  improvements.  Sumas  to  Hope 
B  C:  Fraser  River  Dredging  Co,  *dredg- 
ing,  Fraser  River;  Cecil  Carey,  *dredging, 
Fraser  River.  Victoria  B  C :  Canada  Paint 
&  Contracting  Co,  alterations  to  Belmont 
Bldg. 


Department 

Port  aux  Basques  Nfld:  M  R  Chappell, 
construction  of  transit  shed.  Indian  Point 
P  E  I:  Wallace  Noye,  Allison  Raynor, 
James  Noye,  William  Noye,  renewal  of 
protection  wall  on  lighthouse  pier.  Seal 
Island  N  S:  L  E  Armstrong  &  P  E  Arm- 
strong, construction  of  dwelling.  Forest- 
ville  P  Q:  North  Shore  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  construction  of  hardsurface  runway  at 
airport.  Mont  Joli  P  Q:  Montcalm  Con- 
struction Inc,  installation  of  airport  lighting 
facilities.    Killarney  Ont:  N  A  McDougall, 


of  Transport 

construction  of  dwelling.  Malton  Ont: 
H  J  McFarland  Construction  Co  Ltd,  addi- 
tional airport  development.  Mississagi 
Strait  Lightstation  Ont:  Thomas  Prestage, 
construction  of  dwelling.  Port  Weller  Ont: 
Gordon  H  Stewart,  construction  of  dwell- 
ing. St  Catharines  Ont:  R  A  Blyth, 
painting  of  bridge  over  Welland  Canal. 
Embarras  Alta:  Yukon  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  construction  of  single  men's  barracks. 
150  Mile  House  B  C :  Malmquist  &  Vaupel 
Ltd,  construction  of  dwellings. 


1198 


Prices  and  the  Cost  of  Living 


Consumer  Price  Index,  July  2,  1953 

The  consumer  price  index  rose  half  a 
point — 0-4  per  cent — between  June  1  and 
July  2.  It  was  the  second  consecutive  rise 
following  six  consecutive  declines. 

At  July  2  the  index  stood  at  115-4;  on 
June  1  it  was  114-9. 

The  half-point  rise  was  largely  due  to 
seasonal  increases  in  eggs  and  fresh  fruits 
and  vegetables,  which  were  the  principal 
factors  advancing  the  food  index  from  111-4 
to  112-7.  Among  other  food  items,  beef 
was  relatively  unchanged;  fresh  pork  was 
lower  in  price  while  cured  pork  products 
were  higher;  fractional  increases  were 
recorded  for  flour  and  bread,  and  similar 
decreases  for  cheese  and  butter. 

An  increase  in  the  clothing  index  from 
110-1  to  110-3  was  mainly  attributable  to 
higher  quotations  for  knitting  yarns,  over- 
alls and  workshirts.  The  household  opera- 
tion component  advanced  from  116-6  to 
117-0,  reflecting  increases  in  coal,  gas  and 
household  help  in  a  number  of  centres. 
The  shelter  index  increased  from  123-6  to 
123-9  following  advances  in  both  the  rent 
and  home-ownership  sub-groups. 

In  the  other  commodities  and  services 
group,  higher  quotations  for  newspaper 
subscriptions  and  drugs  outweighed  a 
decrease  in  personal  care  items;  the  index 
moved  from   115-1  to   115-2. 


The  index  one  year  earlier  (July  2,  1952) 
was  116-1;  group  indexes  were:  food  116-0, 
shelter  120-6,  clothing  111-7,  household 
operation  115-9,  and  other  commodities  and 
services  115-6. 

Cost-of  Living  Index,  July  2,  1953 

The  cost-of-living  index  (1935-39  =  100) 
rose  from  184-8  to  186-0  between  June  1 
and  July  2.    At  July  2,  1952,  it  was  188-0. 

Group  indexes  at  July  2  (June  1  figures 
in  parentheses)  were:  food  229-2  (225-7), 
rent  152-9  (152-5),  fuel  and  light  153-5 
(152-6),  clothing  206-5  (206-4),  home 
furnishings  and  services  196-0  (196-2)  and 
miscellaneous  149-2  (149-0). 

Group  indexes  one  year  earlier  (July  2, 
1952)  were:  food  239-5,  rent  147-9,  fuel  and 
light  149-8,  clothing  209-1,  home  furnishings 
and  services  196-7  and  miscellaneous  147-4. 

City  Cost-of-Living  Indexes,  June  1,  1953 

Mainly  because  of  increases  in  food  prices 
and  rent,  cost-of-living  indexes  advanced  in 
each  of  the  nine  regional  cities  between 
May  1  and  June  1,  1953. 

Prices  of  fresh  and  cured  pork  were 
substantially  higher  in  all  nine  cities.  Beef, 
eggs  and  fresh  fruits  and  vegetables  were 
generally  firmer.  Butter  prices  were  mostly 
lower. 


*See  Tables  F-l  to  F-6  at  end  of  book. 


CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX  FROM  JANUARY  1949 


Inde 

l!<9=190 

Indei  1949- 

120 
110 

100 

v". 

food    y^ 

SHELTER      ]        ^S* 

i 

OTAL     fs/* 
fw/T 

Jf                  H00SEH01 
K 

OPERATION 

.....;  i-...t>. 

»         Mr 

/        OTHER  COMMODITY 
f 

CLOTHING 
S  AND  SERVICES 

(•.MUBuT 

1 

I 

1 

1 

I 

,           1           ,    ' 

1199 


Rents  moved  up  in  six  cities  but  were 
unchanged  in  the  remaining  three. 

Slight  increases  in  clothing  prices  were 
reported  in  six  centres.  Clothing  indexes 
for  Winnipeg  and  Saskatoon  remained 
unchanged  while  a  small  drop  was  recorded 
for  Toronto. 

Changes  in  the  other  three  component 
group  indexes  were  small  and  scattered 
throughout  the  nine  cities.  Among  the 
more  important  changes  were  decreases  in 
refrigerator  prices  in  Halifax,  Saint  John, 
Montreal,  Winnipeg  and  Edmonton;  in- 
creases in  laundry  rates  in  Saint  John  and 
Montreal;  and  a  seasonal  decrease  in  coal 
prices  in  Vancouver. 

Composite  city  cost-of-living  index  point 
changes  between  May  1  and  June  1  were: 
Montreal  +1-8  to  190-1,  Toronto  +1-3  to 
182-2,  Saskatoon  +1-2  to  183-4,  Edmonton 
+1-2  to  177-8,  Halifax  +0-8  to  173-4, 
Saint  John  +0-8  to  181-0,  Winnipeg  +0-8 
to  177-2,  St.  John's  +0-1  to  101-2*  and 
Vancouver  +0-1  to  187-6. 

Wholesale  Prices,  June  1953 

Wholesale  prices  moved  up  0-7  per  cent 
between  May  and  June  but  were  still  2-1 
per  cent  below  those  a  year  earlier.  The 
higher  prices  in  June,  compared  with  May, 
were  concentrated  mainly  in  animal 
products,  although  advances  were  noted  in 
five  other  major  groups. 


*Index  on  base  June  1951=100. 


The  animal  product  prices  index  advanced 
from  239-1  to  247-5  as  a  result  of  sharp 
increases  in  pork  coupled  with  lesser  in- 
creases for  other  livestock,  fresh  meats,  eggs 
and  unmanufactured  leather. 

In  the  non-metallic  group,  advances  in 
crude  petroleum,  sulphur,  imported  anth- 
racite coal  and  lime  were  responsible  for 
a  rise  in  the  index  from  173-9  to  176-4. 

Fibres,  textiles  and  textile  products  index 
climbed  from  241-2  to  241-7  as  advances 
in  worsted  yarns,  wool  cloth  and  imported 
raw  wool  outweighed  decreases  in  raw 
cotton,  rayon  fabrics,  domestic  raw  wool 
and  carpets. 

Slight  increases  in  paint  materials  and 
inorganic  chemicals  were  reflected  in  a 
change  in  the  chemical  products  group 
index  from  176-2  to  176-4. 

The  non-ferrous  metals  index  advanced 
from  168-1  to  168-6  as  a  result  of  higher 
quotations  for  lead  overbalancing  declines 
for  tin  and  copper  ingots. 

The  vegetable  products  index  remained 
unchanged  at  197-4  as  increases  in  milled 
cereals,  coffee,  cocoa,  potatoes,  fresh  fruits 
and  molasses  balanced  losses  for  grains, 
livestock  feeds,  vegetable  oils,  rubber, 
unmanufactured  tobacco  and  dried  fruits. 

Iron  and  its  products  registered  a  further 
small  decline  for  the  second  month;  the 
index  dropped  from  221-2. to  220-6  because 
of  continued  weakness  in  steel  scrap,  which 
outweighed  advances  in  castings  and 
forgings   and   certain   rolling  mill  products. 


COST-OF-LIVING  INDEX  FROM  JANUARY  1946 


1200 


Canadian  farm  product  prices  at  terminal  Prices    of    residential    building    materials 

markets    recorded    a    further    advance    in  were  slightly  firmer  in  June ;  the  composite 

June,  the  index  rising  to  219*3  from  216-9  index    advanced    to    284-1    from    282-8    in 

in  May.  May. 


Strikes  and  Lockouts 


Canada,  June,  1953* 

Time  lost  in  industrial  disputes  resulting 
in  work  stoppages  in  the  first  six  months 
of  1953  has  been  substantially  below  the 
idleness  in  the  same  period  in  1952.  The 
number  of  stoppages  was  down  and  there 
was  a  sharp  decline  in  the  number  of 
workers  involved. 

In  June  1953,  the  time  loss  was  some- 
what higher  than  in  the  previous  month. 
No  great  amount  of  loss  was  shown  by 
any  one  stoppage  but  four  disputes  with 
the  greatest  loss  were:  flour,  cereal  and 
feed  mill  workers  at  Peterborough,  Ont., 
and  Saskatoon,  Sask.;  salmon  fishermen, 
seiners  and  gillnetters  in  British  Columbia 
waters;  yarns  and  carpet  factory  workers 
at  Guelph,  Ont;  and  shoe  factory  workers 
at  Preston,  Ont. 

Wages  and  related  questions  were  the 
central  issues  in  24  of  the  31  stoppages, 
causing  more  than  86  per  cent  of  the  total 
loss.  Of  the  other  disputes,  three  arose 
over  union  questions,  three  over  causes 
affecting  working  conditions  and  one  over 
dismissal  of  a  worker. 

Preliminary  figures  for  June  1953,  show 
31  strikes  and  lockouts,  involving  6,452 
workers,  with  a  time  loss  of  57,346  man- 
working  days,  compared  with  30  strikes  and 
lockouts  in  May  1953,  with  4,748  involved 
and  a  loss  of  36,127  days.  In  June  1952, 
there  were  42  strikes  and  lockouts  with 
59,706  workers  involved  and  a  loss  of 
717,845  days. 


For  the  first  six  months  of  1953  prelim- 
inarly  figures  show  85  strikes  and  lockouts, 
involving  19,447  workers  and  a  loss  of 
210,438  days.  In  the  same  period  in  1952 
there  were  121  strikes  and  lockouts,  with 
88,620  workers  involved  and  a  loss  of 
1,329,153  days. 

Based  on  the  number  of  non-agricultural 
wage  and  salary  workers  in  Canada,  the 
time  lost  in  June  1953,  was  0-07  per  cent 
of  the  estimated  working  time;  0-04  per 
cent  in  May  1953;  0-87  per  cent  in  June 
1952;  0-04  per  cent  for  the  first  six  months 
of  1953;  and  0-27  per  cent  for  the  first  six 
months  of  1952. 

Of  the  31  stoppages  in  June  1953,  four 
were  settled  in  favour  of  the  workers,  three 
in  favour  of  the  employers,  six  were  com- 
promise settlements  and  two  were  indefinite 
in  result,  work  being  resumed  pending  final 
settlement.  At  the  end  of  the  month  16 
stoppages  were  recorded  as  unterminated. 

(The  record  does  not  include  minor  strikes 
such  as  are  defined  in  another  paragraph  nor 
does  it  include  strikes  and  lockouts  about 
which  information  has  been  received  indi- 
cating that  employment  conditions  are  no 
longer  affected  but  which  the  unions  con- 
cerned have  not  declared  terminated.  Strikes 
and  lockouts  of  this  nature  still  in  progress 
are:  compositors,  etc.,  at  Winnipeg,  Man., 
which  began  in  November  8,  1945,  and  at 
Ottawa  and  Hamilton,  Ont.,  and  Edmonton, 
Alta.,  on  May  30,  1946;  and  waitresses  at 
Timmins,  Ont.,  on  May  23,  1952.) 


Great  Britain  and  Other  Countries 


The  latest  available  information  as  to 
strikes  and  lockouts  in  various  countries  is 
given  in  the  Labour  Gazette  from  month  to 
month.  Statistics  given  in  the  annual 
review  and  in  this  article  are  taken,  as  far 
as  possible,  from  the  government  publica- 
tions of  the  countries  concerned  or  from 
the  International  Labour  Office  Year  Book 
of  Labour  Statistics. 


"See  Tables  G-l  and  G-2  at  end  of  book. 


Great  Britain  and  Northern  Ireland 

The  British  Ministry  of  Labour  Gazette 
publishes  statistics  dealing  with  disputes 
involving  stoppages  of  work  and  gives  some 
details  of  the  more  important  ones. 

The  number  of  work  stoppages  beginning 
in  April  1953,  was  107  and  14  were  still  in 
progress  from  the  previous  month,  making 
a  total  of   121   during  the  month.     In  all 


1201 


stoppages  of  work  in  progress,  20,400 
workers  were  involved  and  a  time  loss  of 
76,000  working  days  caused. 

Of  the  107  disputes  leading  to  stoppages 
of  work  which  began  in  April,  six,  directly- 
involving  800  workers,  arose  over  demands 
for  advances  in  wages,  and  44,  directly 
involving  7,300  workers,  over  other  wage 
questions;  two,  directly  involving  800 
workers,  over  questions  as  to  working  hours ; 
14,  directly  involving  3,100  workers,  over 
questions  respecting  the  employment  of 
particular  classes  or  persons;  40,  directly 
involving  1,600  workers,  over  other  ques- 
tions respecting  working  arrangements;  and 
one,  directly  involving  1,800  workers,  was 
in  support  of  workers  involved  in  another 
dispute. 

Ceylon 

In  1952  there  were  75  strikes  directly 
involving  11,523  workers  and  causing  a 
time  loss  of  56,404  man-working  days. 


Japan 

For  1952  there  were  590  industrial 
disputes  resulting  in  work  stoppages.  These 
directly  involved  1,623,610  workers  result- 
ing in  a  time  loss  of  5,013,744  man-working 
days. 

United  States 

Preliminary  figures  for  May  1953,  show 
525  work  stoppages  resulting  from  labour- 
management  disputes  beginning  in  the 
month  in  which  270,000  workers  were 
involved.  The  time  loss  for  all  work 
stoppages  in  progress  during  the  month  was 
3,000,000  man-days.  Corresponding  figures 
for  April  1953,  are  500  work  stoppages 
involving  275,000  workers  and  a  time  loss 
of  2,500,000  days. 


Publications  Recently  Received 

in  Department  of  Labour  Library 


The  publications  listed  below  are  not 
for  sale  by  the  Department  of  Labour. 
Persons  wishing  to  purchase  them  should 
communicate  with  the  publishers.  Publica- 
tions listed  may  be  borrowed,  free  of 
charge,  by  making  application  to  the 
Librarian,  Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa. 
Students  must  apply  through  the  library 
of  their  institution.  Applications  for  loans 
should  give  the  number  (numeral)  of  the 
publication  desired  and  the  month  in 
which  it  was  listed  in  the  Labour  Gazette. 

List  No.  60. 
Accidents 

1.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Standards. 
Hazards  in  operating  Bakery  Machines. 
Washington,  G.P.O.,  1952.    Pp.  22. 

2.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Standards. 
Mr.  Manager,  Guard  Your  Investment  in 
Manpower.  Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953. 
Pp.  12.  This  pamphlet  is  about  taking 
proper  precautions  for  installing  safe- 
guards for  machinery. 

Arbitration,   Industrial 

3.  Backman,  Jules.  Economic  Data 
utilized  in  Wage  Arbitration.  Philadel- 
phia, University  of  Pennsylvania  Press  for 
the  Labor  Relations  Council  of  the 
Wharton  School  of  Finance  and  Commerce, 
1952.    Pp.  56. 


4.  Freidin,  Jesse.  Labor  Arbitration  and 
the  Courts..  Philadelphia,  University  of 
Pennsylvania  Press  for  the  Labor  Rela- 
tions Council  of  the  Wharton  School  of 
Finance  and  Commerce,  1952.    Pp.  58. 

5.  Handsaker,  Morrison.  The  Submis- 
sion Agreement  in  Contract  Arbitration, 
by  Morrison  and  Marjorie  Handsaker. 
Philadelphia,  University  of  Pennsylvania 
Press  for  the  Labor  Relations  Council  of 
the  Wharton  School  of  Finance  and 
Commerce,  1952.    Pp.  101. 

6.  Kennedy,  Van  Dusen.  Arbitration  in 
the  San  Francisco  Hotel  and  Restaurant 
Industries.  Philadelphia,  University  of 
Pennsylvania  Press  for  the  Labor  Rela- 
tions Council  of  the  Wharton  School  of 
Finance  and  Commerce,  1952.     Pp.  113. 

7.  Kuhn,  Alfred.  Arbitration  in  Transit ; 
an  Evaluation  of  Wage  Criteria.  Philadel- 
phia, University  of  Pennsylvania  Press  for 
the  Labor  Relations  Council  of  the 
Wharton  School  of  Finance  and  Com- 
merce, 1952.    Pp.  203. 

8.  Simkin,  William  E.  Acceptability  as 
a  Factor  in  Arbitration  under  an  Existing 
Agreement.  Philadelphia,  University  of 
Pennsylvania  Press  for  the  Labor  Relations 
Council  of  the  Wharton  School  of  Finance 
and  Commerce,  1952.    Pp.  67. 


1202 


9.  Skilton,  Robert  Henry.  Industrial 
Discipline  and  the  Arbitration  Process. 
Philadelphia,  University  of  Pennsylvania 
Press  for  the  Labor  Relations  Council  of 
the  Wharton  School  of  Finance  and 
Commerce,  1952.    Pp.  76. 

10.  Tripp,  Louis  Reed.  Wage-Reopening 
Arbitration.  Philadelphia,  University  of 
Pennsylvania  Press  for  the  Labor  Rela- 
tions Council  of  the  Wharton  School  of 
Finance  and  Commerce,  1952.    Pp.  108. 

11.  Witte,  Edwin  Emil.  Historical 
Survey  ,oj  Labor  Arbitration.  Philadel- 
phia, University  of  Pennsylvania  Press  for 
Labor  Relations  Council  of  the  Wharton 
School  of  Finance  and  Commerce,  1952. 
Pp.  64. 

Arbitration,        Industrial  —  Railroad 
Employees 

12.  Before  the  Board  of  Conciliation. 
Request  for:  1.  A  Wage  Increase  of  Forty- 
Five  Cents  per  Hour,  2.  Incorporation  of 
a  Cost  of  Living  Bonus,  3.  The  Union  Shop, 
4-  Check-off  of  Union  Dues,  5.  Elimination 
of  the  Emergency  Clause.  Brief  filed  on 
Behalf  of  Seventeen  Associated  Railway 
Unions  representing  N  on-Operating 
Employees,  September  1952.  Prepared  by 
Alfred  Stenger.  Montreal,  1952.  Pp.  114. 
—Appendix.  Montreal,  1952.  Pp.  52. — 
Rebuttal  filed  on  Behalf  of  Seventeen 
Associated  Railway  Unions  representing 
Non-Operating  Employees.  October  1952. 
Montreal,  1952.    Pp.  27. 

Biographies 

13.  Calmer,  Alan.  Labor  Agitator;  the 
Story  of  Albert  R.  Parsons.  Haymarket 
drawings  by  Mitchell  Siporin.  New  York, 
International  Publishers,  cl937,  Pp.  126. 
Parsons  was  involved  in  the  Haymarket 
Square  Riot  in  Chicago  in  1886. 

14.  Williams,  Francis.  Ernest  Bevin, 
Portrait  of  a  Great  Englishman.  With  a 
foreword  by  the  Rt.  Hon.  Clement  Attlee. 
London,  Hutchinson,  1952.    Pp.  288. 

Collective  Bargaining 

15.  Kerr,  Clark.  Collective  Bargaining 
in  Postwar  Germany.  Berkeley,  University 
of  California,  1952.    Pp.  324-342. 

16.  Labor  -  Management  Conference, 
Rutgers  University,  New  Brunswick,  N.J. 
4th,  1952.  What's  Wrong  with  Collective 
Bargaining.  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  Institute 
of  Management  and  Labor  Relations, 
Rutgers  University,  1952.    Pp.  72. 

Economic   Conditions 

17.  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the 
United    States    of    America.       Committee 


on  Economic  Policy.  Free  Markets  and 
Free  Men;  Report.  Washington,  cl953. 
Pp.  26. 

18.  U.S.        President,        1945-1953 

(Truman).  Economic  Report  of  the 
President  transmitted  to  Congress,  January 
1953.    Washington,  1953.    Pp.  218. 

Efficiency,  Industrial 

19.  California  Personnel  Management 
Association.  Research  Division.  Work 
Simplification — The  Consultive  Approach  to 
Methods  Improvement.  A  stenographic 
brief  of  an  address  given  before  the 
California  Personnel  Management  Associa- 
tion and  the  Personnel  Section  of  the 
Western  Management  Association,  by 
Allan  H.  Mogensen.  Berkeley,  1951. 
Pp.  16. 

20.  Weinlein,  Tony.  The  Boss  buys  a 
Stop  Watch.  More  Building  Service 
Workers  have  been  Time-Studied  since 
Gilbert  hatched  His  Formula.  (In  Report 
to  Locals,  Research  Publication,  Building 
Service  Employees'  International  Union. 
March  1952.  V.  7,  No.  3.  Pp.  1-4.)  The 
Gilbert  Formula  was  devised  for  the  more 
efficient  cleaning  of  office  buildings. 

21.  Woods  (J.D.)  &  Gordon  Limited, 
Toronto.  What  is  Industrial  Engineering? 
Toronto,  n.d.    Pp.  74. 

Employment  Management 

22.  Bureau  of  National  Affairs,  Wash- 
ington, D.C.  How  to  boost  Quality. 
Washington,  cl953.    Pp.  12. 

23.  California  Personnel  Management 
Association.  Research  Division.  Organ- 
ization &  Control  of  the  Personnel  Depart- 
ment. A  special  paper  prepared  for  the 
California  Personnel  Management  Associa- 
tion and  the  Personnel  Section  of  the 
Western  Management  Association,  by  L.  R. 
Gaiennie,  Berkeley,  1952.    Pp.  10. 

24.  Yoder,  Dale.  Employment-Relations 
Functions  and  Budgets,  by  Dale  Yoder  and 
Lenore  N.  Wilson.  New  York,  American 
Management  Association,  cl952.     Pp.  11. 

Government  Ownership 

25.  Great  Britain.  Parliament.  House 
of  Commons.  Select  Committee  on 
Nationalized  Industries.  Report  from  the 
Select  Committee  on  Nationalized  Indus- 
tries Together  with  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Committee,  Minutes  of  Evidence  and 
Appendices.  London,  H.M.S.O.,  1952. 
Pp.  140. 

26.  Haynes,  William  Warren.  National- 
ization in  Practice:  the  British  Coal 
Industry.  Boston,  Division  of  Research, 
Graduate  School  of  Business  Administra- 
tion, Harvard  University,  1953.     Pp.  413. 


1203 


Industrial  Relations 

27.  Leek,  John  Halvor.  Government 
and  Labor  in  the  United  States.  New 
York,  Rinehart,  1952.    Pp.  336. 

28.  McGill  University,  Montreal.  Indus- 
trial Relations  Centre.  Fourth  Annual 
Conference,  April  21  and  22,  1952.  Mont- 
real, 1952.  Pp.  92.  Contents.— The 
expanding  Canadian  economy,  by  Dr.  O.  J. 
Firestone. — Morale  and  motivation  in  a 
changing  economy  by  Dr.  Eugene  Jacobson. 
— Trends  in  labor-Management  relations,  by 
Dr.  J.  R.  Coleman. — Neutral  participation 
in  industrial  disputes,  by  Dr.  A.  H.  Myers. 
— Men,  work  and  welfare  in  an  expanding 
economy,  by  Dr.  F.  Cyril  James. 

Industry 

29.  American   Management  Association. 

Corporate  Finance  and  Taxation  .  .  .  New 
York,  cl938.    Pp.  36. 

30.  Great  Britain.  Central  Statistical 
Office.  The  Index  of  Industrial  Produc- 
tion.   London,  H.M.S.O.,  1952.    Pp.  54. 

International  Agencies 

31.  Turner,  Arthur  C.  Bulwark  of  the 
West ;  Implications  and  Problems  of  NATO. 
Toronto,  Ryerson  Press,  1953.     Pp.  106. 

32.  "World  Peace  Foundation,  Boston. 
The  United  Nations  at  work:  Basic  Docu- 
ments.   Boston,  1947.    Pp.  147. 

Labour  Laws  and  Legislation 

33.  Canada.  Department  of  Labour. 
Legislation  Branch.  Provincial  Labour 
Standards  concerning  Child  Labour,  Holi- 
days, Hours  of  Work,  Minimum  Wages, 
Weekly  Rest-Day  and  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation.    Ottawa,  1952.     Pp.  25. 

34.  Japan.  Laws,  Statutes,  Etc.  Japan 
Labor  Code.  Tokyo,  Ministry  of  Labor, 
1953.    Pp.  781. 

Labour   Unions 

35.  International  Federation  of 
Christian  Trade  Unions.  Survey  of  the 
Earlier  Congresses  of  the  I.F.C.T.U.  and 
the  Development  of  the  International 
Christian  Trade  Union  Movement.  Utrecht, 
1952.    Pp.  8. 

36.  Lipset,  Seymour  Martin.  Democracy 
in  Private  Government;  a  Case  Study  of 
the  International  Typographical  Union. 
Berkeley,  1952.    Pp.  48-65. 

37.  Luyt,  R.  E.  Trade  Unionism  in 
African  Colonies.  Johannesburg,  South 
African  Institute  of  Race  Relations,  1949. 
Pp.  42. 

38.  Pugh,  (Sir)  Arthur.  Men  of  Steel, 
by  One  of  Them;  a  Chronicle  of  Eighty- 
Eight    Years    of    Trade    Unionism    in    the 


British  Iron  and  Steel  Industry.  London, 
Iron  and  Steel  Trades  Confederation,  1951. 
Pp.  624. 

39.  Rose,  Arnold  Marshall.  Union 
Solidarity:  The  Internal  Cohesion  of  a 
Labor  Union.  Minneapolis,  University  of 
Minnesota  Press,  1952.    Pp.  209. 

Labouring  Classes 

40.  Hardy,  Frank  J.  Power  without 
Glory;  a  Novel  in  Three  Parts,  by  Frank 
J.  Hardy,  "Ross  Franklyn."  4th  ed. 
Melbourne,    Realist    Print,  and  Pub.  Co., 

1951.  Pp.  669.  This  novel  concerns  an 
opportunistic  Australian  sports  promoter 
who  used  the  Australian  Labour  Party  and 
trade  unions  for  his  own  use. 

41.  Hong  Kong.  Labour  Department. 
Annual  Report  .  .  .  1950/51.     Hong  Kong, 

1952.  1  Pamphlet. 

42.  Labour  Party  (Great  Britain).  The 
Socialist  International.  Foreword  by 
Morgan  Phillips.    London,  1953.    Pp.  20. 

Management 

43.  American   Management  Association. 

Operating  under  Decentralized  Manage- 
ment. New  Goals  in  Economic  and  Labor 
Policies.     New  York,  1949.    Pp.  31. 

44.  American  Management  Association. 
Organization  Controls  and  Executive  Com- 
pensation.   New  York,  cl948.    Pp.  54. 

45.  American  Management  Association. 
Problems  and  Policies  of  Decentralized 
Management.    New  York,  cl952.    Pp.  28. 

Occupations 

46.  Canada.  Department  of  Labour. 
Economics  and  Research  Branch.  Forge 
Shop  Occupations.  Ottawa,  Queen's  Printer, 
1952.    Pp.  16. 

47.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Employment  Outlook  in  Printing  Occu- 
pations. A  reprint  from  the  1951  Occupa- 
tional Outlook  Handbook.  Washington, 
G.P.O.,  1953.    Pp.  299-330, 

Older   Workers 

48.  Conference  on  the  Problem  of 
Making  a  Living  While  Growing  Old, 
Philadelphia,  1952.  Proceedings  of 
the  Joint  Conference  on  the  Problem 
of  Making  a  Living  While  Grow- 
ing Old,  May  22,  23,  1952,  Benjamin 
Franklin  Hotel,  Philadelphia.  Sponsored 
jointly  by  Temple  University  School  of 
Business  and  Public  Administration  Bureau 
of  Economic  and  Business  Research  and 
Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  Depart- 
ment of  Labor  and  Industry  Bureau  of 
Employment  Security.  Philadelphia, 
Temple  University,  1952.    Pp.  168. 

49.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Employment 
Security.  Workers  are  Young  Longer;  a 
Report   of   the   Findings   and   Implications 


1204 


of  the  Public  Employment  Service  Studies 
of  Older  Workers  in  Five  Cities.  Wash- 
ington, 1952.     1  Volume. 

Productivity  of  Labour 

50.  Anglo-American  Council  on  Produc- 
tivity. Final  Report  of  the  Council. 
London,  1952.    Pp.  40. 

51.  British  Productivity  Council.  Fruit 
and  Vegetable  Storage  and  P re-Packaging. 
Report  of  a  visit  to  the  U.S.A.  in  1951  by 
a  Specialist  Team  on  fruit  and  vegetable 
storage  and  pre-packaging.  London,  1953. 
Pp.  64. 

52.  British  Productivity  Council.  In- 
spection in  Industry.  Report  of  a  visit  to 
the  U.S.A.  in  1951  of  a  Specialist  Team  on 
inspection  methods  in  industry.  London, 
1953.    Pp.  74. 

53.  British  Productivity  Council.  Plant 
Maintenance.  Report  of  a  visit  to  the 
U.S.A.  in  1952  of  a  Specialist  Team  on 
plant  maintenance.    London,  1952.    Pp.  70. 

54.  British  Productivity  Council.  Plastics 
Moidding.  Report  of  a  Productivity  Team 
representing  the  British  plastics  moulding 
industry  which  visited  the  United  States 
of  America  in  1952.    London,  1953.    Pp.  80. 

Profit-Sharing 

55.  Profit-Sharing  Research  Founda- 
tion,    Long      Island      City,      New     York. 

Profit  Sharing  in  practice:  Report  on  Visits 
to  Profit-Sharing  Establishments,  1951-1952, 
by  P.  A.  Knowlton,  director  of  research. 
Long  Island  City,  N.Y.,  1952.    Pp.  65. 

56.  Profit-Sharing  Research  Founda- 
tion, Long  Island  City,  New  York. 
Studies  in  Profit  Sharing:  1.  Discontinued 
Plans;  2.  Plan  Changes,  by  P.  A.  Knowlton, 
director  of  research.  Long  Island  City, 
N.Y,  1952.    Pp.  32. 

Social  Security 

57.  Hall,  Mary  Penelope.  The  Social 
Services  of  Modern  England.  London, 
Routledge  &  K.  Paul,  1952.    Pp.  332. 

58.  U.S.  Social  Security  Administration. 
Division  of  Research  and  Statistics. 
Social  Security  Financing,  by  Ida  C. 
Merriam.  Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953. 
Pp.  204. 

Wages  and  Hours 

59.  Printing  Industry  Parity  Committee 
for  Montreal  and  District.  Distribution 
of    Employees    according    to    Wage    Rates 


paid  Period:  May  1952,  Zone  1,  Journey- 
men and  experienced  Bindery  Girls. 
Montreal,  1952.    Pp.  7. 

60.  Quebec  (City)  Universite  Laval. 
Ecole  des  Sciences  Sociales.  Departe- 
ment  des  Relations  Industrielles. 
Salaires  et  Prix.     Quebec,  1952.     12  Parts. 

61.  Reder,  Melvin  Warren.  The  Theory 
of  Union  Wage  Policy.  Berkeley,  Uni- 
versity of  California,  1952.     Pp.  34-45. 

62.  U.S.  Department  of  Commerce. 
Office  of  Business  Economics.  Incomes 
of  Physicians,  Dentists,  and  Lawyers,  19J.9- 
51.     Washington,  G.P.O.,   1952.     Pp.  5-7. 

Zinc  Industry  and  Trade 

63.  American  Zinc  Institute.  A  Review 
of  the  Zinc  Industry  in  1952.  New  York. 
1  Pamphlet. 

64.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Mines.  Materials 
Survey,  Zinc,  1950,  compiled  for  the 
Materials  Office,  National  Security 
Resources  Board,  by  the  U.S.  Dept.  of  the 
Interior,  Bureau  of  Mines  with  the  co- 
operation of  Geological  Survey.  Wash- 
ington, 1951.     1  Volume. 

Miscellaneous 

65.  Ashworth,  William.  Contracts  and 
Finance.    London,  H.M.S.O.,  1953.    Pp.  309. 

66.  Bott,  George  J.  Statement  of 
George  J.  Bott,  General  Counsel,  National 
Labor  Relations  Board  before  the  Com- 
mittee on  Education  and  Labor  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  February  25,,  1953. 
Washington,  National  Labor  Relations 
Board,  1953.    Pp.  25. 

67.  Canada.  Geographical  Bureau.  An 
Introduction  to  the  Geography  of  New- 
foundland, by  B.  V.  Outsell.  Ottawa,  1949. 
Pp.  85. 

68.  International  Labour  Office.  An 
Introduction  to  Co-operative  Practice. 
Geneva,  1952.    Pp.  50. 

69.  Investor's  Reader.  Atoms  and  In- 
dustry. New  York,  Merrill  Lynch,  Pierce, 
Fenner  &  Bean,  1953.    Pp.  40. 

70.  Littledale,  Harold  A.  Mastering 
Your  Disability.  New  York,  Rinehart,  1952. 
Pp.  224. 

71.  Mansergh,  Nicholas.  The  Common- 
wealth in  Asia.  Toronto,  Canadian  Insti- 
tute of  International  Affairs,  1953.    Pp.  16. 

72.  Payne,  Stanley  Le  Baron.  The  Art 
of  asking  Questions.  Princeton,  Princeton 
University  Press,  1951.    Pp.  249. 


4,722   Disabled   Persons   Receiving   Ontario  Pensions 

At  the  end  of  its  first  year  in  force,  pensions  under  the  Ontario  Disabled  Persons' 
Allowances  Act  were  being  paid  to  4,722  persons,  it  was  announced  in  Toronto  by  Welfare 
Minister  Goodfellow.    The  Act  came  into  effect  July  1,  1952  (L.G.,  Aug.  1952,  p.  1092). 


1205 


Labour   Statistics 


Page 
A— Labour  Force 

D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey 

Table  A-l — Estimated  Distribution  of  Canadian  Manpower 1207 

Table  A-2 — Persons  Looking  for  Work  in  Canada 1207 

Table  A-3— Regional  Distributions,  Week  Ended  May  16,  1953 1208 

Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 

Table  A-4— Distribution  of  All  Immigrants  by  Region 1208 

Table  A-5 — Distribution  of  Workers  Entering  Canada  by  Occupations 1209 

B— Labour  Income 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics  Monthly  Estimates  of  Labour  Income 
Table  B-l— Estimates  of  Labour  Income 1209 

C— Employment,  Hours  and  Earnings 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics:  Employment  and  Payrolls 

Table  C-l — Employment  Index  Numbers  by  Provinces 1210 

Table  C-2— Employment,  Payrolls  and  Weekly  Wages  and  Salaries 1210 

Table  C-3— Summary  of  Employment,  Payrolls  and  Average  Weekly  Wages  and  Salaries 1211 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics:  Man- Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings 

Table  C-4 — Hours  and  Earnings  in  Manufacturing 1212 

Table  C-5 — Hours  and  Earnings  in  Manufacturing  by  Provinces  and  Cities 1212 

Table  C-6 — Hours  and  Earnings  by  Industry 1213 

Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 
Table  C-7— Real  Earnings  in  Manufacturing 1214 

D— Employment  Service  Statistics 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 

Table  D-l — Unfilled  Vacancies  and  Unplaced  Applicants  as  at  First  of  Month 1215 

Table  D-2—  Unfilled  Vacancies  by  Industry  and  by  Sex 1216 

Table  D-3 — Unfilled  Vacancies  and  Unplaced  Applicants  by  Occupation  and  by  Sex 1217 

Table  D-4 — Activities  of  National  Employment  Service  Offices 1218 

Table  D-5 — Applications  and  Placements  Since  1943 1223 

E— Unemployment  Insurance 

Unemployment  Insurance  Commission  and  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
Report  on  the  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Table  E-l — Number  Receiving  Benefit  with  Amount  Paid 1223 

Table  E-2 — Persons  Signing  the  Live  Unemployment  Register  by  Number  of  Days  Continu- 
ously on  the  Register 1224 

Table  E-3 — Claims  for  Benefit  by  Provinces  and  Disposal  of  Claims 1224 

Table  E-4— Claimants  Not  Entitled  to  Benefit  with  Reasons  for  Non-Entitlement 1225 

Table  E-5 — Estimates  of  the  Insured  Population 1225 

Table  E-6 — Unemployment  Insurance  Fund 1226 

F— Prices 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 

Table  F-l— Index  Numbers  of  the  Cost  of  Living  in  Canada 1227 

Table  F-la— Consumer  Price  Index  Numbers,  Canada 1228 

Table  F-2— Index  Numbers  of  the  Cost  of  Living  for  Nine  Cities  of  Canada 1229 

Table  F-3— Index  Numbers  of  Staple  Food  Items 1229 

Table  F-4— Retail  Prices  of  Staple  Foods  and  Coal  by  Cities 1230 

Table  F-5 — Index  Numbers  of  the  Cost  of  Living  in  Canada  and  Other  Countries 1234 

Table  F-6 — Index  Numbers  of  Wholesale  Prices  in  Canada 1235 

G— Strikes  and  Lockouts 

Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 

Table  G-l— Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada  by  Month 1236 

Table  G-2 — Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada  During  June 1237 

1206 


A — Labour  Force 

TABLE  A-l.— ESTIMATED  DISTRIBUTION  OF  CANADIAN  MANPOWER 

(Thousands  of  persons  14  years  of  age  and  over) 
Source:  D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey- 


Week  Ended  May  16,  1953 


Total 


Males 


Females 


Week  Ended  April  18,  1953 


Total 


Males 


Females 


Total  civilian  noninstitutional  population 

A.  Civilian  labour  force 

Persons  at  work 

35  hours  or  more 

Less  than  35  hours 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

(a)  Laid  off  for  part  of  the  week 

(b)  on  short  time 

(c)  lost  job  during  the  week 

(d)  found  job  during  the  week 

(e)  bad  weather 

(f)  illness 

(g)  industrial  dispute 

(h)  vacation 

(i)    other 

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours 

Persons  with  jobs  not  at  work 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

(a)  laid  off  for  full  week 

(b)  bad  weather 

(c)  illness 

(d)  industrial  dispute ,. . 

(e)  vacation 

(f)  other 

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours 

Persons  without  jobs  and  seeking  work  0) 

B.  Persons  not  in  the  labour  force 

(a)  permanently  unable  or  too  old  to  work 

(b)  keeping  house 

(c)  going  to  school 

(d)  retired  or  voluntarily  idle 

(e)  other 


10,006 
5,321 
5,108 
4,720 
388 
177 

25 

* 

20 
*  20 
24 
73 
211 
99 
96 
11 

54 
20 


114 

4,685 

181 

3,316 

663 

509 

16 


4,995 
4,151 
3,969 
3,767 
202 
130 

19 


102 

844 

115 

* 

334 

383 

10 


5,011 


170 

139 

95:] 

ISO 

47 


10 
24 
139 
19 
18 


12 

3,841 

66 

3,314 

329 

126 


10,002 
5,241 
4,941 
4,645 
296 
104 


16 
192 
135 
131 

27 


165 

4,761 

175 

3,338 

681 

547 

20 


4,993 
4,097 
3,834 
3,674 
160 


20 


14 
72 
112 
109 
24 
i 

*  50 
13 
14 


151 
896 

•117 

346 

419 

12 


5,009 

1,144 

1,107 

971 

136 

16 


120 
23 
22 


14 

3,865 

58 

3,336 

335 

128 


U>  Included  here  are  only  those  who  did  not  work  during  the  entire  survey  week  and  were  reported  looking  for  work. 
For  all  those  who  were  reported  as  seeking  work  during  the  survey  week,  see  Table  A-2. 
*  Less  than  10,000. 


TABLE  A-2.— PERSONS  LOOKING  FOR  WORK  IN  CANADA 

(Estimates  in  thousands) 
Source:  D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey 


Week  Ended  May  16,  1953 

Week  Ended  April  18,  1953 



Total 

Seeking 

Full-Time 

Work 

Seeking 

Part-Time 

Work 

Total 

Seeking 

Full-Time 

Work 

Seeking 

Part-Time 

Work 

124 

114 
36 

38 

27 

10 

* 

* 

10 

* 
* 

113 
105 

* 

11 

* 
* 
* 

176 

165 
46 
62 
42 

10 

• 

^  11 

158 
151 

• 

18 

14 





7-12  months 

13-18  months 

Worked 

* 

* 

* 

Less  than  10,000. 


1207 


TABLE  A-3.— REGIONAL  DISTRIBUTIONS,  WEEK  ENDED  MAY  16, 1953 

(Estimates  in  thousands) 


Canada 


Nfld. 


P.E.I. 

N.S. 
N.B. 


Quebec 


Ontario 


Man. 

Sask. 
Alta. 


B.C. 


The  Labour  Force 

Both  Sexes 

Agricultural 

Non-Agricultural 

Males... 

Agricultural 

Non-Agricultural 

Females 

Agricultural 

Non-Agricultural 

All  ages 

14-19  years 

20-24  years 

25-44  years 

45-64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Persons  with  Jobs 

All  status  groups 

Males 

Females 

Agricultural 

Non-Agricultural 

Paid  workers 

Males 

Females 

Persons  without  Jobs  and  Seeking  Work 
Both  Sexes 

Persons  not  in  the  Labour  Force 

Both  sexes 

Males 

Females 


5,321 

892 

4,429 

4,151 

843 
3,308 

1,170 
49 

1,121 

5,231 

498 

734 

2,461 

1,414 

214 


5,207 
4,049 
1,158 

887 
4,320 

3,902 
2,870 
1,032 


108 

100 


20 


108 

14 
18 

50 

23 


103 
83 
20 


101 


65 
341 

327 
62 

265 

79 
76 


39 
55 

184 
108 
20 


1,512 

212 

1,300 

1,177 
207 
970 

335 

330 

1,512 
179 
240 
697 
355 
41 


1,903 

219 

1,684 

1,453 

208 

1,245 

450 

11 

439 

1,903 
152 
241 
886 
540 
84 


390 
311 

79 

64 
326 

285 
216 


1,469 

1,139 

330 

211 
1,258 

1,139 
835 
304 


1,876 

1,429 

447 

218 
1,658 

1,510 

1,102 

408 


960 
372 

588 

773 
347 
426 

187 
25 
162 


130 
435 
259 
47 


949 
764 
185 

371 

578 

533 

384 
149 


432 
22 
410 

333 

17 

316 

99 


432 
25 
50 
209 
129 
19 


420 

323 

97 


351 
266 

85 


43 


27 


4,685 

844 

3,841 


130 
35 


438 

87 

351 


1,306 

215 

1,091 


1,541 

252 

1,289 


838 
153 
685 


432 
102 
330 


Less  than  10,000. 


TABLE  A-l.— DISTRIBUTION  OF  ALL  IMMIGRANTS  BY  REGION 

Source:  Immigration    Branch,    Department    of    Citizenship    and    Immigration 


B.C. 

Canada 

Adult 

Month 

Atlantic 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Prairies 

Yukon 
N.W.T. 

Total 

Males 

1949— Total 

2,777 

18,005 

48,607 

17,904 

7,924 

95,217 

39,044 

1950— Total 

2,198 

13,575 

39,041 

12,975 

6,123 

73,912 

30,700 

1951— Total 

3,928 

46,033 

104,842 

25, 165 

14,423 

194,391 

95,818 

1952— Total 

4,531 

35,318 

86,059 

23,560 

15,030 

164,498 

66,083 

1952— Jan.-May 

2,065 

18,173 

44,270 

10,673 

6,907 

82,088 

37,786 

1953— Jan.-May 

1,912 

11,099 

30,982 

10,901 

5,066 

59,960 

24,727 

1208 


TABLE  A-5.— DISTRIBUTION  OF  WORKERS  ENTERING  CANADA  BY  OCCUPATIONS 

Source:  Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 


Month 

c 

11 
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fig 
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1 
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a; 

OS 

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fee 

S3 

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C  cS  c 

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b 
3 
O 

co 

03 

6 

to 

03 

O 

la 
o 

H 

1951— Total 

4,001 
7,054 

2,685 

3,644 

5,317 
6,900 

3,083 

2,371 

25,890 
16,971 

9,572 

7,955 

5,402 
1,526 

793 

382 

114,786 

1952— Total 

85,029 

1952— Jan. -May 

1953— Jan.-May 

46,060 

698 

1,276 

4,342 

281 

9,282 

2,439 

32,670 

Due  to  changes  in  occupational  classifications,  comparisons  with  earlier  periods  can  not  be  made  for  all  groups. 
Where  possible,  comparisons  are  indicated  in  the  above  table. 


B — Labour  Income 

TABLE  B-l.— ESTIMATES  OF  LABOUR  INCOME 

($  Millions) 
Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


Agricul- 
ture, 
Forestry, 

Fishing, 
Trapping, 

Mining 


Manu- 
facturing 


Construc- 


Utilities, 
Transport- 
ation, 
Communi- 
cation, 
Storage, 
Trade 


Finance, 
Services, 
(including 
Govern- 
ment) 


Supple- 
mentary 
Labour 
Income 


Total 


1 943 — Average . . . 
1944 — Average.  . . 
1945 — Average .  . . 
1946 — Average .  . . 
1947 — Average.  .  . 
1948 — Average .  .  . 
11949— Average.  . 
1950— Average. . . 
1951 — Average.  .  . 
1952— Average .  . . 

1950— December . 

1951 — January 

February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 
October .  .  . 
November 
December . 

1952 — January 

February .  . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 
October. . . 
November 
December . 

1953 — January. .   . 
February . . 

March 

April 


168 
171 
156 
147 
177 
203 
214 
231 
270 


251 

249 
252 
257 
263 
266 
273 
273 
277 
282 
280 
280 
286 

279 
284 
290 
291 
292 
292 
294 
304 
312 
314 
318 
322 

317 
322 
325 
326 


95 
100 
114 
134 
154 
169 
180 
208 
230 

193 

189 
190 
193 
199 
205 
211 
212 
214 
217 
219 
223 
222 

215 
216 
218 
222 
227 
231 
234 
234 
236 
239 
242 
245 

247* 
235 
236 
253* 


78 
83 
90 
103 
114 
131 
147 
156 
178 
197 

162 

164 
162 
175 
171 
177 
179 
179 
180 
182 
188 
191 
188 

188 
193 
193 
193 
197 
200- 
201 
197 
198 
202 
202 
205 


207 
213 
213 


399 
412 
413 
444 
518 
597 
647 
693 
806 
895 

746 

734 
733 
750 
765 
794 
818 
820 
832 
847 
858 
867 


839 
849 
852 
852 
875 
885 
901 
919 
931 
946 
952 
942 


924 


t  Includes  Newfoundland,  since  1949. 


Includes  retroactive  wage  payment  to  railway  employees. 


1209 


C — Employment,  Hours  and  Earnings 


TABLE    C-l.— EMPLOYMENT    INDEX    NUMBERS    BY    PROVINCES 

(Average  calendar  year  1939  =  100.)        (The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision.) 

Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 

Tables  C-l  to  C-3  are  based  on  reports  from  employers  having  15  or  more  employees— At  May  1,  employers  in  the 

principal  non-agricultural  industries  reported  a  total  employment  of  2,403,162. 


Year  and  Month 


£8 

Zee 


a 


■^  s 

'Co 

mo 


1947— Average 

1948 — Average 

1949 — Average 

1950 — Average 

1951 — Average 

1952 — Average 

Jan.       1,   1952 

Feb.      1,  1952 

Mar.      1,  1952 

Apr.      1,  1952 

May      1,   1952 

June      1,  1952 

July       1,  1952 

Aug.      1,   1952 

Sept.     1,  1952 

Oct.       1,  1952 

Nov.     1,  1952 

Dec.     1,  1952 

Jan.       1,  1953 

Feb.      1,  1953 

Mar.      1,   1953 

Apr.      1,  1953 

May      1,  1953 

Percentage  Distribution  of  Employees  of  Re- 
porting Establishments  at  May  1,  1953. 


146-5 
161-0 
157-0 
173-1 
176-8 
193-4 
175-2 
183-4 
160-6 
213-4 
175-6 
191-7 
199-4 
207-9 
209-2 
205-4 
199-8 
199-0 
184-4 
176-5 
167-6 
168-0 
177-6 


137-2 
148-4 
149-0 
142-5 
149-4 
155-0 
149-2 
150-9 
146-7 
148-9 
146-2 
151-5 
160-6 
160-4 
163-8 
163-6 
160-2 
158-0 
154-5 
151-1 
146-7 
145-5 
146-5 


172-7 
174-2 
165-6 
169-9 
180-5 
181-3 
190-7 
186-3 
185-3 


192 

167 

174 

ITS 

172 

1S3 

186 

177-1 

180-9 

178-9 

167-3 

164-3 

161-3 

159-1 


150-9 
156-2 
154-3 
155-0 
168-5 
175-0 
171-7 
169-0 
169-6 
166-4 
164-2 
170-9 
177-3 
183-5 
179-3 
182-1 
182-8 
183-1 
175-6 
171-3 
170-6 
169-1 
171-9 


163-9 
171-2 
173-1 
177-7 
191-0 
193-8 
190-3 
187-6 
187-5 
187-6 
188-3 
191-6 
196-5 
195-9 
198-3 
200-7 
200-4 
200-7 
198-2 
195-7 
195-4 
196-0 
197-0 


156-0 
162-0 
166 

168 
173 
176 
173 


167-8 
168-8 
170-9 
176-6 
179-2 
182-7 
182-7 
183-0 
182-6 
183-9 
177-9 
173-3 
170-9 
171-5 
174-8 


135-8 
139-0 
139-7 
140-8 
148-1 
155-7 
152-1 
142-4 
141-7 
142-0 
147-3 
158-5 
162-3 
166-1 
164-2 
162-4 
164-2 


158-9 
168-9 
180-3 
188-5 
202-6 
217-9 
206-0 
201-7 
201-8 
201-6 
207-0 
214-1 
222-4 
231-5 
235-3 
230-7 
231-3 
231-6 
226-6 
219.3 
221-3 
219-3 
223-3 


174-1 
181-6 
179-3 
180-7 
190-3 
191-3 
186-4 
179-9 
183-9 
188-6 
192-7 
195-1 
171-2 
183-9 
201-9 
206-3 
205-2 
200-8 
190-7 
181-1 
183-1 
187-5 
190-8 


100-0 


0-2 


3-4       2-3      29-0     43-6       5-2       2-3       5-0 


Note:— The  percentage  distribution  given  above  shows  the  proportion  of  employees  in  the  indicated  province,  to 
the'total  number  of  employees  reported  in  Canada  by  the  firms  making  returns  at  the  latest  date. 

TABLE  C-2.— EMPLOYMENT,  PAYROLLS  AND  WEEKLY  WAGES  AND  SALARIES 

(1939  =  100)        (The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision) 
Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 


Industrial  Composite1 

Manufacturing 

Year  and  Month 

Index  Numbers 

Average 

weekly 

Wages  and 

Salaries 

Index  Numbers 

Average 

Weekly 

Wages  and 

Salaries 

Employ- 
ment 

Aggregate 
Weekly 
Payrolls 

Average 

Wages  and 

Salaries 

Employ- 
ment 

Aggregate 
Weekly 
Payrolls 

Average 

Wages  and 

Salaries 

1939- 

-Ave 

-Ave 
-Ave 
-Ave 
-Ave 
-Ave 
-Ave 

100-0 

158-3 

165-0 
165-5 
168-0 
180-2 
184-7 
181-0 
177-8 
178-0 
177-9 
177-4 
182-5 
185-5 
188-8 
190-6 
192-6 
192-3 
192-2 
187-0 
182-5 
182-0 
182-0 
184-0 

100-0 

245-2 
282-9 
303-7 
321-8 
381-3 
426-1 
388-8 
402-9 
409-0 
411-5 
410-6 
420-2 
426-3 
433-3 
442-7 
452-2 
455-8 
459-5 
428-7 
441-1 
445-0 
444-4 
450-8 

100-0 

154-4 
170-9 
183-3 
191-3 
211-6 
230-9 
215-1 
226-9 
230-2 
231-7 
231-8 
230-7 
230-2 
229-9 
232-7 
235-2 
237-4 
239-4 
229-6 
242-0 
244-9 
244-6 
245-3 

$    23.44 

36.19 
40.06 
42.96 
44.84 
49.61 
54.13 
50.42 
53.19 
53.95 
54.32 
54.34 
54.08 
53.96 
53.89 
54.55 
55.12 
55.65 
56.12 
53.81 
56.72 
57.40 
57.33 
•      57.51 

100-0 

171-0 
176-0 
175-9 
177-5 
190-0 
192-4 
183-6 
185-2 
187-3 
188-3 
188-7 
190-9 
191-4 
194-1 
198-5 
200-8 
199-8 
199-6 
196-3 
197-6 
199-5 
201-1 
201-5 

100-0 

272-7 
314-1 
339-2 
360-2 
427-6 
474-0 
417-8 
449-9 
458-0 
467-2 
468-4 
470-1 
470- 1 
474-6 
490-9 
503-0 
505-7 
512-2 
473-2 
510-3 
518-7 
524-5 
525-7 

100-0 

159-5 
178-5 
192-9 
202-8 
224-9 
246-2 
227-4 
242-9 
244-5 
248-1 
248-1 
246-2 
245-5 
244-4 
247-3 
250-5 
253-0 
256-5 
241-0 
258-1 
260-0 
260-8 
260-8 

$    22.79 

1947- 

36.34 

1948- 

40.67 

1949- 

43.97 

1950- 

46.21 

1951- 

51.25 

1952- 

56.11 

1952 

51.82 

Feb. 

1952 

55.36 

1952 

55.73 

Apr. 
May 

1952 

56.55 

1952 

56.55 

1952 

56.10 

July 

1952 

55.95 

Aug. 
Sept. 

1952 

55.71 

1952 

56.36 

Oct. 

1952 

57.09 

1952 

57.66 

Dec. 

1952 

58.46 

1953 

54.93 

Feb. 

1953 

58.83 

1953 

59.25 

1953 

59.44 

May 

1953 

59.44 

1  Includes  (1)  Forestry  (chiefly  logging)  (2)  Mining  (including  milling),  quarrying  and  oil  wells.  (3)  Manufacturing. 
(4)  Construction.  (5)  Transportation,  storage  and  communication.  (6)  Public  utility  operation.  (7)  Trade.  (8)  Finance, 
insurance  and  real  estate  and  (9)  Service,  (mainly  hotels,  restaurants,  laundries,  dry  cleaning  plants,  business  and  recre- 
ational service). 


1210 


TABLE  C-3.— AREA  AND  INDUSTRY  SUMMARY  OF  EMPLOYMENT,  PAYROLLS 
AND  AVERAGE  WEEKLY  WAGES  AND  SALARIES 

(1939  =  100) 

Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 


Index  Numbers  (1939 

=  100) 

Average  Wee 
Wages  and  Sa 

kly 

Area  and  Industry 

Employment 

Payrolls 

May  1 
1953 

Apr.  1 
1953 

May  1 
1952 

May  1 
1953 

Apr.  1 
1953 

May  1 
1952 

May  1 

1953 

Apr.  1 
1953 

Mav  1 
1952 

(a)  Provinces 

177-6 
146-5 
159-1 
171-9 
197-0 
174-8 
152-5 
223-3 
190-8 

184  0 

109-8 
206-7 
165-3 
166-4 
168-7 
164-9 
173-8 
189-3 
188-7 
193-8 
307-6 
314-4 
243-4 
210-0 
208-4 
191-0 
167-4 
184-8 
185-1 
204-7 
311-2 
247-5 
260-4 
237-6 
176-6 
177-9 
199-0 
307-7 
230-0 
200-5 
231-9 

93-0 
120-5 
201-5 
264-4 
161-0 
175-0 

183-1 
195-4 
181-0 
182-6 
190-7 

184-0 

168-0 
145-5 
161-3 
169-1 
196-0 
171-5 
147-7 
219-3 
187-5 

182  0 

110-6 
215-5 
186-0 
162-3 
169-6 
157-9 
172-4 
187-2 
188-7 
191-0 
308-1 
305-6 
243-2 
209-1 
207-9 
193-3 
165-0 
183-9 
182-7 
202-8 
313-3 
243-8 
256-3 
231-1 
174-3 
175-1 
190-6 
295-9 
228-8 
200-8 
229-3 

123-9 
120-6 
201-1 
263-3 
160-9 
156-8 

176-7 
192-4 
180-1 
182-5 
189-3 

182-0 

175-6 
146-2 
167-4 
164-2 
188-3 
170-9 
147-3 
207-0 
192-7 

177  4 

111-7 
209-9 
170-6 
153-8 
170-4 
171-1 
184-7 
177-7 
187-1 
196-1 
251-3 
269-5 
238-1 
196-0 
202-5 
211-4 
152-9 
170-6 
174-2 
189-1 
311-6 
234-1 
238-2 
226-2 
171-3 
164-6 
189-0 
257-2 
219-8 
202-4 
223-7 

123-1 
122-4 
188-7 
243-3 
153-5 
174-2 

181-1 
188-4 
173-2 
178-3 
183-7 

177-4 

406-1 
337-4 
386-1 
440-1 
480-0 
374-1 
340-8 
513-8 
467-7 

450  8 

292-6 
415-1 
345-7 
419-2 
409-4 
435-9 
474-8 
461-3 
417-9 
547-7 
876-0 
924-5 
663-2 
499-3 
533-2 
532-0 
441-0 
478-6 
432-5 
474-0 
803-1 
618-8 
629-9 
565-7 
374-7 
391-0 
443-6 
770-4 
495-1 
472-1 
546-7 

321-2 
284-0 
525-7 
696-8 
402-9 
556-5 

392-5 
429-5 
402-5 
327-4 
420-9 

450-8 

384-9 
332-2 
394-5 
435-4 
475-7 
363-6 
327-3 
498-2 
451-7 

414-4 

278-6 
439-3 
384-6 
407-2 
418-4 
423-3 
477-1 
454-7 
417-3 
548-8 
888-6 
897-8 
659-7 
494-4 
532-6 
527-8 
435-2 
476-8 
427-3 
465-4 
812-7 
618-3 
629-2 
535-7 
367-6 
383-8 
423-6 
723-1 
487-9 
466-3 
537-7 

428-6 
280-7 
524-5 
694-9 
402-1 
509-5 

372-2 
425-1 
396-3 
325-0 
415-1 

444-4 

364-6 
324-9 
383-8 
401-0 
432-2 
342-6 
307-8 
441-6 
444-5 

410-6 

294-9 
399-9 
342-5 
359-8 
392-9 
422-5 
460-5 
409-8 
391-1 
538-3 
675-0 
701-7 
622-1 
439-6 
490-0 
588-8 
376-7 
416-0 
389-0 
416-0 
756-7 
554-8 
575-3 
505-5 
343-2 
344-7 
396-9 
562-9 
451-6 
455-0 
501-6 

400-8 
276-1 
468-4 
608-2 
368-0 
512-9 

358-9 
395-6 
363-9 
304-3 
376-1 

410-6 

$ 

45.52 
49.38 
49.35 
54.51 
59.71 
55.06 
54.12 
58.52 
63.72 

57.51 

59.56 
47.20 
44.80 
46.94 
47.15 
52.90 
52.30 
55.68 
51.22 
59.70 
67.22 
71.03 
66.86 
60.06 
61.88 
57.87 
54.15 
54.97 
70.14 
54.79 
71.44 
69.61 
64.14 
60.77 
51.80 
50.06 
49.32 
58.98 
55.50 
59.06 
56.51 

59.81 
68.02 
59.44 
64.04 
54.57 
59.77 

61.32 
64.73 
48.58 
52.17 
37.05 

57.51 

$ 

45.61 

48.97 
49.72 
54.83 
59.48 
54.52 
53.64 
57.78 
62.64 

57.33 

56.31 
47.90 
44.30 
46.74 
47.95 
53.65 
52.97 
55.51 
51.14 
60.71 
68.08 
70.97 
66.55 
59.73 
61.97 
56.72 
54.18 
55.03 
70.23 
54.29 
71.81 
70.59 
65.10 
59.17 
51.48 
49.94 
49.18 
57.56 
54.99 
58.25 
56.20 

59.89 
67.19 
59.44 
64.12 
54.51 
61.07 

60.26 
65.05 
48.06 
51.84 
36.80 

57.33 

$ 
41.32 

47.62 

46.53 

52.00 

56.27 

51.57 

50.66 

54.27 

59.97 

CANADA 

54.34 

(b)  Metropolitan  Areas 

59.01 

44.62 

43.02 

43.60 

44.74 

49.40 

47.73 

52.73 

Ottawa— Hull 

48.42 

57.98 

63.53 

62.75 

64.12 

Toronto 

Hamilton 

56.66 
58.59 
57.83 

Gait 

50.55 

51.81 

67.09 

52.09 

67.32 

Windsor 

66.07 

Sault  Ste.  Marie 

64.20 

Ft.  William— Pt.  Arthur 

56.81 

48.87 

47.42 

Saskatoon 

46.60 
51.48 

Calgary 

52.88 

Vancouver 

56.37 

53.74 

(c)  Industries 

56.38 

Mining 

65.09 

Manufacturing 

56.55 

Durable  Goods  * 

60.73 

52.28 

Construction 

55  35 

Transportation,      storage,      communi- 
cation   

56.70 

61.82 

Trade 

45.91 

Service  2 

49.65 
34.22 

Industrial  composite 

54.34 

1  Includes  wood  products,  iron  and  steel  products,  transportation  equipment,  non-ferrous  metal  products,  electrical 
apparatus  and  supplies  and  non-metallic  mineral  products.  The  non-durable  group  includes  the  remaining  manufacturing 
industries. 

2  Mainly  hotels,  restaurants,  laundries,  dry  cleaning  plants  and  business  and  recreational  services. 


1211 


76944— S 


Tables  C-4  to  C-6  are  based  on  reports  from  a  somewhat  smaller  number  of  firms  than  Tables  Ol  to  C-3. 
They  relate  only  to  wage-earners  for  whom  statistics  of  hours  of  work  are  also  available,  whereas  Tables  C-l  t« 
C-3  relate  to  salaried  employees  as  well  as  to  all  wage-earners  of  the  co-operative  firms. 

TABLE  C-4.— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  IN  MANUFACTURING 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage-Earners)        Source:  Man-hours  and  Hourly  earnings,  D.B.S. 


Year  and   Month 


All  Manufactures 


Average 
Hours 


Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 


Average 
Weekly 
Wages 


Durable  Goods 


Average 
Hours 


Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 


Average 
Weekly 
Wages 


Non-Durable  Goods 


Average 
Hours 


Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 


Average 
Weekly 
Wages 


1945- 
1946- 

1947- 
1948- 
1949- 
1950- 
1951— 
1952- 

*Jan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Apr. 
May 
June 
July 
Aug. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Dec. 

"Jan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Apr. 
Mav 


-Average . 
-Average . 
-Average. 
-Average. 
-Average. 
•Average . 
-Average . 
-Average . 


,  1952. 

,  1952. 

,  1952. 

,  1952. 

,  1952. 

,  1952. 

,  1952. 

,  1952. 

,  1952. 

,  1952. 

,  1952. 

,  1952. 

,  1953. 

,  1953. 

,  1953. 

,  1953. 

,  1953. 


No. 

44-3 
42-7 
42-5 
42-2 
42-3 
42-3 
41-8 
41-5 

38-1 
41-6 
41-7 
42-1 
41-9 
41-3 
41-3 
41-1 
41-6 
42-1 
42-1 
42-5 

38-3 
41-9 
42-1 
42-1 
41-9 


cts. 

69-4 
700 
80-3 
91-3 
98-6 
103-6 
116-8 
129-2 

127-1 
127-1 
127-8 
129-0 
129-4 
129-7 
128-6 
128-9 
129-5 
129-9 
131-0 
132-1 

134-0 

134-2 
134-4 
134-9 
135-6 


30.74 
29.87 
34.13 
38.53 
41.71 
43.82 
48.82 
53.62 

48.43 
52.87 
53.29 
54.31 
54.22 
53.57 
53.11 
52.98 
53.87 
54.69 
55.15 
56.14 

51.32 
56.23 
56.58 
56.79 
56.82 


No. 

44-7 
42-8 
42-7 
42-3 
42-5 
42-5 
42-0 
41-6 

38-3 
41-9 
41-8 
42-3 
42-1 
41-4 
41-4 
41-1 
41-8 
42-2 
42-1 
42-6 

38-5 
41-9 
42-4 
42-3 
42-2 


cts. 

76-7 
76-4 
87-2 
98-4 
106-5 
112-0 
125-8 
139-8 

136-4 
137-5 
138-4 
139-6 
139-5 
139-6 
138-3 
139-4 
141-2 
141-8 
142-6 
143-6 

144-5 
145-7 
146-3 
146-7 
146-9 


34.28 
32-70 
37.23 
41.62 
45.26 
47.60 
52.84 
58.16 

52.24 
57.61 
57.85 
59.05 
58.73 
57.79 
57.26 
57.29 
59.02 
59.84 
60.03 
61.17 

55.63 
61.05 
62.03 
62.05 
61.99 


No. 

43-7 
42-6 
42-3 
42-0 
42-0 
42-2 
41-7 
41-3 

37-9 
41-2 
41-5 
41-8 
41-6 


41-3 
41-2 
41-1 
41-4 
42-0 
42-1 
42-2 


38-2 
41-8 
41-7 
41-8 
41-5 


cts. 

60-7 
63-8 
73-4 
840 
90-6 
95-2 
107-2 
117-4 

116-8 
115-7 
116-0 
116-9 
117-8 
118-4 
117-9 
117-5 
116-8 
117-0 
118-4 
119-3 

121-8 
120-8 
120-7 
121-3 
122-4 


26.53 
27.18 
31.05 
35.28 
38.05 
40.17 
44.70 
48.49 

44.27 
47.67 
48.14 
48.86 
49-00 
48.90 
48.57 
48.29 
48.36 
49.14 
49.85 
50.34 

46.53 
50.49 
50.33 
50.70 
50.80 


•The  averages  at  these  dates  were  affected  by  loss  of  working  time  at  the  year-end  holidays  in  the  case  of  January  1 


TABLE  C-5.— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  IN  MANUFACTURING  BY  PROVINCES 

AND  CITIES 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage  Earners)        Source:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings,  D.B.S. 


Average  Hours  Worked 

Average  Hourly  Earnings 
(in  cents) 

Mav   1, 
1953 

Apr.    1, 
1953 

May  1. 
1952 

Mav  1, 
1953 

Apr.  1, 
1953 

May  1, 
1952 

42-8 
42-0 
42-5 
43-3 
41-5 
40-9 
40-8 
40-6 
38-4 

42-3 
41-0 
40-4 
43-0 
40-6 
38-2 

42-2 
41-7 
42-3 
43-6 
41-7 
40-9 
41-3 
40-4 
38-1 

42-6 
41-1 
40-8 
43-7 
40-6 
37-7 

43-0 
42-6 
43-7 
43-5 
41-2 
40-9 
41-1 
40-4 
38-6 

42-7 
40-7 
39-8 
42-2 
40-6 
38-0 

131-6 
121-5 
120-5 
121-1 
143-6 
131-1 
134-3 
139-5 
164-6 

127-7 
143-4 
155-5 
164-8 
130-0 
1610 

130-2 

121-1 
119-4 
120-6 
143-0 
130- 1 
135-0 
137-5 
163-9 

127-4 
142-7 
155-8 
1651 
128-8 
160-4 

124-6 

115-4 

114-3 

115-2 

137-6 

121-6 

129-4 

130-3 

157-8 

120-5 

Toronto 

136-1 

148-2 

159-3 

120- 1 

154-9 

1212 


TABLE  C-6.— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  BY  INDUSTRY 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage-Earners) 

Source:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings,  D.B.S. 

(The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision) 


Industry 


Mining 

Metal  mining 

Gold 

Other  metal 

Fuels 

Coal 

Oil  and  natural  gas 

Non-metal 

Manufacturing 

Food  and  beverages 

Meat  products 

Canned  and  preserved  fruits  and  vegetables 

Grain  mill  products 

Bread  and  other  bakery  products 

Distilled  and  malt  liquors 

Tobacco  and  tobacco  products 

Rubber  products 

Leather  products 

Boots  and  shoes  (except  rubber) 

Textile  products  (except  clothing) 

Cotton  yarn  and  broad  woven  goods 

Woollen  goods 

Synthetic  textiles  and  silk 

Clothing  (textile  and  fur) 

Men's  clothing 

Women's  clothing 

Knit  goods 

•Wood  products 

Saw  and  planing  mills 

Furniture 

Other  wood  products 

Paper  products 

Pulp  and  paper  mills 

Other  paper  products 

Printing,  publishing  and  allied  industries 

*Iron  and  steel  products 

Agricultural  implements 

Fabricated  and  structural  steel 

Hardware  and  tools 

Heating  and  cooking  appliances 

Iron  castings 

Machinery  manufacturing 

Primary  iron  and  steel 

Sheet  metal  products 

•Transportation  equipment 

Aircraft  and  parts 

Motor  vehicles 

Motor  vehicle  parts  and  accessories 

Railroad  and  rolling  stock  equipment 

Shipbuilding  and  repairing 

*  Non-ferrous  metal  products 

Aluminum  products 

Brass  and  copper  products 

Smelting  and  refining 

•Electrical  apparatus  and  supplies 

Heavy  electrical  machinery  and  equipment 

*  Non-metallic  mineral  products 

Clay  products 

Glass  and  glass  products 

Products  of  petroleum  and  coal 

Chemical  products 

Medicinal  and  pharmaceutical  preparations. 

Acids,  alkalis  and  salts 

Miscellaneous  manufacturing  industries 

•Durable  goods 

Non-durable  goods 

Construction 

Buildings  and  structures 

Highways,  bridges  and  streets 

Electric  and  motor  transportation 

Service 

Hotels  and  restaurants 

Laundries  and  dry  cleaning  plants 


Average  Hours 


May  1  Apr.  1  May  1 
1953      1953      1952 


Average  Hourly 
Earnings 


May  1  Apr.  1  May  1 
1953      1953      1952 


cts. 

153 

156 
133 

171 
153 

149 
165 
143 
135 

116 
143 
103 
127 
102 
140 
134 
144 
95 
92 
107 
110 
101 
108 
95 
94 
100 
95 
120 
128 
109 
103 
150 
160 
119 
157 
152 
162 
160 
135 
134 
149 
144 
169 
142 
156 
154 
169 
156 
157 
146 
150 
141 
142 
162 
142 
156 
133 
124 
129 
181 
137 
112 
157 
111 
146 
122 
142 
157 
106 
134 
78 
77 
75 


Average  Weekly 
Wages 


May  1  Apr.  1  May  1 
1953      1953      1952 


65.06 

69.42 

61.67 

74.21 

58.29 

55.24 

70.09 

61.33 

56  82 

48.31 

58.05 

40.68 

52.02 

45.44 

58.51 

55.47 

59.99 

39.61 

37 

45.15 

43.02 

44.41 

49.50 

37.43 

37.69 

36.14 

39.21 

50.81 

53.36 

47 

45.23 

65.83 

71.35 

50.42 

63.55 

63.63 

64.79 

66.48 

58.17 

56.28 

64.46 

61.90 

67 

58.30 

66.87 

67.05 

74.11 

66.17 

64.77 

63.55 

62.48 

60.01 

59.95 

66.87 

59.32 

65.02 

58.52 

55.92 

58.79 

76.45 

58.19 

46.40 

65.01 

46.55 

61.99 

50.80 

59.22 

63.90 

43.61 

60.57 

32.96 

33.38 

31.35 


63.79 

69.08 

61.24 

73.81 

54.45 

49.64 

73.09 

61.26 

56.79 

48.60 

59.39 

42.10 

53.76 

45.43 

57.87 

49.80 

60.14 

39.87 

38.58 

45. 

44.27 

45.13 

49.51 

38 

38.18 

38.48 

39.48 

50.52 

53.11 

47.11 

45.58 

65.31 

70.74 

50.13 

63.35 

63.56 

62.01 

65.18 

58.70 

55.48 

64.80 

62 

68.66 

58.26 

67.24 

70.09 

75.51 

66.36 

63.15 

62.15 

61.92 

58. 

59.60 

66.34 

59.61 

66.52 

59.01 

55.95 

59.17 

73.45 

56.94 

45.92 

64.80 

45.73 

62.05 

50.70 

60.40 

63.35 

47.91 

60.03 

32.73 

32.90 

31.54 


62.46 

65.28 
60.17 
68.87 
59.02 
56.44 
69.56 
57.86 
54.22 
47.22 
59.52 
37.41 
53.78 
43.39 
57.08 
52.74 
55.87 
37.19 
36.00 
42.48 
37.76 
42.97 
47.29 
35.40 
34.96 
35.75 
36.29 
48.76 
51.69 
44.53 
42.74 
62.91 
68.43 
45.60 
58.67 
60.89 
64.84 
63.86 
54.91 
53.30 
60.15 
59.43 
65.01 
54.78 
62.03 
65.57 
68.34 
63.60 
57.25 
59.85 
60.36 
55.67 
57.49 
65.54 
56.62 
61.90 
55.45 
53.55 
55.02 
71.11 
56.05 
43.40 
63.68 
43.41 
58.73 
49.00 
54.95 
59.67 
41.82 
57.85 
31.76 
32.02 
30.22 


'Durable  manufactured  goods  industries. 


76944— 8i 


1213 


TABLE  C- 


7.— EARNINGS,  HOURS  AND  REAL  EARNINGS  FOR  WAGE  EARNERS  IN 
MANUFACTURING  INDUSTRIES  IN  CANADA 


Source:  Hours  Worked  and  Hourly  and  Weekly  Wages,  D.B.S.  Real  Wages  computed  by  the  Economics  and 
Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 


Date 


Average 

Hours 

Worked 

Per  Week 


Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 


Average 
Weekly 

Earnings 
(W.E.) 


Index    Numbers    (A v.    1949  =  100) 


Average 
Weekly 
Earnings 


Consumer 
Price 
Index- 


Average 

ReaWeekly 

Earnings 


Monthly  Average  1945. . 
Monthly  Average  1946. . , 
Monthly  Average  1947. . 
Monthly  Average  1948. . . 
Monthly  Average  1949. . 
Monthly  Average  1950. . 
Monthly  Average  1951 . . 
Monthly  Average  1952. . 

Week  Preceding: 

May  1,1952... 

June  1,1952... 

July  1,1952... 

August  1,1952... 
September  1,  1952... 
October  1,1952... 
November  1,  1952... 
December  1,  1952... 

January  1,  1953... 

February  1,1953... 

March  1,1953... 

April  1,1953... 

May  1,  1953C) 


44-3 
42-7 
42-5 
42-2 
42-3 
42-5 
42-1 
41-7 


41-7 
41-3 
41-3 
41-1 
41-6 
421 
42-1 
42-5 

42-2" 
41-9 
42-1 
42-1 
41-9 


69-4 
70-0 
80-3 
91-3 
98-6 
103-6 
116-8 
129-2 


129-4 
129-7 
128-6 
128-9 
129-5 
129-9 
131-0 
132-1 

134-0 
134-2 
134-4 
134-9 
135-6 


30-71 
29-87 
34-13 
38-53 
41-71 
44-03 
49-15 
53-88 


53-96 
53-57 
53-11 
52-98 
53-87 
54-69 
55  15 
5614 

56-55 
56-23 
56-58 
56-79 
56-82 


73-6 
71-6 
81-8 
92-4 
100-0 
105-6 
117-8 
129-2 


129-4 

128-4 


127- 
127- 

129 
131 
132 
134 


135-6 
134-8 
135-7 
136-2 
136-2 


750 
77-5 

84-8 
97-0 
100-0 
102-9 
113-7 
116-5 


115-9 
116-0 
116-1 
116-0 
116-1 
116-0 
116-1 
115-8 

115-7 
115-5 
114-6 
114-4 
114-9 


98-1 
92-4 
96-5 
95-3 
100-0 
102-6 
103-6 
110-9 


111-6 
110-7 
109-6 
109-5 
111-3 
113-0 
113-9 
116-1 

117-2 
116-7 
118-4 
119-1 
118-5 


Note:— Average  Real  Weekly  Earnings  were  computed  by  dividing  the  Consumer  Price  Index  into  the  average 
weekly  earnings  index.     (Average  1949  =  100). 

*Figures  adjusted  for  holidays.    The  actual  figures  are:  January  1,  1953,  38-3  hours,  $51.32. 
(*>  Latest  figures  subject  to  revision. 


1214 


D — National    Employment    Service    Statistics 


Tables  D-l  to  D-5  are  based  on  regular 
statistical  reports  from  local  offices  of  the 
National  Employment  Service.  These 
statistics  are  compiled  from  two  different 
reporting  forms,  UIC  751:  statistical  report 
on  employment  operations  by  industry,  and 
UIC  757:  inventory  of  registrations  and 
vacancies  by  occupation.  The  data  on 
applicants  and  vacancies  in  these  two 
reporting  forms  are  not  identical. 

Form  UIC  751:  This  form  provides  a 
cumulative  total  for  each  month  of  all 
vacancies  notified  by  employers,  applications 
made  by  workers,  and  referrals  and  place- 
ments made  by  the  National  Employment 
Service.  Also  reported  are  the  number  of 
vacancies  unfilled  and  applications  on  file 
at  the  beginning  and  end  of  each  reporting 
period.  Because  the  purpose  of  these  data 
is  to  give  an  indication  of  the  volume  of 
work  performed  in  various  local  National 
Employment  Service  offices,  all  vacancies 
and  applications  are  counted,  even  if  the 
vacancy  is  not  to  be  filled  until  some  future 
date  (deferred  vacancy)  or  the  application 
is  from  a  person  who  already  has  a  job 
and  wants  to  find  a  more  suitable  one. 

Form  UIC  757:  This  form  provides  a 
count  of  the  number  of  jobs  available  and 
applications  on  file  at  the  end  of  business 
on  a  specified  day.  Excluded  from  the  data 
on  unfilled  vacancies  are  orders  from 
employers  not  to  be  filled  until  some  future 
date.  The  data  on  job  applications  from 
workers  exclude  those  people  known  to  be 
already  employed,  those  known  to  be  regis- 


tered at  more  than  one  local  office  (the 
registration  is  counted  by  the  "home"  office), 
and  registrations  from  workers  who  will  not 
be  available  until  some  specified  future  date. 

From  January  24,  1952,  to  December  24, 
1952,  inclusive,  unemployment  insurance 
claimants  on  temporary  mass  lay-offs  were 
not  registered  for  employment  and  thus  were 
not  included  in  the  statistics  reported  on 
form  UIC  751  and  form  UIC  757.  A 
temporary  mass  lay-off  was  defined  as  a 
lay-off  either  for  a  determinate  or  indeter- 
minate period  which  affected  50  or  more 
workers  and  where  the  workers^  affected,  so 
far  as  was  known,  were  returning  to  work 
with  the  same  employer.  Commencing  15 
days  after  the  date  of  such  a  lay-off, 
claimants  still  on  the  live  insurance  register 
were  registered  for  employment  on  their  next 
visit  to  the  office  and  henceforth  were 
counted  in  both  statistical  reporting  forms. 
This  procedure  is  no  longer  in  effect,  as  all 
workers  on  temporary  mass  lay-offs  now  are 
registered  for  employment  and  so  counted  in 
the  statistical  reporting  forms.  This  change 
in  procedure  should  be  kept  in  mind  when 
comparing  the  figures  on  applications  for 
employment  during  1952  >  with  data  for 
earlier  and  subsequent  periods. 

Persons  losing  several  days'  work  each 
week  and  consequently  claiming  short-time 
unemployment  insurance  benefits  are  not 
included  in  either  statistical  reporting  form 
unless  they  specifically  ask  to  be  registered 
for  employment. 


TABLE  D-l.-UNFILLED  VACANCIES  AND  LIVE  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EMPLOYMENT 

(Source:  Form  U.I.C.  757) 


Month 


Unfilled  Vacancies" 


Male 


Female 


Total 


Live  Applications  for  Employment 


Male 


Female 


Total 


Date  Nearest: 

July  1,1947... 

July  1,1948... 

July  1,1949... 

July  1,1950... 

July  1,1951... 

July  1,1952... 

Aug.  1,1952... 

Sept,  1,1952... 

Oct.  1,1952... 

Nov.  1,1952... 

Dec.  1,1952... 

Jan.  1,1953... 

Feb.  1,1953... 
March  1,  1953... 

April  1,1953... 

May  1,1953... 

June  1,  1953(i) 

July  1,  1953(i) 


59,921 
34,242 
20,679 
24,392 
45,183 

22,772 
23.413 
26,178 
29,058 
23,846 
19,544 
12,051 
12,235 
13,604 
18,545 
24,982 
24,564 
21,229 


35,263 
22,183 
21,775 
15,500 
16,775 

17,679 
17,212 
20,870 
20, 685 
18,092 
15,738 
12,143 
13,264 
13,799 
16,368 
19,142 
21,143 
20,088 


95,184 
56,425 
42,454 
39,892 
61,958 

40,451 
40,625 
47,048 
49,743 
41,938 
35,282 
24,194 
25,499 
27,403 
34,913 
44,124 
45,707 
41,317 


80,985 
80,206 
103,275 
136,291 
86,997 

134,394 
118,318 
105,169 
93,699 
99,383 
142,788 
254,660 
317,723 
331,618 
338,500 
241,990 
152,488 
124,396 


33,514 
38,364 
44,216 
68,280 
52,773 

61,866 
57,396 
51,121 
49,140 
49,258 
51,725 
60,901 
73,213 
72,065 
66,702 
57,397 
49,614 
55,920 


114,499 
118,570 
147,491 
204,571 
139,770 

196,260 
175,714 
156,290 
142,839 
148,641 
194,513 
315,561 
390,936 
403,683 
405,202 
299,387 
202,102 
180,316 


* — Current  vacancies  only.     Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 
(!) — Latest  figures  subject  to  revision. 


1215 


TABLE  D-2.— UNFILLED  VACANCIES  BY  INDUSTRY  AND  BY  SEX  AS  AT 

MAY  30,  1953(0 

(Sourcb:  Form  U.I.C.  751) 


Industry 


Male 

Female 

2,010 

822 

1,485 

6 

866 

52 

496 

16 

186 

11 

102 

9 

21 

1 

61 

15 

6,028 

4,058 

722 

606 

4 

3 

66 

27 

144 

246 

168 

247 

387 

1,674 

639 

77 

207 

57 

354 

156 

877 

155 

1,191 

142 

216 

61 

343 

206 

137 

32 

63 

13 

315 

165 

195 

191 

4,346 

115 

3,433 

76 

913 

39 

1,865 

354 

1,687 

125 

90 

27 

88 

202 

240 

32 

3,806 

3,492 

1,216 

772 

2,590 

2,720 

1,446 

1,357 

4,061 

11,173 

374 

1,548 

1,572 

642 

180 

170 

518 

451 

1,417 

8,362 

26,153 

21,461 

Total 


Change  from 


April  30, 
1953 


May  29, 
1952 


Agriculture,  Fishing,  Trapping 

Forestry 

Mining,  Quarrying  and  Oil  Wells 

Metal  Mining 

Fuels 

Non-Metal  Mining 

Quarrying,  Clay  and  Sand  Pits 

Prospecting 

Manufacturing 

Foods  and  Beverages 

Tobacco  and  Tobacco  Products 

Rubber  Products 

Leather  Products 

Textile  Products  (except  clothing) 

Clothing  (textile  and  fur) 

Wood  Products 

Paper  Products 

Printing,  Publishing  and  Allied  Industries . . . 

Iron  and  Steel  Products 

Transportation  Equipment 

Non-Ferrous  Metal  Products 

Electrical  Apparatus  and  Supplies 

Non-Metallic  Mineral  Products 

Products  of  Petroleum  and  Coal 

Chemical  Products 

Miscellaneous  Manufacturing  Industries 

Construction 

General  Contractors 

Special  Trade  Contractors 

Transportation,  Storage  and  Communication 

Transportation 

Storage 

Communication 

Public  Utility  Operation 

Trade 

Wholesale 

Retail 

Finance,  Insurance  and  Real  Estate 

Service 

Community  or  Public  Service 

Government  Service 

Recreation  Service 

Business  Service 

Personal  Service 

Grand  Total 


2,832 
1,491 

918 

512 
197 
111 

22 
76 

10,086 

1,328 

7 

93 

390 

415 

2,061 
716 
264 
510 

1,032 

1,333 
277 
549 
169 
76 
480 
386 

4,461 

3,509 
952 

2,219 

1,812 
117 
290 

272 

7,298 

1,988 
5,310 

2,803 

15,234 

1,922 

2,214 

360 

969 

9,779 

47,614 


+    1, 

+ 


605 

779 

40 


52 
1 

7 

240 

298 

0 

8 

31 

23 

51 

47 

32 

53 

54 

282 

38 

64 

12 

4 

38 

11 

309 

196 
113 

98 

43 
15 

40 

32 


203 
185 

573 

800 

2s;< 

311 

51 

0 

1,257 

3,242 


1,08,5 
64 


535 


1,6*6 


See  Foot 
Note  (2) 


,847 


+      1,141 
+  376 


+      2.44J 


(1)  Preliminary — subject  to  revision. 

Current  vacancies  only.     Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 

(2)  Commencing  January  2,  1953,  the  Standard  Industrial  Classification  Manual  of  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statis- 
tics replaced  the  Industrial  Classification  Manual  of  the  Department  of  Labour.  Since  there  is  a  difference  in  the  group- 
ing of  the  two  industry  divisions— Transportation,  Storage  and  Communication,  and  Public  Utility  Operation,  the 
change  in  these  divisions  can  only  be  recorded  in  the  Grand  Total. 


1216 


TABLE  D-3. 


UNFILLED  VACANCIES  AND  LIVE  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EMPLOYMENT, 
BY  OCCUPATION  AND  BY  SEX  AS  AT  MAY  28,  1953C1) 


(Source:  Form  U.I.C.  757 


Occupational  Group 


Unfilled  Vacancies  (2) 


Male 


Female 


Total 


Live  Applications 
for  Employment 


Male 


Female 


Total 


Professional  and  managerial  workers. . . 

Clerical  workers 

Sales  workers 

Personal  and  domestic  service  workers 

Seamen 

Agriculture  and  fishing 

Skilled  and  semiskilled  workers 

Food  and  kindred  products  (inc. 

tobacco) 

Textiles,  clothing,  etc 

Lumber  and  wood  products 

Pulp,  paper  (inc.  printing) 

Leather  and  leather  products 

Stone,  clay  and  glass  products 

Metalworking 

Electrical 

Transportation  equipment 

Mining 

Construction 

Transportation  (except  seamen) 

Communications  and  public  utility 

Trade  and  service 

Other  skilled  and  semiskilled 

Foremen 

Apprentices 

Unskilled  workers 

Food  and  tobacco 

Lumber  and  lumber  products 

Metalworking 

Construction 

Other  unskilled  workers 

Grand  Total 


1,781 

2,758 

1,949 

1,793 

39 

1,994 

9,277 

107 

239 

1,144 

73 

74 

54 

1,262 

284 

38 

235 

1,960 

1,244 

73 

463 

1,754 

99 

174 

4,973 

170 

249 

162 

1,825 

2,567 

24,564 


4,958 
1,633 
9,541 


266 

2,635 

50 

1,634 

3 

17 
159 

36 
106 


18 
1 

33S 
179 

11 
26 


248 


35 

2 

1,015 


21,143 


2,583 
7,716 
3,582 

11,334 

39 

2,260 

11,912 

157 

1,873 

1,147 

90 

233 

61 

1,298 

390 

38 

235 

1,960 

1,262 

74 

851 

1,933 

110 

200 

6,281 

418 

257 

197 

1,827 

3,582 

45,707 


3,258 
6,721 
2,848 

14,878 
1,173 
1,279 

67,064 

767 

2,914 

12,998 

574 

634 

204 

6,188 

1,031 

229 

1,527 

15,224 

10,806 

468 

1,516 

8,000 

1,937 

2,047 

55,267 

1,296 

4,279 

2,540 

13,042 

34,110 

152,488 


12,485 

6,234 

8,754 

8 

239 

12,331 

530 
8,056 
103 
349 
599 

35 
344 
293 

21 


1 
58 
5 
830 
851 
205 
51 

8,675 

2,203 

126 

321 

16 


49,614 


4,146 
19,206 

9,082 
23,632 

1,181 

1,518 

79,395 

1,297 

10,970 

13,101 

923 

1,233 

239 

6,532 

1,324 

250 

1,527 

15,225 

10,864 

473 

2,346 

8,851 

2,142 

2,098 

63,942 
3,499 
4,405 
2,861 
13,058 
40,119 

202,102 


0)  Preliminary— subject  to  revision. 

(2)  Current  vacancies  only.  Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 


1217 


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1222 


TABLE  D-5.— APPLICATIONS  RECEIVED   AND  PLACEMENTS  EFFECTED  BY 

EMPLOYMENT  OFFICES 

(Source:  Form  U.I.C.  751) 
1943-1953 


Year 

Applications 

Placements 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Male 

Female 

Total 

1943 

1,681,411 
1,583,010 
1,855,036 
1,464,533 
1,189,646 
1,197,295 
1,295,690 
1,500,763 
1,541,208 
1,781,689 
780,442 

1,008,211 
902,273 
661,948 
494,164 
439,577 
459,332 
494,956 
575,813 
623,467 
664.485 
280.498 

2,689,622 
2,485,283 
2,516,984 
1,958,697 
1,629,223 
1.656,627 
1,790,646 
2,076,576 
2,164,675 
2,446.174 
1,060,940 

1,239,900 
1,101,854 
1,095,641 
624,052 
549,376 
497,916 
464,363 
559,882 
655,933 
677,777 
249,272 

704,126 
638,063 
397,940 
235,360 
220,473 
214,424 
219,816 
230,920 
262,305 
302,730 
124,671 

1,944,026 

1944 

1,739,917 

1945 

1,493,581 

1946 

1947 

1948 

859,412 
769,849 
712,340 

1949 

684,179 

1950 

790,802 

1951 

918,238 

1952 

980,507 

1953  (5  months) 

373,943 

E — Unemployment  Insurance 


TABLE  E-l.— PERSONS  RECEIVING  BENEFIT,  NUMBER  OF  DAYS  BENEFIT  PAID, 

AND  AMOUNT  PAID 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Number 
Receiving 
Benefit 
in  Last 
Week  of  the 
Month* 

Month  of  May, 

1953 

Province 

Number 

Com- 
mencing 
Benefit 

Number 

of  Days 

Benefit 

Paid 

Amount  of 

Benefit 

Paid 

2,342 

314 

5,956 

6,821 

55,064 

27,605 

5,326 

1,099 

4,239 

16,792 

1,959 

199 

3,345 

4,021 

24,554 

14,077 

2,265 

527 

2,260 

7,307 

156,638 

23,444 

226,035 

251,502 

1,565,165 

889,134 

167,693 

55,919 

169,436 

414,294 

$ 
531,460 

68,165 

705,747 

801,800 

Quebec 

Ontario 

4,852,382 

2,718,920 

472,975 

169,085 

554,243 

Saskatchewan 

British  Columbia 

1,320,478 

Total,  Canada,  May,  1953 

125,558 

60,514 

3,919,260 

12,195,255 

Total,  Canada,  April,  1953 

196,315 

83,659 

5,225,796 

16,389,294 

Total,  Canada,  May,  1952 

132,022 

58,360 

3,875,281 

10,374,007 

*  Week  containing  last  day  of  the  month. 


1223 


TABLE  E-2.— PERSONS  ON  THE  LIVE  UNEMPLOYMENT  REGISTER  BY   NUMBER 
OF  DAYS,  CONTINUOUSLY  ON  THE  REGISTER,  AS  OF  MAY  31,  1953 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Province  and  Sex 


Newfoundland 

Male 

Female 

Prince  Edward  Island 

Male 

Female 

Nova  Scotia 

Male 

Female 

New  Brunswick 

Male 

Female 

Quebec 

Male 

Female 

Ontario 

Male 

Female 

Manitoba 

Male 

Female 

Saskatchewan 

Male 

Female 

Alberta 

Male 

Female 

British  Columbia 

Male 

Female 

Total* 

Male 

Female 


Total 


5,222 

4,961 

261 


456 
133 

8,766 
7,654 
1,112 

10,309 
8,930 
1,379 

64,608 
48,422 
16,186 

38,898 
26,034 
12,864 

6,853 
3,859 
2,994 

1,677 

1,114 

563 

9,193 
7,949 
1,244 

18,405 
13,629 
4,776 


164,520 
123,008 
41,512 


6  days 
and 
under 


578 
42 


76 
22 

1,731 

1,582 

149 

1,621 

1,390 

231 

11,907 
8,137 
3,770 

8,524 
5,319 
3,205 

1,130 
549 

581 


105 
75 

2,202 

1,865 

337 

3,690 

2,725 

965 


31,703 

22,326 

9.377 


7-12 

days 


223 

204 

19 

26 

20 

6 

684 

619 

65 

1,243 

1,048 

195 

6,203 
4,047 
2,156 

3,246 
2,062 
1,184 

484 
250 
234 

84 
39 
45 

552 

457 

95 

1,511 
1,123 

388 


14,256 
9,869 

4,387 


13-24 
days 


602 

558 

44 

78 
63 
15 

1,060 
926 
134 

1,527 

1,332 

195 

7,783 
5,590 
2,193 

4,726 
3,130 
1,596 

817 
409 
408 

145 
90 
55 

1,137 

1,026 

111 

2,469 

1,760 

709 


20,344 
14,884 
5,460 


25-48 
days 


1,124 

1,087 

37 


76 
20 

1,725 

1,520 

205 

2,179 

1,947 

232 

12,402 
9,923 
2,479 

6,845 
4,560 

2,285 

1,178 
592 

586 


301 
205 


31,385 

24,462 

6,923 


49-72 
days 


843 
41 

73 
56 
17 

1,189 

1,057 

132 

1,399 

1,268 

131 

11,070 
9,478 
1,592 

4,417 
3,097 
1,320 

777 
426 
351 

213 
133 

80 

1,149 
996 
153 

1,895 

1,387 

508 


23,066 
18,741 
4,325 


73  days 
and 


1,769 
1,691 

78 

218 
165 
53 

2,377 

1,950 

427 

2,340 

1,945 

395 

15,243 
11,247 
3,996 

11,140 
7,866 
3,274 

2,467 

1,633 

834 

754 
542 
212 

1,830 

1,479 

351 

5,628 
4,208 
1,420 


43,766 
32,726 
11,040 


'Includes  356  supplementary  benefit  claims. 


TABLE  E-3.— INITIAL  AND  RENEWAL  CLAIMS  FOR  BENEFIT  BY  PROVINCES, 

MAY,  1953 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Claims  filed  at  Local  Offices 

Disposal  of  Claims  (including  claims 
pending  from  previous  months) 

Province 

Total 

Initial 

Renewal 

Total 

Disposed 

of 

Entitled 

to 
Benefit 

Not  En- 
titled to 
Benefit 

Pending 

1,657 

223 

3,953 

4,241 

26,346 

19,494 

2,824 

523 

3,078 

9,137 

1,332 

164 

2,317 

2,775 

17,025 

12,113 

1,853 

365 

1,985 

5,369 

325 

59 
1,636 
1,466 
9,321 
7,381 
971 
158 
1,093 
3,768 

2,891 
230 

4,492 

5,013 
30,217 
21,125 

3,067 
656 

3,796 
10,341 

1,251 

175 

3,407 

3,754 

20,915 

15,946 

2,130 

374 

2,788 

6,895 

1,640 

55 

1,085 

1,259 

9,302 

5,179 

937 

282 

1,008 

3,446 

746 

61 

1,064 

1,120 

7,355 

4,200 

288 

89 

476 

1,939 

Total   Canada,  May,  1953 

71,476* 

45,298 

26,178 

81,828f 

57,635 

24,193 

17,338 

Total  Canada,  April,  1953 

117,171 

81,933 

35,238 

138,879 

90,427 

48,452 

27,6*0 

Total,  Canada,  May,  1952 

83,806 

48,610 

•      35,1% 

84,075 

64,216 

19,859 

25,092 

*In  addition,  revised  claims  received  numbered  16,812.  tin  addition,  17,458  revised  claims  were  disposed  of. 
Of  these,  1,161  were  special  requests  not  granted,  and  851  were  appeals  by  claimants.  There  were  1,852  revised  claims 
pending  at  the  end  of  the  month. 


1224 


TABLE  E-4.— REGULAR  AND  SUPPLEMENTARY  BENEFIT  CLAIMS  DISALLOWED 
AND  CLAIMANTS  DISQUALIFIED 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Chief  Reasons  for  Non-Entitlement 


Claims  Disallowed 

Claimants  disqualified* — 

Not  unemployed 

Disqualification — total 

6  days  or  less 

7  days  or  more 

Not  capable  of  and  not  available  for  work 

Loss  of  work  due  to  a  labour  dispute 

Refused  offer  of  work  and  neglected  opportunity  to  work 

Discharged  for  misconduct 

Voluntarily  left  employment  without  just  cause 

Failure  to  fulfil  additional  conditions  imposed  upon  certain  married  women 
Other  reasonst 


Total. 


Month  of 
May, 
1953 


13,375 


5,420 
3,468 
1,952 
1,752 
56 
1,540 

592 
4,698 

692 
2,367 


30,492 


Month  of 

April, 

1953 


36,305 


5,670 
3,522 
2,148 
1,833 
47 
1,252 

785 
5,673 

712 
3,466 


61,293 


Month  of 
May, 
1952 


11,907 
2,259 


1,752 
325 

1,590 
563 

4,597 
691 

1,666 


25,350' 


♦Claimants  disqualified  May,  1953,  include  6,000  on  revised  and  299  on  supplementary  benefit  claims. 
fThese  include:  Claims  not  made  in  prescribed  manner;  failure  to  carry  out  written  directions;  claimants  being 
inmates  of  prisons,  etc. 


TABLE   E-5.— ESTIMATES    OF   THE   INSURED   POPULATION    UNDER   THE 
UNEMPLOYMENT  INSURANCE  ACT 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


At  Beginning  of  Month  of: 

Total 

Employed 

Claimants* 

1952— April 

3,090,240 
3,062,000 
3,068,000 
3,097,000 
3,132,000 
3,151,000 
3,171,000 
3,186,000 
3,241,000 
3,286,000 
3,283,000 
3,280,000 
3,278,000 

2,851,570 
2,843,900 
2,924,500 
2,974,300 
3,019,400 
3,049,000 
3,078,400 
3,074,500 
3,079,100 
3,007,400 
2,928,300 
2,916,800 
2,917,900 

238,670 

May 

218,100 

143,500 

July 

122,700 

112,600 

102,000 

92,600 

111,500 

161,900 

278,600t 

354,700t 

March 

363,200f 

April 

360, 100t 

♦Ordinary  claimants  on  the  live  unemployment  register  on  the  last  working  day  of  the  preceding  month, 
t  Includes  supplementary  benefit  claimants. 


1225 


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F — Prices 

TABLE  F-l.— INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  THE  COST  OF  LIVING  IN  CANADA 

Prices  at  the  beginning  of  each  Month 
(Calculated  by  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


1914 
1929. 
1933. 
1939. 
1945. 
1946. 
1947. 
1948. 
1949. 


1950 


January 

February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . 

October 

November 
December . 


1951 


January. . . . 
February . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 
October... . 
November . 
December. 


1952 


January 

February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . 

October 

November. 
December. 


1953 


January . . 
February 
March. . . 

April 

May 

June 

July 


Percent- 
age 
Increase 

since 

August  1, 

1939 


18  6 
22  6 
34-4 
53-8 
59-8 


59  -7 
60-3 
62  4 
62-7 
62-7 
64  1 
66-2 
67-2 
68-5 
69  3 
69-3 
69  7 


711 

73-8 
78-3 
80  4 
80-6 
82  6 
861 
87-4 
88-3 
88-9 
89-7 
89-6 


90  0 
89-3 
87-6 

87-2 
85-2 
85-8 
86-5 
86  1 
850 
83-5 
83-3 
82-7 


82  9 

83  4 

82-7 
82-4 
82-1 
83  3 
84-5 


On  base  of  average  prices  in  1935-39  at  100" 


Total 


184-4 
184-9 
184-2 
183-9 
183-6 
184-8 
186-0 


Food 


79-7 

92-2 

121-7 

134-7 

94-4 

84-9 

101-5 

100-6 

119-5 

133-0 

123-6 

140-4 

135-5 

159-5 

155-0 

195-5 

160-8 

203-0 

161-0 

199-4 

161-6 

201-3 

163-7 

204-0 

164-0 

204-5 

164-0 

204-6 

165-4 

209-0 

167-5 

214-3 

168-5 

216-7 

169-8 

218-8 

170-7 

220-1 

170-7 

218-6 

171-1 

218-8 

172-5 

220-2 

175-2 

224-4 

179-7 

233-9 

181-8 

238-4 

182-0 

235-4 

184-1 

239-8 

187-6 

249-7 

188-9 

251-4 

189-8 

251-1 

190-4 

249-7 

191-2 

250-2 

191-1 

249-3 

191-5 

250-0 

190-8 

248-1 

189-1 

241-7 

188-7 

240-2 

186-7 

235-3 

187-3 

237-0 

188-0 

239-5 

187-6 

238-0 

186-5 

234-2 

185-0 

229-3 

184-8 

229-0 

184-2 

226-1 

226- 
227' 
225' 
223' 
222' 
225' 
229' 


Rent 


72-1 
119-7 

98-6 
103-8 
112-1 
112-7 
116-7 
120-7 
123-0 


125-0 
125-0 
132-7 
132-7 
132-7 
132-7 
134-9 
134-9 
135-5 
135-5 
136-4 
136-4 


136-4 
136-4 
137-6 
137-6 
137-6 
139-8 
139-8 
139-8 
142-7 
142-7 
144-8 
144-8 


144-8 
144-8 
146-3 
146-3 
146-3 
147-9 
147-9 
147-9 
148-9 
148-9 
148-9 
149-9 


150-2 
150-5 
150-7 
150-9 
151-0 
152-5 
152-9 


Fuel 
and 
Light 


75-1 

112-6 
102-5 
101-2 
107-0 
107-4 
115-9 
124-8 
131-1 


135-6 
135-9 
136-3 
138-0 
137-5 
137-1 
137-7 
138-4 
140-8 
141-0 
140-6 
140-7 


141-5 
141-7 
146-5 
146-7 
146-2 
146-2 
147-2 
148-2 
149-5 
150-2 
150-8 
150-8 


151-2 
151-3 
152-5 
152-5 
150-6 
149-8 
149-8 
150-1 
150-3 
150-9 
151-1 
152-7 


153-9 
154-3 
154-4 
155-5 
153-2 
152-6 
153-5 


Clothing 


88-3 
134-8 

93-3 
100-7 
122-1 
126-3 
143-9 
174-4 
183-1 


183-3 
183-0 
181-4 
181-2 
180-8 
180-7 
180-7 
180-9 
182-3 
183-5 
184-5 
184-9 


187- 
192 


201-5 
202-5 
202-9 
204-6 
206-9 
213-8 
214-6 
215-5 


215' 
213 
21F 
210' 
210 
209 
209 


Home 

Furnish- 
ings and 
Services 


207-7 
206-7 
205-5 
205-4 


205-3 
205-2 
205-5 
205-5 
206-3 
206-4 
206-5 


105 


191-1 


196-2 
196-2 
196-0 


Miscel- 
laneous 


101-4 

119-0 

124-5 

141-6 

162-6 

167-6 

167-0 

166-4 

166-3 

166-4 

166-4 

166-9 

166-9 

168-9 

171-1 

172-7 

174-8 

176-4 

179-8 

185-1 

188-6 

190-7 

194-9 

197-1 

196-4 

199-0 

199-1 

200-1 

199-9 

200-6 

201-1 

200-1 

200-8 

200*5 

198-2 

197-2 

196-7 

196-0 

195-8 

195-9 

195-5 

195-3 
19fi.n 

101-4 
109-4 
112-6 
117-0 
123-4 
128-8 


131-6 
132-1 
132-1 
132-3 
132-3 
132-4 
132-5 
132-5 
132-8 
133-3 
133-4 
134-1 


135-8 
137-0 
137-8 
138-8 
140-7 
144-0 
142-2 
143-7 
144-0 
144-3 
144-9 
144-9 


145-7 
146-5 
146-9 
147-9 
147-4 
147-4 
147-4 
147-8 
147-8 
148-5 
148-8 
148-8 


Retail 
Prices 
Index 
(Com- 
modities 
only)| 


101-0 
126-2 
132-1 
148-8 
177-4 
184-8 


183-8 
184-7 
185-8 
186-2 
186-1 
188-3 
191-0 
192-4 
194-3 
195-5 
195-1 
195-6 


148-9 
149-0 
147-9 
148-7 
149-0 
149-0 
149-2 


197 

201 

207 

211 

211 

214 

2\9 

221 

221 

222 

233-0 

222-7 


223-1 
221-6 
218-3 
217-5 
214-0 
214-5 
215-7 
214-8 
212-7 
210- 1 
209-7 
208-4 


208-6 
209-2 
208-0 
207-0 
206-5 
207-9 
209-7 


*For  the  period  1914  to  1934  the  former  series  on  the  bases  1926  =  100  was  converted  to  the  bases  1935-39  =  100. 
tCommodities  in  the  cost-of-living  index  excluding  rents  and  services. 


1227 


TABLE  F-la.— TOTAL  AND  MAIN  COMPONENTS  OF  THE  CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX 
FROM  JANUARY  1949  TO  APRIL  1953 

(1949  =  100-0) 
Calculated  by  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


— 

Total 

Food 

Shelter 

Clothing 

Household 
Operation 

Other 
Commo- 
dities and 
Services 

99-8 
99-7 
99-4 
99-3 
99-2 
99-6 
100-0 
100-4 
100-4 
100-6 
101-0 
100-5 

100-0 

100-1 
100-2 
100-9 
101-2 
101-2 
101-9 
102-7 
103-3 
104-3 
105-9 
106-4 
106-6 

102-9 

107-7 
109-1 
110-8 
111-7 
112-2 
113-7 
114-6 
115-5 
116-5 
117-1 
117-9 
118-1 

113-7 

118-2 
117-6 
116-9 
116-8 
115-9 
116-0 
116-1 
1160 
116-1 
1160 
116-1 
115-8 

115-7 
115-5 
114-8 
114-6 
114-4 
114-9 
115-4 

100-8 
99-7 
98-7 
98-1 
97-9 
99-2 
100-2 
101-3 
101-2 
100-8 
101-9 
100-3 

100-0 

98-1 
98-4 
98-8 
99-3 
99-3 
100-9 
102-6 
103-8 
105-4 
107-6 
108-4 
108-4 

102-6 

109-0 
111-0 
114-1 
115-5 
114-3 
115-8 
117-9 
119-0 
120-5 
121-3 
122-5 
122-5 

117-0 

122-4 
120-8 
117-6 
117-2 
115-5 
115-7 
1160 
115-7 
115-8 
115-1 
115-7 
114-1 

113-5 
112-7 
111-6 
110-9 
110-1 
111-4 
112-7 

99-2 
99-3 
99-2 
99-6 
99-7 
99-7 
100-3 
100-2 
100-5 
100-5 
100-5 
101-0 

100-0 

101-1 
101-1 
104-7 
104-9 
105-1 
105-9 
107-4 
107-8 
108-7 
109-0 
109-5 
109-6 

106-2 

110-0 
110-4 
111-5 
111-8 
112-4 
115-2 
115-5 
115-8 
117-2 
117-2 
118-2 
118-2 

114-4 

118-3 
118-3 
119-1 
119-4 
119-6 
120-4 
120-6 
120-6 
121-2 
121-5 
121-4 
122-2 

122-3 
122-5 
122-5 
122-7 
122-9 
123-6 
123-9 

99-7 
99-7 
100-0 
100-2 
100-3 
100-3 
100-3 
100-1 
100-2 
99-8 
99-7 
99-7 

100-0 

99-6 

99-5 
98-9 
99-2 
99-1 
99-1 
99-1 
99-3 
99-9 
100-6 
101-0 
101-3 

99-7 

102-6 
105-1 
106-7 
108-5 
109-0 
109-5 
109-7 
110-7 
111-9 
114-1 
114-5 
115-2 

109-8 

114-9 
113-5 
112-9 
112-5 
112-3 
111-8 
111-7 
111-6 
110-9 
109-9 
109-8 
109-7 

109-7 
109-6 
109-7 
109-7 
110-1 
1101 
110-3 

99-9 
100-2 
100-1 
100-1 
99-8 
99-7 
99-7 
99-6 
99-6 
100-6 
100-5 
100-4 

100-0 

100-6 
100-6 
100-8 
101-2 
101-1 
101-5 
101-6 
102-6 
103-4 
104-6 
105-1 
105-5 

102-4 

107-1 
108-6 
110-5 
111-4 
112-7 
113-8 
114-3 
115-1 
115-5 
115-8 
115-9 
116-4 

113-1 

116-4 
116-3 
116-9 
116-8 
116-2 
115-9 
115-9 
115-8 
116-0 
116-2 
115-9 
116-1 

116-5 
116-6 
116-7 
116-9 
116-6 
116-6 
117-0 

98-9 

99-4 

99-5 

99-5 

May 

99-8 

99-8 

July 

99-8 

99-9 

99-9 

100-9 

101-0 

101-1 

Year 

100-0 

102-0 

102-2 

102-2 

102-2 

May 

102-2 

102-3 

July 

102-4 

102-5 

103-0 

105-2 

105-4 

105-7 

103-1 

107-4 

108-0 

March 

108-3 

108-6 

110-4 

111-8 

July 

112-2 

113-4 

113-6 

114-1 

114-8 

115-9 

Year 

111-5 

115-5 

115-8 

116-4 

116-6 

May 

115-6 

115-7 

July 

115-6 

115-8 

115-8 

116-4 

116-6 

116-6 

116-7 

116-7 

115-2 

115-0 

115-1 

115-1 

July 

115-2 

1228 


TABLE  F-2.— INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  THE  COST  OF  LIVING  FOR  NINE  CITIES  OF 
CANADA  AT  THE  BEGINNING   OF  JUNE,   1953 

(August  1939  =  100) 
Souhce:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


Total 

Food 

Rent 

Fuel 

Clothing 

Home 
Furnish- 
ings and 
Services 

Miscell- 
aneous 

June  1, 
1952 

May  1, 
1953 

June  1, 
1953 

a'St.  John's,  Nfld.. 

Halifax 

St.  John 

102-7 
179-2 
185-6 
192-5 
184-4 
180-6 
180-9 
177-5 
190-6 

101-1 
172-6 
180-2 
188-3 
180-9 
176-4 
182-2 
176-6 
187-5 

101-2 
173-4 
181-0 
190-1 
182-2 
177-2 
183-4 
177-8 
187-6 

98-6 
215-1 
218-0 
241-6 
214-9 
227-5 
236-8 
233-3 
233-0 

107-3 
128-5 
131-5 
154-9 
162-0 
137-0 
135-2 
129-6 
139-0 

106-8 
155-3 
152-0 
143-0 
178-5 
134-4 
162-2 
121-3 
174-3 

101-9 
222-2 
229-0 
194-4 
207-0 
202-5 
217-9 
213-4 
217-2 

101-1 

188-6 
189-3 
203-7 
188-9 
196-6 
202-6 
190-7 
194-8 

99-3 
139-9 
152-0 

144-3 

147-9 

141-1 

133-9 

143-8 

154-1 

N.B. — Indexes  above  measure  percentage  changes  in  living  costs  for  each  city,  but  should  not  be  used  to  compare 
actual  levels  of  living  costs  as  between  cities. 

(DSt.  John's  Index  on  the  base:  June  1951  =  100. 


TABLE  F-3.— INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  STAPLE  FOOD  ITEMS 

(Base:    August    1939  =  100) 
Dominion  Average  Retail  Price  Relatives  with  Dominion  Averages  of  Actual  Retail  Prices  for  Latest  Month 

Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


♦Commodities 


Per 

Dec. 

1941 

lb. 

120-7 

lb. 

125-7 

lb. 

132-7 

lb. 

136-7 

lb. 

109-9 

lb. 

125-3 

lb. 

127-0 

Hb. 

132-3 

lb. 

151-3 

lb. 

134-7 

doz. 

156-4 

qt. 

1110 

lb. 

140-5 

pkg. 

174-6 

lb. 

106-5 

lb. 

127-3 

pkg- 

101-1 

tin 

129-9 

tin 

117-5 

tin 

128-3 

lb. 

108-2 

10  lbs. 

89-9 

lb. 

115-8 

lb. 

104-0 

doz. 

132-5 

jar 

111-3 

tin 

101-5 

lb. 

132-3 

lb. 

141-6 

Pkg. 

145-2 

Dec. 

1945 


June 

June 

June 

May 

June 

1950 

1951 

1952 

1953 

1953 

303-4 

362-1 

331-1 

290-6 

292-1 

337-2 

402-1 

371-5 

320-4 

321-2 

362-6 

459-2 

404-1 

342-6 

342-0 

404-3 

525-4 

476-2 

401-5 

401-5 

302-2 

324-6 

325-3 

281-6 

281-6 

238-1 

260-7 

227-7 

261-7 

281-9 

267-3 

317-9 

263-8 

266-5 

289-9 

221-4 

216-8 

177-2 

198-5 

224-1 

189-2 

280-1 

139-8 

172-9 

176-6 

218-8 

276-3 

212-0 

202-1 

203-5 

160-8 

231-3 

160-6 

211-2 

215-0 

166-1 

178-9 

191-7 

191-7 

191-7 

212-1 

249-9 

231-5 

236-7 

234-1 

222-2 

246-1 

261-8 

262-5 

262-5 

165-1 

183-9 

191-8 

193-3 

194-9 

221-2 

227-2 

227-2 

227-2 

230-2 

163-0 

182-5 

194-3 

195-4 

195-4 

172-5 

229-7 

297-7 

249-3 

246-5 

144-9 

157-9 

168-8 

175-2 

175-2 

170-5 

177-5 

193-8 

181-7 

180-8 

177-5 

171-9 

294-5 

205-3 

197-6 

160-5 

134-3 

408-7 

168-6 

169-4 

204-3 

248-5 

238-1 

239-8 

242-3 

132-6 

163-9 

173-2 

166-5 

166-5 

159-7 

150-0 

132-5 

120-5 

123-7 

148-5 

166-0 

165-4 

152-9 

152-4 

140-1 

152-7 

154-0 

146-6 

145-3 

164-8 

194-9 

183-8 

169-4 

167-8 

271-2 

312-4 

310-3 

311-2 

310-6 

180-6 

185-1 

187-2 

175-5 

175-5 

Price. 

June 

1953 


Beef,  sirloin  steak 

Beef,  round  steak 

Beef,  blade 

Beef,  stewing,  boneless 

Lamb,  leg  roast 

Pork,  fresh  loin,  centre  cut 

Pork,  fresh  shoulder,  hock-off 

Bacon,  side,  fancy,  sliced,  rind-off. . 

Lard,  pure,  package 

Shortening,  package 

Eggs,  Grade  A,  large,  carton 

Milk 

Butter,  creamery,  prints 

Cheese,  plain,  mild,  §  lb 

Bread,  plain,  white,  wrapped,  sliced 

Flour,  all-purpose 

Corn  Flakes,  8  oz 

Tomatoes,  canned,  2^'s 

Peas,  20  oz 

Corn,  cream,  choice,  20  oz 

Onions,  cooking 

Potatoes,  No.  1,  table 

Prunes,  pkg 

Raisins,  seedless,  bulk  or  in  bag 

Oranges,  California 

Jam,  strawberry,  16  oz 

Peaches,  15  oz 

Sugar,  granulated,  bulk  or  in  bag. . . 

Coffee,  medium  quality,  in  bag 

Tea,  black,  *  lb 


154-8 
167-9 
162-3 
168-3 
152-8 
143-8 

143-4 
142-5 
159-6 
137-5 
181-3 
95-4 

148-0 
165-4 
106-3 
124-2 
100-0 
137-7 

121-7 
132-7 
126-5 
149-4 
120-2 
108-6 

154-3 
115-1 
106-1 
132-3 
131-7 
131-6 


80-8 
75-4 
54-5 
54-3 
80-6 
75-5 

54-5 
41-1 

19-2 
29-0 
67-2 
21-1 

63-9 
34-8 
12-7 
7-8 
18-0 
26-0 

21-8 
19-3 
10-2 
38-6 
28-5 
24-8 

33-9 
25-6 
21-5 
10-5 
106-3 
51-2 


Descriptions  and  Units  of  Sale  Apply  to  June,  1953,  Prices. 


1229 


TABLE  F-4.— RETAIL  PRICES  OF  STAPLE 

Source:  Dominion 


Locality 


Newfoundland— 

1 — St.  John's 

P.E.I.- 

2— Charlottetown.. 

Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax 

4— Sydney 

New  Brunswick— 

5— Moncton 

6 — Saint  John 

Quebec— 

7 — Chicoutimi 

S-Hull 

9— Montreal 

10— Quebec 

11 — Sherbrooke 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers... 

Ontario— 

14— Brantford 

15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William... 

17 — Hamilton 

IS— Kirkland  Lake.. 

19— London 

20— North  Bay 

21— Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie 

24— Sudbury 

25 — Toronto 

26— Windsor 

Manitoba— 

27 — Winnipeg 

Saskatchewan— 

28 — Regina 

29— Saskatoon 

Alberta— 

30— Calgary 

31— Edmonton 

British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert. . . 

33— Trail 

34 — Vancouver 

35— Victoria 


Beef 


cts. 

103-8 

82-5 

86-4 
84-0 

83-0 
83-8 

96-2 
74-4 
91-4 
93-5 
88-6 
92-8 
94-1 

73-0 
73-0 
78-4 
79-8 
75-8 
77-5 
69-3 
72-2 
80-0 
76-6 
72-2 
82-0 
72-9 

78-8 

77-5 

72-2 

80-6 
72-3 

85-0 
88-8 
89-6 
93-0 


G   u 


o  a 


75-9 

75-9 

76-0 
77-3 

92-8 
73-8 
87-2 
89-4 
82-3 
84-8 
84-1 

69-2 

73-4 
76-9 
74-7 
73-7 
74-1 
68-3 
72-2 
74-5 
75-3 
71-1 
77-9 
69-5 

72-9 

72-2 
70-6 

74-7 
68-7 

77-5 

83-0 
79-5 
85-2 


«a 


js„o  a 
fflw 


59-5 

a 

53-3 
a 

57-3 

55-0 
a 
58-5 

63-4 

50-6 

a 

52-4 
a 

48-6 
a 

55-8 
a 

59-4 

47-5 

54-8 
a 

45-7 
a 

59-2 

53-6 
a 
53-2 

50-7 
a 
48-6 

49-5 

52-4 

54-4 

52-3 

56-2 

a 
50-9 

54-7 

i 

55-3 
i 

52-8 


58-5 
63-0 
61-9 

64-1 


'*  o 

»  a 

CO 


53-6 

53-8 
58-5 

50-0 
55-9 

51-8 
50-9 
55-1 
48-4 
57-0 
50-1 
46-6 

51-3 
53-6 
590 
54-2 
520 
52-7 
47-9 
48-8 
54-4 
59-4 
51-3 
54-4 
56-9 

54-1 

56-6 

58-7 

58-4 
53-0 

63-3 
66-0 
59-6 

61-2 


a  a 


cts, 

52-0 


51-0 

52-7 
55-0 

46-1 
50-3 

51-3 
43-2 
45-2 
50-6 
42-9 
50-8 
43-0 

44-1 
40-4 
52-3 
45-2 
44-7 
43-8 
45-7 
44-6 
39-4 
500 
44-9 
441 
44-8 

48-8 

45-4 
47-8 

42-3 
46-2 

480 


53-2 


Pork 


cts. 
81-5 

77-6 

76-2 
76-4 

76-6 
79-7 

78-8 
71-1 
80-0 
69-6 
73-2 
68-9 
73-4 

77-9 
76-4 
750 
78-1 
75-8 
79-7 
73-9 
75-2 
80-3 
76-7 
71-4 
77-3 
77-5 

74-6 

72-6 
69-9 

70-5 
66-3 

77-7 
74-8 
80-4 

78-2 


G   O 


fa 


cts. 
73-4 

63-5 

c 
53-3 

59-9 

55-3 
54-5 

74-8 
52-5 
56-6 
55-1 
54-4 
52-7 
56-4 

52-2 
54-6 


47-5 

d 
60-3 

46-2 

460 

43-8 
d 
50-7 

59-4 
d 
55-0 

46-1 
d 
53-9 

d 
58-5 

550 


58-8 
50-2 

66-0 

65-7 
i 

63-4 

58-5 


©  G    & 

a  ® 

eg  oo  a 

m 


cts. 
e 
39-7 


43-5 
40-9 

44-6 
44-7 

39-6 
41-0 
42-2 
37-4 
36-0 
37-1 
39-1 

42-3 
40-0 
40-4 
42-6 
45-6 
42-2 
41-2 
40-4 
42-8 
40-2 
37-1 
41-5 
41-4 

42-5 

41-8 
43-7 

40-6 
40-7 

45-0 
440 
41-6 
42-5 


1230 


FOODS  AND  COAL  BY  CITIES,  JUNE,  1953 

Bureau  of  Statistics 


Locality 


^7! 


S  a 


►.a 


c  o 
goo 

o 


M.Q 


03    - 


-  « 


S3  a 


Newfoundland- 

1 — St.  John's. 


P.E.I.— 

2— Charlottetown . 


Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax . 


4— Sydney. 


New  Brunswick- 

5 — Moncton 


6— Saint  John. 


Quebec— 

7 — Chicoutimi. 


8-Hull 

9— Montreal 

10— Quebec 

11 — Sherbrooke.. . 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers. 

Ontario — 

14— Brantford 


15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William.... 

17— Hamilton 

18— Kirkland  Lake.. 

19 — London 

20— North  Bay 

21—  Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27— Winnipeg. 


Saskatchewan— 

28— Regina 


29 — Saskatoon . 


Alberta— 

30— Calgary 


31 — Edmonton. 


British  Columbia— 

32 — Prince  Rupert. 


73-2 

71-1 


73-8 
101-7 


78-6 
81-5 
79-2 


74-3 


86-9 
79-3 


85-9 
84-3 

80-7 

76-3 


33— Trail 

34— Vancouver. 
35 — Victoria . . . 


84-7 
75-7 

950 

94-3 
86-2 
94-2 


cts. 

8-5 

8-5 

8-2 
8-6 

8-2 
8-4 

8-2 
7-5 
7-6 
7-4 
7-7 
7-4 
7-5 

7-8 
7-4 
7-5 
7-9 

8-0 
7-6 
8-0 
7-6 
7-6 
8-0 
8-1 
7-7 
7-8 

7-5 

7-3 
7-4 

7-5 

7-7 

8-2 
7-7 
7-5 
7-6 


cts. 
12-0 


cts. 
20-9 


18-3 
19-5 

18-4 

18-7 

19-3 
17-3 
17-3 

18-1 
17-4 
17-7 
17-4 

17-5 

18-0 
18-6 
17-5 
18-9 
17-4 
19-4 
17-1 
17-5 
19-2 
18-4 
17-3 
17-9 

17-8 

18-8 
17-7 

18-2 
17-9 

18-8 
18-3 
17-7 
17-9 


cts. 
11-3 


cts. 
60- 


52- 


49-1 
49-6 

49-4 
49-5 

550 

46-0 
48-5 
50-2 
47-6 
46-5 
49-6 

44-8 

47-0 

53-0 

45-4 

50-2 

43-9 

49-2 

46-2 

48-2 

48-3 

48-8 

44-6 

47-0 

t 
67-2 


64-4 
t 
61-9 


59-7 

t 
61-9 


62-3 
t 
63-3 


57-2 

b 
57-3 


85-4 

'65-0 

I 

69-7 
I 

71-6 


71-4 

i 

70-4 

69-2 

69-1 

68-3 

'69-1 
I 

65-1 
I 

70-0 

I 
67-4 

=68-0 
I 

65-4 
I 

68-7 

71-4 
'63-8 


70-7 

70-9 

69-6 

67-5 
g 

67-4 

g 
62-4 

57-9 
g 
57-5 

g 

62-3 

*58-6 


67-7 
g 

64-8 
g 

68-4 


cts. 
h 
32-0 


17-0 

20-5 
22-0 

20-0 
21-0 

20-0 
22-0 
20-0 
20-0 
20-0 
19-0 
19-0 

21-0 
19-0 
23-0 
22-0 
250 
21-0 
22-0 
21-0 
21-8 
23-0 
23-0 
22-0 
22-0 

20-0 

19-0 
20-5 

21-0 
20-0 

31-0 
25-0 
21-8 
24-0 


cts. 

79-0 


bo 
63 
64 
65-2 


1231 


TABLE  F-4.— RETAIL  PRICES  OF  STAPLE 

Source:  Dominion 


Locality 


Newfoundland 

1— St.  John's. 


P.E.I.— 

2 — Charlottetown . 


Nova  Scotia— 

3 — Halifax . 


4— Sydney. 


New  Brunswick 

5 — Moncton .... 


6 — Saint  John . 


Quebec— 

7 — Chicoutimi . 


8— Hull 

9 — Montreal 

10 — Quebec 

11 — Sherbrooke  . 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers 

Ontario — 

14 — Brantford. . . . 


15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William... 

17— Hamilton 

18— Kirkland  Lake. . 

19— London 

20— North  Bay 

21— Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27— Winnipeg 


Saskatchewan— 

28— Regina 


29 — Saskatoon 


Alberta— 

30— Calgary. 


31 — Edmonton. 


British  Columbia  - 

32— Prince  Rupert. 


33— Trail 

34— Vancouver 
35 — Victoria. 


.  OT-H 

to  o    '" 

co  o  t* 
O 


cts. 
361 

37-3 

35-3 
36-9 

34-9 

36-1 

36-6 
33-2 
34-3 
34-8 
350 
33-4 
34-3 

33-8 
34-5 
35-6 
34-3 
35-4 
33-8 
35-4 
33-2 
33-9 
35-8 
34-2 
33-5 
35-1 

35-6 

35-8 
34-7 

33-8 
350 

37-6 
35-8 
35-9 

361 


cts. 
33-6 


39-5 
37-4 

39-1 
39-5 


39-5 
38-7 
40-3 
39-7 
39-0 
390 
38-4 
39-7 
39-5 
38-9 
38-0 
39-6 
39-7 

41-0 

40-8 
40-9 

40-5 
41-6 

40-8 
40-1 
40-0 
39- 


21-0 

20-6 
20-5 

22-2 
20-7 

19-8 
17-7 
20-9 
21-3 
20-1 
20-1 
18-6 

18-3 

190 
18-6 
19-6 
20-2 
19-8 
22-0 
19-8 
18-5 
20-9 
20-0 
19-6 
19-8 

18-0 

17-4 

16-9 

16-4 

171 

18-5 
17-4 
17-5 
18« 


cts. 
33-6 

30-2 

29-0 
29-6 

29-6 
28-9 

34-3 
28-5 
28-5 
28-8 
30-1 
29-7 
28-5 

27-8 
28-1 
28-3 
29-2 
29-4 
27-8 
28-6 
26-8 
290 
28-6 
29-4 
28-2 
28-8 

28-1 

30-7 
28-5 

29-6 
31-1 

31-3 
31-5 

27-5 
29-2 


a3  C     . 


cts. 


25-1 
26-3 

25-8 
26-2 

27-3 
25-7 
26-2 
26-6 
24-7 
26-1 
25-4 

24-1 
25-2 
24-7 
24-7 
26-8 
26-1 
31-8 
23-8 
25-4 
26-0 
26-0 
23-6 
25-4 

24-9 

25-0 

24-8 

24-3 
24-5 

27-0 


23- 

23-0 


.5.  a> 
Si1 

is 

o 


cts. 
16-5 

19-2 

16-9 
18-0 

16-7 
16-8 

18-8 
16-4 
16-7 
17-0 
16-9 
16-3 
17-8 

16-9 
15-9 
18-2 
16-6 
18-5 
16-8 
16-8 
16-2 
16-2 
17-4 
180 
16-7 
17-5 

17-1 

18-5 

18-8 

17-3 
18-1 

20-7 
20-4 
17-0 

17-0 


cts. 

s 
50-1 


20-5 

21-5 
23-1 

21-8 
20-7 


20-8 
20-6 
20-4 
20-3 
22-2 


20-9 
19-4 
21-4 
19-8 
21-9 


20-0 
21-6 


200 
20-8 

22-1 

23-4 
23-0 

25-2 
22-5 

23-6 
24-7 
22-4 

20-8 


Canned  Vegetables 


Hi 


cts. 
32-4 

29-1 

27-5 
28-5 

27-1 
25-6 

26-6 
23-4 
22-6 
25-2 
23-7 
250 
240 

24-8 
24-9 
260 
24-5 
25-8 
24-8 
25-2 
23-8 
23-9 
25-8 
22-7 
23-7 
22-6 

25-9 

29-2 

28-7 

310 
300 

32-6 
32-1 
291 
29-6 


o  o 


cts. 
25-5 

22-4 

23-7 
22-8 

23-4 
23-3 

22-8 
20-2 
22-0 
21-5 
21-8 
19-1 
21-5 

20-6 
19-7 
21-9 
20-8 


210 

22-5 

20-3 

21-4 

21-6 

21-8 

20-7 
m 
16-9 

m 
18-6 

22-8 
23-0 

220 
22-4 

m 

20-5 
m 

21-0 
m 

15-5 
m 

18-9 


Above  food  prices  are  simple  averages  of  prices  reported.     They  are  not  perfectly  comparable  in  all  cases  with 
price  averages  for  earlier  years.     Changes  in  grading,  trade  practices,  etc.  occur 
cuts    with    bone-in.         (c)  Including    cuts    with     hock-on.         (d)  Including    I 

1232 


_  from  time  to  time. 
butts.        (e)  Local. 


(a)  Including 
(f)  Imported. 


FOODS  AND  COAL  BY  CITIES,  JUNE,  1953 

Bureau  of  Statistics  


Locality 


3  % 


§  eg 


°.l 


£ 

•   Q. 

o    . 

"J 

11 
3  « 
O 

cts. 

12-3 

9-9 

9-2 

10-3 

9-1 

9-6 

121 

11-8 

10-5 

10-2 

10-6 

11-9 

10-3 

9-0 

9-9 

10-6 

9-9 

10-2 

9-4 

91 

8-9 

9-5 

10-3 

100 

8-2 

9-1 

10-1 

11-0 

12-3 

121 

13-6 

10-9 

11-8 

9-9 

10-0 

£      a 


■OS 


roj- 


as 


a^ 


Coal 


^3  >i 


1! 


Newfoundland 

1— St.  John's. 


P.E.I.— 

2— Charlottetown . 


Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax. 


4— Sydney 


New  Brunswick 

5— Moncton 


6— Saint  John . 


Quebec— 

7— Chicoutimi . 


8— Hull 

9 — Montreal 

10 — Quebec 

11— Sherbrooke. . . 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers. 

Ontario— 

14— Brantford 


15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William... 

17— Hamilton 

18— Kirkland  Lake.. 

19 — London 

20— North  Bay 

21— Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27 — Winnipeg 


Saskatchewan 

28— Regina.. 


29 — Saskatoon . 


Alberta— 

30— Calgary. 


31 — Edmonton.  .  .  . 

British  Columbia— 

32 — Prince  Rupert. 


33-Trail 

34 — Vancouver. 
35 — Victoria. . . 


cts. 
45-3 

37-8 

33-6 
32-7 

35-1 
34-8 

34-8 
30-3 
33-6 
33-0 
32-1 
35-4 
33-9 

33-0 
30-9 
36-3 
32-7 
35-7 
30-0 
34-5 
32-7 
30-6 
33-3 
33-0 
32-1 
31-8 

37-8 

35-7 
38-4 

33-9 
36-3 

37-2 
31-5 
32-1 
30-0 


cts. 
32-0 

23-5 

21-3 
25-6 

22-0 
21-6 

18-4 
18-9 
17-5 
17-8 
17-8 
17-6 
18-3 

18-7 
19-0 
20-1 
191 
19-8 
190 
20-3 
19-3 
190 
19-9 
19-2 
18-9 
190 

19-8 

22-4 
22-1 

23-7 
23-3 

25-2 
25-3 
20-2 
21-0 


cts. 
41-3 

22-1 

29-2 

28-7 

27-4 
23-4 

31-0 
30-4 
28-9 
24-9 
28-7 
33-1 
27-4 

36-8 
30-8 
50-9 
35-1 
38-6 
35-7 
33-8 
40-6 
31-6 
43-4 
34-2 
37-3 
49-4 

37-5 

43-1 
57-9 

47-7 
55-6 

67-3 
49-3 
52-5 

51-2 


cts. 
34-0 

27-1 

28-7 
29-8 


29-3 
27-3 
29-7 
28-3 
28-8 
26-6 
27-2 

29-4 

28-3 
26-1 
28-6 

28-8 
28-2 


26-6 
28-6 
29-6 
26-6 
27-4 
31-3 

28-2 

28-0 
30-4 

27-6 
29-8 

28-0 
27-5 
25-8 
27-3 


n 


n 


cts. 
k 
26-3 


27-6 


24-1 
l 
26-0 

n 
25-7 

26-7 


28-0 
i 

25-2 
i 

24-8 

26-2 
n 

24-7 
n 

22-9 

24-7 

n 

23-0 
i 

24-4 

24-6 
23-3 
26-4 

22-8 
k 

23-2 
n 

22-8 
n 

25-1 

23-5 
n 
24-4 

D 

24-2 

Q 

24-3 

n 
27-1 

27-4 
27-2 

i 

25-4 
i 

25-4 

26-8 
27-6 
23-7 
24-0 


61-4 

46-5 

46-1 
46-6 

45-9 
47-6 

55-5 
51-7 
53-6 
55-1 
54-3 
52-5 
54-2 

52-1 
52-0 
51-0 
53-6 
55-2 
48-7 
52-7 
54-6 
52-4 
54-7 
52-5 
51-5 
50-5 

47-3 

48-5 
46-6 

48-2 
49-3 

50-2 
51-0 
47-5 
46-4 


124-4 


115-5 


112-8 

v 

118-4 


109-7 

v 

113-1 


111-6 

110-2 

107-6 

110-3 

108-8 

109-4 

v 

110-2 

102-0 
107-4 
104-9 
104-2 
100-2 
104-7 
113-2 
102-6 
105-4 
106-0 
101-2 
102-8 
105-2 

100-2 

103-1 
102-9 

100-6 
104-7 

101-0 
97-9 


29-00 
27-50 
27-09 
28-88 
26-75 
26-25 
27-00 

26-25 
28-50 
26-38 
25-19 
33-38 
25-75 
27-75 
26-90 
27-50 
25-50 
27-25 
24-57 
26-00 


$ 

23-04 

17-50 

19-44 
13-60 

18-75 
19-68 


21  05 

18-30 
17-98 


8-25 

22-90 
19-75 
19-93 
21-40 


(g)  Mixed — carton  and 
(n)  Mixed — Californian 
•  Revised  price. 


loose.        (h)  Evaporated  milk,  17-0c.  per  16  c 
and  Australian.         (s)  28  oz.  tin.         (t)  Pure. 


tin.         (k)  Californian. 
(v)  Including  tins.         (w) 


(m)  15  oz.  tin. 
Orange  Pekoe. 


1233 


X 


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1235 


G — Strikes  and  Lockouts 


TABLE  G-l.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  JANUARY-JUNE,  1953-1953f 


Date 


Number  of  Strikes 
and  Lockouts 


Com- 
mencing 
During 
Month 


1953* 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

Cumulative  totals 


1952 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

Cumulative  totals 


141 

11 

13 

14 

17 

16 


85 


13t 

12 

16 

22 

30 

28 


121 


In 
Existence 


Number  of  Workers 
Involved 


Com- 
mencing 
During 
Month 


2,136$ 

2,448 
4,524 
2,790 
2,740 
4,809 


19,447 


5,374} 

12,394 

2,877 

8,418 

14,853 

44,704 


88,620 


In 
Existence 


2,136 
3,757 
5,450 
3,562 
4,748 
6,452 


5,374 
13,048 

5,186 
12,121 
23,360 
59,706 


Time  Loss 


In 

Man- 
Working 
Days 


31,050 
23,777 
33,018 
29,120 
36,127 
57,346 


210,438 


71,145 

47,603 

65,272 

178,713 

248,575 

717,845 


1,329,153 


Per  Cent 

of 

Estimated 

Working 

Time 


004 
0-03 
0-04 
003 
0-04 
0-07 

004 


0  09 
006 
0-08 
0-21 
0-30 
0-87 

0-27 


*Preliminary  figures. 

JStrikes  unterminated  at  the  end  of  the  previous  year  are  included  in  these  totals. 

fThe  record  of  the  Department  includes  lockouts  as  well  as  strikes  but  a  lockout,  or  an  industrial 
condition  which  is  undoubtedly  a  lockout,  is  not  often  encountered.  In  the  statistical  table,  therefore, 
strikes  and  lockouts  are  recorded  together.  A  strike  or  lockout  included  as  such  in  the  records  of  the 
Department  is  a  cessation  of  work  involving  six  or  more  employees  and  lasting  at  least  one  working 
day.  Strikes  of  less  than  one  day's  duration  and  strikes  involving  less  than  six  employees  are  not  in- 
cluded in  the  published  record  unless  ten  days  or  more  time  loss  is  caused  but  a  separate  record  of  such 
strikes  is  maintained  in  the  Department  and  these  figures  are  given  in  the  annual  review.  The  records 
include  all  strikes  and  lockouts  which  come  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Department  and  the  methods 
taken  to  obtain  information  preclude  the  probability  of  omissions  of  strikes  of  importance.  Informa- 
tion as  to  a  strike  involving  a  small  number  of  employees  or  for  a  short  period  of  time  is  frequently  not 
received  until  some  time  after  its  commencement. 


! 


1236 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  JUNE,  1953  C1) 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Establish- 
ments 


Workers 


Time  Loss 
in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Progress  Prior  to  June,  1953 


Mining— 

Silver  and  lead  miners, 
Alice  Arm,  B.C. 


Manufacturing — 
Vegetable  Foods — 
Flour,  cereal  and  feed  mill 
workers, 
Peterborough,  Ont.,  and 
Saskatoon,  Sask. 


Boots  and  Shoes  (Leather) — 
Shoe  factory  workers, 
Preston,  Ont. 


Textiles,  Clothing,  etc. — 
Clothing  and  hosiery 
factory  workers, 
Montreal,  P.Q. 


Knitting  factory  workers, 
Plessisville,  P.Q. 


Pulp,  Paper  and  Paper  Prod- 
ucts— 
Building  board  factory 
workers, 
South  Nelson,  N.B. 


Metal  Products — 
Jewellery  factory  workers, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


Aluminum  ware  factory 
workers, 
Wallaceburg,  Ont. 


Zinc  alloy  die  casting 
factory  workers, 
Wallaceburg,  Ont. 


Skate  factory  workers, 
Kitchener,  Ont. 


100 


176 


(3) 

258 


290 


72 


4(1 


41 


90 


48 


54 


2,400 


4,000 


5,600 


2,900 


1,700 


1,000 


800 


1,900 


1,000 


1,000 


Commenced  May  15;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages 
and  union  security  following  refer- 
ence to  conciliation  board;  unter- 
minated. 


Commenced  April  22:  for  new  agree- 
ments providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  44  to  40 
per  week  and  other  changes  follow- 
ing reference  to  conciliation  board; 
unterminated. 


Commenced  May  26;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  reduced  hours  from  45  to 
40  per  week  following  reference  to 
conciliation  board;  unterminated. 


Commenced  November  25,  1952;  for 
a  new  agreement  providing  for  in- 
creased wages  and  other  changes 
following  reference  to  arbitration 
board;  terminated  June  12;  negoti- 
ations; compromise. 

Commenced  May  19;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment incorporating  cost-of-living 
bonus  in  basic  rate,  seniority,  etc., 
following  reference  to  arbitration 
board;  unterminated. 


Commenced  May  2;  for  a  union  agree- 
ment providing  for  increasedwages 
and  reduced  hours  from  54  to  48  per 
week  following  reference  to  concilia- 
tion board;  terminated  June  30; 
negotiations;  compromise. 


Commenced  December  8,  1952;  for 
implementation  of  award  of  concilia- 
tion board  for  increased  wages,  pay 
for  nine  statutory  holidays  and 
other  changes  in  new  agreement 
under  negotiations;  unterminated. 

Commenced  March  23;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  extension  of  relief  periods  for 
moulders  and  hospital  and  accident 
insurance  plan;  unterminated. 

Commenced  April  22;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  retroactive  to  Oct.  30-52  and 
other  changes  following  reference  to 
conciliation  board;  unterminated. 

Commenced  May  14;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  union  shop,  check-off,  etc., 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  unterminated. 


1237 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  JUNE,  1953  (i) 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Establish- 
ments 


Workers 


Time  Loss 
in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Progress  Prior  to  June,  1953— concluded 


X on-Metallic  Minerals, 
Chemicals,  etc. — 
Monument  cutters, 
Toronto,  Ont. 


Trade— 

Hardware  warehouse 
workers, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


Service — 
Public  Administration — 
Civic  emplovees, 
Saanich,  B.C. 


Business  and  Personal- 
Garage  workers, 
Saint  John,  N.B. 


Garage  workers, 
Winnipeg,  Man. 


6r> 


160 


180 


1,400 


160 


2,520 


100 


65 


400 


Commenced  May  22;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages- 
pay  for  eight  statutory  holidays 
and  health  and  welfare  plan  follow- 
ing reference  to  conciliation  board; 
unterminated. 


Commenced  May  25;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  terminated  June  2;  negotia- 
tions; compromise. 


Commenced  May  28;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  terminated  June  19;  con- 
ciliation; compromise. 


Commenced  February  9;  for  union 
recognition  and  implementation  of 
award  of  conciliation  board  provid- 
ing for  increased  wages  in  union 
agreement;  employment  conditions 
no  longer  affected  by  the  end  of 
June;  indefinite. 

Commenced  May  22;  for  implementa- 
tion of  award  of  conciliation  board 
in  union  agreement  under  negotia- 
tions providing  for  increased  wages 
and  reduced  hours;  terminated 
June  8;  return  of  workers  and  re- 
placement; in  favour  of  employer. 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  Commencing  During  June,  1953 


Fishing  and  Trapping— 

Salmon,  fishermen,  seiners, 
gillnetters, 
British  Columbia. 

Manufacturing — 
Vegetable  Foods,  etc. — 
Flour,  feed  and  seed  mill 
workers, 
Vancouver,  Victoria, 
Langley  Prairie, 
Haney,  Abbotsford, 
Mission,  B.C. 

Textiles,  Clothing,  etc. — 
Sports  clothes  factory 
workers, 

Roxton  Pond,  P.Q. 

Yarns  and  carpet 
factory  workers, 
Guelph,  Ont. 


Cotton  spinners  and 
weavers, 

Granby,  P.Q. 


1,500 


130 


15 


(4) 
429 


12,000  (Commenced  June   15;  for  increased 
!     prices  for  fish;  terminated  June  23; 
negotiations;    compromise. 


260 


300 


3,900 


168 


Commenced  June  26;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  terminated  June  30;  negotia- 
tions; compromise 


Commenced  June  4;  for  union  recog- 
nition; unterminated. 


Commenced  June  17;  protesting  re- 
duction in  hours  which  would 
reduce  take-home  pay  and  alleged 
violation  of  seniority;  unterminat- 
ed. 

Commenced  June  23;  for  a  union 
agreement;  terminated  June  24; 
negotiations;  in  favour  of  workers. 


1238 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  JUNE,  1953  (0 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Establish- 
ments 


Workers 


Time  Loss 
in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  ('-) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  Commencing  During  June,  1953— concluded 


Metal  Products — 

Steel  tank  factory  workers, 
Fort  Erie,  Ont. 


Spring  factory  workers, 
Hamilton,  Ont 


Motor  vehicle  factory 
workers, 

Toronto,  Ont. 


Metal  furniture  factory 
workers, 

Toronto,  Ont. 


Construction — 
Buildings  and  Structures — 
Painters  and  decorators, 
Windsor,  Ont. 


Carpenters, 
Toronto,  Ont. 


Truck  drivers, 
loco,  B.C. 


Transportation  and  Public 
Utilities — 
Other  Local  and  Highway 

Transport — 
Truck  drivers,  ware- 
housemen and  helpers, 
Windsor,  Ont. 


Bus  transport  workers, 
Saskatchewan. 


Trade — 

Wholesale  produce  ware- 
house workers, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


Mixed  concrete  truck  drivers , 
Toronto,  Ont. 


240 


240 


246 


110 


100 


150 


3,000 


1,200 


450 


1,375 


1,400 


75 


600 


229 


140 


590 


229 


1,700 


3,800 


Commenced  June  10;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment with  job  evaluation  plan;  ter- 
minated June  26;  return  of  workers 
pending  settlement;  indefinite. 

Commenced  June  24;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages 
reduced  hours  from  42?  to  40  per 
week  with  same  take-home  pay, 
check-off,  etc.,  following  reference 
to  conciliation  board,  unterminated 

Commenced  June  29;  protesting  dis- 
missal of  a  worker  for  refusal  to 
work  scheduled  overtime;  unterm- 
inated. 

Commenced  June  1;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  terminated  June  17;  negotia- 
tions; in  favour  of  workers. 


Commenced  June  2;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  terminated  June  19;  return 
of  workers;  in  favour  of  employers. 

Commenced  June  9;  protesting  em- 
ployment of  non-union  workers  on 
sub-contract;  terminated  June  9; 
negotiations;  in  favour  of  workers. 

Commenced  June  12;  for  pay  for 
travelling  time  from  city  limits  to 
job  site;  terminated  June  13; 
negotiations;  in  favour  of  workers. 


Commenced  June  19;  protesting  alleg- 
ed delay  in  filing  report  by  concilia- 
tion board;  terminated  June  22;  re- 
turn of  workers;  in  favour  of  em- 
ployers. 

Commenced  June  30;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  inceased  wages 
and  reduced  hours  with  same  take- 
home  pay,  with  5-day  week  for  all 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  unterminated. 

Commenced  June  15,  for  a  union  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  unterminated. 

Commenced  June  23;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages 
retroactive  to  Dec.  9-52  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board;  un- 
terminated. 


0) Preliminary  data  based  where  possible  on  reports  from  parties  concerned,  in  some  cases  incom- 
plete; subject  to  revision  for  the  annual  review. 

(2)In  this  table  the  date  of  commencement  is  that  on  which  time  loss  first  occurred  and  the  date 
of  termination  is  the  last  day  on  which  time  was  lost  to  an  appreciable  extent. 

(3)121  indirectly  affected;  (4)56  indirectly  affected;  (5)  20  indirectly  affected;  (6)  500  indirectly 
affected. 


1239 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOUR 

Obtainable  front  the  Circulation  Manager,  Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa 


Reprints  from  The  Labour  Gazette — 

Price:  10  cents. 

Annual  Vacations  with  Pay  in  Canadian  Manu- 
facturing Industries  (Aug.,  1952.) 

The  Normal  Work  Week  in  Canadian  Manu- 
facturing Industries,  1951  (June,  1952). 

Wages,  Hours  and  Working  Conditions  in  the 
Primary  Textile  Industry  (May,  1952.) 

Cost  of  Living  Escalator  Clauses  in  Collective 
Agreements  (Dec,  1951). 

Numbers  of  Workers  Affected  by  Collective 
Agreements  in  Canada,  by  Industry  (Dec, 
1951). 


Annual  Report  of  the  Department  of  Labour 

(for  fiscal  year  ended  March  31, 1952). 
Price:  25  cents. 


Labour  Organization  in  Canada 

1952  Report.    Price:  25  cents. 


Apprenticeship  in  Canada 

Price:  15  cents. 

Vocational  Education  in  Canada 

Price:  15  cents. 


Bulletins  of  Industrial  Relations  Series— 

Price:  10  cents. 

No.  1 — Joint  Councils  in  Industry. 

No.  3 — Joint  Conference  of  the  Building  and 
Construction  Industries  in  Canada,  Ottawa, 
1921. 

No.  5 — Canada  and  the  International  Labour 
Conference. 

No.  8 — National  Conference  regarding  Winter 
Employment  in  Canada. 


Canadian  Railway  Board  of  Adjustment  Xo.  1 

Nos.  9-18 — Reports  of  Proceedings  of  the 
Board  covering  three-vear  periods  from 
1923  to  1951. 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada  and  Other 
Countries,  1952         Price:  15  cents. 


Annual  Report  on  Wage  Rates  and  Hours  of 
Labour  in  Canada         Price:  25  cents. 


Labour-Management     Co-operation     Service 
Publications- 
Teamwork  in  Industry  (monthly). 
Industrial  Democracy  at  Work. 
The  Story  of  Five  LMPCs. 
Partners  in  Production  No.  2. 
Teamwork  in  Action. 
A  Stitch  in  Time. 
Co-operation  Works  Here. 
Meters,  Motors  and  Men. 

Joint  Consultation  in  the  E.  B.  Eddy  Com- 
pany. 
Joint  Consultation  in  Service  Industries. 
Making  the  Most  of  Your  LMPC. 
The  Foreman  and  the  LMPC. 
Labour-Management  Co-operation  Service. 
The  Labour  Representative  on  an  LMPC. 
Duties  of  an  LMPC  Chairman. 
What  Management  Men  Say  about  LMPCs. 


Provincial  Labour  Standards 

(concerning  child  labour,  holidays,  hours  of 
work,  minimum  wages,  weekly  rest-day  and 
workmen's  compensation)    Price:  10  cents. 


2  Minutes  of  Employment  Facts — 

(semi-monthly)        Free. 


Labour  Legislation  in  Canada  as  Existing  on 
December  31, 1948 

Price:  $2.00. 

First  Supplement  (1949-50)  Price:  25  cents. 

Workmen's  Compensation  in  Canada 

(a  comparison  of  provincial  laws) 
Price:  10  cents. 


Occupational  Monographs — 

Free. 

Bricklayers  and  Stone  Masons. 

Careers  in  Natural  Science  and  Engineering. 

Carpenter. 

Electrician. 

Forge  Shop  Occupations. 

Foundry  Workers. 

Lawyer. 

Machinist  and  Machine  Operator  (Metal). 

Mining  Occupations. 

Motor  Vehicle  Mechanics  and  Repairmen. 

Optometrist. 

Painter. 

Plasterer. 

Plumber,  Pipe  Fitter  and  Steam  Fitter. 

Printing  Trades. 

Sheet  Metal  Worker. 

Social  Worker. 

Technical    Occupations   in    Radio   and    Elect- 
ronics. 

Tool  and  Die  Maker. 


CURRENT  SEPTEMBER  ,5,  "53 

ir  ond  labour  relations 

REVIEW 

Economics  and  Research   Branch,   Canadian  Department  of  Labour 

Current  Manpower  Situation 

IN  general,  labour  requirements  and  supplies  continued  in  balance 
throughout  Canada  during  August,  although  a  slight  tightening 
of  the  available  supply  of  workers  occurred  during  the  month.  There 
were  very  few  changes  in  labour  market  classifications  and  few  new 
developments  affecting  the   manpower  situation. 

Employment  levels  again  increased  in  seasonal  activities  such 
as  farming,  food  processing,  construction  and  the  tourist  trade.  These 
industries  were  mainly  responsible  for  the  slightly  tighter  labour  market. 
During  the  month,  the  number  of  persons  at  work  for  35  hours  or  more 
increased  by  13,000  to  a  record  total  of  4,820,000.  Part  of  this  increase 
was  caused  by  workers  returning  from  annual  vacations.  It  is  estimated 
that,  of  the  total  number  of  workers  with  jobs,  88  per  cent  were  working 
full  time  at  August  22  (compared  with  85  per  cent  a  year  earlier);  three 
per  cent  were  regular  part-time  workers  and  six  per  cent  were  ill  or 
on  vacation. 

The  number  of  registrations  on  file  at  National  Employment  Service 
offices  declined  by  about  3,000  during  the  month.  Total  registrations 
in  August  were  slightly  higher  than  during  the  same  period  last  year 
but  the  number  of  paid  workers  has  increased  by  about  90,000  over  the 
year.  The  ratio  of  registrations  to  paid  workers,  therefore,  was  slightly 
lower  this   August  than  last. 

Increasing  labour  requirements  continued  to  characterize  all  major 
industrial  and  service  categories  except  mining.  Manufacturing  employ- 
ment edged  up  another  index  point  from  June  to  July,  reaching  a  level 
about  seven  per  cent  above  last  year's.  Construction  employment  in- 
creased about  seven  per  cent  during  the  same  month.  Mining  employ- 
ment, after  remaining  relatively  stable  during  most  of  the  summer,  was 


Monthly       Labour        Gazette      Feature 

124] 


, ~ ,,   ,  ,   ... . m -r, - , ■  

CURRENT    LAROUR    TRENDS 


INOEX 


THOUSANDS 


CENTS  PER  HOUR 


1953 


1952 


I  Averages | 


AVERAGE  HOURLY  EARNINGS 


,t.,.,.i i i i . 


HOURS  PER  WEEK 


44 


AVERAGE  HOURS  WORKED 

manufacturing 

—     1953 

Mb 

1952   N^ 

*     / 

[Averages] 

INDEX 


120 


1952 


CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX 


INDEX 


1100 
1000 
900 
800 
700 
600 


TOTAL  LABOUR  INCOME 


.1 

Averages) 


£  J   FMAMJJASONDJ 


J  FMAMJJASONDJ 


affected  by  the  strike  at  the  Noranda  gold  mine  during  August.  Similarly, 
over-all  employment  in  the  iron  and  steel  group  of  the  manufacturing 
sector  levelled  off  during  the  late  summer  despite  increases  in  the 
primary  iron  and  steel,  fabricated  metal  products  and  other  industries 
in  this  group.  This  levelling  off  can  be  largely  attributed  to  the  situation 
in  the  agricultural  implements  industry,  where  employment  has  declined 
steadily  for   nearly  a  year. 

Another  manufacturing  group  where  employment  conditions  have 
softened  somewhat  in  recent  months  is  textiles  and  clothing,  particu- 
larly the  former,  although  employment  in  these  two  industries  is  still 
at  levels  about  five  and  ten  per  cent,  respectively,  above  a  year  ago. 
Reports  have  been  received  of  non-seasonal  layoffs  in  textile  manu- 
facturing. Import  competition  and  rising  inventory  levels  at  various 
stages  of  distribution  are  reportedly  responsible  for  these  layoffs.  Some 
layoffs  have  also  been  reported  in  the  clothing  industry,  although  the 
extent  of  part-time  employment  has  actually  declined  in  recent  weeks. 
In  both  of  these  industries,  much  will  depend  on  consumer  expenditure 
patterns  during  the  fall,  since  the  clothing  industry  is  now  busy  on  fall 
and  winter  orders. 

Evidence  of  the  general  balance  between  the  demand  and  supply  of 
labour  in  Canada  is  the  fact  that  at  September  1  of  this  year,  87  of  the 
111  labour  market  areas,  accounting  for  82  per  cent  of  all  paid  workers, 
were  in  the  balanced  category.  This  compares  with  87  areas  and  80 
per  cent  at  August  1,  1953  and  85  areas  and  78  per  cent  at  September 
1,   1952. 

Nine  of  the  ten  metropolitan  areas  and  19  of  the  30  major  industrial 
areas  were  in  the  balanced  category  at  the  beginning  of  September.  There 
were  fairly  general  labour  shortages  in  one  metropolitan  area  (Edmonton) 
and.  in  one  major  industrial  area  (Kitchener).  This  indicates  the  rela- 
tively strong  position  of  services,  manufacturing  and  construction  in 
the  industrial  communities.  Nine  major  agricultural  areas  were  in  balance 
and  the  remaining  five  had  labour  shortages,  indicating  the  dual  pressure 
exerted  by  harvesting  and  construction  requirements  in  the  agricultural 
regions,   particularly  in  the   Prairie    Provinces. 

Of  the  ten  major  industrial  areas  with  slight  labour  surpluses,  two 
were  in  the  Atlantic  region.  This  region  shows  a  year-to-year  decline 
in  non-agricultural  employment,  most  noticeable  in  New  Brunswick. 
Decreases  in  employment  are  most  evident  in  coal  mining,  logging  and 
primary  iron  and  steel.  A  marked  decline  in  highway  construction  acti- 
vities is  also  adversely  affecting  employment  levels  in  New  Brunswick. 

Five  of  these  surplus  areas  were  located  in  Quebec.  In  tlese  cases 
the  surpluses  resulted  from  employment  problems  in  the  textile  industry, 
lower  construction  activity  in  some  localities  and  difficulties  in  metal- 
mining  communities. 

The  three  remaining  surplus  areas  in  the  major  industrial  labour 
market  category  were  in  Ontario.  Problems  in  these  areas  are  attributable 
to  layoffs  in  the  agricultural  implements  industry,  model  change-over 
in  the  automobile  industry  and  the  completion  of  some  major  construc- 
tion projects. 

1243 


Labour— Management  Relations 

AT  mid-September,  bargaining  was  continuing  in  the  steel,  clothing, 
rubber,  Nova  Scotia  coal -mining  and  pulp  and  paper  industries. 
Important  settlements  were  reached  in  meat  packing  and  in  west  coast 
forestry  operations  but  strike  votes  were  in  progress  among  deep-sea 
and  Creat  Lakes  seamen.  Strike  activity  in  general  was  well  below  the 
level  of  1952  despite  the  important  disputes  in  the  gold  and  copper 
mining  areas  of  northern  Ontario  and  Quebec.  A  one-month  strike  of 
motor  transport  employees  in  southwestern  Ontario  was  settled  at  the 
end  of  August. 

Non-Wage  Items  in  Recent  Bargaining.  Although  wage  rate  adjust- 
ments have  been  the  main  focus  of  lab  our- management  bargaining  in 
recent  months  (as  indicated  in  recent  issues  of  the  Current  Manpower 
and  Labour  Relations  Review),  considerable  attention  has  also  been 
given  to  so-called  "fringe"  items,  including  vacations  with  pay,  statu- 
tory holidays  and  health  and  welfare  plans.  In  an  examination  of  157  of 
the  more  important  agreements  re-negotiated  this  year,  63  or  40  per  cent 
were  found  to  contain  differences  from  the  previous  agreements  in  one 
or  more   of  the   above-mentioned  items. 

For  the  most  part,  the  changes  brought  practices  under  the  particular 
agreements  into  line  with  conditions  already  widely  in  effect  in  Canadian 
industry.  For  example,  a  continued  trend  was  noted  towards  the  intro- 
duction of  eight  paid  statutory  holidays  and  a  third  week's  vacation 
after  15  years'  service.  A  few  agreements,  however,  introduced  con- 
ditions   in  advance   of  those   commonly   prevailing. 

In  comparison  with  previous  agreements,  some  revision  of  vacations- 
with-pay   plans   was   noted   in  34  of  the   current  agreements. 

Under  eight  of  the  agreements,  an  additional  week  of  vacation  after 
varying  periods  of  service  was  provided.  In  five  cases  a  third  week  was 
added  to  the  previous  two,  w.hile  in  two  cases  the  maximum  was  extended 
from  tliree   to  four  weeks. 

Under  16  of  the  re-negotiated  agreements,  service  requirenients  to 
qualify  for  vacations  were  reduced.  In  five  cases  requirements  for  the 
second  week  were  lowered  to  three  years  or  less.  Eleven  agreements 
reduced  the  service  requirements  for  the  third  week  most  frequently  to 
15  years  from  20  years  or  more. 

In  14  of  the  agreements  surveyed,  the  number  of  paid  statutory 
holidays  per  year  was  increased  and  in  two  others  paid  statutory  holidays 
were  provided  for  the  first  time.  The  most  common  change  (eight  agree- 
ments) was  an  increase  in  the  number  of  holidays  granted  to  eight,  from 
seven,  six  or  five.  Three  agreements  introduced  provision  for  more  than 
eight  holidays.  Under  one  agreement,  premium  rates  for  work  on  paid 
holidays  were  also  increased  from  time  and  one-half  to  double  time; 
under  another,  the  rate  was  reduced  from  double  time  to  time  and  one- 
half.  Thirteen  agreements  made  changes  concerning  unpaid  statutory 
holidays. 

Bargaining  over  health  and  welfare  plans  resulted  in  revisions  to 
seven    plans    which   had    been   in   existence    previously,   while   six  plans 

1244 


were  introduced  in  agreements  for  the  first  time  in  1953.  In  five  of  the 
revised  plans  benefits  were  improved,  while  two  made  minor  changes 
in  financing  which  reduce   the   cost  to  employees. 

Current  Negotiations  and  Settlements.  During  the  latter  part  of 
August,  agreements  were  reached  between  the  United  Packinghouse 
Workers  of  America  (CIO-CCL)  and  the  three  major  meat-packing  firms, 
Canada  Packers,  Burns  and  Company  and  Swift  Canadian  Company. 
These  provided  for  a  general  increase  in  wage  rates  of  five  cents  an 
hour  for  men  and  four  cents  for  women.  In  addition,  all  classifications 
above  the  base  rate  received  an  additional  one-half  cent  an  hour  for 
each  2%  cents  by  which  their  rates  exceed  the  base  rate.  The  settlement 
was  thus  another  of  the  important  cases  this  year  where  higher  differ- 
entials were   given  to  skilled   workers. 

On  August  29,  the  strike  of  approximately  1,600  motor  transport 
employees  in  southwestern  Ontario,  which  started  on  July  30,  came  to 
an  end  when  agreements  were  concluded  between  the  companies  and 
the  International  Brotherhood  of  Teamsters,  Chauffeurs,  Warehousemen 
and  Helpers  of  America  (AFL-TLC).  Under  the  terms  of  the  two-year 
agreement,  hourly  rated  drivers  and  mechanics  are  to  receive  increases 
at  intervals  during  the  life  of  the  contract  amounting  in  total  to  20  cents 
for  drivers  and  24  cents  for  mechanics.  During  the  period,  the  mileage 
rate   is  also  to  be   increased   by  one-half  cent  per  mile. 

Matters  in  dispute  between  33  lumbering  and  sawmill  operators  in 
the  interior  of  British  Columbia  and  the  International  Woodworkers  of 
America  (CIO-CCL)  were  settled  through  acceptance  by  the  operators 
of  the  terms  of  an  agreement  negotiated  earlier  between  the  union  and 
Forest  Industrial  Relations  Limited,  representing  operators  on  the  west 
coast.  (L.G.,  August  1953,  p.   1102). 

At  the  date  of  writing,  a  strike  vote  had  just  been  taken  by  the 
Seafarers  International  Union  (AFL-TLC)  among  Canadian  seamen  oper- 
ating both  deep-sea  and  lake  vessels.  For  some  time,  negotiations  have 
been  in  progress  between  the  union  and  the  Shipping  Federation  of 
Canada,  Inc.,  representing  ocean-going  vessel  operators,  and  between 
the  union  and  four  of  the  major  operators  on  the  Great  Lakes,  Canada 
Steamship  Lines,  Limited,  Colonial  Steamships,  Limited,  N.M.  Paterson 
and  Sons  Limited  and  Upper  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  Transportation 
Company,   Limited. 

The  main  demands  of  the  union  on  both  the  deep-sea  and  lake  oper- 
ators were  a  general  increase  of  $50  a  month  for  all  unlicensed  personnel 
and  a  reduction   in  the   standard  work  week  from  56  to  40  hours. 

The  strike  vote  was  taken  following  the  union's  refusal  to  accept 
as  a  basis  for  the  settlement  the  reports  of  conciliation  boards  dealing 
with  the  disputes.  The  majority  report  of  the  board  dealing  with  the 
deep-sea  dispute  rejected  both  the  wage  and  hour  demands  of  the  union. 
The  report  contended  that  the  Canadian  merchant  fleet  has  difficulty 
competing  with  the  fleets  of  other  countries  and  that  any  substantial 
increase  in  labour  costs  at  this  time  would  endanger  the  existence  of 
the   Canadian   operators. 


1245 


Two  conciliation  boards  dealing  with  the  Great  Lakes  situation 
recommended  in  their  majority  reports  a  gradual  reduction  over  the  next 
year  to  the  standard  40-hour  week,  48  hours  to  be  the  normal  work  week 
effective  September  1,  1953,  44  hours  April  1,  1954  and  40  hours  August 
1,  1954.  They  also  recommended  payment  of  time  and  one-half  for  work 
beyond  the  normal  working  week  as  set  forth.  The  majority  report  recom- 
mended against  the  union's  request  for  a  $50  a  month  wage  increase 
retroactive  to  January  31,  1953  but  pointed  out  that  the  suggested  hour 
schedule  would  result  in  monthly  increases  ranging  between  $25  and 
$40  at  the   proposed  effective  date   for  the  40-hour  week. 

At  Toronto,  1,700  milk  drivers,  members  of  local  647,  International 
Brotherhood  of  Teamsters,  Chauffeurs  and  Warehousemen  of  America 
(AFLrTLC)  walked  off  their  jobs  after  a  lengthy  period  of  negotiations 
and  conciliations.  The  strike  lasted  three  full  working  days  and  was 
terminated  on  September  14.  Much  of  the  dispute  surrounded  the  drivers' 
opposition  to  the  introduction  of  the  five-day  delivery  week.  In  the  final 
settlement,  however,  the  five-day  delivery  week  was  included,  together 
with  a  $6.50  increase  in  salaries,  an  increase  in  commissions,  additional 
paid  statutory  holidays  to  bring  the  total  to  eight  and  a  lump  sum  pay- 
ment of  $50  in  lieu  of  any  retroactive  feature  to  the  agreement. 

Strikes  and  Lockouts.  So  far  this  year,  strike  activity  has  been 
below  the  level  of  1952.  Last  year,  the  time  lost  in  strikes  was  ap- 
proaching two  and  one-half  million  working  days  by  the  end  of  August. 
This    year   the    comparable    figure    is   only   slightly   more    than  375,000. 

Significant  recent  developments  in  the  strike  picture  involve  the 
metal-mining  industries   in  northern  Ontario  and  Quebec. 

Following  the  report  of  a  conciliation  board,  1,600  miners  at  Noranda 
Mines  Limited  in  northern  Quebec,  represented  by  the  United  Steel- 
workers  of  America,  went  on  strike  August  21.  The  main  issues  in  this 
dispute  are  the  union's  requests  for  a  40-hour  week,  an  increase  of  30 
cents  an  hour  in  wage  rates,  and  a  check-off  of  union  dues.  The  majority 
report  of  the  board  recommended  continuance  of  the  4&-hour  week  and 
rejected  the  check-off  request.  On  the  issue  of  wages,  the  chairman 
recommended  eight  cents  an  hour,  the  union  nominee  22  cents  and  the 
employer  nominee   four  rents. 

In  the  northern  Ontario  gold-mining  area  of  Timmins,  the  United 
Steelworkers  of  America  are  now  involved  in  strikes  at  four  mines, 
covering  a  total  of  more  than  900  employees.  Employees  of  Delnite 
Mines  went  on  strike  August  25;  those  at  Broulan  Reef  Mines,  Preston 
East  Dome  Mines  and  Hallnor  Mines  have  been  on  strike  since  mid- July. 
There   are  no  indications  of  an  immediate  settlement  at  any  of  these  mines. 

Union  Developments.  Expulsion  of  the  west  coast  United  Fishermen 
and  Allied  Workers  Union  from  the  Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of 
Canada  was  announced  in  late  August.  This  action  was  based  on  evi- 
dence   of  "Communist  leadership  and   leanings." 

At  Oakville,  Ont.,  the  United  Automobile,  Aircraft  and  Agricultural 
Implement  Workers  of  America  (CIO-CCL)  applied  for  certification  as 
bargaining  agents  for  workers  at  the  new  plant  of  the  Ford  Motor  Company 
of  Canada. 

1246 


Manpower  Situation  in  Local  Areas 


CANADA 

Proportion     of    paid     workers     within    each 
of    tho    four    labour    market    groups. 


Par  Cent 


SURPLUS  SURPLUS  BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP  1  GROUP  2  GROUP  3   GROUP  4 


SEASONAL  manpower  require- 
ments of  farming,  food-pro- 
cessing and  construction  ap- 
proached a  peak  during  August  and 
almost  all  local  areas  experienced 
a  gradual  tightening  of  labour 
supplies.  At  September  1,  nine 
areas  were  in  the  labour  shortage 
category  (one  more  than  at  August 
1),  87  were  in  balance  (unchanged), 
and  15  were  in  the  surplus  category 
(one  less  than  at  August  1).  Of  the 
nine  shortage  areas,  seven  were 
in  the  Prairie  provinces,  where 
the  harvesting  of  a  near-record 
grain    crop    was    in   full   swing.    Of 

the    15  surplus    areas,   seven  were    in    Quebec   and   four  in  the   Atlantic 
region. 

Year-to-year  comparisons  of  employment  conditions  indicate  that, 
in  relation  to  demand,  the  supply  of  labour  is  somewhat  greater  this 
fall  than  last  (see   accompanying  chart  and  table). 

There  are,  for  example,  six  more  industrial  areas  with  surplus  labour 
in  1953  than  there  were  in  1952.  This  increase  stems  from  various 
causes,  including  the  strike  of  1,600  miners  at  Noranda,  lower  pro- 
duction of  agricultural  implements  and  textiles  in  Brantford,  model 
change-over  at  the  Chrysler  plant  in  Windsor  and  the  simultaneous  com- 
pletion of  a  number  of  construction  projects    in  Cornwall. 

Correspondingly,  labour  shortage  areas  are  less  numerous  than 
they  were  last  year.  This  is  largely  because  of  less  extensive  defence 
construction  work  in  Goderich  and  Barrie  and  less  urgent  demand  for 
miners  in  Sudbury  and  Timmins,  for  metal-working  tradesmen  in  Ottawa  — 
Hull  and  for  railway  construction  workers   in  Sept  lies. 


Labour  Market 
Areas 

Labour  Surplus* 

Approximate 
Balance* 

Labour 
Shortage* 

1 

2 

3 

4 

Sept.    1 
1953 

Sept.   1 

1952 

Sept.    1 
1953 

Sept.  1 
1952 

Sept.   1 
1953 

Sept.   1 
1952 

Sept.    1 
1953 

Sept.  1 
1952 

Metropolitan 
Major  Industrial 
Major  Agricultural 
Minor 

- 

1 

10 
5 

1 
4 

5 

9 
19 

9 
50 

8 
23 

8 
46 

1 
1 
5 
2 

1 
3 

6 
5 

Total 

- 

1 

15 

10 

87 

85 

9 

15 

'See  inside  back  cover,  Labour  (inzette. 


1247 


CLASSIFICATION    OF    LABOUR    MARKET   AREAS,    SEPTEMBER    1,    1953 


APPROXIMATE 

LABOUR 

LABOUR  SURPLUS 

BALANCE 

SHORTAGE 

Group  1                                  Group  2 

Group  3 

Group  4 

Calgary 

Edmonton 

Hamilton 

Montreal 

Ottawa  -  Hull 

METROPOLITAN  AREAS 

Ouebec  -Levis 

(lobour  lorce  75,000  or  more) 

St.  John's 
Toronto 

Vancouver  -New 
Westminster 

Winnipeg 

Drantford 

Corner  Crook 

Kitchener 

Cornwall 

Fornhom  -Granby 

Lac  St.  Jean 

Fort  William  - 

Rouyn-Vol  d'Cr 

Port  Arthur 

Saint  John 

Guelph 

Shawinigon  Foils 

Halifax 

Sydney 

Joliette 

Trois  Rivieres 

Kingston 

MAJOR  INDUSTRIAL   AREAS 

Valleyfield- 

London 

(lobour  force  25,000-75,000: 

Leauharnois 
Windsor 

Moncton 
New  Glasgow 
Niogora  Peninsula 
Oshawo 

60  per  cent  or  more  in 

non-agricultural  activity) 

Peterborough 

Sornio 

Sherbrooke 

St.  Hyacinthe 

Sudbury 

Timmins- 

K  irklonci  Lake 

Victoria 

tome 

trandon 

Charlottetown 

Red  Deer 

Chothorr 

Regino 

*AJCR  AGRICULTURAL   AREAS 
(labour  force  25,000-75,000: 

Lethbridge 
Moose  Jaw 
North  Eattleford 

Soskatoon 
Yorkton 

40  per  cent  or  more  in  agriculture) 

Prince  Albert 
Riviere  du  Loup 
Thetford  -  Megontic  - 
St.  Georges 

Central  Vancouver 

[  athurst 

Cracebridge 

Island 

Belleville  -  Trenton 

Swift  Current 

Crurrrondville 

Lrampton 

Fredericton 

Lridgewoter 

G  o  s  p  e 

Buckingham 

Newcastle 

CampLellton 

Chilliwack 

Cronbrook 

Dauphin 

Dawson  Creek 

Drun  heller 

Edmundston 

Gait 

Goderich 

Grand  Foils 

Ingersoll 

Komloops 

Kentville 

Lochute  - 

Ste.  Therese 
Leamington 
Lindsay 
Listowel 
Medicine  fiat 
Montmogny 

MINCR  AREAS 

North  Boy 

(labour  force  10,000-25,000) 

Okanagon  Volley 
Cwen  Sound 
Pembroke 
Portage  la  Prairie 
Prince  George 
Prince  Rupert 
Ouebec  -North  Shore 
Rimouski 
Soult  Ste.  Marie 
Simcoe 
Sorel 

Ste.  Agathe  - 
St.  Jerome 
St.  Jean 
Stratford 
St.  Stephen 
St.  Thomas 
Summerside 
Trail  -  Nelson 
Truro 

Victoriaville 
Wolkerton 
Weyburn 

Woodstock,  Cnt. 
Woodstock,  N.t. 

Yormouth 

ATLANTIC 


ATLANTIC 

Proportion     of    paid     workers     within    each 
of     the    four    labour    market    groups,    1953. 

Per  Cent  Par  Cent 


rr?xi 

— 

Aug.    1 

\      Sept.    1 

ft 

SURPLUS     SURPLUS    BALANCE    SHORTAGE 
GROUP    1     GROUP    2     GROUP    3      GROUP    4 


THE  upward  trend  of  employment 
was  halted  during  August  as  farm 
labour  requirements  gradually  de- 
clined following  the  completion  of 
hay  and  grain  harvesting  in  most 
areas  of  the  Atlantic  region.  In 
the  four  weeks  ending  August  22, 
full-time  employment  decreased 
from  374,500  to  354,500  while  the 
number  of  persons  working  less 
than  full  time  increased  from  32,000 
to  41,000.  Part  of  the  decrease 
of  11,000  in  the  total  number  of 
persons  at  work  resulted  from 
vacations. 


Comparison  with  last  year  shows  a  reduction  in  non-agricultural 
employment.  The  year-to-year  decline  was  most  noticeable  in  New 
Brunswick  (4.2  per  cent),  followed  by  Nova  Scotia  (1.9  per  cent).  The 
marked  reduction  in  the  volume  of  engineering  construction,  particularly 
highway  and  road  work,  was  mainly  responsible  for  this  development. 
As  a  result,  even  though  residential  building  showed  somewhat  higher 
employment  levels  this  year  than  last,  total  employment  in  the  con- 
struction industry  declined  by  about  1,100  in  Nova  Scotia  and  2,500  in 
New  Brunswick.  In  addition,  employment  in  coal  mining,  logging  and 
primary  iron  and  steel  manufacturing  decreased  by  eight,  28  and  ten 
per  cent  respectively.  Losses  in  these  industries  were  partly  offset 
by  year-to-year  employment  gains  in  the  pulp  and  paper  industry,  saw 
and   planing  mills   and  transportation  equipment  manufacturing. 

There  was  no  significant  change  in  the  classification  of  the  various 
labour  markets  during  August.  As  in  July,  most  areas  were  in  balance, 
slight  labour  surpluses  existing  in  only  fo"Ur  of  the  21  areas  in  the  region. 
At  the  same  time  last  year,  18  areas  had  approximately  balanced  labour 
markets   and   three   slight   labour  surpluses. 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas,  In  St.  John's,  Nfld.,  labour 
supply  and  demand  remained  in  approximate  balance,  though  available 
labour  was  reduced  by  the  return  to  work  of  550  iron-ore  miners  who 
had   been  temporarily   laid   off   in   July. 

In  the  industrial  centres  employment  continued  at  about  the  same 
levels  during  August  as  a  month  earlier.  The  only  notable  increases 
in  labour  demand  were  for  certain  construction  skills.  These  demands 
increased  during  the  month,  however,  because  much  of  the  work  in 
progress  was  reaching  the  stage  where  additional  tradesmen  were  re- 
quired. The  available  supply  of  skilled  construction  workers  was  almost 
exhausted  in  Halifax  and  Moncton  but  it  is  expected  that  requirements 
will  be  even  higher  during  the  next. few  weeks.  Consequently,  it  is 
likely  that  some  shortages  will  occur  for  such  skills  as  concrete  and 
cement  finishers,  carpenters,  electricians  and  bricklayers,  which  are 
usually     in    short    supply    in    the    Atlantic    region    at   this    time    of  year. 


1250 


Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas.  Very  little  change  occurred 
in  these  areas  during  August.  Balanced  labour  markets  were  maintained 
in  the  same  11  areas  as  a  month  earlier  and  moderate  labour  surpluses 
continued  in  Newcastle  and  Fredericton.  Adequate  labour  supplies 
existed  for  haymaking  and  grain  harvesting  as  a  result  of  normal  seasonal 
reductions  in  sawmilling  and  pulp-cutting  employment.  Additional  em- 
ployment will  be  provided  to  a  fairly  large  number  of  workers  when 
potato  digging  and  bean  harvesting  gets  under  way  in  the  State  of  Maine 
and   potato  digging  begins   in  Prince   Edward   Island. 

QUEBEC 


QUEBEC 

Proportion     of    paid     workers     within    each 
of    the    four    labour    market    groups,    1953. 


Per  Cent 

90 


>t.  i 

Aug.    1    S* 
\           / 

,, ,  r 

,.  .       L   -L-       .i,,. 

SURPLUS    SURPLUS    BALANCE   SHORTAGE 
CROUP    1     GROUP   2    GROUP   3      GROUP   4 


DURING  August,  the  number  of 
persons  with  jobs  increased  by 
7,000  in  the  Quebec  region  as 
seasonal  peaks  were  reached  in 
the  construction,  fishing  and  can- 
ning industries.  The  number  of 
full-time  workers  rose  by  53,000 
from  a  month  earlier,  to  a  total 
of  1,396,000  at  August  22,  largely 
as  the  result  of  returning  vacation- 
ists. Resumption  of  work  in  cloth- 
ing and  in  a  few  textile  firms 
reduced  the  number  employed  part- 
time  by  8,000,  bringing  the  total 
working  less  than  35  hours  to 
62,000. 

An  increase  of  45,000  in  the  number  of  persons  with  jobs  occurred 
in  the  12  months  ending  August,  1953,  despite  a  slightly  lower  level 
of  industrial  construction  activity  this  year.  Residential  building  was 
more  active  throughout  the  province  this  year  and  Montreal  and  a  number 
of  other  areas  experienced  an  unprecedented  amount  of  house  building. 
Some  outlying  districts,  on  the  other  hand,  were  affected  by  the  com- 
pletion of  several  large  hydro-electric  developments  and  by  reduction 
of  road  construction.  Employment  in  manufacturing  increased  consi- 
derably during  the  year  and  was  accompanied  by  a  noticeable  decline 
in  short-time  operations  in  paper,  clothing  and  knit  goods  manufacturing 
industries. 

Labour  surpluses  disappeared  in  three  areas  and  returned  in  one 
during  August.  By  the  beginning  of  September,  17  of  the  24  areas  in 
the  region  had  approximately  balanced  labour  markets.  Slight  labour 
surpluses  existed  in  the  remaining  seven,  compared  with  four  a  year 
earlier. 

Metropolitan  Areas.  Employment  conditions  showed  little  change 
in  the  Montreal  area,  apart  from  heavy  demand  for  construction  workers 
in  the  city  and  in  northern  localities.  Hirings  were  few  in  manufacturing 
where  many  plants  were  closed  for  vacations.  Activity  was  increasing 
in  clothing  manufacturing  as  production  began  on  fall  and  winter  orders. 
Skilled  machine  operators  were  scarce,  as  were  hand  cutters  and  stit- 
chers  in  boot  and   shoe   manufacturing. 


J251 


The  Quebec  city  area  remained  in  the  balanced  category  although 
construction  activity  increased.  The  building  program  this  year  has 
been  larger  than  last  year  but  small  compared  with  that  of  other  areas 
and  many  workers   moved  to  northern  resource  developments. 

Major  Industrial  Areas.  Slight  labour  surpluses  continued  in  Shaw- 
inigan  Falls  where  the  chemical  and  aluminum  industries  were  operating 
below  full  capacity  and  construction  activity  was  not  extensive.  The 
labour  surplus  was  50  per  cent  larger  than  last  year,  reflecting  the 
lower  level  of  activity  in  the  surrounding  rural  areas.  Moderate  labour 
surpluses  also  existed  in  the  Lac  St.  Jean  district,  Trois  Rivieres, 
Valleyfield  — Beauharnois  and  in  Rouyn  — Val  d'Or  where  1,600  miners 
at  Noranda  Mines  went  on  strike.  Farnham  — Granby  came  into  the 
balanced  group  during  the  month. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas.  The  Buckingham  and  Sorel 
areas  came  into  balance  during  the  month,  leaving  only  the  Drummond- 
ville  and  Gaspe  districts  in  the  surplus  category.  The  employment 
situation  in  these  two  areas  was  only  slightly  improved  over  last  year 
when  moderate  surpluses  persisted  throughout  the  summer  months.  The 
labour  situation  remained  balanced  in  the  Quebec  — North  Shore  area 
despite  the  damage   of  forest  fires. 

ONTARIO 


ONTARIO 

Proportion     of     paid     workers     within  each 

of    the    four    labour    market    groups,  1953. 

Par  Cant  Par  Cant 


Sept.    1 

*-<  'T" 

,,  ,  \m 

•ervrm 

IN  Ontario,  the  labour  market  situ- 
ation remained  fairly  stable  during 
August.  The  number  of  persons 
with  jobs  was  the  same  as  at  the 
end  of  July.  However,  vacations 
and  some  temporary  plant  closures 
increased  the  number  away  from 
their  work  by  19,000  during  the 
month  to  a  total  of  137,000  at 
August  22  (107,000  of  these  were 
on  vacation). 

Employment  in  manufacturing, 
construction,  agriculture  and  resort 
establishments  continued  at  peak 
levels  during  August.  Few  qualified 
workers  were  available,  although 
by  the  end  of  the  month,  completion  of  most  harvest  operations,  followed 
by  hail  damage  to  part  of  the  tobacco  crop,  reduced  requirements  for 
farm  workers.  Moreover,  by  the  second  week  in  September  most  tourist 
resorts  were  closed  and  student  workers  had  returned  to  school.  In 
northern  Ontario,  the  shift  of  farm  workers  to  logging  camps  began  but 
will   not  be   completed  for  several  weeks. 

In  a  large  section  of  central  southern  Ontario,  including  London, 
Kitchener,  Guelph,  Woodstock,  Stratford,  Simcoe  and  St.  Thomas,  the 
high  level  of  activity  in  manufacturing  industries,  together  with  heavy 
residential  construction  this  year  and  the  usual  seasonal  demand  for 
harvest   and   tobacco   workers,   utilized   nearly   all   available    labour.  On 


SURPLUS  SURPLUS  BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP  1  GROUP  2  GROUP  3   GROUP  4 


1252 


the  other  hand,  further  declines  in  activity  in  the  agricultural  implement 
and  textile  industries,  as  well  as  employment  reductions  in  automobile 
manufacturing  created   labour  surpluses   in  some   areas. 

At  the  beginning  of  September,  31  of  the  36  areas  in  Ontario  had 
approximately  balanced  labour  markets.  Three  major  industrial  areas 
recorded  surpluses  and  Bracebridge  and  Kitchener  fell  into  the  short- 
age  category. 

Metropolitan  Areas,  The  labour  market  situation  in  Toronto  remained 
virtually  unchanged  during  August,  the  available  labour  supply  barely 
meeting  the  demands  of  the  expanding  construction  industry.  During 
the  latter  part  of  August  and  early  September,  the  Canadian  National 
Exhibition  provided  temporary  employment  for  many.  Further  lay-offs 
occurred  in  the  textile  industry  in  Hamilton  but  skilled  seamers  and 
cutters  were  still  somewhat  scarce  in  that  area  and  construction  con- 
tinued to  expand  during  the  month.  The  demand  for  labour  continued 
to  increase  in  Ottawa  and  stenographers,  typists,  construction  workers, 
truck  and  taxi  drivers   and  engineers  remained   in  short  supply. 

Major  Industrial  Areas.  Employment  was  fairly  stable  in  most  of 
the  major  industrial  areas  during  August  and  early  September;  nine  of 
the  13  areas  were  in  balance.  Brantford  remained  in  the  surplus  category 
as  further  lay-offs  occurred  in  the  agricultural  implement  industry  and 
a  surplus  developed  in  Windsor  when  two  automobile  plants  laid  off 
staff  in  preparing  for  production  changes.  Completion  of  most  of  the 
major  construction  projects  in  Cornwall  brought  the  area  into  the  surplus 
category.  However,  labour  was  still  scarce  in  Kitchener,  particularly 
for  female  clerical,  sales  and  service  workers,  and  construction  workers. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas.  At  the  end  of  August,  19  of  the 
20  areas  had  approximately  balanced  labour  markets.  Bracebridge  moved 
into  the  shortage  category  as  a  renewal  of  activity  in  the  tourist  in- 
dustry toward  the  end  of  August  temporarily  increased  labour  demand 
in  that  area. 

PRAIRIE 


ADDITIONAL  employment  expan- 
sion occurred  in  the  Prairie  region 
during  August  despite  the  absence 
of  almost  40,000  workers  on  holi- 
days. The  number  of  workers 
employed  more  than  35  hours 
amounted  to  887,000  at  August  22, 
an  increase  of  7,000  from  the 
previous  month.  Compared  with 
the  same  time  a  year  earlier, 
full-time  employment  registered 
an     increase     of    36,000    workers. 

The  trend  of  labour  require- 
ments in  the  region  has  been 
steadily  upward  this  summer.  In 
the    twelve    months    before    July    1, 


PRAIRIE 

Proportion     of    paid     workers     within    •och 
of     the    four    labour    market    groups,    1953. 


Aug.    1 


90 


60 


I 


SURPLUS     SURPLUS    BALANCE    SHORTAGE 
GROUP    1     GROUP    2     GROUP    3      GROUP    4 


10 


1253 


non-agricultural  employment  increased  more  than  six  per  cent;  two-fifths 
of  this  is  attributable  to  the  increase  in  industrial  and  residential  con- 
struction. At  July  1,  the  larger  construction  firms  in  the  region  employed 
29  per  cent  more  workers  than  a  year  earlier. 

The  general  demand  for  labour  was  strengthened  during  August  by 
the  annual  manpower  requirements  of  the  grain  harvest,  which  developed 
rapidly  because  of  above-average  temperatures.  A  crop  of  near-record 
proportions  was  in  prospect,  although  hail  had  brought  severe  damage 
and  rust  and  early  frost  were  still  hazards  in  some  areas.  By  the  first 
week  in  September,  harvesting  was  under  way  in  all  but  the  more  north- 
erly districts  and  vacancies  for  1,000  farm  hands  were  reported  by  the 
National  Employment  Service.  It  was  expected,  however,  that  these 
demands  would  be  satisfied  with  the  aid  of  farm  workers  who  were 
moving  into  the   region  from  eastern  Canada. 

The  increasing  demand  for  labour  in  all  local  areas  during  August 
was  accompanied  by  a  steadily  shrinking  supply.  Seven  labour  market 
areas,  covering  40  per  cent  of  the  region's  wage  and  salary  workers, 
showed  clear  evidence  of  fairly  general  labour  shortages  at  the  begin- 
ning of  September.  Of  the  remaining  13  areas,  which  were  in  the  balanced 
labour   category,    several  were   approaching  shortage  conditions. 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas,  Shortage  conditions  con- 
tinued in  Edmonton  during  August.  The  labour  supply  situation  became 
even  tighter  as  a  result  of  the  recruiting  of  some  500  workers  for  a  new 
chemical  plant.  To  the  occupations  already  in  short  supply  in  the  area 
(carpenters,  bricklayers,  automobile  mechanics,  stenographers  and 
waitresses)  were  added  harvesters  (power  operators)  and  construction 
labourers  for  northern  defence  projects. 

Labour  demand  and  supply  remained  in  balance  in  Winnipeg  and 
Calgary,  no  notable   change   occurring  during  the   month* 

The  situation  in  Fort  William  — Port  Arthur  appeared  to  be  one  of 
approaching  labour  shortage.  In  addition  to  the  high  level  of  activity  in 
aircraft  and  motor  vehicle  manufacturing  and  in  shipbuilding,  pulpwood 
production  during  the  coming  winter  is  expected  to  be  considerably 
above  last  year's  low  level.  Vacancies  existed  for  over  1,200  loggers 
which  the  National  Employment  Service  does  not  expect  will  be  filled 
until   after  the    harvest. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas.  Harvesting  require ments  de- 
pleted the  supply  of  available  labour  in  agricultural  and  minor  areas. 
Skilled  power  operators  were  scarce  throughout  the  region.  Owing  to 
the  arrival  of  outside  harvest  workers,  however,  no  acute  shortage  of 
farm  labour  was  anticipated.  By  the  middle  of  September,  more  than 
1,500  of  these  workers  had  been  transferred  to  the  areas  where  they 
were   most   urgently  required. 

PACIFIC 

EMPLOYMENT  conditions  in  the  Pacific  region  remained  fairly  static 
during  August,  except  for  periodic  logging  shut-downs.  These  closures 
were  reflected  in  the  full-time  employment  total  which  dropped  from 
384.000    to    372,000   in   the   four   weeks   ending   August   22.    During  this 

1254 


PACIFIC 

Proportion     of    paid    workers     within    each 

of    the    four    labour    market    groups,    1953. 

P«r  Cent  P«r  C«nt 


90 

90 

80 
70 
60 
50 
40 
30 
20 
10 

80 
70 
60 
50 

Aug.    1 

H 

I 

Mm 

30 
20 
10 

■         1 

■ 

■         1 

,,  ,  m  1 

i  i     i 

SURPLUS     SURPLUS    BALANCE   SHORTAGE 
GROUP    1     GROUP   2    GROUP   3      GROUP   4 


period,  there  was  a  corresponding 
increase  in  the  number  of  workers 
employed  less  than  35  hours  per 
week. 

Construction  and  food  pro- 
cessing were  the  main  industries 
in  which  employment  expansion 
occurred  during  August.  Hiring 
for  fruit,  vegetable  and  salmon 
canning  was  equal  to  the  level  of 
former  years  and  heavy  demands 
for  apple  pickers  were  expected 
during  the  September  harvest 
period.  In  contrast  to  last  year, 
the  construction  industry  was  free 
of  labour  disputes  and  employment  in  recent  months  has  shown  year-to- 
year  increases  of  more  than  40  per  cent.  While  peak  activity  was  probably 
reached  in  August,  new  construction  projects  at  various  points  are 
expected  to  sustain  the  level  of  employment  in  this  industry  for  some 
months. 

Logging  and  sawmilling  firms  continued  to  operate  at  near-capacity 
levels  throughout  the  month,  except  for  sporadic  shut-downs  on  Vancouver 
Island.  Greater  sales  of  lumber  in  the  United  States  and  Canadian  markets 
have  sustained  lumber  production  in  1953,  despite  the  loss  of  much  of 
the  United  Kingdom  market.  There  was  concern,  however,  in  some  areas 
about  heavy  log  inventories  and  a  number  of  firms  reduced  or  closed 
down  their  woods   operations  during  the   month  for  this  reason. 

The  labour  market  classification  of  most  areas  remained  unchanged 
during  the  month,  since  greater  employment  in  construction  and  food 
processing  was  largely  offset  by  surpluses  resulting  from  the  inter- 
mittent work  stoppages  in  the  logging  industry.  One  notable  exception 
was  Vancouver  — New  Westminster,  where  demand  and  supply  came  into 
balance.  As  a  result,  the  number  of  wage  and  salary  workers  in  balanced 
areas  increased  from  33  to  93  per  cent  of  the  regional  total  (see  ac- 
companying chart). 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas.  The  employment  situation 
in  Vancouver —  New  Westminster  gradually  came  into  balance  as  a 
result  of  greater  construction  activity,  more  continuous  logging  employ- 
ment and  the  short-term  requirements  of  the  canning  industry.  The 
sockeye  salmon  run  was  heavy,  but  scarcity  of  other  species  reduced 
the  total  salmon  pack  to  about  the  average  for  the  previous  two  years. 
Substantial  amounts  of  new  residential,  commercial  and  industrial 
building  increased  the  construction  labour  force  to  its  highest  point 
in  several  years.  Shortages  persisted  in  certain  occupations,  notably 
carpenters,    pipe    fitters,    high-pressure    welders    and    trowel   tradesmen. 

Minor  Areas.  Balanced  labour  conditions  continued  in  all  the  re- 
maining areas  of  the  region,  except  Central  Vancouver  Island.  In  this 
area,  the  fire  hazard  and  excessive  log  inventories  resulted  in  short- 
term  lay-offs  which  had  affected  about  1,200  lumber  workers  by  the 
end  of  August.  The  demand  for  construction  workers  in  this  area  was 
well  maintained  and  additions  to  the  plywood  plant  in  Port  Alberni 
and  the  pulp  mill  in  Nanairno  are  expected  to  create   more   than  400  job 


opportunities   in  the   coming  months, 


1255 


Current  Labour  Statistics 


(Latest  available  statistics  as  of  September  10,   1953) 


Principal  Items 


Date 


Amount 


Percentage  Change 
From 


Previous 
Month 


Previous 
Year 


Manpower 

Total  civilian  labour  force  (a) 

Persons  at  work  35  hours  or  more  

Persons  at  work  less  than  35  hours 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

On  short  time 

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours  

Persons  with  jobs  not  at  work 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours   

Persons  without  jobs  &  seeking  work  ... 
Persons  not  in  the  labour  force  

Registered  for  work,  NES  (b) 

Atlantic  

Quebec    

Ontario   

Prairie    

Pacific    

Total,  all  regions    

Ordinary  claims  for  Unemployment 

Insurance  benefit 

Amount  of  benefit  payments    

Index  of  employment  (1939  =  100) 

Immigration  

Industrial  Relations 

Strikes  and  lockouts  —days  lost 

No.  of  workers  involved 

No.  of  strikes    

Earnings  and  Income 

Average  weekly  wages  and  salaries   

Average  hourly  earnings  (mfg.)  

Average  hours  worked  per  week  (mfg.)    

Average  weekly  earnings  (mfg.) 

Cost-of-living  index  (av.    1935-39  =  100)  ... 

Consumer  price  index  (av.   1949=100) 

Real  weekly  earnings  (mfg.  av.   1949=100) 
Total  labour  income $000,000 

Industrial  Production 

Total  (average   1935-39  =  100) 

Manufacturing    

Durables 

Non-Durables  


Aug.  22 
Aug.  22 
Aug.  22 
Aug.  22 
Aug.  22 
Aug.  22 
Aug.  22 
Aug.  22 
Aug.  22 
Aug.  22 
Aug.  22 


Aug.  20 
Aug.  20 
Aug.  20 
Aug.  20 
Aug.  20 
Aug.  20 


Aug.     1 
July 

July      1 

July 


August 
August 
August 


July  1 

July  1 

July  1 

July  1 

Aug.  1 

Aug.  1 

July  1 
June 


June 
June 
June 
June 


5,507,000 

4,820,000 

273,000 

105,000 

25,000 

168,000 

322,000 

313,000 

* 

92,000 
4,550,000 


21,214 
55,107 
50,263 
16,504 
21,754 
164,842 


110,938 
$7,148,024 

190.8 

19,697 


92,760 

8,598 

17 


$57.58 

$L36 

4L4 

$56.35 

186.4 

115.7 

117.1 

979 


257.0 
274.1 
338.5 
233.0 


-  0.2 
+  0.3 

-  0.7 
+  15.4 
+  8.7 

-  8.7 

-  6.1 

-  5.7 

+  2.2 
+  0.6 


-  6.5 

-  6.0 
+  7.0 
-17.9 

-  2.3 

-  3.4 


-  7.4 
-15.0 

+   1.8 

+  7.2 


0.2 
0.1 
0.7 
0.6 
0.2 
0.3 
1.0 
1.0 


+  0.9 
+  0.9 
+  0.6 
+   1.2 


+  17.0 
+  12.9 
+  4.7 

-  8.1 
-36.1 

-  1.3 


1.5 
13.6 


+   2.9 


14.6(c) 


■84.4(c) 
-73.0(c) 
-38.2(c) 


+  6.7 
+  5.8 
+  0.2 
+  6.1 

-  0.6 

-  0.3 
+  6.8 
+  10.6 


+  7.8 
+  9.1 
+  12.5 
+  6.1 


(a),  (b):  See  inside  back  cover.  Labour  Gazette. 

(c)  These  percentages  compare  the  cumulative  total  to  date  from  first  of  current  year  with 
total  for  same  period  previous   year. 

♦Less  than  10,000. 
1256 


Motes  of 
Current 
Interest 


iiliiiiiM 


DurUin  Resigns  Abruptly 
As  U.S.  Labour  Secretary 

Martin  P.  Durkin  abruptly  resigned 
as  United  States  Secretary  of  Labour 
September  10.  In  his  letter  of  resignation 
to  President  Eisenhower  he  charged  that 
the  Administration  had  broken  an  agree- 
ment with  him  on  recommendations  to  be 
made  for  changing  the  controversial  Taft- 
Hartley  labour  relations  law. 

He  is  expected  to  return  to  his  post  as 
president  of  the  plumbers'  union,  the  posi- 
tion he  held  at  the  time  of  his  surprise 
appointment  to  the  U.S.  Cabinet. 


Name  New   Chairman  for 
Canada  Labour  Board 

C.  Rhodes  Smith,  QC,  Chairman  of  the 
Restrictive  Trade  Practices  Commission, 
has  been  appointed  Chairman  of  the 
Canada  Labour  Relations  Board.  He 
succeeds  Hon.  G.  B.  O'Connor,  Chief 
Justice  of  Alberta,  who  was  Chairman  of 
the  Board  since  its  inception  in  1948.  Mr. 
Smith  will  retain  his  post  as  head  of  the 
Restrictive  Trade  Practices  Commission. 

He  was  first  elected  to  the  Manitoba 
Legislature  in  1941  and  since  then  has 
served  successively  as  Minister  of  Labour, 
Minister  of  Education  and  Attorney 
General  in  the  provincial  Cabinet.  As 
Manitoba  Minister  of  Labour  he  took  part 
in  the  Federal-Provincial  Labour  Confer- 
ences leading  to  the  drafting  of  the  Indus- 
trial Relations  and  Disputes  Investigation 
Act  which  authorized  the  setting  up  of 
the  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board. 

Mr.  Smith  is  a  native  of  Manitoba  and 
a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Manitoba 
and  Oxford  University.  He  served  over- 
seas in  the  First  World  War  and  received 
his  commission  in  1918.  He  was  called  to 
the  Bar  in  Manitoba  in  1923  and  has 
practised  law  in  Winnipeg  since  1924.  He 
was  appointed  a  lecturer  at  the  Manitoba 
Law  School  in  1925. 

Mr.  Smith  was  appointed  chairman  of  the 
Restrictive  Trade  Practices  Commission  on 
November  1,  1952. 


77966—2 


B.C.  Fishermen9s   Union 
Suspended   by   TLC 

The  Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of 
Canada  has  suspended  the  United  Fisher- 
men and  Allied  Workers'  Union  of  British 
Columbia  until  it  "gives  proof  of  taking 
all  reasonable  and  necessary  measures  to 
rid  itself  of  Communist  leadership  and 
leanings". 

The  TLC's  executive  council's  action  was 
announced  August  21  by  President  Percy  R. 
Bengough.  The  suspension  took  effect 
August  24. 

The  letter  advising  the  4,000-member 
union  of  the  suspensions  was  signed  by 
Mr.  Bengough  and  TLC  Secretary-Treasurer 
Gordon  G.  Cushing.  It  was  addressed  to 
Homer  Stevens,  Secretary-Treasurer  of  the 
fishermen's  union,  who  was  a  Labour- 
Progressive  Party  candidate  in  the  recent 
federal  election. 

An  "accumulation  of  incidents  tending 
to  show  a  very  definite  leaning  towards 
Communism  and  its  front  organizations" 
led  to  the  suspension,  the  letter  stated. 


B.C.  Gillnetters  Merge 
With  Seafarers9   Union 

The  B.C.  Gillnetters'  Association,  which 
broke  away  from  the  United  Fishermen  and 
Allied  Workers'  Union  (see  above)  early 
this  year,  has  merged  with  the  Seafarers' 
International  Union,  the  Vancouver  Prov- 
ince has  reported. 

The  merger  was  announced  jointly  by 
Fred  Rolley,  Secretary  of  the  Association, 
and  Norman  Cunningham,  SIU  business 
agent,  who  said  the  alliance  had  been 
approved  by  British  Columbia  members  of 
the  SIU. 


AFL  Membership  Tops 
Ten  Million  MarU 

Membership  in  the  American  Federation 
of  Labour  has  now  passed  the  ten  million 
mark. 

This  was  revealed  by  the  Federation 
recently  after  its  executive  council  began 
enforcing  an  order  requiring  member 
unions  to  pay  per  capita  tax  on  all  their 
dues-paying  members. 

Previously  membership  had  been  listed 
as  8,089,302.  But  the  tax  order  revealed 
some  2,000,000  more  members  than  had 
been  formerly  declared. 

1257 


To   Investigate   Influence 
Of   Communists  in   Unions 

A  sweeping  investigation  of  Communist 
influence  in  labour  unions  in  the  United 
States  will  be  carried  out  this  fall,  it  was 
announced  recently  by  Senator  John 
Marshall  Butler  of  Maryland. 

Senator  Butler  is  head  of  a  special  task 
force  of  the  Senate  Judiciary  Committee. 
He  and  two  other  senators  were  named 
by  the  Internal  Security  Subcommittee,  a 
panel  of  the  Judiciary  Committee,  to  run 
the  investigation.  Hearings  will  be  held 
in  Washington.  Senator  Butler  will  be 
chairman. 

Top  unions  officials  and  also  rank  and 
file  union  members  "who  have  had  the 
opportunity  to  observe  what  goes  on  in 
Communist-dominated  unions"  will  be 
called  upon  to  give  testimony,  the  Senator 
said. 


AFL  Executive  Council 
Mahes  Decisive   Moves 

In  a  week-long  conference,  the  executive 
council  of  the  American  Federation  of 
Labour,  meeting  in  Chicago  last  month, 
dealt  with  several  major  topics  ranging 
from  a  recommendation  that  the  Interna- 
tional Longshoremen's  Association  be 
suspended  to  increasing  the  number  of  vice- 
presidents  on  the  council.  The  number  of 
vice-presidents  was  increased  following  the 
secession  from  the  Federation  of  the 
United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters. 

The  825,000-member  carpenters  union  left 
the  AFL  in  protest  against  the  proposed 
no-raiding  agreement  with  the  CIO,  charg- 
ing that  the  Federation  appeared  to  be 
more  concerned  with  the  CIO  than  with 
the  jurisdictional  disputes  within  its  own 
ranks. 

All  council  vice-presidents  were  moved 
up  one  step  in  rank  to  replace  First  Vice- 
President  William  L.  Hutcheson,  president 
emeritus  of  the  carpenters.  Dave  Beck, 
President  of  the  International  Brotherhood 
of  Teamsters,  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacant 
13th  vice-presidential  post. 

Two  additional  vice-presidential  seats 
were  created  but  have  yet  to  be  filled. 
Mr.  Beck's  election  puts  two  members  of 
the  teamsters'  union  on  the  executive 
council;  Dan  Tobin,  retired  IBT  president, 
still  holds  his  AFL  post. 

The  council  approved  the  no-raiding 
agreement  with  the  CIO  which  now  requires 
the  approval  of  the  latter  body  and  the 
AFL's  annual  convention.  If  approved,  the 
agreement  will  become  effective  January  1. 


CCCL's   Wood,   Furniture 
Federations   Unite 

At  a  joint  convention  held  at  Quebec 
early  in  August,  the  wrought  wood  and 
furniture  federations,  affiliated  with  the 
Canadian  and  Catholic  Confederation  of 
Labour,  united  under  the  name  of  the 
Federation  of  The  Wrought  Wood  Workers 
of  Canada. 

Before  this  amalgamation  the  National 
Catholic  Federation  of  The  Wrought 
Wood  Industry  of  Canada  had  16  locals 
in  Quebec  province  and  a  membership  of 
3,577.  The  National  Furniture  Federation 
had  seven  locals  and  some  800  members. 
The  amalgamation,  which  had  been  under 
consideration  for  a  number  of  years — it  was 
their  second  joint  convention — reduces  the 
number  of  federations  in  the  CCCL  from 
17  to  16. 

This  amalgamation  was  carried  out, 
according  to  a  spokesman,  with  a  view  to 
reinforcing  the  ranks  of  the  existing  organ- 
izations and  ensuring  the  workers  of  these 
two  important  sectors  of  Canadian  industry 
of  better  protection  for  their  rights  and 
more  effective  defence  for  their  working 
conditions. 

F.  X.  Legare,  Vice-President  of  the 
CCCL  and  formerly  Secretary  of  the 
Wrought  Wood  Federation,  was  elected 
President  of  the  new  Federation.  The 
other  officers  chosen  are  as  follows:  1st 
Vice-president,  Normand  Dube;  2nd  Vice- 
president,  Ovide  Fauteux;  Secretary,  G. 
Aurele  Pelletier;  Treasurer,  Leo-Paul  Huot. 


Unemployment  Declines 
In  Both   U.S.   and   U.K. 

Employment  in  the  United  States 
reached  a  record  high  level  in  August  and 
unemployment  sank  to  a  post-war  low. 
Persons  with  jobs  numbered  63,408,000,  the 
Commerce  Department  reported,  while  the 
number  of  unemployed  dropped  to  1,240,000, 
a  drop  of  308,000  from  the  previous  month. 

Earlier  the  Department  of  Labour 
announced  that  total  civilian  emplo}rment 
during  1952  averaged  61-3  million.  The 
total  labour  force  reached  a  post-war  high 
average  of  66-4  million,  about  600,000 
higher  than  in  1951. 

Unemployment  is  also  on  the  decline  in 
the  United  Kingdom.  The  Ministry  of 
Labour  reported  that  at  mid-July  unem- 
ployment stood  at  272,000,  a  drop  of  25,100 
from  the  previous  month. 

United  States  unemployment  in  August 
was  at  a  level  that  Commerce  Department 
officials  considered  close  to  a  minimum. 


1258 


Machinists.   Rubber   Union 
Sign  No-Raiding   Pact 

Two  major  unions,  one  in  the  American 
Federation  of  Labour  and  the  other  in  the 
Congress  of  Industrial  Organizations, 
recently  concluded  a  "no-raiding"  agree- 
ment in  which  each  has  promised  to  respect 
areas  already  organized  by  the  other.  The 
two  unions,  the  United  Rubber  Workers 
(CIO)  and  the  International  Association  of 
Machinists  (AFL)  signed  an  agreement 
similar  to  the  one  worked  out  between 
the  Machinists  and  the  United  Auto 
Workers  (L.G.,  July,  p.  989). 

Under  the  agreement,  the  unions  have 
pledged  that  neither  will  seek  to  disrupt  a 
bargaining  relationship  already  held  by  the 
other  by  attempting  to  persuade  workers 
to  change  their  affiliation.  In  addition, 
the  unions  have  agreed  to  follow  an 
employer  who  may  move  his  plant  to 
another  location  in  order  to  end  union 
organization  among  his  employees. 

L.  S.  Buckmaster,  President  of  the  rubber 
workers,  and  A.  J.  Hayes,  head  of  the 
machinists,  announced  that  the  agreement 
established  "common  sense  rules  and 
orderly  procedures  which  should  work  to 
the  benefit  of  both  memberships".  The 
pact  further  provides  for  joint  negotia- 
tions with  employers  "whenever  such  a 
course  promises  to  bring  the  best  possible 
results  for  the  memberships  of  both 
organizations". 


Immigration  Declines 
In  First  Half   of   1953 

Immigration  to  Canada  during  the  first 
six  months  of  1953  was  19,721,  under  the 
total  for  the  first  six  months  of  1952, 
according  to  figures  released  by  the  Depart- 
ment of  Citizenship  and  Immigration. 
During  the  first  half  of  last  year,  98,057 
immigrants  entered  Canada  while  78,336 
entered  during  the  first  six  months  of  1953. 

During  June,  however,  18,376  arrived  com- 
pared with  15,969  in  June  of  1952. 

Immigrants  from  the  British  Isles  num- 
bered 24,022  for  the  first  six  months  of 
1953,  a  slight  increase  over  the  23,001  who 
arrived  during  the  corresponding  period  in 
1952.  Similarly,  the  June  1953  total  of 
British  Isle  immigrants  was  higher  than  the 
June  1952  figure— 5,277  compared  to  4,336. 

Northern  European  immigrants  again 
contributed  heavily  to  the  1952  figures, 
32,756  arriving  during  the  first  half  of  the 
year  compared  with  38,478  who  arrived  in 


the  first  half  of  1952.  This  marks  a  decline 
of  15  per  cent  in  the  number  of  immigrants 
coming  from  this  area.-  The  largest  num- 
bers came  from  Holland  (12,018)  and  from 
Germany  (14,411).  During  June  of  the 
present  year,  8,362  persons  arrived  from 
Northern  Europe,  compared  with  7,176  who 
arrived  in  June  of  1952. 

United  States  immigrants  to  Canada 
increased  from  3,931  in  the  first  half  of 
1952  to  4,337  for  the  corresponding  period 
in  1953.  However,  in  June  of  the  present 
year,  only  381  arrivals  from  the  U.S.A. 
were  noted  compared  with  925  in  June  of 
1952,  a  decline  of  59  per  cent. 


Our  Resources   Useless 
Without   Skilled   Workers 

W.  H.  Clark,  Vice-president  (Industrial 
Relations)  of  the  Ford  Motor  Company  of 
Canada,  has  posed  the  question  whether 
Canada  could  realize  the  full  advantages  of 
her  tremendous  economic  expansion  unless 
a  greater  emphasis  were  placed  by  Cana- 
dian industry  on  the  training  of  more 
skilled  workers.  He  was  speaking  on  the 
Department  of  Labour's  radio  program 
"Canada  at  Work",  carried  by  69  inde- 
pendent Canadian  radio  stations  from  coast 
to  coast. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  Canadian 
industry  needs  at  least  20,000  more  appren- 
tices right  now  and  that  there  are  actually 
900  fewer  Canadian  apprentices  today  than 
there  were  in  1948. 

Mr.  Clark  said  that  Canada's  develop- 
ment promised  to  surpass  that  enjoyed  by 
any  other  country  and  that  her  population 
was  expected  to  increase  by  about  9,000,000 
in  the  next  25  years.  It  was  reasonable 
to  expect,  he  said,  that  industry  would 
expand  at  a  corresponding  rate  and  that 
the  result  of  this  would  be  the  creation  of 
30,000  new  jobs  each  year  in  Canadian 
manufacturing  industries  alone,,  This,  of 
course,  was  in  addition  to  the  constant 
flow  of  replacements  needed  in  industry  to 
take  the  places  of  those  who  retired  or 
left  the  labour  force  for  other  reasons. 

In  the  following  talk  on  the  Depart- 
ment's weekly  program,  Joseph  M.  Pigott, 
President  of  the  Pigott  Construction  Com- 
pany, Hamilton,  Ont.,  and  a  leading  pioneer 
in  the  Canadian  apprenticeship  field,  urged 
employers  to  accept  the  responsibility  for 
the  supply  of  trained  workers.  Many 
emplo3^ers  are  apathetic,  he  said. 


77966— 2J 


1259 


1953  Housing  Upswing 
Continued  in  June 

The  1953  upswing  in  new  residential 
construction  in  Canada  continued  in  June 
and  prospects  for  its  continuance  during 
the  second  half  of  the  year  appear  good, 
the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics  has 
reported. 

The  number  of  new  dwelling  units  begun 
and  completed  in  the  first  six  months  this 
year  is  substantially  higher  than  the  1952 
total. 

Housing  starts  during  the  six-month 
period  numbered  46,746,  a  gain  of  11,455 
units  over  the  35,291  units  begun  during 
the  first  half  of  1952.  This  is  almost  a 
33-per-cent  increase. 

Completions  registered  a  39-per-cent  gain, 
numbering  39,491,  a  figure  exceeding  by 
11,151  last  year's  January-to-June  total  of 
28,340. 

New  dwelling  units  under  construction  at 
the  end  of  June  totalled  62,791,  a  number 
8,506,  or  nearly  17  per  cent,  higher  than 
the  50,285  under  construction  at  the  same 
date  last  year. 

June  starts  were  slightly  higher  than  a 
year  earlier,  11,308  against  11,095.  June 
completions  were  up  sharply  at  6,675 
against  4,081  in  June  1952. 

The  average  time  under  construction  of 
dwellings  completed  in  June  dropped  to  7-4 
months  from  7-8  months  in  June  last  year. 


units  were  begun,  slightly  more  than  the 
668,400  units  for  the  comparable  months 
last  year. 


I  .fi.   Housing   in   1st   Half 
Increases  25  Per  Cent 

Since  the  Second  World  War,  Britain  has 
built  nearly  three  times  as  many  houses  as 
were  destroyed  or  made  unfit  for  occupancy 
by  enemy  action,  the  Ministry  of  Housing 
has  reported. 

The  completion  of  145,000  houses  in  the 
first  six  months  of  1953  brought  the  post- 
war total  to  1,401,000.  Another  314,000 
were  under  construction  on  June  30.  Hous- 
ing figures  are  nearly  25  per  cent  higher 
than  last  year. 


U.S.  Housing  Starts 
Begin  to  Decline 

In  the  United  States,  housing  starts  in 
July  were  7  per  cent  fewer  than  in  June. 
According  to  preliminary  estimates  of  the 
U.S.  Labor  Department's  Bureau  of  Labor 
Statistics,  the  month's  starts  numbered 
96,000  compared  with  June's  103,000. 

During  the  first  seven  months  this  year, 
674,500  new  permanent  non-farm   dwelling 


Municipalities   Blamed 
For  Housing  Shortage 

Blame  for  Ontario's  unrelieved  housing 
shortage  has  been  laid  to  the  province's 
municipalities  by  A.  E.  K.  Bunnell, 
Director  of  the  Housing  Branch  of  the 
Ontario  Department  of  Planning  and 
Development. 

Mr.  Bunnell  told  the  urban  elected  rep- 
resentatives section  of  the  Ontario  Munic- 
ipal Association  recently  that  municipalities 
have  made  a  poor  response  to  these 
offers: — 

The  federal-provincial  offer  in  1950  to 
acquire  raw  land,  subdivide  it,  service  it, 
then  make  it  available  to  builders  or 
municipalities. 

The  Ontario  government  offer  in  1951  to 
build  5,000  rental  units,  to  be  financed  on 
a  full-recovery  basis  by  a  federal-provincial 
partnership,  or  on  a  subsidized  basis  by  a 
federal-provincial-municipal  partnership. 

The  further  provincial  offer  to  increase 
the  number  of  these  units  to  25,000  when 
the  first  5,000  were  completed  and  if 
demand  persisted. 

Mr.  Bunnell  said  that  with  regard  to  the 
first  offer,  only  10,000  lots  have  been  pro- 
vided. He  admitted,  however,  that  little 
or  no  land  is  available  in  big  cities  where 
the  problem  is  most  urgent. 

"With  regard  to  rental  housing,"  said  Mr. 
Bunnell,  "there  is  land  available  which  can 
be  readily  serviced.  Yet  the  score  to  date 
(August  25)  is  only  1,662  units  completed, 
375  pending,  or  a  total  of  only  a  little  over 
2,000  units.  The  Department  and  the 
Central  Mortgage  and  Housing  Corporation 
feel  that  this  is  a  good  deal  which  is  being 
offered  the  municipalities.  But  the 
response  shows  a  pretty  poor  record  for  this 
big  province." 

Factors  aggravating  the  shortage  of 
housing  were  listed  by  Mr.  Bunnell  as: 
lack  of  serviced  or  readily-serviced  land; 
intervals  when  there  has  been  a  lack  of 
mortgage  money,  one  of  which  exists  now; 
and  the  impatience  of  young  people  to 
save  the  necessary  down  payment. 

Few  annexations  have  overcome  the  lack 
of  serviced  land,  said  Mr.  Bunnell.  In 
most  cases  existing  municipal  sewer  and 
water  facilities  have  needed  overhauling 
even  without  expansion.  Furthermore, 
because  the  growth  in  fringe  areas  has  been 


1260 


largely  devoid  of  industrial  assessment,  the 
burden  of  financing  new  services  has  fallen 
on  the  resident  population. 

In  the  past  eight  years,  200,000  new 
housing  units  have  been  built  in  Ontario. 
But  this  was  only  one  unit  per  four  new 
people  and  did  not  even  dent  the  housing 
shortage  backlog,  said   Mr.  Bunnell. 


r.S.   Bans  Discrimination 
In  Federal  Contracts 

In  an  executive  order  of  August  13, 
President  Eisenhower  established  a  15- 
member  Government  Contracts  Committee 
to  prevent  discrimination  in  employment 
by  companies  holding  federal  government 
contracts.  Under  the  new  committee, 
which  replaces  the  Committee  on  Govern- 
ment Contract  Compliance  set  up  by 
President  Truman,  recommendations  will  be 
made  to  contracting  agencies  for  improving 
and  making  more  effective  the  non-discrim- 
ination provisions  of  government  contracts, 
complaints  of  discrimination  will  be 
received  and  referred  back  to  the  govern- 
ment agency  responsible  for  taking  action 
and  educational  programs  by  non-govern- 
mental bodies  in  co-operation  with  state 
and  local  governments  will  be  encouraged 
to  reduce  "the  basic  causes  of  discrim- 
ination". 

The  Canadian  government  took  similar 
measures  to  prevent  discrimination  by 
holders  of  federal  contracts  on  September 
24,  1952,  when  it  was  provided  that  anti- 
discrimination clauses  be  inserted  in  all 
contracts  entered  into  on  or  after  January 
1,  1953  (L.G.,  Oct.  1952,  p.  1318). 


Apprenticeship  Director 
Named  in  Saskatchewan 

Frank  H.  Ellis,  a  former  president  of 
the  Regina  local  of  the  Machinists  union, 
has  been  appointed  Director  of  the 
Apprenticeship  Branch  of  the  Saskatchewan 
Department  of  Labour.  He  succeeds 
J.  Stanley  Dornan. 

Mr.  Ellis  had  worked  as  an  inspector 
in  the  apprenticeship  branch  and  had  also 
instructed  at  the  Canadian  Vocational 
Training  School  in  Regina  and  at  the 
Technical  School  in  Swift  Current. 


Two  Canadian  Experts 
Complete  ILO  Duties 

Following  the  completion  of  their  ser- 
vices as  members  of  the  United  Nations 
and  Specialized  Agencies  Expanded  Tech- 
nical   Assistance    Program,    two    Canadian 


members  selected  by  the  International 
Labour  Organization  have  returned  to 
Canada.  They  are  Sheldon  Ross  and 
John  Inglis. 

Mr.  Ross,  formerly  one  of  the  editors 
of  the  Department  of  Labour's  industrial 
classification  manual  and  an  associate 
director  of  the  National  Selective  Service 
during  the  war,  had  assisted  the  Burmese 
government  in  making  a  manpower  survey 
in  industry  and  agriculture  for  the  purpose 
of  making  occupational  adjustments  in 
connection  with  the  economic  development 
plans  of  the  country.  Mr.  Ross  is  at 
present  with  the  Department  of  Resources 
and  Development. 

Mr.  Inglis,  once  night  school  principal  at 
the  Vocational  Institute  in  Vancouver,  has 
returned  from  Greece  where  he  assisted  in 
organizing  practical  training  courses  and 
programs  in  vocational  schools.  Mr.  Inglis 
was  formerly  regional  director  of  voca- 
tional training  in  British  Columbia. 


Fewer  Canadians  Receive 
Blind  Persons  Allowances 

The  number  of  blind  persons  in  Canada 
receiving  allowances  under  The  Blind 
Persons  Act  decreased  from  8,332  at 
March  31,  1953,  to  8,283  at  the  end  of  the 
second  quarter,  June  30,  1953. 

The  federal  Government's  contributions 
under  the  federal-provincial  scheme  totalled 
$732,698.22  for  the  quarter  ended  June  30, 
1953,  compared  with  $741,821.15  in  the 
preceding  quarter.  Since  the  inception  of 
the  Act,  the  federal  Government  has  con- 
tributed $4,439,364.46. 

During  the  quarter,  107  persons  receiving 
blind  allowances  were  transferred  to  the 
administration  of  The  Old  Age  Security 
Act,  compared  with  105  in  the  preceding 
quarter.  Since  the  inception  of  the  Act, 
647  recipients  have  been  transferred. 

At  June  30,  1953,  the  average  monthly 
allowance  in  the  provinces  ranged  from 
$37.66  to  $39.54.  In  all  provinces  the 
maximum  allowance  paid  was  $40  a  month. 


Most   1953  Graduates 

Have  Found  Work 

Of  more  than  12,000  students  who  grad- 
uated from  Canadian  universities  this  year, 
only  254,  about  2  per  cent,  were  still 
registered  at  the  National  Employment 
Service  offices  at  the  end  of  July  as  looking 
for  work.  A  fair  percentage  of  these  254 
graduates  were  actually  working  but  were 
still  registered  with  NES  because  they  were 
seeking  more  suitable  jobs. 


1261 


Practically  all  of  the  university  under- 
graduates, nearly  42,000,  found  summer 
employment  of  one  kind  or  another  this 
year. 


More   Canadians   Receive 
Old  Age  Assistance 

The  number  of  persons  receiving  old  age 
assistance  in  Canada  increased  from  87,675 
at  March  31,  1953,  to  89,706  at  the  end  of 
the  second  quarter,  June  30,  1953. 

The  federal  Government's  contributions 
under  the  federal-provincial  scheme  totalled 
$4,991,000.61  for  the  quarter  ended  June  30, 
1953,  compared  with  $4,903,990.47  in  the 
preceding  quarter.  Since  the  inception  of 
the  Act,  the  federal  Government  has  con- 
tributed $26,397,076.47. 

During  the  quarter,  4,559  persons  receiv- 
ing old  age  assistance  were  transferred  to 
the  administration  of  The  Old  Age  Security 
Act  as  compared  with  4,116  in  the  preceding 
quarter.  Since  the  inception  of  the  Act, 
18,347  recipients  have  been  transferred. 

At  June  30,  1953,  the  average  monthly 
assistance  in  the  provinces  paying  a 
maximum  of  $40  a  month  ranged  from 
$33.53  to  $37.88,  except  for  one  province 
where  the  average  was  $24.92.  In  New- 
foundland, which  pays  a  maximum  of  $30 
a  month,  the  average  was  $29.18. 


700,000   Now  Receive 
Old  Age  Security 

The  number  of  persons  receiving  old  age 
security  payments  in  Canada  passed  the 
700,000  mark  in  July,  statistics  released  by 
the  federal  welfare  department  reveal. 

This  figure  is  an  increase  of  almost  84,000 
since  the  first  payments  of  $40  per  month 
without  regard  to  income  Were  made  to 
persons  70  years  and  over  in  January  1952. 
Payments,  made  entirely  from  federal 
funds,  now  total  more  than  $28,000,000  per 
month. 

More  than  5,000  persons  sent  in  applica- 
tions and  were  paid  for  the  first  time  in 
July,  federal  welfare  officials  stated.  About 
900  of  these  could  have  been  paid  earlier 
if  the}'  had  applied  in  time. 


If  age   Guarantees  Create 
Problems;  No  Answer  Yet 

A  study  of  the  relationship  between  annual 
wage  guarantees  and  regulations  governing 
the  payment  of  state  unemployment  com- 
pensation has  resulted  in  no  proposals  for 


co-ordinating  the  two  but  calls  attention  to 
three  major  policy  decisions  that  will  ulti- 
mately have  to  be  made. 

The  study  was  made  by  a  committee  of 
the  United  States  Interstate  Conference  of 
Employment  Security  Agencies. 

Co-ordination  of  annual  wage  plans  and 
unemployment  compensation  will  have  to 
await  further  study  in  view  of  the  wide 
variation  in  annual  wage  provisions  and 
their  possible  future  growth  and  impor- 
tance, the  committee  said. 

The  committee  did  find  that,  where 
annual  wage  plans  have  been  reviewed  by 
state  security  agencies,  guarantee  payments 
"have  been  universally  regarded  as  wages 
and  therefore  constitute  a  bar  to  the  receipt 
of  unemployment  benefits". 

The  policy  decisions  that  will  have  to  be 
made  if  and  when  guaranteed  wage  plans 
become  more  common,  the  committee 
pointed  out,  are: — 

1.  What  to  do  about  the  unemployment 
compensation  principle  that  the  claimant 
must  be  out  of  work  and  suffer  a  loss  of 
wages  to  receive  unemployment  benefits. 

2.  What  to  do  about  the  requirement 
that  the  claimant  must  be  available  for 
other  work  if,  under  an  annual  wage  plan, 
he  is  considered  to  be  attached  to  his 
previous  job  for  the  duration  of  the  wage 
payments. 

3.  What  to  do  about  possible  conflicts  in 
the  definition  of  "suitable"  work  under 
annual  wage  plans  and  unemployment  com- 
pensation eligibility  requirements. 

The  committee  suggested  that  payment 
of  wage  guarantees  in  a  lump  sum  at  the 
end  of  the  guarantee  period  might  dissolve 
some  of  these  problems. 


Encourage  Youth  to 
Finish  School — Durhin 

At  the  beginning  of  another  school  term, 
the  United  States  Secretary  of  Labour, 
Martin  P.  Durkin,  urged  parents  of  teen- 
aged  youth  to  encourage  their  children  to 
return  to  classes. 

"Last  year  one-third  of  America's  16- 
and  17-year-olds — 20  per  cent  more  than  in 
1951 — failed  to  return  to  school  after  taking 
summer  jobs,"  he  said.  "From  1944  until 
last  fall,  there  had  been  a  steady  decline 
in  the  number  of  boys  and  girls  who  stayed 
out  of  school  for  work. 

"I  hope  fathers  and  mothers  will  prevent 
a  repetition  of  last  year's  increase  in  school 
stay-outs,  for  this  is  a  serious  problem. 
Young  people  are  lured  by  plentiful  jobs 
at  good  pay  and  fail  to  realize  that  by  not 
finishing  their  education  now  they  jeop- 
ardize   future    earnings    and    advancement. 


1262 


Moreover,  our  country  needs  trained  people 
and  informed  citizens  in  our  efforts  to  build 
a  free  and  peaceful  world. 

"Every  year  of  schooling  increases  adult 
income/'  he  added. 


Newfoundland  Federation 
Holds   17  th  Convention 

Resolutions  dealing  with  social  security 
and  an  alternative  industry  for  Bishop's 
Falls  were  passed  at  the  17th  annual  con- 
vention of  the  Newfoundland  Federation  of 
Labour  (TLC)  in  Grand  Falls  July  20 
to  24. 

The  75  delegates  gave  support  to  a  reso- 
lution recommending  that  a  national  health 
plan  be  established.  Other  social  security 
benefits  requested  were  increases  in  old  age 
pensions,  widows'  and  mothers'  allowances 
and  assistance  to  the  blind. 

Noting  that  the  Anglo-Newfoundland 
Development  Company  had  decided  to  dis- 
continue operation  of  its  pulp  and  paper 
mill  at  Bishop's  Falls  where  about  160 
workers  were  employed,  the  Federation 
adopted  a  resolution  requesting  the  pro- 
vincial Government  to  investigate  the 
possibility  of  another  industry  for  the  area. 

A  resolution  was  passed  urging  that  steps 
be  taken  to  encourage  all  trade  union 
members  in  Newfoundland  to  join  co- 
operative credit  societies  as  a  means  of 
bettering  their  standard  of  living. 

The  Federation  requested  that  all  pro- 
vincial Government  employees  be  covered 
by  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act. 

With  regard  to  provincial  legislation  for 
the  coming  year,  resolutions  were  adopted 
requesting  a  Fair  Employment  Practices 
x4ct  and  an  act  enforcing  fair  remunera- 
tion for  female  workers.  The  Federation 
also  demanded  that  safety  and  health 
inspectors  be  appointed  under  the  Work- 
men's Compensation  Act. 

The  delegates  requested  that  the  Federa- 
tion's Committee  on  Constitution  and  Law 
consider  an  amendment  setting  up  a  per- 
manent fund  to  assist  member  unions  with 
the  cost  of  litigation. 

In  an  address  to  the  convention,  George 
Schollie,  Canadian  Vice-President  of  the 
International  Association  of  Machinists, 
reviewed  labour  legislation  in  Canada  over 
the  past  50  years.  He  urged  the  delegates 
to  double  their  efforts  to  obtain  an  Indus- 
trial Standards  Act  in  Newfoundland. 

Mr.  Schollie  congratulated  the  Federa- 
tion for  its  success  in  having  an  Appren- 
ticeship Act  included  in  the  statutes  of  the 
province,  and  he  urged  that  trades  councils 
set  up  standing  committees  to  review  the 
Workmen's  Compensation  Act  in  order  to 


ensure  maximum  protection  for  workers 
against  injuries  and  industrial  diseases. 

The  provincial  Government  was  repre- 
sented at  the  convention  by  Premier  Small- 
wood,  Hon.  C.  H.  Ballam,  Minister  of 
Labour,  and  Hon.  E.  S.  Spencer,  Minister 
of  Public  Works. 

C.  W.  Strong  of  St.  John's  was  elected 
president  by  acclamation,  succeeding  Frank 
Chafe,  who  retired  from  office  because  of 
his  increased  work  as  TLC  organizer  in  the 
province.  Vice-presidents  elected  were: 
Norman  Munn,  John  Cramm,  Arthur  Kelly. 
Philip  Oliver  and  J.  J.  Thompson.  Others 
elected  were  Llewellyn  Jones,  Treasurer, 
and  Joseph  Shapter,  Secretary. 


Public  Employees  Study 
Compulsory   Arbitration 

The  advisability  of  trading  the  right  to 
strike  for  compulsory  arbitration  will  be 
investigated  by  the  National  Federation  of 
Public  Employees. 

The  federation,  organized  last  year  at  a 
meeting  in  Winnipeg  (L.G.,  Sept.  1952, 
p.  1167),  is  affiliated  with  the  Trades  and 
Labour  Congress  of  Canada  and  comprises 
102  local  unions  representing  about  16,800 
employees  of  municipal  governments  and 
public  utilities.  Almost  half  the  current 
membership  is  from  Ontario. 

At  the  federation's  second  convention  in 
Ottawa  last  month,  46  delegates  decided  to 
set  up  a  special  committee  to  study  "the 
possibility  of  obtaining  legislation  that 
would  place  civic  and  public  employees  in 
the  same  category  as  policemen  and  fire- 
men for  collective  bargaining  purposes". 
In  Ontario,  policemen  and  firemen  have 
not  the  right  to  strike  but,  under  provincial 
law,  have  the  protection  of  compulsory 
arbitration. 

Garnet  Shier  of  Toronto,  President  of 
the  Federation,  said  that  "we  think  a  strike 
is  not  advisable  in  the  public  service  and 
is  neither  in  the  best  interests  of  employees 
or  their  employers".  The  delegates  agreed, 
however,  that  a  form  of  protection  similar 
to  compulsory  arbitration  must  be  provided 
to  replace  the  strike  weapon. 

The  convention  expressed  dissatisfaction 
with  existing  labour  legislation  as  it  affects 
public  employees,  and  decided  to  press 
for  an  amendment  to  the  British  North 
America  Act  to  bring  civic  and  public 
employees  under  federal  legislation.  The 
special  committee  will  present  a  model  code 
to  the  federal  government  outlining  what 
it  desires  under  a  national  code. 

At  the  TLC  convention  the  following 
week,  Vice-President  William  Jenoves  said 
the  Congress  was  not  responsible  for  state- 


1263 


ments  made  at  the  public  employees'  con- 
vention. He  said  compulsory  arbitration 
was  not  TLC  policy.  But  Mr.  Shier,  who 
also  attended  the  TLC  convention,  said 
some  of  the  delegates  had  misunderstood 
what  had  appeared  in  the  press.  The  civic 
organizations  were  only  studying  the  ques- 
tion, he  said. 


Convention  Approves 
ITU's  Publishing  Set-Up 

Unitypo,  Inc.,  the  $4-million  corporation 
set  up  by  the  International  Typographical 
Union  (AFL-TLC)  to  compete  with  pub- 
lishers in  cities  where  printers  are  on  strike, 
will  remain  in  existence. 

A  large  majority  of  the  400  delegates  to 
the  union's  95th  convention  in  Detroit, 
August  17-21,  voiced  approval  of  the 
Unitypo  policy,  thereby  backing  up  Presi- 
dent Woodruff  Randolph  and  his  admin- 
istration. Opposition  delegates  charged  that 
the  policy  was  wasteful  and  ineffective  but 
were  voted  down  3  to  1. 

The  union-financed  corporation  publishes 
daily  newspapers  with  a  combined  circula- 
tion of  about  200,000  in  ten  cities  in  the 
United  States  and  in  Hamilton,  Ont.,  where 
the  local  union  has  been  on  strike  for  more 
than  seven  years. 

Altogether  the  union  has  spent  $4,200,000 
in  setting  up  newspaper  plants  where 
printers  are  on  strike.  Despite  the  opposi- 
tion group,  the  report  of  the  convention's 
defence  committee  urged  and  won  support 
for  continuance,  and  if  necessary  enlarge- 
ment, of  the  program. 

A  bid  for  a  Canadian  vice-president  on 
the  ITU  executive  was  defeated.  A  resolu- 
tion submitted  by  a  Toronto  local  requested 
an  amendment  to  the  union's  by-laws  that 
would  have  added  a  fourth  vice-president, 
a  Canadian,  to  the  executive.  The  com- 
mittee on  laws  recommended  rejection, 
explaining  it  felt  the  present  five  elected 
officers  were  enough. 


CCCL  Textile  Group 
Asks  Royal  Commission 

The  National  Catholic  Textile  Federa- 
tion, affiliated  with  the  CCCL,  has  sent  a 
message  to  the  Prime  Minister  asking  him 
to  institute  a  royal  inquiry  in  order  to 
clear  up  the  situation  in  the  Canadian 
textile  industry. 

Rene  Gosselin,  President  of  the  Federa- 
tion, specified  that  a  royal  inquiry  should 
examine  the  problem  of  tariffs  and  the 
employers'  request  for  an  increase  in  tariff 
protection     against     textile     imports     and 


should  study  the  need  for  such  tariff 
protection  and  its  effect  on  the  Canadian 
economy. 

At  the  Federation's  annual  convention, 
held  in  July,  Mr.  Gosselin  stressed  the  need 
for  a  Government  investigation  to  be 
held  without  delay,  for  the  purpose  of 
clearing  up  the  whole  textile  industry 
situation.  "We  want  to  know,"  he  said 
"whether  the  employers  are  right  in  com- 
plaining of  foreign  competition,  and  we 
want  to  know  what  the  Government  intends 
to   do   towards  settling   this   problem." 

The  text  of  Mr.  Gosselin's  message  to 
the  Prime  Minister  reads  as  follows: — 

"On  behalf  of  the  textile  workers  we  ask 
you  to  institute  royal  inquiry  to  examine 
problem  of  tariffs  and  employers'  request 
for  increased  tariff  protection  against 
foreign  textile  products.  The  Inquiry 
Commission  should  both  study  the  need 
for  this  tariff  protection  for  the  Canadian 
textile  industry  and  its  effects  on  the 
country's  economy." 


Revised  Reprint  of  July 
Article  Now  Available 

The  table  that  accompanied  the  article 
"Wage  Rates  for  Male  Labourers  in  Manu- 
facturing" in  the  July  issue  of  the  Labour 
Gazette  has  undergone  some  changes 
because  of  later  tabulations.  The  revised 
table  is  included  in  a  reprint  of  the  article 
now  available  from  the  Economics  and 
Research   Branch,   Department   of   Labour. 

The  changes  in  the  table  will  also  appear 
in  the  Department's  annual  report  Wage 
Rates  and  Hours  of  Labour  in  Canada, 
1952,  to  be  published  shortly. 

The  table  that  accompanied  the  article 
was  based  on  preliminary  tabulations 
obtained  in  the  annual  survey  of  wages 
and  salaries  conducted  by  the  Department. 


Make   1952   Report  for 
Human  Rights  Yearbook 

Canada's  1952  report  for  the  Human 
Rights  Yearbook  on  legislative  changes 
affecting  the  rights  set  out  in  the  Universal 
Declaration  has  been  prepared  by  the 
Department  of  Labour  and  transmitted  to 
the  Human  Rights  Division  of  United 
Nations.  Copies  are  available  on  request 
from  the  Legislation  Branch,  Department 
of  Labour,  Ottawa. 

According  to  the  report,  no  single  step 
was  taken  by  Parliament  or  any  provincial 
Legislature  in  1952  which  could  be  called 
an      important      development      respecting 


1264 


human  rights.  Changes  in  a  number  of 
laws  having  a  bearing  on  human  rights 
are  noted. 

The  series  of  Human  Rights  Yearbook 
published  by  the  United  Nations  was  begun 
in  1946.  The  first  yearbook  contains  the 
texts  of  all  bills  of  rights  and  other  con- 
stitutional provisions  in  effect  in  that  year 
in  73  countries;  each  succeeding  volume 
records  the  changes  made  each  year. 


Million  British  Women 
Sign  Equal  Pay  Petition 

Nearly  one  million  British  women  have 
signed  a  petition  demanding  equal  pay  for 
equal  work  for  the  United  Kingdom's  seven 
million  women  workers,  according  to  British 
press  reports. 

Two  weeks  after  this  announcement,  the 
Associated  Country  Women  of  the  World, 
meeting  in  triennal  convention  in  Toronto, 
rejected  a  British-sponsored  resolution 
urging  ACWW  support  for  the  principle  of 
equal  pay  for  equal  work. 

Circulation  of  the  petition  was  begun  last 
April  by  the  Fawcett  Society,  a  women's 
employment  research  organization.  Can- 
vassers from  all  occupations,  including  the 
professions,  the  civil  service  and  trade 
unions,  collected  signatures  in  England, 
Scotland  and  Wales. 

While  admitting  that  the  petition  is  not 
an  effective  political  weapon,  Mrs.  Gertrude 
Horton,  Society  Chairman,  explained  that 
it  will  serve  to  direct  government  notice 
to  a  problem  that  has  occupied  the 
Society's  attention,  on  and  off,  for  more 
than  30  years. 

The  justice  of  the  claim  has  been 
acknowledged  by  all  British  political  parties 
and  Parliament  has  on  four  occasions — in 
1920,  1936,  1944  and  1952— declared  itself 
in  favour  of  the  principle;  but  it  still 
remains  to  be  put  into  effect. 

The  motion  put  before  the  ACWW  said 
the  organization  should  work  for  "economic 
equality  for  women  to  complete  their 
citizenship".  It  was  defeated  on  the 
grounds  that  the  ACWW  is  not  prepared 
at  present  to  explore  the  infinite  implica- 
tions of  the  suggestion. 

"As  we  specially  represent  rural  women," 
explained  Mrs.  Raymond  Sayre,  retiring 
President,  "the  implications  would  be  far- 
reaching,  particularly  in  relation  to  life 
on  the  land." 


quate  and  suitable  vocational  training  in 
order  to  be  happy  in  some  work  which  is 
fitted  to  their  nature  and  to  their  physical 
and  intellectual  aptitudes,"  states  Roger 
Chartier,1  MSS,  in  charge  of  labour  rela- 
tions classes  at  the  Laval  Centre  for  Adult 
Education. 

Mr.  Chartier2  studies  three  ways  by 
which  it  is  possible  to  determine  whether 
there  is  equal  pay  or  not:  through  a  study 
of  the  comparable  output  of  men  and 
women,  through  a  study  of  the  relative 
value  of  women's  work  with  regard  to  the 
cost  of  production,  and  through  objective 
and  scientific  job  analysis. 

The  author,  who  is  in  favour  of  the 
application  of  the  principle  "equal  pay  for 
equal  work",  takes  his  stand  on  moral  and 
economic  grounds.  "The  application  of  this 
principle,"  he  states,  "will  eliminate,  in  the 
determination  of  wage  rates,  all  consider- 
ations of  the  sex  of  the  worker  that  have 
no  bearing  on  output  or  on  the  nature  or 
the  value  of  the  work  itself.  Through 
such  objectiveness,  a  better  job  analysis 
will  be  possible  and  all  workers,  both  men 
and  women,  will  be  assured  of  fair  treat- 
ment." 

From  an  economic  standpoint,  with 
respect  to  women  workers,  Mr.  Chartier 
uses  an  argument  brought  up  by  the 
Christian  syndicates  of  Europe:  "If  there 
is  not  equal  pay  for  equal  work,  a  lack 
of  balance  will  inevitably  follow;  part  of 
the  cost  price  will  be  incorporated  either 
in  an  unduly  high  profit  or  in  an  unduly 
low  selling  price." 

With  respect  to  men,  Mr.  Chartier  is  of 
the  opinion  that  this  will  gradually  bring 
to  an  end  the  competition  between  male 
workers  and  female  workers  on  the  labour 
market. 

Mr.  Chartier  brings  forward  the  argument 
related  to  purchasing  power.  "The  appli- 
cation of  the  principle,"  he  states,  "will 
assuredly  bring,  for  the  great  majority  of 
the  workers,  an  increase  in  purchasing 
power,  a  greater  demand  for  consumer 
goods,  an  increase  in  production,  more 
work  and  consequently  a  higher  standard 
of  living." 

Finally,  Mr.  Chartier  believes  that  equal 
pay  for  equal  work  will  bring  about  a  more 
rational  distribution  of  labour  within  the 
establishments. 


Presents  Arguments  for 
Equal  Pay  for  Women 

"Women  should  be  given  equal  pay  for 
equal   work;    furthermore    they   need    ade- 


]  Roger  Chartier,  La  remuneration  du  travail 
feminin,  Relations  industrielles,  Vol.  8,  No.  3, 
Les  presses  universitaires  Laval,  Quebec. 

2Mr.  Chartier  is  the  author  of  an  inter- 
esting study,  Problemes  du  travail  feminin, 
Laval  Centre  for  Adult  Education,  1952.     $1. 


77966—3 


1265 


Widow   of   Sam   Gompers 
Dies  in  New   York 

Mrs.  Gertrude  Gompers,  widow  of  Samuel 
Gompers,  founder  and  for  many  years 
president  of  the  American  Federation  of 
Labour,  died  August  1  in  New  York  at 
the  age  of  70.  Her  husband  died  three 
years  after  their  1921  marriage. 

Mrs.  Gompers  herself  was  active  in  trade 
unionism  and  had  worked  for  various 
unions  in  the  United  States. 


U.S.  Labor  Department 
Reorganized   by  Durkin 

Reorganization  of  the  United  States 
Department  of  Labor,  announced  recently 
by  Labor  Secretary  Martin  Durkin,  will 
give  four  assistant  secretaries  direct  respon- 
sibility for  department  functions. 

Mr.  Durkin  said  that  reorganization  will 
insure  more  efficient  operation  of  the 
Department  and  better  enforcement  of 
labour  laws.  It  is  the  first  time  assistants 
have  been  given  such  wide  powers. 

The  bureaus  of  apprenticeship,  employ- 
ment security,  veterans'  employment  service 
and  veterans'  employment  rights  will  be 
under  the  direction  of  Assistant  Secretary 
Rocco  Siciliano. 

The  Department's  activities  in  interna- 
tional labour  affairs  will  be  supervised  by 
Assistant  Secretary  Spencer  Miller  Jr. 
Assistant  Secretary  James  E.  Dodson  will 
supervise  management  and  internal  oper- 
ation of  the  Department. 

The  bureaus  of  labour  statistics  and 
labour  standards,  the  wage,  hour  and  public 
contracts  divisions,  the  women's  bureau  and 
other  agencies  will  be  supervised  by 
Assistant  Secretary  Harrison  S.  Hobart. 
Mr.  Hobart  was  formerly  an  official  of 
the  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Engineers. 


Average   U.S.   Pension   Plan 
Pays   $117.50   Monthly 

Retirement  income  of  $117.50  per  month, 
including  $77.50  from  social  security,  is  the 
average  benefit  provided  in  300  collective 
bargaining  pension  programs  covering 
nearly  six  million  workers  studied  by  the 
United  States  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
This  amount  can  be  expected  by  a  worker 
whose  earnings  have  been  $3,000  per  year 
and  who  retires  after  30  years  of  service. 


The  New  York  State  Department  of 
Labor  gives  $120.50  per  month  as  the 
corresponding  figure  for  230  plans  covering 
nearly  one  million  workers  in  that  state. 

A  worker  with  a  $3,000  average  income 
retiring  after  20  years  of  service  would 
receive  $104.50  on  the  national  average  and 
$106  on  the  New  York  State  average,  ten 
per  cent  less  in  each  case.  A  worker  whose 
average  annual  wage  has  been  $4,000  would, 
after  30  years  of  service,  receive  a  monthly 
retirement  income  of  $136.76  on  the  national 
average,  12  per  cent  higher  than  the  $3,000 
worker.  The  average  pension  is  higher 
under  plans  to  which  the  worker  as  well 
as  the  employer  contributes,  it  was  found. 

Of  interest  in  this  connection  is  a  recent 
report  by  the  National  Industrial  Confer- 
ence Board  that  payments  for  pensions  and 
other  welfare  benefits  by  corporations  in 
the  United  States  reached  new  high  levels 
in  1952,  continuing  the  rapid  increase  in 
these  pa3rments  over  the  last  15  years. 

Figures  compiled  by  the  Board  show  that 
fringe  benefits  cost  private  industry  a 
record  $8,054,000,000  in  1952,  compared  with 
$7,677,000,000  in  1951.  However,  this  in- 
crease of  $377,000,000  from  1951  to  1952 
was  the  smallest  year-to-year  gain  since 
1949.  In  1951  the  gain  was  $1,055,000,000 
over  1950;  in  1950  it  was  $1,497,000,000  over 
1949. 

In  1952  employers  contributed  $3,436,- 
000,000  for  private  pensions  and  welfare 
funds,  compared  with  $3,125,000,000  in  1951; 
$2,101,000,000  for  old-age  and  survivors 
insurance,  compared  with  $1,966,000,000; 
$1,654,000,000  in  taxes  and  contributions  for 
unemployment  insurance,  compared  with 
$1,757,000,000;  and  $863,000,000  for  other 
benefits,  compared  with  $829,000,000  in 
1951. 


Department  Store   Union 
President  Dies  at  58 

Irving  M.  Simon,  President  of  the  Retail, 
Wholesale  and  Department  Store  Union 
(CIO-CCL),  died  in  New  York  September 
2.    He  was  58  years  of  age. 

Born  in  Poland,  Mr.  Simon  began  work 
at  the  age  of  12  in  a  Brooklyn  shoe  store.' 
In  1913  he  helped  form  what  is  now  Local 
1268,  and  from  1922  until  his  death  was  its 
business  manager. 

Mr.  Simon  became  a  vice-president  of 
the  international  union  in  1937,  the  year  it 
joined  the  Congress  of  Industrial  Organiza- 
tions. In  1948  he  was  named  president  and 
guided  the  union  from  its  low  ebb  following 
the  expulsion  of  Communist  elements  to 
its  present  membership  of  85,000. 


1266 


F.   P.   Walsh   Again  Heads 
JV.Z.   Labour  Federation 

F.  P.  Walsh  was  re-elected  president  of 
the  New  Zealand  Federation  of  Labour  at 
its  annual  convention  this  year. 

Other  officers  re-elected  were  W.  A. 
Fox,  Vice-president,  and  K.  M.  Baxter, 
Secretary-Treasurer. 

The  convention  adopted  resolutions  deal- 
ing with  industrial  co-partnership,  profit- 
sharing,  tax  rebates  and  employment.  The 
report  of  the  Federation's  executive  urged 
support  for  the  United  Nations  and  the 
International  Confederation  of  Free  Trade 
Unions. 


Longshoremen's   Union 
Suspended   by  AFL 

The  International  Longshoremen's  Asso- 
ciation has  been  suspended  for  an  indefinite 
period  by  the  American  Federation  of 
Labour.  The  action  was  taken  at  the  AFL 
executive  council  meeting  last  month  in 
Chicago   (see  page   1258). 

The  suspension  has  to  be  ratified  by  this 
month's  annual  convention  of  the  AFL. 
The  union  has  the  right   of  appeal. 

Reason  for  the  suspension  was  the  ILA's 
unwillingness  to  cleanse  its  ranks  of  corrupt 
elements. 

Many  observers  expect  the  AFL  eventu- 
ally to  expel  the  longshoremen's  union; 
basis  for  this  opinion  is  the  belief  that,  as 
the  union's  leadership  is  itself  involved  in 
the  corruption,  it  is  unlikely  that  it  will 
heed  AFL  President  George  Meany's 
appeal  to   clean  house. 

This  is  the  first  time  the  AFL  has 
disciplined  a  union  for  engaging  in  corrupt 
practices. 

In  the  absence  of  any  move  by  the  ILA 
leaders  to  purge  the  union's  ranks  of 
corrupt  elements,  one  local  has  seceded 
and  several  others  have  announced  their 
intention  to  withdraw.  A  local  represent- 
ing 2,500  workers  in  New  York  lumber 
yards  has  left  the  ILA  and  obtained  a 
charter  from  the  International  Brotherhood 
of  Teamsters.  Locals  representing  long- 
shoremen along  the  Great  Lakes,  the  Gulf 


of  Mexico  and  other  areas  outside  New 
York  have  applied  to  the  AFL  for  a 
charter  for  a  new  union,  to  be  known  as 
the  American  Federation  of  Longshoremen. 

Sponsors  of  the  charter  estimate  that 
30,000  longshoremen — half  the  ILA  mem- 
bership— would  transfer  to  the  new  union. 

AFL  officials  have  indicated  that  no 
action  will  be  taken  on  the  charter  appli- 
cation until  after  this  month's  convention 
decides  what  to  do  about  the  ILA. 


Two   Toronto  Locals 
MarU  50th  Anniversary 

Two  local  unions  in  Toronto  are  this  year 
celebrating  their  50th  anniversaries.  They 
are  Local  35  of  the  International  Photo 
Engravers  Union  (AFL-TLC)  and  Local  12 
of  the  Amalgamated  Lithographers  of 
America  (CIO-CCL).  Both  have  long 
records  of  good  relations  with  industry. 

The  engravers  local  was  formed  by  14 
members  and  received  its  first  charter  from 
the  parent  union  on  July  15,  1903.  The 
local  began  bargaining,  called  its  first 
strike  and  won  its  first  collective  agree- 
ment in  1904.  It  now  numbers  some  600 
members  in  the  city  of  Toronto. 

Nine  charter  members  of  the  local  are 
still  living.  They  are  Fred  Doran  and 
Jim  Egan,  both  members  of  the  original 
executive,  Albert  Patterson,  Fred  Osier, 
William  Ellison,  Robert  Baird,  Herbert 
Hamel,  Frank  Anderson  and  Thomas 
Bryan. 

The  pioneer  members  of  the  litho- 
graphers local  originally  held  membership 
cards  with  the  Buffalo  local  of  the  union. 
When  in  1903  the  number  of  Toronto 
members  reached  ten,  a  permanent  Toronto 
local  was  formed.  It  now  numbers  some 
750  members  and  is  the  largest  in  the 
1,800-member  lithographers  union. 

The  local  has  gone  on  strike  twice,  both 
times  over  wages.  The  first  strike  was 
called  a  few  years  after  founding;  the 
second  in  1949. 

Only  one  of  the  ten  original  members 
is  living.  He  is  Charles  Voss,  retired  and 
living  in  Toronto. 


77966— 3£ 


1267 


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Wages,  Hours  and  Working  Conditions  in  the 
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Cost  of  Living  Escalator  Clauses  in  Collective 
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Numbers  of  Workers  Affected  by  Collective 
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Meters,  Motors  and  Men. 

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Careers  in  Natural  Science  and  Engineering. 

Carpenter. 

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Foundry  Workers. 

Lawyer. 

Machinist  and  Machine  Operator  (Metal). 

Mining  Occupations. 

Motor  Vehicle  Mechanics  and  Repairmen. 

Optometrist. 

Painter. 

Plasterer. 

Plumber,  Pipe  Fitter  and  Steam  Fitter. 

Printing  Trades, 

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Technical    Occupations    in    Radio   and    Elect- 
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1268 


Guaranteed  Wage  and  Employment 
Plans  in  Collective  Agreements 

Of  937  agreements  covering  610,200  workers,  only  28  affecting  16,900 
employees  in  manufacturing  provide  wage  or  work  guarantees  other 
than  reporting  allowance  and  call-in  pay;  in  non-manufacturing,  only  ten 


Although  the  number  of  guaranteed  wage 
plans  in  Canadian  industry  is  small,  those 
now  in  effect  show  wide  variations  both  in 
objectives  and  in  the  practices  followed. 
In  their  most  limited  form,  such  plans 
guarantee  employees  called  to  work  a 
minimum  number  of  hours  at  regular  pay. 
More  important  to  the  worker's  income, 
however,  are  those  plans  which  guarantee 
employment  and  income  over  longer 
periods  of  time,  ranging  from  a  week  to 
as  long  as  a  year. 

A  sample  of  937  collective  bargaining 
agreements  effective  in  Canadian  industry 
was  examined  by  the  Economics  and  Re- 
search Branch  for  guaranteed  wage  or 
guaranteed  employment  provisions.  In 
manufacturing,  564  agreements  covering 
343,100  workers  were  included  in  the 
sample.  Only  28  applying  to  about  16,900 
workers  provided  wage  or  work  guarantees 
other  than  reporting  allowances  and  call-in 
pay.  Among  the  373  agreements,  covering 
267,100  workers  examined  in  non-manu- 
facturing industries  only  ten  had  similar 
plans  (See  Table  1). 

Guaranteed  wage  plans  all  have  the  com- 
mon objective  of  protecting  the  worker's 
income  through  periods  of  lay-off.  For 
example,  workers  in  the  meat  packing 
industry  are  guaranteed  a  certain  number 
of  hours  of  work  in  each  week  of  employ- 


ment. In  the  past,  the  irregularity  of  live- 
stock deliveries  to  the  packing  houses  often 
resulted  in  less  than  a  full  week's  work. 
In  other  industries,  periodic  lay-offs  of 
longer  duration  often  take  place  as  a  result 
of  seasonal  variations,  "tooling-up"  periods 
or  other  factors  affecting  the  scheduling  of 
production. 

Types  of  Plans 

The  various  guaranteed  wage  plans  can 
most  readily  be  grouped  according  to  the 
period  of  employment  covered  by  the  plan. 
As  will  be  seen  in  the  table,  most  of  the 
plans  now  in  effect  cover  relatively  short 
periods.  Their  importance  to  the  worker 
will  increase  as  the  period  covered  grows 
longer. 

"Call-in  pay"  or  "reporting  pay"  are  the 
most  common  forms  of  wage  guarantee. 
These  provide  minimum  pay,  usually  two 
to  four  hours'  pay,  to  workers  who  either 
are  called  in  to  work  or  report  for  work 
at  their  usual  hour  and  find  no  work  avail- 
able. 

The  guaranteed  work  week  in  Canada 
is  mainly  found  in  the  meat  packing  and 
urban  transportation  industries.  The  plans 
in  the  two  industries  differ  widely.  In 
meat  packing,  the  purpose  is  to  establish  a 
minimum  work  week  irrespective  of  the 
level  of  livestock   deliveries   to   the   plant. 


TABLE  1.— GUARANTEED  WAGE  PROVISIONS  IN  COLLECTIVE  AGREEMENTS 

(as  shown  in  a  selected  sample  of  937  agreements) 


Non-Manufacturing 

Manufacturing 

Type  of  Provision 

Number  of 
Agreements 

Number  of 

Employees 

Affected 

Number  of 
Agreements 

Number  of 

Employees 

Affected 

Annual  Work  or  Wage  Guarantee 

3 

1,300 

2 

6 

9 

335 

11 
201 

600 

Monthly  Wage  Guarantee 

4,100 

Weekly  Work  or  Wage  Guarantee 

4 
111 

3 
252 

1,900 
108,300 

500 
155,100 

1,500 

Minimum  Call  Pay  and/or  Reporting  Pay 

Weekly  Work  or  Wage  Guarantee  Combined  with 
Minimum  Call  Pay 

243,000 
10,700 

No  Provision 

83,200 

Totals 

373 

267, 100 

564 

343,100 

1269 


In  urban  transportation,  the  guarantee 
applies  to  workers  without  regular  assign- 
ments and  establishes  for  them  a  minimum 
work  week.  In  both  cases,  however,  once 
a  worker  has  been  on  the  payroll  for  the 
first  day  or  two  of  the  week,  he  will  be 
paid  for  a  complete  week  or  some  stated 
portion  of  the  week. 

Monthly  wage  guarantees  are  uncommon 
in  Canadian  industries.  They  are  found, 
however,  in  specialized  sections  of  the  fish 
processing   industry. 

Guaranteed  annual  wages  have  been 
popularly  discussed  in  recent  years  as  a 
result  of  the  stated  objectives  of  certain 
unions  in  the  United  States  and  in  Canada. 
Some  plans  have  been  in  existence  for 
several  years  but  their  coverage  is  relatively 
small.  The  claim  of  the  employees  has 
been  that  the  employer  should  either  over- 
come variations  in  employment  throughout 
the  year  by  better  scheduling  of  production 
or  pay  wages  during  any  lay-off. 

A  guaranteed  annual  wage  plan  is  illus- 
trated by  the  now-famous  Hormel  Plan 
in  the  United  States,  which  guarantees 
employees  52  pay  cheques  a  year1.  The 
actual  hours  worked  during  any  period  of 
the  year  may  vary  but  provision  is  made 
to  spread  the  income  of  the  worker  more 
evenly  through  the  year  so  that  it  is  paid 
in  52  weekly  instalments.  A  similar  plan 
has  been  in  effect  for  some  years  at  the 
Scott-McHale  Shoe  Company  in  London, 
Ont.  Here,  the  amount  paid  to  the  em- 
ployees over  any  year  is  covered  by  a 
fixed  percentage  of  the  total  wholesale 
price  of  shoes  manufactured  during  that 
year. 

A  guaranteed  annual  employment  plan  is 
illustrated  by  the  Proctor  and  Gamble  plan 
in  the  United  States,  in  this  case  a  guar- 
antee of  48  hours'  work  during  the  year. 
Other  work  guarantees  are  based  on  hours, 
so  that  a  minimum  number  of  hours  is  to 
be  worked  in  each  year.  The  method  of 
applying  a  guaranteed  annual  employment 
plan  will  necessarily  differ  from  a  guaran- 
teed annual  wage  plan. 

Wage  and  Employment  Guarantees  in 
Canadian  Manufacturing  Industry 

With  the  exception  of  two  annual  wage 
plans  applying  to  shoe  workers,  the  guaran- 
tee provisions  in  the  manufacturing  agree- 
ments analyzed  in  this  sample  are  not 
designed  to  provide  workers  with  con- 
tinuity of  income  or  employment  for  any 
lengthy  period  of  time.     Seventy-four  per 


JSee  Guaranteed  Wage  Plans  in  the  United 
States,  Bulletin  No.  925,  United  States 
Department  of  Labor. 


cent  of  the  workers  under  the  agreements 
surveyed  are  guaranteed  two  to  four  hours' 
pay  whenever  they  are  called  in  to  work 
or  report  for  work  at  their  usual  hour.  Of 
the  28  agreements  that  provide  guarantees 
for  longer  periods,  the  limit  is  usually  one 
week  or  one   month. 

Annual   Wage   Stabilization   Plans 

Two  plans  in  effect  in  the  shoe  industry 
aim  to  stabilize  the  worker's  income  over 
the  year.  Only  certain  classes  of  employees 
are  eligible.  Each  eligible  employee  is 
guaranteed  one  pay  cheque  for  each  week 
that  the  agreement  is  effective,  regardless 
of  business  conditions  or  regularity  of 
employment.  However,  the  annual  wage 
may  fluctuate  since  the  fund  from  which 
the  pay  cheques  are  drawn  is  a  specified 
percentage  of  the  wholesale  value  of  shoes 
packed  during  the  life  of  the  agreement. 
Any  surplus  in  the  wage  fund  may  be  used 
to  build  a  reserve  for  use  during  slack 
periods  or  to  revise  weekly  rates  of  pay 
upwards.  Similarly,  when  wage  payments 
exceed  the  amount  available,  weekly  rates 
may  be  revised  downward. 

Monthly  Earnings  Guarantee 

Under  six  agreements  in  this  sample 
covering  4,100  workers  in  fish  processing 
plants,  a  minimum  monthly  guarantee  is 
assured  to  certain  classes  of  employees. 
However,  it  applies  only  to  those  employees 
who  remain  a  full  season  or  complete  the 
work  for  which  they  are  engaged.  In  fish 
processing  plants,  a  season  is  the  period 
during  which  a  preponderance  of  a  par- 
ticular species  of  fish  is  processed. 

Weekly   Earnings   or  Work   Guarantee 

Weekly  guarantees  of  work  or  wages  are 
provided  for  in  20  agreements  in  this 
survey  affecting  about  12,200  workers.  They 
are  chiefly  used  in  the  meat  packing  indus- 
try, where  13  of  the  existing  plans  are  in 
force. 

Under  the  meat  packing  agreements,  the 
work  week  or  the  weekly  wage  is  guaran- 
teed. A  particular  clause  may  guarantee 
the  payment  of  a  weekly  minimum  wage 
corresponding  to  a  specified  number  of 
hours  of  work,  or  it  may  guarantee  a 
specified  number  of  hours  of  work  at  the 
employee's  regular  rate  of  pay.  The  guaran- 
tee clause  is  always  worded  in  a  manner 
to  exclude  overtime  premium  payments 
from  the  guarantee.  An  example  of  a 
weekly  work  guarantee  in  the  meat  packing 
industry  is  as  follows: — 

The  Company  agrees  to  guarantee  every 
employee,  not  otherwise  excluded,  in 
every  week  of  employment  36  hours'  pay 


1270 


at  regular  rates,  subject  to  the  following 
provisions.     Premiums    for    night    work 
and    overtime    shall    not    be    considered 
when  calculating  what  guarantee,  if  any, 
is  to  be  paid. 

(a)  The  Company  shall  adjust  gangs 
in  proportion  to  the  work  available 
or  expected.  To  provide  employees 
with  the  guaranteed  hours  of  work, 
the  Company  shall  be  free  to  dis- 
tribute work  within  Departments 
and  to  transfer  employees  from  one 
department  to  another,  reasonable 
consideration  being  given  to  senior- 
ity, to  ability,  and  to  extreme 
changes   in   temperature. 

(6)  An  exception  to  the  weekly  guaran- 
tee occurs  in  the  case  of  gangs  hired 
on  a  temporary  basis  and  normally 
providing  employment  for  a  period 
of  less  than  six  consecutive  work- 
ing  days. 

(c)  The  union  agrees  and  the  Company 
expects  that  employees  will  perform 
whatever  tasks  may  be  assigned  to 
them  conscientiously.  If  any  em- 
ployee declines  to  perform  the  task 
assigned  to  him,  the  Company  shall 
be  absolved  from  its  guarantee  in 
respect  to  the  hours  so  lost  by  that 
employee. 

(d)  Any  employee  who  is  tardy  or 
absent  from  work  on  any  day  or 
part  of  a  day  that  he  is  scheduled 
or  directed  to  work  shall  have  his 
guarantee  reduced  by  the  time  so 
lost. 

(e)  An  employee  who  is  employed  after 
the  first  of  the  payroll  week  shall 
be  guaranteed  that  fraction  of  36 
hours'  work  which  the  number  of 
days  remaining  of  the  payroll  week 
is  of  his  scheduled  work  week. 

(/)  The  guarantee  shall  be  the  same 
in  weeks  in  which  the  eight  paid 
public  holidays  occur  as  in  others. 
Pay  received  for  public  holidays 
shall  be  regarded  as  part  of  the 
guarantee. 

Four  agreements  negotiated  by  the  Inter- 
national Association  of  Machinists  to  cover 
small  groups  of  garage  employees  have  a 
guaranteed  employment  plan  similar  in 
content  to  that  in  effect  in  meat  packing 
plants. 

The  other  three  agreements  have  a 
weekly  wage  guarantee  covering  route  sales- 
men employed  in  bakeries.  One  provides 
for  the  guarantee  of  a  weekly  minimum 
wage  to  all  regular  salesmen.  The  others, 
slightly  different  in  content,  apply  in  special 
cases.  They  state:  "Salesmen  whose  routes 
have  been  reorganized  in  a  degree  of 
lessening  their  weekly  earnings  shall,  for 
a  period  of  three  months,  be  guaranteed  a 
weekly  earning  equal  to  their  previous  six 
months'  average." 


Wage  and  Employment  Guarantees  in 
Canadian  Non-Manufacturing  Industries 

Call-in  pay  and  reporting  pay  provisions 
are  somewhat  less  prevalent  in  non-manu- 
facturing industry  agreements.  The  most 
frequent  occurrence  of  this  provision  is  in 
construction  and  longshore  work. 

The  guaranteed  work  week  is  found  in 
some  urban  transportation  agreements  and 
applies  to  "spare  men",  as  mentioned 
above. 

Annual  wage  guarantees  are  provided 
in  two  agreements  of  this  survey  covering 
inland  water  transport.  One  assures  all 
licensed  personnel  a  percentage  of  their 
normal  pay  (50  per  cent  or  33^  per  cent, 
depending  on  classification)  during  the 
winter  months  or  other  periods  when  the 
boats  are  not  operating.  This  applies  to 
employees  who  have  completed' one  season 
of  employment  and  who  continue  in  the 
service  of  the  company.  The  other  con- 
tract bases  pay  on  12  months  for  licensed 
personnel.  They  receive  full  pay  on  the 
basis  of  12  months  even  though  the 
operating  season  may  be  shorter. 

Four  inland  water  transport  companies 
not  having  collective  agreements  have 
reported  annual  guarantees  for  licensed 
personnel.  One  guarantees  work  during  the 
winter  at  full  monthly  rates  of  pay.  The 
second  guarantees  12  months'  full  salary 
and  places  the  men  on  call  for  work 
during  the  winter.  Another  guarantees  12 
months'  full  salary  and  mentions  nothing 
about  work  during  the  winter.  The  last 
one  guarantees  8i  months'  pay  for  the 
regular  season  and  1|  months'  pay  during 
the  winter. 

Coverage  of  the  Plans 

The  portion  of  the  working  force  covered 
by  the  various  plans  may  vary.  In  some 
cases  the  guarantee  may  be  restricted  to 
certain  highly  skilled  employees;  in  others 
it  may  apply  only  to  workers  with  a  certain 
length  of  seniority.  Some  plans  relate  to 
the  basic  crew.  For  example,  in  the  United 
States,  the  Sea  Board  Airline  Railway  and 
various  AFL  unions  bargain  each  year  the 
size  of  the  minimum  work  force  which  is 
to  be  guaranteed  six  days  of  employment 
each  week  for  the  ensuing  year. 

Recent  Developments 

Interest  in  guaranteed  wage  plans,  par- 
ticularly those  related  to  yearly  periods, 
has  been  shown  in  many  quarters  in  recent 
months.  At  the  international  level  the 
problem  has  been  raised  at  several  of  the 
industry    committees    of    the    International 


1271 


Labour  Organization.  The  latest  to  make 
a  recommendation  on  the  subject  was  the 
Textile  Committee  (International  Labour 
Organization  Textiles  Committee,  4th  Ses- 
sion, February  2  to  13,  1953.  See  L.G., 
May,  p.  693).  This  Committee  adopted  a 
memorandum  recognizing  the  need  for 
reducing  the  instability  of  employment  in 
their  industry  and  urging  further  study  of 
the  principle  of  a  guaranteed  annual  wage. 

At  least  two  international  unions  with 
membership  in  this  country  have  spon- 
sored plans  for  the  guaranteed  annual  wage. 
The  United  Steel  Workers  of  America 
(CIO-CCL)  and  the  United  Automobile 
Workers  (CIO-CCL)  have  been  most  active 
in  this  respect.  At  the  present  time,  the 
United  Automobile  Workers  have  laid  a 
proposed  guaranteed  wage  plan  before  a 
committee  of  economists  for  their  advice. 
There  has  been,  however,  no  bargaining  on 
this  plan  in  the  negotiations  within  the 
industry  nor  have  the  details  been  made 
public. 

In  mid-1952  the  United  Steelworkers  of 
America  (CIO)  signified  their  intention  to 
seek  a  guaranteed  annual  wage  in  the 
United  States.  Although  they  dropped  this 
demand  in  their  bargaining,  they  proposed 
a  plan  which  would  supplement  unemploy- 
ment insurance  benefits.  Employers  would 
be  required  to  contribute  6J  to  7  cents  per 
hour  worked  by  each  employee  to  a  fund. 
The  fund  would  be  used  to  guarantee  em- 
ployees having  three  years  or  more  of 
service  30  hours'  pay  per  week  for  52 
weeks  during  any  spell  of  unemployment. 
This  amount  would  be  paid  in  addition  to 
any  state  unemployment  compensation 
benefits.  The  union  has  indicated  that  it 
is    also    interested    in    getting    a    similar 


guarantee  in  Canada.  In  their  1953  bar- 
gaining, the  union  sought  unsuccessfully 
in  the  United  States  to  have  a  joint  labour- 
management  committee  set  up  to  study 
the  subject. 

Discussions  on  the  general  question  of 
guaranteed  annual  wages  have  brought 
forth  a  number  of  arguments  about  the 
practical  nature  of  such  plans.  On  the 
one  hand  it  is  contended  that  the  worker's 
need  for  food,  shelter  and  clothing  con- 
tinues throughout  the  year  and  that  em- 
ployment and  wages  should  do  likewise. 
Moreover,  it  is  held  that  the  social  costs  of 
forced  idleness  should  not  fall  solely  on 
the  worker  but  should  either  be  eliminated 
or  spread  over  the  community  as  a  whole. 

It  also  argued  that  the  guaranteed  wage 
will  have  important  benefits  for  manage- 
ment. An  incentive  will  be  provided  to 
seek  methods  of  regularizing  production 
schedules.  It  is  further  contended  that  a 
feeling  of  security  among  the  workers 
resulting  from  such  a  plan  will  bring 
increased  output  and  less  resistance  to 
technological  change.  Finally,  it  is  con- 
tended that  labour  turnover  would  be 
reduced. 

Those  opposing  guaranteed  annual  wages 
point  out  that  the  additional  cost  to 
industry  of  such  plans  would  be  disadvan- 
tageous both  to  management  and  to  labour. 
They  stress  the  fact  that  the  fluctuations 
in  production  within  various  industries  are 
very  often  the  result  of  seasonal  factors 
that  cannot  be  overcome  by  careful  plan- 
ning. They  point  out  in  addition  that  the 
wage  guarantees  would  result  in  manage- 
ment being  unable  to  expand  or  to  con- 
tract employment  as  the  need  arises. 


WAGE 

RATES, 

SALARIES,  AND  HOURS 

OF 

LABOUR  IN 

CANADA,  1952 

ANNUAL  REPORT 

No.  35 

PRICE:  25  CENTS 

Contains  index 

numbers  of  wage  rates 

and  average  standard  weekly  hours  of  work 

in  most  Canac 

ian   industries; 

average 

wage  rates  and  ranges  of  rates  for  the 

more 

important  occupations  in  these 

industries; 

and  special  compilations  for  manufacturing 

as  a 

whole,  showing 

wage  rates  for  unskilled 

factory  labour  and   salaries  of  office  workers 

1272 


Trades  and  Labour  Congress 

Holds  68th  Annual  Convention 


Takes  first  step  towards  labour  unity,  decides  to  press  for  guaranteed 
annual  wage,  embarks  on  political  education  scheme  and  launches  cam- 
paign to  expose  Communist  activity  in  labour  movement.  Election  sees 
one  vice-president  unseated;  other  officers   returned  by  acclamation 


Several  innovations  and  departures  from 
previous  policy  featured  the  68th  conven- 
tion of  the  Trades  and  Labour  Congress 
of  Canada  in  Ottawa,  August  10  to  15.  A 
total  of  647  delegates  attended. 

The  convention,  which  coincided  with  the 
80th  anniversary  of  the  formation  of  the 
TLC's  predecessor,  the  Canadian  Labour 
Union,  took  a  first  cautious  step  towards 
labour  unity  (a  reversal  of  the  decision  of 
last  year's  convention) ;  decided,  for  the 
first  time,  to  press  for  a  guaranteed  annual 
wage;  agreed,  while  re-affirming  the  TLC's 
non-partisan  political  policy,  to  embark  on 
a  scheme  of  political  education;  and 
launched  a  campaign  to  expose  Communist 
activity  in  the  labour  movement. 

One  new  face  appears  on  the  executive 
council  as  a  result  of  the  defeat  of  a  vice- 
president  who  had  served  nine  terms  in  the 
position. 

Disarmament  was  dropped  from  the 
standing  platform  of  principles  of  the  TLC. 

The  delegates  approved  salary  increases 
for  the  Congress  President  and  Secretary- 
Treasurer  and  agreed  to  the  establishment 
of  a  pension  plan  for  presidents  and 
secretary-treasurers  who  complete  ten 
terms. 

Suggestions  that  the  TLC  think  about 
erecting  a  new  building  for  its  national 
headquarters  and  about  a  change  in  the 
convention  date  were  advanced  but  no 
action  was  taken  on  either  one. 

Appointment  of  a  full-time  education 
director  and  establishment  of  an  educa- 
tion department,  recommended  by  the 
committee  on  officers'  reports,  was  approved 
by  the  delegates.  A  person  to  fill  the 
newly-created  position  has  not  yet  been 
named.  At  present  one  man  performs  both 
organization  and  education  duties. 

The  Congress  is  in  sound  financial  posi- 
tion, has  the  most  members — about  580,000 
— in  its  80-year  history  and  is  adding  new 
ones  at  the  rate  of  1,000  a  month,  it  was 
reported. 


The  need  for  a  new  building  for  Con- 
gress headquarters  was  noted  in  the  report 
of  Secretary-Treasurer  Gordon  Cushing.  By 
setting  aside  a  sum  each  year,  he  pointed 
out,  the  TLC  would  have  enough  for  a  new 
building  within  ten  years.  He  suggested 
$100,000  as  a  target  at  which  to  aim. 

The  suggestion  that  the  TLC's  annual 
convention  be  held  in  a  different  month 
was  made  by  Mr.  Cushing  in  the  discus- 
sion of  a  resolution  asking  that  the  Con- 
gress meet  each  September  rather  than  in 
August.  While  he  agreed  with  criticisms 
that  August  was  a  poor  convention  month 
because  it  was  too  hot  and  conflicted  with 
the  annual  vacation  period,  he  ruled  out 
September  because  the  executive  "hesitates 
to  hold  a  convention  close  to  Labour  Day" 
and  doesn't  wish  a  TLC  convention  to 
conflict  the  AFL  convention,  which  accord- 
ing to  its  constitution  always  begins  on  the 
third  Monday  in  September.  He  recom- 
mended either  May  or  June,  pointing  out 
that  holding  of  the  convention  in  either 
of  those  months  would  enable  the  Congress 
to  prepare  its  annual  memorandum  for 
presentation  to  the  Cabinet  in  October  or 
November,  before  the  session  begins,  rather 
than  in  April,  as  at  present,  at  which  time 
the  session  is  almost  over  and  the  Cabinet 
too  busy  to  give  much  time  to  receiving 
the  TLC  delegation. 

Other  amendments  to  the  platform  of 
principles  included :  the  addition  of  "federal 
aid  to  all  grades  of  education";  the  replace- 
ment of  "nationalization"  by  "public 
ownership  and  democratic  management"  in 
the  plank  "nationalization  of  banking  and 
credit";  and  a  new  plank,  "support  of  the 
principle  of  democratic  government  based 
on  the  will  and  consent  of  the  people  as 
the  only  foundation  for  the  building  of 
universal  peace  and  freedom". 

J.  W.  Waddell,  President  of  the  Ottawa 
Allied  Trades  and  Labour  Association,  the 
host  organization,  presided  at  the  opening 
ceremonies.  A  welcome  to  the  city  was 
delivered  by  the  Mayor,  Charlotte  Whitton. 


1273 


Among  the  other  guest  speakers  were  the 
Minister  of  Labour,  the  Hon.  Milton  F. 
Gregg;  Hon.  Leslie  M.  Frost,  Premier  of 
Ontario;  and  the  fraternal  delegates, 
Arthur  Deakin  from  the  British  Trades 
Union  Congress  and  Toney  Gallo  from  the 
American  Federation  of  Labour. 

The  convention  faced  an  agenda  contain- 
ing 184  resolutions. 

Part  of  the  opening  day,  which  coincided 
with  the  federal  general  election,  was 
devoted  to  a  discussion  of  a  recommenda- 
tion that  the  TLC  executive  seek  an 
amendment  to  the  Canada  Election  Act  so 
that,  if  an  election  again  occurs  during  a 
convention,  the  delegates  will  be  permitted 
to  vote. 

R.  K.  Gervin,  Chairman  of  the  British 
Columbia  Provincial  Executive  Committee, 
suggested  that  polling  booths  could  be  set 
up  in  the  convention  hall.  "I  think  the 
time  has  come,"  he  said,  "for  amendment 
of  the  Election  Act  to  provide  for  persons 
who  go  out  of  town  for  any  legitimate 
purpose." 

We  have  lost  our  votes  this  time  but  we 
should  not  let  it  happen  again,  one 
delegate,  said. 

"Strong  representation  must  be  made," 
added  R.  H.  Brown,  a  Toronto  printing 
pressmen's  delegate,  "that  not  only  dele- 
gates but  those  travelling  for  their  union 
organization  be  allowed  to  vote  at  advance 
polls  as  well  as  railwaymen  and  commercial 
travellers." 

President  Bengough  promised  that  the 
executive  would  "see,  to  the  best  of  our 
ability,  that  the  Act  is  changed  before  the 
next  election." 

Labour  Unity 

In  a  reversal  of  the  action  taken  at  last 
year's  convention,  the  TLC  has  decided  to 
take  the  first  step  towards  the  union  of 
all  Canadian  labour  bodies  in  one  organ- 
ization. This  year's  convention  urged  all 
affiliates  to  refrain  from  raiding  and  called 
on  the  TLC  executive  to  explore  further 
steps   towards   "eventual   organic  unity". 

(Last  year's  convention  rejected  a 
similar  resolution  after  President  Bengough 
attacked  the  Canadian  Congress  of  Labour, 
charging  it  with  attempting  to  undermine 
the  TLC  (L.G.,  Sept.  1952,  p.  1185). 

The  resolution  adopted  by  the  conven- 
tion was  a  substitute,  drafted  by  the  reso- 
lution committee,  for  two  submitted  by 
local  unions.    It  was  worded  as  follows: — 

*  Resolved:  that  this  convention  urge  all  of 
the  affiliated  organizations  of  this  Congress 
to  refrain  from  attempting  to  entice  mem- 
bers from  any  other  legitimate  organization 


into  their  own  and  concentrate  upon  organ- 
izing the  •  unorganized  as  the  first  step 
towards  closer  relations  and  eventual  organic 
unity  between  the  national  central  bodies 
of  organized  labour  in  Canada;  and  that  the 
incoming  executive  council  be  encouraged  to 
explore  the  further  steps  which  should  be 
taken  towards  this  end. 

In  the  preamble  to  one  of  the  resolutions 
replaced  by  the  substitute,  Transcona 
Lodge  484  of  the  International  Association 
of  Machinists  stated  that  "we  agree  with 
the  change  in  AFL  and  CIO  policy  which 
has  made  it  possible  for  them  to  try  to 
resolve  their  differences." 

One  delegate,  W.  Dawson  of  a  Toronto 
local  of  the  plumbers'  union,  would  have 
gone  further  than  the  resolution.  "How 
much  longer  are  we  going  to  explore  this 
question?"  he  asked.  "The  labour  world 
is  waiting  for  a  voice  from  this  convention 
today.  Let's  have  a  definite  voice  and 
bring  an  end  to  this  exploration." 

Max  Federman  of  the  Toronto  District 
Trades  and  Labour  Council  said:  "We  have 
no  issues  today  on  which  labour  organiza- 
tions are  taking  different  positions.  We  are 
together  in  the  ICFTU,  etc." 

During  the  debate  on  this  resolution,  the 
dismissal  of  two  Canadian  officers  of  the 
International  Brotherhood  of  Teamsters 
(L.G.,  Aug.,  p.  1118)  was  indirectly  referred 
to  by  J.  Cain  of  Toronto,  a  delegate  from 
the  plumbers'  union  there,  who  said:  "It  is 
important  that  organized  labour  in  this 
country  should  be  able  to  elect  its  own 
officers.  We  should  have  friendly  relations 
with  labour  organizations  in  other  coun- 
tries but  domination  by  none." 

Another  interjection  was  made  by 
D.  Janzen,  delegate  from  the  Vancouver 
carpenters,  who  assured  the  convention  that 
"we  will  not  withdraw  from  the  TLC  even 
though  the  carpenters  have  withdrawn  from 
the  AFL   (see  p.  1258)." 

The  resolution  was  approved  almost 
unanimously. 

Guaranteed  Annual  Wage 

Without  debate,  the  delegates  approved 
a  resolution  urging  all  TLC  affiliates  "to 
press  for"  a  guaranteed  annual  wage. 

The  preamble  to  the  resolution,  sub- 
mitted by  the  Winnipeg  and  District  Trades 
and  Labour  Council,  pointed  out  that  since 
1935  corporation  profits  after  taxes  have 
increased  176  per  cent,  income  from  invest- 
ment 328  per  cent  but  wages  and  salaries 
only  89  per  cent. 

One  delegate  questioned  these  figures.  A 
member  of  the  sponsoring  council  assured 
him  that  they  were  reliable,  being  taken 
from  federal  government  statistics.     Theirs 


1274 


were  the  only  voices  from  the  floor  as  the 
resolution  was  given  the  stamp  of  approval. 
The  resolution  said  the  guaranteed  annual 
wage  was  "a  means  of  stabilizing  the 
incomes  of  union  members  and  of  securing 
a  more  equitable  share  of  the  wealth  they 
produce". 

Political  Action 

The  convention  rejected  an  attempt  to 
forge  a  link  between  the  TLC  and  the  CCF 
and  to  offer  TLC  support  to  candidates 
who  endorse  the  Congress'  legislative 
program  but  agreed  to  embark  on  a  scheme 
of  political  education. 

Three  resolutions,  all  submitted  by 
Toronto  unions,  were  replaced  by  a  sub- 
stitute drafted  by  the  convention's  resolu- 
tions committee.  One  asked  that  the 
TLC's  legislative  program  be  sent  to  the 
leaders  of  all  political  parties  with  a 
request  for  their  endorsation  and  support; 
in  return,  the  resolution  promised  support 
for  candidates  who  promised  such  endorsa- 
tion. The  second  urged  the  establishment 
of  a  Labour  League  for  Political  Education 
at  national,  provincial  and  local  levels.  The 
third  called  for  the  "overthrow"  of  the 
"traditional  AFL  policy  of  political 
neutrality"  and  for  recognition  and  support 
of  the  CCF  as  "the  political  arm  of  labour". 

The  substitute  resolution,  however, 
reaffirmed  the  "non-partisan  political 
policy"  of  the  TLC  and  requested  the 
executive  to  "make  pertinent  political 
information  available"  to  affiliated  organ- 
izations and  to  "give  serious  consideration 
to  the  establishment  of  a  Labour  League 
for  Political  Education". 

Some  delegates  criticized  the  substitute 
resolution  for  a  lack  of  strength.  "This  is 
a  watered-down  substitute  for  three  strong 
resolutions,"  said  H.  Lees  of  a  Toronto 
plumbers'  local.  "We  don't  need  any  more 
political  information,"  said  Douglas  Carr, 
delegate  from  a  Toronto  local  of  the 
Operating  Engineers,  sponsor  of  one  of  the 
resolutions  replaced  by  the  substitute.  "We 
need  action." 

But  after  Ken  Green  of  Halifax  and 
District  Federal  Union  No.  273  warned  the 
delegates  that  defeat  of  the  substitute 
resolution  would  mean  that  no  action  at  all 
would  be  taken  this  year  by  the  Congress, 
the  convention  approved  the  resolution. 

Subversive  Activities 

The  TLC  has  decided  to  launch  "a 
vigorous  educational  campaign  designed  to 
expose  the  disruptive,  subversive  activity  of 
Communists  in  the  labour  movement  and 
to  ensure  an  alert,  informed  and  active 
membership     that     will     see     to     it     that 


For  the  first  time  in  TLC  history,  a 
man  from  the  press  table  was  called  to 
the  microphone  on  the  platform  at  this 
year's  convention.  It  was  the  first  time, 
too,  that  the  reporter  had  received  such 
a  summons. 

The  man  was  Mike  Harris,  labour 
correspondent  for  the  Winnipeg  Free 
Press  and  dean  of  Canadian  labour 
reporters. 

The  reason  he  was  called  to  the 
platform  was  to  receive,  from  Mani- 
toba delegates  to  the  convention,  an 
inscribed  watch  to  mark  his  25th  year 
of  labour  reporting. 

Mr.  Harris  was  introduced  to  the  con- 
vention by  Winnipeg  Alderman  Victor 
Anderson,  Secretary  of  the  Winnipeg 
and  District  Trades  and  Labour  Council. 
The  presentation  was  made  by  Sam 
Herbst,  a  Canadian  representative  of  the 
International  Ladies'  Garment  Workers' 
Union  and  a  prominent  labour  figure  in 
Winnipeg. 


Communists  and  fellow-travellers  are  not 
elected  to  office  or  allowed  to  attain  posi- 
tions of  influence  in  the  trade  union 
movement." 

The  resolution  adopted  by  the  conven- 
tion also  urged  the  federal  Government  to 
take  "all  necessary  precautions  against 
sabotage,  especially  in  essential  industries". 

The  double-barrelled  resolution  was  sub- 
stituted for  one  from  a  Toronto  local  of 
the  International  Association  of  Machinists 
that  called  on  the  TLC  to  enlist  the 
co-operation  of  all  anti-communist  labour 
organizations  "to  kick  Communists  out  of 
Canadian  Labour".  The  preamble  to  this 
resolution  specifically  named  the  Interna- 
tional Union  of  Mine,  Mill  and  Smelter 
Workers. 

Objection  to  the  use  of  the  term  "fellow- 
travellers"  in  the  resolution  adopted  was 
voiced  by  H.  Lees  of  a  Toronto  local  of 
the  plumbers'  union. 

"I  must  warn  against  the  indiscriminate 
use  of  such  labels  as  'Red'  and  'fellow- 
traveller'  applied  to  progressive  thinkers  in 
art,  literature,  etc.,"  he  said.  "It  is  neces- 
sary to  safeguard  the  right  of  any  citizen 
to  criticize  the  Government,  provided  he 
does  so  through  democratic  channels.  We 
must  be  careful  not  to  destroy  freedom, 
especially  freedom  of  speech." 

He  was  supported  by  another  delegate 
from  his  local,  who  urged  the  deletion  of 
the  word  "fellow-travellers"  from  the  reso- 
lution. "Some  of  the  finest  men  in  this 
country  have  been  smeared  by  that  phrase," 
he  declared. 


1275 


Earlier  the  convention  defeated  a  reso- 
lution, submitted  by  a  Hamilton  local  of 
the  International  Brotherhood  of  Electrical 
Workers,  that  would  have  prevented  the 
Congress  from  barring  delegates  "because 
of  opinions  said  or  known  to  be  held"  by 
them.  The  resolution  urged  that  creden- 
tials issued  by  the  local  bodies  be  accepted 
without  question. 

Only  support  for  the  resolution  came 
from  George  North,  a  delegate  from  the 
United  Fishermen  and  Allied  Workers' 
Union,  British  Columbia,*  who  pointed  out 
that  Communists  were  not  prevented  from 
running  in  federal  elections.  How  then,  he 
asked,  could  the  Congress  refuse  a  seat  to 
Communists  who  were  elected  as  delegates 
to  the  convention? 

This  argument  was  quickly  answered  by 
another  British  Columbia  delegate,  A.  T. 
Alsbury  of  the  Vancouver,  New  West- 
minster and  District  Trades  and  Labour 
Council.  Communists,  he  said,  are  always 
ready  to  cry  out  against  what  they  describe 
as  a  denial  of  political  freedom.  "They 
should  first  express  a  belief  in  such  freedoms 
and  not  use  them  only  to  destroy  them," 
he  declared.  "They  are  the  very  people 
who  use  democratic  rights  and  privileges 
for  the  purpose  of  trying  to  destroy  them. 

"You  cannot  work  with  people  who 
co-operate  only  when  it  serves  their  pur- 
pose, who  co-operate  today  and  stab  you 
in  the  back  tomorrow,"  he  shouted. 

When  the  resolutions  committee's  recom- 
mendation of  non-concurrence  was  voted 
on,  it  was  overwhelmingly  approved;  only 
a  few  voices  were  raised  in  opposition. 

Health  Insurance 

Declaring  that  the  Government  has 
"consistently  ignored  the  views  of  the 
labour  movement  and  the  public  generally 
in  not  passing  legislation  on  health  insur- 
ance," the  Congress  again  this  year 
demanded  an  all-embracing,  Government- 
subsidized  health  insurance  scheme. 

This  year's  resolution,  a  substitute  for  12 
submitted  by  local  unions,  added  to  that 
adopted  at  the  1952  convention  requests 
that  the  plan  cover  artificial  limbs  and 
provide  "competently  supervised  mental 
homes".    It  was  adopted  unanimously. 

It  called  for  "the  early  establishment 
of  a  Government-subsidized,  contributory 
national  health  insurance  scheme  covering 
every  citizen  in  Canada  which  will  include 


*A  week  after  the  convention's  close,  this 
union  was  suspended  by  the  TLC  executive 
council  until  "it  proves  it  is  ridding  itself 
of    Communist    leadership    and    leanings". 


medical,  surgical,  dental  and  optical  care, 
hospitalization  and  artificial  limbs  where 
necessary,  psychiatric  treatment,  as  well  as 
competently  supervised  mental  homes." 

Most  delegates  considered  it  did  not  go 
far  enough.  Some  would  have  liked  to 
see  it  extended  to  include  sickness  benefits 
and  convalescent  homes,  and  one  suggested 
the  addition  of  chiropractors. 

One  or  two,  while  in  complete  agreement 
with  the  principle,  felt  that  it  went  too 
far  at  the  present  time  in  view  of  the  lack 
of  hospital  facilities.  Also,  some  said, 
before  such  a  scheme  could  be  put  into 
effect,  assurance  would  be  required  that 
provincial  governments  would  be  willing  to 
accept  their  share  of  responsibility  when 
the  federal  Government  is  willing  to  put 
up  the  funds. 

Disappointment  and  dissatisfaction  that 
repeated  representations  by  the  Congress 
had  failed  to  bring  about  government  action 
were  freely  expressed  on  the  convention 
floor. 

A  vigorous  campaign  on  the  part  of  all 
locals  was  advocated.  "There  hasn't  been 
enough  agitation  throughout  the  country," 
commented  some  delegates.  "We  must  go 
after  this  more  aggressively,"  said  W.  A. 
Acton  of  a  Windsor  local  of  the  carpenters' 
union.  "What  we  should  do  is  personally 
interview  each  Member  of  Parliament,  back 
them  into  a  corner  and  make  them  declare 
themselves." 

"Let's  make  the  politicians  live  up  to  their 
promises,"  added  Harry  Simon  of  Toronto, 
delegate  from  a  Fur  Workers'  Union  local. 

Opposition  by  insurance  companies  and 
the  doctors  was  blamed  for  lack  of  govern- 
ment action.  President  Bengough,  when 
he  entered  the  debate  to  answer  some  of 
the  points  raised  by  the  delegates,  recalled 
attempts  to  set  up  a  provincial  scheme  in 
British  Columbia.  It  had  been  "tied  up  at 
the  dock"  for  five  years,  he  said,  because 
of  the  opposition  of  the  medical  profession. 

(Criticism  of  the  medical  profession  on 
other  grounds  was  levelled  in  the  conven- 
tion's opening  minutes  when  Jack  Cauley, 
Vice-chairman  of  the  Ontario  Workmen's 
Compensation  Board,  accused  it  of  oppos- 
ing, first  the  introduction  and  then  the 
extension  of  workmen's  compensation,  and 
of  failing  to  exercise  the  proper  control 
over  its  members.) 

He  also  related  how  he  had  opposed  the 
draft  of  a  federal  act  because  it  was  a 
"closed  shop"  for  doctors:  the  man  admin- 
istering the  act  would  have  been  a  qualified 
doctor. 


1276 


The  Minister  of  Labour,  the  Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  is  congratulated  by  TLC  Presi- 
dent Percy  Bengough  at  the  conclusion  of  the  Minister's  speech  to  the  convention. 
Mr.  Gregg  is  wearing  the  guest  badge  just   pinned   to   his   lapel   by   Mr.   Bengough. 


"What  we  want  is  a  contributory  system 
operated  by  the  Government,  by  a  commis- 
sion on  which  Labour  is  represented,"  he 
declared. 

He  agreed  with  the  suggestion  that  all 
TLC  affiliates  conduct  an  aggressive  cam- 
paign to  press  for  the  early  establishment 
of  a  national  health  plan.  But  he  did  not 
favour  the  proposal  to  circulate  a  petition 
throughout  the  TLC  membership. 

I  don't  believe  in  petitions,"  he  said. 
"We,  your  executive,  speak  for  550,000 
members;  a  petition  may  get  100,000  names 
after  a  great   deal  of  hard  work." 

He  stated  emphatically  that  participation 
in  any  plan  by  private  agencies  and,  in 
particular,  insurance  companies  would  be 
totally  unacceptable  to  Labour. 

Answering  criticisms  that  the  resolution 
did  not  go  far  enough,  Mr.  Bengough 
declared   that   "we    can't   write   into   it   all 


the  details  involved  in  such  a  vast  under- 
taking. The  resolution  sets  out  the  target 
for  us  to  aim  at;  the  details  come  later. 

"Once  the  principle  is  established,  it  will 
take  a  year  or  two  to  get  the  system 
working  satisfactorily;  there  will  necessarily 
be  changes,"  he  stated. 

It  will  be  "impossible"  to  operate  the 
health  insurance  scheme  advocated  by  the 
TLC  if  doctors  are  to  be  paid  on  a  "fee- 
for-service"  basis,  Mr.  Bengough  said.  That 
would  be  nothing  more  than  a  "piece-work" 
system,  he  pointed  out,  "more  sickness, 
more  pay." 

The  doctors'  argument,  the  TLC  Presi- 
dent said,  is  that  any  other  system  would 
ruin  their  profession.  "There  is  no  truth 
in  that.  The  doctors  on  fixed  salaries — in 
universities,  in  research  laboratories — are 
the  ones  who  have  advanced  the  medical 
profession." 


1277 


Another  resolution  dealing  with  health 
problems  seeks  government  aid  in  the 
treatment  of  poliomyelitis. 

The  number  of  cases  of  this  dread 
disease  is  steadily  growing,  stated  this 
resolution,  submitted  by  Winnipeg  Lodge 
714  of  the  International  Association  of 
Machinists,  and  the  cost  of  proper  treat- 
ment has  increased  proportionately  so  that 
it  is  beyond  the  means  of  the  worker.  The 
resolution  requested  the  Government  "to 
provide  the  necessary  accommodation  and 
treatment  facilities  for  the  victims  of  this 
disease  on  a  parallel  as  available  for  the 
treatment  of  tubercular  cases." 

Unemployment  Insurance 

Increased  unemployment  insurance  bene- 
fits, set  at  a  percentage — between  60  and 
75  per  cent — of  the  worker's  earnings,  are 
sought  by  the  TLC.  In  addition,  the  Con- 
gress wants  the  waiting  period  reduced  to 
three  days,  including  the  first  day  of 
unemployment,  which  is  not  compensable; 
the  coverage  of  the  Act  extended  to  include 
all  workers;  benefits  paid  when  unemploy- 
ment  is  caused  by  illness;  and  the  exclu- 
sion of  vacation  and  accrued  benefits  when 
eligibility  for  payment  is  being  established. 

These  requests  were  contained  in  a  reso- 
lution substituted  for  11  submitted  by  local 
organizations.   It  was  approved  unanimously. 

Five  other  resolutions  dealing  with  unem- 
ployment insurance  were  adopted.  One 
expressed  the  TLC's  opposition  to  the 
inclusion  of  the  worker's  age  on  his  unem- 
ployment insurance  book.  Another  asked 
that  in  future  all  payments  of  benefits 
specify  the  period  covered  by  the  payment. 
A  third  requested  a  revision  of  Unem- 
ployment Insurance  Commission  regulations 
so  that  workers  on  the  five-day  work  week 
will  not  have  their  benefits  proportionately 
reduced. 

Again  this  year  the  convention  asked 
that  benefits  should  not  be  withheld  from 
trade  unionists,  "locked  out  because  mem- 
bers of  another  union  are  on  strike". 

A  resolution  urging  the  extension  of 
benefits  to  include  all  commercial  fisher- 
men was  amended  by  the  resolution 
committee,  who  added  the  words  "who  are 
wage  earners".  After  protests  by  a  dele- 
gate from  the  British  Columbia  United 
Fishermen  and  Allied  Workers'  Union, 
sponsors  of  the  resolution,  that  the  addition 
made  the  request  meaningless  in  British 
Columbia,  the  resolution  was  referred  back 
to  the  committee.  It  was  adopted  when 
again  presented  in  this  form:  "Resolved 
that  this  convention  instruct  the  incoming 
executive   to   investigate   the   possibility   of 


working  out  practical  plans  to  include 
commercial  fishermen  and  other  such 
groups  of  workers  under  the  provisions  of 
the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act." 

Transferral  of  unemployment  insurance 
credits  accumulated  by  a  worker  to  his 
widow's  account  if  she  enters  insurable 
employment  was  urged  in  a  resolution  on 
which  the  resolutions  committee's  recom- 
mendation was  "non-concurrence". 

"We  feel  that  the  problems  of  widows 
should  be  dealt  with  by  legislation  as 
proposed  by  the  TLC,"  said  committee 
chairman  Reg.  Swanborough  to  explain  the 
committee's  recommendation.  When  many 
delegates  protested,  the  resolution  was  sent 
back  to  the  committee  but  failed  to 
re-appear  before  the  convention's  close. 

Criminal  Code  Amendments 

Clarification  of  the  Government's  amend- 
ments to  the  Criminal  Code  to  protect 
legal  strikers  from  prosecution  under  the 
sections  dealing  with  the  breaking  of  con- 
tracts and  the  commission  of  mischief  was 
urged  by  a  resolution  adopted  at  the  con- 
vention. It  was  a  substitute  for  three 
submitted  by  local  unions. 

The  TLC  has  drafted  and  submitted  to 
the  Parliamentary  committee  discussing  the 
amendment  of  the  Criminal  Code  clauses 
that  would  achieve  the  TLC  objective. 
The  resolution  adopted  urged  the  inclusion 
of  these  clauses  in  the  Code. 

Delegates  from  unions  in  the  public 
utility  field  expressed  concern  that  the 
proposed  amendments  to  the  Code  placed 
them  in  "grave  danger"  and  requested 
inclusion  of  a  section  specifically  protecting 
the  right  of  public  utility  workers  to  strike. 
President  Bengough  asked  why  utility 
workers  should  be  singled  out.  The 
TLC's  suggested  additions  to  the  Code 
protect  the  right  of  all  workers  to  strike, 
he  pointed  out. 

A.  McDiarmid  of  the  Vancouver  IBEW 
local  asked  whether  workers  could  be 
forced  by  the  amended  Code  to  cross  picket 
lines  on  projects  where  several  unions  are 
working.  This  section  could  be  regarded  as 
a  breach  of  an  agreement,  he  pointed  out. 
President  Bengough  answered  that  it  was 
the  policy  of  the  Congress  that  when  an 
affiliate  enters  into  an  agreement  it  should 
fulfil  that  agreement. 

Some  delegates  then  suggested  that  all 
local  unions  have  written  into  their  collec- 
tive agreements  a  clause  stating  that 
refusal  to  cross  a  picket  line  would  not 
constitute   a  breach   of   the   agreement. 


1278 


Government  Employees 

A  total  of  24  resolutions  dealing  with 
wages,  hours  and  working  conditions  of 
federal  government  employees  was  sub- 
mitted. In  subject  matter  they  ranged 
from  overtime  rates  of  pay  for  prevailing 
rate  employees  to  collective  bargaining 
rights  for  all  government  workers,  from 
salary  scales  to  better  buildings  for  Unem- 
ployment Insurance  Commission  offices. 

Two  resolutions  urging  the  Government 
to  allow  employees'  organizations  in  the 
Civil  Service  to  be  certified  as  bargaining 
agents  and  to  bargain  in  accordance  with 
the  principles  laid  down  in  the  Industrial 
Relations  and  Disputes  Investigation  Act 
were  referred  to  the  TLC's  standing  com- 
mittee on  government  employees.  All 
others  were  adopted  by  the  convention. 

They  asked: — 

1.  An  upward  revision  of  civil  servants' 
and  postal  workers'  salaries  to  bring  them 
into  line  with  those  paid  by  industry. 

2.  The  payment  of  overtime  rates  to  civil 
servants  and  postal  employees. 

3.  Introduction  of  the  five-day  week  for 
all  Civil  Servants  and  postal  employees. 

4.  Reinstatement  of  the  36i-hour  work 
week  for  administrative  staffs  and  introduc- 
tion of  the  40-hour  work  week  for  postal 
employees. 

5.  Better  facilities  in  Unemployment  In- 
surance Commission  offices  for  serving  the 
public. 

6.  Establishment  of  labour-management 
production  committees  in  the  Unemploy- 
ment Insurance  Commission. 

7.  Payment  of  the  same  wages  to  and 
establishment  of  the  same  working  con- 
ditions for  Dominion  Experimental  Farm 
employees  as  for  other  government 
employees  in  the  district. 

Immigration 

Again  this  year  the  TLC  found  fault 
with  Canada's  immigration  policy,  urged  a 
restriction  of  immigration  during  the 
winter  months,  recommended  transferral  of 
the  responsibility  for  immigration  to  the 
Department  of  Labour  and  called  for  the 
creation  of  an  immigration  commission 
"having  equal  representation  from  Labour, 
Management  and  Government". 

A  three-pronged  resolution  drafted  by 
the  resolutions  committee  as  a  substitute 
for  two  submitted  by  local  unions  was 
approved  by  the  convention. 

Immigration  should  be  planned  in  rela- 
tion to  national  development  requirements, 
the  resolution  stated. 

Charges  that  the  Immigration  Depart- 
ment  was    not    giving    immigrants    a    true 


A  former  Vice-president  of  the  TLC 
has  been  re-admitted  to  the  Congress 
after  a  seven-year  ■  suspension.  Dele- 
gates to  this  year's  convention  unani- 
mously agreed  to  the  return  to  TLC 
ranks  of  Paul  Fournier  of  Montreal,  a 
member  of  the  United  Hatters,  Cap  and 
Millinery  Workers'  International  Union, 
who  served  as  a  TLC  Vice-president 
in  1943-44. 

President  Bengough,  recommending 
the  lifting  of  the  suspension,  told  the 
convention  that  "due  to  the  length  of 
time  I  feel  he  has  served  his  sentence". 

Mr.  Fournier  was  suspended  by  the 
TLC  executive  for  "vilifying"  the  Con- 
gress by  charging  that  it  was  Com- 
munist-dominated. The  suspension  was 
ratified  by  the  1946  convention. 


picture  of  conditions  in  Canada  and  was 
"peddling"  immigrants  "as  they  used  to 
peddle  slaves  many  years  ago"  were  made 
from  the   convention  floor. 

"There's  something  wrong  with  an  immi- 
gration policy  that  sends  government 
agents  abroad  to  bring  workers  to  this 
country  and  fails  to  inform  them  of  con- 
ditions they  must  meet  on  arrival,"  said 
J.  P.  McKay,  machinists'  union  delegate 
from  Windsor.  "It's  a  crime  the  way  these 
people  are  misinformed  and  uninformed 
about  our  way  of  life  in  Canada." 

R.  K.  Gervin,  newly-elected  TLC  Vice- 
president,  made  the  charge  that  immigrants 
were  being  peddled.  "At  the  present  time," 
he  asserted,  "the  Immigration  Department 
is  going  round  with  immigrants  in  this 
country  and  peddling  them  as  they  used 
to  peddle  slaves  many  years  ago."  Officials 
are  apparently  trying  to  destroy  the 
standards  of  living  created  over  the  years, 
he  charged,  declaring  that  immigrants  were 
sent  to  jobs  with  low  rates  of  pay  and 
long  hours  of  work. 

The  reason  why  immigration  should  be 
made  the  responsibility  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Labour,  the  resolution  stated,  was 
that  it  "maintains  considerable  contact 
with  employment  conditions  through  the 
National  Employment  Service". 

President  Bengough  reported  that  there 
was  close  co-operation  between  the  Immi- 
gration Department  and  the  Department 
of  Labour,  a  development  since  the  Con- 
gress first  began  to  make  representations 
to  the  Government  on  the  matter,  but 
added :  "There's  still  room  for  improve- 
ment." 


1279 


Housing 

Housing  was  described  as  "the  greatest 
national  emergency  facing  us  at  this  time" 
by  a  delegate  during  the  discussion  on 
several  resolutions  concerning  housing 
placed  before  the  convention. 

Nine  resolutions  on  the  subject  were 
submitted  by  local  unions.  Seven  were 
combined  into  a  substitute  resolution  by 
the  resolutions  committee.  The  substitute 
and  the  two  remaining  resolutions  were  all 
approved  by  the  convention. 

The  substitute  resolution,  calling  on  the 
TLC  to  continue  pressing  the  federal  Gov- 
ernment to  "accelerate  its  housing  program 
and  take  all  necessary  steps  to  make  avail- 
able low-cost  and  low-rent  homes  for 
medium  and  low-income  families,"  made 
three  specific  recommendations: — 

1.  That  existing  regulations  be  revised  to 
make  it  possible  for  anyone  to  obtain  a 
NHA  home  with  a  maximum  down  payment 
of  10  per  cent. 

2.  That  money  be  loaned  directly  to  lona 
fide  home  builders  at  a  lower  rate  of  interest 
(instead  of  guaranteeing  lending  institutions 
which  are  now  charging  over  5  per  cent). 

3.  .That  steps  be  taken  to  encourage 
municipalities  to  enter  into  agreements  for 
the  construction  of  low-rental  houses,  subsi- 
dized where  necessary,  so  that  workers  may 
obtain  good,  modern  homes  in  relation  to 
their  family  needs  rather  than  in  relation  to 
their  incomes,  and  to  assure  that  services, 
such  as  schools,  playgrounds,  community  and 
shopping  centres,  in  addition  to  water, 
sewers,  light,  power  and  pavements,  be 
provided. 

One  of  the  other  housing  resolutions 
asked  the  federal  Government  to  direct  the 
Central  Mortgage  and  Housing  Corpora- 
tion to  assign  some  of  its  staff  to  the  job 
of  illustrating  to  municipalities  the  "bene- 
ficial aspects"  of  Sections  35  and  12  of  the 
National  Housing  Act  and  of  encouraging 
municipalities  to  make  use  of  those  sec- 
tions. The  two  sections  referred  to  were 
recently  combined  to  permit  municipalities 
to  initiate  the  building  of  multiple  housing 
projects. 

Speaking  on  this  resolution,  Ford  Brand, 
Vice-president  of  the  Toronto  District 
Trades  and  Labour  Council,  said  the  time 
has  come  to  "stop  bickering  about  whether 
house  building  should  be  done  by  public 
enterprise  or  private  enterprise;  we  should 
press  the  municipalities  to  take  advantage 
of  the  National  Housing  Act  as  was  done 
in  the  Regents  Park  project"  in  Toronto. 

"You  have  to  educate  the  provincial 
governments  to  spend  their  share,  too," 
added  James  B.  Graham  of  the  Winnipeg 
carpenters'  local. 

The  third  housing  resolution  approved 
urged  a  decrease  in  the  acreage  limita- 
tion imposed  by  the  Veterans'  Land  Act. 


In  the  discussion  on  the  substitute 
resolution,  John  W.  Bruce  of  a  Toronto 
plumbers'  local  suggested  a  lengthening  of 
the  amortization  period  for  housing  loans. 
"If  the  amortization  period  were  length- 
ened even  five  years,"  he  said,  "a  lot  of 
border-line  cases  would  be  able  to  purchase 
homes." 

Other  delegates  said  that  Canada,  despite 
its  resources  and  high  living  standards, 
trailed  behind  Scandinavia  and  Britain  in 
housing,  that  rents  in  most  housing 
developments  were  still  too  high  for  most 
workers  and  that,  as  the  workmanship  on 
some  homes  was  poor  and  sloppy,  closer 
inspection  of  houses  under  construction 
should  be  enforced. 

Election  of  Officers 

All  members  of  the  TLC  executive 
council  but  one  were  re-elected  by  acclama- 
tion. The  only  contest  of  the  elections 
resulted  in  the  defeat  of  a  vice-president 
who  had  served  a  total  of  nine  terms  in 
that  office. 

President  Bengough  was  returned  for  his 
11th  term  at  the  helm  of  the  Congress. 
Others  re-elected  by  acclamation  were 
Secretary-Treasurer  Gordon  G.  Cushing  and 
Vice-Presidents  James  A.  Whitebone, 
William  Jenoves,  Claude  Jodoin  and  Carl 
E.  Berg. 

R.  K.  Gervin,  Chairman  of  the  British 
Columbia  Provincial  Executive  Committee 
and  Secretary  of  the  Vancouver,  New 
Westminster  and  District  Trades  and 
Labour  Council,  replaced  Birt  Showier  as 
Vice-President  for  British  Columbia.  The 
vote  was  320  to  229. 

Mr.  Showier  was  first  elected  a  vice- 
president  at  the  1943  convention.  He 
suffered  defeat  in  1947  but  regained  office 
the  following  year. 

Three  delegates  stood  for  election  as 
TLC  fraternal  delegate  to  the  British 
Trades  Union  Congress;  three  others  with- 
drew. Harry  Colnett,  Canadian  Organizer 
for  the  Brotherhood  of  Painters,  Decorators 
and  Paperhangers  of  America,  topped  the 
poll  with  358  votes.  A.  T.  Alsbury,  of  the 
Vancouver,  New  Westminster  and  District 
Trades  and  Labour  Council,  received  116 
votes  and  Doug  McAllister  of  Malton 
Lodge  717,  International  Association  of 
Machinists,  60.  Those  who  declined  nom- 
ination were  Robert  H.  Brown  of  Toronto 
Local  10,  International  Printing  Pressmen 
and  Assistants'  Union  of  North  America; 
Nelson  Cox,  Vice-President  in  Canada  of 
the      Journeymen     Barbers,      Hairdressers, 


1280 


The  TLC  executive  council  for  the  coming  year.  Front  row  (left  to  right)  :  James 
A.  Whitebone,  Vice-president  ( Mari times )  ;  Percy  R.  Bengough,  President;  William 
Jenoves,  Vice-President  (Ontario).  Back  row  (left  to  right):  R.  K.  Gervin,  Vice- 
president  (British  Columbia) ;  Claude  Jodoin.  Vice-president  (Quebec) ;  Carl  E. 
Berg,    Vice-president    (Prairies) ;    Gordon    G.    Cushing,    General    Secretary-Treasurer. 


Cosmetologists  and  Proprietors'  Interna- 
tional Union  of  America;  and  Reg.  Swan- 
borough,  Vice-President  in  Canada  of  the 
International  Association  of  Fire  Fighters. 
TLC  Secretary-Treasurer  Cushing  was 
unopposed  for  election  as  the  fraternal 
delegate  to  the  American  Federation  of 
Labour. 

Taxation 

Thirteen  resolutions  on  taxation  were 
submitted  by  local  bodies.  All  were  com- 
bined by  the  resolutions  committee  into 
one  substitute  resolution,  which  was 
approved  by  the  convention. 

The  resolution  adopted  called  for: — 

1.  The  raising  of  exemptions  to  $3,000 
for  married  persons,  SI, 500  for  single 
persons  and  $400  for  each  dependent  child. 

2.  The  exemption  of  amounts  spent  on 
tools  for  the  job,  on  tuition  fees  and  text- 
books and  on  medical  expenses. 

3.  Elimination  of  all  forms  of  sales  tax. 

4.  Re-imposition  of  the  100-per-cent 
excess  profits  tax. 


Pensions 

The  TLC  renewed  its  request  for  a 
universal  pension  at  age  65  for  men  and 
60  for  women.  Unlike  last  year's  resolu- 
tion on  this  subject,  which  did  not  specify 
an  amount,  this  year's  asked  that  the 
pension  be  $65  a  month. 

The  request  was  contained  in  a  substitute 
resolution  that  replaced  four  submitted  by 
local  unions.  Presented  to  the  delegates  in 
the  dying  minutes  of  the  convention,  the 
substitute  was  approved  without  debate. 

Other  resolutions  on  pensions  were  dis- 
cussed earlier  in  the  session.  One  requested 
payment  of  at  least  half  the  pension  paid 
to  blind  persons  over  the  age  of  21  under 
the  Blind  Persons  Act  to  blind  persons 
between  the  ages  of  16  and  21.  Another 
asked  that  regulations  be  changed  to 
permit  a  continuous  absence  of  six  months 
in  any  24-month  period  without  cessation 
of  pension.  (Present  regulations  permit 
three  months  absence  in  any  calendar  year.) 

A  resolution  asking  for  pensions  for 
widows  from   the   age   of  50   was   amended 


1281 


so  that  it  urged  that  any  national  scheme 
of  social  security  include  pensions  for 
widows. 

A  resolution  suggesting  that  the  TLC 
request  the  setting  up  of  a  pension  plan 
along  the  lines  of  unemployment  insurance 
and  on  the  same  basis  of  deductions  and 
contributions  so  that  it  could  be  carried 
from  one  place  of  employment  to  another 
was  amended  by  the  resolutions  committee 
to  request  the  Congress  to  set  up  a 
committee  to  investigate  the  feasibility  of 
such  a  plan. 

Convention  Speakers 

Percy  R.  Bengough 

In  his  presidential  address,  Percy  R. 
Bengough  enumerated  the  legislative  and 
administrative  changes  the  TLC  would  con- 
tinue to  seek  from  the  federal  Government, 
bitterly  condemned  international  Com- 
munism for  its  treatment  of  East  Berlin's 
striking  workers,  commented  favourably  on 
the  recent  passage  of  the  federal  Fair 
Employment  Practices  Act  and  took  pride 
in  the  continuing  growth  of  the  Congress. 
He  devoted  the  largest  part  of  his  speech 
to  the  TLC's  demands  for  a  national  health 
insurance  scheme. 

It  is  16  years  since  the  Trades  and 
Labour  Congress  last  met  in  convention  in 
Ottawa,  he  recalled  in  his  opening  remarks. 
"Sixteen  years  seems  a  long  time,  but  it 
really  isn't  when  we  remember  that  it  is 
only  one-fifth  of  the  time  this  Congress 
has  been  functioning  in  the  interests  of 
its  affiliated  membership.  This  year — 1953 
— marks  our  80th  birthday. 

"Eighty  years  ago  in  Toronto,  trade 
unionists  of  the  1870's  called  together  the 
first  convention  on  a  national  basis  which 
set  the  goals  and  foundations  of  The 
Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada. 
What  they  believed  was  right;  what  they 
did  bore  fruit;  what  they  envisaged  we 
now  enjoy." 

When  the  TLC  met  in  Ottawa  in  1937, 
Mr.  Bengough  continued,  its  affiliated 
membership  was  just  over  140,000;  today 
it  exceeds  550,000.  "In  other  words,  wTe 
who  are  here  today  represent  four  times 
as  many  organized  workers  in  all  parts 
of  Canada  as  did  the  delegates  who  met 
in  this  city  16  years  ago." 

Building  on  the  firm  foundation  that 
has  been  laid,  and  using  the  experience  and 
gains  of  those  who  went  before,  through 
our  organized  effort,  he  stated,  substantial 
improvements  to  laws  and  governmental 
practices  have  been  obtained. 

"However  much  we  would  like  to  see 
further  changes  and  improvements  in  our 


present  laws,  we  can  say  that  the  prin- 
ciples which  have  been  laid  down  in  our 
social  security  and  labour  legislation  are 
sound.  In  particular,  our  unemployment 
insurance  and  our  old  age  pensions  are 
well  established  on  the  very  best  founda- 
tions and  principles.  In  both  cases  the 
rights  of  the  workers  are  firmly  established. 
In  neither  case  are  the  benefits  paid  as  a 
gift  from  a  benevolent  government.  In 
both  cases  what  is  received  by  way  of 
benefits  amounts  in  fact  to  a  return  of 
contributions  paid  in  by  the  workers  when 
they  were  gainfully  employed. 

"We  want  to  see  the  age  limits  for  old 
age  pensions  reduced.  We  want  the  monthly 
payments  increased.  We  want  the  coverage 
and  provisions  of  the  Unemployment  In- 
surance Act  extended.  These  are  immediate 
and  necessary  goals  of  our  Congress  today." 

Enactment  last  session  of  the  Fair 
Employment  Practices  Act,  to  prevent  dis- 
crimination in  employment  under  federal 
jurisdiction  on  grounds  of  race,  colour, 
national  origin  or  religion,  Mr.  Bengough 
held  up  as  "one  of  the  greatest  advances 
we  have  ever  made  in  our  social  laws  and 
marks  up  a  first  for  Canada,  since  no  other 
nation  in  the  world  has  such  a  law  on  a 
national  basis." 

Important  tasks  await  the  new  Parlia- 
ment, the  delegates  were  told.  Among 
those  mentioned  were  the  revision  of  the 
Criminal  Code,  which  during  the  last 
session  of  Parliament  was  referred  to  a 
special   committee. 

"We  have  also  been  asking  that  the 
Unemployment  Insurance  Act  be  extended 
to  cover  loss  of  income  of  workers  who 
are  unemployed  due  to  illness.  An  amend- 
ment to  the  Act  was  approved  at  the  last 
session  and  went  into  effect  on  August  3, 
but  it  was  not  an  answer  to  our  request 
for  the  Act's  extension  in  this  direction. 

"In  making  our  request  for  the  exten- 
sion of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 
to  cover  unemployment  due  to  illness,  I 
know  that  there  has  been  some  anxiety 
created  on  the  grounds  that  we  were  water- 
ing down  our  request  for  a  national  health 
insurance  plan.  Nothing  could  be  farther 
from  the   truth." 

Unemployment  insurance,  Mr.  Bengough 
continued,  is  a  scheme  which  provides  for 
contributions  from  employees,  employers 
and  government  and  for  the  payment  of 
benefits  to  insured  persons  when  they 
become  unemployed.  "We  know,"  he  said, 
"this  principle  to  be  sound  and  that  it  has 
worked  well  in  practice.  It  is  the  fact 
of  unemployment  and  not  the  cause  of 
unemployment  that  results  in  the  payment 
of  benefits. . . 


282 


"We  consider  that  unemployment  due  to 
illness  is  just  as  serious  for  the  worker  and 
his  family  as  is  unemployment  due  to  any 
other  cause.  The  loss  of  income  in  both 
cases  causes  great  hardship.  In  asking  for 
an  extension  of  the  Unemployment  Insur- 
ance Act  to  cover  loss  of  income  due  to 
unemployment  caused  by  illness,  we  are 
thus  maintaining  in  full  the  principle  of 
unemployment  insurance,  and  we  are  not 
in  any  stretch  of  the  imagination  seek- 
ing" any  financial  aid  for  the  payment  of 
doctors'  or  hospital  bills.  Even  though  a 
worker  may  be  receiving  payment  for 
doctors'  and  hospital  bills  he  is  still  without 
a  pay  cheque  and  in  need  of  funds.  Under 
any  circumstances  we  have  to  oppose  the 
iniquities  that  would  arise  in  having  a 
means  test  in  any  such  legislation." 

When,  said  Mr.  Bengough,  the  Govern- 
ment in  reply  to  the  TLC  request  for  such 
an  extension  of  the  Unemployment  Insur- 
ance Act  claimed  that  it  woulcl  be  uncon- 
stitutional, Congress  obtained  legal  opinion 
from  one  of  Canada's  leading  constitutional 
authorities,  Prof.  F.  R.  Scott  of  the  Law 
Department  of  McGill  University.  Prof. 
Scott  gave  as  his  opinion  that  "the  Parlia- 
ment of  Canada  has  jurisdiction  to  include 
sickness  and  disability  among  the  causes 
of  unemployment  compensated  by  the 
fund." 

The  proposal,  Mr.  Bengough  added, 
was  fully  constitutional.  The  Government 
admitted  this  fact  when  it  sponsored  an 
amendment  to  the  Act  making  it  legal  for 
the  Commission  to  continue  the  payment 
of  benefits  to  unemployed  workers  in 
receipt  of  benefits  who  become  ill  while 
unemployed.  "It  is,  therefore,"  he  con- 
cluded, "my  earnest  hope  that  the  dele- 
gates will  reaffirm  their  strong  desire  for 
such  an  extension  of  the  Act." 

Turning  to  international  affairs,  Mr.  Ben- 
gough said:  "We  in  this  Congress  accept 
our  international  responsibilities  especially 
in  these  troubled  days  of  the  aftermath 
of  World  War  II.  Nor  can  we  forget, 
despite  the  current  thaw  in  the  cold  war, 
and  the  reaching  of  an  armistice  in  Korea, 
that  international  Communism  through  its 
enslaving  dictatorship  in  Moscow  is  the 
outright  foe  of  democracy  and  all  free 
trade  unions.  If  proof  were  needed  that  the 
Kremlin  is  completely  opposed  to  free 
trade  unions  and  the  exercise  of  any  vestige 
of  freedom  by  the  workers,  we  have  it  in 
the  most  glaring  form  by  their  actions  in 
East  Berlin.  There,  only  a  few  weeks  ago, 
workers  who  went  on  strike  to  better  their 


conditions  were  met  with  Soviet  tanks  and 
guns  and  the  ban  on  strikes  has  since  been 
murderously   enforced. 

"Whatever  the  present  and  immediate 
future  may  hold  in  international  affairs  we 
shall  have  to  remain  ever  on  the  alert  for 
new  actions  and  activities  of  the  agents  of 
conspiracy,  and,  in  particular,  any  attempts 
which  they  may  make  to  insinuate  them- 
selves  into   our  organizations." 

Mr.  Bengough,  then  referring  to  the 
report  of  the  TLC  Permanent  Committee 
on  Government  Employees,  said  that 
representations  of  the  Congress  had  not 
gone  unheeded  and  that  many  improve- 
ments had  been  made.  Although  the  federal 
Government  had  withheld  adoption  of  the 
five-day  work  week  of  not  more  than  40 
hours  on  a  nation-wide,  year-round  basis, 
it  has  been  put  into  effect  in  26  cities,  in 
the  Government  Printing  Bureau  and  in 
the  Halifax  Dockyard.  Order  in  Council 
P.C.  6190,  governing  the  working  condi- 
tions of  Government  hourly-paid  employees, 
has  been  substantially  amended,  he  said, 
one  of  the  principal  gains  being  the  granting 
of  sick-leave  benefits  on  the  basis  of  nine 
days  a  year,  cumulative  from  year  to  year. 

"I  have  highlighted  these  facts,"  Mr. 
Bengough  said,  "because  I  wish  to  stress 
that  these  improvements  did  not  fall  out 
of  a  tree;  they  were  not  the  gifts  of  a 
benevolent  government.  Our  Congress  was 
successful  in  gaining  these  adjustments 
because  our  members  in  government  em- 
ployment were  organized  and  because 
through  our  Committee  we  were  able  to 
co-ordinate  our  efforts.  At  the  same  time, 
I  think  we  can  very  justifiably  commend 
our  Government  for  these  improvements." 

Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg 

The  end  of  hostilities  in  Korea  will  not 
curtail  Canada's  industrial  and  national 
expansion,  the  convention  was  assured  by 
Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  of  Labour. 

"The  conflict  in  ideologies  in  the  world 
today  has  certainly  not  been  resolved  with 
the  end  of  hostilities  in  Korea,"  he  said. 
"Therefore  our  defence  program  must  con- 
tinue. But  even  if  this  were  not  so,  the 
potentialities  of  Canada's  natural  resources 
are  so  great  that  there  will  be  mighty 
peaceful  tasks  for  this  generation,  and 
many  to  come,  in  bringing  about  their 
development." 

In  his  address,  his  fourth  to  a  TLC  con- 
vention since  his  appointment  to  the 
Labour  portfolio  in  1950,  the  Minister  gave 
a  brief  review  of  the  TLC's  80-year  history, 
told  the  delegates  that  Congress  briefs  to 
the  Cabinet  had  had  an  influence  on  recent 
labour    legislation,    outlined    some    of    the 


1283 


The  TLC  President  with  the  fraternal  delegates  from  the  TUC  and  the  AFL.  On  the 
left  is  Toney  Gallo,  Secretary-Treasurer  of  the  United  Cement,  Lime  and  Gypsum 
Workers'  International  Union,  fraternal  delegate  from  the  AFL.  On  the  right  is 
Arthur  Deakin,  Vice-chairman  of  the  TUC  general  council  and  Secretary-Treasurer 
of   the   Transport   and   General   Workers'   Union,   fraternal   delegate   from    the   TUC. 


challenges  that  still  confront  Canadian 
Labour,  commented  on  the  value  of  labour- 
management  production  committees  and 
praised  the  Congress  for  its  participation  in 
international  labour  organizations. 

In  his  very  first  words,  he  also  conveyed 
the  Government's  regrets  that  the  federal 
election  date  conflicted  with  the  conven- 
tion's opening  day.  He  told  the  delegates 
that  he  hoped  some  change  could  be  made 
in  the  election  laws  so  that  situations  of 
this  kind  could  be  avoided  in  the  future. 
When  setting  the  election  date,  he  pointed 
out,  the  Cabinet  had  to  take  many  factors 
into  consideration. 

The  fact  that  the  TLC  is  celebrating  its 
80th  anniversary  this  year  was  recognized 
by  Mr.  Gregg,  who  devoted  almost  half  of 
his  speech  to  a  review  of  Congress  history. 
"The  list  of  men  and  women  who  have 
contributed  to  the  building  of  the  Trades 
and  Labour  Congress  through  the  past  80 
years  is  an  impressive  one,"  he  said.  "They 
have  seen  to  it  that  Labour  has  not  been 
selfishly  independent  of  general  Canadian 
development." 

The  Minister  of  Labour  described  the 
contrast  between  the  1874  convention  in 
Ottawa  of  the  Canadian  Labour  Union — 
at  which  there  were  only  15  delegates — 
and  this  year's  convention  of  the  TLC. 


"Any  review  of  legislation,"  he  con- 
tinued, "shows  the  effect  of  the  work  that 
you  and  your  predecessors  carry  on  at 
meetings  such  as  this.  Unemployment  insur- 
ance, our  old-age  security  program,  fair 
employment  practices  legislation,  labour 
relations  legislation — these  and  other  legis- 
lation and  legislative  amendments  have  all 
been  strongly  influenced  by  your  work." 

Turning  to  the  challenges  that  confront 
labour  today,  Mr.  Gregg  remarked  that  the 
TLC  would  obviously  continue  to  seek 
the  improvement  of  working  conditions  and 
economic  welfare  and  that  in  doing  so 
would  "bear  in  mind  the  economic  needs 
and  aspirations  of  the  people  of  Canada 
as  a  whole".  A  further  challenge,  he  pointed 
out,  is  the  maintenance  of  our  democratic 
way  of  life. 

"I  am  strongly  of  the  view  that  one  of 
the  most  significant  accomplishments  of 
unions  and  employers  in  recent  years  has 
been  the  establishment  of  the  collective 
agreement  as  the  rock  on  which  labour- 
management  relations  are  founded,"  he 
said.  "Through  this  document  the  position 
of  the  worker  engaged  in  the  production 
process  has  changed:  he  now  has  greater 
security  within  our  developing  industrial 
democracy." 


1284 


The  TUC  fraternal  delegate,  Arthur  Deakin,  presents  to  TLC  President  Bengough  a 
"historic  emblem  of  the  great  fight  and  struggle  of  trade  unionism,"  a  replica  of 
a  mace  used  in  the  London  dock  strike  of  1889  by  the  striking  dock  workers  to 
protect  the  boxes  in  which  they  were  collecting  financial  contributions;  "an  emblem 
of  authority,"   Mr.   Deakin   called   it.      At   left   is   TLC   Secretary-Treasurer    Cushing. 


The  development  of  a  relationship  that 
permits  more  successful  administration  of 
the  collective  agreement,  and  of  a  readi- 
ness to  use  such  instruments  as  labour- 
management  production  committees,  has 
led  to  the  improvements  in  productivity 
to  which  we  look  for  continued  gains  in  our 
standard  of  living,  the  Minister  said. 

"It  is  by  practising  industrial  democracy 
and  strongly  increased  productivity  with 
its  diffusion  among  all  our  citizens,  and 
peoples  of  other  countries,  that  we  can 
maintain  our  democratic  ways  and  institu- 
tions," he  declared. 

He  was  gratified  to  know  that  Canadian 
labour  was  not  confining  itself  to  an 
interest  in  its  own  problems  but  was  par- 
ticipating actively  in  international  organi- 
zations such  as  the  ICFTU.  He  described 
his  impressions  of  the  recent  International 
Labour  Organization  conference  at  Geneva, 
paying  tribute  to  the  work  of  the  two 
TLC  representatives  who  were  members  of 
the  Canadian  delegation  to  that  conference. 

"I  am  confident  that  you  will  see  to 
it  that  your  endeavours  here  will  be  of 
the  maximum  benefit  to  our  whole  nation," 
Mr.  Gregg  concluded.  The  Department  of 
Labour  will  continue  to  co-operate  fully  and 


cordially  with   the  leaders  of  the  "mature 
and  progressive"  TLC,  he  promised. 

Hon.   Leslie   M.   Frost 

Ontario's  Premier,  Hon.  Leslie  M.  Frost, 
brought  the  province's  greetings  to  the 
delegates  on  the  convention's  third  morn- 
ing. The  federal  election  coincided  with 
the  convention's  opening  day,  he  reminded 
the  delegates,  and  this  prevented  his 
appearance  during  the  opening  ceremonies. 

Saying  that  he  had  heard  that  the 
delegates  had  complained  of  the  loss  of 
their  vote  on  election  day,  he  pointed  out 
that  Ontario  had  changed  its  election  laws 
to  permit  anyone  who  was  to  be  away  from 
home  on  a  provincial  election  day  to  vote 
at  an  advance  poll.  (The  federal  Election 
Act  permits  only  certain  classes  of  workers 
to  vote  in  advance.)  He  suggested  that  the 
TLC  could  make  suggestions  for  further 
improvement  in  the  Ontario  law. 

Premier  Frost,  who  followed  Rev.  F.  A. 
Marrocco  on  the  platform  (see  below),  said 
his  interest  in  co-operative  housing  had 
been  aroused  by  the  previous  speaker.  He 
indicated  that  Ontario  was  ready  to  offer 
assistance  to  such  projects  and,  if  present 
legislation  did  not  permit  this,  would  make 
the  necessary  amendments. 


1285 


Accompanying  Premier  Frost  was  Robert 
Saunders,  Chairman  of  the  Ontario  Hydro 
Electric  Power  Commission,  who  spoke 
briefly  of  the  good  relations  existing 
between  the  Commission  and  the  AFL 
unions  on  power  developments  at  Niagara 
Falls. 

Arthur  Deakin 

The  man  who  played  a  prominent  part 
in  the  formation  of  the  International  Con- 
federation of  Free  Trade  Unions,  and  has 
never  been  forgiven  by  the  Communists 
for  doing  so,  and  who  advocated  wage 
restraint  in  Britain  after  the  war,  and  was 
often  criticized  by  his  fellow  unionists  for 
doing  so,  told  the  TLC  his  reasons  for  both 
actions  when  he  addressed  the  convention 
as  fraternal  delegate  from  the  Trades  Union 
Congress. 

Arthur  Deakin,  Vice-chairman  of  the 
TUC  general  council,  Secretary-Treasurer 
of  the  Transport  and  General  Workers' 
Union  and  a  Vice-President  of  the  ICFTU, 
told  the  delegates  he  had  detected  the 
"sinister  forces"  at  work  in  the  1949  strike 
of  the  Canadian  Seamen's  Union  and  had 
warned  British  workers  not  to  become 
involved  in  it.  "I  think  we  did  Canada  and 
Canadian  seamen  a  favour  by  not  becoming 
involved,"  he  said. 

In  his  speech  Mr.  Deakin,  a  trade 
unionist  since  the  age  of  14,  gave 
answers  to  questions  surrounding  the  "split" 
between  the  TUC  and  the  British  Labour 
Party,  the  "welfare  state"  and  the  relations 
between  the  TUC  and  the  present  British 
Government. 

At  the  beginning  of  his  address  he  com- 
plimented the  TLC  on  the  ability  of  its 
leaders,  past  and  present,  and  spoke 
proudly  of  the  union  leaders  from  his  own 
country.  "The  British  trade  union  move- 
ment has  a  great  deal  of  experience,"  he 
said.  "Its  voice  in  the  international  field  is 
listened  to  with  respect." 

He  stressed  the  fact  that  trade  union 
problems  were  the  same  the  world  over. 
"Your  problems  are  our  problems,"  he  said. 
"Our  approach  to  the  solution  may  be 
different  but  the  answer  of  the  trade  union 
movement  the  world  over  is  the  same: 
improve  living  standards  and  enhance 
human   dignity." 

The  answer  to  questions  he  had  been 
asked  about  the  "split"  between  the  Trades 
Union  Congress  and  the  British  Labour 
Party,  he  said,  was  simple.  He  pointed  out 
that  constitutionally  there  was  no  actual 
connection  between  the  Congress  and  the 
Party  but  that  individual  unions  affiliated 
to    the    Congress   were    at    the   same    time 


affiliated  to  the  Labour  Party.  A  trade 
union's  primary  responsibility  was  to  its 
membership,  he  explained,  and  they  could 
never  let  themselves  become  the  objects 
of  political  expediency.  Those  who  anti- 
cipated a  period  of  tension  between  the 
unions  and  the  Labour  Party  were  "guilty 
of  wishful  thinking,"  he  added. 

He  had  been  asked:  "Doesn't  the  welfare 
state  sap  initiative  and  destroy  competi- 
tion". 

"Cut-throat  competition  with  low  wages 
and  bad  conditions  of  employment  is  not 
the  incentive  needed,"  he  declared. 

Mr.  Deakin  explained  that  the  trade 
union  point  of  view  concerning  the  welfare 
state  was:  (1)  the  job  of  government  is 
to  provide  the  greatest  possible  measure 
of  social  security  with  progressive  improve- 
ment of  living  standards,  and  to  plan  the 
economy  so  that  full  employment  is  main- 
tained. (2)  To  give  effect  to  those  two 
ideas  there  must  be  the  greatest  possible 
measure  of  consultation  between  govern- 
ment, employers  associations  and  organized 
labour. 

In  answer  to  questions  of  the  relation- 
ship between  the  trade  union  movement 
and  the  present  Conservative  Government 
in  Britain,  he  said  it  was  "precisely"  what 
it  was  when  the  Labour  Party  formed  the 
Government.  "We  did  not  say  we  would 
sit  tight  until  we  got  a  Government  suited 
to  us,"  he  said.  "We  have  taken  our  full 
part  in  government  bodies.  Our  attitude 
to  any  government  is  dictated  by  the 
policies  they  pursue." 

He  pointed  out  that  one  of  the  govern- 
mental bodies  on  which  the  TUC  was 
represented  was  the  Productivity  Council. 
"If  you  have  good  agreements  and  yet 
have  no  work  to  do  to  earn  the  money  to 
meet  those  agreements,  you  have  nothing," 
he  said.  "That  is  why  we  co-operate  with 
the  Government  in  efforts  to  increase 
productivity." 

Mr.  Deakin  stated  that  wages,  prices  and 
profits  had  been  an  acute  question  in 
Britain  for  seven  years  and  that  he  himself 
had  been  criticized  for  having  recom- 
mended wage  restraint  on  the  part  of  trade 
unions.  A  country's  currency  should  have 
the  greatest  possible  stability,  he  said. 
"What  matters  most  to  the  worker  is  not 
how  much  he  gets  per  week  but  how  much 
that  wage  will  buy."  During  the  period  in 
office  of  the  Labour  government,  prices  had 
been  kept  stable  by  means  of  subsidies;  the 
present  Government  has  reduced  subsidies, 
he  stated,  and  the  increased  costs  are  being 
passed  on  to  the  consumers. 


1286 


The  last  part  of  Mr.  Deakin's  speech 
was  a  scathing  attack  on  Communism  and 
the  Communist-dominated  World  Federa- 
tion of  Trade  Unions. 

"I  have  never  been  forgiven  (by  the 
Communists)  for  leading  the  walkout  of 
the  free  trade  unions  from  the  WFTU,"  he 
said.  "I  tried  to  work  with  the  peoples 
of  the  East  in  the  face  of  the  conspiracy 
against  human  beings,"  he  explained,  but  it 
became  evident  from  1945  onwards  that  the 
WFTU  "was  being  used  as  a  political 
instrument  for  the  furtherance  of  com- 
munism. 

"Communism  is  not  a  political  faith,"  he 
exclaimed.  "It  is  a  conspiracy  against 
humanity  and  human  dignity.  The  purpose 
of  international  Communism  is  plain;  the 
object  of  attack  is  the  trade  union  move- 
ment in  the  free  countries  of  the  world." 

Mr.  Deakin  received  a  standing  ovation 
at  the  conclusion  of  his  speech. 

Toney  Gallo 

"To  neglect  political  action  is  to  court 
political  attack,"  said  Toney  Gallo,  AFL 
fraternal  delegate  to  the  TLC  convention, 
explaining  why  the  AFL  had  entered  "the 
political  arena". 

Mr.  Gallo,  Secretary-Treasurer  of  the 
United  Cement,  Lime  and  Gypsum  Work- 
ers' International  Union,  pointed  out  that 
the  AFL  had  "certain  basic  social  and 
economic  objectives  that  can  be  realized 
only  through  legislation  and  not  through 
collective  bargaining  alone.  The  achieve- 
ment of  these  goals  can  only  be  through 
political  action;  therefore  it  is  our  job 
to  rally  our  forces  in  the  political  field." 

The  political  arm  of  the  AFL,  Labour's 
League  for  Political  Education,  has  now 
been  placed  on  a  year-round  basis,  he 
reported.  "Its  objective,"  Mr.  Gallo  ex- 
plained, "is  not  to  develop  an  army  of 
voting  puppets  but  to  do  its  part  in 
developing  a  more  informed  and  politically- 
alert  citizenry  who  will  demand  better 
public  office  holders  who  will  see  that 
our  democracy  will  serve  all  of  the 
people." 

Earlier,  the  AFL  fraternal  delegate  des- 
cribed American  Labour's  opinion  of  the 
new  Administration  in  the  United  States. 
Although  the  AFL  had  urged  support  of 
the  new  President's  opponent,  it  had 
accepted  the  decision  of  the  American 
people  and  after  the  election  had  pledged 
co-operation  and  support  to  President 
Eisenhower,  he  said.  It  was  elated  at  the 
appointment  of  Martin  P.  Durkin  as 
Secretary  of  Labour.  But  the  record  of  the 
83rd  Congress  was  not  looked  on  with 
favour  by  American  Labour. 


Jack  Cauley 

A  way  to  reduce  the  costs  of  hospitaliza- 
tion and  to  relieve  the  shortage  of  hospital 
staffs  was  suggested  to  the  convention  by 
Jack  Cauley,  Vice-Chairman  of  the  Ontario 
Workmen's  Compensation  Board,  who 
spoke  on  the  first  morning  of  the  conven- 
tion. 

A  series  of  convalescent  hospitals  like 
that  operated  by  the  Ontario  Workmen's 
Compensation  Board  at  Malton,  he  said, 
would  cost  less  than  conventional  hospitals 
to  build  and  maintain,  would  halve  the 
cost  of  treatment  and  would  release  a 
"flood"  of  staff  and  beds  for  active  cases. 

"We  have  found,"  he  reported,  "that 
more  than  90  per  cent  of  our  patients  do 
not  require  the  facilities  of  an  active  hos- 
pital for  more  than  seven  days." 

Mr.  Cauley,  whose  address  came  even 
before  that  of  President  Bengough,  indicat- 
ing the  emphasis  that  the  TLC  was  placing 
on  hospitalization  at  this  year's  conven- 
tion, cited  the  case  histories  of  six  injured 
workers  whose  treatment  the  Ontario  Board 
supervised.    All  had  suffered  broken  hips. 

The  Malton  convalescent  centre  had 
accommodation  for  only  two  of  them.  Two 
were  sent  to  a  general  hospital  and  later 
to  Malton,  two  were  treated  entirely  in 
a  general  hospital.  The  two  who  went 
directly  to  Malton  were  discharged  first, 
those  treated  entirely  in  hospital  last.  The 
recovery  of  the  first  two  was  complete 
while  that  of  the  two  who  went  only  to 
the  general  hospital,  despite  their  much 
longer  treatment  period,  was  not  complete. 

"A  convalescent  hospital  costs  only  a 
third  of  what  it  costs  to  build  an  active 
hospital  and  treatment  there  costs  only 
half  as  much  as  in  a  general  hospital,"  he 
told  the  delegates.  "And  more  convalescent 
hospitals  would  release  a  flood  of  staff  and 
beds  for  active  cases." 

Mr.  Cauley  also  accused  the  medical 
profession  of  opposing,  as  the  "first  step 
towards  socialized  medicine,"  the  extension 
of  workmen's  compensation  and  charged  it 
with  failing  to  exercise  proper  control  over 
its    members. 

Rev.  F.  A.  Marrocco 

Co-operative  house-building,  with  pro- 
spective owners  contributing  their  own 
labour,  was  suggested  to  the  convention 
delegates,  as  a  wray  for  workers  with  low 
incomes  to  obtain  their  own  homes,  by 
Rev.  F.  A.  Marrocco,  Director  of  the  Social 
Action  Department,  Canadian  Catholic 
Conference. 


1287 


Under  a  co-operative  housing  plan,  he 
explained,  "people  incorporate  into  housing 
groups,  buy  land  together,  buy  materials 
together,  hire  labour  together  and,  in  their 
spare  time,  work  together  to  build  homes 
for    one    another." 

Such  plans  do  not  deprive  building 
workers  of  employment,  he  declared. 
Because  an  income  in  excess  of  $3,000  a 
year  is  required  to  finance  a  house  today, 
three-quarters  of  Canadian  worker  families 
have  no  hope  of  buying  homes  without 
special  assistance.  Under  a  co-operative 
housing  plan  they  can  have  a  home  for 
$7,000,  which  sum  includes  the  cost  of 
hiring  skilled  labour  for  certain  jobs  and 
also  the  cost  of  supervision  by  a  contractor, 
he   explained. 

He  warned  that  co-operative  building 
could  not  be  successful  unless  those  par- 
ticipating first  educated  themselves  for  the 
task.  Educational  material  had  been  pre- 
pared by  the  Department,  he  said. 

Moshe  Bitan 

"Israel,  due  to  the  guidance  of  Labour, 
is  a  showcase  of  western  democracy,"  the 
TLC  convention  was  told  by  Moshe  Bitan, 
North  American  representative  of  Histadrut 
(General  Federation  of  Labour).  "I  believe 
it  is  an  example  to  other  under-developed 
countries." 

What  Israel  is  trying  to  do — build  a  new 
country  under  labour  control — may  be  of 
interest  to  many  other  countries  that  are 
under-developed  and  where  the  workers 
are  unorganized,  he  pointed  out.  The  lot 
of  the  common  man  is  changing  in  the 
Middle  East  because  of  the  part  the  labour 
movement  has  played  in  Israel,  he  said. 

"Free  labour  unions  have  come  to  under- 
stand that  their  fate  is  linked  together; 
you  cannot  have  peace  and  prosperity  in 
one  country  if  you  don't  have  it  in 
another,"  Mr.  Bitan  declared.  "In  the 
ICFTU  we  are  building  together  a  family 
of  free  labour  throughout  the  world." 

Histadrut,  he  reported,  now  represents 
half  a  million  organized  workers  in  a  popu- 
lation of  only  a  million  and  a  half.  It  has 
three  times  as  many  members  as  it  had 
five  years  ago. 

Lotteries 

A  resolution  that  attracted  both  support 
and  opposition  in  almost  equal  measure 
was  one  calling  for  the  establishment  of 
government-operated  lotteries.  So  evenly 
were  the  supporters  and  opponents  matched 
that,  after  two  hours  of  at-times-heated 
discussion,  a  show  of  hands  had  to  be 
called  for. 


Sponsors  of  the  resolution,  the  Quebec 
Federation  of  Labour,  pointed  out  that 
many  Canadians  are  buying  tickets  on 
lotteries  but  the  money  does  not  remain 
in  Canada,  and  that  the  revenue  from 
Canadian  lotteries  could  be  used  "to 
improve  social  services  and  eliminate  tag 
days." 

In  the  main,  supporters  of  the  resolution 
based  their  stand  on  two  points:  Canadians 
do  buy  lottery  tickets  (therefore  "let's 
make  it  legal"),  and  the  money  spent  on 
lotteries  should  remain  in  Canada. 

A  Hamilton  delegate  added  that  lotteries 
were  the  only  means  available  to  the  trades 
council  in  his  city  for  financing  charitable 
work  yet  it  had  been  "singled  out"  for 
prosecution  for  conducting  a  lottery. 

The  opposition  presented  a  variety  of 
reasons  why  the  resolution  should  be 
defeated.  Ford  Brand,  Vice-president  of 
the  Toronto  District  Trades  and  Labour 
Council,  pointed  out  how  inconsistent  the 
convention  would  be  if  it  demanded 
lotteries  as  a  means  of  improving  social 
services  after  having  previously  adopted  a 
resolution  demanding  a  national  health 
plan.  "Do  we  want  a  national  health  plan 
or  lotteries  in  aid  of  hospitals?"  he  asked. 

H.  Lees,  of  a  Toronto  local  of  the 
plumbers'  union,  declared  that  lotteries  are 
usually  used  "to  patch  up  holes  in  faulty 
social  legislation.  I  would  rather  see  us 
strive  for  better  social  legislation  than  to 
have  the  holes  patched  up,"  he  said. 

Another  Toronto  delegate,  Les  Hood  of 
the  Canadian  Postal  Employees'  Associa- 
tion, asserted  that  a  labour  organization 
"has  no  business"  requesting  lotteries 
because  "lotteries  will  not  help  this 
country". 

One  delegate  pointed  out  that  many 
resolutions  adopted  by  the  convention  had 
shown  that  workers  can  not  live  comfort- 
ably; "how,  then,  can  we  afford  lotteries?" 
he  asked.  Others  insisted  that  gambling 
was  immoral. 

Roger  Provost,  secretary  of  the  resolu- 
tions committee,  who  is  also  President  of 
the  organization  sponsoring  the  resolution, 
ended  the  debate  with  a  summary  of  the 
pro-lottery  case.  "Lotteries  are  legal  in 
Ireland,"  he  said,  "and  I  don't  think  the 
people  there  are  any  more  immoral  than 
we  are.  As  long  as  lotteries  are  illegal 
here,  we  don't  know  whether  we're  buying 
a  genuine  ticket  or  a  counterfeit." 

He  then  reminded  the  convention  that 
"the  resolution  doesn't  say  that  any  one 
can  stand  on  a  street  corner  and  sell  lottery 
tickets." 


1288 


When  the  show  of  hands  was  called  for, 
it  was  found  the  supporters  outnumbered 
the  opponents  and  the  resolution  was 
adopted. 

Moral  Re-Armament 

At  great  length  and  with  considerable 
heat  the  convention  debated  the  merits  of 
Moral  Re-Armament  during  an  argument 
that  had  its  beginning  when  the  Trades 
and  Labour  Congress  Journal  published  in 
its  July  issue  an  editorial  criticizing  MRA. 
The  editorial  described  as  "particularly 
important  and  timely"  an  ICFTU  warning 
to  trade  unions  to  "spurn  any  connection" 
with  MRA. 

Since  the  issue  reached  the  floor  inci- 
dental to  the  debate  on  officers'  reports  and 
was  not  put  to  a  vote,  the  convention  took 
no  action  on  it. 

During  that  part  of  the  report  of  the 
committee  on  officers'  reports  that  dealt 
with  the  publication  of  the  Journal,  Frank 
Hall,  Vice-president  in  Canada  of  the 
Brotherhood  of  Railway  and  Steamship 
Clerks,  wanted  to  know  who  had  written 
the  editorial  and  whether  it  was  a  state- 
ment of  Congress  policy. 

"I  have  had  some  contact  with  MRA," 
he  said,  "but  if  it  is  as  pictured  in  this 
editorial  I  will  have  nothing  more  to  do 
with  it.  But  if  it  is  as  I  have  found  it — 
my  contact  has  been  beneficial  and  I  have 
never  found  them  to  have  done  any  harm 
to  the  labour  movement — then  we  may  well 
work  alongside  it." 

The  only  time  MRA  offered  him  advice, 
he  reported,  was  during  the  1950  railway 
strike.  A  sympathizer  came  to  his  hotel 
room  and  left  him  a  bottle  of  whisky,  he 
said,  and  later  an  MRA  member  came  and 
suggested  prayer.  "We  didn't  do  too 
badly  in  that  strike,"  he  reminded  the 
delegates.  "It  wasn't  because  of  the 
whisky;  maybe  it  was  because  of  the 
prayer." 

Mr.  Hall  said  the  President  of  his  own 
union,  George  M.  Harrison,  had  told  him: 
"As  far  as  I  know,  they  (MRA)  are  good 
people." 

"Labour  men  from  various  parts  of  the 
world  say  that  MRA  has  been  a  help  to 
them,"  he  concluded,  "and  has  brought 
them  from  their  Communist  views.  The 
question  in  my  mind  is  this:  Where  does 
the  TLC  stand?" 

TLC  Vice-President  Jodoin,  who  attended 
the  ICFTU  convention  that  composed  the 
warning  about  MRA,  said  he  supported  the 
ICFTU  stand.  "Members  can  follow  any 
religion  they  desire  but  on  an  industrial 
question   the   TLC   itself  is   competent   to 


Official  business  on  the  TLC  conven- 
tion's opening  day  was  interrupted 
briefly  so  that  delegates  could  take  note 
of  the  completion  of  50  year's  union 
membership  by  one  of  their  vice- 
presidents. 

It  was  on  August  10,  1903,  that 
William  Jenoves  became  a  member  of 
the  Bricklayers,  Masons  and  Plasterers' 
International  Union  of  America.  He 
has  served  continuously  as  a  TLC 
Vice-president  since  1947. 

Delegates  applauded  loudly  the 
announcement  of  the  anniversary. 


negotiate  and  achieve  good  results  for  the 
workers  of  Canada."  There  is  no  need 
for  a  third  party  in  solving  labour  disputes, 
he  said. 

A  Windsor  delegate  said  the  TLC  con- 
stitution cortained  all  the  MRA  principles 
needed. 

Roger  Provost,  President  of  the  Quebec 
Provincial  Federation  of  Labour  and 
recently-appointed  Canadian  Director  of 
the  United  Textile  Workers  of  America, 
brought  the  debate  to  an  end  when  he 
said: — 

"We  resent  the  entry  of  a  third  party 
into  labour  disputes.  We  often  resent  the 
entry  of  labour  boards  into  our  business. 
I  feel  it  is  still  better  to  settle  differences 
between  employees  and  employers  directly 
rather  than  through  compromise  which  we 
are  embarrassed  to  explain  to  our  mem- 
bership." 

Education  Director 

Appointment  of  a  full-time  director  of 
education  and  establishment  of  a  depart- 
ment of  education  would  be  financially 
possible  with  an  increase  of  one  cent  a 
month  in  the  per  capita  tax,  the  committee 
on  officers'  reports  declared.  The  sugges- 
tion found  immediate  favour  with  the 
delegates. 

"Education  has  become  one  of  the  most 
important  functions  of  the  trade  union 
movement,"  said  Bernard  Shane  of  the 
International  Ladies'  Garment  Workers' 
Union  in  Montreal.  "Collective  bargaining 
is  intricate;  members  must  be  able  to 
understand  what  it  involves." 

William  Black  of  the  Vancouver  Hospital 
Employees'  Federal  Union  observed  that 
"there  is  more  to  the  trade  union  move- 
ment than  the  paying  of  union  dues; 
sometimes  we  fail  to  understand  the 
historical  background  of  the  movement." 

There  is  no  better  way  to  use  the 
finances  of  the  Congress  than  to  teach, 
commented  another  delegate. 


77966—4 


1289 


Max  Swerdlow,  present  Director  of 
Organization  and  Education,  expressed  com- 
plete agreement  with  the  suggestion.  "I 
have  tried  to  do  something  for  education 
since  my  appointment,"  he  told  the  dele- 
gates, "but  it  is  difficult  to  combine  two 
jobs." 

He  reminded  the  convention  that  the 
appointment  of  an  education  director  was 
"only  the  first  step".  The  assistance  of 
all  delegates  and  their  local  union  will  be 
needed  by  the  education  director,  he 
pointed  out. 

Other  Resolutions 

The  establishment  of  regional  schools  "as 
a  step  towards  the  goal  of  a  complete 
program  of  trade  union  education"  was 
strongly  urged  by  a  resolution  substituted 
for  one  advocating  TLC  sponsorship  of  an 
adult  education  system  and  one  recom- 
mending the  establishment  under  TLC 
control  of  a  labour  college. 

The  delegates  agreed  to  permit  the 
presentation  of  an  emergency  resolution  on 
the  Ontario  trucking  strike  that  requested 
the  TLC  "to  exercise  all  the  facilities  at 
its  command  to  persuade  the  Cabinet  of 
the  province  of  Ontario  to  stop  using  the 
Ontario  Provincial  Police  in  the  role  of 
strikebreakers".  The  resolution  was  unani- 
mously approved. 

A  resolution  asking  that  the  speeches  of 
fraternal  delegates  and  other  guests  be 
scheduled  only  for  the  convention's  opening 
day  was  carried  despite  the  recommenda- 
tion of  the  resolutions  committee  that  it 
be  rejected. 

Labour  Relations  Board 

A  resolution  urging  the  abolition  of  all 
provincial  labour  relations  boards  and  the 
return  to  the  Industrial  Disputes  and 
Investigation  Act  was  defeated  while  one 
urging  amendment  of  labour  relations  acts 
to  prohibit  labour  relations  boards  from 
"interfering  with  the  internal  affairs  of 
unions  applying  for  certification"  was 
carried. 

Another  resolution  adopted  urged  all 
TLC  affiliates  to  "strive  to  reach  their 
objectives  as  often  as  possible  without 
recourse  to  the  services  of  labour  relations 
boards". 

Trade 

The  broadening  of  Canada's  foreign 
trade  policy  to  include  trade  with  "all 
countries  able  and  willing  to  trade  on  an 


equitable  basis,"  the  avoidance  of  dumping* 
and  the  adjustment  of  tariffs  so  that  "we 
can  enjoy  the  greatest  amount  of  protec- 
tion compatible  with  the  greatest  amount 
of  goods  available  for  distribution  and 
home  consumption"  were  requested  in  a 
resolution  on  trade  substituted  for  eight 
others. 

Greater  use  of  Canadian  ports  for  the 
carriage  of  Canada's  import  and  export 
trade  was  urged  by  another  resolution. 

Apprenticeship 

A  resolution  requesting  the  federal  Gov- 
ernment to  add  $6  weekly  to  the  sub- 
sistence allowance  paid  apprentices  by 
provincial  governments  was  sent  back  to 
the  resolutions  committee  and  did  not 
re-appear  before  the  convention's  close. 

Speaking  during  the  discussion  that 
preceded  the  referral  back  to  the  com- 
mittee, TLC  Vice-president  Jenoves  said: — 

"The  building  trades  have  been  accused, 
often  falsely,  of  curtailing  the  number  of 
apprentices.  What  there  is,  in  fact,  is  a 
shortage  of  employers  willing  to  admit 
apprentices,  saying  that  it  isn't  profitable 
to  train    them. 

"The  question  on  this  resolution,"  he 
continued,  "is:  can  we  expect  the  Govern- 
ment to  subsidize  the  building  industry  and 
not  expect  other  industries  to  ask  for 
subsidies?" 

Two  resolutions  asking  that  apprentices 
be  made  eligible  for  unemployment  insur- 
ance benefits  while  attending  trade  schools 
were  held  to  be  covered  by  the  resolution 
placed  before  the  convention. 

Peace 

As  a  substitute  for  a  resolution  that 
urged  the  Government  to  express  its 
approval  of  suggestions  for  a  four-power 
conference  to  negotiate  outstanding  inter- 
national differences,  the  resolutions  com- 
mittee presented  one  reiterating  the  TLC's 
determination  to  work  actively  in  support 
of  "all  genuine  efforts  to  build  permanent 
and  lasting  peace"  and  its  "belief  in  and 
support  of"  the  United  Nations.  The 
resolution  carried. 

Other   Resolutions 

Other  resolutions  adopted  urged: — 
Increased  family  allowances. 


*A  request  for  a  Royal  Commission  to 
examine  the  question  of  dumping  of  foreign 
textile  products  on  the  Canadian  market 
was  requested  by  the  Canadian  National 
Textile  Federation  in  a  letter  sent  August  8 
to  the  Prime  Minister.  Imposition  of  a 
quota  system  to  slow  down  textile  imports 
was  demanded  earlier  this  year  by  the 
Textile  Workers  Union  of  America  (CIO- 
CCL)     (L.G.,    Aug.,    p.    1120). 


1290 


An  increase  to  $2,400  in  the  maximum 
for  the  purchase  of  Government  annuities. 

The  immediate  institution  of  an  adequate 
coast  guard. 

Speedy  and  effective  action  on  the 
St.  Lawrence  Seaway. 

The  granting  to  labour  organizations  by 
the  CBC  of  free  radio  time  and  the  grant- 
ing by  all  radio  and  television  outlets  at 
least  one  hour  a  day  for  the  presentation 
of  educational  material. 

The  publication  by  provincial  Depart- 
ments of  labour  of  a  monthly  labour 
gazette. 

Provision  of  federal  money  for  all  medical 
research. 

The  development  and  extension  of  the 
Canadian  steel  industry  through  the  build- 
ing of  steel  mills  and  fabricating  plants  so 
that  Canada's  iron  resources  could  be  pro- 
cessed and  financed  by  Canadians. 

Public  ownership  of  all  telephone 
companies. 

Increased  legislation  setting  the  minimum 
wage  rate  at  85  cents  per  hour  and  provid- 
ing equal  pay  for  men  and  women  for 
comparable  work. 

Inclusion  in  all  school  curricula  a 
"comprehensive"  course  of  study  on  organ- 
ized labour  and  co-operative  movements. 

Efforts  by  all  TLC  affiliates  to  achieve 
the  30-hour  work  week  "as  soon  as 
possible". 

Legislation  providing  for  a  maximum 
five-day,  40-hour  week. 

Removal  of  the  ban  on  membership  in 
trade  unions  for  employees  of  Canadian 
Arsenals  Limited. 

Enactment  of  a  Bill  of  Rights. 

Initiation  by  the  Department  of  Labour 
of  an  educational  campaign  to  "popularize" 
the  intent  and  terms  of  the  Fair  Employ- 
ment Practices  Act. 


No  weakening  of  the  Canadian  Broad- 
casting Corporation's  control  of  radio  and 
television. 

Immediate  institution  of  a  "more  com- 
prehensive" civil  defence  program. 

Amendment  of  labour  laws  to  compel 
the  payment  of  retroactive  pay  from  the 
expiry  date  of  the  previous  agreement. 

Action  to  ensure  that  drivers  employed 
on  coast-to-coast  trucking  do  not  violate 
trade  union  principles  and  are  allowed 
proper  rest  and  meal  periods. 

That  the  Department  of  Labour  wage 
surveys  be  carried  out  by  tradesmen  rather 
than  by  "office  employees". 

Appointment  of  a  Royal  Commission  to 
investigate  all  aspects  of  the  fishing 
industry. 

TLC  support  of  cumulative  sick  leave 
plans  in  all  collective  agreements* 

A  resolution  that  wrapped  several 
requests  on  holidays  and  holiday  pay  in 
one  package  was  sent  back  to  the  resolu- 
tions committee;  it  was  not  brought  to 
the  floor  again  before  the  convention 
adjourned.  It  asked:  two  weeks'  annual 
vacation  with  pay  after  one  year's  service; 
payment  for  all  statutory  holidays,  munic- 
ipal, provincial  or  national;  mandatory 
observance  in  all  jurisdictions  of  national 
holidays  declared  by  the  federal  Govern- 
ment; payment  of  at  least  double  time  to 
those  who  work  on  such  holidays;  observ- 
ance of  all  statutory  holidays  on  Monday. 

The  convention  rejected  resolutions 
recommending  the  election  of  officers  by 
referendum  vote  and  the  amendment  of 
the  constitution  to  permit  the  holding  of 
referendum  votes  on  other  matters. 

Also  rejected  were  resolutions  that  would 
have  raised  the  per  capita  tax  and  would 
have  set  up  a  system  of  pools  to  equalize 
the  travelling  expenses  of  all  delegates. 


Second  Annual  Convention  of  TLC's 

Union  Label  Trades  Department 

Union  Buying  Week  in  September  each  year  recommended  in  all  Canadian 
cities.    Close  to   75   delegates   present  at  one-day  session   in   Ottawa 


Institution  of  a  National  Union  Buying 
Week  was  recommended  at  the  second 
annual  convention  of  the  Union  Label 
Trades  Department  of  the  Trades  and 
Labour  Congress  of  Canada.  The  one-day 
convention  was  held  in  Ottawa  August  9, 


the  day  before  the  opening  of  the  TLC's 
68th  convention. 


*Such  a  plan  is  included  in  the  agreement 
recently  concluded  between  the  CCCL  and  a 
Montreal  department  store  (L.G.,  Aug.,  p. 
1140). 


77966— 4£ 


1291 


A  resolution  approved  by  the  close  to 
75  delegates  attending  urged  the  establish- 
ment of  the  week  of  Labour  Day  in  Septem- 
ber as  an  annual  union  buying  week  in  all 
cities  in  Canada.  It  was  suggested  that  the 
Union  Label  Council  or  League  in  each 
city  conduct  a  union  label  show  during  the 
week. 

The  delegates  came  from  international 
unions,  trade  councils  and  union  label  coun- 
cils and  leagues.  Resolutions  were  passed 
dealing  with  the  use  and  promotion  of  the 
union  label  and  shop  card. 

Aim  of  the  Union  Label  Trades  Depart- 
ment, set  up  as  a  separate  entity  within  the 
TLC  at  the  annual  convention  in  Winnipeg 
last  year,  is  "to  promote  a  greater  demand 
for  products  bearing  a  union  label  and  for 
labour  performed  by  union  workers".  The 
work  of  the  Department  includes  devising 
and  recommending  advertising  for  union 
label  products. 

A  report  of  the  Department's  activity 
during  the  past  year  was  read  by  the 
Secretary-Treasurer,  Gordon  G.  Cushing, 
who  is  also  Secretary-Treasurer  of  the  TLC. 
Mr.  Cushing  reported  that  at  June  30  there 
were  13  international  unions  and  eight 
union  label  councils  affiliated  with  the 
Department.  In  addition,  the  TLC  has 
affiliated  Class  A  federal  unions  who  nor- 
mally could  display  a  label  on  their  pro- 
ducts. 

Publicity  had  been  achieved  through  the 
distribution  of  blotters,  pamphlets  and  book 
matches.  Union  label  education  had  been 
carried  out  and  is  continuing,  said  Mr. 
Cushing. 

The  delegates  passed  a  resolution  urging 
all  Trades  and  Labour  Councils  in  Canada 
to  elect  committees  to  organize  Union 
Label  Trades  Councils  in  their  respective 
districts.  The  same  resolution  urged  all 
local  unions  in  Canada  to  write  to  their 
international  offices  in  the  United  States 
and  request  that  they  affiliate  with  the 
Union  Label  Trades  Department  of  the 
TLC. 

Declaring  that  two  union  labels  can  be 
obtained  in  any  Canadian  city,  the  dele- 
gates adopted  a  resolution  urging  that  in 
future  all  delegates  representing  their  local 
unions  on  Trades  and  Labour  Councils  in 
any  city  must  show  at  least  two  labels 
before  being  accepted  by  the  trades  coun- 
cils. This  resolution  was  recommended  to 
all  Trades  and  Labour  Councils  for  adop- 
tion as  part  of  their  by-laws. 

In  another  resolution  the  delegates  recom- 
mended that  the  clause  "union  label  goods 
and  equipment  must  be  used  where  pos- 
sible" be  inserted  in  all  union  contracts 
with  employers. 


Another  resolution  suggested  the  adop- 
tion by  the  TLC  Union  Label  Trades 
Department  of  the  insignia  already  in  use 
by  the  Union  Label  Service  Department  of 
the  American  Federation  of  Labour.  This 
insignia,  declared  the  resolution,  could 
become  the  symbol  of  the  "union  label 
family  of  the  North  American  continent" 
and,  in  doing  so,  take  its  place  in  the 
minds  of  the  general  public  alongside  the 
already  universally  recognized  Allied  Print- 
ing Trades  Label. 

Mr.  Cushing  announced  that  a  trophy, 
presented  by  the  TLC,  would  be  awarded 
for  the  best  display  of  union  label  goods 
and  services  at  the  annual  Congress 
convention.  A  judging  committee  was 
appointed,  the  members  being  Mrs.  W. 
Cameron,  Vice-President  of  the  Toronto 
Union  Label  League;  Arthur  Deakin,  fra- 
ternal delegate  from  Britain's  Trades  Union 
Congress;  Tony  Gallo,  AFL  fraternal 
delegate  to  the  convention;  Archie  Gor- 
don, United  Kingdom  Labour  Attache  in 
Washington;  and  George  J.  Richardson, 
Secretary-Treasurer  of  the  International 
Association  of  Fire  Fighters. 

The  trophy  was  won  by  the  Vancouver, 
New  Westminster  and  District  Union  Label 
Trades  Council  for  its  display  of  union 
products.  These  included  bread,  clothing, 
insurance,  paper  products,  insecticides,  boots 
and  shoes,  jewellery,  apple  packing  services, 
and  the  only  union-made  cedar  shingles  in 
Canada. 

In  accepting  the  award,  Ed  Smith,  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer of  the  Council  and  originator 
of  the  display,  urged  the  delegates  and 
their  families  to  support  the  union  label 
and  to  patronize  shops  selling  union-made 
goods. 

Other  displays  at  the  convention  were 
those  of  the  Newfoundland  Federation  of 
Labour,  which  won  second  place  in  the 
contest;  the  Alberta  Federation  of  Labour, 
which  won  third  place;  the  Journeymen 
Barbers,  Hairdressers,  Cosmetologists  and 
Proprietors'  International  Union  of  Amer- 
ica; the  International  Association  of  Fire 
Fighters;  the  Co-operative  Union  of  Can- 
ada; and  the  Federal  Department  of 
Labour. 

President  Claude  Jodoin  was  re-elected 
by  acclamation,  as  was  Secretary-Treasurer 
Cushing.  Mr.  Jodoin  is  a  Vice-President 
of  the  TLC. 

Vice-presidents  elected  were  Nelson  Cox, 
Canadian  Vice-President  of  the  Journey- 
men Barbers,  Hairdressers,  Cosmetologists 
and  Proprietors'  International  Union  of 
America;  Sven  Jensen,  Canadian  Vice- 
President  of  the  Bakery  and  Confectionery 


1292 


The  trophy-winning  display  of  union  label  goods  at  the  TLC  convention,  sponsored 
by  the  Vancouver,  New  Westminster  and  District  Union  Label  Trades  Council.  The 
trophy,  presented  by  the  TLC,  was  awarded  for  the  first  time  this  year.  In  the 
booth   is   Ed   Smith,   Secretary-Treasurer   of   the    Council    and    the    display's    creator. 


Workers  International  Union  of  America; 
John  Purdie,  Canadian  Vice-President  of 
the  Tobacco  Workers'  International  Union; 
Mrs.  Emily  Ross,  Canadian  Organizer  of 
the  United  Garment  Workers  of  America ; 
and  Ed  Smith,  Secretary-Treasurer   of  the 


Union  Label  Trades  Council  of  the  Van- 
couver, New  Westminster  and  District 
Trades  and  Labour  Council.  Mrs.  Ross  and 
Messrs.  Jensen  and  Smith  were  re-elected 
from  last  year's  executive. 


1,472  Job   Fatalities  in  U.  K.  in  1952 

Fatal  industrial  accidents  in  the  United  Kingdom  in  1952  numbered  1,472.  In  addi- 
?ion,  there  were  145  fatal  accidents  to  seamen  serving  on  vessels  registered  in  the  United 
Kingdom. 

Of  472  fatalities  in  the  mining  industry,  421  occurred  in  coal  mining,  376  of  them 
underground.  Of  804  accidental  deaths  in  manufacturing,  209  occurred  on  building  oper- 
ations and  108  in  metal  conversion  and  founding.  On  British  railways  in  1952,  a  total  of 
196  fatal  accidents  occurred. 

*        *        * 

Work  injuries  in  United  States  industry  in  1952  numbered  2,031,000,  slightly  fewer 
than  the  2,100,000  occurring  in  the  previous  year. 

The  1952  estimate  by  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  includes  15,000  deaths  and 
84,000  permanent  injuries  (amputations  or  lifelong  impairment  of  body  functions). 


1293 


Number  of  Workers  Affected  by 

Collective  Agreements  in  Canada 

Number  of  workers  affected  by  collective  agreements  in  1951 — 1,415,250 
— was  10  per.  cent  higher  than  previous  year's  figure.  Proportion  of 
employees  working  under  collective  agreement  reached  37-2  per  cent 


The  number  of  workers  affected  by 
collective  agreements  in  1951  was  ten  per 
cent  higher  than  the  previous  year's  figure. 
The  Department  of  Labour's  sixth  annual 
compilation*  totals  1,415,250.  This  brought 
the  proportion  of  wage  and  salary  workers 
in  Canada  who  are  working  under  the 
terms  of  collective  agreements  to  37-2  per 
cent. 

Total  figures  of  the  number  of  workers 
under  agreement  and  their  proportion  of 
wage  and  salary  workers  in  the  labour  force 
for  the  past  six  years  are  as  follows: 

Percentage 
No.  of  of  total 

Workers  Wage  and 

under  Salary 

Year  Agreement       Workers! 

1946    995,736  30-1 

1947    1,120,310  33-7 

1948    1,214,542  35-5 

1949    1,225,569  34-6 

1950    1,282,005  35-2 

1951    1,415,250  37-2 

(The      industrial  classification  used      in 

former  annual  tables  was  changed  for  1951 
to  conform  to  the  standard  industrial 
classification  of  the  Dominion  Bureau  of 
Statistics.    As    a   result,   publication    of    the 

*The  Department  of  Labour  maintains  a 
file  of  collective  agreements  obtained, 
together  with  information  on  the  number 
of  workers  affected,  from  employers,  em- 
ployers' associations  and  from  unions.  In  the 
great  majority  of  cases  the  number  of 
workers  is  that  reported  by  employers  in  the 
annual  survey  of  wage  rates  and  hours  of 
labour. 

Information  on  the  numbers  of  workers 
covered  by  agreements  extended  under  the 
terms  of  the  Collective  Agreement  Act  of  the 
province  of  Quebec  is  that  issued  by  the 
provincial  Government.  Under  this  Act,  the 
provisions  of  agreements  made  between  em- 
ployers and  a  union  or  unions  under  certain 
conditions  are  extended  by  provincial  order 
in  council  to  apply  to  all  employers  and 
workers  in  the  industry  in  the  zone  affected 
or  in  the  whole  province.  Over  a  fifth  of  the 
workers  covered  by  Orders  in  Council  under 
this  Act  were  also  covered  by  separate 
agreements  with  their  employers.  The  latter 
workers  are  counted  only  once  in  the  total 
figures  used  in  the  industry  table. 

tThe  number  of  wage  and  salary  workers 
was  obtained  from  the  Dominion  Bureau  of 
Statistics'  reference  paper,  The  Labour  Force, 
November  1945— March,  1952,  using  the  last 
quarterly  figure  in  each  year. 

1294 


present  article  was  delayed.  Table  IV 
showing  numbers  of  workers  covered  by 
agreements  in  1946,  1950  and  1951,  by 
industry,  is  based  on  this  new  classification). 

The  number  of  workers  covered  by  agree- 
ments increased  from  1950  to  1951  in  all 
the  major  industrial  divisions  except  Fish- 
ing and  Finance. 

In  some  of  these  divisions  significantly 
large  advances  were  caused  by  the  signing 
of  contracts  for  establishments  not  pre- 
viously covered  by  collective  agreement. 
This  was  particularly  true  of  the  logging 
industry,  where  the  addition  of  a  group  of 
workers  in  the  province  of  Quebec  brought 
about  an  unusually  large  increase. 

Increased  employment  has  been  more 
important  in  the  advances  recorded  in  con- 
struction, aircraft  manufacturing  and  ship- 
building. On  the  other  hand,  decreases  in 
emplo}rment  have  brought  about  reductions 
in  the  figures  for  rubber  products  and  some 
of  the  textile  groups. 

The  proportion  of  the  paid  workers 
covered  also  increased  in  1951,  as  illus- 
trated in  Table  I. 

TABLE  I.— PERCENTAGE  OF  WAGE 

AND   SALARY  WORKERS   UNDER 

AGREEMENT,  BY  INDUSTRY 

1946      1950     1951 

%  %  % 

Agriculture     Nil  Nil  Nil 

Forestry     29-9  47-5  57-0 

Mining     70-1  73-1  79-3 

Manufacturing     42-4  49-5  52-5 

Construction     52-8  44-7  56-2 

Transportation,  Stor- 
age and  Communi- 
cation       72-7  78-5  81-4 

Public    Utilities    ....  47-9  49-7  52-5 

Trade     5-0  7-1           7-3 

Service     6-9  10-7  11-2 

Except  in  the  few  cases  where  all  workers 
are  required  to  be  union  members,  agree- 
ments cover  non-union  members  as  well 
as  union  members  in  the  bargaining  unit. 
Consequently,  the  number  of  workers 
covered  by  agreements  exceeds  union  mem- 
bershipjt  which  at  January  1,  1952,  was 
1,146,121. 

ttFor  a  report  on  labour  organization  in 
Canada,  see  Labour  Gazette,  Sept.  1952,  p. 
1198. 


In  addition  to  agreements  in  which 
workers  are  represented  by  unions  included 
in  the  Department's  survey  of  labour 
organization  in  Canada,  agreements  signed 
by  employees'  associations  and  plant  coun- 
cils are  included  in  this  survey;  such 
workers  account  for  7-6  per  cent  of  the 
total  under  agreement.  On  the  other  hand, 
union  membership  figures  include  workers 
who  are  employed  in  establishments  where 
no  agreement  presently  exists. 

There  were  5,571  agreements  in  effect  in 
1951  on  file  in  the  Department.  This  num- 
ber, however,  does  not  correspond  to  the 
number  of  employers  nor  of  establish- 
ments.   Some  contracts  cover  only  part  of 


the  working  force  in  a  plant;  for  example, 
one  employer  might  have  several  agree- 
ments, each  with  a  separate  craft  union. 
More  frequently,  an  agreement  between  a 
union  and  an  association  or  group  of  em- 
ployers covers  a  number  of  employers. 

The  affiliation  of  the  unions  representing 
the  employees  in  agreements  has  been 
classified  in  the  1951  survey  for  the  first 
time.  This  is  shown  in  Table  II.  It  was 
not  possible  to  classify  the  workers  covered 
only  by  the  agreements  extended  under 
the  Collective  Agreement  Act  in  Quebec, 
since  some  of  these  agreements  include 
both  international  unions  and  national 
Catholic  unions,  e.g.,  construction  workers 
in  Montreal. 


TABLE    II.- 


NUMBERS    OF   WORKERS    AFFECTED    BY    COLLECTIVE    AGREE- 
MENTS   IN   1951   BY   AFFILIATION 


Number  of 

Affiliation  Workers 

Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada 522,90^ 

AFL  and  TLC    465,532 

TLC   only    57,372 

Canadian    Congress    of   Labour    $6k,k6k 

CIO  and  CCL   252,948 

CCL  only 111,516 

Confederation  des  Travailleurs  Catholiques  du  Canada,  Inc 80,525 

American  Federation  of  Labor  only   10,027 

Congress  of  Industrial  Organizations  only   1,744 

International  railway  brotherhoods   34,409 

Other  unaffiliated  international  and  national  unions   131,834 

Unaffiliated    local    unions,    employees    associations    and    committees,    plant 

councils    97,641 

Total     1,243,548* 


A  provincial  breakdown  of  workers 
affected  by  agreements  was  also  made  for 
the  first  time  for  1951  (Table  III).  It  will 
be  noted  that  a  large  number  are  shown 
as    effective    in    more    than    one    province. 


Included  in  this  group  are  nearly  all  the 
steam  railway  employees  as  well  as  em- 
ployees of  a  number  of  other  companies 
who  bargain  one  agreement  to  cover  their 
plants  across  the  country. 


TABLE   III.— NUMBERS 

Province 

Newfoundland     

OF 
ME 

WORKERS 

NTS  IN   195 

Number  of 
Workers 

30,420 

37,607 
529 

15,146 
.       257,822* 
.      417,002 

33,747 

AFFECTED   BY   COLLECr 
1   BY  PROVINCE 

Province 

Saskatchewan    

Alberta    

riVE   AGREE- 

Number  of 
Workers 

18,993 

Nova    Scotia    

37,743 

Prince  Edward  Island    

159,824 

New   Brunswick    

Yukon  and  NWT   . 

1,055 

Quebec     

Ontario    

More  than  one  province .... 
Total    

233,660 

Manitoba    

1,243,548* 

Most  agreements  are  re-negotiated  each 
year,  others  less  frequently.  Almost  all  are 
settled  without  any  cessation  of  work  due 
to  disputes.  Although  5,571  agreements 
were  in  force  in  1951,  only  70  strikes 
occurred,  involving  fewer  than  41,000 
workers,  before  final  settlement  of  a  new 
agreement  could  be  reached. 

An  additional  103  strikes,  involving  53,000 
workers,  occurred  during  the  life  of  agree- 


ments. It  is  evident,  then,  that  the  great 
majority  of  disputes  occurring  in  establish- 
ments where  an  agreement  exists  are 
settled  through  the  grievance  procedure 
therein  provided. 


*An  additional  171,702  are  covered  only  by 
agreements  extended  under  the  Collective 
Agreement  Act  in  Quebec. 


1295 


TABLE  IV.— NUMBERS  OF  WORKERS  AFFECTED  BY  [COLLECTIVE  AGREEMENTS 
IN  CANADA  1946, 1950, 1951— BY  INDUSTRY 


Industry  group 


1946(a) 


Total 


1950(a) 


Total 


1951 


Agree- 
ments 
(other 
than 
those 
extended 

under 

Collective 

Agreement 

Act, 

Quebec) 


Agree- 
ments 
extended 

under 

Collective 

Agreement 

Act, 

Quebec 


Total  (b) 


Number 
of  workers 


Number 
of  workers 


Number 
of  workers 


Number 
of  workers 


Number 
of  workers 


TOTALS 


995,736 


1,282,905 


1,243,548 


218,426 


Agriculture . 


Forestry 

Logging 

Forestry  Services. 


30,800 

30,800 


45,123 

45,123 


53,047 

53,047 


Fishing  and  Trapping. 

Fishing 

Hunting  and  Trapping. 


7,671 

7,671 


9,070 

9,070 


8,965 

8,965 


Mining   (including  milling), 
Quarrying,  Oil  Wells 


Metal  Mining. 


Fuels 

Coal  mining 

Oil  and  natural  gas. 


Non-metal  Mining 

Asbestos  mining 

Other  non-metal  mining . 


Quarrying,  Clay  and  Sandpits . 


Manufacturing . 


Foods  and  Beverages 

Meat  products 

Dairy  products 

Canned  and  cured  fish 

Canned  and  preserved  fruits  and 

vegetables 

Flour  mills 

Other  grain  mill  products 

Biscuits  and  crackers 

Bread  and  other  bakery  products 

Carbonated  beverages 

Distilled  liquors , 

Malt  liquors 

Wines 

Confectionery , 

Sugar , 

Miscellaneous  foods , 


Tobacco  and  Tobacco  Products . 


Rubber  Products , 

Rubber  footwear 

Tires,   tubes,   and   other  rubber 
products 


48,975 

19,358 

84,116 

23,254 

862 

4,388 

3,984 

399 

1,118 

492,536 

56,826 

17,015 

798 

4,762 

6,790 
2,231 
1,659 
821 
8,977 
46 

9,082 

412 
2,286 
1,447 

6,174 
16,688 


56,250 

26,887 

22,560 

21,788 

772 

5,248 

4,543 

705 

2,105 

618,657 

53,468 

13,887 

799 

4,800 

4,602 
2,713 
1,134 
2,498 
5,209 
45 

10,679 

2,062 
3,037 
1,998 

6,715 

17,105 


Leather  Products 

Boots  and  shoes 

Boot  and  shoe  repair 

Leather  gloves  and  mittens 

Leather  tanneries -.- 

Miscellaneous  leather  products. . . 


21,857 
14,175 


22,071 
16,022 


61,836 

31,161 

22, 246 

21,555 

691 

6,462 
4,698 
1,764 

1,967 

609,911 

57, 775 

12,929 

1,739 

6,741 

6,268 
3,020 
1,849 
2,616 
5,355 

213 
3,367 
6,695 

129 
2,495 
2,627 
1,732 

5,878 

15,061 
4,619 

10,442 

10,283 
5,461 


2,307 
3,691 
1,184 


1,418 
3,275 
1,356 


862 
2,545 
1,365 


40 


40 

"40 
(c) 
84,212 

1,887 


1,887 


14,047 
12,568 


1,063 
416 


1296 


TABLE  IV.— NUMBERS  OF  WORKERS  AFFECTED  BY  COLLECTIVE  AGREEMENTS 
IN  CANADA  1946, 1950, 1951— BY  INDUSTRY— Continued 


Industry  group 


1946(a) 


Total 


1950(a) 


Total 


1951 


Agree- 
ments 
(other 
than 
those 
extended 

under 

Collective 

Agreement 

Act, 

Quebec) 


Agree- 
ments 
extended 

under 

Collective 

Agreement 

Act, 

Quebec 


Total  (b) 


Manufacturing— (Continued) 

Textile  Products  (except  clothing)... 
Cotton  thread,  yarn  and  broad 

woven  goods 

Miscellaneous  cotton  goods 

Woollen  and  worsted  woven  goods 

Woollen  and  worsted  yarn 

Miscellaneous  woollen  goods 

Silk  and  artificial  silk 

Other  primary  textiles 

Dyeing  and  finishing  textiles 

Laces,  tapes  and  bindings 

Miscellaneous  textile  products. . 

Canvas  products 

Carpets,  mats  and  rugs 

Cordage,  rope  and  twine 

Other  textile  products 


Number 
of  workers 


Number 
of  workers 


Number 
of  workers 


Number 
of  workers 


Number 
of  workers 


31,394 

17,400 
110 

6,709 

3,344 
(186) 
186 


Clothing  (textile  and  fur) 

Men's,  Women's  and  Children's 

Clothing 

Children's  clothing 

Custom    tailoring    and    dress- 
making  

Men's  clothing 

Women's  clothing 

Knit  goods 

Hosiery 

Other  Knit  goods 

Miscellaneous  Clothing 

Corsets,  girdles  and  foundation 

garments 

Fur  goods 

Hats  and  caps 

Miscellaneous  clothing 


(3,645) 

456 

535 

982 

1,672 

50, 140 

35,232 


5,514 


(9,394) 

200 
4,312 

4,882 


Wood  Products 

Saw  and  planing  mills 

Plywood  and  veneer  mills 

Sash  and  door  and  planing  mills 

Sawmills 

Furniture 

Miscellaneous  wood  products. . . . 

Boxes  and  baskets  (wood) 

Morticians'  goods 

Miscellaneous  wood  products. . 

Paper  Products 

Paper  boxes  and  bags 

Pulp  and  paper 

Roofing  papers 

Miscellaneous  paper  products .... 

Printing.  Publishing  and  Allied  In- 
dustries  


32,256 
21,770 


7,569 

(2,917) 
830 


Iron  and  Steel  Products 

Agricultural  implements 

Boilers  and  plate  work 

Fabricated  and  structural  steel 

Hardware  and  tools 

Heating  and    cooking  apparatus 

77966—5 


2,087 


4,274 

39,276 

1,253 

2,083 


18,104 

73,618 
10,694 
2,560 
3,026 
1,360 
3,975 


45,515 

24,980 
322 

7,387 

6,675 

(1,198) 
706 
492 

(4,953) 
166 
725 
765 

3,297 

63,  m 
44,062 


9,522 


(9,837) 

1,343 

5,598 

2,843 

53 

48,252 
33,314 


11,125 
(3,813) 

1,790 
47 

1,976 

57,128 
7,897 

45,124 
1,983 
2,124 


23,962 

98,569 
11,290 
3,984 
4,320 
3,497 
6,601 


44,W 

22,609 
641 

5,271 

1,757 
194 

5,781 
(3,152) 

2,523 
629 

(4,735) 
126 
632 

1,222 

2,755 


(29,411) 
73 

131 

14,768 

14,439 

(9,318) 

9,148 

170 
(7,899) 

1,016 

4,855 

1,787 

241 

47,416 
(37,169) 
2,052 
4,647 
30,470 
6,014 
(4,233) 
2,041 


2,192 

61,025 
6,831 

50, 103 
1,734 
2,357 


19,448 

105,676 
12,305 
4,096 
4,556 
3,979 
5,839 


1,474 


(1,474) 


1,474 

37,052 
(31,255) 


13,177 

18,078 


(5,797) 


4,130 
1,667 


4,912 


4,912 


3,139 
3,139 


995 

,332 


584 


45,110 

22,609 

641 

5,271 

1,757 

194 

5,781 

(3,152) 

2,523 

629 

(5,705) 

126 

632 

1,222 

3,725 

64,227 

(44,932) 
73 

131 
21,326 
23,402 

(9,318) 

9,148 

170 

(9,977) 

1,016 

5,877 

2,843 

241 

51,256 
(37,169) 

2,052 

4,647 
30,470 

9,854 
(4,233) 

2,041 


2,192 

61,750 
7,556 

50,103 
1,734 
2,357 


23,512 

106,742 
12,305 
4,669 
4,556 
3,979 
5,839 

1297 


TABLE  IV. 


NUMBERS  OF  WORKERS  AFFECTED  BY   COLLECTIVE   AGREEMENTS 
IN  CANADA  1946,  1950, 1951— BY  INDUSTRY— Continued 


Industry  group 


1946(a) 


Total 


1950(a) 


Total 


1951 


Agree- 
ments 
(other 
than 
those 
extended 

under 

Collective 

Agreement 

Act, 

Quebec) 


Agree- 
ments 
extended 

under 

Collective 

Agreement 

Act, 

Quebec 


Manufacturing—  (Continued) 

Household,  office  and  store 
machinery 

Iron  castings 

Machine  shop  products 

Machine  tools 

Machinery,  n.e.c 

Primary  iron  and  steel 

Sheet  metal  products 

Wire  and  wire  products 

Miscellaneous  iron  and  steel  pro- 
ducts  


Number 
of  workers 


Number 
of  workers 


Number 
of  workers 


Number 
of  workers 


Number 
of  workers 


Transportation  Equipment 

Aircraft  and  parts 

Auto  repair  and  garages 

Bicycles  and  parts 

Boat  building  and  repairing 

Motor  vehicles 

Motor  vehicles  parts  and  acces- 
sories  

Railroad  and  rolling  stock  equip- 
ment  

Shipbuilding  and  repairing 

Miscellaneous  transportation 
equipment 


Non-ferrous  Metal  Products 

Aluminum  products 

Brass  and  copper  products 

Jewellery  and  silverware 

Non-ferrous  metal  smelting  and 

refining 

Watch  and  jewellery  repair 

White  metal  alloys 

Miscellaneous  non-ferrous  metal 

products 


Electrical  Apparatus  and  Supplies . 

Batteries 

Heavy  electrical  machinery  and 

equipment 

Radios  and  radio  parts 

Refrigerators,    vacuum    cleaners 

and  appliances 

Miscellaneous  electrical  products 


Non-metallic  Mineral  Products . 

Abrasive  products 

Asbestos  products 

Cement,  hydraulic 

Clay  products 

Glass  and  glass  products  — 
Lime  and  gypsum  products. 

Stone  products 

Concrete  products 

Miscellaneous  non-metallic 
mineral  products 


Products  of  Petroleum  and  Coal 

Coke  and  gas  products 

Petroleum  refining  and  products. 


3,222 
7,379 
244 
1,679 
7,511 
17,761 
9,357 
1,737 

3,113 

61,684 
7,112 

(d)9,574 


911 
17,700 


5,280 
12,017 


21,537 
3,590 
3,686 
1,201 

12,383 


5,389 

9,044 

447 

1,704 

9,411 

22,242 

10,679 

4,432 

5,529 

75, 728 

7,911 

(d)ll,307 

482 

350 

26,905 

14,666 

5,787 
7,505 

815 

28,640 
4,392 
4,155 
1,773 

16,784 


4,196 

10,585 

750 

2,122 
13,638 
24,910 

8,440 

4,207 

6,053 

79,267 

15,869 

4,211 

322 

478 

24,973 

14,144 

6,752 
12,252 

266 

29,108 
4,475 
4,865 
1,358 

16,658 


1,748 


9,667 


(d)9,667 


529 


529 


626 

51 

26,  238 
786 

13,605 
2,681 

760 
8,406 

11,339 

1,517 

708 

811 

1,924 

3,353 

1,373 

615 


1,038 

4,963 

213 

4,750 


1,339 

197 

35,632 
1,007 

15,840 
3,286 

3,722 

11,777 

15,565 
1,759 
1,352 
1,490 
1,866 
4,301 
1 ,  656 
1,350 
240 

1,551 

7,222 

908 

6,280 


1,309 

443 

39,968 
767 

15,653 
3,646 

3,240 
16,662 

15, 485 

2,208 

1,251 

1,593 

2,985 

3,550 

904 

586 

345 

2,063 

7,463 

612 

6,821 


120 

'(c)  769 


1298 


TABLE  IV.— NUMBERS  OF  WORKERS  AFFECTED   BY   COLLECTIVE   AGREEMENTS 
IN  CANADA  194S,  1959,  1951— BY  INDUSTRY— Continued 


Industry  group 


Manufacturing—  (Concluded) 

Miscellaneous  products  of  petro- 
leum and  coal 


Chemical  Products 

Acids,  alkalis  and  salts 

Explosives,  ammunition  and 
pyrotechnics 

Fertilizers 

Medicinal  and  pharmaceutical 
preparations 

Paints  and  varnishes 

Soaps,  washing  and  cleaning  com- 
pounds  

Toilet  preparations 

Vegetable  oil  mills 

Primary  plastics 

Miscellaneous  chemical  and 
allied  products 


Miscellaneous  Manufacturing  Indus- 
tries  

Brooms,  brushes  and  mops 

Fabricated  plastic  products 

Musical  instruments 

Pens,  pencils  and  typewriter  sup- 
plies  

Professional  and  scientific  instru- 
ments and  equipment 

Sporting  goods  and  toys 

Miscellaneous  industries,  n.e.c  — 

Construction  (f ) 


Transportation 

Air  Transport  and  Airports 

Bus  and  Coach  Transportation 
interurban 

Steam  Railways  (including  express 
and  telegraph  service) 

Urban  and  Suburban  Transporta 
tion  Systems 

Taxicab 

Truck  Transportation 

Water  Transportation 

Services  Incidental  to  Water  Trans 
portation 

Services  Incidental  to  Transporta- 
tion  

Other  Transportation 


Storage 

Grain  Elevators 

Storage  and  Warehouse 


Communication 

Radio  Broadcasting 

Telephone 

Other  Communication  Services. . . . 

Public  Utility  Operation 

Electric  Lia;ht  and  Power 

Gas   Manufacturing   and    Distribu 
tion 

77966— 5| 


1946(a) 


Total 


Number 
of  workers 


10,659 
4,245 

1,028 
427 

1,148 
2,281 

823 


707 


481 
298 
137 

512 

774 


1,021 
97,215 

210,148 

2,590 

2,418 

143,330 

20, 149 

992 

2,563 

21,887 

16,154 


65 

1,837 

1,718 
119 

20,564 

70 

20,348 

146 

15,811 

13,837 

1,917 


1950(a) 


Total 


Number 
of  workers 


34 

14,151 
4,927 

1,535 
544 

872 
2,509 

1,372 

86 

102 

776 

1,428 


5,518 
412 
240 
383 

573 


690 
2,321 

130,077 

242,501 

4,513 

3,560 

162,826 

21,658 

1,769 

11,179 

12,828 

23,985 


183 

2,279 

1,971 
308 

34,803 

100 

34,437 

266 

23,362 

21,727 

1,635 


1951 


Agree- 
ments 
(other 
than 
those 
extended 

under 

Collective 

Agreement 

Act, 

Quebec) 


Number 
of  workers 


30 

18,820 
5,337 

2,036 
1,742 

1,167 

2,489 

1,462 

91 

328 

1,267 

2,901 


6,550 
354 
409 
437 

642 

1,567 

652 

2,489 

65,523 

254,285 

4,742 

3,010 

176,007 

21,743 

1,270 

11,681 

12,900 

22,667 

18 
247 

2,607 

1,970 
637 

39,734 

556 

38,727 
451 

30,429 

28,331 

2,053 


Agree- 
ments 
extended 

under 

Collective 

Agreement 

Act, 

Quebec 


Number 
of  workers 


1,289 


104,165 

8,238 


3,262 
4,976 


Total  (b) 


Number 
of  workers 


30 

18,820 
5,337 

2,036 
1,742 

1,167 
2,489 

1,462 

91 

328 

1,267 

2,901 


6,550 
354 
409 
437 

642 

1,567 

652 

2,489 

168,092 

254,736 

4,742 

3,010 

176,007 

21,743 

1,270 

12,132 

12,900 

22,667 

18 
247 

2,607 

1,970 
637 

39,734 

556 

38,727 
451 

30,429 

28,331 

2,053 

1299 


TABLE  IV. 


NUMBERS  OF  WORKERS   AFFECTED  BY   COLLECTIVE   AGREEMENTS 
IN  CAADAN  1946, 1950, 1951— BY  INDUSTRY— Concluded 


1946(a) 

1950(a) 

1951 

Industry  group 

Total 

Total 

Agree- 
ments 
(other 
than 
those 
extended 

under 

Collective 

Agreement 

Act, 

Quebec) 

Agree- 
ments 
extended 

under 

Collective 

Agreement 

Act, 

Quebec 

Total  (b) 

Public  Utility  Operation— (Cone.) 

Water  and  Sanitary  Services 

Other  Public  Utilities 

Number 
of  workers 

Number 
of  workers 

Number 
of  workers 

Number 
of  workers 

Number 
of  workers 

(e) 
60 

21,684 

4,637 
(d)17,047 

(g)106 

(e) 

(e) 
45 

32,573 

13,573 
19,000 

990 

(e) 

(e) 

45 

Trade 

Wholesale 

36,345 

10,341 
(d) 26, 004 

(g)l,248 

11,873 

2,248 
(d)9,625 

(g) 

43,460 

15,821 
27,639 

(g)990 

Retail 

Finance,  Insurance  and  Real 

Estate 

Finance 

420 

828 

82,290 

16,077 

2,380 

13,539 

420 
570 

83,618 

16,040 

4,680 

11,140 

420 

106 

48,386 

6,115 

196 

5,919 

570 

Service 

9,898 

6,226 

6,226 

91,437 

Community  or  Public 

20,187 
4,680 

Health            

15,287 

Welfare  institutions 

Community    or    public    service, 

158 
U,633 

220 

48,420 
16 

45,304 
3,100 

220 

Government  Service 

Dominion  Government     

26,067 

136 

48,556 
16 

Municipal  or  other  local  govern- 

22,367 
3,700 

41,533 
3,100 

136 

45,440 

3,100 

280 
280 

627 

616 

11 

601 

20,852 

3,696 

461 

0 

13.701 

1,327 

688 

240 

138 

755 

728 
27 

977 

17,426 

670 

520 

16 

13,890 

1,125 

996 

12 

197 

755 

728 

27 

60 

15,864 

4,866 

106 

977 

3,536 
3,097 

20,962 

J'ai  hering  and  hairdressing 

Dyeing  cleaning,  pressing 

3,767 
520 

204 

16 

Hotels  and  lodging  houses 

9,739 
794 
126 
233 

14.094 
1,125 

996 

Undertaking 

Other  personal  service     

235 

247 
197 

(a)  The  industrial  breakdown  has  been  rearranged  from  previously  published  figures  to  conform 
to  the  present  standard  industrial  classification. 

(b)  These  totals  are  not  the  sum  of  the  numbers  in  the  two  previous  columns.       Duplications 
are  eliminated. 

(c)  This  agreement,  for  the  buildin?  material*  industry  in  the  province  of  Quebec,  is  included 
under  "Manufacturing"  but  also  covers  granite  and  marble  quarrying.  Information  not  available 
as  to  the  number  in  each  industry. 

(d)  Agreements  affecting  workers  in  garages  and  service  tations,  in  the  province  of  Quebec, 
included  under  "Man"facturing"  also  affect  "Trade"  in  so  far  as  service  stations  are  concerned. 
Information   not   available  as  to  the   number  in  each  industry. 

(e)  Water  supply  covered  under  "Service-Municipal". 

(f)  Agreements  for  construction  workers  extended  under  the  Collective  Agreement  Act,  Quebec, 
include  maintenance  work  and  certain  shop  work  which  is  not  included  in  the  construction  industry 
in  the  Dominio.i  Bureau  of  Statistics  classification. 

(g)  One  agreement  for  several  towns  in  Quebec  included  under  "Trade"  also  includes  employees 
of  financial  institutions. 


1300 


Fatal   Industrial  Accidents  in  Canada* 
during  the  First  Quarter  of  1953 

Industrial  fatalities  during   first  quarter  of  1953   numbered   290,  a 
decrease  of  69  from  previous  quarter,  in  which  359  were  recorded 


There  were  290|  industrial  fatalities  in 
Canada  in  the  first  quarter  of  1953,  accord- 
ing to  the  latest  reports  received  by  the 
Department  of  Labour.  This  marks  a 
decrease  of  69  fatalities  from  the  previous 
quarter,  in  which  359  were  recorded,  includ- 
ing 15  in  a  supplementary  list. 

During  the  quarter  under  review,  four 
accidents  occurred  which  resulted  in  the 
deaths  of  three  or  more  persons  in  each 
case.  On  January  20,  a  "bump"  in  a  coal 
mine  at  Coleman,  Alta.,  cost  the  lives  of 
three  miners.  At  Butedale,  B.C.,  four  con- 
struction employees  and  two  union  repre- 
sentatives were  killed  on  January  27,  when 
the  aircraft  in  which  they  were  travelling 
crashed  into  the  water.  A  flash  fire  on 
February  5,  at  a  Niagara  Falls,  Ont., 
chemical  plant  resulted  in  the  deaths  of 
three  workers.  The  fire  occurred  while 
repairs  were  being  made  inside  a  high  steel 
tank.  Five  employees  of  a  Canadian  air 
transport  company  were  killed  at  Karachi, 
Pakistan,  on  March  2,  when  their  aircraft 
crashed  while  taking  off. 

Grouped  by  industries,  the  largest  num- 
ber of  fatalities,  67,  was  recorded  in  manu- 
facturing. Of  these,  18  were  in  iron  and 
steel,  14  in  the  wood  products  group  and 
11  in  the  transportation  equipment  indus- 
trial group.  In  the  previous  three  months 
there  were  54  fatalities  listed  in  manufac- 
turing, including  12  in  wood  products, 
nine  in  transportation  equipment  and  eight 
in  iron  and  steel. 

In  the  logging  industry,  50  industrial 
deaths  were  reported  during  the  first  quar- 
ter of  1953,  compared  with  52  in  the  pre- 
vious three  months.  In  the  first  quarter 
of  1952,  49  accidental  deaths  were  recorded. 

Of  the  44  accidental  deaths  reported  in 
the  mining  industry  during  the  quarter 
under  review,  25  occurred  in  metalliferous 


♦See  Tables  H-l  and  H-2  at  end  of  book. 

tThe  number  of  industrial  fatalities  which 
occurred  during  the  first  quarter  of  1953  is 
probably  greater  than  the  figure  now  quoted. 
Information  on  accidents  which  occur  but 
are  not  reported  in  time  for  inclusion  in  the 
quarterly  articles  is  recorded  in  supple- 
mentary lists  and  statistics  are  amended 
accordingly. 


The  industrial  fatalities  recorded  in 
these  quarterly  articles,  prepared  by  the 
Economics  and  Research  Branch,  are  those 
fatal  accidents  which  involved  persons 
gainfully  employed  and  which  occurred 
during  the  course  of,  or  which  arose  out 
of,  their  employment.  These  include 
deaths  which  resulted  from  industrial 
diseases  as  reported  by  provincial  Work- 
men's Compensation  Boards. 

Statistics  on  industrial  fatalities  are 
compiled  from  reports  received  from  the 
various  Workmen's  Compensation  Boards, 
the  Board  of  Transport  Commissioners 
and  certain  other  official  sources.  News- 
paper reports  are  used  to  supplement 
these  data.  F'or  those  industries  not 
covered  by  workmen's  compensation  legis- 
lation, newspaper  reports  are  the  Depart- 
ment's Only  source  of  information.  It  is 
possible,  therefore,  that  coverage  in  such 
industries  as  agriculture,  fishing  and 
trapping  and  certain  of  the  service 
groups  is  not  as  complete  as  in  those 
industries  which  are  covered  by  compen- 
sation legislation.  Similarly,  a  small 
number  of  traffic  accidents  which  are  in 
fact  industrial  accidents  may  be  omitted 
from  the  Department's  records  because 
of  lack  of  information  in  press  reports. 


mining,  11  in  non-metallic  mining  and 
eight  in  coal  mining.  In  the  preceding 
three  months  35  fatalities  were  recorded  in 
mining,  including  20  in  metalliferous  mining 
and  nine  in  non-metallic  mining. 

There  were  35  industrial  fatalities  in  the 
construction  industry  during  the  first  three 
months  of  1953,  of  which  16  occurred  in 
buildings  and  structures,  12  in  miscellaneous 
construction  and  seven  in  highway  and 
bridge  construction.  In  the  previous  three- 
month  period,  67  fatalities  were  reported 
in  construction,  including  27  buildings  and 
structures,  23  in  miscellaneous  construction 
and  17  in  highway  and  bridge  construction. 

Thirty-four  persons  died  as  a  result  of 
accidents  in  the  transportation  industry 
during  the  quarter  under  review.  Of  these, 
16  were  in  local  and  highway  transporta- 
tion, six  in  steam  railways  and  five  in  air 
transportation.  In  the  fourth  quarter  of 
1952,  74  fatalities  were  recorded. 

In  the  various  branches  of  the  service 
industry  there  were  21  fatalities  during  the 
first  quarter,  an  increase  of  three  from  the 
18  listed  in  the  previous  three  months. 


1301 


There  were  17  fatalities  reported  in 
agriculture  during  the  quarter  under  review, 
compared  with  30  and  26  in  the  third  and 
fourth  quarters  of  1952  respectively. 

An  analysis  of  the  causes  of  the  290 
fatalities  which  occurred  during  the  quarter 
shows  that  slightly  more  than  one-third 
of  the  victims  had  been  "struck  by  tools, 
machinery,  moving  vehicles  and  other 
objects".  Within  this  group  the  largest 
numbers  of  deaths  were  caused  by  falling 
trees  and  limbs  (30)  automobiles  and 
trucks  (13)  and  handling  materials  (12). 
"Collisions   derailments,   wrecks,   etc.,"   was 


responsible  for  53,  or  18  per  cent  of  the 
total  deaths  during  the  period.  These 
included  31  fatalities  involving  automobiles 
and  trucks  and  11  that  involved  aircraft. 
In  the  classification  "falls  and  slips"  45 
accidents  were  reported.  Of  these,  41  were 
caused  by  falls  to  different  levels. 

By  province  of  occurrence  the  largest 
number  of  fatalities  was  recorded  in  On- 
tario, where  there  were  113.  In  British 
Columbia,  there  were  59  and  in  Quebec,  49. 

During  the  quarter  under  review  there 
were  106  fatalities  in  January,  94  in  Feb- 
ruary and  90  in   March. 


Immigration  Target  Charted 


Dr.  L.  E.   Hamelin  of  Laval  computes  Canada's  need  for  immigrants  in 
next  ten  years  at  700,000,  mainly  in  age-group  from  20  to  30  years 


As  this  country  will  be  facing  a  shortage 
of  labour  as  early  as  1961,  because  of  the 
drop  in  the  birth-rate  in  the  twenties  and 
thirties,  a  professor  of  the  School  of  History 
and  Geography  of  Laval  University  has 
suggested  in  a  magazine  article*  that 
Canada  bring  in  700,000  immigrants  to 
make  up  for  the  shortages  in  certain  age-, 
groups  of  our  population. 

Dr.  Louis-Edmond  Hamelin  analysed  our 
population  make-up  and  noted  that  certain 
shortages  exist  in  the  age-groups  from  5 
to  25  years.  While  Canada's  total  popula- 
tion has  increased  by  almost  4,000,000  since 
1931,  the  total  number  of  citizens  from  15 
to  20  years  of  age  has  remained  practically 
stationary  and  that  of  citizens  from  10  to 
25  years  of  age  has  not  increased  at  the 
same  rate  as  the  population  as  a  whole. 

The  comparatively  small  number  of  our 
young  people,  according  to  Dr.  Hamelin, 
creates  a  serious  anomaly  in  the  age 
structure  of  Canada's  population  in  1951. 
This  is  illustrated  in  the  diagram  appearing 
on  page  1303.  Horizontally,  the  diagram 
shows  the  number  of  Canadians  in  each 
age-group,  for  example,  1,722,109  citizens 
from  0  to  4  years,  1,397,825  from  5  to  9 
years.  Vertically,  it  indicates  the  different 
age-groups,  e.g.,  0  to  4  years,  5  to  9  years. 
The  diagram  assumes  the  shape  of  a  half- 
pyramid. 


*"Insuffisance  de  main-d'oeuvre",  Relations 
Industrielles,  Vol.  8,  No.  3.  Les  Presses 
Universitaires  Laval,  Quebec. 


The  pyramid  shows  a  regular  enough 
trend  from  70  to  25  years  but  displays  an 
abnormal  concavity  from  25  to  5  years. 
This  concavity,  according  to  Dr.  Hamelin, 
shows  precisely  the  numerical  deficiency  of 
those  groups  compared  with  the  other 
groups. 

Dr.  Hamelin  adds  that  Canadians  from 
5  to  25  years  old  are  relatively  less 
numerous  than  those  of  25  to  70  or  of 
0  to  4  years  of  age.  The  groups  corre- 
sponding to  a  depression  of  the  pyramidal 
crest  are  called  "hollow  categories".  The 
writer  adds  that  it  is  possible,  by  graphic 
method,  to  estimate  the  lack  of  citizens  at 
nearly  a  million  and  the  total  number  of 
those  from  10  to  25  years  at  700,000. 

Causes  of  Youth  Shortage 

Dr.  Hamelin  attributes  this  shortage  of 
young  persons  partly  to  the  economic 
crisis — the  Depression — which  witnessed  a 
marked  decrease  of  the  birth-rate.  From 
1921  to  1937,  the  birth-rate  was  one-third 
lower,  that  is  by  10  per  thousand.  But 
Canada  has  also  shared  in  the  demographic 
evolution  of  the  Western  World  towards  a 
lower  birth-rate.  Before  the  twenties,  the 
Canadian  birth-rate  stood  at  about  30  per 
thousand.  It  fell  to  24-1  per  thousand 
from  1926  to  1930,  that  is,  before  the 
Depression.  After  the  Depression,  from 
1941  to  1945,  the  average  rate  did  not 
exceed  23-5  per  thousand.  Even  since  1945, 
with  family  allowances,  a  boom  economy 
and  present  immigration  fostering  an  in- 
crease in  births,  the  rate  does  not  exceed 
28  per  thousand. 


1302 


POPULATION   BY  AGE  GROUPS,  CANADA,  1951 


1,500,000 


1,000,000 
INHABITANTS 


500,000 


Another  reason  for  this  decreasing  birth- 
rate, states  Dr.  Hamelin,  is  that  in  1931 
there  were  fewer  persons  of  parenthood  age 
(25  to  40  years)  with  regard  to  the  total 
population  than  there  were  in  1951,  namely, 
21  per  cent  in  1931  as  against  22/6  per 
cent  in  1951. 

Filling  in  Hollow  Categories 

"In  10  or  20  years,"  states  the  writer, 
"there  is  no  doubt  that  workers  will  be 
less  numerous  if  nothing  is  done  to  fill  in 
the  present  gaps  among  our  young  people. 
Yet  in  an  expanding  economy,  the  labour 
force  must  maintain  itself  in  numbers. 
Technical  developments  cannot  make  up 
for  such  a  general  decrease  of  young 
workers.  Furthermore,  a  hollow  category 
is  unfavourable  to  the  birth-rate.  If  the 
number  of  future  parents  is  not  increased, 
there  will  be  fewer  births  in  the  next 
generation;  the  Canadian  population  will 
be  ageing.  Lastly,  not  only  will  these 
hollow  categories  find  it  difficult  to  main- 
tain the  economic  tempo  of  Canadian  life 
and  to  assure  a  worthy  increase  in  the 
birth-rate,  but  they  will  also  have  to 
shoulder  the  burden  of  ever-increasing 
social  taxes." 

In  order  to  unburden  the  future  depleted 
category  of  workers  and  to  make  sure  of 
a  continuing  demographic  and  economic 
development,  Dr.  Hamelin  suggests  immi- 
gration as  the  cure. 


He  suggests  not  an  uncontrolled  immi- 
gration but  a  rational  movement  to  atone 
for  the  evil  of  hollow  categories,  calling 
for  immigrants  in  the  age  groups  which 
Canada  lacks. 

"In  the  main,"  he  says  in  conclusion, 
"migratory  movements  are  a  valve  which 
makes  it  possible  to  achieve  a  just  pro- 
portion in  the  population.  It  is  with  that 
thought  in  mind  that  we  advocate  the 
entry,  in  the  next  ten  years,  of  700,000 
persons,  the  majority  of  whom  must  be 
between  the  ages  of  20  and  30." 


If  the  flow  of  immigrants  into  Canada 
continues  at  its  current  rate  for  the  next 
eight  }rears,  the  country  will  have 
admitted  and  retained  two  immigrants 
for  every  three  Canadians  born  during 
that  time,  said  Jean  Boucher,  special 
assistant  to  the  Deputy  Minister  of 
Citizenship  and  Immigration,  recently. 
Mr.  Boucher  was  speaking  at  the  22nd 
conference  of  the  Canadian  Institute  of 
Public  Affairs. 

Such  a  flow  of  immigration,  he  said, 
would  supply  "at  least  three-quarters  of 
the  additions  to  the  Canadian  labour 
market."  He  predicted  an  annual  aver- 
age rate  of  immigration  of  175,000,  an 
annual  natural  rate  of  increase  of  17-5 
per  cent  and  a  Canadian  population  of 
17,500,000  by   1961. 

1303 


Factory  Inspection  in  the  United  Kingdom 

Mid-century   report  of  Great   Britain's   Chief   Factory   Inspector  com- 
pares working  conditions  in  factories  in  1951  with  those  50  years  ago 


A  five-per-cent  reduction  in  the  number 
of  non-fatal  accidents,  increased  activity  in 
the  establishment  of  new  factories  and  in 
the  reorganization  of  existing  premises, 
improvement  in  welfare  facilities,  a  growing 
interest  in  safety  organizations  in  industry, 
and  information  on  accident  proneness  of 
older  workers  are  noted  in  the  Annual 
Report  of  the  Chief  Inspector  of  Factories 
of  the  United  Kingdom  for  the  year  1951. 
Of  special  interest  also  is  the  comparison 
of  present-day  conditions  in  factories  with 
those  of  50  years  earlier. 

MID-CENTURY  REVIEW 

In  this  mid-century  report  the  Chief 
Inspector  reviews  the  changes  in  working 
conditions  that  have  occurred  in  factories 
as  a  result  of  social  advances  during  the 
50-year  period  following  the  passing  of  the 
Factory  and  Workshop  Act  in  1901.  Only 
one  major  revision  and  consolidation  of 
the  law,  it  is  pointed  out — the  Factories 
Act,  1937 — has  been  made  since  the  1901 
consolidation,  although  many  regulations 
and  welfare  orders  have  been  issued.  The 
survey  is  based  on  the  records  of  inspectors 
in  selected  districts  and  on  earlier  reports 
of  the  Factory  Department. 

Among  the  notable  changes  reported  are 
the  many  shifts  in  industrial  location  that 
have  taken  place  as  a  result  of  the  building 
up  of  new  industries  throughout  the  coun- 
try, the  development  of  road  transport,  the 
increasing  use  of  bicycles,  the  bus  and  other 
means  of  conveyance  to  and  from  work, 
which  has  made  it  much  less  essential  than 
before  to  have  the  factory  close  to  the 
workers'  homes,  and  the  general  movement 
since  the  beginning  of  the  century  away 
from  the  centres  of  the  large  cities,  par- 
ticularly "from  the  old  industrial  heart  of 
London". 

Despite  the  amalgamation  of  many  small 
firms,  the  great  bulk  of  premises  covered 
by  the  Factories  Act  remains  small.  As  the 
craft  trades  are  not  susceptible  to  large- 
scale  organization,  many  small  family  busi- 
nesses still  exist  in  some  parts  of  the 
country. 

The  number  of  factories  without  power, 
it  is  noted,  has  declined  every  year.  In 
1901  there  were  95,664  factories  with  power 
and  137,648  without  power.  In  1951  there 
were  212,245  factories  with  power  and  only 
26,464  without  power. 


The  increasing  mechanization  of  indus- 
trial processes  during  the  50  years  has 
eliminated  much  of  the  hard  work  formerly 
done  by  hand,  and  heavy  lifting. 

In  his  Annual  Reports  for  1909  and  1911 
the  Chief  Inspector  of  Factories  expressed 
concern  about  the  carrying  of  heavy  weights 
by  women  and  young  persons  in  the  West 
Midlands  glass  trade.  Trucks,  bogies  and 
conveyors  have  now  taken  the  place  of 
manual  lifting. 

The  advertisements  of  a  large  bakery  in 
1901  and  1951,  quoted  by  an  inspector  in 
Scotland,  reflect  the  change  in  the  public 
attitude  to  mechanization  in  the  food  trade. 
In  1901  the  firm  claimed  that  "all  bread  was 
made  by  hand";  in  1951  they  boasted  of 
bread  "not  touched  by  the  human  hand." 

Outwardly,  the  report  states,  factories 
have  changed  much  during  the  half-century. 
The  single-storey  type  of  building  became 
the  rule  after  1918  as  outlying  country  was 
developed.  Many  of  the  multi-storied  stone 
buildings  in  Lancashire  and  Yorkshire,  how- 
ever, still  stand  as  they  were  in  1901, 
although  most  of  them  have  been  com- 
pletely changed  within. 

Inside  the  factories  vast  improvements  in 
standards  of  cleanliness,  lighting,  sanitary 
conveniences,  air  space,  temperature  and 
ventilation  have  "been  made  in  50  years. 
Although  the  1901  Act  required  lime  wash- 
ing or  other  treatment  every  14  months, 
the  interiors  of  factories  in  the  early  years 
of  the  century  were  usually  gloomy  and 
drab.  Since  1945  the  intelligent  use  of 
colour  schemes  has  transformed  factories 
of  all  kinds.  The  reflective  powers  of  light 
paints  and  colour  washes  in  the  treatment 
of  walls,  ceiling  and  machines  have  also 
contributed  to  better  lighting  and  in  turn 
to  higher  standards  of  cleanliness. 

All  inspectors  agree   that  improvements 

in  lighting  are  among  the  most  important 

benefits  brought  about  during  the  period. 

In  1901  natural  lighting  was  often  ham- 
pered by  small,  dirty  windows,  often  filled 
with  opaque  glass,  and  in  the  multi-storied 
factories  illumination  was  particularly  poor 
in  the  centres  of  workrooms — a  fault  not 
entirely  eliminated  today.  Nothing  made 
natural  lighting  more  appreciated  than  the 
closed-in  effect  of  the  early  days  of  the 
blackout  in  the  1939-45  war,  and  recent  years 
have  seen  great  improvements.  In  the  older 
factories  windows  have  been  enlarged  to  the 
great  advantage  of  both  lighting  and  venti- 
lation, and  fitted  with  clear  glass.  In  the 
new  factories  ample  light  is  given  from  roof 
and  side  windows. 


1304 


Even  in  the  most  backward  factories,  the 
report  states,  the  fluorescent  light  may  be 
the  only  sign  of  progress. 

Great  advances  have  been  made  in  venti- 
lation, particularly  in  the  application  of 
local  exhaust  to  remove  dangerous  dust  or 
fumes.  Each  new  hazard  has  been  dealt 
with  either  in  the  general  law  or  in  special 
regulations. 

"The  most  obvious  outward  change  in 
the  interior  of  factories,"  according  to  many 
inspectors,  "is  the  absence  of  the  forest  of 
shafting  and  pulleys,  belts  and  driving 
straps  which  were  found  in  the  old  steam- 
driven  factories."  Electricity  has  gradually 
superseded  other  forms  of  motive  power; 
and  the  individual  drive  that  has  taken  the 
place  of  the  main  engines  in  many  factories 
and  the  sectionalization  of  transmission 
machinery  have  greatly  reduced  the  dan- 
gers from  work  at  revolving  transmission 
machinery. 

The  1901  Report  of  the  Chief  Inspector 
drew  attention  to  the  fact  that  many 
machines  were  leaving  the  manufacturers 
with  dangerous  parts  unfenced.  Since  then, 
much  has  been  done  to  encourage  manu- 
facturers in  this  respect.  Section  17  of  the 
Factories  Act,  1937,  places  a  definite  obliga- 
tion on  the  makers  to  fence  certain  dan- 
gerous parts.  In  1951  the  inspectors  were 
still  spending  considerable  time  encourag- 
ing better  standards  of  fencing  but  "it  is 
safe  to  say,"  the  Report  comments,  "that 
the  50  years  has  seen  an  immense  improve- 
ment in  the  provision  of  guards  incor- 
porated in  the  machine". 

Older  machinists  recall  the  unfenced 
woodworking  machines  that  caused  mutilat- 
ing injuries  in  the  early  part  of  the  century. 
Circular  saws  usually  had  a  rudimentary 
top  guard  but  the  pulleys  and  blades  of 
band  saws  were  often  completely  unfenced. 
By  1922,  after  much  work  by  the  inspec- 
tors and  with  the  co-operation  of  the  trade, 
the  Woodworking  Machinery  Regulations 
were  made,  embodying  detailed  require- 
ments for  the  fencing  of  all  basic  wood- 
working machines  and  also  requiring  the 
training  of  new  workers. 

Special  attention  was  given  also  to  the 
problem  of  fencing  the  power  press,  which, 
as  the  Chief  Inspector  remarks,  is  probably 
the  most  widely  dangerous  of  all  metal- 
working  machines.  Continuous  study  of 
the  problem  over  the  years  led  to  the 
establishment  of  a  Committee  on  the 
Fencing  of  Power  Presses  (which  continues 
to  function)  representative  of  inspectors, 
makers  and  users  of  power  presses,  and 
guard  makers,  to  lay  down  acceptable 
standards.    As  a  result  of  the  Committee's 


reports,  there  is  now  an  appropriate  stand- 
ard of  fencing  for  almost  every  type  of 
press  and  operation.    . 

Similarly,  in  all  trades  considered  dan- 
gerous to  health,  notably  in  the  metal  and 
pottery  trades,  the  work  of  medical  inspec- 
tors and  of  individual  research  carried  on 
by  enlightened  firms  has  brough  about 
great  advances  in  the  prohibition  or  control 
by  special  regulations  of  harmful  substances. 

The  variations  during  the  period  in  the 
law  governing  the  reporting  of  accidents 
have  made  it  impossible  to  draw  any  valid 
conclusions  from  a  camparison  of  the  1901 
and  1951  figures  but,  "for  what  it  is  worth," 
the  Chief  Inspector  notes:  "in  1901  there 
were  1,035  fatal  and  82,725  non-fatal  acci- 
dents; in  1925  there  were  944  fatal  and 
159,693  non-fatal  accidents;  in  1951  there 
were  828  fatal  and  182,616  non-fatal  acci- 
dents." 

Although  general  interest  in  accident  pre- 
vention was  not  aroused  until  the  war  of 
1914-18,  the  value  of  safety  organizations 
in  industry  was  recognized  as  early  as  1906, 
when  a  large  firm  in  Cheshire  set  up  a 
Works  Safety  Committee  and  in  1916 
appointed  a  full-time  safety  officer.  In  1927 
a  Draft  Order  was  issued  requiring  the 
establishment  of  safety  organizations  in  the 
more  dangerous  classes  of  works  but  it  was 
later  found  that  voluntary  compliance  was 
a  more  successful  method  of  progress  and, 
as  the  century  advanced,  the  inspectors 
have  impressed  on  employers  the  impor- 
tance of  training  in  accident  prevention. 

Some  of  the  organizations  set  up  earlier 
have  lapsed  but  the  general  trend  towards 
joint  consultation  has  led  to  increased 
interest  in  accident  prevention  committees. 
"In  some  works,  however,"  the  report  states, 
"there  is  still  a  strong  preference  for  keep- 
ing safety  organizations  in  the  hands  of 
management  through  an  accident  preven- 
tion officer."  The  Chief  Inspector  com- 
mends the  work  of  the  Royal  Society  for 
the  Prevention  of  Accidents  in  stimulating 
safety  organizations. 

The  first  legal  provisions  for  welfare 
facilities  came  into  effect  during  the  1914-18 
war  with  the  enactment  of  the  Police,  Fac- 
tories, etc.  (Miscellaneous  Provisions)  Act, 
1916,  which  empowered  the  Home  Secretary 
to  make  welfare  orders  for  trades  where 
such  special  provision  appeared  necessary. 
At  the  end  of  the  war  many  of  the  special 
facilities  such  as  canteens  and  messrooms 
were  closed  down  but  during  the  period 
between  the  two  wars  increasing  attention 
was  being  given  to  physical  amenities,  wel- 
fare   supervision    and    to    the   new   science 


1305 


of  personnel  management,  with  the  active 
encouragement  of  the  inspectors  and  in- 
dependent associations. 

It  was  unfortunately  true,  however,  that 
in  many  of  the  specially  dirty  or  unpleasant 
trades  to  which  the  statutory  welfare  orders 
applied,  compliance  with  the  various  pro- 
visions was  inadequate;  uninviting  mess- 
rooms  and  cloakrooms,  meagre  and  uncom- 
fortable seats,  protective  clothing  of  "work- 
house" design  were  all  too  common,  and  the 
differences  between  progressive  and  back- 
ward factories  widened  as  the  years  went  by. 

The  1937  Factories  Act  imposed  welfare 
provisions  on  all  factories  irrespective  of 
numbers  employed  and  later,  during  the 
war,  emergency  powers  were  used  to  require 
the  provision  of  improved  facilities — can- 
teens, and  welfare  and  medical  supervi- 
sion— for  the  benefit  of  the  large  number 
of  workers  engaged  in  war  production. 
Finally,  the  Factories  Act  of  1948,  with  its 
requirements  for  suitable  seating  for  men 
as  well  as  for  women,  completed  the  legis- 
lation  with   respect   to   welfare   provisions. 

Although  many  firms  had  provided  some 
kind  of  seats  for  certain  work  long  before 
the  1948  Act,  generally  speaking,  in  the  early 
part  of  the  period  standing  at  work  was 
considered  in  the  nature  of  things;  if  seats 
were  provided  they  tended  to  be  mere  back- 
less stools,  sometimes  of  most  unsuitable 
height  and  design. 

Another  notable  change  in  the  half  cen- 
tury has  been  in  the  composition  of  the 
labour  force  in  many  factories.  After  the 
war  of  1914-18  many  of  the  jobs  held  by 
women  reverted  to  men  or  disappeared,  but 
with  the  shortage  of  labour  after  the  second 
war,  during  which  women  were  employed 
in  large  numbers,  many  women  have 
remained  in  jobs  that  would  formerly  have 
been  considered  suitable  only  for  men. 

"Since  1945,"  the  report  states,  "the 
problem  for  most  employers  has  been  to 
find  enough  women  for  the  job  and  many 
schemes  of  special  hours  and  welfare  have 
been  devised  to  attract  them,  if  only  for 
short  periods  and  part-time  work." 

The  most  striking  change  in  the  50  years, 
however,  according  to  the  Chief  Inspector, 
has  been  the  reduction  in  weekly  working 
hours,  which  in  1901  were  about  55  in  most 
trades.  Men  not  protected  by  the  1901  Act, 
which  limited  hours  of  women  and  young 
persons  in  non-textile  factories  to  60  a 
week,  often  worked  even  longer.  "In  1901 
the  Superintendent  Inspector  at  Leeds 
reported  with  an  air  of  complacency  that 
the  hours  in  the  textile  area  were  'only  54.'  " 

From  1918,  as  a  result  of  scientific  study 
of  fatigue  and  its  effects  on  production,  and 
a  changed  social  attitude  following  the  war, 
the  48-hour  week  came  to  be  recognized  as 


normal;  it  was  made  legal  by  the  Factories 
Act,  1937,  (apart  from  overtime)  for  women 
and  young  persons  over  16,  with  a  reduction 
to  44  hours  for  those  under  16  years.  Des- 
pite the  demands  on  production  during  the 
Second  World  War,  hours  were  regulated 
under  Emergency  Orders  and  efforts  were 
made  to  keep  them  within  limits  com- 
patible with  health  and  good  production. 

The  five-day  week,  which  was  growing 
in  popularity  throughout  the  thirties, 
became  almost  universal  after  the  war. 
There  are  still  trades,  however,  the  Chief 
Inspector  points  out,  where  the  workers 
prefer  to  spread  their  hours  of  work  over 
a  52-day  week,  finding  it  more  advantageous 
than  a  free  Saturday  morning. 

The  post-war  period,  full  employment  and 
shortage  of  workers  brought  out  a  new 
attitude;  it  was  not  so  much  now  the  em- 
ployer who  exacted  long  hours  from  his 
workers,  but  the  workers,  particularly  the 
women,  who  demanded  that  the  pattern  of 
working  times  should  be  adapted  to  suit 
their  own  needs  and  wishes.  The  rigid  legal 
framework  devised  for  their  protection 
appeared  to  them  as  something  of  a  strait 
jacket. 

The  period  has  also  seen  the  raising  of 
the  minimum  age  for  entry  into  industry 
to  14  in  1920  and  to  15  in  1947,  a  more 
beneficial  arrangement  of  hours  on  shift 
work,  the  institution  of  the  practice  of 
giving  short  mid-spell  breaks  and,  in  recent 
years,  the  granting  of  one  or  two  weeks' 
holiday  with  pay. 

The  expansion  of  the  factory  inspectorate 
is  another  development  recounted.  Not  only 
has  the  number  of  inspectors  increased  but 
the  growth  of  industry  and  the  increasing 
complexity  of  legislation  has  led  to  the 
development  of  many  specialist  branches. 
At  the  beginning  of  1902  there  were  95 
inspectors,  34  assistant  inspectors  and,  in 
addition,  a  small  body  of  women  inspectors 
to  deal  with  questions  affecting  women. 
In  1951  there  were  322  inspectors — and 
more  than  50  vacancies — including  12  medi- 
cal inspectors,  13  electrical  inspectors  and 
18  engineering  and  chemical  inspectors,  all 
serving  under  senior  inspectors.  The  addi- 
tion to  the  staff  of  factory  canteen  advisers 
was  a  recent  development. 

The  demeanour  of  the  factory  inspector, 
has  also  undergone  a  change,  the  Chief 
Inspector  remarks.  "Older  workers",  he 
states,  "remember  little  of  the  earlier 
inspectors  except  their  dignity  and  their 
bowler  hats"  while  managers  remember 
them  "with  some  awe".  To-day  the  inspec- 
tor is  praised  for  his  friendly  and  skilled 
advice.  The  basic  principles,  however,  on 
which  inspection  has  been  founded  appear 


1306 


to  have  changed  little,  the  report  states, 
with  the  same  concentration  on  investiga- 
tion as  the  basis  for  all  future  action. 

In  concluding  his  historical  survey,  the 
Chief  Inspector  observes  that  most  workers 
are  unanimous  as  to  the  great  benefits 
obtained  during  the  50  years — most  notice- 
ably in  the  last  12 — particularly  the  im- 
provements in  cleanliness,  lighting,  sanitary 
conveniences,  amenities  and  washing  facili- 
ties, canteens  and  in  the  provision  of  seats. 
A  worker  of  80  years  was  of  the  opinion 
that  it  was  in  cleanliness  that  the  greatest 
improvement  in  working  conditions  had 
been  made. 

He  recollected  vividly  how,  in  his  early 
days,  rats  would  collect  up  scrap  food  dropped 
on  floors  by  the  workers.  In  a  silk  factory 
the  firm  used  to  pay  workmen  3d.  for  a 
rat's  tail  and  a  M.  for  a  mouse's  tail;  rab- 
bits as  well  as  rats  were  a  great  nuisance 
in  the  Clyde  shipyards. 

Management,  too,  is  in  agreement  with 
the  general  view  that  conditions  had  im- 
proved although  some  regret  the  passing 
of  the  craftsmen  and  of  some  of  the  old 
attitudes  to  work.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
Chief  Inspector  adds,  "perhaps  the  feeling 
is  best  summed  up  by  a  manager  in  a  Scot- 
tish factory,  who  said  that  the  greatest 
difference  was  in  the  persons  employed 
themselves;  it  was  hardly  possible  to  recog- 
nize in  the  healthy,  well-dressed  girls  of 
today  the  puny  ill-clad  factory  'hands'  who 
used  to  come  to  the  door  and  ask  for  work." 

PROGRESS  DURING  1951 

In  his  annual  review  of  progress  during 
the  year  the  Chief  Inspector  reports  that  at 
the  end  of  1951  the  total  number  of  fac- 
tories registered  was  238,709,  a  decrease  of 
2,355  over  the  1950  figure.  The  number  of 
factories  with  mechanical  power,  however, 
continued  to  increase,  there  being  1,079 
more  than  in  1950. 

Although  basic  industries  throughout  the 
country  suffered  during  the  year  because  of 
world  shortages  and  high  prices  of  raw 
materials,  there  was  considerable  activity 
both  in  the  establishment  of  new  factories 
and  in  the  reorganization  and  extension  of 
existing  premises. 

The  greater  attention  being  paid  to  struc- 
tural details  in  the  new  buildings  will,  in 
the  Chief  Inspector's  opinion,  lead  to  the 
provision  of  better  lighting,  heating  and 
ventilation,  all  of  which  are  factors  affect- 
ing maximum  output.  The  adoption  of  the 
shell  roof  construction,  referred  to  in  the 
1950  Report,  is  becoming  more  common, 
and  good  day-lighting  is  ensured  in  some 
of  the  most  modern  structures  by  the  use 
of  glass  bricks  and  large  window  space. 


Industrial  Developments  and  Safety 

During  the  year  industry  continued  to 
avail  itself  of  the  most  up-to-date  methods 
in  order  to  maintain  and  improve  the 
standard  and  volume  of  production. 

The  constant  striving  for  greater  efficiency 
stimulated  by  the  need  for  economy  in  the 
use  of  power,  materials  and  labour,  tends 
on  the  whole,  the  Chief  Inspector  observes, 
to  improve  working  conditions  and  make 
them  safer.  In  the  operation  of  the  power 
press,  for  example,  which  generally  requires 
the  full-time  attention  of  one  operator, 
manpower  can  be  conserved  by  the  use  of 
follow-on  or  combination  tools  to  reduce 
the  number  of  operations  (at  the  same 
time  reducing  the  number  of  exposures 
to  risk),  the  development  of  automatic  or 
semi-automatic  operations  and  mechanical 
handling. 

The  present  practice  of  factory  occupiers 
and  inspectors  holding  consultations  when 
any  changes  are  contemplated  ensures  that 
new  plant  and  machinery  will  be  constructed 
with  greater  regard  for  safety,  comfort  and 
efficiency. 

The  importance  of  having  the  makers 
provide  such  fencing  as  is  practicable  can- 
not be  overestimated,  the  Chief  Inspector 
points  out.  In  addition  to  the  standard 
practice  for  inspectors  to  approach  makers 
when  machines  are  sent  out  without  ade- 
quate guards,  an  arrangement  has  been 
made  between  the  Brussels  Social  Treaty 
Powers  (Belgium,  France,  Luxembourg,  the 
Netherlands  and  the  United  Kingdom) 
so  that  instances  of  inadequately-fenced 
machines  sent  from  any  of  the  signatory 
countries  will  be  referred  to  the  Inspec- 
torate of  the  country  concerned  to  be 
brought  to  the  attention  of  the  maker. 

Increasing  interest  was  noted  during 
1951  in  the  use  of  mechanical  handling 
equipment.  The  use  of  such  equipment, 
the  Chief  Inspector  points  out,  not  only 
leads  to  increased  production  but  very 
definitely   contributes   to    industrial   safety. 

Electrical  equipment  in  new  factories  was 
generally  of  a  satisfactory  standard  despite 
material  shortages. 

Reference  is  made  in  the  report  to  the 
publication  during  the  year  by  the  British 
Standards  Institution  of  a  code  of  practice 
for  "Electric  Lifts  for  Passengers,  Goods 
and  Service." 

Accidents 

Despite  an  increase  during  1951  in  the 
number  of  persons  employed  in  manufac- 
turing industries,  the  total  number  of  non- 
fatal accidents  decreased  by  five  per  cent 
over   the    previous   year,    from    192,260    to 


1307 


182,616 — the  lowest  figure  on  record  since 
1938.  This  decrease  occurred  principally  in 
accidents  to  men,  of  which  there  were 
8,850  fewer  than  in  1950.  The  number  of 
fatal  accidents,  however,  rose  from  799  in 
1950  to  828  in  1951. 

The  continued  rise  in  the  number  of 
accidents  connected  with  transport,  250  per 
cent  over  1939,  the  Chief  Inspector  states, 
is  very  serious  and  clearly  calls  for  the 
enforcement  of  stricter  discipline  among 
drivers  and  users  of  vehicles. 

Major  reductions  are  shown  in  the  follow- 
ing industries  or  groups  of  industries: 

1950  1951  Decrease 
Machinery  and 

engineering  works     47,049  43,719     3,330 

Building   operations     13,302  12,340        962 

Textiles    12,653  11,734       919 

Shipbuilding     8,901  8,298        603 

An  analysis  of  accidents  by  causes  reveals 
that  the  largest  number  occurred  in  the 
handling  of  goods,  but  the  total  number  of 
accidents  of  this  type  decreased  from  53,378 
in  1950  to  50,466  in  1951. 

An  encouraging  decrease  in  1951  in  the 
number  of  cases  of  sepsis  (13,470),  37  per 
cent  less  than  in  1939,  is  reported.  There 
was  also  satisfactory  decrease  in  the  number 
of  eye  injuries  (8,216),  12  per  cent  less 
than  in  1950  (9,366);  this  total,  however, 
is  only  slightly  below  the  1939  figure.  The 
Chief  Inspector  emphasizes  again  the  im- 
portance of  close  co-operation  between 
management  and  workers  in  the  selection 
and  maintenance  of  suitable  forms  of  eye 
protection  and  in  making  regular  use  of  the 
safeguards  provided. 

Various  examples  are  cited  of  accidents 
caused  by  faulty  operational  design  of 
machinery  and  plant,  and  of  accidents 
occurring  on  building  sites,  at  works  of 
engineering  construction,  in  foundries  and 
drop  forging  factories.  An  analysis  of  acci- 
dents on  power  presses  and  cranes  is  also 
given.  The  total  number  of  accidents  due 
to  cranes  decreased  from  3,982  in  1950  to 
3,795  in  1951  but  there  was  an  increase  in 
the  number  of  fatal  accidents,  from  9  to  65, 
compared  with  1950. 

Several  sections  of  the  report  deal  also 
with  electrical  accidents  and  accidents  aris- 
ing from  fires  and  explosions. 

Accidents  to  Elderly  People 

An  examination  of  accident  reports  sug- 
gests that  in  spite  of  the  handicaps  which 
age  brings  to  the  majority — slower  reac- 
tions, impaired  vision  and  hearing,  and 
lower  vitality — older  workers  are  not  more 
prone  to  injury  than  persons  in  the  prime 
of  life.    The  consequences  of  the  accident, 


however,  tend  to  be  more  serious.  Paying 
tribute  to  the  work  performed  by  older 
people,  the  Chief  Inspector  states: 

If  there  were  any  doubts  left  of  the 
capacity  of  persons  over  60  years  of  age  to 
do  useful  work  in  industry  they  would  be 
dispelled  by  an  examination  of  the  accident 
reports.  These  confirm  in  a  remarkable  way 
how  many  are  apparently  able  to  defy  the 
advancing  years  and  continue  to  exercise  the 
skill  acquired  during  a  lifetime;  typical 
examples  include  men  between  65  and  70 
working  as  part  of  a  team  at  a  mill  in  a 
tinplate  works;  a  man  of  67  as  a  steel 
erector;  a  woman  of  73  as  a  top  stitcher  in 
the  closing  room  of  a  shoe  factory.  These 
are  only  a  few  of  the  examples  of  craftsmen 
who  carry  on  long  after  what  used  to  be 
regarded  as  the  normal  age  of  retirement. 

The  reports  show  that,  although  a  large 
number  of  the  elderly  people  employed  in 
various  jobs  can  perform  only  light  duties, 
many  are  still  in  work  which  exposes  them 
to  the  same  degree  of  danger  as  younger 
workers. 

During  the  year  11,982  accidents  (repre- 
senting 6*5  per  cent  of  the  total)  occurred 
to  persons  over  60  years  of  age;  over  95 
per  cent  of  them  happened  to  men.  It  is 
pointed  out  that  statistics  are  not  available 
to  show  whether  the  incidence  of  accidents 
was  higher  generally  in  this  age  group  than 
in  others.  Many  inspectors,  the  report  adds, 
hesitate  to  attribute  any  significant  number 
of  accidents  to  old  age  as  such,  since  most 
of  them  could  have  happened  to  anyone. 

Accidents  to  Young  Persons 

There  were  fewer  accidents  to  young 
persons  in  1951,  8,756  to  boys  and  3,224  to 
girls,  compared  with  8,840  and  3,275,  res- 
pectively, in  1950.  These  figures,  however, 
represent  a  higher  proportion  of  all  factory 
accidents  and,  in  terms  of  accidents  per 
1,000  persons  employed,  the  figure  for  boys, 
29,  is  very  close  to  that  of  men,  which  is  30. 

Before  1946,  the  report  states,  the  liability 
to  accident  used  to  be  greater  for  boys 
than  for  men;  the  downward  trend  since 
that  date  in  relative  risk  to  boys  was 
reversed  in  1951.  But  the  steady  decrease 
in  the  last  six  years  in  the  total  number  of 
accidents  to  young  persons,  the  Chief 
Inspector  warns,  should  not  be  lost  sight 
of.  In  his  view,  the  excellence  of  the 
organizations  built  up  by  many  of  the  larger 
firms  for  the  training  and  supervision  of 
young  persons  has  been  an  important  factor 
in  this  reduction.  He  expresses  confidence 
that  a  higher  standard  in  this  regard 
throughout  industry  would  immediately  be 
reflected  in  accident  statistics  and  advises 
managements  to  review  their  arrangements 
for  training  and  supervision  in  the  light  of 
the  suggestions  contained  in  the  Factory 
Department's    leaflet,    The    Prevention    of 


1308 


Accidents  to  Young  Workers  (Form  1980). 
The  Chief  Inspector  also  reminds  manage- 
ment that  "young  persons  constitute  the 
most  precious  raw  material  that  industry- 
possesses;  and  every  avoidable  accident, 
besides  being  a  grave  reflection  on  the 
efficiency  of  the  undertaking,  is  a  deplorable 
waste  of  this  material". 

The  importance  of  instruction,  training 
and  supervision  of  young  persons  employed 
on  dangerous  machinery,  particularly  wood- 
working machines,  is  emphasized,  and  a 
description  of  various  accidents  occurring 
on  machines  illustrates  the  point. 

Accident  Prevention 

Impressive  reductions  in  the  accident  rate 
in  many  undertakings  over  the  past  few 
years  reflect  the  achievements  of  accident 
prevention  organizations.  Special  mention 
is  made  of  the  important  part  being  played 
by  the  Royal  Society  for  the  Prevention 
of  Accidents  and  its  member  firms  in  main- 
taining interest  in  accident  prevention.  The 
record  of  one  firm  was  cited  by  the  Chief 
Inspector: 

An  electrical  engineering  works  employing 
1,300  persons  attained  a  frequency  rate  last 
year  of  0-53;  the  bare  figure  is  impressive 
enough,  but  behind  it  lie  two  really  notable 
achievements:  only  one  slight  accident  to 
a  young  person  in  three  years;  and  the 
handling  in  the  foundry  of  over  7,000  tons 
of  molten  metal  during  the  year  without  a 
burning  accident. 

The  safety  department  of  this  firm,  which 
is  mainly  responsible  for  the  above  record, 
attributed  its  success  to 

(1)  The  co-operation  and  interest  of  the 
directorate  and  management  in  all  matters 
concerning   accident  prevention. 

(2)  The  safety  instructions  given  to  all 
new  employees  before  starting  work  in  the 
factory. 

(3)  The  careful  selection  of  candidates 
for  employment,  including  the  introduction 
to  the  job  before  they  are  engaged. 

(4)  The  appreciation  of  the  workers' 
safety  by  the  supervisory  staff. 

(5)  Continual  propaganda,  including  pub- 
lication of  the  tragic  results  of  accidents, 
which  is  resulting  in  realization  by  the 
operator  that  security  of  life  and  limb 
largely  depends  on  making  "safety  at  work" 
a  dominant  factor  in  industrial  life. 

The  extent  of  the  authority  and  status 
given  to  safety  officers,  it  is  pointed  out, 
has  an  important  bearing  on  the  effective- 
ness of  the  safety  organization  within  an 
industry.  Furthermore,  an  attempt  to  com- 
bine the  duties  of  safety  officer  with  those  of 
personnel  manager  or  maintenance  engineer, 
for  example,  may  result  in  insufficient  atten- 
tion to  accident  prevention  because  of 
pressure  of  other  work. 


Although  the  Building  (Safety,  Health 
and  Welfare)  Regulations,  1948,  require  the 
appointment  of  an  experienced  person  to 
supervise  the  observance  of  the  Regulations 
and  promote  safe  work  generally,  accident 
prevention  organization  in  the  building 
trades  is  still  a  relatively  new  development. 

industrial  Poisoning  and  Diseases 

The  section  of  the  report  headed  "Indus- 
trial Poisoning  and  Diseases"  reviews  the 
incidence  of  disability  arising  from  the 
inhalation  of  fumes  and  gases  and  sets 
forth  in  tables  the  details  of  cases  of  indus- 
trial poisoning  and  diseases  reported  during 
the  year,  with  comparative  figures  for  earlier 
years,  under  the  Factories  Act,  1937,  or  the 
Paint  (Protection  against  Poisoning)  Act. 

There  were  eight  cases  of  gassing  by 
ammonia,  one  of  which  was  fatal;  19  cases 
by  carbon  dioxide,  with  one  fatality;  12 
cases  by  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  with  three 
deaths;  and  105  cases  by  carbon  monoxide, 
including  nine  fatalities.  There  were  no 
fatalities  among  the  21  cases  of  gassing  by 
chlorine.  Only  three  cases  were  reported  of 
gassing  by  nitrous  fumes,  representing  a 
steady  decrease  since  the  early  years  of 
the  war. 

There  were  64  cases  of  lead  poisoning, 
an  increase  of  seven  over  1950;  again  there 
were  no  fatalities.  The  number  of  cases 
among  shipbreakers  decreased  from  27  in 
1950  to  five  in  1951.  An  increased  number 
of  cases,  however,  was  reported  in  the  lead 
smelting  industry  and  in  trades  in  which 
there  is  contact  with  molten  lead,  these 
two  groups  accounting  for  23  cases  compared 
with  five  in  1950.  No  cases  were  reported 
in  the  pottery  or  printing  trades. 

A  slight  reduction  was  noted  in  the 
number  of  cases  of  anthrax  notified — 31, 
with  one  fatality — compared  with  36  in  1950, 
all  of  whom  recovered.  The  increase  in  the 
number  of  cases  (13)  attributed  to  infected 
wool  was  the  highest  since  1940.  One  of 
the  four  cases  of  compressed  air  illness  was 
fatal.  Cases  of  epitheliomatous  ulceration 
numbered  178,  with  one  death;  there  were 
203  cases  of  chrome  ulceration  compared 
with  143  in  1950,  the  largest  number  occur- 
ring in  the  manufacture  of  bichromates. 

The  number  of  cases  of  dermatitis  notified 
voluntarily  during  the  year  was  3,281,  a 
decrease  of  290  over  1950,  but  it  is  pointed 
out  that  the  voluntary  method  of  notifica- 
tion of  the  disease  gives  no  accurate  indi- 
cation that  the  incidence  of  dermatitis  in 
industry  is  decreasing.  Much  more  definite 
information  as  to  its  location  and  extent 
is  essential. 


1309 


The  number  of  cases  of  pneumoconiosis 
in  coal  mining  rose  from  509  in  1950  to  590 
in  1951 ;  in  other  industries  the  number 
increased  from  26  to  58. 

Health  and  Welfare 

Potteries 

In  spite  of  shortages  of  material  and 
labour  there  was  further  progress  during 
1951  in  complying  with  the  Pottery  (Health 
and  Welfare)  Special  Regulations,  1950,  and 
industry  as  a  whole  showed  a  desire  to 
improve  working  conditions.  The  inspectors 
have  done  much  to  encourage  this  attitude 
by  reminding  individual  firms  of  their 
obligations,  e.g.,  to  provide  protective 
clothing,  clean  floors,  and  exhaust  ventila- 
tion. 

To  cope  with  the  problem  of  suppressing 
dust  many  potteries  were  installing  excellent 
exhaust  plants  for  the  various  dust  pro- 
cesses dealt  with  in  the  Regulations. 

Building   Industry 

Many  of  the  leading  firms  in  the  build- 
ing industry,  particularly  those  with  safety 
departments,  achieved  high  standards  of 
compliance  with  the  Building  (Safety, 
Health  and  Welfare)  Regulations,  1945, 
during  the  year  but,  throughout  the  industry 
generally,  progress  in  this  respect  was 
reported  to  be  disappointing. 

Violations,  particularly  of  Part  II  of  the 
Regulations  dealing  with  scaffolds  and 
means  of  access,  were  noted  in  the  con- 
struction of  new  houses  on  which  a  large 
proportion  of  the  labour  force  has  been 
employed.  Common  faults  reported  were 
absence  of  guard-rails  and  toe-boards  and 
insufficient  boards  at  working  platforms. 
Because  of  the  shortage  of  experienced 
scaffolders,  the  report  states,  erection  is 
sometimes  carried  out  by  incompetent 
persons. 

Improvements  noted  in  builders'  hoists 
for  passenger  carrying  included 

a  hoist  with  an  electric  gear-driven  winch  to 
ensure  the  cage  being  lowered  in  gear,  a 
governor  device  to  prevent  overspeeding  dur- 
ing the  lowering  of  friction-driven  hoists,  an 
independent  emergency  brake  applied  direct 
to  the  guide  rails  and  operated  from  the 
cage,  and  a  cage  gate  interlock.  Lack  of 
rigidity  of  the  normal  hoistway  structure 
has  proved  a  stumbling  block  to  the  applica- 
tion of  landing  gate  interlocks. 

Ironfoundries 

Steady  improvement  in  working  condi- 
tions in  ironfoundries — again  mainly  in  the 
larger  foundries — was  reported  during  the 
year  from  all  districts,  chiefly  in  the  pro- 
vision of  welfare  amenities,  medical  facili- 
ties, lighting  and  heating  installations  and 
other  non-technical  matters. 


Experimental  work  was  being  carried  on 
to  control  the  most  pressing  of  the  health 
problems,  the  elimination  of  dust  and 
fumes.  Progress  in  this  respect  will  be 
effected  only  by  close  co-operation  between 
plant  designers,  ventilating  engineers  and 
research  associations  assisted  by  foundry 
managements  willing  to  alter  traditional 
methods  of  work  to  suit  the  application  of 
exhaust  ventilation,  the  report  states. 

"Washing   and    Clothing   Accommodation 

Inspectors1  reports  indicated  that  both 
employers  and  workers  were  more  interested 
in  washing  facilities  than  in  accommodation 
for  clothing  taken  off  during  working  hours; 
hence  far  greater  progress  was  noted  in  the 
provision  of  washing  facilities.  Most  workers 
prefer  accommodation  for  removing  clothes 
close  to  their  place  of  work  because  they 
are  loath  to  leave  them  away  from  their 
immediate  scrutiny  unless  the  other  accom- 
modation is  easy  of  access  and  well  super- 
vised. A  common  practice  noted  was  the 
partitioning  off  of  some  part  of  the  shop 
for  the  hanging  of  clothes.  Pegs  on  the 
workroom  wall,  the  Chief  Inspector  states, 
do  not  constitute  suitable  accommodation. 

Sanitary    Conveniences 

Compliance  with  the  requirements  in 
regard  to  sanitary  conveniences  was  gener- 
ally good,  except  in  some  country  districts 
where  the  commonest  faults  found  were 
lack  of  artificial  lighting,  failure  to  provide 
an  intervening  ventilated  space  and  failure 
to  screen  and  to  provide  effective  doors  to 
ensure  privacy. 

Temperature  and  Ventilation 

As  in  previous  years  a  great  deal  of 
attention  was  directed  towards  the  con- 
servation of  heat  by  structural  alterations, 
"principally  by  the  underdrawing  and  lining 
of  flimsy  corrugated  iron  or  asbestos  roofs, 
and  in  preventing  draughts  by  the  screening 
of  doors  and  windows".  Various  schemes 
of  ventilation  were  being  developed  to  cope 
with  cases  of  excessively  high  temperature 
arising  from  process  heat.  In  all  industries, 
particularly  in  textiles,  the  use  of  air- 
conditioning  plants  increases.  With  regard  • 
to  general  ventilation,  the  Chief  Inspector 
remarks, 

undoubtedly  lack  of  thought  in  initial  plan- 
ning leads  to  far  greater  expense  later,  and 
it  is  even  more  unsatisfactory  that  firms 
should  start  processes  involving  dangerous 
d.ust  or  fumes  without  any  provision  for  their 
removal.  Various  examples  from  the  dif- 
ferent Divisions  tell  of  the  use  of  solvents 
without  adequate  arrangements  for  venti- 
lation. 


1310 


Lighting    and    Colour 

During  the  year  increasing  interest  in  the 
improvement  of  standards  of  lighting,  both 
natural  and  artificial,  was  noted.  Architects 
and  illuminating  engineers  were  making  the 
greatest  possible  use  of  natural  lighting  in 
the  design  of  new  buildings. 

The  steady  progress  in  artificial  lighting 
is  attributed  principally  to  the  widespread 
use  of  fluorescent  tubes  although,  as  the 
Report  points  out,  fluorescent  light  has 
definite  disadvantages  in  some  processes, 
such  as  colour  matching.  Progress  was 
noted  also  in  outside  lighting  of  factories 
and  especially  of  docks  and  shipyards.  Once 
again  the  Chief  Inspector  calls  attention 
to  the  need  for  more  frequent  and  systema- 
tic cleaning  of  windows  on  both  the  inside 
and  outside. 

Through  the  efforts  of  the  British  Colour 
Council  and  the  paint  manufacturers  over 
the  past  five  years,  managements  are 
becoming  more  aware  of  the  advantages  ofy 
colour  schemes  to  provide  cheerful  sur- 
roundings which  in  turn  are  reflected  in 
increased  output.  Improvements  in  colour 
were  noted  in  many  small  premises  and 
considerable  care  was  given  to  the  decorat- 
ing of  new  factories. 

Seating 

Progress  in  the  provision  of  suitable  seats 
for  workers  was  noted,  particularly  in  the 
potteries  and  in  hosiery  factories.  Reports 
show  that  the  attitude  towards  good  seating 
depends  a  great  deal  on  the  methods  of 
consultation  adopted  as  to  the  type  of  seat 
most  suitable  and  by  the  proper  introduc- 
tion of  the  idea  to  the  workers  who  must 
use  the  seats.  Men  and  women  who  have 
been  accustomed  to  standing  at  work,  the 
Chief  Inspector  observes,  may  not  always 
appreciate  the  benefits  of  a  seated  posture. 

One  large  firm  of  engineers  in  the  North- 
East,  employing  about  1,400,  tackled  the 
problem  by  appointing  a  committee  of  four, 
consisting  of  the  works  engineer,  the  trade 
union  convenor,  and  two  other  workers' 
representatives,  to  go  around  the  factory  and 
consider  each  job.  This  committee  made 
recommendations  to  the  management  and,  in 
consequence,  stools  and  chairs  of  various 
shapes  and  sizes  have  been  purchased  and 
tried  out. 

Although  new  machines  in  some  trades 
are  being  sent  out  with  properly  fitted 
seats,  there  is  still  need  for  better  com- 
pliance with  the  legal  requirements  in  the 
individual  factories. 

Hours  of  Employment 

Normal  weekly  hours  remained  at  44  or 
45  but  there  was  a  tendency  to  work  up  to 
48  hours  for  overtime  pay.    Weekly  hours 


seldom  exceeded  the  48-hour  maximum 
established  by  the  Factories  Act  for  women 
and  young  persons  over  16  years  but  there 
was  an  increasing  desire  on  the  part  of  the 
workers  to  have  more  flexible  systems  than 
provided  for  in  the  Act,  such  as  shorter  rest 
breaks  to  enable  them  to  get  home  earlier, 
and  overtime  confined  to  two  days  of  the 
week  instead  of  being  spread  over  four 
week  nights. 

"It  is  increasingly  clear,"  the  Chief 
Inspector  states,  "that  the  pattern  imposed 
by  the  Act  is  unpopular  and  disliked  in 
many  cases  by  the  very  workers  it  was 
meant  to  protect." 

Inspections  made  after  normal  hours 
revealed  some  instances  of  illegal  employ- 
ment. Illegal  employment,  according  to 
the  report,  occurs  principally  in  seasonal 
trades  such  as  ice-cream  factories  and  bake- 
houses and  occasionally  in  factories  pro- 
viding goods  for  Christmas  and  other 
special  days. 

During  the  year  69  firms,  under  the 
authority  of  Section  83  of  the  Factories 
Act,  were  permitted  an  earlier  start  than 
7  a.m.,  but  not  before  6  a.m.,  to  suit  the 
exigencies  of  the  trade  or  the  convenience 
of  the  workers. 

Under  Emergency  Powers,  used  again 
during  the  year  to  permit  arrangements  of 
hours  in  special  circumstances  which  are 
not  normally  allowed  under  the  Factories 
Act,  there  were  in  November,  1951,  1,442 
orders  and  permissions  in  effect  for  day 
work  schemes  (including  evening  employ- 
ment) and  484  for  shift  work.  Most  of  the 
permissions  for  day  work  schemes  were 
issued  under  the  Factories  (Evening  Em- 
ployment) Order,  1950,  which  was  issued 
to  give  a  District  Inspector  power  to 
issue  permissions  for  evening  employment 
for  women  between  5  and  10  p.m.  on  any 
evening  other  than  Saturday  or  Sunday 
provided  they  were  not  employed  about  the 
business  of  the  factory  or  in  any  other 
business  carried  on  by  the  occupier  outside 
that  period  of  employment.  These  short 
shifts,  usually  of  about  four  hours  between 
5:30  and  10  p.m.,  have  continued  to  be 
popular,  particularly  with  many  elderly 
married  women  who  want  to  contribute 
their  skill  to  the  national  need  for  increased 
production  at  a  time  convenient  to  them- 
selves and  their  families. 

Canteens  and  Feeding  Arrangements 

New  canteens  continued  to  be  set  up 
and  most  industries  appear  to  be  recogniz- 
ing the  value  of  providing  suitable  arrange- 
ments for  workers  to  obtain  meals  on  the 
premises.  General  improvement  in  standards 


1311 


of  cooking  and  hygiene  were  noted.  At  the 
end  of  the  year  5,182  factories  employing 
more  than  250  persons  were  reported  to 
have  hot  meal  canteens.  There  was  an 
increase  also  in  the  number  of  factories 
providing  facilities  for  snack  meals. 

Appendices 

Appended  to  the  report  are  statistical 
tables  giving  the  number  of  registered 
factories,  accidents,  dangerous  occupations, 
prosecutions,  etc.  Also  included  (Appen- 
dix X)  is  the  following  list  of  some  new  and 


revised  publications  issued  by  the  Factory 
Department  during  1951: 

Seats    for    Workers    in    Factories:    Welfare 

Pamphlet  No.  6. 
Safety  of  Machine  Tools   and   Other   Plant, 

No.  4,  Guillotines  and  Shears  (Form  294). 
Memorandum  on  Safety  Measures  Required 

in  the  Use  of  Acetylene  Gas  and  in  Oxy- 

acetylene    Processes    in    Factories     (Form 

1704). 
Carbon    Monoxide    Poisoning    (Memorandum 

F.  827). 
Electricity     Regulations     (Memorandum     F. 

928). 
The  Health  of  Welders. 
Prevention  of  the  Propagation  of  Flame  in 

Aluminium   Dust   Explosions. 


Collective  Bargaining  Said  Effective  Wage-Setter 


Free  collective  bargaining  has  proved 
itself  a  flexible  and  effective  method  of 
setting  wage  rates  for  workers  in  the 
United  States,  declared  a  special  com- 
mittee of  the  Twentieth  Century  Fund 
recently.  However,  said  the  committee,  the 
parties  concerned  in  collective  bargaining 
should  give  more  attention  to  the  possible 
effects  of  their  action  on  the  economic 
system  as  a  whole. 

The  committee,  composed  of  business 
leaders,  labour  officials  and  economists,  has 
published  its  views  in  a  new  report 
"Employment  and  Wages  in  the  United 
States". 

Among  other  things,  the  nine-man 
committee  recommended: — 

That  no  set  of  mechanical  rules,  based 
on  rigid  standards  of  wage  determination, 
should  be  substituted  for  negotiation  and 
compromise  of  conflicting  pressures  and 
interests  in  the  country's  wage-setting 
process. 

That  free  collective  bargaining  has 
proved  itself  as  a  wage-setting  process,  but 
it  should  be  improved  to  reflect  more 
accurately  the  interests  of  all  parties  con- 
cerned, including  consumers,  and  to  reduce 
friction,  conflict  and  interruption  of 
production. 

That  management  can  improve  employ- 
ment conditions  by  hiring  on  merit,  assign- 
ing employees  to  jobs  for  which  they  are 
best  fitted,  and  increasing  the  security  of 
job  tenure  and  the  regularity  of  employ- 
ment. 

That  unions  should  provide  members 
with  better  information  on  job  oppor- 
tunities, eliminate  race  and  sex  discrimin- 
ation in  membership,  and  work  with 
management  to  get  workers  into  expanding 
industries  and  out  of  declining  ones. 


That  if  government  does  its  part  in 
preventing  inflation,  unions  might  be 
expected,  as  a  rough  rule,  to  accept  raises 
approximating  the  probable  rate  of  in- 
crease of  output  per  man-hour  for  the 
economy  as  a  whole. 

The  report  also  contains  individual 
opinions  of  the  members  of  the  committee 
with  regard  to  the  general  policies  that 
might  be  followed  by  labour  and  manage- 
ment in  setting  wage  rates  fair  to  the 
worker,  to  the  employer  and  to  the 
country  as  a  whole. 

Other  wage  and  employment  topics  dis- 
cussed in  the  committee's  report  and  in  the 
individual  statements  include:  the  trend 
toward  more  uniform  wage  rates  through- 
out an  industry  or  community;  seniority 
as  against  merit  promotions;  labour  con- 
tracts with  an  annual  "improvement 
factor";  the  effects  of  setting  wages 
according  to  "ability  to  pay";  the  guar- 
anteed annual  wage;   and  profit  sharing. 

Chairman  of  the  committee  was  Lloyd  K. 
Garrison,  former  Chairman  of  the  National 
War  Labour  Board.  Other  committee 
members  were  Solomon  Barkin,  Director  of 
Research,  Textile  Workers  Union  of 
America  (CIO) ;  Harry  A.  Bullis,  Chair- 
man of  General  Mills,  Inc.;  Waldo  E. 
Fisher,  professor  of  industrial  relations,. 
University  of  Pennsylvania;  Eli  L.  Oliver, 
Labor  Bureau  of  the  Middle  West; 
Sumner  H.  Slichter  of  Harvard  University; 
Louis  Stark,  editorial  writer  for  the  New 
York  Times;  Lazare  Teper,  Director  of 
Research,  International  Ladies'  Garment 
Workers'  Union  (AFL) ;  and  Harold  L. 
Zellerbach,  President  of  the  Zellerbach 
Paper  Company. 


1312 


Teamwork  in  Industry 

To  help  labour-management  production  committees  keep  informed  on  what 
other  LMPCs  in  Canada  are  doing,  the  Labour-Management  Co-operation 
Service  of  the  Department  of  Labour  publishes  the  monthly  bulletin 
Teamwork  in  Industry.  In  addition  to  stories  on  the  activities  of  LMPCs, 
Teamwork  also  carries  information  on  co-operation  from  many  other  countries 
as  well  as  features  designed  to  aid  LMPCs  in  their  work. 

One  feature  printed  in  each  issue  is  the  editorial,  which  carries  a  message 
based  on  the  experiences  of  LMPCs  in  their  many  activities. 

The  December  1952  issue  of  Teamwork  in  Industry  carried  an  editorial 
on  communication  called  "Industry's  Telephone".  The  purpose  of  the  editorial 
was  to  explain  the  role  of  the  LMPC  as  a  channel  for  information  between 
labour  and  management.    The  editorial  said: — 

"As  we  have  noted  from  time  to  time,  one  of  the  major  concerns  of 
industry  is  to  establish  adequate  channels  of  communication  between 
labour  and  management.  Older  ideas  as  to  what  constituted  good  indus- 
trial communication  have  been  replaced  by  a  new  concept.  This  new 
concept  regards  communication  as  a  free  flow  of  information  in  both 
directions,  upward  and  downward. 

"It  is  perhaps  easier  to  grasp  this  idea  if  we  regard  communications 
as  being  similar  to  a  telephone.  It  is  not  too  hard  to  imagine  how  much 
of  the  telephone's  usefulness  would  be  lost  if  it  were  capable  of  carrying 
conversation  in  one  direction  only.  Communication  in  industry  is  very 
similar  to  the  telephone.  So  long  as  all  members  of  an  organization  can 
freely  receive  and  transmit  information  in  any  direction,  there  is  no  great 
problem.  It  is  only  when  the  system  breaks  down  (or  does  not  exist) 
that  real  trouble  begins. 

"An  LMPC  is  actually  a  form  of  industrial  telephone.  It  can  both 
receive  and  transmit  messages.  It  provides  a  means  whereby  manage- 
ment and  labour  can  approach  and  discuss  mutual  problems  in  an  atmos- 
phere of  frankness  and  sincerity.  When  this  system  is  working  at  its 
best,  information  which  might  otherwise  have  remained  unknown  is  made 
available.  Perhaps  it  seems  unimportant  to  the  person  who  has  it,  but 
when  placed  in  its  proper  place  along  with  many  other  facts  it  becomes 
part  of  the  over-all  picture. 

"One  thing  which  many  LMPC  have  found  is  that  the  whole  story 
must  be  told.  Often  this  may  seem  difficult  but  experience  has  proved 
that  parts  of  a  story  will  not  do.  It  is  simply  not  good  enough  if  only 
those  elements  of  a  situation  which  are  known  to  be  acceptable  to  one 
party  or  the  other  are  told.  In  an  LMPC  the  respect  and  confidence 
established  by  a  mutually  sincere  desire  to  co-operate  allows  for  maximum 
freedom  in  exchanging  ideas,  opinions  and^information." 


Establishment  of  Labour-Management  Production  Committees  (LMPCs)  is  encour- 
aged and  assisted  by  the  Labour-Management  Co-operation  Service,  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Branch,  Department  of  Labour.  In  addition  to  field  representatives  located  in 
key  industrial  centres,  who  are  available  to  help  both  managements  and  trade  unions 
set  up  LMPCs,  the  Service  provides  publicity  aids  in  the  form  of  booklets,  films  and 
posters. 


1313 


Industrial  Relations 
and   Conciliation 


Applications  for  Certification  Received 

by  the  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 


The  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 
did  not  meet  during  July  but  during  the 
month  the  Board  received  the  following 
applications  for  certification  as  bargaining 
agent: — 

1.  United  Packinghouse  Workers  of 
America,  Local  520,  on  behalf  of  a  unit 
of  plant  employees  of  Ogilvie  Flour  Mills 
Co.,  Limited,  Winnipeg  (Investigating 
Officer:  J.  S.  Gunn). 

2.  Great  Lakes  Licensed  Officers'  Organ- 
ization, on  behalf  of  a  unit  of  marine 
engineers  of  Canadian  National  Railways 
employed  on  the  Company's  ferry  service 
between  Windsor  and  Detroit  (Investigat- 
ing Officer:  R.  L.  O'Neill). 

3.  American  Federation  of  Technical 
Engineers,  Local  165,  on  behalf  of  a  unit 
of  salaried,  technical  employees  of  Atomic 
Energy  of  Canada  Limited,  Chalk  River, 
Ont.   (Investigating  Officer:   H.  Perkins). 

4.  Canadian  Merchant  Service  Guild,  Inc., 
on    behalf    of    deck    officers    employed    by 


This  section  covers  proceedings  under 
the  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act,  involving  the  admin- 
istrative services  of  the  Minister  of 
Labour,  the  Canada  Labour  Relations 
Board  and  the  Industrial  Relations 
Branch  of  the  Department. 


Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company  on 
board  the  SS  Keewatin  and  SS  Assiniboia, 
operated  by  the  Company  on  the  Great 
Lakes  (Investigating  Officer:  L.  Pepin). 

5.  Building  Service  Employees'  Interna- 
tional Union,  Local  298,  on  behalf  of 
employees  of  Canadian  Broadcasting  Cor- 
poration emplo}^ed  in  the  maintenance  of 
Radio  Canada  Building,  Montreal  (Investi- 
gating Officer:  L.  Pepin). 

6.  Canadian  Merchant  Service  Guild, 
Inc.,  on  behalf  of  deck  officers  employed 
by  Canadian  Pacific  Steamships  Limited 
on  board  the  DEV  Beaverbrae,  operated 
by  the  Company  on  its  Atlantic  service 
(Investigating  Officer:  R.  Trepanier). 


Conciliation  and  Other  Proceedings 

before  the  Minister  of  Labour 


Conciliation  Officers  Appointed 

During  July  the  Minister  appointed 
conciliation  officers  to  deal  with  the 
following  disputes: — 

1.  Canadian  Broadcasting  Corporation 
(editorial  employees)  and  Canadian  Wire 
Services,  Local  213,  American  Newspaper 
Guild   (F.  J.  Ainsborough). 

2.  Northern  Alberta  Railways  Company, 
Edmonton,  and  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive 
Engineers  (Conciliation  Officer:  R.  H. 
Hooper). 

3.  Northern  Telephone  Company,  Limited, 
New  Liskeard,  and  Communications 
Workers  of  America  (Conciliation  Officer: 
F.  J.  Ainsborough). 

4.  Pacific  Stevedoring  and  Contracting 
Co.  Ltd.;  Canadian  Stevedoring  Company, 
Prince  Rupert,  and  International  Long- 
shoremens'  and  Warehousemens'  Union 
(Conciliation  Officer:  D.  S.  Tysoe). 


Settlements  Reported  by  Conciliation  Officers 

1.  Canadian  National  Steamships;  Cana- 
dian Pacific  Railway  Company  (B.C.  Coast 
Steamship  Service)  ;  Canadian  National 
Railwa\rs  (B.C.  Coast  and  B.C.  Lakes 
Barge  and  Ferry  Service) ;  Union  Steam- 
ships Limited ;  Frank  Waterhouse  and 
Company  of  Canada  Limited,  Vancouver; 
and  Canadian  Merchant  Service  Guild,  Inc. 
(Conciliation  Officer:  G.  R.  Currie).  (L.G., 
July,  p.  1020.) 

2.  Canadian  National  Steamships;  Cana- 
dian National  Railways  (Barge  and  Ferry 
Service,  Port  Mann;  Barge  and  Ferry 
Service,  Okanagan  Lake) ;  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway  Company  (B.C.  Coast  Steamship 
Service);  Union  Steamships  Limited;  Frank 
Waterhouse  and  Company  of  Canada 
Limited,  and  National  Association  of 
Marine  Engineers  of  Canada,  Inc.  (Con- 
ciliation Officer:  G.  R.  Currie).  (L.G., 
July.  P.  1021.) 


1314 


3.  The  Quebec  Central  Transportation 
Company,  Sherbrooke,  Que.,  and  Canadian 
Brotherhood  of  Railway  Employees  and 
Other  Transport  Workers  (Conciliation 
Officer:  R.  Trepanier).  (L.G.,  Aug., 
p.  1155.) 

Conciliation  Boards  Fully  Constituted 

1.  The  Board  of  Conciliation  and  Investi- 
gation established  to  deal  with  matters  in 
dispute  between  Canada  Steamship  Lines, 
Limited;  Colonial  Steamships  Limited; 
N.  M.  Patterson  &  Sons  Limited;  Upper 
Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  Transport  Com- 
pany Limited,  and  National  Association  of 
Marine  Engineers  of  Canada,  Inc.  (L.G., 
July,  p.  1022)  was  fully  constituted  in  July 
with  the  appointment  of  Prof.  B.  S.  Keir- 
stead,  Montreal,  as  Chairman.  Prof. 
Keirstead  was  appointed  by  the  Minister 
on  the  joint  recommendation  of  the  other 


two  members,  Joseph  Sedgwick,  QC, 
Toronto,  and  Ken  Green,  Halifax,  who 
were  previously  appointed  on  the  nomina- 
tions of  the  companies  and  union 
respectively. 

2.  The  Board  of  Conciliation  and  Investi- 
gation established  to  deal  with  matters  in 
dispute  between  Quebec  Railway,  Light  & 
Power  Company  and  National  Catholic 
Transport  Brotherhood  of  Quebec,  Inc. 
(L.G.,  Aug.,  p.  1156)  was  fully  constituted 
in  July  with  the  appointment  of  Prof. 
Maurice  Lamontagne,  Quebec,  as  Chair- 
man. Prof.  Lamontagne  was  appointed  by 
the  Minister  on  the  joint  recommendation 
of  the  other  two  members,  Jacques 
Dumoulin  and  Marcel  Belanger,  both  of 
Quebec,  who  were  previously  appointed  on 
the  nominations  of  the  company  and  union 
respectively. 


Scope  and  Administration  of  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes  Investigation  Act 


Conciliation  services  under  the  Indus- 
trial Relations  and  Disputes  Investiga- 
tion Act  are  provided  by  the  Minister 
of  Labour  through  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Branch.  The  branch  also  acts  as 
the  administrative  arm  of  the  Canada 
Labour  Relations  Board  in  matters  under 
the  Act  involving  the  board. 

The  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act  came  into  force  on 
September  1,  1948.  It  revoked  the  War- 
time Labour  Relations  Regulations,  P.C. 
1003,  which  became  effective  in  March, 
1944,  and  repealed  the  Industrial  Dis- 
putes Investigation  Act,  which  had  been 
in  force  from  1907  until  superseded  by 
the  Wartime  Regulations  in  1944.  Deci- 
sions, orders  and  certifications  given 
under  the  Wartime  Regulations  by  the 
Minister  of  Labour  and  the  Wartime 
Labour  Relations  Board  are  continued  in 
force    and   effect   by   the   Act. 

The  Act  applies  to  industries  within 
federal  jurisdiction,  i.e.,  navigation,  ship- 
ping, interprovincial  railways,  canals, 
telegraphs,  interprovincial  and  interna- 
tional steamship  lines  and  ferries,  aero- 
dromes and  air  transportation,  radio 
broadcasting  stations  and  works  declared 
by  Parliament  to  be  for  the  general 
advantage  of  Canada  or  two  or  more  of 
its  provinces.  Additionally,  the  Act 
provides  that  provincial  authorities,  if 
they  so  desire,  may  enact  similar  legis- 
lation for  application  to  industries 
within  provincial  jurisdiction  and  make 
mutually  satisfactory  arrangements  with 
the  federal  Government  for  the  admin- 
istration of  such  legislation. 

The  Minister  of  Labour  is  charged  with 
the  administration  of  the  Act  and  is 
directly  responsible  for  the  appointment 
of  conciliation  officers,  conciliation  boards, 
and  Industrial  Inquiry  Commissions  con- 
cerning complaints  that  the  Act  has  been 
violated  or  that  a  party  has  failed  to 
bargain  collectively,  and  for  applications 
for  consent  to  prosecute. 

The  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board  is 
established  under  the  Act  as  successor  to 


the  Wartime  Labour  Relations  Board  to 
administer  provisions  concerning  the  cer- 
tification of  bargaining  agents,  the  writ- 
ing of  provisions — for  incorporation  into 
collective  agreements — fixing  a  procedure 
for  the  final  settlement  of  disputes  con- 
cerning the  meaning  or  violation  of  such 
agreements  and  the  investigation  of  com- 
plaints referred  to  it  by  the  minister  that 
a  party  has  failed  to  bargain  collectively 
and  to  make  every  reasonable  effort  to 
conclude  a  collective  agreement. 

Copies  of  the  Industrial  Relations  and 
Disputes  Investigation  Act,  the  Regula- 
tions made  under  the  Act,  and  the  Rules 
of  Procedure  of  the  Canada  Labour 
Relations  Board  are  available  upon 
request  to  the  Department  of  Labour, 
Ottawa. 

Proceedings  under  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions and  Disputes  Investigation  Act  are 
reported  below  under  two  headings: 
(1)  Certification  and  other  Proceedings 
before  the  Canada  Labour  Relations 
Board,  and  (2)  Conciliation  and  other 
Proceedings  before  the  Minister  of 
Labour. 

Industrial  Relations  Officers  of  the 
Department  of  Labour  are  stationed  at 
Vancouver,  Winnipeg,  Toronto,  Ottawa, 
Montreal,  Fredericton,  Halifax  and  St. 
John's,  Newfoundland.  The  territory  of 
two  officers  resident  in  Vancouver  com- 
prises British  Columbia,  Alberta  and  the 
Yukon  and  Northwest  Territories;  two 
officers  stationed  in  Winnipeg  cover  the 
provinces  of  Saskatchewan  and  Manitoba 
and  Northwestern  Ontario;  three  officers 
resident  in  Toronto  confine  their  activi- 
ties to  Ontario;  three  officers  in  Mont- 
real are  assigned  to  the  province  of 
Quebec,  and  a  total  of  three  officers 
resident  in  Fredericton,  Halifax  and  St. 
John's  represent  the  Department  in  the 
Maritime  Provinces  and  Newfoundland. 
The  headquarters  of  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Branch  and  the  Director  of 
Industrial  Relations  and  staff  are  situated 
in  Ottawa. 


1315 


3.  The  Board  of  Conciliation  and  Investi- 
gation established  to  deal  with  matters  in 
dispute  between  Quebec  Railway,  Light  & 
Power  Company,  and  Catholic  Syndicate  of 
Garage  Employees  of  the  Quebec  Railway, 
Light  &  Power  Company,  Inc.  (L.G.,  Aug., 
p.  1156)  was  fully  constituted  in  July  with 
the  appointment  of  Prof.  Maurice  Lamon- 
tagne,  Quebec,  as  Chairman.  Prof. 
Lamontagne  was  appointed  by  the  Minister 
on  the  joint  recommendation  of  the  other 
two  members,  Jacques  Dumoulin  and 
Marcel  Belanger,  both  of  Quebec,  who  were 
previously  appointed  on  the  nominations  of 
the  company  and  union  respectively. 

4.  The  Board  of  Conciliation  and  Investi- 
gation established  to  deal  with  matters  in 
dispute  between  the  Brookland  Company 
Limited  (Radio  Station  CKWS,  Kingston) 
and  National  Association  of  Broadcast 
Engineers  and  Technicians  was  fully  con- 
stituted in  July  with  the  appointment  of 
Eric  Taylor,  Toronto,  as  Chairman.  Mr. 
Taylor  was  appointed  by  the  Minister  on 
the  joint  recommendation  of  the  other  two 
members,  Joseph  Sedgwick,  QC,  Toronto, 
and  Miller  Stewart,  Sturgeon  Point,  Ont., 
who  were  previously  appointed  on  the 
nominations  of  the  company  and  the  union 
respectively. 

5.  The  Board  of  Conciliation  and  Investi- 
gation established  to  deal  with  matters  in 
dispute  between  the  Brookland  Company 
Limited  (Radio  Station  CHEX,  Peter- 
borough) and  National  Association  of 
Broadcast  Engineers  and  Technicians  was 
fully  constituted  in  July  with  the  appoint- 
ment of  Eric  Taylor,  Toronto,  as  Chairman. 
Mr.  Taylor  was  appointed  by  the  Minister 
on  the  joint  recommendation  of  the  other 
two  members,  Joseph  Sedgewick,  QC, 
Toronto,  and  Miller  Stewart,  Sturgeon 
Point,  Ont.,  who  were  previously  appointed 
on  the  nominations  of  the  company  and 
union  respectively. 


6.  The  Board  of  Conciliation  and  Investi- 
gation established  to  deal  with  matters  in 
dispute  between  National  Harbours  Board, 
Halifax,  and  Division  231,  Canadian 
Brotherhood  of  Railway  Employees  and 
Other  Transport  Workers  (L.G.,  July, 
p.  1021)  was  fully  constituted  in  July  with 
the  appointment  of  Mr.  Justice  V.  J. 
Pottier,  Halifax,  as  Chairman.  Mr.  Justice 
Pottier  was  appointed  by  the  Minister  on 
the  joint  recommendation  of  the  other  two 
members,  J.  T.  MacQuerrie,  QC,  and  R.  A. 
Kanigsberg,  QC,  both  of  Halifax,  who  were 
previously  appointed  on  the  nominations  of 
the  employer  and  union  respectively. 

Conciliation  Board  Reports  Received 

1.  J.  C.  A.  Turcotte;  Wolfe  Stevedores 
Limited;  Empire  Stevedoring  Co.  Ltd.; 
North  American  Elevators  Ltd.;  Sorel  Dock 
Stevedoring  Co.  Ltd.;  Brown  &  Ryan 
Limited;  Eastern  Canada  Stevedoring  Co. 
Ltd.,  and  National  Catholic  Syndicate  of 
Longshoremen  of  Sorel,  Inc.  (L.G.,  June, 
p.  874).  Text  of  the  Board's  report  is 
reproduced  below. 

2.  National  Harbours  Board,  Montreal, 
and  Brotherhood  of  Railway  and  Steamship 
Clerks,  Freight  Handlers,  Express  and 
Station  Employees  (L.G.,  July,  p.  1022). 
Text  of  the  Board's  report  is  reproduced 
below. 

Settlement  Following  Board  Procedure 

British  Columbia  Coast  Steamship 
Service  (Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Com- 
pany); Canadian  National  Steamships; 
Union  Steamships  Limited,  Vancouver,  and 
Seafarers'  International  Union  of  North 
America,  Canadian  District  (L.G.,  May, 
p.  699). 


TUC   Publishes  History  of  British  Unionism 

A  brief  history  of  Britain's  trade  union  movement  has  just  been  published  by  the 
Trades  Union  Congress,  under  the  title  Two  Centuries  of  Trade  Unionism. 

TUC  secretary  Sir  Vincent  Tewson,  in  a  foreword,  describes  it  as  a  "thrilling  story  of 
vision,  struggle,  sacrifice  and  accomplishment". 

No  more  than  an  introduction  to  the  history  and  development  of  trade  unions  in 
Britain,  its  purpose  is  to  impress  upon  the  present  generation  of  trade  unionists,  young 
trade  unionists  in  particular,  a  sence  of  the  inheritance  they  have  entered  upon. 

"An  appreciation  of  our  great  history,"  Sir  Vincent  writes,  "cannot  fail  to  spur 
present-day  trade  unionists  to  a  full  sense  of  their  mission,  and  to  encourage  them  to  play 
an  intelligent  and  forward-looking  part  in  the  shaping  of  national  and  international  policy." 


1316 


Report  of  Board  in  Dispute  between 

J.  C.  A.  Turcotte,  Wolfe  Stevedores  Limited,  Empire 
Stevedoring  Co.  Ltd.,  North  American  Elevators  Ltd., 
Sorel  Dock  &  Stevedoring  Co.  Ltd.,  Brown  &  Ryan  Ltd., 
and  Eastern  Canada  Stevedoring  Co.  Ltd. 

and 

National  Catholic  Syndicate  of  Longshoremen  of  Sorel,  Inc. 


Translation 

The  Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg, 
Minister  of  Labour, 
Ottawa,  Ont. 

In  the  matter  of  the  dispute  between  The 
National  Catholic  Syndicate  of  Long- 
shoremen of  Sorel,  Inc.  and  J.  C.  A. 
Turcotte,  Wolfe  Stevedores  Limited, 
Empire  Stevedoring  Co.  Ltd.,  North 
American  Elevators  Ltd.,  Sorel  Dock 
&  Stevedoring  Co.  Ltd.,  Brown  &  Ryan 
Limited  and  Eastern  Canada  Stevedor- 
ing Co.  Ltd. 

Dear  Sir: — 

The  Board  of  Conciliation  and  Investi- 
gation established  by  you  to  deal  with 
matters  in  dispute  between  the  above- 
mentioned  parties,  begs  to  submit  its 
report. 

The  Board  was  composed  of  His  Honour 
Judge  Andre  Montpetit,  of  the  Superior 
Court,  as  Chairman,  of  Mr.  Leonce  Plante, 
QC,  representing  the  employers,  and  of 
Mr.  Marc  Lapointe,  barrister,  representing 
the  Syndicate. 

We  held  a  preliminary  meeting  on 
April  21,  1953  and  three  public  meetings 
on  the  following  dates:  April  30  (in  Sorel), 
May  7  and  May  13  (in  Montreal).  The 
Board  met  alone  on  July  22  and  23. 

The  Syndicate's  requests  which  we  have 
examined  and  on  which  we  must  take 
decisions  through  recommendations  which 
we  consider  appropriate,  are  in  the  form  of 
amendments  to  the  collective  agreement 
dated  June  21,  1952,  the  expiry  date  of 
which  is  January  31,  1953.  (See  Exhibit 
S.l,  Article  XVII.) 


The  Syndicate  suggests  that  subsection 
"B"  of  Section  IV,  entitled  "Unloading  of 
Grain",  be  amended  in  order  to  provide 
time  and  one-half  instead  of  $1.53  per 
hour,  "for  any  work  between  7  p.m.  and 
6  a.m.". 


On  July  24,  1953,  the  Minister  of 
Labour  received  the  unanimous  report 
of  the  Board  of  Conciliation  and 
Investigation  appointed  to  deal  with 
matters  in  dispute  between  the  National 
Catholic  Syndicate  of  Longshoremen  of 
Sorel,  Inc.,  and  J.  C.  A.  Turcotte, 
Wolfe  Stevedores  Limited,  Empire 
Stevedoring  Co.  Ltd.,  North  American 
Elevators  Ltd.,  Sorel  Dock  &  Stevedor- 
ing Co.  Ltd.,  Brown  &  Ryan  Limited 
and  Eastern  Canada  Stevedoring  Co. 
Ltd. 

The  Board  was  under  the  Chairman- 
ship of  Mr.  Justice  Andre  Montpetit, 
Montreal,  appointed  by  the  Minister  in 
the  absence  of  a  joint  recommendation 
from  the  other  two  members  of  the 
Board.  The  nominee  of  the  companies 
was  Leonce  Plante,  QC,  Montreal;  the 
union  nominee,  Marc  Lapointe,  MCL, 
Montreal. 

The  text  of  the  Board's  report  is 
reproduced  herewith. 


Strangely  enough,  the  agreement,  as  it 
now  reads,  provides  time  and  one-half  for 
all  night  work  except  that  of  grain  unload- 
ing for  which  a  premium  of  25  cents  an 
hour  applies  (the  regular  hourly  rate  for 
day  work  being  $1.28). 

The  Board  is  of  the  opinion  that  there 
is  no  reason  for  this,  and  it  recommends 
that  the  employers  grant  the  amendment 
as  submitted  by  the  Syndicate. 

II 

The  Syndicate's  second  request  provides 
(Section  V  "Loading  and  Unloading  of 
Cargo")  that  in  the  case  of  the  setting  up 
of  stevedoring  gear  with  used  lumber  there 
should  be  a  premium  of  10  cents  an  hour 
above  the  regular  rates. 

The  evidence,  on  the  whole,  indicates 
that,  as  a  general  rule,  the  setting  up  of 
partitions  follows  cleaning.  But  nowhere — 
and  the  point  has  not  been  denied — is  a 
special  premium  paid  for  setting  up  work 
as  such. 


1317 


Under  the  circumstances,  the  Board  is 
of  the  opinion  that  there  is  no  reason  for 
supporting  the  amendment  submitted  by 
the  Syndicate. 

Ill 

Re  Section  VI  (Loading  and  Unloading 
of  certain  products  from  box  cars  and 
ships),  the  Syndicate  asks  that  "special 
clothing  be  supplied  by  the  Companies  for 
the  handling  of  creosoted  wood  (aprons, 
mittens  and  cuffs)". 

If  the  workers  handling  creosoted  wood 
were  not  already  receiving  an  additional 
premium  of  15  cents  granted  to  them 
sometime  ago,  the  Board  would  not  have 
hesitated  to  endorse  the  suggestion  made 
by  the  Syndicate.  But  such  a  premium  is 
provided  in  all  cases  of  loading  or  unload- 
ing substances  or  products  the  handling  of 
which  presents  any  physical  risk. 

That  being  so,  the  Board  does  not  feel 
it  should  endorse  the  Syndicate's  request  in 
the  particular  case  of  creosoted  wood, 
inasmuch  as,  according  to  the  Syndicate's 
own  witnesses,  the  clothes  that  the  long- 
shoremen might  need  only  cost  from  $3 
to  $3.50  (a  set)  and  that  two  "sets"  per 
season  would  suffice. 

IV 

The  Syndicate  (Section  VII,  Work  on 
Sundays  and  Holidays)  requests  that  the 
Feast  of  the  Immaculate  Conception — 
December  8th — be  added  to  the  five  holi- 
days already  recognized  in  the  agreement. 

To  all  practical  purposes  this  request  of 
the  Syndicate  is  of  no  consequence,  as  it 
nearly  never  happens  that  longshoremen 
are  called  to  work  in  such  a  late  period  of 
the  year  when  the  shipping  season  is  nearly 
always  over.  Furthermore,  the  Syndicate 
has  shown  that  Immaculate  Conception 
Day  is  recognized  as  a  holiday  in  most  of 
the  agreements  of  the  Sorel  area. 

Considering  the  above,  and 

Considering  that  recognition  of  six  holi- 
days instead  of  five  seems  reasonable; 

Considering  that  there  is  no  important 
objection  that  this  sixth  holiday  be  on 
Immaculate  Conception  Day; 

The  Board  recommends  that  the 
Employers  accept  the  amendment  sug- 
gested by  the  Syndicate. 


The  Syndicate  request  in  Section  VIII 
(Foremen)  that  all  foremen  receive  a 
premium  of  $0.25  per  hour  (instead  of 
$0.10)  over  the  regular  rate  paid  to  long- 
shoremen. 

According  to  the  evidence,  foremen 
received  a  premium  of  $0.20  per  hour  in 
1947,  1948  and  1949.    In  1950,  this  premium 


was  changed  to  a  bonus  based  on  the 
number  of  hours  required  to  load  and 
unload  a  ship.  In  1952,  the  bonus  was 
replaced  by  the  present  $0.10  premium. 

It  is  clearly  established  that  this  last 
change  has  brought  about  a  marked 
decrease  of  the  foremen's  take  home  pay, 
even  with  the  general  increase  in  long- 
shoremen's wages. 

For  these  reasons,  the  Board  recom- 
mends that  said  premium  be  re-established 
to  the  previous  amount  of  $0.20  per  hour. 

VI 

During  our  public  hearings,  the  parties 
agreed  to  make  a  written  submission  con- 
cerning the  Syndicate's  proposed  changes 
to  Section  IX  (Mooring  Men).  Unfor- 
tunately, they  have  not  done  so,  and  their 
suggestions  in  their  respective  briefs  as  to 
how  this  Section  should  read  differs 
greatly. 

However  that  may  be,  we  feel  that  in 
combining  these  two  proposals  we  could 
arrive  at  a  satisfactory  solution.  Here  is 
what  we  suggest — 

"However,     if     these     men     should 

already  be  working  for  a  Company  when  an 
ocean-going  steamer  is  berthed,  they  shall 
not  be  displaced  before  the  Companies  have 
communicated  with  the  Syndicate  to  obtain 
other  men  for  that  purpose.  If  the 
Syndicate  cannot  then  supply  the  mooring 
men  required  and  if  the  Companies  must 
use  men  already  at  work,  these  men  will 
not  then  be  entitled  to  two  hours  pay  on 
top  of  their  regular  wage." 

It  goes  without  saying  that  if  the  parties 
concerned,  who  are  in  agreement  on  the 
principle  involved,  wish  to  change  the  text 
we  have  submitted  they  can  do  so  at  their 
discretion. 

VII 

The  first  amendment  submitted  here  by 
the  Syndicate  (Section  XII,  para,  "a")  to 
the  effect  of  eliminating  the  waiting  period 
of  30  minutes  in  the  morning,  at  7  a.m., 
and  at  noon,  at  1  p.m.,  has  been  accepted 
by  the  Employers. 

The  Employers  are  firmly  opposed  to 
doing  away  with  the  3.30  p.m.  call,  and 
rightly  so  in  our  opinion.  We  are  con- 
vinced that  it  is  not  even  in  the  long- 
shoremen's interest  to  change  the  status 
quo.  In  fact,  if  such  were  the  case,  the 
danger  of  diverting  the  regular  shipping 
traffic  to  ports  where  the  work  can  be  done 
at  regular  rates  and  without  near-penalty 
delay  would  increase. 

During  the  first  public  conciliation  meet- 
ing, the  Syndicate  dropped  the  third 
amendment  it  had  submitted  to  article  XII. 


1318 


VIII 

We  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  Employers 
should  agree  to  change  article  VIII  in  order 
"to  have  a  foreman  assigned  to  all  pump 
men,"  as  suggested  by  the  Syndicate,  and 
this  for  the  simple  reason  that  in  not  doing 
so  they  violate  the  provisions  of  article 
XIII  (para,  "b")  of  the  agreement,  which 
presently  reads  as  follows:  "...the  men 
shall  receive  orders  through  their  own 
foremen  . . ." 

IX 

The  Syndicate,  here,  asks  for  a  closed 
shop.  The  Syndicate  recognizes,  however, 
that  to  all  practical  purposes  the  Employers, 
in  accordance  with  article  XVI  of  the 
agreement,  have  always  given  preferential 
employment  to  the  members  of  the 
Syndicate.  The  Employers,  however,  object 
to  a  definite  agreement  concerning  a  closed 
shop.  While  admitting  that  such  reason 
for  refusing  to  recommend  this  clause  is 
not  a  valid  one,  we  believe  that  it  would 
not  be  advisable  in  this  case  because  of  the 
serious  difficulties  which  arose  recently 
between  the  two  parties.  Under  the  cir- 
cumstances, we  would  ask  the  Syndicate  to 
leave  any  discussion  of  the  matter  until  a 
later  date  and  to  renew  the  agreement 
without  amending  article  XVI  at  the 
present  time. 

It  was  suggested  by  the  Syndicate  that 
a  contributory  pension  fund  be  established, 
which  fund  should  be  administered  jointly 
by  Employer  and  Syndicate  representatives. 

We  readily  admit  that,  in  principle,  a 
contributory  pension  fund  is  desirable,  but 
in  the  absence  of  proof  to  the  contrary 
and  of  appropriate  information,  we  do  not 
believe  that  for  the  time  being  we  should 
go  beyond  a  recommendation  to  the  parties 
to  include  in  their  next  collective  agree- 
ment a  clause  to  the  effect  that,  following 
the  Syndicate's  suggestion,  they  undertake 
to   discuss   and   to   put   into   effect,   during 


the  life  of  the  agreement  if  possible,  a 
contributory  pension  plan  acceptable  to  all 
concerned. 

XI 

Concerning  the  educational  fund  men- 
tioned under  this  heading,  it  is  our 
recommendation,  should  the  Syndicate 
establish  such  fund,  that  the  Employers 
agree  to  deduct  one  cent  (lc.)  for  each 
hour  worked  from  the  wages  of  each 
stevedore  and  remit  the  amount  thus 
collected  to  the  Syndicate. 

XII 

The  Syndicate  has  suggested  a  20  cents 
an  hour  wage  increase  across  the  board. 

After  due  consideration  and  having  taken 
into  account  all  the  factors  submitted  to 
us,  it  is  our  opinion  that  the  Employers 
should  grant  a  10  cents  an  hour  increase 
as  of  this  date. 

We  have  come  to  this  conclusion  mainly 
because,  in  our  humble  opinion,  the  current 
differential  between  the  wages  paid  to 
stevedores  in  Montreal  and  Quebec  and 
those  paid  in  Sorel,  namely  38  cents  and 
28  cents  an  hour,  respectively,  is  out  of 
proportion  and  should  be  rectified  in  some 
measure. 

Although  the  matter  has  not  been  brought 
before  us,  we  recommend  that  the  parties 
concerned  sign  a  collective  agreement  for 
one  year,  effective  as  of  this  date. 

All  the  above  recommendations  constitute 
the  Board's  unanimous  decision. 

(Respectfully  submitted, 

Andre  Montpetit, 
Chairman. 
Leonce  Plante. 
Marc  Lapointe. 
Dated    at    Montreal,    this    23rd    day    of 
July  1953. 


STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  1952 
With  Information  for  Certain  Other  Countries 

Price:  15  cents 

Contains  a  detailed  list  of  strikes  and  lockouts  occurring  in  Canada 
during  1952,  together  with  tables  showing  time  loss,  workers  involved, 
causes   and   results;  and   also   information   for    certain    other    countries 


1319 


Report  of  Board  in  Dispute  between 

National  Harbours  Board,  Montreal 

and 

Brotherhood  of  Railway  and  Steamship  Clerks,  Freight 

Handlers,  Express  and  Station  Employees 


The  Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  M.P., 
Minister  of  Labour, 
Ottawa,  Ontario. 

Dear  Sir: — 

The  Board  of  Conciliation  and  Investi- 
gation appointed  under  the  provisions  of 
the  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act  in  the  matter  of  a  dispute 
between  the  National  Harbours  Board, 
Montreal,  and  the  Brotherhood  of  Railway 
and  Steamship  Clerks,  Freight  Handlers, 
Express  and  Station  Employees,  was  com- 
posed of  Messrs.  H.  Carl  Goldenberg,  QC, 
Chairman,  Michael  Rubinstein,  nominee  of 
the  Union,  and  K.  G.  K.  Baker,  nominee 
of  the  Employer. 

Having  heard  and  examined  the  repre- 
sentations of  the  parties  to  the  dispute, 
the  Board  is  now  pleased  to  report  as 
follows: — 

The  dispute  arises  from  a  demand  by 
the  Brotherhood  for  revisions  in  the 
collective  agreements  between  the  parties. 
The  Board  has  been  advised  that  the 
parties  have  reached  an  understanding  on 
a  number  of  proposed  revisions.  The 
remaining  matters  in  dispute  are  the 
following  demands  by  the  Brotherhood: 

(a)  A  five  day  40-hour  work  week  with 
no  decrease  in  take-home  pay,  effec- 
tive January  1,  1953. 

(b)  A  general  increase  of  30  cents  per 
hour  in  all  rates  of  pay,  effective 
January  1,  1953. 

(c)  A  compulsory  check-off  of  Union  dues 
for  all  employees  covered  by  the 
collective  agreements  between  the 
parties. 

The  40-Hour  Week 
The  Union  submits  that  the  40-hour  week 
is  now  in  effect  in  many  industries,  includ- 
ing the  Canadian  railways  and  the  lake- 
head  elevators,  and  that  in  maintaining  the 
44-  and  45-hour  week,  the  Employer  is 
behind  the  times.  The  Employer  submits 
that  the  high  intensity  of  work  during  the 
navigation  season,  as  is  evidenced  by  the 
number  of  hours  of  overtime  work,  would 
make  a  40-hour  week  impracticable  during 
that  season.  Nevertheless,  the  Employer 
expressed   readiness   to   consider  the   intro- 


On  July  16,  1953,  the  Minister  of 
Labour  received  the  unanimous  report 
of  the  Board  of  Conciliation  and 
Investigation  appointed  to  deal  with 
matters  in  dispute  between  the  Brother- 
hood of  Railway  and  Steamship  Clerks, 
Freight  Handlers,  Express  and  Station 
Employees  and  National  Harbours 
Board,  Montreal. 

The  Board  was  under  the  Chairman- 
ship of  H.  Carl  Goldenberg,  QC, 
Montreal,  who  was  appointed  by  the 
Minister  on  the  joint  recommendation 
of  the  other  two  members  of  the  Board. 
The  nominee  of  the  company  was 
K.  G.  K.  Baker,  Montreal;  the  union 
nominee,  Michael  Rubinstein,  Montreal. 

The  text  of  the  Board's  Report  is 
reproduced  herewith. 


duction  of  a  40-hour  week  during  the  non- 
navigation  season,  provided  that  a  reason- 
able agreement  is  reached  in  respect  of 
basic  wage  increases. 

The  Board  recognizes  the  fact  that  the 
40-hour  week  is  becoming  more  widespread 
in  industry,  including  public  utilities,  but 
it  also  recognizes  the  special  features  of 
the  operations  of  the  National  Harbours 
Board.  Accordingly,  it  recommends  that 
at  this  stage  the  collective  agreements 
between  the  parties  be  amended  to  provide 
for  the  40-hour  week  during  the  non- 
navigation  season,  that  is,  from  approxi- 
mately the  first  week  of  December  to 
approximately  the  middle  of  April,  effective 
December  1953. 

Rates  of  Pay 
The  Union  submits  that  rates  of  pay 
under  the  existing  agreements  are  out  of 
line  with  the  rates  for  similar  operations 
in  related  industries,  and,  further,  that  the 
cost  of  living  and  increased  productivity 
are  additional  factors  warranting  the  pro- 
posed increase.  The  Employer,  on  the 
other- hand,  submits  that  existing  rates  are 
not  out  of  line  and  points  to  a  reduction 
of  approximately  4  per  cent  in  the  cost- 
of-living  index  between  December  1,  1951, 
and  May  1,  1953. 


1320 


Having  examined  comparable  rates  of  pay 
and  having  regard  to  its  recommendation 
that  the  40-hour  work  week  be  introduced 
in  the  non-navigation  season,  the  Board 
recommends  as  follows: — 

(a)  That  the  duration  of  the  collective 
agreements  between  the  parties  be 
extended  to  December  31,  1954; 

(b)  That  effective  January  1,  1953,  the 
hourly  rate  for  employees  in  each  of 
the  hourly  rated  classifications  be 
increased  by  7  per  cent,  with  a 
minimum  increase  of  8  cents  per 
hour,  the  increase  to  be  paid  only  to 
employees  who  are  presently  in  the 
employ  of  the  National  Harbours 
Board  and  to  those  who  have  retired 
on  pension  during  the  period  covered 
by  the  increase.  The  Board  desires 
to  point  out  that  the  said  increase 
of  7  per  cent  includes  a  basic  increase 
of  5  per  cent  and  an  increase  of  2 
per  cent  to  compensate  for  the 
introduction  in  December  1953  of  the 
40-hour  week  in  the  non-navigation 
season ; 

(c)  That  effective  January  1,  1954,  the 
hourly  rate  for  employees  in  each 
of  the  hourly  rated  classifications  be 
increased  by  an  additional  2  per  cent 
as  further  compensation  for  the 
introduction  of  the  40-hour  week  in 
the  non-navigation  season. 

Union  Dues  Check-off 
The  Union  demands  a  compulsory 
check-off  of  regular  Union  dues  from  all 
employees,  whether  or  not  they  are 
members  of  the  Union,  on  the  ground  that 
all  employees  are  beneficiaries  of  Union 
action  and  should,  therefore,  contribute 
towards  the  expense  involved.  It  points 
out  further  that  this  practice  has  now  been 
introduced  by  the  Canadian  railways  as  well 
as  other  employers. 

The  Board  notes  that  the  existing 
collective  agreements  between  the  parties 
do  not  provide  for  a  check-off  of  any  kind. 
It  notes  further  that  in  the  negotiations 
between  the  same  parties  for  the  renewal 
of  the  collective  agreements  which  termin- 
ated in  1951,  the  Union  demanded  a 
voluntary  check-off.  The  Board  of  Con- 
ciliation appointed  to  consider  the  dispute 
at  that  time,  and  consisting  of  the  same 
members  as  the  present  Board,  recom- 
mended as  follows: — 

With  respect  to  the  Union's  demand 
for  a  voluntary  check-off  of  Union  dues, 
the  Board  is  aware   that  this  is  now   a 


common  practice  in  industry  and  can  see 
no  reasonable  objection  to  it.  However, 
it  is  a  practice  which  has  not  as  yet 
been  adopted  by  Crown  Corporations 
such  as  the  National  Harbours  Board. 
In  the  absence  of  Government  policy 
authorizing  such  Crown  Corporations  to 
introduce  the  voluntary  check-off  of 
Union  dues,  the  Board  can  only  recom- 
mend that  this  demand  be  reviewed 
again  in  the  light  of  Government  policy 
at  the  termination  of  the  renewed 
agreements. 

The  present  Board  is  pleased  to  note 
that  Government  policy  now  authorizes  the 
voluntary  check-off.  Accordingly,  while  it 
is  of  the  opinion  that  the  Union's  current 
demand  be  reviewed  again  at  the  termina- 
tion of  the  agreements  in  the  light  of  policy 
and  practice  at  that  time,  the  Board  recom- 
mends that  the  existing  collective  agree- 
ments between  the  parties  be  amended  to 
provide  for  a  voluntary  check-off  of  normal 
Union  dues  which  shall  be  irrevocable 
during  the  term  of  the  said  agreements, 
save  that  Union  members  may  withdraw 
their  authorization  therefor  within  fifteen 
days  prior  to  the  termination  date  of  the 
agreements. 

The  whole  respectfully  submitted. 

(Sgd.)  H.  Carl  Goldenberg, 

Chairman. 
(Sgd.)  Michael  Rubinstein, 

Member. 
(Sgd.)  K.  G.  K.  Baker, 

Member. 

Comment  by  Mr.  Michael  Rubinstein 

While  concurring  in  the  recommendations 
of  the  Board,  I  desire  to  record  a  difference 
of  opinion  with  respect  to  the  check-off  of 
Union  dues.  The  Board  suggests  that  this 
matter  be  reviewed  again  at  the  termina- 
tion of  the  agreements  in  the  light  of 
policy  and  practice  at  that  time.  It  is  my 
view  that  the  Union's  demand  for  the 
introduction  of  the  Rand  Formula  be 
reviewed  again  before  the  end  of  this  year. 
The  reasons  for  introducing  this  Formula 
have  been  amply  explained  in  the  Union's 
brief,  and  perhaps  even  more  clearly  in 
the  decision  of  Mr.  Justice  Rand  in  the 
Ford  Motor  case,  1946,  and  it  is  needless 
to  repeat  them  here.  In  the  earliest  days 
of  democratic  struggles,  the  principle  of  no 
taxation  without  representation  was  basic. 
We  should  go  a  step  further  to  make  it  also 
one  of  "no  representation  without  taxation". 

(Sgd.)  Michael  Rubinstein. 

July  15,  1953. 


77966—6 


1321 


Collective    Agreements 
and    Wage    Schedules 


Recent  Collective  Agreements 


Manufacturing 

Paper  Products — Toronto,  Ont. —  Brad- 
shaw's  Limited  and  International 
Printing  Pressmen  and  Assistants' 
Union  of  North  America,  Local  466. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  May  1, 
1953,  to  April  30,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year,  subject  to  60  days'  notice. 

Check-off:  compulsory  for  all  employees 
after  completion  of  probationary  period. 
However,  when  authorized  the  company  will 
deduct  union  dues  from  the  pay  of  new 
employees  prior  to  the  completion  of  the 
probationary  period. 

Hours:  8  per  day  Monday  through  Friday, 
a  40-hour  week.  Overtime:  time  and  one- 
half  for  the  first  3  hours  in  excess  of  8 
hours  per  day,  double  time  thereafter  and 
for  work  on  Sunday  and  on  8  specified  paid 
holidays.  In  1953  Coronation  Day  is  added 
to  the  list  of  the  8  paid  holidays.  Employees 
losing  time  of  their  own  volition  must  make 
up  their  time  in  the  current  week  before 
overtime  rates  apply. 

Rest  periods:  female  employees  will  be 
entitled  to  two  10-minute  rest  periods  per 
shift.  All  employees  will  be  allowed  5 
minutes  in  which  to  wash  up  at  the  end  of 
the  shift. 

Vacations  ivith  pay:  one  week  after  one 
year  and  2  weeks  after  3  years  of  continuous 
service. 

Hourly  wage  rates:  males — rotary  press- 
man $1.45  to  $1.90,  assistant  $1.05  to  $1.40; 
gravure  pressman  and  laminator  operator 
$1.55  to  $1.85,  gravure  helper  $1.05  to  $1.40, 
gravure  assistant  $1.45  and  $1.50;  aniline 
pressman  $1.45  to  $1.80,  assistant  $1.05  to 
$1.40;  waxer  operator  $1.32  to  $1.47,  assis- 
tant $1.05  to  $1.30;  slitter  operator  $1.37  to 
$1.52,  assistant  $1.05  to  $1.35;  cutter  $1.12 
to  $1.62;  bag  machine  adjuster  $1.48  to 
$1.75,  operator  $1.05  to  $1.62;  lathe 
machinist  $1.07  to  $1.62,  general  machinists 
$1.07  to  $1.72,  electro  plater  $1.07  to  $1.52, 
rubber  plate  maker  $1.05  to  $1.55,  shipping 
and  receiving  help  $1.05  to  $1.35,  assistant 
shipper  $1.05  to  $1.40,  truck  driver  $1.25 
and  $1.45,  ink  man  $1.05  to  $1.50;  general 
help,  plate  man  (apprentice)  $1.05  to  $1.30; 
females — 75  cents  to  $1.35.  (The  above  rates 
are,  in  most  cases  from  3  to  20  cents  per 
hour  higher  than  the  previous  rates.) 

Off-shift  differential:  employees  working  on 
the  afternoon  and  night  shifts  will  be  paid 
15  per  cent  over  the  regular  hourly  rate. 

Provision  is  made  for  seniority  rights  and 
grievance  procedure. 

Oil    Refining — Regina,    Moose    Jaw,    Sas- 
katoon    and     Rosetown,     Sask. — The 
Hi-Way    Refineries    Limited    and    Oil 
Workers    International     Union,    Local 
609. 
Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  September 
21,    1952,   to   December   31,    1953,   and   there- 
after  from  year   to   year,   subject  to   notice. 


A  file  of  collective  agreements  is  main- 
tained in  the  Economics  and  Research 
Branch  of  the  Department  of  Labour. 
These  are  obtained  directly  from  the 
parties  involved  and  through  the  Indus- 
trial Relations  Branch  of  the  Depart- 
ment. A  number  of  those  recently 
received  are  summarized  here.  Agree- 
ments made  obligatory  under  the  Collec- 
tive Agreement  Act  in  Quebec  are 
summarized  in  a  separate  article  follow- 
ing this. 


Union  security:  union  shop. 

Check-off:  voluntary. 

Hours:  for  hourly-rated  employees — 8  per 
day  5  days  a  week,  a  40-hour  week;  for 
head  office  staff — 7  per  day  Monday  through 
Friday,  a  35-hour  week.  Overtime:  time  and 
one-half  for  work  in  excess  of  above  hours, 
double  time  for  work  on  regularly  assigned 
Sundays  and  double  time  and  one-half  on  8 
specified  paid  holidays  and  on  any  other  day 
proclaimed  a  holiday  (also  paid).  Com- 
mencing April  1,  1953,  hours  worked  by  a 
truck  driver  in  excess  of  40  hours  in  any 
calendar  week  will  accumulate  to  his  credit 
at  the  rate  of  one  and  one-half  hours  for 
each  hour  worked  until  a  maximum  of  174 
hours  is  reached,  and  at  straight  time  there- 
after. Where  a  truck  driver  works  less  than 
40  hours  in  any  week,  each  hour  by  which 
the  number  of  hours  is  less  than  40  shall 
cancel  one  hour  accumulated  at  straight  time 
in  excess  of  174  hours  or  one  hour  which 
may  accumulate  in  the  future  to  the  credit 
of  the  driver.  Within  7  days  of  March  31 
in  each  year  truck  drivers  will  be  paid  wages 
at  the  rate  of  straight  time  for  every  accum- 
ulated hour  remaining  to  their  credit. 

Rest  periods:  employees  will  be  granted 
two  15-minute  rest  periods  per  day. 

Vacations  with  pay:  after  one  year's 
service  two  weeks;  employees  with  less  than 
one  year's  service  will  be  entitled  to  one 
day  for  each  month  of  service  or  fraction 
thereof. 

Paid  sick  leave:  every  employee  shall 
accumulate  sick  leave  credits  at  the  rate  of 
one  day  for  each  calendar  month,  or  major 
fraction  thereof,  of  service.  Such  credits 
shall  accumulate  from  the  commencement  of 
employment  but  employees  will  be  entitled 
to  sick  leave  with  pay  only  after  the  com- 
pletion of  3  months  of  continuous  service. 
Employees  qualifying  for  workmen's  compen- 
sation will  receive  their  regular  rate  of  pay 
from  the  company  but  the  payments  made 
by  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Board  shall 
become  the  property  of  the  company. 

Compassionate  leave  of  absence  up  to  5 
days  will  be  granted  to  any  employee  in  case 
of  pressing  emergency  (sickness  or  death  in 
employee's  immediate  family). 

Hourly  wage  rates  for  certain  classifica- 
tions: maintenance  department — high  pres- 
sure   welders    $1.75    and    $2.02,    pipe    fitters 


1322 


$1.75  and  $1.92,  pump  repairman  $1.92; 
carpenter  insulator  $1.72;  helpers,  first  $1.52, 
second  $1.47;  loaders  and  unloaders  $1.52, 
yardman  $1.4'J,  probationary  labour  (30 
days)  $1.20.  Process  department —  personnel 
supervisor  $2.32,  operator  $2.17,  control 
man  $1.97,  assistant  operator  $1.85,  treater 
man  $1.72,  blender  $1.67,  laboratory  tech- 
nicians $1.40  to  $1.70,  power  engineers  $1.52 
to  $1.97,  junior  engineers  $1.45,  Rosetown 
stillmen  $1.50  to  $1.80,  Rosetown  boiler- 
man  $1.67.  Marketing  department — plant 
cashier  and  accountants  $1.60  and  $1.80, 
warehousemen  (Saskatoon  and  Rosetown) 
$1.65,  warehouseman  and  oilblender  (Regina) 
$1.70,  warehouse  assistant  $1.45,  truck 
drivers  $1.55.  Head  office  staff  (per  week) 
—clerks  and  typists  $37.50  to  $47.50,  book- 
keepers  $50  to   $65. 

Off -shift  differential:  maintenance  and  pro- 
cess employees  will  be  paid  a  shift  differ- 
ential of  5  cents  per  hour  for  work  on  the 
afternoon  shift  and  of  10  cents  per  hour 
on  the  night  shift. 

Provision  is  made  for  seniority  rights, 
grievance  procedure,  the  safety  and  health 
of  employees  and  a  labour-management 
committee. 


Construction 

Carpenters  —  Nova  Scotia  —  The  Master 
Builders  of  Sydney,  Glace  Bay,  New 
Water  ford  and  Northside  and  United 
Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners 
of  America,  Locals  1588,  1645,  611  and 
23^8  (Cape  Breton  Island  District 
Council) . 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  June  1, 
1953,  to  May  31,  1954.  If  either  party 
desires  to  alter  the  terms  of  the  agreement 
at  its  termination,  3  months'  notice  must  be 
given. 

Union  security:  the  employer  will  employ 
only  union  members  when  available;  no 
union  member  shall  be  laid  off  until  all  non- 
union men  are  laid  off.  If  the  union  is 
unable  to  supply  the  required  number  of 
journeymen  carpenters  upon  2  days'  notice, 
non-union  men  may  be  employed  who  will  be 
subject  to  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the 
union.  Master  contractors  shall  have  the 
right  to  work  on  their  contracts. 

Hours:  8  per  day  Monday  through  Friday, 
a  40-hour  week.  Overtime:  time  and  one- 
half  for  work  in  excess  of  8  hours  per  day 
or  7  hours  at  shift  work;  double  time  for 
work  on  Saturdays,  Sundays  and  on  8 
specified  holidays. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates:  journeymen 
carpenters  $1.90,  apprentices— first  500  hours 
$1.07,  second  500  hours  $1.15,  second  1,000 
hours  $1.23,  third  1,000  hours  $1.35,  and  so 
on  to  $1.73  for  eighth  1,000  hours  (an  in- 
crease of  10  cents  in  each  case  over  the 
previous  rate).  Any  member  of  the  union 
working  for  anyone  other  than  a  recognized 
contractor  shall  charge  45  cents  per  hour 
more  than  the  above  scale.  A  special  rate 
of  wages  may  be  established  for  an  employee 
who  is  handicapped.  Carpenters  required  to 
work  on  scaffolds  or  structural  steel  50  or 
more  feet  in  height  will  be  paid  an  addi- 
tional 5  cents  per  hour  for  the  first  10  feet 
above  the  50-foot  height  and  an  additional 
10  cents  per  hour  for  every  20  feet  there- 
after. 


Off-shift  differential :  when  necessary  to 
work  2  or  more  ■  shifts,  men  employed 
between  5  p.m.  and  8  a.m.  will  receive  8 
hours'  pay  for   7  hours'  work. 

Apprentices  may  be  employed  in  ratio  of 
one  to  5  journeymen  per  job;  in  regard  to 
hours,  overtime  and  holidays  they  will  be 
governed  the  same  as  journeymen. 

Transportation  will  be  mutually  arranged 
between  employer  and  union. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure. 

Painters  —  Saskatoon,  Sask.  —  Certain 
employers  and  The  Brotherhood  of 
Painters,  Decorators  and  Paperhangers 
of  America,  Local  1600. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  March  1, 
1953,  to  March  1,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year,  subject  to  notice. 

Union  security:  union  shop  for  new 
employees  with  maintenance  of  membership 
for  all.  No  union  employee  shall  work  for 
anyone  other  than  the  employer  who  holds 
his  unemployment  insurance  book. 

Hours:  from  March  1  to  September  1,  1953 
— 8  per  day  Monday  through  Friday,  4  on 
Saturday,  a  44-hour  week;  from  September 
1,  1953,  to  March  1,  1954,  Saturday  will  not 
be  included  in  the  standard  working  week. 
Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work  in 
excess  of  above  daily  hours,  double  time  for 
all  work  between  5  p.m.  Saturday  and  8  a.m. 
Monday.  Eight  specified  days  and  any  other 
day  proclaimed  by  provincial  or  federal 
statute  will  be  recognized  as  statutory  holi- 
days. No  work  shall  be  performed  on 
Labour  Day  without  special  permission  from 
the  union. 

Hourly  wage  rates:  for  journeymen  $1.50 
(previously  $1.40)  from  March  1  to  Septem- 
ber 1,  1953;  thereafter  $1.60  Established 
spray  painters  will  receive  a  premium  of  10 
cents  per  hour.  On  all  work  performed  from 
swing  stages,  scaffolds,  bosun's  chair,  window 
jacks  or  safety  belts  over  40  feet  from  the 
ground  and  involving  unusual  hazards  a 
premium  of  15  cents  per  hour  will  be  paid. 
Foremen  and  recognized  charge  hands  in 
charge  of  more  than  3  men  will  receive  10 
cents  per  hour  extra. 

Off -shift  differential :  when  work  cannot  be 
properly  done  during  the  regular  working 
hours,  it  may  be  performed  after  such  hours 
at  single  rates  plus  10  cents  per  hour.  After 
8  hours,  overtime  rates  shall  apply. 

Out-of-town  ivork:  men  working  out  of 
town  will  have  their  fare  and  expenses  paid. 
Travelling  time  up  to  8  hours  in  any^  24-hour 
period  will  be  paid  for  at  straight  time. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  settling  of 
grievances. 

Transportation,  Storage,  Communication 

Cartage — Province  of  Ontario — Hendrie  and 
Company  Limited  and  The  Canadian 
Brotherhood  of  Railway  Employees  and 
Other  Transport  Workers. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  September 
1,  1952,  to  December  1,  1953,  and  thereafter 
until  revised  or  superseded  by  mutual  agree- 
ment or  termination  on  60  days'  notice. 

Check-off:  compulsory  for  all  employees 
coming  within  the  scope  of  the  agreement. 

Hours:  8  per  day  5  days  a  week,  a  40-hour 
week.     Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work 


77966— 6£ 


1323 


in  excess  of  the  assigned  hours  and  for  work 
on  Sundays,  double  time  for  work  on  8 
(previously  7)   specified  paid  holidays. 

Vacations  with  pay:  employees  with  less 
than  3  years'  service  will  be  granted  one 
week  per  year;  after  3  years'  service  1£ 
weeks  and  after  5  years'  service  2  weeks  per 
year. 

Hourly  wage  rates:  truck  drivers  $1-262 
to  $1-422,  tractor  drivers  $1-358  to  $1-512; 
yardmen,  machinery  crew  (helpers),  ware- 
housemen $1-262  to  $1-326;  mechanics  $1-519, 
carpenters  $1-493,  painters  $1-647,  bodymen 
$1-699,  horse  van  drivers  $1-358,  crane  oper- 
ator $1-968,  crane  driver  $1-422,  watchmen 
$1-078,  night  loaders  regular  rates  plus  5 
cents.  (The  above  rates  are  from  14-8  to 
19-4  cents  per  hour  higher  than  the  rates 
provided  in  the  previous  agreement.) 

Uniforms:  the  company  will  supply  hats, 
smocks  and  overalls  or  comparable  uniforms 
to  the  individual  employee  not  oftener  than 
every  6  months.  In  the  case  of  employees 
with  less  than  3  years  of  consecutive  service 
the  company  will  bear  one-half,  and  in  the 
case  of  employees  with  3  or  more  years' 
consecutive  service,  the  full  cost  of  such 
uniforms. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure 
and  seniority  rights. 

Grain    Elevators — Fort    William    and   Port 

Arthur,    Ont. — Certain    terminal    grain 

elevator  companies  and  Brotherhood  of 

Railway  and  Steamship  Clerks,  Freight 

Handlers,        Express        and        Station 

Employees,  Local  650. 

Agreement,  following  conciliation,  to  be  in 

effect  from  January  1,  1953,  to  December  31, 

1953. 

Check-off:  compulsory  for  all  new  employees 
after  being  in  the  service  for  an  aggregate 
of  3  months  within  a  year  and  for  "all 
present  employees  except  present  employees 
not  now  members  of  the  union."  (Previous 
agreement  provided  for  a  voluntary  revok- 
able  check-off.) 

Hours:  8  per  day  Monday  through  Friday, 
a  40-hour  week  (previously  6  days  a  week,  a 
48-hour  week).  Overtime:  time  and  one-half 
for  work  in  excess  of  40  hours  per  week  and 
for  work  on  Saturdays  (except  that  an 
employee  who  is  off  work  voluntarily  during 
the  week  will  be  paid  straight  time  for  work 
on  Saturday)  and  on  2  specified  unpaid 
holidays;  double  time  for  work  on  Sundays 
and  on  6  specified  paid  holidays.  The  above 
provision  regarding  overtime  pay  for  work 
on  Saturdays  is  retroactive  to  August  1, 
1952.  Monthly-rated  employees  will  be  paid 
extra  at  pro  rata  rates  for  all  overtime  and 
for  work  on  8  specified  holidays.  If  meal 
time  is  not  allowed  at  the  usual  time  and 
is  worked  it  will  be  paid  for  at  the  overtime 
rates.  Except  in  case  of  emergency,  no 
employee  shall  be  required  to  work  more 
than  11  \  hours  in  any  one  shift.  All 
employees  will  work  such  overtime  as  a 
company  may  deem  necessary  to  carry  out 
its  operations,  but  not  more  than  1\  hours 
after  5  p.m.  in  any  one  week.  No  overtime 
shall  be  worked  after  5  p.m.  on  Saturday 
except  to  finish  loading  a  boat  and  then  not 
to  exceed  one  hour. 

Vacations  with  pay:  monthly-rated 
employees  with  one  or  more  years  of  service 
and  hourly-rated  employees  who  have  worked 
not   less  than   46   weeks   in   a   period  of   52 

1324 


consecutive  weeks  will  be  granted  2  weeks  or, 
if  the  vacation  is  taken  between  December 
30  and  March  31  of  the  next  following  year, 
3  weeks. 

Wage  rates:  for  ordinary  labourers,  in- 
cluding shovellers,  $1.35  per  hour;  for  all 
other  classes  of  hourly-rated  employees, 
including  assistant  weighmen,  electricians' 
assistant,  millwrights'  assistants,  cleaner 
men,  bin  floor  men,  oilers,  etc.  $1.40  per 
hour  (the  previous  agreement  provided  for 
$1.02  and  $1.07  per  hour,  respectively;  how- 
ever, for  some  time  prior  to  the  time 
the  present  agreement  was  negotiated, 
employees  were  paid  10  cents  per  hour  in 
excess  of  the  wage  rates  set  out  in  the 
agreement) ;  hourly-rated  men  appointed  to 
act  in  a  supervisory  capacity  will  be  paid 
10  cents  per  hour  extra.  Monthly-rated 
employees  will  be  paid  the  adjusted  rates  of 
pay  existing  as  at  December  31,  1952. 

Escalator  clause:  all  employees  will  be 
paid  a  cost-of-living  bonus  of  one  cent  per 
hour  for  each  increase  of  1J  points  in  the 
Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics'  cost-of-living 
index  above  the  figure  for  October  1,  1952. 
Any  such  increase  shall  be  similarly  reduced 
if  the  index  declines.  Adjustments  will  be 
made  quarterly  (previous  agreement  did  not 
contain  an  escalator  clause). 

Off -shift  differential:  all  employees  will  be 
paid  5  cents  per  hour  extra  for  all  work 
performed  on  any  other  than  their  regular 
day  shift. 

Provision  is  made  for  seniority  rights  and 
grievance  procedure. 

Service 

Municipal  Government — Trail,  B.C. — The 
Corporation  of  the  City  of  Trail  and 
The  Trail  and  District  Civic  Workers' 
Union,  Local  343  (TLC). 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  February 
1,  1953,  to  January  31,  1954,  and  thereafter 
from  year  to  year,  subject  to  2  months' 
notice. 

Check-off:  compulsory  for  all  employees. 
"In  no  case,  however,  shall  this  prohibit  or 
prevent  the  employee  from  joining  or 
quitting  the  union  if  he  so  desires,  pro- 
vided such  employee  shall  retain  voting 
privileges  with  reference  to  ratification  of 
collective  bargaining  agreements." 

Hours:  an  average  of  44  per  week,  except 
for  office  personnel  whose  hours  of  work  will 
be  7£  per  day  Monday  through  Friday,  4 
on  Saturday;  however,  during  the  months 
May  to  October,  inclusive,  one-half  of  the 
office  personnel  shall  work  alternate  Satur- 
days. Overtime:  hourly-rated  employees  will 
be  paid  time  and  one-half  for  work  in  excess 
of  8  hours  per  day  and  double  time  for  work 
on  Sundays  or  the  regular  days  off. 

Statutory  holidays:  7  specified  recognized 
holidays  will  be  paid  holidays.  All  work 
performed  on  any  such  holiday  will  be  paid 
for  at  double  time  and  one-half  and  there 
shall  be  no  deductions  made  in  the  salaries 
of  any  salaried  employee  on  any  such 
holiday. 

Vacations  with  pay:  44  hours  after  one 
year,  88  hours  after  2  years  and  132  hours 
after  15  years  of  service. 

Paid  sick  leave:  for  salaried  employees  one 
day  for  each  month  worked,  but  not  exceed- 
ing 12  working  days  in  any  one  year. 
Unused  sick  leave  will  be  accumulative. 


Municipal  superannuation:  upon  assuming 
employment  employees  may  apply,  if  eligible, 
for  superannuation  in  conformity  with  the 
Municipal  Superannuation  Act  of  British 
Columbia. 

Wage  rates:  for  hourly-rated  employees — 
labourers  $1.40,  grave  diggers  $2.05,  helpers 
$1.44,  operators  $1.49  to  $1.58,  repairmen 
$1.62  and  $1.67,  straw  bosses  $1.71,  trades- 
men (first  class)  $1.76;  basic  monthly  rates 
for  salaried  staff  —  accountant  $287.80, 
collector  clerk  $247.80,  cashiers  $177.80  and 
$207.80,  stenographer  $177.80,  stenographer 
clerk  $167.80,  instrument  man  and  draughts- 
man $309,  scales  attendant  $227.80,  garbage 
truck  operator  (including  9  cent  garbage 
differential)  $309,  janitor  $256.80.  (The 
above  hourly  rates  are  10  cents  per  hour 
and  the  monthly  rates  $19  per  month  higher 
than  the  previous  rates.)  New  salaried 
employees  will  receive  an  increase  of  $10 
per  month  after  a  6-month  probationary 
period  (in  the  case  of  experienced  new 
employees  after  a  3-month  probationary 
period)  with  an  annual  increase  of  $10  per 
month  over  a  3-year  period  for  each  year 
of  service. 

Provision  is  made  for  seniority  rights, 
grievance  procedure  and  a  joint  safety 
committee. 


Scientific  Services — Chalk  River — Atomic 
Energy  of  Canada  Limited  and  Atomic 
Energy  Allied  Council  (AFL),  compris- 
ing eight  AFL-TLC  Unions. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  April  1, 
1953,  to  March  31,  1955,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year,  subject  to  notice. 

Check-off:  voluntary  but  irrevocable. 

Hours,  effective  April  27,  1953:  for  day 
workers  (except  bus  drivers) — 8  \  (pre- 
viously 9)  per  day  Monday  through  Friday, 
a  42|-hour  week;  for  shift  workers — 8  per 
day,  6  days  a  week;  however,  in  order  to 
reduce  their  hours  from  48  to  an  average 
of  approximately  45  per  week,  shift  workers 
will  be  allowed  one  extra  day  off  for  each 
17  days  worked.  The  parties  will  consider 
the  implementation  of  the  40-hour  week  for 
day  workers  and  the  42-hour  week  for  shift 
workers  in  the  next  agreement.  Overtime: 
time  and  one-half  for  work  in  excess  of 
above  daily  hours,  for  work  on  Sundays  or 
the  alternate  day  of  rest  and,  in  the  case 
of  day  workers,  for  work  on  Saturdays; 
double  time  and  one-half  for  all  work  on 
9  paid  holidays. 

Vacations  with  pay:  one  week  after  one 
and  2  weeks  after  2  years  of  continuous 
service;  employees  with  less  than  one  year's 
continuous  service  will  be  entitled  to  one 
day  after  3  months,  2  days  after  4  to  5 
months,  3  days  after  6  to  7  months,  4  days 
after  8  to  9  months  and  one  week  after  10 
to  12  months  with  pay  equal  to  2  per  cent 
of  their  earnings.  Employees  with  less  than 
3  months'  service  will  receive  2  per  cent  of 
their  earnings  but  they  will  not  be  given 
vacation  leave.  An  employee  who  has  com- 
pleted 6  months  of  continuous  service  may 


be  granted  up  to  3  days'  special  leave  with 
pay  on  the  death  of  a  close  relative  or  on 
the  marriage  of  the  employee,  if  male. 

Wages:  effective  April  27,  1953,  the  hourly 
rates  were  increased  by  an  amount  sufficient 
to  maintain  for  employees  on  the  shorter 
hours  the  same  take-home  pay  as  they 
enjoyed  under  the  previous  longer  hours. 
The  rates  for  certain  classifications  are  now 
as  follows:  mechanical  services — tool  and  die 
maker  $1.92,  machinist  $1.68  and  $1.79,  mill- 
wright $1.69  and  $1.80,  electrician  $1.72  and 
$1.82,  instrument  mechanic  $1.61  to  $1.80, 
carpenter  $1.63  and  $1.74;  bricklayer,  main- 
tenance mechanic  $1.56  and  $1.66;  layout 
man  (machine  shop),  welder  $1.66  and  $1.77; 
sheet  metal  worker,  leadburner  $1.65  and 
$1.76;  trades  helper  $1.20  and  $1.25,  truck 
driver  (heavy)  $1.48,  lift  tractor  operator 
$1.32;  transportation  services — automotive 
mechanic  $1.68  and  $1.74;  bus  operator  $1.33, 
stand  by  rate  67  cents;  truck  driver,  oiler 
and  greaser  $1.28;  labour  services — laundry 
operator  $1.25,  janitor  $1.15,  labourer  $1.14; 
general  services  —  contamination  monitor 
$1.36,  decontamination  operator  $1.15  and 
$1.23,  animal  attendant  $1.27,  seamstress  86 
cents,  maid  79  cents.  A  lead  hand  is  paid 
10  cents  per  hour  or  8  per  cent  of  hourly 
rate,  whichever  is  the  greater,  more  than 
the  rate  for  his  classification.  Effective 
April  1,  1954,  all  hourly  rates  will  be  in- 
creased by  4  cents  per  hour.  Should  any 
substantial  raise  occur  in  living  costs,  the 
Council  may,  upon  15  days'  notice,  be  pro- 
vided an  opportunity  to  discuss  the  increased 
costs  with  the  company. 

Off -shift  differential:  employees  on  the 
evening  shift  will  be  paid  6  cents,  and  those 
on  the  night  shift  9  cents  per  hour  extra. 

Welfare  plans:  the  company  agrees  to  pay 
half  the  cost  of  the  Ontario  Blue  Cross 
Surgical-Obstetrical-Medical  and  Compre- 
hensive Hospital  Care  Plan  and  also  of  the 
Sickness  and  Accident  Indemnity  plan  of  a 
specified  assurance  company. 

Pension  plan:  the  company  agrees  to 
establish  a  retirement  plan  during  the  term 
of  this  agreement  on  the  following  basis: 
each  participating  employee  will  contribute 
5  per  cent  of  his  earnings  and  the  company 
will  contribute  a  like  amount.  Providing 
an  employee  contributes  to  the  plan  the 
amount  which  he  has  to  his  credit  in  the 
company  savings  fund  (Retirement  Fund)  at 
the  date  of  introduction  of  the  pension  plan, 
the  company  agrees  to  contribute  a  like 
amount.  The  actual  details  of  the  plan  are 
to  be  worked  out  by  a  joint  committee. 

Apprentices:  the  two  parties  will  establish 
a  joint  committee  to  develop  a  mutually 
satisfactory  apprenticeship  training  program. 
Seniority:  the  skill  and  experience  of  an 
employee  and  his  capacity  to  perform  the 
required  task  shall  be  the  determining 
factors  in  all  cases  of  transfer,  promotion, 
and  the  increase  or  decrease  in  the  working 
forces;  where  these  are  deemed  equal 
between  two  or  more  employees  seniority 
shall  be  the  determining  factor. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure 
and  the  setting  ^  up  of  a  labour-management 
production  committee. 


1325 


Collective  Agreement  Act,  Quebec 


Recent  proceedings  under  the  Collective 
Agreement  Act,  Quebec,*  include  the 
extension  of  the  terms  of  two  new  agree- 
ments, the  repeal  of  one,  the  correction  of 
two  as  well  as  the  correction  of  a  previous 
request  for  an  amendment,  and  the  amend- 
ment of  eight  others. 

In  addition  to  those  summarized  below, 
they  include :  a  correction  to  the  request 
for  the  amendment  of  the  agreement  for 
barbers  and  hairdressers  at  Trois  Rivieres 
and  the  correction  of  the  agreement  for 
metal  trades  at  Quebec  published  in  the 
Quebec  Official  Gazette,  issue  of  June  20; 
the  repeal  of  the  agreement  for  retail  stores 
at  Coaticook  and  the  amendment  of  the 
agreement  for  barbers  and  hairdressers  at 
St.  Hyacinthe  in  the  issue  of  July  11. 

Requests  for  the  amendment  of  the 
agreements  for  barbers  and  hairdressers  at 
Hull  and  retail  stores  at  Roberval  were 
published  June  20.  Requests  for  the 
amendment  of  the  agreements  for  the 
corrugated  paper  box  industry,  for  the 
ladies'  cloak  and  suit  industry  and  for  the 
paint  manufacturing  industry  in  the  prov- 
ince, for  truck  drivers  at  Montreal  and 
for  retail  stores  at  Richmond  were  gazetted 
June  27;  for  building  trades  at  St. 
Hyacinthe  and  at  Trois  Rivieres  in  the 
issue  of  July  4.  A  request  for  a  new 
agreement  for  the  building  trades  at 
Montreal  and  requests  for  the  amendment 
of  the  agreements  for  retail  food  stores 
at  Quebec,  for  building  trades  at  Montreal 
and  for  the  building  materials  industry  in 
the    province    were    gazetted    July    11;    a 


*In  Quebec,  the  Collective  Agreement  Act 
provides  that  where  a  collective  agreement 
has  been  entered  into  by  an  organization  of 
employees  and  one  or  more  employers  or 
associations  of  employers,  either  side  may 
apply  to  the  provincial  Minister  of  Labour 
to  have  the  terms  of  the  agreement  which 
concern  wages,  hours  of  labour,  apprentice- 
ship, and  certain  other  conditions  made 
binding  throughout  the  province  or  within 
a  certain  district  on  all  employers  and 
employees  in  the  trade  or  industry  covered 
by  the  agreement.  Notice  of  such  applica- 
tion is  published  and  30  days  are  allowed 
for  the  filing  of  objections,  after  which  an 
Order  in  Council  may  be  passed  granting 
the  application,  with  or  without  changes  as 
considered  advisable  by  the  Minister.  The 
Order  in  Council  may  be  amended  or 
revoke'd  in  the  same  manner.  Each  agree- 
ment is  administered  and  enforced  by  a 
joint  committee  of  the  parties.  References 
to  the  summary  of  this  Act  and  to  amend- 
ments to  it  are  given  in  the  Labour  Gazette, 
January,  1949,  page  65.  Proceedings  under 
this  Act  and  earlier  legislation  have  been 
noted  in  the  Labour  Gazette  monthly  since 
June  1934. 


request  for  a  new  agreement  for  retail 
stores  at  St.  Felicien  was  gazetted  July  18. 
Orders  in  Council  were  also  published 
approving  the  constitution  and  by-laws  of 
certain  joint  committees  and  others 
approving  the  levy  of  assessment  on  the 
parties  to  certain  agreements. 

Manufacturing 

Bakery     Products,     Trois     Rivieres     and 
District. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  June  18  and 
gazetted  June  27  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
June  1947,  p.  826;  Jan.-Feb.  1948,  p.  51, 
Nov.,  p.  1245;  Oct.  1949,  p.  1246;  April  1952, 
p.  449,  and  previous  issues). 

Minimum  weekly  wage  rates  for  journey- 
men and  apprentices,  which  are  increased 
by  $3  per  week,  are  now  as  follows:  first 
baker,  first  pastry-cook  $48;  second  baker, 
second  pastry-cook  $44;  third  baker  and 
other  journeymen,  third  pastry-cook  and 
other  journeymen  $41;  apprentices  from  $24 
in  first  year  to  $32  in  third  year. 

Ladies'    Cloak    and    Suit    Industry,    Prov- 
ince  of   Quebec. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  June  18  and 
gazetted  June  27  extends  _  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
Aug.   1949,  p.  987;    Jan.   1950,   p.  77;    April 

1951,  p.  543;   Jan.  1953,  p.  97,  and  previous 
issues)    to  June  30,  1954. 

Sheet  Metal  Manufacturing,  Montreal. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  June  30  and 
gazetted  July  11  extends  the  previous 
Order  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
Aug.  1952,  p.  1084)  and  another  published 
in  the  Quebec  Official  Gazette,  December  20, 

1952,  to  August  1,  1953. 

Construction 

Building  Trades,   Montreal. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  June  18  and 
gazetted  June  27  extends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
June  1952,  p.  781;  March  1953,  p.  432, 
April,  p.  582,  May,  p.  728,  June,  p.  886)  to 
October  1,  1953. 

Another  Order  in  Council  dated  June  30 
and  gazetted  July  11  further  amends  the 
previous  Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry 
by  the  addition  of  a  Part  "D"  governing 
plasterers  to  be  in  effect  until  April  1,  1955. 
New  working  conditions  for  this  trade  are 
now  as  follows:  — 

Plasterers 

Overtime:  double  time  for  work  between 
10  .p.m.  and  8  a.m.  and  on  Saturdays. 
(General  conditions  of  the  main  agreement 
provide  time  and  one-half  for  work  in  excess 
of  regular  hours  and  between  10  p.m.  and 
8  a.m.;  double  time  on  Sundays  and 
holidays.) 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rate  for  journey- 
men plasterers  for  a  regular  work  week  of 


1326 


40  hours  is  $2  (an  increase  of  10  cents) ; 
rates  for  apprentices  range  from  50  to  85 
per  cent  of  journeymen's  rates. 

Other  provisions  include  compensation  of 
at  least  two  hours'  pay  at  regular  rates  for 
plasterers  and  apprentices  who  report  to 
work  at  the  request  of  their  employer  or 
to  continue  work  in  progress  and  who  are 
notified  that,  for  reasons  beyond  his  control, 
no  work  may  be  performed;  compensation 
for  travelling  time  is  also  provided. 

With  the  exception  of  the  working  con- 
ditions outlined  above  the  general  conditions 
of  the  main  agreement  continue  to  apply. 

Structural  Iron  Industry  (Erectors),  Prov- 
ince of   Quebec. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  June  18  and 
gazetted  June  27  extends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
Nov.  1952,  p.  481;  June  1953,  p.  886)  to 
September  1,  1953. 

Building  Trades,  St.  Jerome. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  June  30  and 
gazetted  July  11  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
Jan.  1952,  p.  56,  April,  p.  453,  June,  p.  782; 
June  1953,  p.  911,  and  previous  issues). 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates  for  certain 
classifications  in  the  county  of  Terrebonne 
are  ten  cents  per  hour  higher  as  follows: 
bricklayer,  mason  (including  cutter  on  the 
job)  $1.55;  carpenter-joiner  $1.40;  plasterer 
$1.35;  labourer  $1;  plasterer's,  bricklayer's 
and  mason's  helpers  $1.10. 

A  new  scale  of  minimum  rates  for  certain 
classifications  in  the  county  of  Labelle  is 
included  as  follows:  carpenter-joiner  $1.25; 
labourer  90  cents;  carpenter  $1.15;  painter 
$1.10;  watchman  (night  and  day)  $25  per 
week.  (The  above  rates  in  the  county  of 
Labelle  are  ten  cents  per  hour  higher  for 
carpenter-joiner  and  labourer,  unchanged  for 
watchmen,  and  the  classifications  carpenter 
and  painter  are  included  for  the  first  time.) 

Minimum  rates  for  apprentices  with  the 
exception  of  those  engaged  in  the  structural 
iron  industry,  etc.,  are  increased  by  ten 
cents  per  hour. 

Building  Trades,  Quebec  District. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated^  June  30  and 
gazetted  July  11  makes  binding  the  terms 
of  a  new  agreement  between  "L'Association 
des  Constructeurs  de  Quebec";  The  Corpora- 
tion of  Plumbing  and  Heating  Contractors 
of  the  Province  of  Quebec  (Quebec  and 
District  Section) ;  The  Corporation  of 
Master  Electricians  of  the  Province  of 
Quebec  (Quebec  and  District  Section)  ;  and 
"Le  Conseil  des  Metiers  de  la  Construction 
des^  Syndicats  catholiques  nationaux  de 
Quebec,  inc."  Agreement  to  be  in  effect 
from  July  11,  1953  until  April  30,  1954, 
thereafter  from  year  to  year,  subject  to 
notice. 

Industrial  jurisdiction:  it  applies  to  all 
construction,  building  and  engineering  oper- 
ations including  bridge  construction  opera- 
tions carried  out  for  the  Public  Works 
Department.  It  also  governs  all  operations 
of  the  ornamental  iron  and  bronze  trades 
as  well  as  tinsmith-roofers  both  on  the  job 
or  in  the  shop.  It  does  not  apply  to  cities, 
towns  and  municipal  corporations  in  as  much 
as  repair  or  maintenance  work  on  their  own 


buildings  is  concerned,  as  well  as  construc- 
tion, rebuilding  or  maintenance  work  on 
aqueducts,  sewers,  etc.,  and  other  works  of 
a  similar  nature  performed  under  their 
immediate  control.  However,  the  agreement 
applies  to  contractors  or  subcontractors 
carrying  on  the  same  operations  on  their 
behalf  or  by  the  job  for  the  said  cities, 
towns,  etc.  It  does  not  apply  to  steam 
railroad  companies  in  the  case  of  operations 
performed  by  the  maintenance  men  of  the 
system  already  covered  by  a  collective  agree- 
ment with  the  companies;  it  does  not  apply 
to  road  operations  carried  out  for  the  Roads 
Colonization  or  Mines  Department  of  the 
provincial  Government;  to  mining  opera- 
tions including  operation  and  maintenance 
of  all  shops  in  connection  therewith,  nor 
to  logging  operations  as  well  as  the  opera- 
tions of  pulp,  paper  and  sawmills. 

Territorial  jurisdiction  comprises  the  city 
of  Quebec  the  counties  of  Quebec,  Portneuf, 
Montmorency,  Charlevoix,  Levis,  Lotbiniere, 
Dorchester,  Megantic,  Beauce,  Bellechasse, 
Montmagny,  L'Islet,  Kamouraska,  as  well  as 
the  city  of  Riviere-du-Loup  and  the  munici- 
palities of  Notre-Dame-du-Portage  and  St. 
Antonin  of  the  county  of  Riviere-du-Loup. 
It  is  divided  into  three  zones:  Zone  I,  the 
cities  of  Quebec,  Levis,  Lauzon,  Sillery  and 
the  towns  of  Saint-Foy,  Chateau-d'Eau, 
Quebec-West,  Charlesbourg,  Beauport,  Mont- 
morency, Courville  and  the  municipalities  of 
St.  Romuald  d'Etchemin,  St.  Telesphore, 
Charny,  and  other  neighbouring  municipali- 
ties, as  well  as  the  city  of  Thetford  Mines 
and  the  town  of  Black  Lake;  Zone  II,  the 
city  of  Riviere-du-Loup  and  the  following 
municipalities  of  the  county  of  Charlevoix: 
La  Malbaie,  Pointe-au-Pic,  Cap-a-1'Aigle, 
Clermont  and  within  a  radius  of  two  miles 
of  their  limits;  Zone  III,  the  territory  not 
included  in  the  preceding  two  Zones.  (The 
previous  agreement  included  the^  territory 
comprising  the  town  of  Rimouski  and  the 
counties  of  Temiscouata  and  Matane  which 
are  now  governed  by  the  new  agreement  for 
the  building  trades  at  Rimouski;  the  county 
of  Charlevoix  is  added  to  the  territorial 
jurisdiction   of   the   present    agreement.) 

Hours:  Zone  I — 8  per  day,  Monday  through 
Friday,  4  on  Saturday,  44  per  week  for 
skilled  workers;  48  per  week  for  labourers; 
Zones  II  and  III — 48  per  week.  It  is 
permissible  to  work  9  hours  per  day  during 
the  summer  months  providing  the  number 
of  working  hours  at  regular  rates  do  not 
exceed  the  weekly  totals  shown  above,  and 
providing  no  work  is  done  on  Saturday 
afternoons;  9  per  day,  54  per  week  for  truck 
drivers  employed  directly  by  contractors. 
(The  above  hours  are  unchanged  from  those 
previously  in  effect.)  However,  in  the  con- 
struction of  streets,  roads,  etc.  weekly  hours 
are  reduced  from  60  to  55  per  week  without 
daily  limitation.  Provision  is  made  for  shift 
work. 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  till  midnight; 
double  time  between  midnight  and  7  a.m., 
on  Sundays  and  any  of  9  specified  holidays. 
On  street,  road  construction,  etc.,  overtime 
rates  are  applicable  only  for  work  in  excess 
of  55  hours  per  week.  (Overtime  provisions 
are  unchanged.) 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates  in  Zones  I, 
II  and  III  are  increased  by  5  cents  per 
hour  with  the  exception  of  those  rates  for 
enginemen  (stationary  and  portable),  tile 
and    marble    layers,    junior    journeymen    tile 


1327 


and  marble  layers  and  terrazzo  polishers 
(dry)  which  are  now  10  cents  per  hour 
higher.  New  minimum  rates  for  certain 
classifications  are  now  as  follows:  brick- 
layers, plasterers,  masons,  stonecutters  (on 
construction)  $1.65  in  Zone  I,  $1.40  in 
Zone  II,  $1.30  in  Zone  III;  carpenter- 
joiner,  tinsmith-roofer,  chief  operator  (steel 
wool  insulation,  blower  method),  asbestos 
insulation  mechanic,  tile  and  marble  layers 
$1.45  in  Zone  I,  $1.30  in  Zone  II,  $1.20 
in  Zone  III;  labourer,  mortarmaker,  plaster 
pourer,  hod  carrier,  helper  (steel  wool  in- 
sulation blower)  $1.10  in  Zone  I,  95  cents 
in  Zone  II,  85  cents  in  Zone  III;  painter, 
terrazzo  layer  $1.40  in  Zone  I,  $1.25  in 
Zone  II,  $1.15  in  Zone  III;  joint  pointer, 
cement  finisher,  carpenter  (junior  journey- 
man), reinforcing  steel  erector  $1.35  in 
Zone  I,  $1.25  in  Zone  II,  $1.15  in  Zone 
III;  ornamental  iron  and  bronze  worker 
(mechanic  or  blacksmith)  $1.40  in  Zone  I, 
$1.30  in  Zone  II,  $1.20  in  Zone  III;  terrazzo 
polisher  (dry),  drill  operator  $1.30  in  Zone 
I,  $1.15  in  Zone  II,  $1.05  in  Zone  III; 
terrazzo  polisher  (wet)  $1.25  in  Zone  I, 
$1.10  in  Zone  II,  $1  in  Zone  III;  truck 
drivers  85  cents  per  hour  ($40  per  week) 
imZone  I,  $1.05  in  Zone  II  (exclusive  of 
R»inere-du-Loup),  95  cents  in  Zone  III 
(Exclusive  of  those  areas  of  Charlevoix 
county  included  in  Zone  II).  Minimum  rates 
for  watchmen  (night  and  day,  Sundays  and 
holidays)  72  hours  per  week  remain 
unchanged  at  75  cents  per  hour  in  Zones  I 
and  II,  70  cents  in  Zone  III.  Minimum 
weekly  rates  for  permanent  employees  are 
as  follows:  Zone  I — journeymen  (skilled 
workers)  $52,  Zones  II  and  III — $47;  Zone  I 
—labourers  $39,  Zones  II  and  III— $38;  in 
Charlevoix  county  (Zones  II  and  III) 
skilled  workers  $50,  labourers  $42  per  week. 
(The  provision  re  Charlevoix  county  is  new; 
other  rates  for  permanent  employees  are 
unchanged.)  All  workers  living  in  Zone  I 
and  working  in  Zones  II  and  III  will  be 
paid  the  rates  of  Zone  I;  employees  living 
in  Zone  II  and  working  in  Zone  III  will 
be  paid  the  rates  of  Zone  II. 

Vacation  with  pay:  one  week  with  pay 
equal  to  2  per  cent  of  weekly  wages  to  all 
construction  employees. 

Other  provisions  of  this  agreement  include 
regulations  governing  apprenticeship  condi- 
tions and  travel  and  board  expenses. 

Pipe  Mechanics  and  Electricians 

Special  provisions  governing  pipe  mechanics 
and  electricians  are  as  follows:  — 

Industrial  jurisdiction  governs  all  opera- 
tions in  the  construction,  repair,  installation 
of  pipe,  plumbing  and  heating  systems  and 
electrical  installations  and  equipment  as 
defined  in  chapters  173  and  172,  respectively 
(Revised  Statutes  of  Quebec,  1941). 

Hours:  Zone  I,  44  per  week;  Zones  II  and 
III,  48  per  week.  Workers  employed  on 
contracts  carried  out  at  the  Canadian 
Arsenals  Limited  may  work  9  hours  per  day. 
Monday  through  Friday,  at  regular  rates,  all 
year  round.  Provision  is  made  for  double 
shift  system. 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  between 
6  p.m.  and  midnight;  double  time  between 
midnight  and  7  a.m. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates:  contractors 
(personal  services) — pipe  mechanics 
(plumbers,  pipe  fitters,  refrigeration,  oil 
burner),   electricians   $2.20   in   Zone   I,   $1.85 


in  Zone  II,  $1.75  in  Zone  III;  journeymen 
pipe  mechanics  (plumbers,  etc.),  journeymen 
electricians,  pipe  welders  $1.45  in  Zone  I, 
$1.25  in  Zone  II,  $1.15  in  Zone  III;  junior 
journeymen  pipe  mechanics  (plumbers,  etc.) 
first  year  $1.30  in  Zone  I,  $1.10  in  Zone  II, 
$1  in  Zone  III.  (The  above  rates  are  10 
cents  per  hour  higher  than  those  previously 
in  effect  for  contractors  (personal  services), 
and  5  cents  per  hour  higher  for  other 
workers  in  Zone  I;  in  Zones  II  and  III 
rates  are  unchanged.) 

Vacation  with  pay:  one  week,  each  year, 
with  pay  equal  to  2  per  cent  of  wages  earned 
during  the  first  44  hours  of  work  each  week. 

Unless  otherwise  stipulated  the  general 
clauses  of  the  main  agreement  also  apply  to 
the  trades  governed  by  this  section. 

Another  Order  in  Council  dated  July  8 
and  gazetted  July  18,  corrects  the  previous 
Order  in  Council  for  this  industry, 
summarized  above,  by  replacing  the  name 
"St.  Charles-de-Charlesbourg"  by  the  name 
"d'Orsainville"  in  Zone  I  of  the  territorial 
jurisdiction. 

Building   Trades,   Rimouski. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  July  8  and 
gazetted  July  18  makes  obligatory  the  terms 
of  a  new  agreement  for  this  industry 
between  "L'Association  des  Constructeurs  du 
Bas  St-Laurent  inc."  and  "Le  Syndicat 
Catholique  des  Metiers  de  la  Construction 
de  Rimouski,  inc."  Agreement  to  be  in 
effect  from  July  18,  1953,  until  April  30, 
1954,  thereafter  from  year  to  year,  subject 
to  notice. 

Industrial  jurisdiction  is  similar  to  that 
shown  above  in  the  agreement  governing  the 
building  trades  for  the  district  of  Quebec. 

Territorial  jurisdiction  comprises  the  coun- 
ties of  Riviere-du-Loup  (excluding  the  city 
of  Riviere-du-Loup  and  the  municipalities  of 
Notre-Dame-du-Portage  and  St.  Antonin), 
Temiscouata,  Rimouski,  Matane  and  Mata- 
pedia.  It  is  divided  into  three  zones  as 
follows:  Zone  I,  the  town  of  Rimouski  and 
the  municipalities  of  N.-D.  du  Sacre-Cceur, 
Rimouski-Ouest  (Ste-Odile),  Rimouski-Est 
(St.  Yves):  Zone  II,  the  towns  of  Mont- 
Joli  and  Matane;  Zone  III,  territory  not 
included  in  preceding  two  zones.  (The 
above  territory,  with  exception  of  the  county 
of  Matapedia,  formerly  governed  by  the 
agreement  for  the  building  trades,  district 
of  Quebec.) 

Hours:  9  per  day,  5  on  Saturday,  50  hours 
per  week.     Provision  is  made  for  shift  work. 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  between 
6  p.m.  and  midnight;  double  time  between 
midnight  and  7  a.m.  and  on  Sundays  or  any 
of  8*   specified  holidays. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates  for  certain 
classifications  are  as  follows:  bricklayer, 
mason,  plasterer,  stonecutter  (on  construc- 
tion job)  $1.45  in  Zone  I,  $1.40  in  Zone  II, 
$1.30  in  Zone  III;  carpenter-joiner,  tin- 
smith-roofer, ornamental  iron  and.  bronze 
(mechanic  or  blacksmith),  chief  operator 
(steel  wool  insulation  blower),  asbestos  in- 
sulation mechanic  $1.35  in  Zone  I,  $1.30  in 
Zone  II,  $1.20  in  Zone  III;  carpenter-joiner 
(junior  journeyman  one  year),  joint  pointer, 
cement  finisher,  painter,  reinforcing  steel 
erector,  tile,  marble  and  terrazzo  setters  $1.30 
in  Zone  I,  $1.25  in  Zone  II,  $1.15  in  Zone 
III;  tinsmith-roofer  (junior  journeyman,  one 
year),   ornamental    iron   and   bronze    (junior 


1328 


journeyman,  one  year),  floor  scraper, 
polisher,  etc.,  assistant  operator  (steel  wool 
insulation  blower),  shovel,  tractor  or  crane 
operators  $1.25  in  Zone  I,  $1.20  in  Zone  II, 
$1.10  in  Zone  III;  labourer,  mortarmaker, 
plaster  pourer,  hod  carrier,  mixer  or  com- 
pressor operator  (under  7  cubic  feet)  $1  in 
Zone  I,  95  cents  in  Zone  II,  85  cents  in  Zone 
III;  watchmen  (night  and  day)  maximum 
72  hours  per  week  80  cents  in  Zones  I  and 
II,  75  cents  in  Zone  III;  truck  drivers 
employed  directly  by  contractors  85  cents 
per  hour  ($40  per  week)  in  Zone  I  only. 
Employees  living  in  Zone  I  and  working  in 
Zones  II  or  III  will  be  paid  the  rates  of 
Zone  I;  those  living  in  Zone  II  and  working 
in  Zone  III  will  be  paid  the  rates  of  Zone  II. 

Vacation  with  pay:  all  construction  workers 
are  entitled  to  one  week's  vacation  with  pay 
equal   to   2   per   cent   of  weekly  wages. 

Other  general  provisions  of  this  agreement 
include  regulations  governing  apprenticeship 
conditions  and  travel  and  board  expenses. 

Permanent  Employees 
This     agreement     also     provides     working 
conditions    for   permanent   employees    (main- 


tenance workers)  in  public  buildings,  indus- 
trial or  commercial  establishments.  How- 
ever, new  construction,  reconstruction  or 
reinstallation  of  any  unit,  in  any  building, 
will  not  be  maintenance  work.  It  will  not 
apply  to  those  permanent  maintenance 
workers  who  are  governed  by  the  terms  of 
a  private  collective  agreement.  Working 
conditions   are   as   follows: — 

Hours:  48  per  week  without  daily  limita- 
tion. 

Minimum  weekly  wage  rates:  Zone  I, 
journeymen  (skilled  workers)  $47;  labourers 
$39;  Zones  II  and  III,  journeymen  $43, 
labourer  $38. 

Vacation  with  pay:  one  week  with  pay  to 
all  employees  with  one  year  of  continuous 
service  for  the  same  employer.  Vacation 
may  be  replaced  by  a  compensating  bonus, 
if  through  circumstances  beyond  his  control 
an  employer  cannot  give  said  vacation  to 
his  employees. 

Other  provisions  governing  permanent 
workers  include  regulations  covering  board 
and  lodging  as  well  as  sick  leave  pay. 


Full  Employment  Sparks  Mobility— U.K.  Survey 


Full  employment  promotes  labour 
mobility,  the  findings  of  an  inquiry  in 
England  and  Wales  indicate. 

A  sample  survey  of  the  population  of 
male  workers  aged  18  and  over  in  1945-49, 
averaging  14-5  million,  shows  that  11 
million  changes  of  occupation,  industry, 
town  or  region,  or  changes  brought  about 
by  sickness,  injury,  unemployment  or 
service  with  the  armed  forces,  were 
experienced. 

In  1930-34,  with  a  male  working  popula- 
tion only  slightly  less*  6-5  million  changes 
were  experienced. 

The  1945-49  figure  includes  about  6-5 
million  occupational  changes  and  about  5-5 
million  changes  of  industry. 

In  1950,  the  rate  of  occupational  change 
had  dropped  to  about  nine  per  cent  of 
workers  per  annum,  the  same  as  in  1949, 
it  is  noted,  and  this  may  be  the  normal 
rate  of  change  for  the  next  few  years. 

The  frequency  with  which  changes  of 
occupation  are  made  is  mainly  the  result 
of  a  great  many  workers  moving  com- 
paratively seldom.  The  average  number 
of  changes  made  by  the  men  in  the  sample 
over  their  whole  working  lives  was  three. 
A  third  of  them  had  had  four  occupations 


*  Including  the  unemployed. 


Geographical  change  was  limited  mainly 
to  change  from  one  town  to  another  in 
the  same  area.  Half  the  sample  had 
worked  in  one  town  only  throughout  their 
working  lives  and  a  further  quarter  in  two 
towns  only.  Only  about  21  per  cent  had 
worked  in  more  than  one  region. 

Changes  have  largely  been  self-compen- 
sating, it  is  stated.  In  most  occupations 
and  industries,  losses  in  one  direction  have 
been  balanced  by  gains  in  another. 

The  survey  was  carried  out  by  the  Social 
Survey  Division  of  the  Central  Office  of 
Information  at  the  request  of  the  Ministry 
of  Labour  and  National  Service  to  discover 
the  frequency  and  character  of  changes  of 
occupation,  industry  and  locality  among 
the  employed  population  of  England  and 
Wales;  to  compare  recent  rates  and 
patterns  with  previous  ones  and  ascertain 
the  factors  associated  with  change;  and  to 
suggest  to  what  extent  future  movements 
of  labour  could  be  foreseen  or  guided. 

Also  discussed  in  the  report  is  job  turn- 
over, defined  as  movement  from  one 
employer  to  another,  which  may  or  may 
not  involve  a  change  of  occupation.  It  is 
concluded  that  the  greater  part  of  change 
of  occupation  and  industry  is  only  inci- 
dental to  change  of  employer. 


77966—7 


1329 


Labour    Law 


This  section,  prepared  by  the  Legisla- 
tion Branch,  reviews  labour  laws  as  they 
are  enacted  by  Parliament  and  the 
provincial  legislatures,  regulations  under 
these  laws,  and  selected  court  decisions 
affecting  labour. 


Labour  Legislation  in  Manitoba,  1953 

Fair  Employment  Practices  Act  enacted  by  Manitoba  Legislature  at 
this  year's  session;  will  be  administered  by  Department  of  Labour. 
Workmen's  Compensation  Act  and  Fair  Wage  Act  among  those  amended 

The  Manitoba  Legislature  at  its  1953 
session,  held  from  February  24  to  April  18, 
enacted  a  Fair  Employment  Practices  Act, 
to  be  administered  by  the  Department  of 
Labour.  Applying  to  employers  with  five 
or  more  workers  and  to  trade  unions,  it 
prohibits  discrimination  in  regard  to  hiring 
and  employment  and  in  regard  to  trade 
union  membership  by  reason  of  race, 
national  origin,  colour  or  religion. 

Following  a  legislative  inquiry  into  the 
Workmen's  Compensation  Act,  the  Act  was 
amended  to  incorporate  many  of  the 
changes  recommended  by  the  committee, 
including  an  increase  from  66f  to  70  in  the 
percentage  rate  of  earnings  used  in  com- 
puting  compensation. 

Minor  amendments  were  made  to  the 
Hours  and  Conditions  of  Work  Act,  the 
Remembrance  Day  Act,  the  Vacations  with 
Pay  Act,  the  Fair  Wage  Act,  the  Minimum 
Wage  Act  and  the  Shops  Regulation  Act. 
The  1945  Licensed  Practical  Nurses  Act  was 
replaced  by  a  new  Act,  making  certain 
changes  which  experience  had  shown  to  be 
desirable. 


Fair  Employment  Practices 

The  Fair  Employment  Practices  Act, 
which  forbids  discrimination  on  the  part 
of  employers  in  regard  to  employment  and 
on  the  part  of  trade  unions  in  regard  to 
membership,  by  reason  of  race,  national 
origin,  colour  or  religion,  is  a  type  of  law 
new  in  Canada.  Ontario  enacted  a  Fair 
Employment  Practices  Act  in  1951  and  a 
federal  Act,  applying  to  all  undertakings 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  Parliament,  pro- 
vided five  or  more  persons  are  employed, 
went  into  effect  on  July  1,  1953. 

The  Manitoba  Act,  which  went  into  force 
on  April  18,  like  the  Ontario  and  federal 
Acts,  applies  to  all  employers  with  five  or 
more  employees.  Domestic  servants  in  pri- 
vate homes  are  excluded.  Neither  does 
the  Act  apply  to  any  organization  or  cor- 
poration which  is  operated  for  exclusively 
charitable,  philanthropic,  educational,  fra- 
ternal, religious  or  social  purposes  or  to 
foster  the  welfare  of  a  racial  or  religious 
group  and  not  for  private  profit. 


Designed  to  provide  equality  of  oppor- 
tunity in  employment,  the  Act  makes 
unlawful  certain  positive  acts  of  discrimina- 
tion. An  employer  is  forbidden  to  refuse 
to  employ  or  to  continue  to  employ,  or 
otherwise  to  discriminate  against,  any  per- 
son in  regard  to  employment  or  any  term 
or  condition  of  employment  because  of 
race,  national  origin,  colour  or  religion, 
unless  the  refusal  is  based  upon  a  bona  fide 
occupational  qualification.  The  italicized 
words  were  added  in  passage.  An  employer 
is  also  forbidden  to  use  an  employment 
agency  which  practises  such  discrimination. 

With  regard  to  trade  union  membership, 
the  Act  forbids  a  trade  union  to  exclude 
any  person  from  full  membership  because 
of  his  race,  national  origin,  colour  or  reli- 
gion, or,  for  any  of  these  reasons,  to  expel, 
suspend,  or  otherwise  discriminate  against 
any  of  its  members,  or  to  discriminate 
against  any  person  in  regard  to  his  employ- 
ment by  any  employer. 

Any  limitation,  specification  or  expression 
of  preference  as  to  race,  national  origin, 
colour  or  religion  in  an  advertisement  in 
connection  with  employment  is  prohibited, 
subject  to  the  same  qualification  contained 
in  the  federal  Act,  that  a  specification  or 
preference  which  is  based  upon  a  bona  fide 
occupational  qualification  is  permitted. 

The  Act  is  administered  by  the  Minister 
of  Labour  through  an  officer  in  the  Depart- 
ment designated  as  the  Director.  A  person 
who  feels  that  he  has  been  discriminated 
against  may  make  a  complaint  in  writing 
to  the  Director,  who  will  assign  an  officer 
of  the  Department  or  some  other  person 
to  inquire  into  the  complaint  and  to  try 
to  settle  the  matter.  If  he  is  unsuccessful, 
the  Minister,  on  the  recommendation  of 
the  Director,  may  set  up  an  industrial 
inquiry  commission  of  one  or  more  persons, 
with   the   powers   of   an   industrial   inquiry 


1330 


commission  appointed  under  the  Manitoba 
Labour  Relations  Act.  If  the  commission, 
after  investigating  the  complaint  and  hear- 
ing all  the  parties,  finds  that  the  complaint 
was  a  valid  one,  it  must  recommend  to  the 
Minister  the  course  which  should  be  taken, 
which  may  include  reinstatement,  with  or 
without  compensation  for  loss  of  earnings. 
When  the  Minister  receives  the  recommen- 
dations of  the  commission,  he  is  required 
to  furnish  a  copy  to  each  of  the  persons 
affected  and  he  may  publish  the  report  if 
he  sees  fit.  He  may  then  issue  whatever 
order  he  thinks  necessary  to  carry  into 
effect  the  commission's  recommendations. 

The  order  issued  by  the  Minister  is  not 
final  but  may  be  appealed  within  10  days 
to  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench.  The  decision 
of  the  judge  is  then  final  and  not  subject 
to  further  appeal.  A  person  affected  by  an 
order  of  the  Minister  must  comply  with  it 
unless  it  is  set  aside  by  an  appeal. 

The  right  of  an  aggrieved  person  to  take 
court  action  regarding  alleged  discrimina- 
tion is  retained.  As  introduced,  the  Bill 
permitted  an  aggrieved  person  to  seek 
redress  both  by  court  action  and  by  making 
written  complaint  to  the  Director  but  pro- 
vided that  court  action  was  to  take  priority 
over  the  conciliation  procedure  laid  down 
in  the  Act.  If  a  person  had  commenced 
court  proceedings,  he  could  not  make  a 
complaint  until  the  court  case  was  con- 
cluded and  if,  before  going  to  court,  he  had 
made  a  complaint,  action  on  the  complaint 
could  not  be  proceeded  with  until  the  court 
case  was  settled.  As  passed,  the  Act  states 
that  the  person  must  choose  between  enter- 
ing upon  court  proceedings  and  making  a 
complaint  to  the  Director. 

Fines  up  to  $100  for  an  individual  and  up 
to  $500  for  a  corporation,  trade  union, 
employers'  organization  or  employment 
agency  may  be  imposed,  on  summary  con- 
viction, for  a  contravention  of  the  Act. 
In  addition,  an  employer  convicted  of  hav- 
ing suspended,  laid  off,  transferred  or  dis- 
charged an  employee  contrary  to  the  Act 
may  be  required  by  the  court  to  reinstate 
him  and  pay  him  the  equivalent  of  the 
wages  he  would  have  earned  had  he  not 
been  suspended,  laid  off,  transferred  or 
discharged.  A  prosecution  for  an  offence 
under  the  Act  may  be  instituted  only  with 
the  written  consent  of  the  Minister. 

The  Act  protects  a  person  who  lays  a 
complaint  from  retaliatory  action.  It  for- 
bids an  employer  or  trade  union  to  dis- 
charge, expel,  or  otherwise  discriminate 
against  any  person  because  he  has  made  a 
complaint,    given    evidence    or    assisted    in 


any  way  in  respect  of  the  initiation  or 
prosecution  of  a  complaint  or  other  pro- 
ceeding under  the  Act. 

The  Minister  is  given  authority  to  under- 
take such  inquiries  and  other  measures  as 
appear  advisable  to  him  to  promote  the 
purposes  of  the  Act. 

Workmen's  Compensation 

Most  of  the  recommendations  of  the 
Special  Select  Committee  of  the  Legisla- 
ture appointed  last  year  to  inquire  into 
and  report  upon  the  adequacy  of  the  Work- 
men's Compensation  Act  and  its  adminis- 
tration were  adopted  by  the  Legislature 
at  its  1953  session.  These  recommendations, 
made  by  the  Committee  after  hearing 
representations  and  receiving  briefs  from 
interested  persons  and  organizations,  were 
23  in  number  and  proposed  various  amend- 
ments to  the  Act  and  certain  administrative 
changes.  Of  primary  importance  were  the 
recommendations  for  an  increase  in  the 
percentage  rate  of  compensation  for  dis- 
ability, for  the  payment  of  all  widows, 
irrespective  of  when  they  were  awarded 
compensation,  at  the  present  rate  of  $50  a 
month,  and  for  higher  monthly  payments 
for  children  dependants.  In  line  with  the 
1952  British  Columbia  Sloan  Report,  the 
Committee  recommended  that  an  advocate 
be  appointed  to  represent  the  workman  in 
cases  where  he  is  not  satisfied  with  the 
disposition  of  his  claim. 

The  amendments  went  into  effect  when 
they  were  assented  to  on  April  18. 

The  rate  of  compensation  for  disability 
was  increased  from  66f  per  cent  to  70 
per  cent  of  average  earnings.  The  same 
rate  applies  with  respect  to  the  compen- 
sations payable  in  death  cases.  The  maxi- 
mum amount  of  compensation  which  may 
be  paid,  exclusive  of  the  allowance  for 
burial  expenses  and  of  the  lump  sum  of 
$100  paid  to  the  widow,  is  now  70  per  cent 
of  the  workman's  average  monthly  earnings. 
The  percentage  rate  in  Manitoba  is  the 
same  as  that  in  effect  in  British  Columbia 
and  Quebec;  in  four  provinces,  Alberta, 
Ontario,  Prince  Edward  Island  and  Sas- 
katchewan, the  rate  is  75  per  cent;  in  the 
remaining  three  provinces,  the  rate  is  66f 
per  cent.  No  change  was  made  in  the 
wage  ceiling,  which  remains  at  $3,000  a 
year. 

The  maximum  amount  allowed  for  burial 
expenses  was  increased  from  $150  to  $200, 
the  amount  payable  in  five  other  provinces, 
and  the  limitation  of  $100  formerly  placed 
on  the  amount  to  be  spent  by  the  Board 
for  transporting  the  body  to  the  workman's 
usual  place  of  residence  was  removed.  The 
Board  is  now  authorized  to  pay  the  total 


77966— U 


1331 


cost  of  transporting  the  body  of  a  workman 
killed  in  Manitoba  to  his  home  in  the 
province  or  to  any  other  place  in  the 
province  approved  by  the  Board.  Where 
the  body  has  to  be  moved  for  burial  either 
to  or  from  a  point  outside  the  province, 
the  Board  may,  in  its  discretion,  pay  part 
of  the  necessary  expenses. 

In  recommending  that  the  monthly  pay- 
ments of  all  widows  receiving  compensation 
according  to  earlier  scales  of  benefit  should 
be  brought  up  to  the  present  level  of 
$50  a  month,  the  Legislative  Committee 
followed  the  example  set  by  the  Alberta 
Legislature  in  1952  after  a  similar  inquiry. 
It  was  enacted  that,  from  April  18,  1953, 
any  invalid  widower  or  widow  receiving 
compensation,  irrespective  of  when  the 
accident  occurred  or  of  the  date  of  the 
award  of  compensation,  should  receive 
whatever  additional  sum  is  necessary  to 
bring  his  or  her  monthly  payment  up  to 
$50  and  the  sums  necessary  to  pay  the 
increased  pensions  are  to  be  levied  and 
collected  from  employers  within  Part  I 
of  the  Act. 

A  substantial  increase  was  provided  for 
in  children's  allowances.  For  those  in  the 
care  of  a  remaining  parent  the  monthly 
pension  was  raised  from  $12  to  $20  and  for 
orphans  from  $20  to  $30.  These  allowances 
are  payable  to  the  age  of  16. 

The  maximum  and  minimum  limits 
placed  by  the  Act  on  the  total  amount  of 
compensation  payable  to  dependants  in 
death  cases  were  also  increased.  As  noted 
above,  the  maximum  was  increased  from 
66f  per  cent  of  the  workman's  average 
monthly  earnings  to  70  per  cent.  The  mini- 
mum compensation  payable  to  a  dependent 
widow  and  one  child  was  raised  from  $12.50 
a  week  to  $70  a  month,  and  to  a  widow 
and  two  or  more  children,  from  $15  a  week 
to  $90  a  month. 

A  change  was  made  with  respect  to 
vocational  training  which  the  Board  has 
authority  to  provide  in  order  to  prepare 
an  injured  workman  for  another  occupation 
to  which  he  may  seem  adapted  and  which 
is  likely  to  increase  his  future  earning 
capacity.  In  accordance  with  the  Com- 
mittee's recommendations,  the  cost  of  such 
vocational  training  is  no  longer  to  be  taken 
from  the  reserve  set  aside  for  the  work- 
man's compensation  but  is  to  be  borne  by 
the  Board.  For  this  purpose,  the  Board 
was  authorized  to  spend  up  to  $10,000  a 
year.  In  the  Acts  of  all  provinces  except 
Alberta,  British  Columbia  and  Saskatche- 
wan, a  limit  is  placed  on  the  Board's  annual 
expenditure  for  rehabilitation  work,  vary- 
ing from  $5,000  a  year  in  Prince  Edward 
Island  to  $100,000  in  Ontario  and  Quebec. 


Several  amendments,  also  incorporating 
recommendations  of  the  Committee,  make 
the  benefits  of  the  Act  applicable  to  more 
persons.  As  in  Alberta,  British  Columbia 
and  Saskatchewan,  a  common-law  wife  may 
now  receive  benefits  under  the  Act.  If  there 
is  no  widow,  a  common-law  wife  may,  at 
the  discretion  of  the  Board,  be  paid  the 
compensation  normally  granted  to  a  widow 
if  she  lived  with  the  workman  during  the 
entire  period  of  the  three  years  immediately 
preceding  his  death.  Her  compensation 
payments  cease  if  she  marries.  Clerical 
workers  not  exposed  to  the  hazards  incident 
to  the  employment  who  were  formerly 
excluded  from  the  Act  may  now  be  brought 
under  the  Act  by  application  of  the 
employer,  if  approved  by  the  Board. 

Members  of  the  employer's  family  are, 
as  before,  covered  by  the  Act  only  if  an 
application  is  made  by  the  employer  to 
have  them  brought  within  it.  An  amend- 
ment makes  it  clear  that  the  members  of 
the  employer's  family,  referred  to  above, 
are  those  who  are  employed  by  him  and 
are  members  of  his  household. 

An  amendment  was  also  made  to  the 
section  of  the  Act  which  lays  down  the 
conditions  under  which  compensation  is 
payable  for  an  accident  which  occurs  out- 
side Manitoba.  The  amendment  provides 
that  members  of  a  fire  brigade  or  other 
municipal  employees  who  are  residents  of 
Manitoba  and  whose  work  is  normally 
performed  within  Manitoba  are  eligible  for 
compensation  for  an  accident  which  occurs 
when  their  duties  take  them  outside  the 
province. 

The  definition  of  "learner"  was  amended. 
"Learners"  were  brought  under  the  Act  in 
1950  and  since  that  time  have  been  brought 
under  the  Acts  of  four  other  provinces. 
A  "learner"  is  now  defined  in  the  Manitoba 
Act  as  a  person  not  under  contract  of  ser- 
vice who  becomes  subject  to  the  hazards 
of  an  industry  within  the  scope  of  Part  I 
for  the  purpose  of  undergoing  training  or 
probationary  work  as  a  preliminary  to 
employment.  The  words  restricting  the 
training  or  probationary  work  to  that 
"specified  or  stipulated  by  the  employer" 
were  struck  out. 

Another  amendment  which  liberalized  the 
terms  of  the  Act  had  to  do  with  compensa- 
tion for  hernia.  Compensation  is  payable 
for  hernia  caused  by  a  strain  or  other 
accident  arising  out  of  employment,  pro- 
vided certain  conditions  are  fulfilled.  It  is 
also  payable  in  the  case  of  a  pre-existent 
hernia  which  becomes  strangulated  as  a 
result    of   an   industrial   strain   or   accident. 


1332 


An  amendment,  recommended  by  the  Com- 
mittee, permits  the  Board  to  pay  compen- 
sation for  the  aggravation  of  a  pre-existing 
hernia.  In  such  a  case  the  Board  may,  in 
its  discretion,  order  payment  of  the  claim 
or  part  of  the  claim. 

With  respect  to  the  medical  treatment 
provided  for  the  worker  by  the  Board,  the 
Act  now  authorizes  the  Board  to  refer  a 
workman  to  a  chiropractor  or  osteopath  for 
treatment  if  it  considers  such  treatment 
advisable.  Formerly,  such  treatment  could 
be  given  only  on  the  request  of  the  injured 
workman. 

An  amendment  was  made  to  the  section 
of  the  Act  which  provides  for  a  deduction 
from  compensation  of  any  payment,  allow- 
ance or  benefit  which  an  injured  workman 
may  receive  from  his  employer  and  for  the 
reimbursement  of  the  employer  from  the 
Accident  Fund  for  any  amount  so  paid. 
Before  being  amended,  the  section  referred 
to  "any  payment,  allowance  or  benefit  which 
the  workman  may  receive  from  his  em- 
ployer during  the  period  of  his  disability, 
including  any  pension,  gratuity  or  other 
allowance  provided  wholly  at  the  expense 
of  the  employer".  Practically  the  same 
wording  is  found  in  the  Acts  of  all  provin- 
ces but  Ontario  and  Saskatchewan.  The 
new  wording,  following  that  of  the  corres- 
ponding section  in  the  Ontario  and  Sas- 
katchewan Acts,  replaces  the  phrase  "during 
the  period  of  his  disability"  with  the 
phrase  "in  respect  of  the  workman's  acci- 
dent" and  the  reference  to  a  pension 
provided  wholly  by  the  employer  is 
removed. 

Two  administrative  changes  were  made, 
one  of  which  provides  for  the  appointment 
of  an  officer  of  the  Manitoba  Department 
of  Labour  to  assist  an  injured  workman 
at  his  request  in  preparing  and  presenting 
his  case  in  a  review  made  by  the  Board, 
when  he  is  not  satisfied  with  the  original 
disposition  of  his  case.  The  Committee 
suggested  that  this  officer  should  act  in 
a  similar  capacity  to  the  pensions  advocates 
employed  by  the  Department  of  Veterans 
Affairs  to  give  help  to  veterans  in  making 
a  claim  for  pensions  before  the  Canadian 
Pension  Commission. 

A  further  provision  requires  the  two 
members  of  the  Board,  other  than  the 
chairman,  to  be  appointed  for  a  five-year 
term  but  permits  them  to  be  re-appointed 
for  a  further  term  or  terms.  All  members 
of  the  Manitoba  Board  must  retire  at  the 
age  of  75  unless  the  Lieutenant-Governor 
in  Council  directs  otherwise. 


Payment  of  Overtime 

An  amendment  to  the  Hours  and  condi- 
tions of  Work  Act  regulates  the  payment 
of  overtime  in  the  week  in  which  Remem- 
brance Day  occurs.  The  day  is  observed 
as  a  statutory  holiday  by  virtue  of  the 
Remembrance  Day  Act  and  work  for  gain 
or  reward  is  prohibited  except  in  certain 
essential  services. 

The  Act  limits  daily  and  weekly  hours 
to  eight  and  44  for  women  and  eight  and 
48  for  men  unless  time  and  one-half  the 
regular  rate  is  paid  after  those  limits.  By 
the  1953  amendment,  an  employer  is  not 
required  to  pay  overtime  rates  for  extra 
time  worked  in  the  week  in  which  Remem- 
brance Day  occurs  unless  the  employee  is 
required  to  work  more  than  11  hours  in  a 
day  or  more  than  the  maximum  weekly 
hours  fixed  by  the  Act.  This  provision 
does  not  apply  if  Remembrance  Day  falls 
on  a  Sunday  or  on  another  day  on  which 
the  employee  would  not  normally  be  at 
work. 

A  further  amendment  extends  the  cover- 
age of  the  Act.  Since  its  enactment  in  1949 
the  Act  has  applied  to  the  chief  industrial 
centres  of  the  province,  namely,  Winnipeg 
and  environs,  Brandon,  Portage  la  Prairie, 
Flin  Flon  and  Selkirk.  Coverage  now 
extends  to  the  local  Government  Districts 
of  Snow  Lake  and  Lynn  Lake,  two  mining 
communities  in  Northern  Manitoba. 

Prohibition  of  Work  on  Remembrance  Day 

Two  amendments  were  made  to  the 
Remembrance  Day  Act.  One  exempts 
entirely  from  the  Act  the  publication  of 
newspapers,  including  all  work  for  their 
preparation,  printing  and  distribution. 
Formerly,  the  publication  of  newspapers 
was  included  in  the  list  of  essential  services 
permitted  to  be  carried  on  on  Remem- 
brance Day  but  only  as  regards  work  done 
after  1  p.m.  for  the  preparation  of  regular 
editions  for  the  next  day. 

Since  it  was  passed  in  1951,  the  Act  has 
required  compensatory  time  off  without 
loss  of  pay  to  be  granted  within  30  days 
either  before  or  after  November  11  to  any 
employee  other  than  a  watchman,  furnace 
tender  or  janitor  who  is  required  to  work 
on  Remembrance  Day  (under  permit  from 
the  Minister  of  Labour).  The  second 
amendment  provides  that  compensatory 
time  off  with  regular  pay  within  30  days  is 
to  be  granted  only  in  the  case  of 
employees  who  are  paid  at  their  regular 
rate  for  working  on  the  holiday. 


1333 


Vacations  with  Pay 

The  Vacations  with  Pay  Act  was  amended 
to  provide  for  cases  where  an  employer 
loses  the  employee's  vacation  stamp  book. 
Since  1948  a  stamp  system  of  holiday  pay 
credits  equivalent  to  two  per  cent  of  the 
wages  earned  in  each  regular  pay  period 
has  been  in  effect  in  Greater  Winnipeg  for 
workers   in   the    construction   industry. 

The  amendment  provides  that,  if  an 
employer  accepts  the  employee's  vacation 
stamp  book  for  safekeeping,  he  must  return 
it  to  the  employee  on  demand.  If  he  is 
unable  to  do  so  because  of  loss,  misplace- 
ment or  any  other  reason,  he  must,  within 
a  week  of  the  employee's  request,  issue 
a  new  book  containing  the  amount  of  vaca- 
tion pay  stamps  affixed  to  the  book  at 
the  time  it  was  deposited  with  him  and 
all  credits  subsequently  earned  by  the 
employee. 

Changes  in  Fair  Wage  and  Minimum  Wage  Acts 

As  the  result  of  a  1953  amendment,  the 
Fair  Wage  Act  now  provides  that  an 
employer  must  keep  a  register  showing  the 
name,  address  and  classification  of  each 
employee  and  his  wage  rate,  actual  earnings 
and  daily  hours  worked  during  the  previous 
12  months  and  must  permit  examination  of 
the  register  by  the  Fair  Wage  Board  or 
any  officer  of  the  Department  of  Labour. 
The  Act  formerly  authorized  the  Minister 
of  Labour  to  require  a  contractor  to  file  a 
monthly  list  showing  the  names,  wage 
rates,  wages  paid,  and  wages  due  and 
unpaid  and  to  certify  to  its  correctness 
upon  oath. 

The  Minimum  Wage  Act  was  also 
amended  with  respect  to  the  special  per- 
mits issued  by  the  Minister  of  Labour  to 
an  employer  upon  application  authorizing 
employment  of  handicapped,  inexperienced 
or  part-time  workers  or  of  apprentices,  or 
authorizing  employees  to  work  overtime. 
These  permits  may  now  be  subject  to  such 
conditions  as  the  Minister  may  prescribe 
instead  of,  as  formerly,  the  conditions  pres- 
cribed by  the  Minimum  Wage  Board  with 
the  approval  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor 
in  Council. 

Under  both  the  Fair  Wage  Act  and  the 
Minimum  Wage  Act,  only  maximum  penal- 
ties for  breach  of  the  Acts  are  now  laid 
down.  Minimum  penalties  were  removed. 
For  violation  of  the  Fair  Wage  Act  a  maxi- 
mum fine  of  $100  or  imprisonment  up  to 
three  months  is  provided  for  while  under 
the  Minimum  Wage  Act  a  maximum  fine 
of  $300  and/or  six  months'  imprisonment 
may  be  imposed.   The  term  allowed  within 


which  notice  of  an  appeal  against  a  convic- 
tion must  be  given  under  either  Act  was 
reduced  from  30  days  to  10  days. 

Closing  ot  Shops 

The  Shops  Regulation  Act  was  amended 
to  empower  the  administrator  of  a  local 
government  district  to  pass  a  by-law  to 
regulate  the  hours  of  closing  of  shops.  The 
Act  already  makes  it  mandatory  on  a 
council  of  a  city,  town,  village,  municipal 
district  or  rural  municipality  to  pass  a 
by-law  requiring  the  closing  of  any  par- 
ticular class  or  classes  of  shops  at  specified 
times  and  hours  within  a  month  after 
receiving  a  petition  signed  by  three-fourths 
of  the  occupiers  concerned. 

Licensing  of  Practical  Nurses 

A  new  Licensed  Practical  Nurses  Act 
replaces  the  Act  passed  in  1945.  Manitoba 
was  the  first  province  to  enact  a  law  pro- 
viding for  the  licensing  of  practical  nurses; 
four  other  provinces  have  since  passed 
similar  Acts. 

The  new  Act  provides  for  the  licensing 
and  registration  of  practical  nurses  and 
prohibits  unlicensed  persons  from  practising 
as  practical  nurses  in  the  province.  Where- 
ever  a  medical  practitioner  so  requires,  the 
services  of  a  practical  nurse  may  be  per- 
formed only  under  the  supervision  of  a 
registered  nurse  and,  if  the  practical  nurse 
is  employed  in  a  hospital  or  other  institu- 
tion, she  must  be  supervised  by  a  registered 
nurse  at  all  times. 

The  Act  is  administered  by  the  Minister 
of  Health  and  Public  Welfare  through  an 
advisoiy  council  composed  of  the  Deputy 
Minister  of  Health,  the  Registrar-Consul- 
tant appointed  under  the  Act,  who  acts  as 
secretary  of  the  Council,  the  Director  of 
Public  Health  Nursing  and  10  other  mem- 
bers appointed  by  the  Lieutenant-Governor 
in  Council.  Included  in  the  membership 
are  representatives  of  the  medical  profes- 
sion, the  Manitoba  Association  of  Regis- 
tered Nurses,  the  Associated  Hospitals  of 
Manitoba,  and  the  Manitoba  Association  of 
Licensed  Practical  Nurses. 

The  Minister  is  given  authority  to  estab- 
lish one  or  more  schools  for  the  training 
of  student  practical  nurses  or  to  sanction 
the  establishment  of  a  school  for  that 
purpose  by  a  hospital  or  other  institution. 
Formerly,  only  one  central  training  school 
was  provided  for.  No  such  school  may  be 
carried  on  without  the  approval  of  the 
Minister  and  the  Lieutenant-Governor  in 
Council. 

Where  a  school  is  established  by  the 
Minister,  such  teaching  staff  as  he  may 
deem     necessary     or     advisable     may     be 


1334 


appointed  as  provided  in  the  Civil  Service 
Act.  The  Minister  must  give  written 
approval  for  the  employment  of  any 
teacher  in  any  other  approved  school. 

The  function  of  the  advisory  council  is 
to  advise  the  Minister  regarding  the  estab- 
lishment and  staffing  of  schools,  to  prescribe 
the  curriculum  of  studies  and  program  of 
training,  to  determine  the  length  of  time 
to  be  spent  in  obtaining  clinical  experience 
and  to  arrange  with  hospitals  to  provide 
such  experience,  to  prescribe  the  examina- 
tions to  be  taken  by  persons  applying  for 
a  certificate  of  qualification,  to  issue  licen- 
ces, and  to  suspend,  revoke  or  cancel 
licences  and  certificates  of  qualification. 
The  council  must  also  consider  and  investi- 
gate any  complaint  made  against  a  licensed 
practical  nurse  and  decide  whether  or  not 
there  are  grounds  for  suspending,  revoking 
or  cancelling  her  certificate  of  qualification 
or  licence. 

It  is  the  responsibility  of  the  Registrar 
to  keep  a  register  of  all  duly  enrolled  and 
licensed  practical  nurses  and  of  all  student 
practical  nurses,  to  exercise  general  super- 
vision over  approved  schools,  and,  at  the 
request  of  the  council,  to  inspect  any 
school  or  hospital. 

The  Act  now  provides  for  the  issuing  of 
a  certificate  of  qualification  on  the  success- 
ful completion  of  the  course  of  training. 
A  person  to  whom  a  certificate  has  been 
issued  may,  on  payment  of  the  prescribed 
fee,  apply  to  the  registrar  for  registration 
of  the  certificate  and  for  enrolment  in  the 
register. 

A  person  who  is  21  years  of  age,  who 
holds  a  registered  certificate  of  qualifica- 
tion and  who  has  had  the  required  clinical 
experience  may  apply  for  and  be  granted 
a  licence,  on  payment  of  the  prescribed  fee. 
A  new  provision  authorizes  the  Council  to 
issue  a  licence  to  a  person  who  furnishes 
proof  of  having  equivalent  qualifications 
to  those  prescribed  in  the  Act  for  a  certi- 
ficate but  the  council  may  require  such  an 
applicant  to  take  a  supplementary  course 
of  training.  A  special  licence  may  also  be 
issued  to  a  person  otherwise  qualified  but 


who  is  under  21  years  old.  All  licences 
expire  on  December  31  and  are  renewable 
on  payment  of  a  fee. 

Credit  Unions 

An  amendment  to  the  Credit  Unions  Act 
provides  for  a  new  central  credit  union 
organization  composed  of  the  present  cen- 
tral organization,  the  Cooperative  Credit 
Society  of  Manitoba  Limited,  and  any 
other  similar  organization  which  may  be 
incorporated  and  approved  by  the  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor in  Council. 

One  of  the  objects  of  credit  union  socie- 
ties is  to  make  loans  to  their  members  for 
provident  or  productive  purposes.  By  a 
further  amendment,  a  loan  of  not  more 
than  $200  may  be  made  without  security, 
rather  than  $100,  as  before. 

With  respect  to  fees,  the  amendment 
authorizes  the  Lieutenant-Governor  in 
Council  to  make  regulations  prescribing  a 
schedule  of  fees  to  be  paid  to  the  Govern- 
ment by  credit  union  societies  and  fixing 
the  time  and  manner  of  payment.  Fees 
are  payable  to  the  Minister  of  Agriculture 
for  remittal  to  the  Provincial  Treasurer. 

Bill  Not  Passed 

A  private  member's  bill  which  sought  to 
amend  the  Hours  and  Conditions  of  Work 
Act,  similar  to  one  introduced  last  year, 
was  defeated  on  the  vote  for  second  read- 
ing. It  would  have  provided  for  a  maxi- 
mum work-week  of  40  hours  for  workers 
of  both  sexes  unless  time  and  one-half  was 
paid  for  work  performed  after  this  limit. 
The  amendment  would  also  have  required 
the  payment  of  double  time  rates  instead 
of  time  and  one-half  for  work  done  on  a 
general  holiday. 

A  further  amendment  sought  to  change 
the  weekly  rest  provisions.  The  Act  at 
present  exempts  from  the  weekly  rest 
requirement  watchmen,  janitors  and  fire- 
men who  live  in  the  building  in  which  they 
are  employed  unless  the  nature  of  their 
work  is  such  that  it  cannot  reasonably  be 
performed  within  an  average  of  10  hours 
of  actual  work  each  day.  The  amendment 
would  have  changed  the  10  hours  to  eight 
hours. 


N.B.  Local  Celebrates  50th  Anniversary 

The  50th  anniversary  of  the  Saint  John  Printing  Pressmen  and  Assistants'  Union 
No.  36  was  observed  at  the  beginning  of  April  at  a  banquet  in  Saint  John,  N.B. 

The  special  speakers  were:  Hon.  A.  E.  Skaling,  provincial  Minister  of  Labour,  and 
James  A.  Whitebone,  a  Vice-President  of  the  Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada. 
Chairman  at  the  banquet  was  Joseph  A.  Dever,  President  of  the  local. 


1335 


Legal  Decisions  Affecting  Labour 

Supreme  Court  of  Canada  upholds  contempt  of  court  sentences  imposed 
on  B.  C.  woodworkers  for  refusing  to  obey  anti-picketing  injunction. 
British  Columbia  court  rules  interprovincial  pipe  line  not  subject 
to  provincial  law;  municipal  board  must  carry  out   arbitration   award 


The  Supreme  Court  of  Canada  upheld 
the  British  Columbia  courts  in  imposing  a 
sentence  for  contempt  of  court  on  members 
of  the  woodworkers'  union  for  refusing  to 
obey  an  anti-picketing  injunction. 

In  an  action  arising  out  of  the  filing  of 
a  mechanic's  lien,  the  British  Columbia 
Court  of  Appeal  held  Trans  Mountain 
Pipe  Line  Company  to  be  within  exclusive 
federal  jurisdiction  and  not  subject  to 
provincial  law.  In  another  case  the  Court 
dismissed  an  appeal  by  a  municipal  board 
against  a  judgment  requiring  the  board  to 
comply  with  an  arbitration  award. 

The  Appeal  Court  in  Quebec  ruled  that 
the  trial  court  was  right  in  refusing  an 
injunction  directed  against  the  Labour 
Relations  Board  in  connection  with  the 
determination  of  bargaining  rights  at 
RCA  Victor  Limited. 

The  Saskatchewan  Joint  Board  of  the 
Retail,  Wholesale  and  Department  Store 
Union  (CIO)  was  held  by  the  Court  of 
Queen's  Bench  to  have  been  properly 
certified  as  bargaining  agent  for  a  unit  of 
retail  store  employees. 

In  Quebec,  a  parity  committee  lost  an 
action  for  damages  in  the  Superior  Court 
against  a  clothing  manufacturer. 

Supreme  Court  of  Canada  .  .  . 

.  .  .  dismisses   union   officer's   appeal    against    con- 
viction    for    defiance    of    anti-picketing    injunction 

A  decision  given  by  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Canada  on  April  28  confirmed  the 
sentence  imposed  for  contempt  of  court 
on  Poje,  an  officer  of  the  International 
Woodworkers  of  America,  and  14  other 
members  of  the  union,  as  a  result  of  their 
conduct  in  refusing  to  obey  an  anti- 
picketing  injunction  issued  against  them 
during  the  woodworkers'  strike  in  British 
Columbia  in  July  1952. 

The  British  Columbia  Supreme  Court 
convicted  the  picketers  of  contempt  of 
court  on  September  16,  1952,  imposing  a 
penalty  of  three  months'  imprisonment  and 
a  $3,000  fine  on  Poje  and  one  month's 
imprisonment  or  a  $300  fine  on  each  of  the 
other  14  members  (L.G.,  Nov.  1952, 
p.  1489).  Their  appeal  from  this  judgment 
was  dismissed  by  the  Appeal  Court  of  the 
province  on  October  7  (L.G.,  Jan.,  p.  106). 


An  appeal  was  then  brought  to  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Canada.  The  five  members  of  the 
Court  sitting  on  the  case  were  unanimous 
in  the  decision  to  reject  the  appeal. 

Giving  reasons  for  decision  in  which  the 
Chief  Justice  and  Mr.  Justice  Rand  con- 
curred, Mr.  Justice  Kellock  discussed  legal 
theory  and  practice  with  respect  to  con- 
tempt of  court  arising  out  of  a  civil  case. 
Contempt  proceedings  for  breach  of  an 
injunction  are  of  a  civil  nature  and  in  such 
cases  the  court  acts  to  enforce  the  rights 
of  the  opposite  party.  However,  conduct 
which  is  a  violation  of  an  injunction  may 
also  possess  all  the  features  of  criminal 
contempt  of  court,  and  in  such  cases  a 
punitive  sentence  is  called  for.  A  con- 
tempt which  tends  to  bring  the  administra- 
tion of  justice  into  scorn  or  to  interfere 
with  the  due  course  of  justice,  in  other 
words  a  public  injury  rather  than  a  private 
injury  only,  is  criminal  in  nature  and  the 
court  may  intervene  on  its  own  motion  to 
punish  it. 

Mr.  Justice  Kellock  then  reviewed  the 
actions  of  the  appellants  to  see  whether 
they  did  involve  criminal  contempt  of 
court.  During  the  lumber  strike,  members 
of  the  woodworkers'  union  had  established 
a  picket  line  at  the  entrance  to  the  bridge 
leading  to  the  Government  dock  in 
Nanaimo,  where  the  MS  Vedby  was  moored 
for  the  purpose  of  loading  lumber.  The 
longshoremen  supposed  to  load  the  lumber 
refused  to  cross  the  picket  line.  The 
shipping  company  then  obtained  an  injunc- 
tion which  ordered  the  defendants  to 
refrain  from  picketing  the  dock,  from 
preventing  or  interfering  with  the 
loading  of  the  ship  and  from  in- 
terfering with  persons  seeking  to  go  to 
or  from  the  ship.  This  order  was  served 
on  Poje  and  was  posted  on  the  bridgehead. 
The  woodworkers  continued  to  picket  the 
bridge  for  several  days,  in  spite  of  repeated 
attempts  by  the  sheriff  to  make  them 
disperse  by  reading  the  injunction  order 
and  warning  them  that  he  considered  their 
conduct  contempt  of  court.  Large  numbers 
of  picketers  gathered  at  the  times  when  the 
longshoremen  were  supposed  to  arrive  to 
begin  loading,  as  many  as  150  men  on  one 
occasion. 


1336 


The  shipping  company  moved  to  commit 
the  picketers  for  disobedience  to  the  in- 
junction, but  discontinued  action  when  this 
dispute  with  the  union  was  settled.  The 
Chief  Justice  of  the  British  Columbia 
Supreme  Court  then  took  contempt  pro- 
ceedings on  his  own  motion. 

Mr.  Justice  Kellock  held  that  the  Chief 
Justice  did  have  jurisdiction  to  take  such 
action  because  the  conduct  constituted  a 
criminal  contempt  of  court.    In  his  words: — 

The  context  in  which  these  incidents 
occurred,  the  large  numbers  of  men  involved 
and  the  public  nature  of  the  defiance  of  the 
order  of  the  Court  transfer  the  conduct  here 
in  question  from  the  realm  of  a  mere  civil 
contempt,  such  as  an  ordinary  breach  of 
injunction  with  respect  to  private  rights  in 
a  patent  or  trade  mark,  for  example,  into 
the  realm  of  a  public  depreciation  of  the 
authority  of  the  Court  tending  to  bring  the 
administration  of  justice  into  scorn. 

He  added  that  the  nuisance  created  by 
the  picketers  brought  them  within  the 
scope  of  the  Criminal  Code  but  that,  over 
and  above  specific  offences,  the  character 
of  the  conduct  involved  a  public  injury 
amounting  to  criminal  contempt. 

Mr.  Justice  Kerwin  and  Mr.  Justice 
Estey  agreed  that  the  appeal  should  be 
dismissed.  They  found  no  substance  in  the 
appellants'  objections  to  the  procedure  of 
the  British  Columbia  Supreme  Court,  first 
in  the  issuing  of  the  injunction  and  later 
in  committing  the  picketers  for  contempt 
of  court.  They  gave  no  opinion  as  to  the 
nature  of  the  contempt. 

The  appeal  of  the  union  members  was 
accordingly  dismissed.  Tony  Poje  et  al 
v.  Attorney-General  of  British  Columbia, 
[1953]  2  DLR  785. 

British  Columbia  Court  ot  Appeal  .  .  . 

.  .  .  holds  mechanic's  lien  under  provincial  Act  not 
enforceable    against    an    interprovincial    pipe    line 

The  British  Columbia  Court  of  Appeal 
ruled  May  22  that  a  mechanic's  lien  pro- 
vided for  under  a  provincial  act  cannot  be 
enforced  against  an  interprovincial  oil  pipe 
line,  since  it  is  exclusively  under  federal 
jurisdiction. 

Mr.  Justice  O'Halloran  gave  the  facts  of 
the  case  in  delivering  the  judgment  of  the 
Court.  One  of  the  defendant  companies, 
Trans  Mountain  Oil  Pipe  Line  Company, 
was  authorized  under  the  provisions  of  the 
1949  federal  Pipe  Lines  Act  to  construct 
an  oil  pipe  line  from  a  terminal  near 
Acheson  in  Alberta  to  a  terminal  near 
Vancouver  in  British  Columbia.  The  other 
defendant  company,  Comstock  Midwestern 
Limited,  made  a  contract  with  the  first 
company   to    construct    certain   sections   of 


the  pipe  line.  This  company  then  sublet 
the  clearing,  grubbing  and  grading  of 
certain  portions  of  the  right  of  way  to 
Campbell-Bennett  Limited.  This  firm  of 
contractors  maintained  that  substantial 
sums  were  owing  to  it  by  Comstock 
Midwestern  Limited  for  work  done  in  the 
counties  of  Westminster,  Cariboo  and  Yale 
in  British  Columbia  and  filed  a  claim 
against  the  two  companies  under  the 
provincial  Mechanics'  Lien  Act  in  each  of 
the  three  counties. 

The  matter  came  before  the  Appeal 
Court  on  an  appeal  from  the  ruling  of  a 
Yale  county  court  judge,  who  held  that  a 
mechanic's  lien  could  not  be  enforced 
against  the  oil  pipe  line  and  that  the 
Mechanic's  Lien  Act  could  not  be  invoked 
to  obtain  a  personal  judgment. 

The  Appeal  Court  held  that  the  Trans 
Mountain  Oil  Pipe  Line  Company  came 
exclusively  within  federal  jurisdiction  by 
virtue  of  the  British  North  America  Act, 
which  excludes  from  provincial  control 
"Lines  of  Steam  or  other  Ships,  Railways, 
Canals,  Telegraphs,  and  other  works  and 
Undertakings  connecting  the  Province  with 
any  other  or  others  of  the  Provinces,  or 
extending  beyond  the  Limits  of  the  Prov- 
ince." The  oil  pipe  line  indisputably  con- 
nects the  provinces  of  Alberta  and  British 
Columbia  and  the  portions  of  the  pipe  line 
in  the  two  provinces  are  integrated,  con- 
tinuous and  essential  parts  of  the  whole 
undertaking,  which  is  designed  to  permit 
the  continuous  flow  of  oil  from  the  produc- 
tion sources  in  Alberta  to  the  refineries 
and  market-preparing  facilities  on  the 
British  Columbia  coast. 

Mr.  Justice  O'Halloran  also  noted  that 
the  enactment  of  the  Pipe  Lines  Act  by 
the  Parliament  of  Canada  in  1949  showed 
that  the  problem  of  distributing  the  oil 
produced  in  Alberta  was  recognized  as  a 
national  responsibility.  The  Trans 
Mountain  Oil  Pipe  Line  Company  was 
incorporated  by  the  federal  Parliament 
under  a  special  Act  in  1951. 

The  Court  therefore  held  that  a  pro- 
vincial authority  could  not  interfere  with 
a  federal  undertaking  by  enforcing  a 
mechanic's  lien.  If  a  lien  were  enforced 
by  a  county  court,  the  portion  of  the  pipe 
line  within  the  county  would  be  sold.  Such 
a  sale  would  obviously  lead  to  disintegra- 
tion and  destruction  of  the  whole  inter- 
provincial pipe  line.  "In  short,  the  juris- 
diction of  the  province  could  then  be 
invoked  to  obstruct  and  defeat  an  under- 
taking completely  outside  its  jurisdiction 
and  solely  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
Dominion." 


1337 


The  plaintiff  company  sought  to  obtain 
a  personal  judgment  for  the  sum  of  $860,000 
as  an  alternative  to  the  enforcement  of  a 
lien.  Mr.  Justice  O'Halloran  stated  that 
such  a  judgment  would  depend  for  its 
existence  on  the  right  to  a  lien.  Since  a 
provincial  court  had  no  power  to  enforce 
a  lien  in  this  case,  no  right  to  an  alter- 
native remedy  existed. 

The  appeal  was  accordingly  dismissed. 
Campbell-Bennett  Ltd.,  v.  Comstock  Mid- 
western Ltd.  and  Trans  Mountain  Oil  Pipe 
Line  Company,  [1953]  8  WWR  (NS)  683. 

British  Columbia  Court  of  Appeal  .  .  . 

.  .  .  confirms   judgment  requiring    municipal   board 
to  carry    out    conciliation   board's   recommendation 

On  April  10  the  Court  of  Appeal  of 
British  Columbia  dismissed  the  appeal  of 
the  Saanich  Board  of  Police  Commissioners 
from  a  judgment  of  the  provincial  Supreme 
Court  requiring  the  commissioners  to  carry 
out  the  recommendations  of  a  conciliation 
board  (L.G.,  May,  p.  733). 

The  conciliation  board  had  been 
appointed  under  the  Industrial  Concilia- 
tion and  Arbitration  Act  to  settle  a  dispute 
between  the  Board  of  Police  Commis- 
sioners and  the  policemen  of  Saanich.  By 
the  terms  of  the  British  Columbia 
Municipal  Act,  the  report  of  the  Board 
was  binding  on  both  parties  to  the  dispute. 
The  police  commissioners,  however,  refused 
to  accept  two  changes  recommended  in  the 
report,  arguing  that  the  relationship 
between  themselves  and  the  policemen  was 
not  that  of  employer  and  employee  and 
that  therefore  the  ICA  Act  had  no 
application. 

The  employees'  association  representing 
the  Saanich  policemen  applied  to  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  province  for  an  order 
to  require  the  commissioners  to  carry  out 
the  board's  recommendations.  The  Court 
granted  the  application,  holding  that,  even 
though  policemen  were  not  "employees"  in 
the  usual  sense,  the  Municipal  Act  made 
the  conciliation  machinery  of  the  ICA  Act 
available  to  them  and  specifically  provided 
that  in  a  dispute  between  policemen  and  a 
board  of  police  commissioners  the  recom- 
mendations of  a  conciliation  board  should 
be  binding  on  both  parties. 

The  Appeal  Court  unanimously  upheld 
this  judgment  and  dismissed  the  appeal. 
Saanich  Municipal  Employees'  Association, 
Local  874,  v.  Board  of  Commissioners  of 
Police  of  District  of  Saanich,  [1953]  8  WWR 
(NS)  651. 


Quebec  Court  of  Queen's  Bench,  Appeal  Side . . . 

.  .  .  dismisses    UE's    claim    for  injuntion    to    prevent 
the    certification  of  a    rival   union    at    RCA    Victor 

The  Quebec  Court  of  Queen's  Bench, 
Appeal  Side,  on  April  28  dismissed  an 
appeal  brought  by  representatives  of  the 
United  Electrical  Radio  and  Machine 
Workers  of  America,  Local  531,  from  a 
judgment  of  the  Superior  Court  dismissing 
an  application  for  an  injunction  against  a 
rival  union  of  electrical  workers  to  prevent 
it  from  proceeding  with  an  application  for 
certification  before  the  Labour  Relations 
Board. 

The  facts  of  the  case  were  given  by  Mr. 
Justice  Pratte.  In  1946  the  United  Elec- 
trical Workers  local  was  certified  as 
bargaining  agent  for  the  employees  of 
RCA  Victor  Limited.  That  local  signed 
several  collective  agreements  with  the  com- 
pany, the  last  one  on  March  30,  1951,  to 
be  effective  for  a  period  of  one  year.  In 
April  1952,  a  rival  union,  Local  568  of 
the  International  Brotherhood  of  Electrical 
Workers,  applied  to  the  Labour  Relations 
Board  for  certification  in  place  of  the 
UEW,  claiming  to  have  as  members  a 
majority  of  the  RCA  Victor  employees. 
While  this  application  was  pending,  the 
UEW  local  brought  action  for  an  injunc- 
tion against  its  rival  and  against  the 
company  to  restrain  the  IBEW  from 
proceeding  with  its  application.  This 
demand  for  an  interlocutory  injunction  was 
dismissed  by  the  Superior  Court;  the  union 
was  now  appealing  from  this  judgment. 

The  demand  for  the  injunction  was 
contested  separately  by  the  defendant 
union,  by  the  company,  and  by 
the  Labour  Relations  Board.  Mr.  Justice 
Bissonnette  dealt  only  with  the  submis- 
sions of  the  Board,  which  argued  that  if 
the  injunction  were  issued  it  would  really 
be  an  injunction  against  the  Board  to 
prevent  it  from  exercising  its  lawful  func- 
tions. The  court  would  then  be  exercising 
the  powers  which  the  law  confers  exclu- 
sively on  the  Board.  The  Board  also 
maintained  that  there  was  no  law  which 
authorized  the  issuing  of  an  injunction  in 
these  circumstances. 

The  Superior  Court  had  accepted  this 
view,  ruling  that  the  Board  had  exclusive 
powers  with  respect  to  the  certification  of 
unions.  It  stated  that  the  Labour  Rela- 
tions Act  prohibited  the  issuing  of  a  writ 
of  injunction  against  the  Board  in  respect 
of  any  act  relating  to  the  exercise  of  its 
functions.  To  grant  the  injunction 
demanded  by  the  union  would  be  only  an 
indirect  method  of  preventing  the  Board 
from  dealing  with  a  union's  application  for 


1338 


certification.  The  Labour  Relations  Act 
would  lose  its  effect  if  an  interested  party- 
could  by  such  a  method  prevent  the  Board 
from  taking  into  consideration  matters 
within  its  jurisdiction. 

Mr.  Justice  Bissonnette  agreed  that  the 
union's  action  in  bringing  an  application 
for'  an  injunction  against  the  rival  union 
was  merely  an  indirect  method  of  preventing 
the  Labour  Relations  Board  from  dealing 
with  an  application  for  certification. 
Therefore  the  first  question  for  the  Court 
to  consider  was  whether  the  Board  did 
have  exclusive  jurisdiction  to  determine 
which  of  the  two  unions  should  be  recog- 
nized as  bargaining  agent.  The  Labour 
Relations  Act  gave  the  Board  exclusive 
power  to  determine  whether  a  union  had 
the  right  to  certification  and  what  group 
of  employees  constituted  the  bargaining 
unit,  to  verify  the  representative  character 
of  the  union  by  making  the  necessary 
inquiries,  and  to  issue,  refuse,  revise  or 
revoke  certificates  of  recognition.  The 
whole  purpose  of  the  Act  was  that  only 
the  Board  should  exercise  such  powers. 
Accordingly  he  had  no  hesitation  in 
answering  the  first  question  in  the 
affirmative. 

The  second  question  was  whether  under 
the  circumstances  of  the  case  the  Court 
should  prevent  the  Board  from  exercising 
the  powers  given  it  by  the  Act.  The 
Labour  Relations  Act  makes  the  Board 
immune  from  prerogative  writs  and  from 
the  supervision  of  the  courts.  Unless  it 
is  evident  that  the  Board  is  about  to  exceed 
or  has  exceeded  its  jurisdiction,  it  must  not 
be  interfered  with  in  the  exercise  of  its 
functions.  His  Lordship  considered  that 
the  IBEW  had  the  right  to  present  its 
demand  to  the  Board  and  that  the  Board 
had  power  to  hear  and  determine  the 
application.  The  other  union  had  no  right 
to  seek  to  prevent  the  Board  from  exer- 
cising its  lawful  powers. 

Mr.  Justice  Bissonnette  emphasized  that 
the  only  action  the  United  Electrical 
Workers  could  take  was  to  plead  their  case 
before  the  Labour  Relations  Board. 

Since  the  Board  did  have  jurisdiction  to 
consider  the  application  for  certification, 
the  question  of  whether  the  Board  was 
subject  to  judicial  control  if  it  exceeded  its 
jurisdiction  did  not  arise. 

The  five  judges  hearing  the  case  con- 
curred in  dismissing  the  appeal.  Walker  et 
Autres  v.  International  Brotherhood  of 
Electrical  Workers  Local  568  et  RCA  Victor 
Company  Limited  and  Commission  des 
Relations  Ouvrieres  de  Quebec,  [1953] 
Rapports   Judiciaires   BR    Montreal   441. 


Saskatchewan  Court  of  Queen's  Bench  .  .  . 

.  .  .  holds   labour  relations   board   had   jurisdiction 
to  certify   union  joint   board   as   bargaining    agent 

The  Saskatchewan  Court  of  Queen's 
Bench  on  June  23  dismissed  the  applica- 
tion of  the  F.  W.  Woolworth  Company  for 
a  court  order  to  quash  the  order  of  the 
Labour  Relations  Board  certifying  a  bar- 
gaining agent  for  the  company's  employees 
in  Weyburn,  Sask. 

Mr.  Justice  Graham  gave  the  facts  of 
the  case.  On  January  13,  1953,  the 
Saskatchewan  Labour  Relations  Board 
granted  certification  to  the  Saskatchewan 
Joint  Board,  Retail,  Wholesale  and 
Department  Store  Union  (CIO),  as  bar- 
gaining agent  for  the  employees  of  the 
Woolworth  store  at  Weyburn  except  the 
manager  and  assistant  manager.  The 
company  applied  to  quash  the  certification 
order  by  a  writ  of  certiorari,  claiming 
that  the  Board  had  no  jurisdiction  to 
certify  this  organization  since  it  was  not 
a  trade  union  within  the  meaning  of  the 
Saskatchewan  Trade  Union  Act. 

To  determine  whether  or  not  the 
respondent  was  a  trade  union  within  the 
meaning  of  the  Act,  Mr.  Justice  Graham 
referred  to  the  definitions  of  "labour 
organization"  and  "trade  union"  contained 
in  Section  2: — 

(8)  "labour  organization"  means  any 
organization  of  employees,  not  necessarily 
employees  of  one  employer,  which  has 
bargaining  collectively  among  its  purposes. 

(10)  "trade  union"  means  a  labour  organ- 
ization which  is  not  a  company  dominated 
organization. 

He    also    quoted    Section    3    of    the    Act, 
which  reads: — 

Employees  shall  have  the  right  to  organize 
in  and  to  form,  join  or  assist  trade  unions 
and  to  bargain  collectively  through  repre- 
sentatives of  their  own  choosing,  and  the 
representatives  designated  or  selected  for  the 
purpose  of  bargaining  collectively  by  the 
majority  of  employees  in  a  unit  appropriate 
for  such  purpose  shall  be  the  exclusive 
representatives  of  all  employees  in  such  unit 
for  the  purpose  of  bargaining  collectively. 

He  then  reviewed  the  provisions  of  the 
constitution  of  the  Retail,  Wholesale  and 
Department  Store  Union  which  refer  to 
joint  boards.  The  constitution  declares 
that  a  joint  board  consists  of  delegates 
elected  by  each  affiliated  local  union  as 
provided  by  the  by-laws  of  the  joint  board. 
The  international  executive  board  of  the 
union  may  define  the  jurisdiction  of  joint 
boards  and  issue  charters  to  them.  The 
function  of  joint  boards  is  to  organize, 
co-ordinate  and  supervise  the  activities  of 
their  affiliated  unions.  Subject  to  the 
approval    of    the    international    executive 


1339 


board,  each  joint  board  may  adopt  by-laws 
which  conform  with  the  provisions  of  the 
international  constitution.  Section  2  of 
Article  14  provides  that  the  right  to  bargain 
collectively  for  the  membership  of  a  local 
union  lies  with  the  executive  board  of  the 
local  or  officers  designated  by  it  and  with 
the  joint  board  where  one  exists. 

He  noted  also  that  collective  bargaining 
was  one  of  the  objectives  set  out  in  the 
constitution  of  the  Saskatchewan  Joint 
Board.  He  quoted  the  following  clauses 
from  its  declaration  of  aims: — 

To  co-operate  with  other  labour  unions 
or  organizations  to  secure  the  rights  of 
labour  and  to  work  for  the  establishment  of 
legislation  for  the  benefit  of  all  who  labour. 

To  negotiate  a  collective  bargaining  agree- 
ment for  or  on  behalf  of  any  Local  making 
that  request  to  the  Joint  Board. 

The  company  submitted  that  there  was 
no  proof  before  the  Labour  Relations  Board 
that  any  local  union  had  requested  the 
joint  board  to  negotiate  a  collective  agree- 
ment for  it.  Mr.  Justice  Graham  considered 
that  if  no  such  request  had  been  made  it 
might  give  rise  to  the  authority  of  the 
joint  board  being  questioned  within  the 
union  itself  but  would  not  affect  the  Labour 
Relations  Board  in  the  exercise  of  the 
power  conferred  on  it  by  the  Act  to  deal 
with  applications  for  certification. 

After  examining  the  constitutions  of  the 
union  and  the  joint  board,  His  Lordship 
was  satisfied  that  each  was  a  labour  organ- 
ization which  had  collective  bargaining 
among  its  purposes.  He  considered  that, 
whether  or  not  the  joint  board  received 
a  request  to  bargain  on  behalf  of  a  local, 
collective  bargaining  was  one  of  the  pur- 
poses embraced  in  the  declaration  of  its 
aims. 

He  considered  also  that  while  the  joint 
board  consisted  of  delegates  elected  from 
each  affiliated  local  union  the  delegates 
remained  "employees"  and  the  board  was 
an  "organization  of  employees"  within  the 
definition  of  a  labour  organization  set  out 
in  the  Act. 

Mr.  Justice  Graham  held  therefore  that 
the  joint  board  was  a  trade  union  within 
the  meaning  of  the  Act. 

The  company  had  questioned  before  the 
Court  the  validity  of  the  evidence  sub- 
mitted by  the  union  to  the  Labour  Rela- 
tions Board  of  the  number  of  employees 
who  were  union  members.  Cards  purport- 
ing to  be  signed  by  12  of  the  17  employees 
in  the  unit  were  accepted  b}'  the  Board 
without  proof  of  the  signatures.  His  Lord- 
ship stated  that  a  dishonest  person  could 
easily  attach  false  signatures  to  the  cards. 
While   he   did   not   suggest    that    this   had 


been  done  in  this  case,  he  gave  his  opinion 
that  the  Board  should  insist  that  the 
signatures  on  the  membership  cards  on 
which  its  judicial  decision  depends  should 
be  authenticated  in  some  manner.  He 
mentioned  that  such  cards  would  not  be 
accepted  as  evidence  in  a  court  of  law 
and  stated  that  this  rule  of  evidence 
was  a  good  one  since  its  non-observance 
could  lead  to  many  abuses. 

However,  although  the  company  had  indi- 
cated to  the  Board  that  it  would  prefer 
to  have  a  representation  vote  taken  among 
the  employees,  it  had  made  no  positive 
attempt  to  show  that  the  cards  were  not 
properly  signed.  His  Lordship  had  in  mind 
also  that  Section  14  of  the  Act  permits  the 
Labour  Relations  Board  to  accept  evidence 
"as  in  its  discretion  it  may  deem  fit  and 
proper  whether  admissible  as  evidence  in 
a  court  of  law  or  not".  He  held  therefore 
that  there  was  some  evidence  before  the 
Board  on  which  to  base  the  exercise  of  its 
powers  of  a  judicial  nature  and  that  it 
had  not  exceeded  its  jurisdiction. 

The  application  for  certiorari  was  dis- 
missed. F.  W.  Woolworth  Company 
Limited  v.  Saskatchewan  Joint  Board, 
Retail,  Wholesale  and  Department  Store 
Union,  [1953]  9  WWR  (NS)  208. 

Quebec  Superior  Court  .  .  . 

.  .  .  finds  Quebec  Collective  Agreement  Act  doesn't 
authorize   a    parity   committee   to  sue  for  damages 

The  Quebec  Superior  Court,  at  Montreal 
on  November  14,  1952,  dismissed  an  action 
brought  by  a  parity  committee  against  a 
clothing  manufacturer  for  damages  and  an 
injunction  to  prohibit  the  company  from 
refusing  to  allow  the  committee's  inspectors 
to  proceed  with  their  work,  and  also  three 
incidental  demands  for  wages  due  to  the 
company's  employees.  The  Court  dismissed 
the  action  in  damages  on  the  ground  that 
the  Quebec  Collective  Agreement  Act 
entitles  a  parity  committee  to  bring  action 
on  behalf  of  employees  for  the  recovery  of 
wages  but  not  to  bring  an  action  for 
damages  on  their  behalf.  The  incidental 
demands  were  dismissed  because  they  were 
irregularly  formed.  Even  if  the  action  had 
been  properly  brought,  the  amount  claimed 
was  a  mere  estimate,  far  too  indefinite 
for  the  Court  to  accept. 

The  judgment  was  given  by  Mr.  Justice 
Montpetit.  He  stated  that  the  plaintiff, 
the  Joint  Committee  of  the  Men's  and 
Boys'  Clothing  Industry  for  the  Province 
of  Quebec,  claimed  a  sum  of  $7,212.50  in 
damages  from  the  defendant,  Dolly  Dimple 
Incorporated,  and  sought  an  injunction  to 
enjoin     the     company     from     refusing     to 


1340 


permit  the  committee's  inspectors  to  pro- 
ceed with  their  work,  which  is  authorized 
by  the  Quebec  Collective  Agreement  Act. 
In  its  claim,  the  committee  alleged:  "That 
as  a  result  of  being  unable  to  file  claims 
on  behalf  of  the  employees  of  defendant, 
plaintiff  has  suffered  damages  in  the  amount 
of  $7,012.50,  being  the  amounts  due  the 
employees  of  defendant . . ."  It  claimed  an 
additional  sum  of  $200  as  damages  caused 
by  the  actions  of  the  company  in  refusing 
access  to  the  committee's  inspectors,  for 
the  inspectors'  expenses  and  wages  during 
that  time.  The  injunction  sought  was  to 
order  the  company  to  permit  the  com- 
mittee's inspectors  "to  examine  the  regis- 
tration system  ...  of  an  employer  .  .  .  and 
to  verify  from  the  employees  the  rate  of 
wage,  duration  of  work,  apprenticeship 
system  and  observance  deemed  necessary 
as  detailed  in  the  Collective  Agreement 
Act". 

The  first  question  considered  by  the  Court 
was  whether  the  plaintiff  was  entitled  to 
claim  damages  under  the  Act.  The  first 
paragraph  of  Section  20  of  the  Act  states 
that  a  parity  committee  has  all  the  rights, 
powers  and  privileges  of  an  ordinary  civil 
corporation  which  would  include  the  power 
to  claim  damages  in  certain  cases.  For 
instance,  a  parity  committee  could  sue  for 
damages  following  the  violation  of  con- 
tractual obligations  by  a  co-contracting 
party  or  under  Section  1053  or  1054  of  the 
Civil  Code  (which  make  causing  damage  to 
persons  or  property  an  offence).  In  the 
present  case,  however,  the  damages  claimed 
were  not  personal.  Except  for  the  $200 
claim,  the  damages  arose  ©nly  from  the 
fact  that  the  company's  employees  were 
deprived  of  the  wages  to  which  they  were 
entitled  under  the  Act. 

The  committee  claimed  that  it  could 
bring  its  action  for  damages  under  Section 
20(a)  of  the  Act,  which  provides  that  a 
parity  committee  may: — 
exercise  all  recourses  arising  out  of  the 
decree  in  favour  of  employees  who  have  not 
caused  a  suit  to  be  served  within  a  period 
of  15  days  from  the  due  date,  and  may  do 
so,  notwithstanding  any  law  to  the  contrary, 
any  opposition,  or  any  express  or  implied 
renunciation  by  the  employee,  and  without 
being  obliged  to  establish  an  assignment  of 
claim  by  the  interested  party,  to  put  him  in 
default,  to  inform  him  of  the  suit,  or  to 
allege  and  prove  the  absence  of  suit  within 
such  delay  of  15  days  or  to  produce  the 
certificate  of  competency. 

His  Lordship  stated  that  this  power  must 
be  construed  strictly  because  it  is  an 
exception  to  the  rule  in  the  Code  of  Civil 
Procedure  that  "a  person  cannot  use  the 
name  of  another  to  plead".  Was  the  type 
of  recourse  the  plaintiff  sought  to  exercise 


authorized  by  the  Act  or  the  decree?  The 
decree  specified  the  wages  and  cost-of- 
living  bonus  to  be  paid  to  each  category  of 
employee.  Section  12  of  the  Act  states  that 
an  employee  who  does  not  receive  the 
proper  wages  "is  entitled  to  recover  the 
wage  fixed  by  the  decree".  Neither  the 
Act  nor  the  decree,  however,  authorizes  an 
employee  to  bring  an  action  in  damages. 
A  parity  committee,  therefore,  under  Sec- 
tion 20(a)  of  the  Act  may  recover  wages 
on  behalf  of  an  employee  but  may  not 
bring  an  action  in  damages,  since  the 
employee  himself  does  not  have  that  right 
under  the  Act.  Assuming  for  the  purpose 
of  discussion  that  the  employees  did  have 
a  common  law  right  to  claim  damages,  the 
parity  committee  could  not  exercise  that 
right  on  their  behalf  since  it  did  not  arise 
out  of  the  Act  or  the  decree.  The  Court 
held  therefore  that  the  committee  could 
not  legally  bring  the  action  in  damages. 

Mr.  Justice  Montpetit  then  dealt  with 
the  plaintiff's  three  incidental  demands 
claiming  a  total  sum  of  $22,924.64  from  the 
company  as  the  difference  between  the 
wages  required  under  the  decree  and  the 
actual  wages  paid  to  employees  of  the 
company  between  September  15,  1950,  and 
February  26,  1952.  The  Court  held  that 
these  demands  were  irregularly  formed 
because  they  had  no  legal  connection  with 
the  principal  action.  The  rights  in  damages 
claimed  by  the  committee  in  its  principal 
action  were  quite  distinct  from  rights 
based  on  a  difference  in  wages.  For  this 
reason  the  demands  must  be  dismissed. 

His  Lordship  stated  that,  even  if  the 
principal  action  and  the  incidental  demands 
had  been  legally  formed,  he  would  still  have 
had  to  dismiss  them  because  the  plaintiff 
was  not  able  to  establish  accurately  the 
difference  in  wages  and  cost-of-living  bonus 
to  which  it  claimed  the  company's  employees 
were  entitled.  It  was  evident  that  only  a 
rather  small  portion  of  the  defendant's 
production  came  under  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  decree.  Yet  the  statement  of  the 
amounts  due  did  not  show  how  many  of 
the  company's  employees  were  engaged  at 
work  coming  under  the  decree  for  the 
whole  or  part  of  the  period  specified.  It 
was  therefore  impossible  for  the  Court  to 
establish  the  amount  due.  The  committee's 
own  witnesses  admitted  that  the  amount 
claimed  in  the  principal  action  was  a  mere 
estimate. 

The  Code  of  Civil  Procedure  provides 
that   the   losing   party  must   pay   all   court 


1341 


costs  unless  the  Court  orders  otherwise. 
Giving  reasons  for  his  decision  not  to  award 
costs  in  favour  of  the  defendant,  Mr. 
Justice  Montpetit  stated  that  the  company 
had  "showed  a  complete  disrespect  for  the 
laws  of  this  province".  The  president  of 
the  company  admitted  that  a  certain 
number  of  its  employees  did  come  within 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  decree,  yet  the  com- 
pany had  used  every  possible  method  to 
prevent  the  inspectors  of  the  parity  com- 
mittee from  carrying  on  the  work  they 
were  required  to  do  and  so  had  deprived 


a  group  of  employees  of  the  minimum 
wages  to  which  they  were  entitled.  In  His 
Lordship's  words: — 

The  Court  has  no  sympathy  whatsoever  for 
defendant  and  feels  it  is  its  duty  to  say  so. 
If  there  had  been  in  the  present  action  the 
slightest  possibility  in  law  to  condemn 
defendant  to  reimburse  to  all  its  employees 
concerned  the  difference  in  wages  and  the 
bonus  they  had  a  right  to,  the  Court  would 
have  ordered  so  without  hesitation. 

The  Court  dismissed  the  action  without 
costs.  The  Joint  Committee  of  the  Men's 
and  Boys'  Clothing  Industry  for  the  Prov- 
ince of  Quebec  v.  Dolly  Dimple  Inc.,  [1953] 
CS  Montreal,  Nos.  5  and  6,  193. 


Recent  Regulations,  Federal  and  Provincial 


New  rules  of  procedure  are  issued  for  Manitoba  Labour  Board.  C.S.A. 
Safety  Code  for  passenger  and  freight  elevators  adopted  in  Quebec, 
revised  liquefied  petroleum  gas  regulations  issued  in  Saskatchewan 
and  boiler  and  pressure  vessel  regulations  amended  in  Newfoundland 


New  or  revised  safety  regulations  have 
been   issued  in  three  provinces. 

The  CSA  safety  code  for  passenger  and 
freight  elevators  was  adopted  in  Quebec. 
Revised  regulations  for  the  safe  handling 
of  liquefied  petroleum  gas  equipment  were 
made  in  Saskatchewan.  Newfoundland  has 
amended  the  regulations  under  the  Boiler 
and  Pressure  Vessel  Act  to  permit  the 
operation  of  plants  other  than  steam  plants 
by  persons  whose  qualifications  are  not 
sufficiently  high  to  permit  them  to  obtain 
an  engineer's  certificate. 

The  first  minimum  wage  order  covering 
machinists  was  issued  in  British  Columbia 
fixing  a  minimum  of  $1.25  an  hour.  Hotels 
and  restaurants  were  brought  under  the 
British  Columbia  Semi-monthly  Payment 
of    Wages    Act. 

Extensive  rules  were  issued  for  the  prac- 
tice and  procedure  of  the  Manitoba  Labour 
Board.  Provisions  for  the  submission  to 
arbitration  of  disputes  between  employers 
and  unions  were  added  to  the  regulations 
under  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Trade 
Union  Act. 

The  trade  of  welding  was  designated 
under  the  Alberta  Apprenticeship  Act  and 
the  apprenticeship  regulations  of  Manitoba 
were  amended  to  lay  down  the  procedure 
for  the  conduct  of  trade  tests  and  final 
examinations  which  an  apprentice  must 
take. 


FEDERAL 

Canada  Shipping  Act 

Certification  of  Ships'  Cooks 

The  Certification  of  Ships'  Cooks  Regu- 
lations under  the  Canada  Shipping  Act 
(L.G.  1951,  p.  1001)  were  reissued  without 
change  by  P.C.  1953-775  of  May  13  and 
gazetted,  for  the  first  time,  on  May  27. 

The  new  regulations  set  January  1,  1954, 
as  the  date  on  and  after  which  persons 
engaged  in  Canada  as  ships'  cooks  must 
hold  certificates  of  qualification.  The  Minis- 
ter of  Transport  may  grant  exemptions 
from  this  rule  if  there  is  a  shortage  of 
certified  ships'  cooks. 

Pilotage   By-laws 

The  pilotage  by-laws  established  in  1952 
for  the  St.  Lawrence  -  Kingston  -  Ottawa 
Pilotage  District  (L.G.,  Sept.  1952,  p.  1231) 
were  amended  to  increase  pilotage  dues 
from  January  1,  1954.  The  amendment  was 
approved  by  P.C.  1953-950  on  June  12  and 
gazetted  June  24. 

The  surcharge  on  pilotage  dues  was 
raised  from  7£  to  10  per  cent  in  the  Halifax 
Pilotage  District  and  a  new  section  was 
added  providing  that  a  pilot  who  is 
detained  on  board  ship  for  security  reasons 
must  be  paid  at  the  rate  $2  an  hour  but 
not  more  than  $24  a  day.  The  amendments 
to  By-law  3  were  approved  by  P.C.  1953- 
680  on  April  30  and  gazetted  May  13. 


1342 


An  amendment  to  By-law  2  of  the  New 
Westminster  Pilotage  District  raised  the 
pilotage  dues  for  any  vessel  in  tow  of 
another  and  for  any  steam  or  motor  vessel. 
The  amendment  was  approved  by  P.C. 
1953-641  on  April  23  and  gazetted  May  13. 

Amendments  to  the  by-laws  of  the 
Montreal  Pilotage  District  were  made  with 
respect  to  pension  fund  contributions.  As 
in  certain  other  pilotage  districts,  not  less 
than  10  per  cent  of  the  gross  pilotage  dues 
received  each  year  must  be  set  aside  for 
the  pension  fund.  The  actual  percentage  is 
to  be  determined  by  the  Pilotage  Authority 
after  consulting  the  Pilots'  Committee.  If, 
however,  contributions  to  the  fund  in  any 
fiscal  year  average  less  than  $900  per  pilot, 
an  actuarial  investigation  may  be  made  to 
determine  what  additional  contribution 
may  be  necessary  to  provide  for  future 
benefits.  The  amendments  were  approved 
by  P.C.  1953-773  on  May  13  and  gazetted 
May  27. 

Pilots'  Pensions 

New  Pilots'  Pension  Fund  Regulations 
for  the  Montreal  Pilotage  District,  govern- 
ing the  payment  of  a  pension  to  retired 
licensed  pilots  or  to  their  widows  and 
children,  raise  the  retirement  benefits  pay- 
able to  a  presently-active  pilot  from  a  flat 
$1,000  a  year  to  a  pm  rata  amount  with 
a  minimum  of  $1,250,  increased  by  $70  for 
each  year  of  service  subsequent  to  March 
31,  1953,  up  to  a  maximum  of  $2,100. 

For  any  pilot  who  becomes  licensed  after 
May  13,  1953,  the  effective  date  of  the 
new  regulations,  the  minimum  pension  will 
be  $1,000  a  year  or  $70  for  each  year  of 
service,  whichever  is  greater,  subject  to  a 
maximum   of  $2,100. 

Apprentice  pilots  holding  temporary 
licences  as  pilots  who  retire  from  the 
service  before  receiving  a  full  pilot's  licence 
will  be  entitled  only  to  the  return  of  their 
interest  in  the  pension  fund. 

As  before,  any  application  to  be  placed 
on  the  pension  list  must  be  made  to  the 
Montreal  Pilotage  Authority.  The  Pilots' 
Committee  must  be  consulted  before  an 
application  is  granted  or  rejected.  Ordin- 
arily, a  pension  is  payable  after  the  age 
of  65  years  but  a  pilot  who  is  forced  to 
retire  at  an  earlier  age  because  of  physical 
or  mental  disability  or  as  the  result  of  a 
shipping  casualty  may  apply  for  a  pension. 
A  pilot  retired  through  misconduct  will 
receive  only  his  interest  in  the  pension 
fund. 

Future  pensioners  will  receive  their  pen- 
sions monthly  instead  of  quarterly.  On  the 
death  of  a  retired  pilot,  his  estate  will' be 


paid  the  pension  for  the  full  month  in 
which  his  death  '  occurs.  Widows'  and 
orphans'  pensions  will  begin  on  the  first  day 
of  the  following  month. 

As  before,  a  widow  will  receive,  until 
death  or  remarriage,  half  of  what  would 
have  been  payable  to  her  husband  unless 
he  married  after  being  placed  on  the  pen- 
sion list.  Where  orphans  are  the  only 
dependants,  they  must  be  paid,  in  equal 
shares,  the  pension  payable  to  a  widow 
but  no  one  child  may  receive  more  than 
half  the  pension  to  which  a  widow  would 
be  entitled.  Pensions  to  orphans,  whether 
boys  or  girls,  will  be  paid  until  they  reach 
the  age  of  18  years.  Under  the  earlier 
regulations,  an  orphan  boy's  pension  was 
payable  only  to  the  age  of  16. 

The  new  regulations  were  approved  by 
P.C.  1953-774  on  May  13  and  gazetted 
May  27. 

PROVINCIAL 

Alberta  Apprenticeship  Act 

Welding  has  been  designated  as  a  trade 
to  which  the  provisions  of  the  Apprentice- 
ship Act  apply.  The  designation  was  made 
on  April  27  by  O.C.  600-53,  gazetted  May 
15. 

Alberta  Public  Service  Act 

The  administration  of  the  Boilers  Act 
was  transferred  from  the  Department  of 
Public  Works  to  the  Department  of  Indus- 
tries and  Labour  by  O.C.  435-53,  made  on 
March  31  and  gazetted  April  15. 

British  Columbia  Hospital  Insurance  Act 

An  amendment  to  the  British  Columbia 
Hospital  Insurance  Regulations  sets  out 
the  conditions  which  must  be  met  before  a 
qualified  person  is  entitled  to  benefits  under 
the  Act  and  provides  that  the  length  of 
time  for  which  benefits  may  be  paid  is  to 
be  determined  by  the  Hospital  m  Insurance 
Commissioner. 

Formerly,  a  qualified  person  other  than 
an  emergency  or  minor  surgery  case  could 
obtain  benefits  if  he  had  been  admitted  to 
hospital  as  an  in-patient  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  hospital  administrator, 
superintendent  or  a  qualified  physician.  The 
regulations  now  provide  that  the  recom- 
mendation must  come  from  a  practitioner 
who  is  a  member  of  the  hospital  staff  and, 
in  addition,  a  case-history  and  a  complete 
diagnosis  of  the  patient's  physical  condi- 
tion must  be  available  to  the  hospital  and 
the  Commissioner  within  a  reasonable  time. 

In  order  to  decide  the  period  of  time 
during  which  treatment  or  services  are 
required,  the  Commissioner  may  from  time 


1343 


to  time  obtain  written  statements  from 
the  attending  physician  with  respect  to  the 
patient's  condition  and  need  for  services. 

The  list  of  hospitals  required  to  provide 
services  under  the  Act  was  amended  to 
include  the  Community  Hospital  in  Pouce 
Coupe  and  nine  Red  Cross  Outpost  Nur- 
sing  Stations. 

The  amending  regulation  was  issued  June 
13  and  gazetted  June  25. 

British  Columbia  Male  Minimum  Wage  Act 

Machinists 

The  Board  of  Industrial  Relations  has 
established  a  minimum  wage  for  the 
machinist  trade,  including  machinist-fitters, 
tool  makers  and  die  makers,  by  Order  21 
made  on  July  9  and  gazetted  July  16.  The 
new  order,  effective  from  August  24, 
requires  employees  in  the  trade  to  be  paid 
$1.25  an  hour. 

Excluded  from  the  order  are  workers 
who  are  permanently  employed  on  main- 
tenance work  in  industrial  establishments 
or  in  public  or  private  buildings  and  per- 
sons employed  in  the  production-line  or 
assembly-line  manufacture  of  metal  pro- 
ducts for  resale.  The  minimum  of  $1.25  an 
hour  is  set  for  all  workers  covered  by  the 
order,  except  handicapped  and  part-time 
workers  for  whom  permits  have  been  issued 
by  the  Board  authorizing  the  payment  of 
a  lesser  wage  than  the  minimum. 

For  all  time  worked  after  eight  hours  in 
a  day,  or  after  44  hours  in  a  week  where 
the  daily  hours  do  not  exceed  eight,  time 
and  one-half  the  worker's  regular  rate  must 
be  paid.  Permits  from  the  Board  are 
required  for  the  working  of  overtime 
except  overtime  performed  during  an 
emergency  to  prevent  serious  loss  to,  or 
interruption  in  the  operation  of,  the  indus- 
trial undertaking.  Where  other  hours 
limits  have  been  approved  by  the  Board, 
the  overtime  requirement  does  not  apply 
until  the  employee  has  completed  the  hours 
so  established.  The  Board  may  vary  the 
overtime  provision  in  the  case  of  industrial 
undertakings  exempted  in  whole  or  in  part 
from  the  Hours  of  Work  Act  or  subject 
to  special  regulations  under  that  Act. 

A  worker  who  is  called  to  work  by  the 
employer  must  be  paid  not  less  in  any  one 
day  than  an  amount  equal  to  two  hours' 
pay  at  his  regular  rate  if  called  to  work 
and  not  put  to  work,  nor  less  than  four 
hours'  pay  if  put  to  work. 

The  usual  provisions  regarding  semi- 
monthly payment  of  wages,  posting  of 
orders  and  keeping  of  records  are  included 
in  the  new  order. 


British  Columbia  Semi-monthly 
Payment  of  Wages  Act 

The  hotel  and  catering  industry  in 
British  Columbia  has  been  declared  an 
industry  to  which  the  Semi-monthly  Pay- 
ment of  Wages  Act  applies,  that  is,  em- 
ployees must  be  paid  at  least  as  often  as 
semi-monthly  all  wages  which  they  have 
earned  up  to  a  day  not  more  than  eight 
days  before  the  date  of  payment. 

As  denned,  the  industry  includes  any 
place  where  a  charge  is  made  for  lodging 
furnished  or  for  food  served.  Besides 
hotels  and  restaurants,  this  covers  such 
places  as  hospitals,  sanatoria,  clubs,  dining 
rooms,  and  kitchens  in  schools  or  in  indus- 
trial or  commercial  establishments  or  office 
buildings. 

Other  industries  to  which  the  Act  applies 
are  mining,  manufacturing,  logging,  con- 
struction and  fishing. 

The  regulation  adding  the  hotel  and 
catering  industry  to  the  Schedule  to  the 
Act  was  made  on  May  15  and  gazetted 
May  21. 

Manitoba  Apprenticeship  Act 

Amendments  to  the  general  regulations 
under  the  Manitoba  Apprenticeship  Act 
reduce  the  number  of  hours  of  employment 
and  training  which  an  apprentice  must 
complete  each  year  from  2,000  to  1,800  and 
lay  down  the  procedure  for  the  conduct  of 
the  trade  tests  and  final  trade  examinations 
which  an  apprentice  is  required  to  take. 
The  changes  were  contained  in  Manitoba 
Regulation  16/53,  filed  May  25  and 
gazetted  May  30. 

As  amended,  the  regulations  require  that 
an  apprenticeship  agreement  must  contain 
the  provision  that,  if  within  any  consecu- 
tive 12  months  of  the  apprenticeship  period 
the  employer  fails  to  provide  the  appren- 
tice with  at  least  1,800  hours  of  employ- 
ment, including  any  time  spent  at  day 
classes,  the  apprentice  must  complete  the 
full  1,800  hours  before  being  advanced  to 
the  next  12  months  of  the  apprenticeship 
period. 

The  regulations  previously  contained 
only  the  general  requirements  that  the 
Provincial  Apprenticeship  Board  should 
arrange  for  the  trade  tests  and  final  trade 
examinations  to  be  given  to  apprentices 
by  the  Department  of  Education.  It  is  now 
provided  that  the  Board  may,  with  the 
approval  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor  in 
Council,  appoint  a  three-member  examin- 
ing board  for  each  designated  trade.  Two 
of  its  members  are  to  be  nominated  by 
the  appropriate  Trade  Advisory  Commit- 
tee, one  to  represent  the  viewpoint  of 
employers  and  the  other  the  viewpoint  of 


1344 


employees.  The  third  member,  the  chair- 
man, is  to  be  nominated  by  the  principal 
of  the  Manitoba  Technical  Institute.  The 
Board  must  arrange  with  the  Minister  of 
Education  for  final  trade  examinations  to 
be  conducted  at  the  Manitoba  Technical 
Institute  at  not  less  than  four-month  inter- 
vals, and  at  such  other  places  and  times 
as  it  may  consider  necessary. 

As  before,  the  Director  of  Apprentice- 
ship must  issue  a  certificate,  in  a  form 
approved  by  the  Board,  to  every  appren- 
tice who  completes  the  prescribed  term  of 
apprenticeship  and  the  required  technical 
training  and  passes  the  final  examination. 
A  new  section  provides  for  the  issuing  of 
the  appropriate  certificate,  as  approved  by 
the  Board,  to  an  applicant  other  than  an 
apprentice  who  meets  the  requirements  of 
the  trade  rules. 

Manitoba  Labour  Relations  Act 

Rules  to  govern  the  practice  and  proce- 
dure of  the  Labour  Board  in  carrying  out 
its  duties  under  the  Labour  Relations  Act 
were  made  by  an  Order  in  Council  (Mani- 
toba Reg.  12/53)  filed  on  April  25  and 
gazetted  May  2. 

Part  I  of  the  regulations,  setting  out 
the  rules  of  procedure,  specifies  first  the 
information  to  be  contained  in  any  applica- 
tion. It  then  requires  certain  information 
to  be  filed  concerning  the  organization  and 
affiliation  of  a  trade  union  to  establish  that 
it  is  eligible  to  be  heard.  An  application 
may  not  be  filed  until  the  trade  union  has 
been  actually  organized  by  the  holding  of  all 
necessary  meetings,  the  adoption  of  a  con- 
stitution, the  election  of  officers  and,  where 
the  union  is  a  local  branch  of  an  inter- 
national, national  or  provincial  organization, 
until  a  charter  has  been  granted  by  the 
parent  organization.  Written  notification  to 
the  officers  of  the  local  branch  that  a  charter 
has  been  granted  and  is  forthcoming  may  be 
filed  with  the  Board  in  place  of  the  actual 
charter  but  a  certification  order  may  not  be 
issued  pending  receipt  of  the  charter. 

It  next  sets  out  the  material  to  be  con- 
tained in  an  application  for  certification  and 
the  procedure  to  be  followed  by  the  Board 
and  the  interested  parties  after  the  Board 
has  received  an  application. 

Part  I  also  deals  with  applications  request- 
ing the  Board  to  establish  a  procedure  for 
settlement  of  disputes  concerning  the  inter- 
pretation, application  or  violation  of  a  col- 
lective agreement;  applications  for  consent 
to  prosecute  for  violation  of  an  agreement, 
and  applications  for  consent  to  prosecute  for 
other  violations  of  the  Act.  Under  the  regu- 
lations an  application  for  review,  variation 


or  revocation  of  an  order  may  not  be  made 
except  on  the  basis  of  new  evidence  and 
such  an  application  must  contain  a  state- 
ment of  the  new  evidence  "with  statutory 
declarations  made  by  persons  able  to  speak 
at  first  hand  of  the  facts  declared  by  them" 
and  must  explain  why  the  evidence  was  not 
available  at  the  original  hearing. 

Procedure  to  be  followed  in  dealing  with 
these  applications  is  then  set  out.  In  every 
case  the  Registrar  is  required  to  serve  notice 
of  an  application  upon  the  party  against 
whom  relief  is  sought.  The  Board  may  refer 
any  matter  to  an  examiner  for  investigation 
and  report.  The  Registrar  must  send  the 
report  to  the  parties  concerned  and  they 
have  seven  days  to  file  objections;  if  objec- 
tions are  filed  a  hearing  must  be  held. 

Part  II  contains  the  general  rules  of 
Board  practice  and  includes  a  definition  of 
employer  unit,  craft  unit,  technical  unit, 
plant  unit,  member  in  good  standing,  and 
"affected  employee".  It  sets  out  the  prin- 
ciples the  Board  will  follow  in  determining 
when  a  certification  vote  will  be  held,  the 
procedure  for  bringing  evidence  before  the 
Board,  and  requirements  with  respect  to  the 
time  for  filing  a  new  petition. 

To  be  a  member  in  good  standing  of  a 
trade  union  a  person  must,  at  the  date  of 
filing  of  an  application  for  certification,  have 
been  a  member  of  the  union  for  at  least 
three  months,  must  not  have  been  sus- 
pended by  the  union  or  automatically 
suspended  by  the  terms  of  the  union  con- 
stitution, and  must,  on  his  own  behalf, 
have  paid  at  least  one  month's  dues  at 
the  regular  rate  within  a  defined  period 
(approximately  three  months)  preceding 
the  date  on  which  the  petition  for  certifica- 
tion was  filed  with  the  Board.  As  an  alter- 
native, the  employee  must  have  joined  the 
union  within  the  previous  three-month 
period  by  making  a  written  application  for 
membership  and  paying  the  initiation  fee 
prescribed  by  the  union  constitution  or,  if 
there  is  no  initiation  fee,  an  amount  equal 
to  one  month's  union  dues  with  a  minimum 
of  $1,  and  have  been  made  a  union  mem- 
ber in  accordance  with  the  requirements 
of  the  constitution.  In  any  case  the  person 
must  not  be  excluded  from  membership 
in  the  union  by  the  express  terms  of  the 
union   constitution. 

The  regulations  also  set  out  the  method 
of  determining  which  employee  should  be 
deemed  to  be  "affected  employees"  i.e., 
members  of  the  proposed  bargaining  unit 
when  the  Board  is  considering  an  applica- 
tion for  certification.  All  employees  who  on 
the  date  on  which  the  petition  is  filed  are 


1345 


on  the  employer's  payroll  will  be  deemed 
"affected  employees"  except  those  taken  on 
as  substitutes  for  employees  on  vacation  or 
other  leave  of  absence,  or  temporary  em- 
ployees hired  within  two  weeks  previous 
to  that  date  for  a  period  of  not  more  than 
four  weeks. 

For  the  purpose  of  determining  the  list 
of  voters  in  a  Board-directed  representa- 
tion vote,  the  Board  will  consider  as 
eligible  to  vote  all  employees  on  the  pay- 
roll of  the  employer  and  within  the  unit 
on  the  payday  immediately  preceding  the 
day  of  the  vote  who  continue  to  be  em- 
ployed up  to  and  including  the  voting  day. 
However,  the  Board  may  order  the  inclu- 
sion on  the  voters'  list  of  a  person  who  was 
on  the  payroll  on  the  pay-day  preceding 
the  day  of  the  vote  but  who  had  ceased 
to  be  employed  at  the  time  of  voting. 

Any  employees  who  work  on  a  regular 
schedule  week  by  week  regardless  of  the 
number  of  hours  worked  each  week  will 
also  be  deemed  to  be  "affected  employees". 

In  determining  whether  or  not  a  repre- 
sentation vote  should  be  held  the  Board 
will  take  into  account  any  established 
evidence  of  unfair  practice  or  undue  pres- 
sure by  an  employer  or  by  the  applying 
or  intervening  trade  union.  If  there  is 
no  such  evidence,  the  Board  will  not  order 
a  vote  if  it  finds  that  a  substantial  majority 
of  the  affected  employees  are  members  in 
good  standing;  or  that  a  majority,  even 
though  slight,  have  been  members  in  good' 
standing  for  six  months  or  more  and  the 
dues  are  currently  paid  up.  Otherwise, 
where  the  majority  is  small,  the  Board 
will  ordinarily  conduct  a  vote  on  applica- 
tion of  any  party  or  on  its  own  initiative. 

When  a  person  or  union  desires  to  bring 
evidence  before  the  Board  or  seeks  a  hear- 
ing or  Board  action,  the  rules  require  that 
he  file  any  necessary  application  together 
with  statutory  declarations  by  persons  able 
to  speak  at  first  hand  on  the  matters  in 
question.  Persons  making  such  declarations 
will  be  called  as  witnesses  at  the  Board 
hearing,  may  be  required  by  any  party 
to  the  proceedings  to  be  sworn,  and  will 
be  subject  to  examination  and  cross-exam- 
ination. Except  with  the  consent  of  the 
Board,  evidence  and  argument  will  be 
limited  to  matters  specifically  raised  in 
the  application,  replv  or  other  material 
filed. 

When  the  Board  consents  to  other 
matters  being  raised  it  may  impose  terms 
and  direct  that  other  affected  parties  must 
have  an  opportunity  to  contest  the  addi- 
tional matters  or  it  may  fix  a  new  date 
for  hearing  evidence  or  argument  on  the 
additional  matters. 


In  any  proceedings  before  it  the  Board 
must  give  an  opportunity  to  all  interested 
parties  to  present  oral  or  written  evidence 
or  make  oral  or  written  representations  on 
the  matters  at  issue  as  the  Board  deems 
advisable.  If  the  question  is  raised  whether 
any  party  is  "an  interested  party"  the 
Board  will  decide  the  matter  and  its 
decision   is   final. 

If  the  Board  refuses  an  application  for 
certification,  no  further  application  in  res- 
pect of  the  same  unit  of  employees  or  any 
unit  including  some  of  the  same  employees 
may  be  lodged  by  the  same  applicant  for 
six  months  following  the  date  of  decision 
except  with  the  Board's  permission  in  a 
case  where  it  is  of  the  opinion  that  the 
earlier  application  was  rejected  through 
a  technical  error  or  omission.  The  Board 
may  allow  a  trade  union  whose  application 
for  certification  has  been  refused  within 
the  previous  six  months  to  appear  as  inter- 
vener or  as  a  cross-applicant  in  an  applica- 
tion filed  by  another  union  which  affects 
some  or  all  of  the  same  employees. 

If,  during  the  currency  of  a  collective 
agreement,  the  Board  certifies  a  new  bar- 
gaining agent  for  the  unit  or  any  part  of 
it,  no  further  application  for  certification 
for  that  unit  may  be  filed  without  consent 
of  the  Board  until  10  months  have 
expired. 

The  forms  for  application  for  certifica- 
tion and  in  connection  with  other  pro- 
cedures set  out  in  the  Act  and  regulations 
are  prescribed  in  the  regulations. 

Manitoba  Minimum  Wage  Act 

The  section  of  the  regulations  under  the 
Manitoba  Minimum  Wage  Act  which  sets 
out  the  requirements  governing  the  method 
and  frequency  of  the  payment  of  wages 
was  revised  by  an  Order  in  Council  filed 
May  25  and  gazetted  May  30  (Manitoba 
Reg.   15/53). 

As  before,  wages  must  be  paid  within 
three  days  of  the  period  during  which  they 
were  earned,  unless  written  permission  to 
do  otherwise  has  been  granted  by  the 
Minister  of  Labour.  Previously,  the  regu- 
lations required  wages  to  be  paid  once  a 
week  unless  the  Minister  granted  permis- 
sion for  a  different  pay  period.  The  require- 
ment is  now  set  out  in  somewhat  less 
positive  terms,  giving  the  Minister  general 
supervision  over  payment  of  wages  and 
enabling  him  to  require  weekly  payment  if 
he  thinks  it  desirable.  It  is  now  stated  that 
no  employer  may  institute  a  practice  of 
paying  wages  less  frequently  than  once 
a  week,  nor  alter  an  established  practice 
so   as   to   pay  wages   less   frequently    than 


1346 


once  a  week,  without  prior  written  permis- 
sion of  the  Minister.  The  Minister  may- 
order  an  employer  who  pays  wages  less 
frequently  than  once  a  week  to  change 
this  practice. 

The  provision  that  the  Minister  may 
direct  an  employer  to  pay  wages  by  cash, 
accepted  cheque,  money  order  or  other 
method  remains  unchanged. 

Newfoundland  Boiler  and  Pressure  Vessel  Act 

Amendments  to  the  regulations  under 
the  Boiler  and  Pressure  Vessel  Act  made 
and  gazetted  on  July  7  make  provision 
for  the  issue  of  certificates  to  persons  quali- 
fied to  operate  plants  other  than  steam 
plants. 

If  a  person  is  unable  to  meet  the 
requirements  for  certification  as  any  of 
the  four  classes  of  operating  engineers,  but 
has  been  trained  in  the  operation  of  a 
refrigeration  plant,  air  or  gas  compression 
plant,  portable  air  compressor  plant,  or  an 
internal  combustion  or  electric  hoisting 
plant,  he  may  be  examined  by  the  Chief 
Inspector  for  a  certificate  authorizing  him 
to  operate  one  of  these  plants.  To  be 
eligible  for  such  a  certificate  the  candidate 
must  be  at  least  20  years  old,  have  had  a 
minimum  of  18  months'  experience  in  the 
particular  plant  for  which  he  wants  to  be 
certified  and  must  obtain  at  least  60  per 
cent  of  the  allotted  marks  in  an  examina- 
tion. The  candidate  is  required  to  pay 
the  fee  prescribed  for  the  certificate  of  an 
operating  engineer,  fourth  class. 

The  holder  of  a  refrigeration  certificate 
may  operate  a  refrigeration  plant  of  up  to 
400  h.p.  The  holder  of  a  certificate  for  the 
operation  of  an  air  or  gas  compression 
plant,  portable  air  compressor  plant  or 
hoisting  plant  may  operate  a  plant  of 
unlimited   horsepower. 

Other  amendments  were  made  with 
regard  to  the  small  plants  exempted  from 
Part  IV  of  the  regulations,  that  is,  the 
section  which  provides  for  the  certification 
of  boiler  inspectors,  operating  engineers 
and  firemen. 

As  provided  for  in  a  1953  amendment 
to  the  Act,  a  per  diem  charge  is  fixed  for 
the  inspection,  on  special  request,  of  a 
boiler,  pressure  vessel  or  plant  not  subject 
to  the  provisions  of  the  Act. 

Newfoundland  Mothers'  Allowances  Act 

The  maximum  annual  outside  income 
which  a  needy  mother  may  have  and  be 
eligible  for  a  mother's  allowance  was 
increased  by  $120  as  the  result  of  an  Order 


in  Council  made  and  gazetted  on  July  14. 
The  increase  brings  the  total  amount  of 
income  allowed,  excluding  the  allowance, 
to  $360. 

Allowances  are  payable  from  provincial 
funds  to  mothers  who  are  widowed  or  who, 
for  other  reasons,  are  without  adequate 
means  to  support  their  children.  The 
amount  of  the  allowance  is  $300  a  year  for 
a  mother  and  one  child  and  $60  a  year  for 
each  additional  child.  By  a  further  change, 
the  maximum  now  payable  is  the  allow- 
ance in  respect  of  a  mother  and  nine 
children  ($780  a  year)  instead  of  the  allow- 
ance in  respect  of  a  mother  and  six  chil- 
dren, as  before   ($600  a  year). 

Ontario  Public  Health  Act 

The  new  Plumbing  Code  made  under 
the  Ontario  Public  Health  Act  (L.G.,  Oct., 
1952,  p.  1373)  was  declared  in  force  on 
May  6,  1953,  by  O.  Reg.  52/53  on  April  16, 
gazetted  May  2. 

Prince  Edward  Island  Trade  Union  Act 

A  new  section  providing  for  the  submis- 
sion to  arbitration  of  disputes  between 
employers  and  unions  was  added  to  the 
regulations  under  the  Prince  Edward  Island 
Trade  Union  Act  (L.G.,  Feb.,  p.  292)  by  an 
Order  in  Council  of  May  7,  gazetted 
May  16. 

The  provision  states  that,  where  a  union 
has  complied  with  Section  7  of  the  Act 
by  filing  with  the  Provincial  Secretary  a 
copy  of  its  constitution,  rules  and  by-laws 
or  other  documents  containing  a  complete 
statement  of  its  purposes,  a  written  agree- 
ment to  refer  all  disputes  to  arbitration 
under  the  Arbitration  Act  will  be  deemed 
to  have  been  signed  and  made  between 
the  union  and  the  employer  of  its  members. 

Quebec  Industrial  and  Commercial 
Establishments  Act  and 
Public  Building  Safety  Act 

Regulations  have  been  made  under  the 
Industrial  and  Commercial  Establishments 
Act  and  the  Public  Building  Safety  Act 
embodying  the  provisions  of  the  Canadian 
Standards  Association  Safety  Code  for 
Passenger  and  Freight  Elevators  with  the 
exception  of  those  provisions  which  apply 
to  private  residence  elevators  (i.e.  serving 
only   one   family) . 

The  Quebec  Safety  Code,  like  the 
CSA  Code,  applies  to  the  construction, 
inspection,  maintenance  and  operation  of 
elevators,  escalators,  dumbwaiters  and 
their    hoistways,   but    not    to    belt,    bucket, 


1347 


scoop,  roller  or  similarly  inclined  or 
vertical  freight  conveyors,  tiering  or  piling 
machines,  mine  elevators,  wharf  ramps, 
stage  lifts  or  similar  equipment,  nor  to 
elevators  used  only  for  handling  building 
materials  and  mechanics  during  construc- 
tion. 

All  new  construction  and  installations 
must  conform  to  these  regulations.  A 
special  section  lays  down  requirements  with 
respect  to  power  elevators  and  power 
dumbwaiters  which  were  installed  or  for 
which  plans  were  completed  and  accepted 
before  the  regulations  came  into  force. 
Workmanship  must  be  good  in  all  installa- 
tions governed  by  the  Code,  or  approval 
will  be  withheld. 

Inspection  at  least  quarterly  is  required 
for  most  parts  of  the  equipment.  Car  safe- 
ties must  be  inspected  periodically  to 
determine  the  condition  of  the  sliding  sur- 
faces and  the  working  parts.  Tests  of 
safeties  must  be  made  at  least  once  a  year. 

Elevator  hoistways  and  pits  must  be 
kept  clean  and  the  pits  must  not  be  used 
for  storage.  Material  which  is  not  a  per- 
manent part  of  the  elevator  equipment 
must  be  kept  off  the  top  or  cover  of  an 
elevator  car.  The  carrying  of  freight  or 
passengers  on  top  of  cars  is  prohibited. 

Operators  must  be  at  least  18  years  old. 
Before  a  new  operator  is  placed  in  charge 
of  a  passenger  elevator,  he  must  have  suf- 
ficient experience  or  training  under  a  com- 
petent instructor  and  a  complete  knowledge 
of  the  instructions  to  operators  which  are 
set  out  in  the  Code. 

The  regulations  were  approved  by  O.C. 
1171  on  November  6,  1952,  and  gazetted 
April   25. 

Quebec  Minimum  Wage  Act 

Quebec  Minimum  Wage  Order  3,  which 
provides  for  one  week's  annual  vacation 
with  pay  after  a  year's  continuous  service, 
has  been  revised  with  regard  to  the  section 
which  sets  out  its  application. 

The  Order  applies  to  employees  under 
the  Minimum  Wage  Act  who  are  subject  to 
an  order  of  the  Minimum  Wage  Commis- 
sion with  the  exception,  as  before,  of  those 
covered  by  a  decree  under  the  Collective 
Agreement  Act  or  a  collective  agreement 
providing  for  an  annual  vacation  with  pay 
of  at  least  one  week;  those  under  Order 
3A  (which  provides  for  a  stamp  system  in 
the  construction  industry  in  Montreal  and 
Hull) ;  manual  workers  in  the  building 
construction  industry;  employees  of  muni- 
cipal and  school  corporations;  domestic 
servants;  farm  workers;  workers  engaged 
in  forest  operations;   salesmen;    apartment 


house  janitors;  homeworkers;  and  part- 
time  workers  who  work  not  more  than 
three  hours  in  a  day.  Caretakers  contin- 
uously supervising  an  employer's  establish- 
ment who  are  provided  with  free  lodgings 
on  the  premises  are  now  also  excepted. 

Saskatchewan  Boiler  and  Pressure  Vessel  Act 

Safe   Handling   of   Liquefied 
Petroleum  Gas 

The  regulations  under  the  Boiler  and 
Pressure  Vessel  Act  covering  the  safe 
handling  of  liquefied  petroleum  gas  were 
replaced  by  new  regulations  approved  by 
Order  in  Council  1371/53  on  June  22  and 
gazetted  July  3. 

These  regulations  cover  the  construction, 
operation  and  maintenance  of  liquefied 
petroleum  gas  distributing  plants  and  pres- 
sure vessels  used  in  connection  with  lique- 
fied petroleum  gas.  The  installation  and 
inspection  of  liquefied  petroleum  gas 
equipment  for  consumers  and  the  manu- 
facture and  sale  of  such  equipment  are 
covered  by  a  new  Act,  the  Gas  Inspection 
and  Licensing  Act,  which  was  passed  in 
1953  and  has  not  yet  been  proclaimed. 

The  regulations  require  every  distributor, 
distributor's  agent  and  any  other  person 
engaged  in  selling  or  distributing  liquefied 
petroleum  gas,  or  selling  or  installing  LP. 
gas  equipment,  to  be  licensed,  and  set  out 
standards  for  the  design,  construction, 
installation  and  operation  of  portable  cylin- 
ders, storage  and  transport  tanks  and  other 
pressure  containers,  and  filling  and  dis- 
tributing plants  used  in  connection  with 
L.P.  gas. 

The  annual  licence  required  for  each 
distributing  branch  is  renewable  on  or 
before  January  1  (formerly  July  1)  each 
year  on  payment  of  the  prescribed  fee. 

Four  types  of  licences  are  now  provided 
for.  A  Class  A  licence  authorizes  the  holder 
to  operate  a  filling  plant  or  distributing 
plant,  to  fill  portable  cylinders  or  other 
approved  pressure  containers  and  to  make 
L.P.  gas  installations.  The  holder  of  a 
Class  B  licence  may  distribute  L.P.  gas  in 
the  province  by  means  of  portable  cylin- 
ders, transport  tanks  or  by  any  other 
approved  manner  to  agents  or  persons 
other  than  consumers,  and  may  make 
installations.  A  Class  C  licence  authorizes 
the  holder  to  distribute  L.P.  gas  in  the 
province  by  means  of  portable  cylinders 
direct  to  consumers  and  to  make  installa- 
tions. The  holder  of  a  Class  D  licence  may 
engage  only  in  the  sale  of  L.P.  gas  equip- 
ment. 

In  addition  to  performing  the  work 
authorized  by  his  licence,  the  holder  of  any 


1348 


licence,  other  than  Class  D,  may  also  per- 
form the  work  of  the  holder  of  a  lower 
class  of  licence. 

Licences  are  issued  on  the  recommenda- 
tion of  the  chief  inspector,  who  decides 
which  class  of  licence  should  be  issued 
when  it  is  uncertain  which  licence  is  neces- 
sary. A  licence  may  be  withheld,  cancelled 
or  suspended  for  violation  of  the  Act  or 
regulations,  for  non-compliance  with  an 
inspector's  order  or  for  the  removal  of  an 
inspector's  seal.  Licences  must  be  produced 
on  demand  of  an  inspector  or  authorized 
officer  or  it  will  be  assumed  that  the 
person  concerned  has  no  licence.  The  fees 
for  each  class  of  licence  are  set  out  in  the 
regulations.  The  licence  fees  were  con- 
siderably increased  but  there  is  no  longer 
an  additional  fee  for  each  consumer  instal- 
lation supplied. 

Little  change  was  made  in  the  sections 
of  the  regulations  setting  out  the  require- 
ments with  respect  to  construction,  regis- 
tration and  installation  of  portable  cylin- 
ders nor  as  regards  the  general  safety 
requirements  applying  to  all  LP.  gas  equip- 
ment covered  by  the  regulations. 

The  standards  for  the  construction  and 
operation  of  distributing  plants  were  made 
more  stringent  with  respect  to  Depart- 
mental approval  of  their  design  and  loca- 
tion. Before  a  filling  or  distributing  plant 
is  constructed  or  installed,  detailed  plans 
must  be  submitted  to  the  Department  of 
Labour  for  the  approval  of  the  chief 
inspector.  The  regulations  forbid  the  filling 
or  use  of  any  storage  tank  or  pressure 
container  until  it  has  been  inspected  and  a 
certificate  has  been  issued  authorizing  its 
use.  Storage  tanks  must  be  located  at 
least  50  feet  from  the  nearest  building  or 
adjoining  property  which,  when  deemed 
necessary  by  an  inspector,  may  include 
streets,  lanes  and  other  thoroughfares.  The 
distance  may  be  reduced  to  10  feet  with 
respect  to  an  approved  bottling  house, 
pump  or  meter  house  or  other  similar 
building  especially  constructed  for  use  in 
connection  with  the  distributing  plant. 

Vehicle  tank  filling  station  outlets  must  be 
located  in  the  open,  and  pumps  and  other 
apparatus  must  be  either  in  the  open  or  in 
a  special  approved  building.  At  least  25  feet 
must  separate  a  filling  station  outlet  or 
apparatus  from  adjoining  property  or 
thoroughfare,  the  distance  from  a  storage 
tank  must  be  at  least  10  feet. 

Automatic  weight  scales  for  filling  port- 
able cylinders  so  designed  as  to  shut  off 
the  liquid  flow  to  the  cylinder  must  be 
installed  in  a  bottling  house. 


The  design  of  the  bottling  house  and 
similar  buildings  used  in  connection  with 
a  filling  or  distributing  plant  must  be 
approved  by  the  Department.  Such  build- 
ings must  be  constructed  predominantly 
of  fire-proof  material,  be  adequately  ven- 
tilated at  top  and  bottom  and  have  a 
floor  of  concrete  or  other  approved  con- 
struction which  has  no  enclosed  space 
beneath  which  gas  may  accumulate.  Only 
heating  by  indirect  means  may  be  pro- 
vided for  such  buildings.  No  flame-heated 
apparatus  capable  of  igniting  L.P.  gas  may 
be  used.  Heating  apparatus  must  be  in- 
stalled at  a  specified  distance  from  the 
building,  depending  on  the  capacity  of  the 
fuel  tank. 

Storage  tanks  and  other  pressure  con- 
tainers with  a  capacity  exceeding  1,000 
gallons  must  not  be  installed  until  the 
plans  have  been  submitted  to  the  Depart- 
ment and  the  proposed  location  approved 
by  the  chief  inspector.  Unless  authorized 
by  the  chief  inspector,  pressure  containers, 
other  than  portable  cylinders,  may  not 
be  filled  with  L.P.  gas  or  placed  in 
the  possession  of  a  consumer  unless  the 
Department  has  been  notified,  has  inspected 
the  equipment  and  has  issued  a  certificate 
authorizing  its  use.  Pressure  containers 
must  be  installed  under  the  supervision  of 
a  person  holding  the  proper  licence. 

Requirements  with  respect  to  the  distance 
of  storage  tanks  from  adjoining  property 
are  set  out  in  the  regulations. 

The  regulations  now  authorize  an  inspec- 
tor or  other  officer  to  seal  any  L.P.  gas 
plant  or  equipment  which  is  being  operated 
in  violation  of  the  licence  provisions  or  any 
other  requirements  of  the  Act  or  regula- 
tions, is  being  used  in  an  unsafe  manner  or 
is  being  used  to  supply  L.P.  gas  to  an 
unauthorized  person.  If  the  inspector  makes 
a  special  trip  to  remove  the  seals,  a  per 
diem  fee  and  his  expenses  may  be  charged 
at  the  discretion  of  the  chief  inspector. 

Saskatchewan  Health  Services  Act 

New  regulations  under  the  Saskatchewan 
Health  Services  Act  empower  the  Minister 
of  Public  Health  to  make  arrangements  for 
the  establishment  of  two  poliomyelitis 
centres,  in  hospitals  in  Regina  and  Sas- 
katoon, for  the  care  and  treatment  of 
persons  suffering  from  poliomyelitis. 

The  regulations  provide  for  the  appoint- 
ment through  the  hospital  of  a  physician 
as  medical  director  of  the  centre  and  out- 
line his  duties.  The  Minister  is  authorized 
to  pay  various  costs  in  connection  with  the 
centres  and  may,  if  necessary,  establish 
additional  centres.    He  may  also  pay  the 


1349 


hospital  for  services  to  polio  patients  who 
are  not  beneficiaries  within  the  meaning 
of  the  Saskatchewan  Hospitalization  Act 
until  they  become  beneficiaries  or,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  medical  director,  no  longer 
require  hospitalization  as  a  result  of  polio- 
myelitis. 

These  regulations  were  approved  by  O.C. 
1285/53  on  June  8  and  gazetted  June    19. 

Further  regulations  under  the  Health 
Services  Act,  approved  by  O.C.  1286/53, 
also  made  on  June  8  and  gazetted  June  19, 
provide  for  the  establishment  of  "physical 
restoration  centres"  containing  therapy 
facilities  for  persons  with  residual  physical 
disabilities  due  to  accident,  injury  or  dis- 
ease. The  services,  which  include  physio- 
therapy, occupational  therapy  and  speech 
therapy,  are  to  be  provided  without  charge 
to  the  patient.  In  planning  the  services, 
the  Minister  will  consult  officials  and 
committees  of  appropriate  institutions, 
organizations  and  professional  bodies.  He 
may  enter  into  agreement  with  any  of 
these  groups  with  the  object  of  setting  up  a 
well-integrated   program. 

Saskatchewan  Social  Aid  Act 

Mothers'    Allowances 

The  Mothers'  Allowance  Regulations 
were  revised,  effective  from  July  15,  by 
an  Order  in  Council  (O.C.  1497/53)  made 
on  July  6  and  gazetted  July  17.  Allowances 
are  payable  from  provincial  funds  to  a 
needy  mother  with  one  or  more  children 
under  16  years  who  is  widowed  or  in  neces- 
sitous circumstances  for  certain  other 
reasons.  The  regulations  set  out  the  con- 
ditions under  which  allowances  are  payable 
and  the  scale  of  allowances. 

No  change  was  made  in  the  amount  of 
the  allowance,  which  is  $420  a  year  for  a 
mother  and  one  child  and  is  increased  by 
$120  for  the  second  child  and  $60  for  each 
successive  child,  up  to  a  maximum  of  $1,020 
a  year  for  a  mother  and  10  children.  As 
before,  an  additional  $120  a  year  is  granted 
in  cases  where  there  is  an  incapacitated 
father  living  at  home.  Unless  the  Board 
allows  otherwise,  the  latter  allowance  will 
now  be  discontinued  if  the  father  is  con- 
fined for  three  months  to  a  hospital 
approved  under  the  Hospital  Standards 
Act.  This  provision  does  not  affect  the 
father's  eligibility  for  health  services.  The 
allowance  payable  to  a  mother  and  child 
who  are  in  an  approved  hospital  will,  how- 
ever, be  continued  as  long  as  the  home 
is  being  maintained  for  their  ultimate 
return.    The  mother's  eligibility  for  health 


services  will  not  be  affected  in  such  a  case 
even  though  payment  of  the  allowances 
may  be  made  to  a  guardian. 

Allowances  are  not  payable  if  the  com- 
bined real  or  personal  property  of  a  parent 
and  children  has  more  than  a  specified  net 
value.  Maximum  amounts  are  now  fixed 
according  to  the  size  of  the  family.  The 
former  maximum  of  $5,000,  of  which  not 
more  than  $1,000  might  be  in  cash,  securi- 
ties or  other  liquid  assets  and  which  was 
applicable  irrespective  of  the  size  of  the 
family,  now  applies  only  to  a  mother  and 
one  child.  An  additional  $500  is  allowed 
for  the  second  child  and  $250  for  each 
additional  child,  making  the  maximum  for 
a  mother  and  10  children  $7,500,  of  which 
not  more  than  $3,500  may  be  in  liquid 
assets.  In  addition,  a  further  amount  of 
$500  may  now  be  added  to  these  amounts 
where  there  is  an  incapacitated  father  living 
at  home. 

A  new  section  provides  that  when  an 
application  for  an  allowance  is  refused 
because  either  the  cash  assets  or  real  and 
personal  property  are  in  excess  of  the 
prescribed  amounts,  payment  of  the  allow- 
ance must  be  deferred  until  the  net  value 
or  the  interest  that  the  applicant  or  her 
family  had  in  the  property  or  assets  is 
exhausted  at  a  rate  determined  according 
to  the  Social  Aid  Maintenance  Schedule 
or  by  other  necessary  expenditure  approved 
by  the  Board. 

As  before,  the  maximum  annual  income 
allowed  to  a  recipient,  exclusive  of  the 
allowance,  is  $540  a  year.  Casual  gifts 
and  certain  types  of  federal  and  provincial 
aid,  such  as  family  allowances  and  social 
aid,  are  not  considered  income.  In  addi- 
tion, there  is  now  excluded  from  the  cal- 
culation of  income  non-resident  high  school 
grants  paid  by  the  Department  of  Educa- 
tion through  larger  school  unit  boards  or 
school  boards  of  trustees  and  maintenance 
payments  on  behalf  of  children  placed  by 
the   Child   Welfare  Division. 

Other  conditions  of  eligibility  remain  the 
same  as  before  except  that,  in  addition 
to  paying  an  allowance  in  the  case  where 
the  father  is  serving  a  sentence  of  a  year 
or  more  in  a  jail  or  penitentiary,  the  Social 
Welfare  Board  may  also  authorize  the  pay- 
ment of  an  allowance  for  a  period  of  two 
months  following  his  discharge. 

A  new  provision  permits  continued  pay- 
merit  of  the  allowance  for  a  temporary 
period,  with  special  permission  of  the 
Director,  to  a  mother  living  in  Alberta 
or  Manitoba  in  ?.  municipality  bordering 
on  Saskatchewan. 


1350 


Unemployment  Insurance 


Monthly  Report  on  Operation  of 

the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Claims  for  unemployment  insurance   during   June  increased.    Statistics 
for  the  month*  show  72,752  claims,  compared  with  71,476  during  May 


The  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
monthly  report  on  the  operation  of  the 
Unemployment  Insurance  Act  shows  that 
during  June  a  total  of  72,752  initial  and 
renewal  claims  for  unemployment  insurance 
benefit  were  filed  in  local  offices  across 
Canada,  compared  with  71,476  during  May. 

This  contra-seasonal  rise  in  claims  was 
concentrated  in  Nova  Scotia,  Quebec  and 
Ontario,  with  a  very  slight  increase  in 
Prince  Edward  Island.  A  temporary  cessa- 
tion of  operations  in  a  large  Cape  Breton 
coal  mine,  because  of  mechanization,  and  a 
reduction  of  activity  in  textile  and  heavy 
industry  in  Quebec  and  Ontario  were 
factors  contributing  to  the  increase  in 
claims  over  last  month.  In  comparison 
with  the  situation  last  year,  claims  this 
month  are  higher  in  all  provinces  except 
Manitoba  and  British  Columbia,  the  most 
noticeable  increase  occurring  in  Quebec 
(6,699),  while  a  decline  of  almost  similar 
magnitude  (6,032)  was  registered  in  British 
Columbia. 

There  was  a  considerable  decline  in  the 
number  of  ordinary  claimants  on  the  live 
register  on  June  30,  when  119,830  claimants 
(86,439  males  and  33,391  females)  were 
registered  for  unemployment  insurance 
benefit,  in  comparison  with  143,083  (109,001 
males  and  34,082  females)  registered  on 
May  31.  Ordinary  claimants  one  year  ago 
numbered  122,691  (86,477  males  and  36,214 
females).  Short-time  claimants  on  June 
30  totalled  18,727,  while  claimants  on 
temporary  lay-off  numbered  3,697. 

A  total  of  68,372  initial  and  renewal 
claims  were  adjudicated  during  June, 
entitlement  to  benefit  being  granted  in 
50,123  cases  Insufficient  contributions 
resulted  in  6,858  disallowances.  Disqualifi- 
cations were  imposed  in  16,385  cases 
(including  4,994  on  revised  claims).  Chief 
reasons  for  disqualification  were:  "not 
unemployed"  6,018  cases;   "voluntarily  left 


In  a  comparison  of  current  employment 
statistics  with  those  for  a  previous  period, 
consideration  should  be  given  to  relevant 
factors  other  than  numbers,  such  as  the 
opening  and  closing  of  seasonal  indus- 
tries, increase  in  area  population,  influ- 
ence of  weather  conditions,  and  the  gen- 
eral employment  situation. 


*See  Tables  E-l  to  E-6  at  end  of  book. 


employment  without  just  cause"  4,419 
cases;  and  "not  capable  of"  and  "not 
available  for  work"  1,504  cases. 

New  beneficiaries  during  the  month 
totalled  49,161,  compared  with  60,514  in 
May  and  41,475  in  June  one  year  ago.  A 
total  of  $8,408,071  was  paid  during  June  in 
compensation  for  2,731,888  proved  unem- 
ployed days,  compared  with  $12,195,255  paid 
in  respect  of  3,919,260  days  during  May 
and  $6,726,957  in  respect  of  2,539,696  days 
during  June  1952. 

During  the  week  June  27-July  3,  benefit 
payments  amounting  to  $1,548,187  were 
paid  to  90,859  beneficiaries  in  respect  of 
509,070  unemployed  days,  while  during  the 
week  May  30-June  5,  125,558  beneficiaries 
received  $2,248,673  as  compensation  for 
726,684  unemployed  days.  For  the  week 
June  28-July  5,  1952,  84,812  beneficiaries 
were  paid  $1,252,275  in  respect  of  474,472 
unemployed  days. 

The  average  daily  rate  of  benefit  for  the 
current  week  reviewed  was  $3.04,  compared 
with  $3.09  for  the  week  reviewed  last 
month  and  $2.64  for  the  same  week  last 
year. 

Insurance  Registrations 

Reports  received  from  local  offices  of  the 
Unemployment  Insurance  Commission  for 
the  month  show  that  insurance  books  or 
contribution  cards  have  been  issued  to 
3,874,687  employees  who  have  made  con- 
tributions to  the  Unemployment  Insurance 
fund  at  one  time  or  another  since  April  1, 
1953. 

At  June  30,  employers  registered  num- 
bered 248,230,  an  increase  of  1,257  since 
May  31. 


1351 


Decisions  of  the  Umpire  under 

the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Digests  of  two  selected  decisions  rendered  by  the  Umpire 


Decision  CUB  915,  March  4,  1953 

Held:  That  a  claimant,  who  made  no  effort 
to  find  employment  and  gave  in  effect  his 
full-time  to  a  restaurant  which  he  con- 
tended was  operated  by  his  wife,  had  not 
proved  that  he  was  unemployed  within  the 
meaning  of  the  Act. 

Material  Facts  of  Case — The  claimant, 
married,  68  years  of  age,  was  employed  by 
a  large  railway  company  as  a  yard  foreman 
from  1913  to  November  5,  1951,  when  he 
was  retired  on  account  of  poor  eyesight  and 
placed  on  pension.  On  November  23,  1951, 
he  filed  an  initial  claim  for  benefit  which 
was  allowed  at  the  single  rate. 

Subsequently  it  came  to  the  attention  of 
the  local  office  that  the  claimant  had  some 
connection  with  the  operation  of  a 
restaurant.  The  matter  was  investigated 
and,  according  to  declarations  made  by  the 
claimant  and  his  wife  on  March  6,  1952, 
the  wife  had  purchased  the  restaurant; 
the  agreement  of  sale  as  well  as  the 
business  licence  was  in  her  name; 
since  commencing  operations  on  November 
20,  1951,  the  claimant  had  worked  as  a 
general  handy-man  in  the  restaurant,  wash- 
ing the  dishes,  cleaning  up  and  fixing  the 
fires,  which  took  up  about  six  or  seven 
hours  of  his  time  each  day  and  for  which 
he  received  no  compensation  other  than  his 
board. 

The  claimant's  unemployment  register 
revealed  that  for  the  entire  period  from 
November  23,  1951,  to  March  1,  1952,  he 
declared  that  he  was  unemployed. 

The  insurance  officer  disqualified  the 
claimant  from  the  receipt  of  benefit  for 
an  indefinite  period  as  from  November  23, 
1951,  because  in  his  opinion  he  was  not 
unemployed  within  the  meaning  of  Section 
27(1)  (a)  of  the  Act. 

The  claimant  appealed  to  a  court  of 
referees,  which,  after  having  heard  a  rep- 
resentative of  his  union,  unanimously 
upheld  the  decision  of  the  insurance  officer. 

The  union  appealed  to  the  Umpire,  con- 
tending that  the  claimant  would  have 
accepted  any  employment  notified  to  him 
but  that  at  no  time  during  the  period  he 
had  drawn  unemployment  insurance  benefit 
had  he  been  offered  work  by  the  local  office. 


The  union  also  requested  an  oral  hearing 
before  the  Umpire,  which  was  held  in 
Ottawa  on  February  18,  1953,  and  which 
was  attended  by  the  Dominion  Legislative 
Representative  of  the  union  and  a  repre- 
sentative of  the  Commission. 

Conclusions — (The  Dominion  Legislative 
Representative  of  the  union)  argued  before 
me  that,  following  the  jurisprudence  laid 
down  in  decision  CU-B  514,  the  claimant 
should  not  have  been  expected  "to  remain 
idle"  in  order  to  collect  unemployment 
insurance  benefit. 

The  relevant  portion  of  CU-B  514  reads 
as  follows: — 

Claimants  under  the  Unemployment  Insur- 
ance Act  are  not  prevented  from  "doing 
little  things  at  home  such  as  light  repairs, 
housekeeping,  gardening"  or  even  at  "the 
homes  of  members  of  their  family"  when  it 
is  done  as  a  benevolent  gesture.  If,  how- 
ever, in  order  to  fill  up  the  gap  of  their 
unemployment,  they  undertake  to  do  these 
"little  jobs"  for  remuneration  or  profit,  they 
then  follow  an  occupation  within  the  mean- 
ing of  Section  29(1)  (b)  of  the  Act  and  are 
deemed  not  to  be  unemployed  on  any  day  they 
are  so  occupied  unless  they  come  within  the 
provision  of  the  exception  therein  quoted. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  claimant 
would  not  have  been  subject  to  disqualifica- 
tion under  the  Act  had  his  participation  in 
his  wife's  enterprise  (assuming  that  the 
business  is  actually  his  wife's)  been  solely 
an  act  of  benevolence,  in  order  to  fill  up 
his  leisure  time,  when  he  was  not  seeking 
employment,  which  he  was  expected  to  do. 

His  participation  in  the  business,  how- 
ever, went  far  beyond  the  assistance  which 
might  be  expected  under  similar  circum- 
stances of  any  married  man  who  is 
temporarily  unemployed  and  that  which 
was  contemplated  in  CU-B  514.  According 
to  the  evidence  on  file,  he  gave,  in  effect, 
his  full  time  to  the  restaurant,  which  he 
contends  is  operated  by  his  wife,  and  made 
no  efforts  to  obtain  employment.  This 
latter  point  is  fully  borne  out  by  his  state- 
ment that  although  "this  summer  there 
(had)  been  a  shortage  of  workers  (the 
local,  office)  had  never  given  (him)  the 
opportunity  of  any  kind  of  work"  (this 
quotation  is  taken  from  the  claimant's 
letter  to  the  Dominion  Legislative  Repre- 
sentative of  the  union  dated  October  30, 
1952,  which  is  on  file). 


1352 


The  claimant's  status,  while  taking  an 
active  part  in  the  operation  of  the  restau- 
rant and  consequently  carrying  on  an 
occupation  for  which  it  is  customary  to 
receive  remuneration,  is  hardly  consistent 
with  that  of  an  unemployed  person  who 
is  genuinely  in  the  labour  field.  Not  only 
is  he  not  seeking  employment  but,  being 
busy  in  the  restaurant  during  normal  work- 
ing hours,  he  places  himself  in  such  a 
position  that  "no  employment  will  seek 
him",  if  I  may  use  that  expression. 

(The  Dominion  Legislative  Representa- 
tive of  the  union)  has  also  submitted  that 
the  investigation  should  have  been  made 
at  the  time  of  the  claimant's  application 
for  benefit  on  November  23,  1951,  when, 
allegedly,  he  stated  that  his  wife  was  "in 
business  for  herself".  Concerning  that 
point,  I  consider  that  the  Commission's 
representative,  at  the  hearing,  has  satis- 
factorily explained  that  it  would  be 
impossible  to  investigate  all  claims  for 
benefit  which  are  made  under  the  Act  and 
that,  since  the  claimant  had  not  declared 
his  participation  in  the  operation  of  his 
wife's  business,  there  was  no  particular 
reason  to  doubt  that  he  did  not  fulfil  the 
condition  laid  down  in  Section  27(1)  (a)  of 
the  Act. 

For  those  reasons,  while  there  is  no  con- 
clusive evidence  that  the  claimant  acted  in 
bad  faith,  I  will  dismiss  the  appeal. 

Decision  CUB  916,  March  5,  1953 

Held:  That  the  claimant,  a  young  locomo- 
tive fireman  who  was  discharged  by  a 
railway  company  and  who  upon  filing  a 
claim  for  benefit  in  a  large  industrial  centre 
ivas  disqualified  under  Section  27(l)(b) 
because  he  insisted  on  registering  for  work 
in  that  occupation,  shoidd  have  been  allowed 
one  month  to  look  for  the  kind  of  employ- 
ment he  desired,  after  which  period  it  could 
then  be  said  that  he  had  so  unduly  restricted 
his  sphere  ,of  employment  as  to  be  consid- 
ered not  available  for  work  within  the 
meaning  of  the  Act. 

Material  Facts  of  Case — The  claimant, 
single,  23  years  of  age,  worked  as  a  loco- 
motive fireman  for  a  large  railway  company 
from  November  15,  1949  to  July  31,  1952. 

On  September  16,  1952,  he  filed  an  initial 
application  for  benefit  and  stated  that  he 
had  been  dismissed  from  the  employ  of  the 
company  after  having  served  a  30-day  term 
in  jail  for  creating  a  disturbance  outside 
the  hours  of  his  employment  and  off  the 
company's  property.  On  September  16  also, 
the  manager  of  the  local  office  submitted 
a  report  of  possible  disqualification  to  the 
insurance  officer  wherein  he  stated  that  the 


claimant  insisted  on  registering  for  employ- 
ment as  a  locomotive  fireman  but  that  it 
was  practically  impossible  to  place  him  in 
that  occupation. 

The  insurance  officer  disqualified  the 
claimant  from  the  receipt  of  benefit  for  an 
indefinite  period  as  from  September  16, 
1952,  on  the  ground  that  the  claimant  had 
not  proved  that  he  was  available  for  work 
within  the  meaning  of  Section  27(1)  (b)  of 
the  Act. 

The  claimant  appealed  to  a  court  of 
referees,  which,  after  having  heard  him,  a 
representative  of  his  union  and  two  repre- 
sentatives of  the  local  office,  unanimously 
upheld  the  decision  of  the  insurance  officer. 

The  claimant's  union  appealed  to  the 
Umpire  and  to  rebut  the  statements  made 
before  the  court  of  referees  by  a  repre- 
sentative of  the  local  office  that  it  was 
practically  impossible  to  place  the  claimant 
in  his  usual  occupation  and  that  only  one 
such  placement  had  been  made  by  that 
office  in  18  years,  it  listed  four  big  indus- 
trial companies  in  the  claimant's  city  which 
employed  a  large  number  of  locomotive 
firemen  in  connection  with  the  operation 
of  their  plant  locomotives. 

In  response  to  a  request  from  the  Chief 
Claims  Officer  of  the  Commission  to 
enquire  and  report  on  the  information 
contained  in  the  union's  appeal  to  the 
Umpire,  the  manager  of  the  local  office  in 
a  memorandum  dated  December  11,  1952, 
stated  that  all  the  companies  mentioned  by 
the  union  trained  their  own  locomotive 
firemen  and  selected  them  from  their 
regular  personnel  and  that  in  regard  to  the 
statement  made  by  the  local  placement 
officer  before  the  court  of  referees  that  only 
one  such  placement  had  been  made  by  the 
local  office  in  18  years,  this  had  to  do  with 
a  listing  made  by  one  of  the  companies 
some  years  ago,  which  was  later  cancelled 
when  that  employer  secured  the  services  of 
a  retired  locomotive  engineer. 

The  claimant's  union  requested  an  oral 
hearing  before  the  Umpire  and  it  was  held 
in  Ottawa  on  February  18,  1953,  and 
attended  by  the  vice-president  of  the  union 
and  a  representative  of  the  Commission. 

Conclusions — Under  the  Unemployment 
Insurance  Act  and  the  interpretation  given 
thereto  in  decisions  of  the  Umpire,  a 
claimant  is  considered  available  for  work 
only  when  he  is  prepared  to  accept  at  once 
any  offer  of  suitable  employment  brought 
to  his  notice. 

The  question  therefore  which  comes 
immediately  to  mind  is,  what  is  or  was 
considered  suitable  employment  for  the 
claimant    or,    more    specifically,    at    what 


77966—8 


1353 


stage  of  his  claim  could  employment  out- 
side his  usual  occupation  be  considered 
suitable  for  him. 

The  relevant  section  of  the  Act  reads  as 
follows : — 

40(3)  After  a  lapse  of  such  an  interval 
from  the  date  on  which  an  insured  person 
becomes  unemployed  as,  in  the  circumstances 
of  the  case,  is  reasonable,  employment  shall 
not  be  deemed  to  be  not  suitable  by  reason 
only  that  it  is  employment  of  a  kind  other 
than  employment  in  the  usual  occupation  of 
the  insured  person,  if  it  is  employment  at  a 
rate  of  wages  not  lower  and  on  conditions  not 
less  favourable  than  those  observed  by  agree- 
ment between  employees  and  employers  or, 
failing  any  such  agreement,  than  those  recog- 
nized by  good  employers. 

According  to  (the  vice-president  of  the 
union),  the  expression  "after  a  lapse  of 
such  an  interval  ...  as  is  reasonable" 
which  appears  in  the  above-quoted  section, 
is  interpreted  by  the  Commission  to  mean 
a  period  of  three  months.  (The  vice- 
president  of  the  union)  has  not  stated  the 
source  of  his  information  in  that  respect 
but  I  must  sa.y  that  such  a  ruling  would 
be  contrary  to  the  spirit  of  the  Act  and  in 
violation  of  the  explicit  wording  of  Section 
40(3),  which  states  that  the  reasonable 
lapse  of  time  must  be  determined  in  the 
light  of  the  "circumstances  of  the  case". 

Under  Section  40(3)  of  the  Act,  there- 
fore, each  case  is  dealt  with  on  its  own 
merit,  bearing  in  mind  that  the  factors 
which  affect  the  suitability  of  an  offer  of 
employment  outside  one's  usual  occupation 
are  numerous  and  that  the  weight  given 
to  any  particular  one  varies  according  to 
the  presence  or  absence  of  certain  others. 

In  certain  cases,  claimants  have  been 
allowed  a  substantial  period  of  time  in 
which  to  find  employment  of  their  own 
choice  whereas  in  others  they  have  been 
disqualified  from  the  receipt  of  benefit 
almost  immediately  upon  becoming  unem- 
ployed because  they  had  restricted  their 
sphere  of  employment  to  work  in  their 
usual  occupation  which  they  could  not 
reasonably  hope  to  find  owing  to  certain 
circumstances  beyond  their  control  or  which 
they  had  deliberately  created.  In  regard  to 
the  latter-mentioned  cases,  I  would  cite 
as  an  example  decision  CU-B  912,  which 
deals  with  the  case  of  a  French-speaking 
stenographer  from  the  City  of  Quebec  who 
was  not  considered  available  for  work 
within  the  meaning  of  the  Act  when,  upon 
filing  a  claim  for  benefit  in  an  Ontario 
centre     where     the     English     language     is 


spoken  exclusively,  she  insisted  upon  accept- 
ing French  stenographic  work  only.  Her 
short  period  of  unemployment  carried  little 
weight  in  determining  the  issue. 

In  the  present  case  the  claimant,  upon 
registering  for  employment  with  the  Com- 
mission's office  in  the  City  of on 

September  16,  1952,  stated  that  he  would 
accept  work  as  a  locomotive  fireman  only. 
At  that  time  he  was  just  beginning  his 
period  of  unemployment,  if  we  take  into 
consideration  the  month  he  served  in  jail 
and  that  it  was  not  until  September  15 
that  he  was  finally  dismissed  from  the 
employ  of  the  (railway  company). 

There  was  no  question  of  his  returning 
to  the  employ  of  the  (railway  company) 
and  there  were  no  jobs  in  his  occupation 
listed  at  the  local  office.  In  fact  the  local 
office  had  only  one  job  of  that  kind  listed 
in  all  the  years  of  its  existence.  There  is 
no  doubt,  therefore,  that  his  chances  of 
obtaining  employment  were  materially 
lessened  by  the  very  nature  of  his 
occupation. 

On  the  other  hand  there  are  quite  a  few 

large  firms  in  ,  apart  from  the 

railway  companies,  which  employ  locomo- 
tive firemen  and,  although  they  usually 
select  them  from  their  own  personnel,  it  is 
quite  possible  that  a  young  man  of  the 
claimant's  experience  could  obtain,  through 
his  own  efforts,  employment  as  such  with 
one  of  these  firms.  Whether  the  claimant 
intended  to  make  the  necessary  efforts  is 
not  shown  in  the  records  but  I  think  that 
the  benefit  of  the  doubt  should  be  given 
to  him  in  that  respect. 

Taking  all  the  circumstances  of  the  case 
into  consideration,  I  am  of  the  opinion  that 
the  claimant  should  have  been  allowed  one 
month  in  which  to  look  for  the  kind  of 
employment  he  desired  while  in  receipt  of 
benefit.  After  the  month  had  elapsed  and 
the  claimant  had  not  succeeded  in  obtaining 
employment  as  a  locomotive  fireman,  it 
could  then  be  said  that  he  had  so  unduly 
restricted  his  sphere  of  employment  that  he 
was  not  "prepared  to  accept  at  once  any 
offer  of  suitable  employment  brought  to  his 
notice",  which  as  stated  at  the  beginning 
of  these  remarks  is  the  condition  sine  qua 
non  of  availability  for  work. 

For  those  reasons  the  appeal  is  allowed 
to  the  extent  that  the  claimant  fulfilled 
the  condition  laid  down  in  Section  27(1)  (b) 
of  the  Act  for  the  period  from  September 
16  to  October  16,  1952. 


1354 


Labour  Conditions 

in  Federal  dioveriuiicnt  Contracts 


Wage  Schedules  Prepared  and  Contracts  Awarded  during  July 

Works  of  Construction,  Remodelling,  Repair  or  Demolition 

During  July  the  Department  of  Labour  prepared  216  wage  schedules  for  inclusion  in 
contracts  proposed  to  be  undertaken  by  departments  of  the  federal  Government  and 
its  Crown  corporations  in  various  areas  of  Canada,  for  works  of  construction,  remodelling, 
repair  or  demolition.  In  the  same  period,  a  total  of  113  contracts  in  these  categories  was 
awarded.   Particulars  of  these  contracts  appear  below. 

A  copy  of  the  wage  schedule  issued  for  each  contract  is  available  on  request  to  trade 
unions  concerned  or  to  others  who  have  a  bona  fide  interest  in  the  execution  of  the 
contract. 

(The  labour  conditions  included  in  each  of  the  contracts  listed  under  this  heading 
provide  that: — 

(a)  the  wage  rate  for  each  classification  of  labour  shown  in  the  wage  schedule  included 
in  the  contract  is  a  minimum  rate  only  and  contractors  and  subcontractors  are  not 
exempted  from  the  payment  of  higher  wages  in  any  instance  where,  during  the  continuation 
of  the  work,  wage  rates  in  excess  of  those  shown  in  the  wage  schedule  have  been  fixed  by 
provincial  legislation,  by  collective  agreements  in  the  district,  or  by  current  practice; 

(b)  hours  of  work  shall  not  exceed  eight  in  the  day  and  44  in  the  week,  except  in 
emergency  conditions  approved  by  the  Minister  of  Labour; 

(c)  overtime  rates  of  pay  may  be  established  by  the  Minister  of  Labour  for  all  hours 
worked  in  excess  of  eight  per  day  and  44  per  week; 

(d)  no  employee  shall  be  discriminated  against  because  of  his  race,  national  origin, 
colour  or  religion,  nor  because  the  employee  has  made  a  complaint  with  respect  to  such 
discrimination.) 

Contracts  for  the  Manufacture  of  Supplies  and  Equipment 

Contracts  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies  and  equipment  awarded  during  July  are 

set  out  below: — 

Department  No.  of  Contracts  Aggregate  Amount 

Defence  Construction  (1951)  Ltd.: 

(Building  and   Maintenance) 4  $       9,428.30 

Defence  Production: 

(April   Report)    157  16,198.00 

(May    Report)     158  1,449,330.00 

(June    Report)     149  1,002,783.00 

Post   Office    12  93,389.75 

Public  Works  1  6,400.50 

(The    labour    conditions    included    in    contracts    for    the    manufacture    of    supplies    and 

equipment  provide   that: — 

(a)  all  persons  who  perform  labour  on  such  contracts  shall  be  paid  such  wages  as  are 
currently  paid  in  the  district  to  competent  workmen,  and  if  there  is  no  current  rate,  then 
a  fair  and  reasonable  rate;  but  in  no  event  shall  the  wages  paid  be  less  than  those 
established  by  the  laws  of  the  province  in  which  the  work  is  being  performed; 

(b)  the  working  hours  shall  be  those  fixed  by  the  custom  of  the  trade  in  the  district, 
or  if  there  be  no  such  custom,  then  fair  and  reasonable  hours; 

(c)  overtime  rates  of  pay  may  be  established  by  the  Minister  of  Labour  for  all  hours 
worked  in  excess  of  those  fixed  by  custom  of  the  trade  in  the  district,  or  in  excess  of  fair 
and  reasonable  hours; 


The  Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of  Labour 
legislation  of  the  federal  Government  has 
the  purpose  of  insuring  that  all  Govern- 
ment contracts  for  works  of  construction 
and  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies  and 
equipment  contain  provisions  to  secure 
the  payment  of  wages  generally  accepted 
as  fair  and  reasonable  in  each  trade  or 
classification  employed  in  the  district 
where  the  work  is  being  performed. 

The  practice  of  Government  depart- 
ments and  those  Crown  corporations  to 
which  the  legislation  applies,  before 
entering  into  contracts  for  any  work  of 
construction,  remodelling,  repair  or  demo- 
lition, is  to  obtain  wage  schedules  from 
the  Department  of  Labour,  showing  the 
applicable  wage  rate  for  each  classifica- 
tion of  workmen  deemed  to  be  required 
in    the    execution    of    the    work.      These 


wage  schedules  are  thereupon  included 
with  other  relevant  labour  conditions  as 
terms  of  such  contracts  to  be  observed 
by  the  contractors. 

Wage  schedules  are  not  included  in 
contracts  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies 
and  equipment  because  it  is  not  possible 
to  determine  in  advance  the  classifica- 
tions to  be  employed  in  the  execution 
of  a  contract.  A  statement  of  the  labour 
conditions  which  must  be  observed  in 
every  such  contract  is,  however,  included 
therein  and  is  of  the  same  nature  and 
effect  as  those  which  apply  in  works  of 
construction. 

Copies  of  the  federal  Government's 
Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of  Labour  legis- 
lation may  be  had  upon  request  to  the 
Industrial  Relations  Branch  of  the 
Department  of  Labour,   Ottawa. 


1355 


77966— 8* 


(d)  no  employee  shall  be  discriminated  against  because  of  his  race,  national  origin, 
colour  or  religion,  nor  because  the  employee  has  made  a  complaint  with  respect  to  such 
discrimination.) 

Wage  Claims  Received  and  Payments  Made  during  July 

During  July  the  sum  of  $144.10  was  collected  from  one  employer  who  had  failed 
to  pay  the  wages  required  by  the  labour  conditions  attached  to  his  contracts.  This 
amount  has  been  or  will  be  distributed  to  the  13  employees  concerned. 

Contracts  Containing  Fair  Wage  Schedules  Awarded  during  July 

(The  labour  conditions  of  the  contracts  marked  (*)  contain  the  General  Fair  Wages 
Clause  providing  for  the  observance  of  current  or  fair  and  reasonable  rates  of  wages  and 
hours  of  labour  not  in  excess  of  eight  per  day  and  44  per  week,  and  also  empower  the 
Minister  of  Labour  to  deal  with  any  question  which  may  arise  with  regard  thereto.) 


Central  Mortgage  and 

St  Johns  Nfld:  Terminal  Construction 
Co  Ltd,  landscaping,  Ebsary  Estate.  Tuft's 
Cove  N  S:  Gunite  &  Waterproofing  Ltd, 
exterior  painting.  Chicoutimi  P  Q:  Louis 
Vezina.  *exterior  painting.  Farnham  P  Q: 
Martin  &  Freres,  ^exterior  painting. 
Val  d'Or  P  Q:  Courchesne  &  Lafleur  Enrg, 
exterior  painting.  Ajax  Ont:  Cornish  Con- 
struction Ltd,  construction  of  storm  & 
sanitary  sewers.  Aylmer  Ont:  Hagersville 
Asphalt  Paving  Ltd,  paving  of  roads. 
Cobourg  Ont:  T  A  Wilson  Lumber  Co 
Ltd,  construction  of  houses.  Deep  River 
Ont:  Shalamar  Gardens,  landscaping. 
Goderich   Ont:   Terminal   Construction   Co 


Housing  Corporation 

Ltd,  landscaping.  Lindsay  Ont:  Walter  J 
Holsgrove,  ^landscaping.  London  Ont: 
London  Sand  &  Stone  Ltd,  paving  of  roads. 
Midland  Ont:  Borgstrom  Bros  Ltd,  land- 
scaping. Rockcliffe  Ont:  Dibblee  Construc- 
tion Co  Ltd,  paving  of  roads.  Winnipeg 
Man:  J  H  From,  landscaping.  Cold  Lake 
Alta:  Provincial  Engineering  Ltd,  installa- 
tion of  electrical  distribution  system;  Mix 
Bros  Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction  of 
roads  &  driveways.  Leduc  Alta:  J  W 
Parsons  Painting,  *exterior  painting. 
Edmonton  Alta:  Cosmopolitan  Decorators, 
exterior  painting. 


Defence  Construction  (1951)  Limited 


Dartmouth  N  S:  Mardo  Construction 
Ltd,  construction  of  air  electrical  bldg. 
Bagotville  P  Q:  George  Proulx  Eng,  con- 
struction of  sewers,  concrete  block  bldg 
&  greenhouse.  Montreal  P  Q:  O  Langlois 
Construction  Ltd,  installation  of  water  & 
sewer  services.  Senneterre  P  Q:  Atlas  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  reconstruction  of  drill  & 
recreational  hall.  Camp  Borden  Ont: 
Swansea  Construction  Co  Ltd,  installation 
of  watermains  &  sanitary  sewers.  Centralia 
Ont:  J  H  Turvey  Electric  Ltd,  extension 
to  electrical  distribution  sj-stem.  Downs- 
view  Ont:  Mai  Nicholson,  extension  of 
railway  siding.  Falconbridge  Ont:  Angus 
Robertson  Ltd,  residual  construction  & 
related     work.       Foy  mpunt     Ont:     Angus 


Robertson  Ltd.  residual  construction  & 
related  work.  London  Ont:  Sterling  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  construction  of  ground 
services.  Winnipeg  Man:  Kummen- 
Shipman  Electric  Ltd,  installation  of  power 
&  communications  system.  Cold  Lake 
Alta:  Bennett  &  White  Alberta  Ltd,  con- 
struction of  hangars.  Suifield  Alta:  Burns 
&  Dutton  Concrete  &  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  -  construction  of  central  laboratory. 
Baldy  Hughes  B  C:  Ben  Ginter  Construc- 
tion Co  Ltd,  construction  of  access  roads. 
Esquimalt  B  C:  J  A  Pollard  Construc- 
tion, construction  of  electrical  workshop. 
Holberg  B  C:  Marwell  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  residual  construction  k  related  work. 


Building  and  Maintenance 


Halifax  N  S:  Steel  Company  of  Canada 
Ltd,  erection  of  fence,  coal  yard,  Lady 
Hammond  Road.  Dunnville  Ont:  W  A 
Moffatt  Co,  application  of  built-up  roofs 
on  hangars,  No  6  Repair  Depot  Detach- 
ment. RCAF  Station.  Mountainview  Ont: 
W   A   Moffatt  Co,  application   of  built-up 


roofs  on  hangars,  No  6  Repair  Depot 
Detachment,  RCAF  Station.  Between 
Edmonton  A  Fort  St  John  B  C:  J  Boshard 
&  Son  Ltd,  patch  painting  of  structural 
steel,  Peace  River  Suspension  Bridge, 
XWHS. 


1356 


National  Harbours  Board 


Montreal  Harbour  P  Q:  Creaghan  & 
Archibald  Ltd,  repairs  to  expansion  joints  in 
deck  of  Jacques  Cartier  Bridge.  Churchill 
Harbour    Man:    Bolton    Construction    Co 


Ltd,  construction  of  officers'  residence. 
Vancouver  Harbour  B  C:  Moncrieff  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  construction  of  mill- 
wright's shop,  No  3  elevator. 


Department  of 

Charlottetown  P  E  I:  Island  Construc- 
tion Ltd,  surfacing  west  side  of  railway 
wharf.  Larry's  River  N  S:  R  K  Mac- 
Donald  Construction  Co  Ltd,  breakwater 
repairs.  Margaree  Harbour  N  S:  A  J 
MacDonald  &  D  A  Maclsaac,  pier  replace- 
ment. Meteghan  N  S:  Atlantic  Bridge  Co 
Ltd,  wharf  repairs.  New  Harbour  N  S: 
Mosher  &  Rawding  Ltd,  breakwater  exten- 
sion. Parkers  Cove  N  S:  MA  Condon  & 
Son,  breakwater  repairs.  South  East  Cove 
(Tancook),  N  S:  T  C  Gorman  (Nova 
Scotia)  Ltd,  breakwater  extension. 
Escuminac  N  B:  Andre  F  Richard, 
*dredging.  Green  Point  N  B:  Lloyd  G 
Smith,  repairs  &  improvements  to  pier. 
Kouchibouguac  River  N  B:  C  J  Gaudet, 
construction  of  wharf.  Richibucto  Cape 
N  B:  Diamond  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
*dredging.  St  Louis  Gully  N  B:  Andre 
F  Richard,  *dredging.  Chandler  P  Q: 
McNamara  Construction  Co  Ltd,  *dredging. 
Clarke  City  P  Q:  J  P  Porter  Co  Ltd, 
*redredging.  Contrecoeur  P  Q:  Lucien 
Lachapelle.  *dredging.  Gracefield  P  Q: 
Amyot  &  Amyot,  erection  of  public  build- 
ing. Matane  P  Q:  A  Lapointe  &  A 
Bellavance,  shed  reconstruction.  Montreal 
P  Q:  C  Howard  Simpkin  Ltd,  installation 
of  transformers,  switchboard  &  alterations, 
etc,  St  James  St  Post  Office.  Pointe-au- 
Pere  P  Q:  Mitis  Construction  Co,  renew- 
ing of  wharf  lighting  system.  Quebec  P  Q: 
0  Picard  &  Fils  Inc,  pipe  tunnel  installa- 
tions, Marine  Stores  building;  Magloire 
Cauchon  Ltd,  alterations  to  provide  fluoro- 
scope  &  radiology  dept,  Savard  Park 
Hospital.  Riviere  du  Loup  P  Q:  Arthur 
Dionne.  asphalt  paving.  St  Joseph  de  Sorel 
P  Q:  Lucien  Lachapelle,  ^dredging.  Ste 
Mar  the  de  Gaspe   (Riviere  de  la  Martre) 


Public  Works 

P  Q:  Gulf  Maritime  Construction  Ltd, 
wharf  extension.  Beamsville  Ont:  R  Timms 
Construction  &  Engineering  Ltd,  construc- 
tion of  public  bldg.  Bloomfield  Ont:  H  J 
McFarland  Construction  Co  Ltd,  erection 
of  public  bldg.  Fort  William  Ont: 
McNamara  Construction  Co  Ltd.  *dredg- 
ing;  Consolidated  Dredging  Ltd,  ^dredging. 
London  Ont:  Wainwright  Construction  Ltd, 
alterations  to  sanitary  drains,  Mental 
Infirmary ;  McKay-Cocker  Construction 
Ltd,  alterations  to  old  Isolation  Annex, 
Westminster  Hospital;  Towland  Construc- 
tion Co  Ltd,  road  paving — Psychiatric 
Institution,  Westminster  Hospital.  Port 
Hope  Ont:  McNamara  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  *dredging.  Port  Rowan  Ont:  Detroit 
Construction  Ltd,  construction  of  break- 
water. Port  Stanley  Ont:  Peerless  Con- 
struction Ltd,  paving  portion  of  wharf  area. 
Rondeau  Ont:  McNamara  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  *dredging.  Toronto  Ont:  McNamara 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  *dredging.  Whitby 
Ont:  Mannix  Ltd,  *dredging.  Black  Bay 
(Bushell)  Sask:  Burns  &  Dutton  Construc- 
tion Co  Ltd,  erection  of  fence.  Regina 
Sask:  Smith  Bros  &  Wilson  Ltd.  erection 
of  public  bldg.  Cracroft  B  C:  F  Gagne, 
float  renewal.  Esquimalt  B  C :  Victoria  Pile- 
driving  Co  Ltd,  wharf  repairs.  Port  Mann 
B  C:  Gilley  Bros  Ltd,  placing  of  rock  at 
training  dyke  on  Fraser  River.  Port 
Washington  B  C:  Victoria  Piledriving  Co 
Ltd,  wharf  repairs  &  improvements. 
Vancouver  B  C:  B  C  Marine  Engineers 
&  Shipbuilders  Ltd,  *docking,  cleaning, 
painting  &  repairing  dredge  "PWD  No  305" 
(King  Edward) ;  Burrard  Dry  Dock  Co  Ltd, 
docking,  cleaning,  painting  &  repairing 
dredge  "PWD  No  303"  (Fruhling). 


Department  of  Resources  and  Development 

Island    National    Park       Municipal    Spraying    &    Oiling     Co     Ltd, 


Prince  Edward 
P  E  I:  Island  Construction  Ltd,  asphalt 
seal  coating,  Dalvay-Stanhope  &  Rustico- 
New  London  Bay  Highway.  Cape  Breton 
Highlands  National  Park  N  S:  Fundy  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  reconstruction  of  sub- 
grade,  etc,  Cabot  Trail.  Halifax  N  S: 
J  Gray,  demolition  of  barracks  bldg. 
Point  Pelee  National  Park  Ont:  Maren- 
tette  Bros,  installation  of  water  system 
&  electrical  services  for  camp  ground  area; 


asphalt  seal  coating  of  road.  St  Lawrence 
Islands  National  Park  Ont:  A  F  Simpson, 
construction  of  timber  wharf  with  rock 
filled  cribs,  Gordon  Island.  Riding 
Mountain  National  Park  Man:  Common- 
wealth Construction  Co  Ltd,  asphalt  seal 
coating,  No  10  Highway  &  Wasagaming 
Townsite  Sts,  etc.  Prince  Albert  National 
Park  Sask:  Horton  Steel  Works  Ltd, 
erection    of    steel    water    tank    &    tower, 


1357 


Waskesiu  Townsite.  Banff  National  Park 
Alta:  Baynes  Manning  Ltd,  alterations  & 
extensions  to  water  &  sewer  system; 
Standard  Gravel  &  Surfacing  of  Canada 
Ltd,  construction  of  subgrade,  etc,  Trans- 
Canada  Highway.  Jasper  National  Park 
Alta:  Western  Construction  &  Lumber  Co 
Ltd,  asphalt  seal  coating,  Banff-Jasper 
Highway;  Marwell  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
reconstruction  of  Banff-Jasper  Highway. 
Between    Castlegar    &    International 


Boundary  B  C:  Western  Water  Wells, 
drilling  work  on  Columbia  River.  Yoho 
National  Park  B  C:  Dawson,  Wade  & 
Co  Ltd,  construction  of  subgrade,  etc, 
Trans-Canada  Highway.  Aklavik  N  W  T: 
Tower  Co  Ltd,  construction  of  various 
bldgs.  Whitehorse  Y  T:  Campbell's  Ltd, 
construction  of  foundation  for  Pan- 
American  duplex  bldg.  Upper  Whitehorse 
Y  T:  Campbell's  Ltd,  construction  of 
garages. 


Department 

South  Head  Nfld:  Newfoundland  Engi- 
neering &  Construction  Co  Ltd,  construc- 
tion of  dwelling,  concrete  tower  and  storage 
bldg.  Argyle  N  S:  L  E  &  P  E  Armstrong, 
construction  of  dwelling  &  light  tower. 
Scatari  Island  N  S:  Robb  Engineering 
Works  Ltd,  erection  of  tower.  Cap  Des 
Rosiers  P  Q:  Emile  Cloutier,  renewal  of 
brick  facing  on  tower.  Rimouski  P  Q: 
H  J  O'Connell  Ltd,  additional  develop- 
ment    of     airport.      Rouyn     P  Q:.   H     J 


of  Transport 

O'Connell  Ltd,  additional  development  of 
airport.  St  Timothee  P  Q:  Argo  Construc- 
tion Co  Ltd,  replacement  of  bridge  by 
earth  fill.  Sudbury  Ont:  Raynor  &  Arm- 
strong Ltd,  additional  development  of  air- 
port. Saskatoon  Sask:  W  C  Wells  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  construction  of  equipment 
bldg.  Mclnnes  Island  B  C :  Stewart  &  Slade 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction  of 
dwellings   &   light-radio   fog   alarm   bldg. 


Prices  and  the  Cost  of  Living 


Consumer  Price  Index,  August  1,  1953 

The  consumer  price  index  rose  0-3  per 
cent — from  115-4  to  115-7 — between  July  2 
and  August  1.  It  was  the  third  consecutive 
rise  following  six  consecutive  declines. 

The  index  is  now  at  the  same  level  as 
of  January  1953. 

The  latest  change,  for  the  first  time  in 
many  months,  was  largely  attributable  to 
factors  other  than  foods  which  remained 
practically  unchanged,  moving  from  112-7 
to  112-8.  Within  the  food  group  a  sub- 
stantial drop  in  the  price  of  vegetables, 
coupled  with  decreases  for  fresh  fruits  and 
beef,  was  overbalanced  by  increases  in 
bread,  coffee,  eggs,  pork  products  and  lamb. 

The  clothing  index  moved  up  0-1  per 
cent  from  110-3  to  110.4,  as  a  result  of  an 
advance  in  the  price  of  knitting  yarn  and 
a  fractional  increase  in  men's  wear.  The 
household  operation  series  changed  from 
117-0  to  117-2  due  to  higher  quotations 
for  fuel  oil  and  scattered  slight  increases 
in  home  furnishings  and  cleaning  supplies. 

The  largest  group  index  change  was 
registered  by  the  other  commodities  and 
services  components  which  moved  up  0-5 
per  cent  from  115-2  to  115-8,  reflecting 
higher  quotations  for  gasoline  and  hospital 


"See  Tables  F-l  to  F-6  at  end  of  book. 


rates.  The  shelter  index  incorporated 
advances  in  both  the  rental  and  home- 
ownership  components,  and  moved  from 
123-9  to  124-1. 

The  index  one  year  earlier  (August  1 
1952)  was  116-0;  group  indexes  were:  food 
115-7;  shelter  120-6,  clothing  111-6,  house- 
hold operations  115-8,  and  other  commodi- 
ties and  services  115*8. 

Cost-of-Living  Index,  August  1,  1953 

The  cost-of-living  index  (1935-39  =  100) 
rose  from  186-0  to  186-4  between  July  2 
and  August  1.  At  August  1,  1952,  it  was 
187-6. 

Group  indexes  at  August  1  (July  2 
figures  in  parentheses),  were:  food  229-5 
(229-2),  rent  153-3  (152-9),  fuel  and  light 
153-6  (153-5),  clothing  206-7  (206-5),  home 
furnishings  and  services  195-9  (196-0),  and 
miscellaneous  150-0  (149-2). 

Group  indexes  one  year  earlier  (August  1. 
1952)  were:  food  238-0,  rent  147-9,  fuel  and 
light  150-1,  clothing  208-6,  home  furnish- 
ings and  services  196-0,  and  miscellaneous 
147 -8. 

City  Cost-of-Living  Indexes,  July  2,  1953 

Seasonal  increases  in  food  prices  wore 
mainly  responsible  for  the  advance   in   the 


1358 


CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX  FROM  JANUARY  1949 


. 

food;     y 

SHELTER 

.—--" 

\  «•»** 

TOTAL    f  J^ 

.Jf                  HOUSEHOLD  OPERATION 

. .  f « .  1 , .  1 , . 

i3r     'J 

/             \ 

/        OTHER  C0MM00ITIE 

CLOTHING 
s  m  SERVICES 

• 

,„;.,.   i    , 

.         i         ■ 

,         1 

1         ■ 

...            1           :.. 

,             1 

cost-of-living  indexes  for  each  of  the  nine 
regional  cities  between  June  1  and  July  2, 
1953. 

The  increases  registered  ranged  between 
0-6  and  1*1  per  cent. 

This  general  advance  was  largely  attrib- 
utable to  seasonal  increases  in  the  prices 
of  eggs  and  fresh  vegetables.  Increases 
for  several  other  food  items,  in  particular 
bacon,  lard,  lamb,  flour  and  oranges  also 
contributed  to  the  substantial  gains  made 
by  the  food  indexes  in  all  nine  centres. 
Advances  in  bread  prices  were  recorded  in 
Montreal,  Winnipeg,  Saskatoon,  Edmonton 
and  Vancouver. 

Fractional  changes  in  the  clothing  indexes 
of  seven  of  the  nine  cities  were  mainly  due 
to  fluctuations  in  the  prices  of  women's 
hosiery.  The  principal  changes  in  the  home 
furnishings  and  services  group  indexes  con- 
sisted of  increases  in  telephone  rates  in 
Saskatoon  and  furniture  prices  in  Halifax, 
Toronto  and  Edmonton.  Fuel  and  light 
indexes  were  unchanged  in  seven  cities 
while  they  moved  up  in  Montreal  and 
Winnipeg  due  to  higher  coal  and  coke 
prices  in  the  former  and  higher  domestic 
gas  rates  in  the  latter. 

Increases  in  the  rent  indexes  averaged  0-3 
per  cent  in  seven  cities  while  the  indexes 


for  St.  John's  and  Halifax  remained 
unchanged.  Advances  in  theatre  admission 
fees  in  St.  John's  and  newspaper  subscrip- 
tion rates  in  Toronto  moved  the  miscel- 
laneous items  indexes  up  in  those  two 
cities.  Indexes  for  the  remaining  seven 
cities  remained  unchanged. 

Composite  city  cost-of-living  index 
point  changes  between  June  1  and  July  2 
were  as  follows:  Montreal  +2-1  to  192-2; 
Winnipeg  +1-7  to  178-9;  Saskatoon  +1-7 
to  185-1;  Halifax  +1-4  to  174-8;  Saint 
John  +1-4  to  182-4;  Edmonton  +1-2  to 
179-0;  Vancouver  +1-2  to  188-8;  Toronto 
+  1-1  to  183-3;  St.  John's  +0-7  to  101-9* 

Wholesale  Prices,  July  1953 

Wholesale  prices  declined  by  0-2  per 
cent  between  June  and  July,  to  221-7.  In 
July  last  year  the  index  was  225-4.  Of 
the  eight  major  groups,  five  averaged  lower 
in  July  than  in  June,  while  two  advanced 
and  one  remained  unchanged. 

The  animal  products  index  dropped  from 
247-5  in  June  to  243-5  due  to  lower  quota- 
tions for  livestock,  fresh  and  cured  meats, 
leather,    raw    furs,    hides    and    skins,    and 


Index  on  base  June  1951=100. 


1359 


cheese.  These  outweighed  seasonal  strength 
in  eggs  as  well  as  advances  in  fish,  poultry, 
oils  and  fats,  and  footwear. 

Lower  prices  for  hardwoods,  fir,  cedar 
shingles,  woodpulp  and  newsprint  were 
reflected  in  a  decline  in  the  wood,  wood 
products  and  paper  index  from  290-5  to 
289-7,  while  the  index  for  fibres,  textiles 
and  textile  products  fell  from  241-7  to 
241-2  due  to  lower  prices  for  binder  twine, 
worsted  yarns  and  woollen  cloth.  Raw 
cotton  and  imported  raw  wool  were 
slightly  higher. 

The  non-ferrous  metals  index  moved 
down  from  168-6  to  168-3  when  decreases 
occurred  for  tin,  gold,  copper,  silver  and 
solder  which  overbalanced  an  advance  in 
lead.  Weakness  in  commodities  quoted  on 
an  export  basis,  such  as  newsprint,  gold, 
cedar  shingles,  etc.,  reflected  a  slight  easing 
in  July  of  United  States  funds  in  terms 
of  the  Canadian  dollar. 

Lower  quotations  for  fertilizer  materials 
outweighed  firmness  in  inorganic  chemicals 
and  paint  materials  to  lower  the  total 
chemical  products  index  from  176-4  to 
176-1.  In  the  non-metallics  section,  firmer 
prices  for  imported  coal  and  crude  oil  were 
sufficient  to  raise  the  group  index  from 
176-4  to  177-0.  The  index  for  iron  and  its 
products  was  unchanged  at  220-6. 


Firmer  prices  for  bakery  products, 
notably  bread,  coupled  with  increases  for 
coffee,  cocoa  beans,  potatoes,  onions  and 
canned  fruits,  outweighed  losses  in  grains, 
livestock  feeds,  milled  cereal  foods,  vege- 
table oils  and  natural  raw  rubber,  to 
advance  the  vegetable  products  index  from 
197-4  to  198-7. 

Canadian  farm  product  prices  at  terminal 
markets  changed  narrowly  from  219-3  to 
219-2,  the  decline  largely  reflecting  lower 
quotations  for  animal  products.  Lower 
prices  for  livestock,  butterfat  and  western 
milk  for  cheese  manufacture  were  respon- 
sible for  a  change  in  animal  products  from 
268-8  to  265-3.  Eggs  were  higher  as  well 
as  fowl  and  eastern  milk  for  cheese  manu- 
facture. Field  products  advanced  from 
169-9  to  173-1  when  increases  in  eastern 
potatoes  outweighed  decreases  in  grains, 
western  potatoes  and  hay. 

The  residential  building  materials  index 
declined  slightly  between  June  and  July 
from  284-1  to  283-9.  Lower  quotations 
were  mainly  concentrated  in  lumber 
although  a  slightly  easier  price  tone  was 
noted  for  the  lath,  plaster  and  insulation 
sub-group,  as  well  as  the  roofing  materials 
section.  The  paint  and  glass  series  moved 
up  moderately. 


COST-OF-LIVING  INDEX  FROM  JANUARY  1946 


1360 


Strikes  and  Lockouts 


Canada,  July  1953* 

The  idleness  resulting  from  industrial 
disputes  during  the  first  seven  months  of 
1953  has  been  consistently  less  than  the 
man-days  lost  in  the  same  period  in  1952. 
In  July  1953,  the  loss  was  somewhat  higher 
than  in  the  previous  month  but  was  only 
a  fraction  of  the  idleness  in  July  1952.  Two 
stoppages  with  the  greatest  loss  in  July 
1953  were  gold  miners  at  Pamour  and 
South  Porcupine,  Ont.,  and  truck  drivers, 
warehousemen  and  helpers  in  South  West- 
ern Ontario. 

Wages  and  related  questions  were  the 
central  issues  in  21  of  the  30  stoppages  in 
July  1953,  causing  95  per  cent  of  the  total 
loss.  Of  the  other  disputes,  three  arose 
over  union  questions,  four  over  dismissals 
or  suspensions  and  two  over  causes  affect- 
ing working  conditions. 

Preliminary    figures    for   July    1953    show 

30  strikes  and  lockouts  in  existence,  involv- 
ing 7,396  workers,  with  a  time  loss  of 
73,486    man-working    days,    compared    with 

31  strikes  and  lockouts  in  June,  1953,  with 
6,452  workers  involved  and  a  loss  of  57,346 
days.  In  July  1952  there  were  54  strikes 
and  lockouts,  56,263  workers  involved  and 
a  loss  of  888,243  days. 

For  the  first  seven  months  of  1953  pre- 
liminary figures  show  99  strikes  and  lock- 
outs, involving  24,097  workers,  with  a  loss 


of  283,924  days.  In  the  same  period  in  1952 
there  were  150  strikes  and  lockouts,  with 
97,561  workers  involved  and  a  loss  of  2,217,- 
396  days. 

Based  on  the  number  of  non-agricultural 
wage  and  salary  workers  in  Canada,  the 
time  lost  in  July  1953  was  0-09  per  cent 
of  the  estimated  working  time;  0-07  per 
cent  in  June  1953;  1-07  per  cent  in  July 
1952;  0-05  per  cent  for  the  first  seven 
months  of  1953;  and  0-38  per  cent  for  the 
first  seven  months  of  1952. 

Of  the  30  stoppages  in  July  1953,  three 
were  settled  in  favour  of  the  employer,  10 
were  compromise  settlements  and  six  were 
indefinite  in  result,  work  being  resumed 
pending  final  settlement.  At  the  end  of 
the  month  11  stoppages  were  recorded  as 
unterminated. 

(The  record  does  not  include  minor  strikes 
such  as  are  defined  in  another  paragraph 
nor  does  it  include  strikes  and  lockouts 
about  which  information  has  been  received 
indicating  that  employment  conditions  are 
no  longer  affected  but  which  the  unions 
concerned  have  not  declared  terminated. 
Strikes  and  lockouts  of  this  nature  still  in 
progress  are:  compositors,  etc.,  at  Winnipeg, 
Man.,  which  began  on  November  8,  1945,  and 
at  Ottawa  and  Hamilton.  Ont.,  and  Edmon- 
ton, Alta.,  on  May  30,  1946;  waitresses  at 
Timmins,  Ont.,  on  May  23.  1952;  and  garage 
workers  at  Saint  John,  X.B.,  on  February  9, 
1953.) 


Great  Britain  and  Other  Countries 


The  latest  available  information  as  to 
strikes  and  lockouts  in  various  countries 
is  given  in  the  Labour  Gazette  from  month 
to  month.  Statistics  given  in  the  annual 
review  and  in  this  article  are  taken,  as  far 
as  possible,  from  the  government  publica- 
tions of  the  countries  concerned  or  from 
the  International  Labour  Office  Year  Book 
of  Labour  Statistics. 

Great  Britain  and  Northern  Ireland 

The  British  Ministry  of  Labour  Gazette 
publishes  statistics  dealing  with  disputes 
involving  stoppages  of  work  and  gives  some 
details  of  the  more  important  ones. 

The  number  of  work  stoppages  beginning 
in  May  1953  was  135  and  19  were  still  in 
progress  from  the  previous  month,  making 
a   total   of    154   during   the    month.    In   all 


'See  Tables  G-l  and  G-2  at  end  of  book. 


stoppages  of  work  in  progress,  18,600 
workers  were  involved  and  a  time  loss  of 
32,000  working  days  caused. 

Of  the  135  disputes  leading  to  stoppages 
of  work  which  began  in  May,  five,  directly 
involving  400  workers,  arose  over  demands 
for  advances  in  wages,  and  58,  directly 
involving  4,500  workers,  over  other  wage 
questions;  five,  directly  involving  400 
workers,  over  questions  as  to  working 
hours;  14,  directly  involving  3,500  workers, 
over  questions  respecting  the  employment 
of  particular  classes  or  persons;  51,  directly 
involving  4,800  workers,  over  other  ques- 
tions respecting  working  arrangements;  and 
two,  directly  involving  1,000  workers,  over 
questions  of  trade  union  principle. 

New  Zealand 

Figures  for  the  first  quarter  of  1953  show 
17  strikes  involving,  directly  and  indirectly, 
2.512  workers  and  causing  a  time  loss  of 
3,110  man-days. 


77966—9 


1361 


United  States 

Preliminary  figures  for  June  1953  show 
500  work  stoppages  resulting  from  labour- 
management  disputes  beginning  in  the 
month;  250,000  workers  were  involved.  The 


time  loss  for  all  stoppages  in  progress 
during  the  month  was  3,750,000  man-days. 
Corresponding  figures  for  May  1953  are 
525  work  stoppages  involving  270,000 
workers  and  a  time  loss  of  3,000,000  days. 


Publications  Recently  Received 

in  Department  of  Labour  Library 


The  publications  listed  below  are  not 
for  sale  by  the  Department  of  Labour. 
Persons  wishing  to  purchase  them  should 
communicate  with  the  publishers.  Publica- 
tions listed  may  be  borrowed,  free  of 
charge,  by  making  application  to  the 
Librarian,  Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa. 
Students  must  apply  through  the  Library 
of  their  institution.  Applications  for  loans 
should  give  the  number  (numeral)  of  the 
publication  desired  and  the  month  in  which 
it  was  listed  in  the  Labour  Gazette. 

List  No.  61. 

Accident  Prevention 

1.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Mines.  Coal  Miners 
Safety  Manual;  a  Handbook  for  Miners, 
by  J.  J.  Forbes,  M.  J.  Ankeny  and  Frances 
Feehan.  Washington,  G.P.O.,  1943.  Pp. 
218. 

2.  U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee 
on  Education  and  Labor.  Safety  in 
Harbor  Employment.  Hearings  ...  on 
H.R.  5796  .  .  .  Washington,  G.P.O.,  1952. 
Pp.  509. 

3.  U.S.  Congress.  House.  Committee 
on  Education  and  Labor.  Safety  in 
Longshore  and  Harbor  Work.  Report  of 
the  Subcommittee  of  the  Committee  on 
Education  and  Labor.  Washington,  G.P.O., 
1952.    Pp.  12. 

4.  U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee 
on  Labor  and  Public  Welfare.  Providing 
for  the  Welfare  of  Coal  Miners.  Hearings 
.  .  .    Washington,  G.P.O.,  1952.    Pp.  443. 

5.  Great  Britain.  Joint  Standing  Com- 
mittee on  Prevention  of  Accidents  in 
Paper  Mills.  Second  Report.  London, 
H.M.S.O.,  1952.    Pp.  54. 

Arbitration,  Industrial 

6.  Baker,  Alton  Wesley.  Labor-Manage- 
ment Arbitration;  Background  of  Arbitra- 
tion and  Survey  of  Arbitration  Clauses  in 
Ohio  Collective  Bargaining  Contracts,  by 
Alton  W.  Baker  and  R.  J.  Davis. 
Columbus,  cl951.    Pp.  55. 


7.  Slaby,  Steve  M.  The  Labor  Court  in 
Norway.  Oslo,  Norwegian  Academic  Press, 
cl952.    Pp.  38. 

Discrimination  in  Employment 

8.  U.S.     Bureau     of     Labor     Statistics. 

Negroes  in  the  United  States:  Their 
Employment  and  Economic  Status.  Wash- 
ington, G.P.O.,  1952,  i.e.  1953.    Pp.  58. 

9.  U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee 
on  Labor  and  Public  Welfare.  Federal 
Equality  of  Opportunity  in  Employment 
Act;  Report  to  accompany  S.S368,  a  Bill 
to  prohibit  Discrimination  in  Employment 
because  of  Race,  Color,  Religion,  National 
Origin,  or  Ancestry,  with  Minority  Views 
of  Mr.  Hill.  Washington,  G.P.O,  1952.  2 
Parts. 

Economic  Conditions 

10.  National  Industrial  Conference 
Board,  . . .  Resources:  from  Abundance  to 
Scarcity  by  1975?  A  Round  Table  Discus- 
sion.   New  York,  cl952.    Pp.  52. 

11.  Organization  for  European 
Economic  Co-operation.  European 
Economic  Co-operation:  a  Survey.  Paris, 
1951.    Pp.  43. 

12.  Shinner,  Ernest  Gardiner.  Prosperity 
can  be  Permanent.  Chicago,  Shinner 
Political  Economy  Research  Foundation, 
1951?    Pp.  135. 

13.  U.S.  Economic  Co-operation  Admin- 
istration. Special  Mission  to  the  United 
Kingdom.  Report.  London,  1948.  3 
Volumes.  Contents.— v.  1.  The  high- 
lights.— v.  2.  Supporting  facts. — v.  3. 
Statistical  supplement.  Library  lacks 
volume  one. 

Employees — Training 

14.  Minnesota.  University.  Industrial 
Relations  Center.  Training  Programs  for 
Maximum  Manpower  Effectiveness.  Pro- 
ceedings of  a  Conference  held  April  12-13, 
1951,  with  the  Cooperation  of  the  Twin 
Cities  Chapter  of  Society  for  Advance- 
ment of  Management  through  the  Center 


1362 


for  Continuation  Study,  University  of 
Minnesota.  Dubuque,  Iowa,  Wm.  C.  Brown 
Company,  cl952.    Pp.  57. 

15.  Training  Conference  of  Educa- 
tional Directors  in  Industry  and 
Commerce.  6th,  Montreal,  1952.  Pro- 
ceedings .  .  .  April  2^-25,  1952,  Mount 
Royal  Hotel,  Montreal,  Quebec.  Theme: 
Toward  Better  Training.  Montreal,  Cana- 
dian Industrial  Trainers'  Association,  1952. 
Pp.  153. 

Human  Relations 

16.  Chase,  Stuart.  The  Proper  Study  of 
Mankind  .  .  .  an  Inquiry  into  the  Science 
of  Human  Relations.  New  York,  Harper, 
cl948.    Pp.  311. 

17.  Hepner,  Harry  Walker.  How  to  live 
and  work  Successfully  with  People  in 
Business.  New  York,  Prentice-Hall,  1952. 
Pp.  272. 

Industrial  Disputes 

18.  United  States,  Defendant.  The  Steel 
Seizure;  Briefs  for  the  Government  and 
the  Companies  and  the  Record  filed  in 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States 
in  the  Steel  Seizure  Case  (the  Youngstown 
Sheet  and  Tube  Company,  et  al.  vs.  Charles 
Sawyer,  Nos.  744>  745)  including  Such 
Briefs  for  the  United  Steelworkers  of 
America,  CIO,  and  the  Brotherhood  of 
Locomotive  Engineers,  et  al.,  as  Amici 
Curiae.  Washington,  G.P.O.,  1952.  2 
Parts. 

18a.  U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee 
on  Labor  and  Public  Welfare.  National 
and  Emergency  Labor  Disputes.  Hearings 
before  the  Committee  on  Labor  and  Public 
Welfare  and  its  Subcommittee  on  Labor 
and  Labor  Management  Relations,  United 
States  Senate,  Eighty-second  Congress,  on 
S.2999,  a  Bill  to  amend  the  Labor- 
Management  Relations  Act,  1947,  so  as  to 
provide  a  More  Effective  Method  of  deal- 
ing with  Labor  Disputes  in  Vital  Indus- 
tries which  affect  the  Public  Interest  and 
S.3016,  a  Bill  to  provide  an  Orderly 
Procedure  for  the  Relinquishment  of 
Possession  of  the  Steel  Plants  under  Con- 
ditions which  will  assure  the  Continued 
Production  of  the  Articles  and  Materials 
required  for  the  Common  Defense.  Wash- 
ington, G.P.O.,  1952.    Pp.  767. 

Job  Analysis  and  Specification 

19.  Gould,  B.  C.  A  Manual  for  Occupa- 
tion Evaluation.  Rev.  ed.  New  York, 
Stevenson,  Jordan  and  Harrison,  1938. 
Pp.  30. 

20.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Manpower  Utiliza- 
tion. Division  of  Occupational  Analysis 
and      Manning      Tables.        Informational 


Manual     on     Industrial     Job     Evaluation 
Systems.    Washington,  G.P.O.,  1943.    Pp.  28. 

Labour  Organization — Political  Activities 

21.  Calkins,    Fay.      The    CIO    and    the 

Democratic  Party.     Chicago,  University  of 
Chicago  Press,  1952.    Pp.  162. 

22.  Patch,  Buel  W.  Labor  and  Politics. 
Washington,  Editorial  Research  Reports, 
1952.    Pp.  583-599. 

Labouring  Classes 

23.  Ireland  (Eire)  Department  of 
Industry  and  Commerce.  Report  on  the 
work  of  the  Factory  Inspection  Service  for 

1951.  Dublin,   Stationery   Office,    1952.     1 
Volume. 

24.  Bondas,  Joseph.  Un  Demi-Siecle 
d' Action  Syndicate,  1898-1948;  Histoire  de 
C.S.,  de  la  C.G.T.B.,  et  de  la  F.G.T.B. 
Pref.  de  Louis  de  Brouckere.  Anvers,  Impr 
"Excelsior",  1949?  Pp.  448.  This  book  is 
a  history  of  labour  organization  in  Belgium. 

National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago,  1951 

25.  General  Sessions,  1951  National  Safety 
Congress  (Index  to  Transactions  of  All 
Sessions)  Chicago,  National  Safety  Council, 

1952.  Pp.  64. 

26.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Aero- 
nautical Industries,  as  presented  in  the 
Subject  Sessions  of  the  1951  National  Safety 
Congress.  Sponsored  by  the  American 
Society  of  Safety  Engineers.  Chicago, 
National  Safety  Council,  1952.    Pp.  15. 

27.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Air 
Transport  Industry  as  presented  in  the 
Sessions  of  the  Air  Transport  Section  of 
the  1951  National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago, 
National  Safety  Council,  1952.    Pp.  15. 

28.  Current  Safety  Topics  in,  the  Auto- 
motive and  Machine  Shop  Industries,  as 
presented  in  the  Sessions  of  the  Automotive 
and  Machine  Shop  Section  at  the  1951 
National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National 
Safety  Council,  1952.    Pp.  16. 

29.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Cement 
and  Quarry  Industries,  as  presented  in  the 
Sessions  of  the  Cement  and  Quarry  Section 
of  the  1951  National  Safety  Congress. 
Chicago,  National  Safety  Council,  1952. 
Pp.  23. 

30.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Chemical 
Industries,  as  presented  in  the  Sessions  of 
the  Chemical  Section  at  the  1951  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1952.    Pp.  64. 

31.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Coal 
Mining  Industry,  as  presented  in  the 
Sessions  of  the  Coal  Mining  Section  at  the 
1951  National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago, 
National  Safety  Council,  1952.     Pp.  52. 


77966— 9i 


1363 


32.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Con- 
struction Industry,  as  presented  in  the 
Sessions  of  the  Construction  Section  at  the 
1951  National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago, 
National  Safety  Council,  1952.    Pp.  24. 

33.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Elec- 
trical Equipment  Industry,  as  presented  in 
the  Sessions  of  the  Electrical  Equipment 
Section  at  the  1951  National  Safety  Con- 
gress. Chicago,  National  Safety  Council, 
1952.    Pp.  19. 

34.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  Farm  Safety, 
as  presented  in  the  Farm  Safety  Sessions 
of  the  1951  National  Safety  Congress. 
Chicago,  National  Safety  Council,  1952. 
Pp.  28. 

35.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Food 
Industry,  as  presented  in  the  Sessions  of 
the  Food  Section  at  the  1951  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1952.    Pp.  28. 

36.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Glass 
and  Ceramics  Industry,  as  presented  in  the 
Sessions  of  the  Glass  and  Ceramics  Section 
at  the  1951  National  Safety  Congress. 
Chicago,  National  Safety  Council,  1952. 
Pp.  12. 

37.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  Home  Safety, 
as  presented  in  the  Home  Safety  Sessions 
of  the  1951  National  Safety  Congress. 
Chicago,  National  Safety  Council,  1952. 
Pp.  32. 

38.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  Industrial 
Nursing,  as  presented  in  the  Sessions  of  the 
Industrial  Nursing  Section  of  the  1951 
National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National 
Safety  Council,  1952.    Pp.  24. 

39.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Mari- 
time Industries,  as  presented  in  the  Sessions 
of  the  Marine  Section  of  the  1951  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1952.    Pp.  28. 

40.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Meat 
Packaging,  Tanning  and  Leather  Indus- 
tries, as  presented  in  the  Sessions  of  the 
Meat  Packing,  Tanning  and  Leather 
Products  Section  of  the  1951  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1952.    Pp.  32. 

41.  Current  Safely  Topics  in  the  Metals 
Industry,  as  presented  in  the  Sessions  of 
the  Metals  Section  of  the  1951  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1952.    Pp.  40. 

42.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Mining 
Industry,  as  presented  in  the  Mining  Sec- 
tion of  the  1951  National  Safety  Congress. 
Chicago,  National  Safety  Council,  1952. 
Pp.  84. 


43.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Motor 
Transportation  Industry,  as  presented  in 
the  Sessions  of  the  Commercial  Vehicle 
Section  of  the  1951  National  Safety  Con- 
gress. Chicago,  National  Safety  Council, 
1952.    Pp.  28. 

44.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Petroleum 
Industry,  as  presented  in  the  Sessions  of  the 
Petroleum  Section  at  the  1951  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1952.    Pp.  48. 

45.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  Power  Press 
and  forging  Operations,  as  presented  in  the 
Sessions  of  the  Power  Press  Section  of  the 
1951  National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago, 
National  Safety  Council,  1952.    Pp.  28. 

46.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Printing 
and  Publishing  Industry,  as  presented  in 
the  Sessions  of  the  Printing  and  Publishing 
Section  of  the  1951  National  Safety  Con- 
gress. Chicago,  National  Safety  Council, 
1952.    Pp.  16. 

47.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  Public 
Employment,  as  presented  in  the  Sessions 
of  the  Public  Employee  Section  of  the  1951 
National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National 
Safety  Council,  1952.    Pp.  20. 

48.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Public 
Utilities  Industries,  as  presented  in  the 
Sessions  of  the  Public  Utilities  Section  of 
the  1951  National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago, 
National  Safety  Council,  1952.    Pp.  20. 

49.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Pulp  and 
Paper  Industry,  as  presented  in  the  Sessions 
of  the  Pulp  and  Paper  Section  at  the 
1951  National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago, 
National  Safety  Council,  1952.    Pp.  36. 

50.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Railroad 
Industry,  as  presented  in  the  Sessions  of 
the  Railroad  Section  at  the  1951  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1952.    Pp.  40. 

51.  Current  Safely  Topics  in  the  Rubber 
Industry,  as  presented  in  the  Sessions  of 
the  Rubber  Section  of  the  1951  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1952.    Pp.  20. 

52.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  School  and 
College  Safety,  as  presented  in  the  School 
and  College  Sessions  of  the  1951  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1952.    Pp.  52. 

53.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Textile 
Industry,  as  presented  in  the  Sessions  of 
the  Textile  Section  at  the  1951  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago.  National  Safety 
Council,  1952.    Pp.  20. 

54.  Current  Safely  Topics  in  Traffic 
Safety,  as  presented  in  the  Sessions  of  the 


1364 


Traffic  Section  at  the  1951  National  Safety 
Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety  Council, 
1952.    Pp.  96. 

55.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Transit 
Industry,  as  presented  in  the  Sessions  of 
the  Transit  Section  at  the  1951  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1952.    Pp.  28. 

56.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Wood 
Products  Industries,  as  presented  in  the 
Sessions  of  the  Wood  Products  Section  at 
the  National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago, 
National  Safety  Council,  1952.    Pp.  16. 

57.  Human  Understanding — a  Two-Way 
Communication  as  presented  in  the  Early 
Morning  Sessions  of  the  1951  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1952.    Pp.  28. 

Occupations 

58.  Canada.     Civil  Service  Commission. 

Civil  Service  Careers  for  College  Graduates. 
Ottawa,  Queen's  Printer,  1952.    Pp.  86. 

59.  Eaton  (T)  Co.  Limited  of  Mont- 
real. Retailing,  a  Career  with  a  Future. 
Montreal,  1952?    Pp.  12. 

60.  Great  Britain.  Central  Youth 
Employment  Executive,  The  Welder  and 
Cutter.    London,  H.M.S.O.,  1952.    Pp.  20. 

61.  U.S.  Employment  Service.  You  and 
Your  Job;  Job  Planning  for  Youth  in  a 
Defense  Economy.  Washington,  G.P.O., 
1952.    Pp.  22. 

Paper  Making  Industry  and  Trade 

62.  Canada.  Combines  Investigation 
Commission.  Coarse  Papers;  Investigation 
into  an  Alleged  Combine  in  the  Supply, 
Distribution  and  Sale  of  Coarse  Papers  in 
British  Columbia.  Ottawa,  Canada.  Dept. 
of  Justice,  1953.      Pp.  136. 

63.  Canada.  Combines  Investigation 
Commission.  Fine  Papers;  Investigation 
into  Alleged  Combines  in  the  Manufacture, 
Distribution  and  Sale  of  Fine  Papers. 
Ottawa,  Queen's  Printer,  1953.    Pp.  433. 

Wages  and  Hours 

64.  National  Conference  on  Equal  Pay, 
Washington,  1952.  Report  on  the 
National  Conference  on  Equal  Pay,  March 
SI  and  April  1,  1952.  Washington,  G.P.O., 
1952.    Pp.  25. 


65.  Reder,  Melvin  Warren.  The  General 
Level  of  Money  Wages.  Berkeley,  Uni- 
versity of  California,  1951.    Pp.  17. 

Women 

66.  U.S.   Women's   Bureau.     Jury  Duty 

for  Women.  Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953. 
1  Folder. 

67.  U.S.  Women's  Bureau.  Status  of 
Women  in  the  United  States,  1952,  by 
Lucile  Furman,  Washington,  1952.     Pp.  15. 

68.  U.S.  Women's  Bureau.  Women  as 
Workers  (a  Statistical  Guide).  Washing- 
ton, 1952.     Pp.  30. 

Workmen's   Compensation 

69.  Congress  of  Industrial  Organiza- 
tions. Workmen's  Compensation.  Wash- 
ington, 1952.    Pp.  65. 

70.  New  York  (State)  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation Board.  Cumulative  Supplement 
to  Annotations  under  the  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation  Law.  July,  1952.  New  York, 
1953.     1  Volume. 

Miscellaneous 

71.  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the 
United  States  of  America.  Small  Busi- 
ness,  its  Role  and  Its  Problems;  a  Report 
of  the  Committee  on  Economic  Policy. 
Washington,  cl953.    Pp.  33. 

72.  Conference  for  Labor  Journal 
Editors.         5th,       Urbana,       111.,       1952. 

Winning  Your  Readers'  Interest:  Report, 
5th  annual  Labor  Journal  Editor's  Confer- 
ence, May  23-24,  1952.  Urbana,  University 
of  Illinois,  1952.    Pp.  17. 

73.  Deakin,  Arthur.  Some  Problems  of 
Works  Consultation.  (In  Research.  August 
1952.     V.  5,  No.  8,  p.  351-354.) 

74.  Minnesota.  University.  Industrial 
Relations  Center.  How  to  develop  a 
Weighted  Application  Blank,  by  Josephine 
Welch,  C.  Harold  Stone  and  Donald  G. 
Paterson.  Dubuque,  Iowa,  William  C. 
Brown  Company,  cl952.    Pp.  19. 

75.  Stalin,  Joseph.  Economic  Problems 
of  Socialism  in  the  U.S.S.R.  Moscow, 
Foreign  Languages  Publishing  House,  1952. 
Pp.  103. 


Another  14-Year-Old  Strike  Ends 

Another  strike  claiming  the  title  "The  World's  Longest  Strike"  has  ended  after  14  years, 
one  month  and  some  odd  days.  The  same  man  had  served  as  picket  for  the  last  12  years 
of  the  strike. 

The  Auto  Mechanics  Union  (AFL)  began  picketing  the  Peterson  Chevrolet  Co.  in 
Chicago  in  July  1939.  The  picket — since  1941  Alexander  Orr  manned  the  line — was 
removed  early  this  month  when  the  company  agreed  to  a  contract. 

A  14-year-old  Irish  strike  ended  last  May  (L.G.,  June,  p.  876). 


1365 


Labour  Statistics 


Page 
A— Labour  Force 

D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey 

Table  A-l — Estimated  Distribution  of  Canadian  Manpower 1367 

Table  A-2— Persons  Looking  for  Work  in  Canada 1367 

Table  A-3— Regional  Distributions,  Week  Ended  June  20,  1953 1368 

Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 

Table  A-4 — Distribution  of  All  Immigrants  by  Region 1368 

Table  A-5 — Distribution  of  Workers  Entering  Canada  by  Occupations 1369 

B— Labour  Income 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics  Monthly  Estimates  of  Labour  Income 
Table  B-l— Estimates  of  Labour  Income 1369 

C— Employment,  Hours  and  Earnings 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics:  Employment  and  Payrolls 

Table  C-l — Employment  Index  Numbers  by  Provinces 1370 

Table  C-2— Employment,  Payrolls,  and  Weekly  Wages  and  Salaries 1370 

Table  C-3— Summary  of  Employment,  Payrolls  and  Average  Weekly  Wages  and  Salaries 1371 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings 

Table  C-4 — Hours  and  Earnings  in  Manufacturing 1372 

Table  C-5 — Hours  and  Earnings  in  Manufacturing  by  Provinces  and  Cities 1372 

Table  C-6 — Hours  and  Earnings  by  Industry 1373 

Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 
Table  C-7 — Real  Earnings  in  Manufacturing 1374 

D— Employment  Service  Statistics 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 

Table  D-l — Unfilled  Vacancies  and  Unplaced  Applicants  as  at  First  of  Month 1375 

Table  D-2 — Unfilled  Vacancies  by  Industry  and  by  Sex 1376 

Table  D-3 — Unfilled  Vacancies  and  Unplaced  Applicants  by  Occupation  and  by  Sex 1377 

Table  D-4 — Activities  of  National  Employment  Service  Offices 1378 

Table  D-5 — Applications  and  Placements  Since  1943 1383 

Table  D-6 — Vacancies  and  Placements  by  National  Employment  Service  Offices  (Quarterly) ....  1384 

E— Unemployment  Insurance 

Unemployment  Insurance  Commission  and  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
Report  on  the  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Table  E-l — Number  Receiving  Benefit  with  Amount  Paid 1388 

Table  E-2— Persons  Signing  the  Live  Unemployment  Register  by  Number  of  Days  Continu- 
ously on  the  Register 1 388 

Table  E-3 — Claims  for  Benefit  by  Provinces  and  Disposal  of  Claims 1389 

Table  E-4— Claimants  Not  Entitled  to  Benefit  with  Reasons  for  Non-Entitlement 1389 

Table  E-5— Estimates  of  the  Insured  Population 1389 

Table  E-6 — Unemployment  Insurance  Fund 1390 

F— Prices 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 

Table  F-l— Index  Numbers  of  the  Cost  of  Living  in  Canada 1391 

Table  F-la — Consumer  Price  Index  Numbers,  Canada 1392 

Table  F-2 — Index  Numbers  of  the  Cost  of  Living  for  Nine  Cities  of  Canada 1393 

Table  F-3— Index  Numbers  of  Staple  Food  Items 1393 

Table  F-4— Retail  Prices  of  Staple  Foods  and  Coal  by  Cities 1394 

Table  F-5 — Index  Numbers  of  the  Cost  of  Living  in  Canada  and  Other  Countries 1398 

Table  F-6 — Index  Numbers  of  Wholesale  Prices  in  Canada 1399 

G— Strikes  and  Lockouts 

Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 

Table  G-l— Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada  by  Month 1400 

Table  G-2— Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada  During  July 1401 

H— Industrial  Accidents 

Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 

Table  H-l — Fatal  Industrial  Accidents  by  Industries  and  Causes 1404 

Table  H-2— Fatal  Industrial  Accidents  by  Provinces  and  Industries 1404 

1366 


A — Labour  Force 

TABLE  A-l.— ESTIMATED  DISTRIBUTION  OF  CANADIAN  MANPOWER 

(Thousands  of  persons  14  years  of  age  and  over) 
Source:  D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey 


Week  Ended  June  20,  1953 


Total 


Males       Females 


Week  Ended  May  16,  1953 


Total 


Males       Females 


Total  civilian  non-institutional  population 

A.  Civilian  labour  force 

Persons  at  work 

35  hours  or  more 

Less  than  35  hours 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

(a)  Laid  off  for  part  of  the  week 

(b)  on  short  time 

(c)  lost  job  during  the  week 

(d)  found  job  during  the  week 

(e)  bad  weather 

(f )  illness 

(g)  industrial  dispute 

(h)  vacation 

(i)   other 

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours 

Persons  with  jobs  not  at  work 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

(a)  laid  off  for  full  week 

(b)  bad  weather 

(c)  illness 

(d)  industrial  dispute 

(e)  vacation 

(f)  other 

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours 

Persons  without  jobs  and  seeking  work  (i) 

B.  Persons  not  in  the  labour  force 

(a)  permanently  unable  or  too  old  to  work.  . 

(b)  keeping  house 

(c)  going  to  school 

(d)  retired  or  voluntarily  idle 

(e)  other 


10,020 

5,387 

5,172 

4,888 

284 

89 
* 

22 


195 
125 


120 
10 


4,633 
181 

3,330 

543 

561 

18 


5,002 

4,197 

4,024 

3,889 

135 

70 

* 

15 


805 
116 


271 
408 


5,018 


1,190 
1,148 


1  49 

10 


130 
29 


,828 
65 
,328 
272 
153 
10 


10,006 

5,321 

5,108 

4,720 

388 

177 

* 

*  25 

20 
20 

24 
73 

211 
99 

96 
11 

54 

* 

20 
114 


181 

3,316 

663 

509 


4,995 

4,151 

3,969 

3,767 

202 

130 


20 
15 

14 
49 

72 
80 

78 

45 
* 

14 
* 

* 
102 

844 
115 

334 

383 

10 


5,011 

1,170 

1,139 

953 

186 

47 


139 
19 


12 

3,841 
66 

3,314 
329 
126 


(x)  Included  here  are  only  those  who  did  not  work  during  the  entire  survey  week  and  were  reported  looking  for  work. 
For  all  those  who  were  reported  as  seeking  work  during  the  survey  week,  see  Table  A-2. 
*  Less  than  10,000. 


TABLE  A-2.— PERSONS  LOOKING  FOR  WORK  IN  CANADA 

(Estimates  in  thousands) 
Source:  D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey 


Week  Ended  June  20,  1953 

Week  Ended  May  16,  1953 



Total 

Seeking 

Full-Time 

Work 

Seeking 

Part-Time 

Work 

Total 

Seeking 

Full-Time 

Work 

Seeking 

Part-Time 

Work 

Total  looking  for  work 

Without  jobs 

101 

90 
44 
24 
12 

11 

* 
* 

89 
80 

12 
10 

124 

114 
36 
38 

27 

10 

* 

* 

10 

• 

113 
105 

11 

* 

Under  1  month 

1 —  3  months 

4 —  6  months 

13—18  months 

19 — and  over 

Worked 

* 
* 
* 

* 

• 

t 

1 — 14  hours 

* 

15 — 34  hours 

* 

Less  than  10,000. 


1367 


TABLE  A-3.— REGIONAL  DISTRIBUTIONS,  WEEK  ENDED  JUNE  20,  1953 

(Estimates  in  thousands) 


— - 

Canada 

Nfld. 

P.E.I. 
N.S. 
N.B. 

Que. 

Ont. 

Man. 

Sask. 
Alta. 

B.C. 

The  Labour  Force 
Both  Sexes 

5,387 

901 

4,486 

4,197 

841 

3,356 

1,190 

60 

1,130 

5,387 

542 

742 

2,478 

1,413 

212 

114 
112 

96 

* 

94 

18 

* 

18 

114 
15 
18 
51 
25 
* 

416 

61 

355 

331 
56 
275 

85 

80 

416 
42 
57 
185 
112 
20 

1,518 
210 

1,308 

1,185 
203 
982 

333 

* 

326 

1,518 
182 
240 
704 
353 
39 

1.946 

240 

1,706 

1,474 

217 

1,257 

472 

23 

449 

1,946 
182 
246 

898 
536 

84 

954 
367 

587 

772 
345 
427 

182 
22 
160 

954 
91 
130 
429 
259 
49 

439 

21 

418 

339 

18 

321 

100 

* 

97 

439 

30 

20—24  years 

51 

211 

128 

19 

Persons  with  Jobs 

5,297 
4,120 
1,177 

900 
4,397 

3,981 
2,940 
1,041 

111 
93 
18 

109 

90 
73 

17 

403 
319 

84 

61 
342 

299 

227 

72 

1,485 

1,156 

329 

210 
1,275 

1,147 
849 
298 

1,923 

1,456 

467 

240 
1,683 

1,543 
1,125 

418 

947 
766 
181 

366 
581 

539 
390 
149 

428 

330 

98 

21 

407 

363 

276 

87 

90 

* 

13 

33 

23 

* 

11 

Persons  not  in  the  Labour  Force 

4,033 

805 

3,828 

125 
28 
97 

428 

82 

346 

1,305 

210 

1,095 

1,504 

234 

1,270 

845 
155 
690 

426 

96 

330 

Less  than  10,000. 


TABLE  A-4.— DISTRIBUTION  OF  ALL  IMMIGRANTS  BY  REGION 

Source:  Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 


Month 

Atlantic 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Prairies 

B.C. 

Yukon 
N.W.T. 

Canada 
Total 

Adult 
Males 

1949— Total 

2.777 
2,198 
3,928 
4,351 

2,629 

2,369 

18,005 
13,575 
46,033 
35,318 

21,163 

14,679 

48,607 
39,041 
104,842 
86,059 

52,472 

40,769 

17,904 
12,975 
25,165 
23,560 

13,343 

14,093 

7,924 
6,123 
14,423 
15,030 

8,450 

6,426 

95,217 
73,912 
194,391 

164,498 

98,057 
78,336 

39,044 

1950— Total 

30, 700 

1951— Total 

95,818 

1952— Total.    . 

66,083 

44,184 

32,300 

1368 


TABLE  A-5.— DISTRIBUTION  OF  WORKERS  ENTERING  CANADA  BY  OCCUPATIONS 

Source:  Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 


R    J 

M 

C 

'3,^ 

a  c 

£ 

Month 

|     1 

5   c8   « 

§     2 

'3a 

0) 

O   g   3 

1    § 

3 
"3     rt 

s-s-a 

o    .s 

g 

c3 

3 

o 

3) 

.S  o 

I'll 

3 
o 

-2 

73 

5 

1 

la 
o 

S    fc 

o 

H     U 

O     h 

CO 

<j 

pE, 

SSO 

o 

H 

1951— Total   . 

4,001 

5,317 

25,890 

5,402 

114,786 

1952— Total   . 

7,054 

6,900 

16,971 

1,526 

85,029 

1952— Jan.— June 

3,315 

3,790 

11,551 

919 

54,103 

1953— Jan.— June 

4,672 

2,998 

922 

1,602 

5,564 

10,346 

380 

11,995 

3,352 

472 

42,303 

Due  to  changes  in  occupational  classifications,  comparisons  with  earlier  periods  can  not  be  made  for  all  groups. 
Where  possible,  comparisons  are  indicated  in  the  above  table 


B — Labour  Income 

TABLE  B-l.— ESTIMATES  OF  LABOUR  INCOME 

(§  Millions) 
Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


1943 — Average.  . . 
1944 — Average.  . . 
1945 — Average.  . . 
1946— Average.  . . 
1947— Average.  . . 
1948— Average.  . . 
*1949 — Average.  . 
1950 — Average.  . . 
1951— Average.  . . 
1952— Average. . . 

1950 — December . 

1951— January 

February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 
September 
October . . . 
November 
December . 

1952 — January 

February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June , 

July 

August 

September 
October... 
November 
December 

1953 — January... 
February. 

March 

April 

May 


Agricul- 
ture, 
Forestry, 

Fishing, 
Trapping, 

Mining 


Manu- 
facturing 


168 
171 
156 
147 
177 
203 
214 
231 
270 
299 

251 

249 
252 
257 
263 
266 
273 
273 
277 
282 
280 
280 
286 

279 
284 
290 
291 
292 
292 
294 
304 
312 
314 
318 
322 

317 
322 
325 
326 
328 


Construc- 
tion 


Utilities, 
Transport- 
ation, 
Communi- 
cation, 
Storage, 
Trade 


95 
100 
114 
134 
154 


230 

193 

189 
190 
193 
199 
205 
211 
212 
214 
217 
219 
223 
222 


215 
216 
218 
222 
227 
231 
234 
234 
236 
239 
242 
245 

247f 

235 

236 

253f 

249 


Finance, 
Services, 
(including 
Govern- 
ment) 


78 
83 
90 
103 
114 
131 
147 
156 
178 
197 

162 

164 
162 
175 
171 
177 
179 
179 
180 
182 
188 
191 
188 

188 
193 
193 
193 
197 
200 
201 
197 
198 
202 
202 
205 

203 

207 
213 
213 
219 


Supple- 
mentary 
Labour 
Income 


Total 


399 
412 
413 
444 
518 
597 
647 
693 
806 
895 

746 

734 
733 
750 

765 
794 
818 
820 
832 
847 
858 
867 
858 


849 
852 
852 
875 
885 
901 
919 
931 
946 
952 
942 

928 
920 
924 


Includes  Newfoundland,  since  1949.         f  Includes  retroactive  wage  payment  to  railway  employees. 


1369 


C — Employment,   Hours   and   Earnings 

TABLE  C-l.— EMPLOYMENT  INDEX  NUMBERS  BY  PROVINCES 

(Average  calendar  year  1939  =  100.)         (The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision.) 

Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 

Tables  C-l  to  C-3  are  based  on  reports  from  employers  having  15  or  more  employees— At  June  1,  employers  in  the 

principal  non-agricultural  industries  reported  a  total  employment  of  2,468,811- 


Year  and  Month 


5  & 
•Co- 


Km 


03 


<y 


go 


1947 — Average 

1948 — Average 

1949— Average 

1950 — Average 

1951 — Average 

1952— Average 

Jan.  1,   1952 

Feb.  1,   1952 

Mar.         1,   1952 

Apr.  1,   1952 

May  1,   1952 

June  1,   1952 

July  1,   1952 

Aug.  1,   1952 

Sept.         1,   1952 

Oct.  1,   1952 

Nov.         1,   1952 

Dec.         1,   1952 

Jan.  1,   1953 

Feb.  1,   1953 

Mar.  1,   1953 

Apr.  1,   1953 

May  1,   1953 

June  1,   1953 

Percentage   Distribution   of   Employees   of   Re- 
porting Establishments  at  June  1,  1953 


158 
165 
165 

IMS 
180 
184 
181 
177' 
178' 
177 
177 
182 
185< 
188 
190 
192 
192 

102 
187' 
182 
182 
182 
1 83 
188 


146-5 
161-0 
157-0 
173-1 
176-8 
193-4 
175-2 
183-4 
160-6 
213-4 
175-6 
191-7 
199-4 
207-9 
209-2 
205-4 
199-8 
199-0 
184-4 
176-5 
167-6 
168-0 
176-2 
195-0 


137-2 
148-4 
149-0 
142-5 
149-4 
155-0 
149-2 
150-9 
146-7 
148-9 
146-2 
151-5 
160-6 
160-4 
163-8 
163-6 
160-2 
158-0 
154-5 
151-1 
146-7 
145-5 
146-6 
151-8 


172-7 
174-2 
165-6 
169-9 
180-5 
181-3 
190-7 
186-3 
185-3 
192-4 
167-4 
174-6 
178-6 
172-3 
183-5 
186-0 
177-1 
180-9 
178-9 
167-3 
164-3 
161-3 
158-6 
166-7 


150-9 
156-2 
154-3 
155-0 
168-5 
175-0 
171-7 
169-0 
169-6 
166-4 
164-2 
170-9 
177-3 
183-5 
179-3 
182-1 
182-8 
183-1 
175-6 
171-3 
170-6 
169-1 
171-1 
175-7 


163-9 
171-2 
173-1 
177-7 
191-0 
193-8 
190-3 
187-6 
187-5 
187-6 
188-3 
191-6 
196-5 
195-9 
198-3 
200-7 
200-4 
200-7 
198-2 
195-7 
195-4 
196-0 
196-3 
199-5 


156-0 
162-0 
166-7 
168-0 
173-2 
176-7 
173-0 
169-1 
167-8 
168-8 
170-9 
176-6 
179-2 
182-7 
182-7 
183-0 
182-6 
183-9 
177-9 
173-3 
170-9 
171-5 
174-7 
179-8 


135-8 
139-0 
139-7 
140-8 
148-1 
155-7 
152-1 
142-4 
141-7 
142-0 
147-3 
158-5 
162-3 
166-1 
164-2 
162-4 
164-2 
164-7 
158-5 
148-4 
147-6 
147-7 
152-5 
161-8 


158-9 
168-9 
180-3 
188-5 
202-6 
217-9 
206-0 
201-7 
201-8 
201-6 
207-0 
214-1 
222-4 
231-5 
235-3 
230-7 
231-3 
231-6 
226-6 
219-3 
221-3 
219-3 
222-9 
231-9 


100-0 


0-2 


3-5 


29-0 


43-2 


5-2 


2-4 


5-0 


174-1 
181-6 
179-3 
180-7 
190-3 
191-3 
186-4 
179-9 
183-9 
188-6 
192-7 
195-1 
171-2 
183-9 
201-9 
206-3 
205-2 
200-8 
190-7 
181-1 
183-1 
187-5 
190-9 
196-9 


9-1 


Note. — The  percentage  distribution  given  above  shows  the  proportion  of  employees  in  the  indicated  province,  to  the 
total  number  of  employees  reported  in  Canada  by  the  firms  making  returns  at  the  latest  date. 

TABLE  C-2.— EMPLOYMENT,  PAYROLLS  AND  WEEKLY  WAGES  AND  SALARIES 

(1939  =  100)        (The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision) 
Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 


Year  and  Month 


Industrial  Composite1 


Index  Numbers 


Employ- 
ment 


Aggregate 
Weekly 
Payrolls 


Average 
Wages  and 
Salaries 


Average 

weekly 

Wages  and 

Salaries 


Manufacturing 


Index  Numbers 


Employ- 

Aggregate 
Weeklv 

ment 

Payrolls 

100-0 

1000 

171-0 

272-7 

176-0 

314-1 

175-9 

339-2 

177-5 

360-2 

190-0 

427-6 

192-4 

474-0 

183-6 

417-8 

185-2 

449-9 

187-3 

458-0 

188-3 

467-2 

188-7 

468-4 

190-9 

470-1 

191-4 

470-1 

194-1 

474-6 

198-5 

490-9 

200-8 

503  0 

199-8 

505-7 

199-6 

512-2 

196-3 

473-2 

197-6 

510-3 

199-5 

518-7 

200-1 

522-2 

200.8 

523-9 

202-4 

528-5 

Average 

Wages  and 

Salaries 


Average 

Weekly 

Wages  and 

Salaries 


1939— Average. 


-Average. . . 
-Average . . . 
-Average . . . 
-Average. . 
-Average. . . 
-Average. . . 

1952. 

1952. 

1952. 

1952. 

1952. 

1952. 

1952. 

1952. 

1952. 

1952. 

1952. 

1952. 

1953. 

1953. 

1953. 

1953. 

1953. 

1953. 


1947- 

1948- 

1949- 

1950- 

1951- 

1952- 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June 


100-0 


158 
165 
165 


1st 
181 
177 
17S 
177 
177 
1S2 
185 
188 
190 
L92 
1!I2 
1!I2 
1S7 
182 
182 
182 
is:; 
iss 


100-0 

245-2 
282-9 
303-7 
321-8 
381-3 
426-1 
388-8 
402-9 
409-0 
411-5 
410-6 
420-2 
426-3 
433-3 
442-7 
452-2 
455-8 
459-5 
428-7 
441-1 
445-0 
444-4 
450-0 
462-7 


100-0 

154-4 
170-9 
183-3 
191-3 
211-6 
230-9 
215-1 
226-9 
230-2 
231-7 
231-8 
230-7 
230-2 
229-9 
232-7 
235-2 
237-4 
239-4 
229-6 
242-0 
244-9 
244-6 
245-4 
246-3 


% 
23.44 

36.19 
40.06 
42.96 
44.84 
49.61 
54.13 
50.42 
53.19 
53.95 
54.32 
54.34 
54.08 
53.96 
53.89 
54.55 
55.12 
55.65 
56.12 
53.81 
56.72 
57.40 
57.33 
57.52' 
57.73 


100-0 

159-5 
178-5 
192-9 
202-8 
224-9 
246-2 
227-4 
242-9 
244-5 
248-1 
248-1 
246-2 
245-5 
244-4 
247-3 
250-5 
253-0 
256-5 
241-0 
258-1 
260-0 
260-8 
260-8 
261-0 


S 
22.79 

36.34 
40.67 
43.97 
46.21 
51.25 
56.11 
51.82 
55.36 
55.73 
56.55 
56.55 
56.10 
55.95 
55.71 
56.36 
57.09 
57.66 
58.46 
54.93 
58.83 
59.25 
59.44 
59.44 
59.48 


1  Includes  (1)  Forestry  (chiefly  logging).  (2)  Mining  (including  milling),  quarrying  and  oil  wells.  (3)  Manufacturing. 
(4)  Construction,  (5)  Transportation,  storage  and  communication.  (6)  Public  utility  operation.  (7)  Trade.  (8)  Finance, 
insurance  and  real  estate  and  (9)  Service,  (mainly  hotels,  restaurants,  laundries,  dry  cleaning  plants,  business  and  recre- 
ational service). 

1370 


TABLE  C-3.— AREA  AND  INDUSTRY  SUMMARY  OF  EMPLOYMENT,  PAYROLLS 
AND  AVERAGE  WEEKLY  WAGES  AND  SALARIES 

(1939  =  100) 

Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 


Area  and  Industry 


Index  Numbers  (1939  =  100) 


EMPLOyMENT 


June  1      May  1     June  1 
1953  1953  1952 


PAyROLLS 


June  1     May  1     June  1 
1953  1953  1952 


Average  Weekly 
Wages  and  Salaries 


June  1 
1953 


May  1 
1953 


(a)  Provinces 

Prince  Edward  Island 

Nova  Scotia 

New  Brunswick 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Manitoba 

Saskatchewan 

Alberta 

British  Columbia 

CANADA 

(b)  Metropolitan  Areas 

Sydney 

Halifax 

Saint  John 

Quebec 

Sherbrooke 

Three  Rivers 

Drummondville 

Montreal 

Ottawa— Hull 

Peterborough 

Oshawa 

Niagara  Falls 

St.  Catharines 

Toronto 

Hamilton 

Brantford 

Gait 

Kitchener 

Sudbury , 

London 

Sarnia 

Windsor 

Sault  Ste.  Marie 

Ft.  William— Pt.  Arthur 

Winnipeg 

Regina 

Saskatoon 

Edmonton 

Calgary 

Vancouver 

Victoria 

(c)  Industries 

Forestry  (chiefly  logging) 

Mining 

Manufacturing 

Durable  Goods  1 

Non-Durable  Goods 

Construction 

Transportation,      storage,      communi 

cation 

Public  utility  operation 

Trade 

Finance,  insurance  and  real  estate 

Service  2 

Industrial  composite 


195-0 
151-8 
166-7 
175-7 
199-5 
179-8 
161-8 
231-9 
196-9 

188-3 


110- 

206- 

166- 

166- 

1( 

171- 

174- 

190- 

191- 

190- 

307- 

318- 

244- 

211- 

2( 

lj 

168- 

184- 

183- 

209- 

313- 

246- 

262- 

241 

177- 

180- 

202- 

319- 

233- 

204- 

232- 


129-8 
121-6 
202-4 
265-8 
161-6 
190-8 


182-6 
181-6 
193-8 


■1 

109- 

•1 

204- 

■0 

164- 

•6 

165- 

•9 

168- 

•1 

164- 

•7 

174- 

■3 

188- 

•9 

189- 

■0 

193- 

•ti 

307- 

•1 

314- 

•6 

243- 

•0 

209- 

•ti 

207- 

•7 

190- 

■3 

167- 

•4 

184- 

•8 

185- 

•3 

204- 

-7 

312- 

■0 

246- 

•9 

260- 

•6 

235- 

■  6 

176- 

•3 

177- 

•8 

198- 

•1 

306- 

-4 

229- 

•6 

200- 

•0 

230- 

176-2 
146-6 
158-6 
171-1 
196-3 
174-7 
152-5 
222-9 
190-9 

183  5 


90-9 
120-6 
200-8 
263-3 
160-5 
175-6 

183-4 
194-9 
180-0 
181-1 
189-1 

183-5 


191-7 
151-5 
174-6 
170-9 
191-6 
176-6 
158-5 
214-1 
195-1 


182-5 


112-3 
201-8 
170-9 
156-5 
170-6 
178-4 
178-3 
180-3 
188-8 
197-9 
254-4 
274-6 
242-8 
197-8 
204-2 
210-1 
152-4 
170-9 
177-4 
192-6 
321-3 
218-1 
246-0 
239-9 
173-8 
168-2 
196-6 
268-3 
224-6 
203-5 
224-8 


156-6 
124-6 
190-9 
246-6 
155-0 
192-3 

186-9 


194 
174 
179 

188 


446-7 
343-2 
399-2 
451-7 
487-2 
387-3 
367-2 
544-1 


462-7 


287-5 
410-2 
353-5 
421-7 
412-9 
451-4 
472-1 
464-3 
429-7 
548-1 
869-0 
926-2 
668-0 
500-9 


536 

522 

441] 

481 

444 

487 

793-1 

608-3 

680-3 

586-8 

377-4 

397-8 

457-6 

814-3 

505-2 

483-2 

545-6 


428-7 
288-8 
528-5 
700-4 
405-2 
614-9 

408-2 
447-6 
406-3 
324-7 
429-7 


405-4 
337-9 
385-5 
438-6 
477-8 
374-1 
341-2 
513-3 
468-4 

450-0 


182-5 


462-7 


311-1 

284-5 
523-9 
694-1 
401-8 
557-9 

393-3 
429-2 
399-9 
324-1 
420-5 

450-0 


404-9 
326-0 


383' 
413. 
438' 
357' 
334  ■ 
464. 


452-3 
420-2 


292-6 

293- 

412-1 

376- 

344-3 

336- 

418-3 

367- 

409-4 

396- 

433-8 

446- 

476-5 

440- 

459-5 

413- 

419-5 

398- 

547-7 

541- 

876-0 

699- 

924-5 

708- 

664-0 

638- 

497-0 

446- 

531-3 

502- 

529-8 

587- 

441-0 

381- 

476-2 

418- 

432-5 

394- 

472-3 

426- 

805-9 

766- 

616-3 

431- 

629-9 

596- 

560-4 

546- 

373-5 

351- 

389-3 

355- 

442-5 

417- 

767-5 

593- 

493-6 

464- 

472-1 

459- 

544-1 

520- 

481-5 
282-3 
470-1 
607-6 
371-2 
562-3 

368-7 
409-3 
370-3 
305-4 
384-3 

420-2 


45.57 

48.47 
48.69 
54.70 
59.82 
55.38 
54.94 
59.69 
64.56 

57.73 


58.38 
46.73 
45.66 
47.11 
47.52 
52.82 
51.76 
55.76 
51.79 
60.93 
66.69 
70.35 
66.95 
59.96 
62.16 
57.49 
54.11 
55.48 
72.59 
55.06 
69.99 
68.84 
68.62 
62.09 
51.85 
50.23 
49.89 
60.09 
55.79 
59.22 
56.34 


57.30 
68.55 
59.48 
64.02 
54.67 
60.62 

62.02 
65.90 
48.61 
52.06 
37.24 

57.73 


45.77 
49.43 
49.44 
54.56 
59.65 
55.05 
54.15 
58.57 
63.81 

57.52 


59.54 
47.20 
44.95 
47.04 
47.15 
52.82 
52.37 
55.71 
51.29 
59.70 
67.22 
71.03 
66.91 
59.91 
61.88 
57.85 
54.15 
54.97 
70.14 
54.79 
71.39 
69.70 
64.14 
60.95 
51.81 
50.06 
49.36 
59.02 
55.46 
59.05 
56.51 


59.37 
68.10 
59.44 
64.04 
54.58 
59.80 

61.32 
64.85 
48.55 
52.11 
37.35 

57.52 


1  Includes  wood  products,  iron  and  steel  products,  transportation  equipment,  non-ferrous  metal  products,  electrical 
apparatus  and  supplies  and  non-metallic  mineral  products.  The  non-durable  group  includes  the  remaining  manufacturing 
industries. 

2  Mainly  hotels,  restaurants,  laundries,  dry  cleaning  plants  and  business  and  recreational  services. 


1371 


Tables  C-4  to  C-6  are  based  on  reports  from  a  somewhat  smaller  number  of  firms  than  Tables  C-l  to  C-3. 
They  relate  only  to  wage-earners  for  whom  statistics  of  hours  of  work  are  also  available;  whereas  Tables  C-l  to 
C-3  relate  to  salaried  employees  as  well  as  to  all  wage-earners  of  the  co-operative  firms. 

TABLE  C-4.— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  IN  MANUFACTURING 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage-Earners)        Source:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings,  D.B.S. 


Year  and   Month 


All  Manufactures 


Average 
Hours 


Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 


Average 
Weekly 
Wages 


Durable  Goods 


Average 
Hours 


Average 
Hourly 

Earnings 


Average 
Weekly 
Wages 


Non-Durable  Goods 


Average 
Hours 


Average 
Hourly 

Earnings 


Average 
Weekl  y 
Wages 


1945- 
1946- 
1947- 
1948— 
1949- 
1950- 
1951— 
1952- 

*Jan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Apr. 
May 
June 
July 
Aug. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Dec. 

*Jan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Apr. 
May 
June 


-Average . 
-Average. 
-Average. 
-Average. 
■Average . 
-Average. 
-Average. 
Average. 


1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 

1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 


No. 

44-3 

42-7 
42-5 
42-2 
42-3 
42-3 
41-8 
41-5 

38-1 
41-6 
41-7 
42-1 
41-9 
41-3 
41-3 
41-1 
41-6 
42-1 
42-1 
42-5 

38-3 

41-9 
42-1 
42-1 
41-8 
41-7 


cts. 

69-4 
70-0 
80-3 
91-3 
98-6 
103-6 
116-8 
129-2 

127-1 
127-1 
127-8 


129-0 
129-4 
129-7 
128-6 
128-9 
129-5 
129-9 
131-0 
132-1 

134-0 
134-2 
134-4 
134-9 
135-5 
135-9 


30.74 
29.87 
34.13 
38-53 
41.71 
43.62 
48.82 
53.62 

48.43 
52.87 
53.29 
54.31 
54.22 
53.57 
53.11 
52.98 
53.87 
54.69 
55.15 
56.14 

51.32 
56.23 

56.58 
56.79 
56.64 
56.67 


No. 

44-7 
42.8 
42.7 
42-3 
42-5 
42-5 
42-0 
41-6 

38-3 
41-9 
41-8 
42-3 
42-1 
41-4 
41-4 
41-1 
41-8 
42-2 
42-1 
42-6 

38-5 
41-9 
42-4 
42-3 
42-2 
42-1 


cts. 

76-7 
76-4 
87-2 
98-4 
106-5 
112-0 
125-8 
139-8 

136-4 
137-5 

138-4 
139-6 


i:-;o 
139 
138 
139 

141  • 
141 

142 
143 


144-5 
145-7 
146-3 
146-7 
146-8 
147-0 


34.28 
32.70 
37.23 
41.62 
45.26 
47.60 
52.84 
58.16 

52.24 
57.61 
57.85 
59.05 
58.73 
57.79 
57.26 
57.29 
59.02 
59.84 
60.03 
61.17 

55.63 
61.05 
62.03 
62.05 
61.95 
61.89 


No. 

43 

42 
42 
42 
42 
42 
41 
41 

37 

41 
41 
41 
41 
41 
41 
41 
41 
42 
42 
42 

38 

41 

41 
41 
41 
41 


cts . 

60-7 
63.8 
73-4 
84-0 
90-6 
95-2 
107-2 
117-4 

116-8 
115-7 

116-0 
116-9 
117-8 
118-4 
117-9 
117-5 
116-8 
117-0 
118-4 
119-3 

121-8 
120-8 
120-7 
121-3 
122-4 
123-0 


26.53 
27.18 
31.05 
35.28 
38.05 
40.17 
44.70 
48.49 

44.27 
47.67 
48.14 
48.86 
49.00 
48.90 
48.57 
48.29 
48.36 
49.14 
49.85 
50.34 

46.53 
50.49 
50.33 

50.70 

.50.  Ml 
50.80 


The  averages  at  these  dates  were  affected  by  loss  of  working  time  at  the  year-end  holidays  in  the  case  of  January  1 . 


TARLE  C-5.— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  IN  MANUFACTURING  BY  PROVINCES 

AND  CITIES 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage  Earners)        Source:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings,  D.B.S. 


Average  Hours  Worked 

Average 

Hourly 
(in  cents) 

Earnings 

June   1, 
1953 

May  1, 
1953 

June  1, 
1952 

June  1, 
1953 

May  1, 
1953 

June  1, 
1952 

41-5 
41-0 
42-5 
43-0 
41-5 
40-4 
40-9 
40-5 
38-5 

42-0 
40-9 
40-2 
42-1 
40-1 
38-4 

42-2 
42-0 
42-5 
43-3 
41-4 
40-9 
40-8 
40-5 
38-5 

42-3 
41-0 
40-4 
43-0 
40-6 
•38-4 

44-7 
41-4 
42-6 
42-8 
40-6 
410 
420 
40-7 
39-0 

41-9 
40-8 
401 
31-7 
40-7 
38-7 

137-3 
120-8 
118-3 

121-3 
143-9 

131-4 
135-8 
140-7 
164-7 

127-9 
143-7 
1560 
164-4 
130-3 
161-9 

133-2 
121-4 
120-6 
121-1 
143-5 
131-1 
134-3 
139-6 
164-6 

127-8 
143-2 
155-3 
165-3 
129-9 
160-8 

125-2 

115-0 

New  Brunswick 

111-0 

1160 

137-5 

122-8 

Saskatchewan 

Alberta 

132-4 
130-9 

British  Columbia 

158-3 

Montreal 

Toronto 

121-1 
136-3 
151-2 

161-1 

121-0 

156-7 

1372 


TABLE  C-6.— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  BY  INDUSTRY 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage-Earners) 

Source:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings,  D.B.S. 

(The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision) 


Industry 


Average  Hours 


June  1  May  1  June  1 
1953      1953      1952 


Average  Hourly 

Earnings 


June  1  May  1  June  1 
1953      1953      1952 


Average  Weekly 
Wages 


June  1  May  1  June  1 
1953      1953      1952 


Mining 

Metal  mining 

Gold 

Other  metal 

Fuels 

Coal 

Oil  and  natural  gas 

Non-metal 

Manufacturing 

Food  and  beverages 

Meat  products 

Canned  and  preserved  fruits  and  vegetables 

Grain  mill  products 

Bread  and  other  bakery  products 

Distilled  and  malt  liquors 

Tobacco  and  tobacco  products 

Rubber  products 

Leather  products 

Boots  and  shoes  (except  rubber) 

Textile  products  (except  clothing) 

Cotton  yarn  and  woven  goods 

Woollen  goods 

Synthetic  textiles  and  silk 

Clothing  (textile  and  fur) 

Men's  clothing 

Women's  clothing 

Knit  goods 

*Wood  products 

Saw  and  planing  mills 

Furniture 

Other  wood  products 

Paper  products 

Pulp  and  paper  mills 

Other  paper  products 

Printing,  publishing  and  allied  industries 

*Iron  and  steel  products 

Agricultural  implements 

Fabricated  and  structural  steel 

Hardware  and  tools 

Heating  and  cooking  appliances 

Iron  castings 

Machinery  manufacturing 

Primary  iron  and  steel 

Sheet  metal  products 

Transportation  equipment 

Aircraft  and  parts 

Motor  vehicles 

Motor  vehicle  parts  and  accessories 

Railroad  and  rolling  stock  equipment 

Shipbuilding  and  repairing 

*  Non-ferrous  metal  products 

Aluminum  products 

Brass  and  copper  products 

Smelting  and  refining 

*Electrical  apparatus  and  supplies 

Heavy  electrical  machinery  and  equipment 

*  Non-metallic  mineral  products 

Clay  products 

Glass  and  glass  products 

Products  of  petroleum  and  coal 

Chemical  products 

Medicinal  and  pharmaceutical  preparations. 

Acids,  alkalis  and  salts 

Miscellaneous  manufacturing  industries 

*Durable  goods 

Non-durable  goods 

Construction 

Buildings  and  structures 

Highways,  bridges  and  streets 

Electric  and  motor  transportation 

Service 

Hotels  and  restaurants 

Laundries  and  dry  cleaning  plants 


no. 

43  0 

45-2 

46-4 

44-4 

38-5 

37-2 

43-0 

43-1 

41-7 

41-6 

40-2 

37-7 

43-5 

44-6 

41-9 

42-3 

41-9 

40-7 

40-2 

41-6 

38-3 

43-8 

44-9 

38-4 

38-8 

35-5 

40-1 

42-6 

42-1 

43-4 

43-8 

44-0 

44-4 

42-6 

40-3 

42-0 

39-4 

41-6 

42-9 

41-2 

42-9 

43-0 

41-2 

41-1 

42-0 

43-4 

42-9 

42-0 

39-4 

43-3 

41- 

42-0 

41-8 

41-5 

41-3 

41-3 

44-1 

45-2 

44-7 

41-6 

41 

41-5 

41-6 

41-8 

42-1 

41-3 

42-1 

41-7 

40-2 

45-2 

42-3 

42 

42-5 


42  3 

43-7 

45-7 
42-3 
39-9 
38-8 
44-1 
42-0 
41  3 
42-5 
41-9 
37-7 
45-8 
44-8 
41-7 
41-8 
40-5 
39-5 
39-1 
40-7 
36-8 
42-9 
43-3 
38-0 
38-4 
35-7 
38-6 
41-7 
41-1 
42-7 
43-2 
44-4 
45-3 
41-5 
39-8 
42-2 
41-2 
42-3 
42-4 
42-1 
42-4 
43-2 
41 


43-7 

32-2 

41-0 

39-8 

43-1 

41-3 

43-3 

42-5 

40-7 

41-1 

41-0 

44-8 

45 

45-7 

41-8 

42-3 

41-2 

42-3 

41-3 

41-4 

41-3 

41-8 

41-2 

42-2 

44- 

42-9 

43-9 

41-5 


65.83 

70.51 
62.32 
75.52 
58.67 
55.43 
70.09 
61.12 
56.67 
48.34 
57.53 
37.89 
55.77 
46.52 
59.12 
55.96 
60.13 
39.32 
37.31 
44.76 
42.09 
44.33 
49.70 
36.36 
36.24 
35.04 
38.38 
51.16 
53.68 
47.70 
45.68 
66.40 
71.53 
51.25 
64.28 
64.39 
64.14 
67.97 
59.03 
55.83 
64.22 
62.31 
70.25 
58.20 
65.77 
67.18 
71.99 
66.07 
62.09 
63.43 
63.05 
59.60 
59.86 
67.65 
58.94 
64.72 
59.67 
56.05 
59.09 
76.00 
57.43 
47.02 
65.06 
46.40 
61.89 
50.80 
60.08 
65.01 
44.94 
61.16 
32.99 
33.14 
31.96 


65  17 

69.55 
62.09 
74.17 
58.29 
55.24 
70.09 
61.48 
56.64 
48.27 
58.05 
40.66 
52.02 
45.94 
58.56 
55.47 
59.99 
39.61 
37.94 
45.15 
43.02 
44.27 
49.50 
37.26 
37.52 
35.89 
39.21 
50.69 
53.11 
47.59 
45.32 
65.88 
71.28 
50.42 
63.59 
63.68 
64.79 
67.03 
58.17 
55.79 
64.61 
61.90 
67.84 
58.30 
66.87 
67.05 
74.11 
66.17 
64.77 
63.90 
62.48 
60.01 
59.99 
66.87 
59.28 
64.91 
58.52 
55.92 
58.79 
76.45 
58.15 
46.40 
65.01 
46.59 
61.95 
50.80 
59.16 
64.06 
43.49 
60.66 
32.96 
33.33 
31.35 


*Durable  manufactured  goods  industries. 


1373 


TABLE  C-7. 


EARNINGS,  HOURS  AND  REAL  EARNINGS  FOR  WAGE  EARNERS  IN 
MANUFACTURING  INDUSTRIES  IN  CANADA 


Source:  Hours  Worked  and  Hourly  and  Weekly  Wages,  D.B.S.  Real  Wages  computed  by  the  Economics  and  Research 

Branch,  Department  of  Labour 


Date 


Average 

Hours 

Worked 

Per   week 


Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 


Average 
Weekly 

Earnings 
(W.E.) 


Index  Numbers  (A v.  1949  =  100) 


Average 
Weekly 
Earnings 


Consumer 
Price 
Index 


Average 

Real 
Weekly 
Earnings 


Monthly  Average  1945.  . . 
Monthly  Average  1946.  . . 
Monthly  Average  1947.  . . 
Monthly  Average  1948.  . . 
Monthly  Average  1949.  . . 
Monthly  Average  1950. . . 
Monthly  Average  1951.  . . 
Monthly  Average  1952.  . . 

Week  Preceding: 

June  1,1952... 

July  1,1952... 

August  1,1952.... 
September  1,  1952. . . 
October  1,1952... 
November  1,  1952... 
December  1,  1952... 

January  1,  1953. . . 

February  1,1953... 

March  1,1953... 

April  1,1953... 

May  1,1953... 

June  1,  1953  (») 


44-3 
42-7 
42-5 
42-2 
42-3 
42-5 
42-1 
41-7 


41-3 
41-3 
41-1 
41-6 
42-1 
42-1 
42-5 

42-2= 
41-9 
42-1 
42-1 
41-8 
41-7 


70-0 
80-3 
91-3 
98-6 
103-6 
116-8 
129-2 


129-7 
128-6 
128-9 
129-5 
129-9 
131-0 
132-1 

134-0 
134-2 
134-4 
134-9 
135-5 
135-9 


30.71 
29.87 
34.13 
38.53 
41.71 
44.03 
49.15 
53.88 


53.57 
53.11 
52.98 
53.87 
54.69 
55.15 
56.14 

56.55 
56.23 
56.58 
56.79 
56.64 
56.67 


73-6 
71-6 
81-8 
92-4 
100-0 
105-6 
117-8 
129-2 


128-4 
127-3 
127-0 
129-2 
131-1 
132-2 
134-5 

135-6 
134-8 
135-7 
136-2 
135-8 
135-9 


75-0 
77-5 
84-8 
97-0 
100-0 
102-9 
113-7 
116-5 


116-0 
116-1 
116-0 
116-1 
116-0 
116-1 
115-8 

115-7 
115-5 
114-6 
114-4 
114-9 
115-4 


92 


95-3 
100-0 
102-6 
103-6 
110-9 


110-7 
109-6 
109-5 
111-3 
113-0 
113-9 
116-1 

117-2 

116-7 
118-4 
119-1 
118-2 
117-8 


Note:  Average  Real  Weekly  Earnings  were  computed  by  dividing  the  Consumer  Price  Index  into  the  average 
weekly  earnings  index.    (Average  1949  =  100). 

*  Figures  adjusted  for  holidays.   The  actual  figures  are:  January  1,  1953,  38-3  hours,  $51.32. 
0)  Latest  figures  subject  to  revision. 


1374 


D — National  Employment  Service  Statistics 


Tables  D-l  to  D-5  are  based  on  regular 
statistical  reports  from  local  offices  of  the 
National  Employment  Service.  These 
statistics  are  compiled  from  two  different 
reporting  forms,  UIC  751:  statistical  report 
on  employment  operations  by  industry,  and 
UIC  757:  inventory  of  registrations  and 
vacancies  by  occupation.  The  data  on 
applicants  and  vacancies  in  these  two 
reporting  forms  are  not  identical. 

Form  UIC  751:  This  form  provides  a 
cumulative  total  for  each  month  of  all 
vacancies  notified  by  employers,  applications 
made  by  workers,  and  referrals  and  place- 
ments made  by  the  National  Employment 
Service.  Also  reported  are  the  number  of 
vacancies  unfilled  and  applications  on  file 
at  the  beginning  and  end  of  each  reporting 
period.  Because  the  purpose  of  these  data 
is  to  give  an  indication  of  the  volume  of 
work  performed  in  various  local  National 
Employment  Service  offices,  all  vacancies 
and  applications  are  counted,  even  if  the 
vacancy  is  not  to  be  filled  until  some  future 
date  (deferred  vacancy)  or  the  application 
is  from  a  person  who  already  has  a  job 
and  wants  to  find  a  more  suitable  one. 

Form  UIC  757:  This  form  provides  a 
count  of  the  number  of  jobs  available  _  and 
applications  on  file  at  the  end  of  business 
on  a  specified  day.  Excluded  from  the  data 
on  unfilled  vacancies  are  orders  from 
employers  not  to  be  filled  until  some  future 
date.  The  data  on  job  applications  from 
workers  exclude   those   people   known   to   be 


already  employed,  those  known  to  be  regis- 
tered at  more  than  one  local  office  (the 
registration  is  counted  by  the  "home"  office), 
and  registrations  from  workers  who  will  not 
be  available  until  some  specified  future  date. 

From  January  24,  1952,  to  December  24, 
1952,  inclusive,  unemployment  insurance 
claimants  on  temporary  mass  lay-offs  were 
not  registered  for  employment  and  thus  were 
not  included  in  the  statistics  reported  on 
form  UIC  751  and  form  UIC  757.  A 
temporary  mass  lay-off  was  defined  as  a 
lay-off  either  for  a  determinate  or  indeter- 
minate period  which  affected  50  or  more 
workers  and  where  the  workers  affected,  so 
far  as  was  known,  were  returning  to  work 
with  the  same  employer.  Commencing  15 
days  after  the  date  of  such  a  lay-off, 
claimants  still  on  the  live  insurance  register 
were  registered  for  employment  on  their  next 
visit  to  the  office  and  henceforth  were 
counted  in  both  statistical  reporting  forms. 
This  procedure  is  no  longer  in  effect,  as  all 
workers  on  temporary  mass  lay-offs  now  are 
registered  for  employment  and  so  counted  in 
the  statistical  reporting  forms.  This  change 
in  procedure  should  be  kept  in  mind  when 
comparing  the  figures  on  applications  for 
employment  during  1952  with  data  for 
earlier  and  subsequent  periods. 

Persons  losing  several  days'  work  each 
week  and  consequently  claiming  short-time 
unemployment  insurance  benefits  are  not 
included  in  either  statistical  reporting  form 
unless  they  specifically  ask  to  be  registered 
for  employment. 


TABLE  D-l.— UNFILLED  VACANCIES  AND  LIVE  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EMPLOYMENT 

(Sotjkce:  Form  U.I.C.  757) 


Month 


Unfilled  Vacancies* 


Female 


Total 


Live  Applications  for  Employment 


Male 


Female 


Total 


Date  Nearest: 

August  1,  1947 

August  1,  1948 

August  1,  1949 

August  1,  1950 

August  1,  1951 

August  1,  1952 

September  1,  1952 
October  1,  1952... 
November  1,  1952 
December  1,  1952. 

January  1,  1953 

February  1,  1953.. 

March  1,  1953 

April  1,  1953 

May  1,  1953 

June  1,  1953 

July  1,  1953  (i).... 

August  1,  1953  0). 


58,862 
30,499 
18,043 
26,391 
39,951 

23,413 
26,178 
29,058 
23,846 
19,544 
12,051 
12,235 
13,604 
18,545 
24,982 
24,564 

21,229 

19,382 


31,219 
19,709 
19,313 
13,582 
14,570 

17,212 
20,870 
20,685 
18,092 
15,738 
12,143 
13,264 
13,799 
16,368 
19,142 
21,143 

20,088 

17,772 


90,081 
50,208 
37,356 
39,973 
54,521 

40,625 
47,048 
49,743 
41,938 
35,282 
24,194 
25,499 
27,403 
34,913 
44,124 
45,707 

41,317 

37,154 


69,314 
63,558 
97,154 
99,100 
80,456 

118,318 
105,169 
93,699 
99,383 
142,788 
254,660 
317,723 
331,618 
338,500 
241,990 
152,488 

124,396 

111,524 


29,577 
32,715 
42,090 
58,188 
49,511 

57,396 
51,121 
49,140 
49,258 
51,725 
60,901 
73,213 
72,065 
66,702 
57,397 
49,614 

55,918 

52,357 


98,891 
96,273 
139,244 
157,288 
129,967 

175,714 
156,290 
142,839 
148,641 
194,513 
315,561 
390,936 
403,683 
405,202 
299,387 
202,102 

180,314 

163,881 


*  Current  vacancies  only.    Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 
C1)  Latest  figures  subject  to  revision. 


1375 


TABLE   D-2.— UNFILLED  VACANCIES  BY  INDUSTRY  AND  BY  SEX  AS   AT 

JUNE  30,  1953(0 

(Source:    Form    U.I.C.    751) 


Male 

Female 

Total 

Change  from 

Industry 

May  28, 

1953 

July  3, 
1952 

Agriculture,  Fishing,  Trapping 

1,818 

975 

785 

467 

187 

55 

14 

62 

5,378 

608 
3 

42 
134 
111 
339 
751 
126 
316 
749 
915 
217 
424 
101 

38 
363 
141 

3,999 

3,108 
891 

1,337 

1,199 
67 
91 

120 

3,126 

1.087 
2,039 

1,421 

3,328 

585 
994 
219 
379 
1,151 

22,287 

879 
5 

34 

18 
2 

7 

2,697 
980 

819 

485 

189 

62 

14 

69 

9,348 

1,110 

8 

78 

366 

373 

1,974 
855 
202 
474 
932 

1,041 
323 
626 
147 
53 
518 
268 

4,118 

3.185 
933 

1,635 

1,339 
97 
199 

155 

6,412 

1,779 
4,633 

2,357 

14,296 

2,279 

1,675 

364 

786 

9,192 

42,817 

+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

+ 

+ 
+ 

135 
511 

99 

27 

8 

49 

8 

738 

218 
1 
15 
24 
42 
87 

139 
62 
36 

100 

292 
46 

22 

23 
38 
118 

343 

324 
19 

584 

473 

20 

91 

117 

886 
209 

677 

446 

938 

357 

539 

14 

183 

587 

1,797 

+      575 

Forestry 

—  1,100 

Mining,  Quarrying  and  Oil  Wells 

-      159 

Fuels 

Non-Metal  Mining 

7 

3,970 

502 
5 

36 
232 
262 
1,635 
104 

76 
158 
183 
126 
106 
202 

46 

15 
155 
127 

119 

77 
42 

298 
140 

30 
128 

35 

3,286 

692 

2,594 

936 

10,968 

1,694 
681 
145 
407 

8,041 

20,530 

Manufacturing 

+      858 

Wood  Products 

Printing,  Publishing  and  Allied  Industries 

Chemical  Products 

Construction 

-  1,067 

Transportation,  Storage  and  Communication 

Note(2) 

Public  Utility  Operation 

Trade 

+  1,959 

Retail... 

Finance,  Insurance  and  Real  Estate 

-f  1,030 

Service 

+      108 

Recreation  Service 

Business  Service 

Personal  Service 

Grand  Total  

+  2,360 

(')  Preliminary — subject  to  revision. 

Current  vacancies  only.     Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 

(2)  Commencing  January  2,  1953,  the  Standard  Industrial  Classification  Manual  of  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statis- 
tics replaced  the  Industrial  Classification  Manual  of  the  Department  of  Labour.  Since  there  is  a  difference  in  the 
grouping  of  the  two  industry  divisions — Transportation,  Storage  and  Communication,  and  Public  Utility  Operation — 
the  change  in  these  divisions  can  only  be  recorded  in  the  Grand  Total. 


1376 


TABLE  D-3.— UNFILLED  VACANCIES  AND  LIVE  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EMPLOYIV1ENT 
BY  OCCUPATION  AND  BY  SEX  AS  AT  JULY  2,  1953(0 

(Source:  Form  U.I.C.  757) 


Occupational  Group 


Professional  and  managerial  workers 

Clerical  workers 

Sales  workers 

Personal  and  domestic  service  workers . 

Seamen 

Agriculture  and  fishing 

Skilled  and  semiskilled  workers 

Food     and     kindred     products     (inc 

tobacco) 

Textiles,  clothing,  etc 

Lumber  and  wood  products 

Pulp,  paper  (inc.  printing) 

Leather  and  leather  products 

Stone,  clay  and  glass  products 

Metal  working 

Electrical 

Transportation  equipment 

Mining 

Construction 

Transportation  (except  seamen) 

Communications  and  public  utility. . . 

Trade  and  service 

Other  skilled  and  semi  skilled 

Foremen 

Apprentices 

Unskilled  workers 

Food  and  tobacco 

Lumber  and  lumber  products 

Metalworking 

Construction 

Other  unskilled  workers 

Grand  Total 


Unfilled  Vacancies 


Male 


1,615 

2,194 

1,607 

1,534 

28 

1,870 

8,532 

108 
245 


31 


286 
21 

196 
1,920 

976 
62 

352 

1,667 

74 

152 

3,849 

306 

216 

120 

1,651 

1,556 

21,229 


Female 


972 
4,266 
1,642 


661 

2,663 

31 

1,690 

6 

26 

157 

10 

41 

113 


120 


396 

138 
15 
20 

1,278 

289 

16 

31 


942 
20,0S8 


Total 


6,460 
3,249 

10,140 

28 

2,531 

11,195 


139 
1,935 
1,214 

100 

237 

41 

1,121 

399 
21 

196 
1,920 


62 

748 

1,805 

89 
172 

5,127 

595 

232 

151 

1,651 

2,498 

41,317 


Live  Applications  for  Employment 


Male 


3,893 
7,401 
2,944 

13,540 

784 

1,191 

49,322 

543 

2,810 

6,811 

532 

603 

143 

6,100 

882 

361 

1,056 

9,992 

7,530 

322 

1,417 

7,044 

1,425 

1,751 

45,321 
1,031 
3,141 
2,665 
10,840 
27,644 

124,396 


Female 


1,031 
15,006 

7,648 

9,038 

3 

312 

13,112 

427 
8,944 

89 
272 
716 

33 
417 
289 

31 


1 

40 

6 

793 

783 

207 

64 

9,768 

1,918 

151 

301 

1 

7,397 

55,918 


Total 


4,924 

22,407 

10,592 

22,578 

787 

1,503 
62,434 

970 
11,754 
6,900 

804 
1,319 

176 
6,517 
1,171 

392 
1,056 
9,993 
7,570 

328 
2,210 
7,827 
1,632 
1,815 

55,089 
2,949 
3,292 
2,966 
10,841 
35,041 

180,314 


'Preliminary — subject  to  revision. 


1377 


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TABLE  D-5.— APPLICATIONS  RECEIVED  AND  PLACEMENTS  EFFECTED  BY 

EMPLOYMENT  OFFICES 

(Source:  Form  UIC  751) 

1943—1953 


Year 

Applications 

Placements 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Male 

Female 

Total 

1943 

1,081,411 
1,583,010 
1,855,036 
1,464,533 
1,189,646 
1,197,295 
1,295,690 
1,500,763 
1,541,208 
1,781,689 
920,138 

1,008,211 
902,273 
661,948 
494, 164 
439,577 
459,332 
494,956 
575,813 
623,467 
664,485 
348,328 

2,689,622 
2,485,283 
2,516,984 
1,958,697 
1,629,223 
1,656,627 
1,790,646 
2,076,576 
2,164,675 
2,446,174 

1,239,900 
1,101,854 
1,095,641 
624,052 
549,376 
497,916 
464,363 
559,882 
655,933 
677. 777 

704,126 
638,063 
397,940 
235,360 
220,473 
214,424 
219,816 
230,920 
262,305 
302,730 
158,770 

1,944,026 

1944 

1,739,917 

1945 

1,493,581 

1940 

859,412 

1947 

769,849 
712,340 

1948 

1949 

1950 

684,179 
790,802 
918,238 

1951 

1952 

980,507 

1953  (0  months) 

1,268,466           319,971 

478,741 

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E — Unemployment  Insurance 


TABLE  E-l.— PERSONS  RECEIVING  BENEFIT,  NUMBER  OF  DAYS  BENEFIT  PAID 

AND  AMOUNT  PAID 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Number 
Receiving 
Benefit 
in  Last 
Week  of  the 
Month* 

Month  of  June,  1953 

Province 

Number 

Com- 
mencing 
Benefit 

Number 

of  Days 

Benefit 

Paid 

Amount  of 

Benefit 

Paid 

1,573 
225 

4,464 

4,852 
35.785 
24,675 

3,908 
757 

3,628 
10,992 

976 

142 

2,822 

2,758 

20,340 

12,938 

1,424 

300 

1,356 

6,105 

76,125 

10,956 

148,594 

159,533 

1,076,069 

683,346 

117,594 

28.579 

98,572 

332,520 

% 

255,385 
31,283 

463,701 

506,234 
3,288,518 
2,071,401 

335  179 

86,177 

318,360 

1  051  833 

Total,  Canada,  June,  1953 

90,859 

49,161 

2,731,888 

8,408,071 

Total,  Canada,  May,  1953 

125,558 

60,514 

3,919,260 

12,195,255 

Total,  Canada,  June,  1952 

84,812 

41,475 

2,539,696 

6,726,957 

*  Week  containing  last  day  of  the  month. 

TABLE  E-2.— PERSONS    ON   THE  LIVE  UNEMPLOYMENT   REGISTER  BY  NUMBER 
OF  DAYS,  CONTINUOUSLY  ON  THE  REGISTER,  AS  OF  JUNE  30,  1953 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Province  and  Sex 

Total 

6  days 
and 
under 

7-12 
days 

13-24 
days 

25-48 
days 

49-72 
days 

73  days 
and 
over 

3,046 

2,850 

196 

515 
379 
136 

8,956 
7,934 
1,022 

8,080 
6,662 
1,418 

56,062 
38,415 
17,647 

37,181 
24,631 
12,550 

5,051 
2,819 
2,232 

1,212 
723 

489 

6,771 
5,670 
1,101 

15,380 
11,386 
3,994 

487 
458 
29 

93 
67 
26 

2,813 

2,660 

153 

1,436 

1,201 

235 

14,419 
10,020 
4,399 

10,962 
7,785 
3,177 

937 
556 
381 

166 
81 
85 

! ,  749 

1,476 

273 

3,548 

2,715 

833 

137 
130 

7 

43 
35 

8 

749 

679 

70 

850 
725 
125 

6,003 
3,987 
2,016 

3,518 
2,250 
1,268 

274 
122 
152 

99 
50 
49 

322 
234 

88 

1,216 
953 
263 

354 

336 

18 

78 
62 
16 

1.054 
915 
139 

1,358 

1,064 
294 

7,455 

4,871 
2,584 

4,310 
2,716 
1,594 

488 
262 
226 

125 
79 
46 

639 
488 
151 

1,959 
1,511 

44S 

613 

560 

53 

100 
72 

28 

1,442 

1,273 

169 

1,608 

1,370 

238 

8,4S0 
5,686 
2.794 

5,159 
3.121 
2,038 

745 
363 
382 

162 
93 
69 

1,368 

1.214 

154 

2,494 
1,814 

6S0 

577 
547 
30 

59 
42 
17 

931 
812 
119 

1,098 
937 
161 

7,177 
4,996 
2,181 

3.643 
2.202 
1,441 

610 
297 
313 

157 
90 

67 

1,046 
925 
121 

1,718 

1,241 
477 

878 

819 

59 

142 

101 

41 

1,967 

1,595 

372 

1,730 

1,365 

365 

12,528 

8,855 

3,673 

9,589 

6,557 

3,032 

1,997 

Male 

1,219 

778 

503 

Male 

330 

173 

1,647 

Male 

1,333 

314 

4.445 

Male 

3.152 

Female 

1.293 

Total 

142,254 
101,469 
40, 785 

36,610 
27.019 
9,591 

13,211 
9,168 

4,046 

17.820 
12.304 
5,516 

22,171 
15.566 
6,605 

17,016 
12.0S9 
4,927 

35.426 

25,326 

Female 

10. 100 

1388 


TABLE  E-3.— INITIAL  AND  RENEWAL  CLAIMS  FOR  BENEFIT  BY  PROVINCES, 

JUNE,  1953 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Claims  filed  at  Local  Offices 

Disposal  of  Claims  (including  claims 
pending  from  previous  months) 

Province 

Total 

Initial 

Renewal 

Total 

Disposed 

of 

Entitled 

to 
Benefit 

Not 
Entitled 
to  Benefit 

Pending 

1,067 

230 

4,862 

2,912 

28,402 

22,123 

2,181 

518 

1,912 

8,545 

799 

139 

3,178 

1,738 

17,444 

14,111 

1,427 

341 

1,156 

4,520 

268 
91 

1,684 

1,174 
10,958 

8,012 
754 
177 
756 

4,025 

1,372 
231 

4,746 

3,137 

24,621 

21,405 

2,056 

499 

1,902 

8,403 

721 

182 

3,186 

2,450 

18,280 

16,626 

1,410 

316 

1,349 

5,603 

651 
49 

1,560 
687 

6,341 

4,779 
646 
183 
553 

2,800 

441 

60 

1,180 

895 

11,136 

4,918 

413 

108 

486 

2,081 

Total  Canada,  June,  1953 

72,752* 
71,476 

68,788 

44,853 
45,298 
40,968 

27,899 
26,178 
27,820 

68,372t 

81,828 

74,066 

50,123 
57,635 
49,698 

18,249 
24,193 
24,368 

21,718 

Total  Canada,  May,  1952 

17,338 

Total  Canada,  June,  1953 

19,814 

*  In  addition,  revised  claims  received  numbered  12,815.  tin  addition,  12,927  revised  claims  were  disposed  of. 
Of  these,  791  were  special  requests  not  granted,  and  639  were  appeals  by  claimants.  There  were  1,740  revised  claims 
pending  at  the  end  of  the  month. 

TABLE  E-4.— REGULAR  BENEFIT   CLAIMS   DISALLOWED  AND  CLAIMANTS 

DISQUALIFIED 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Chief  Reasons  for  Non-Entitlement 

Month  of 
June 
1953 

Month  of 
May, 
1953 

Month  of 
June, 
1952 

6,858 

13,375 

7,342 

Claimants  Disqualified* 

1,819 

6,018 
3,223 
2.795 
1,504 

345 
1,274 

593 
4,419 

826 
1,406 

5,420 
3,468 
1,952 
1,752 
56 
1,540 

592 
4,698 

692 
2,367 

1,479 

10,312 

1,458 

Discharged  for  misconduct 

552 

Voluntarily  left  employment  without  just  cause 

4,059 

Failure  to  fulfill  additional  conditions  imposed  upon  certain  married  women 

739 
1,284 

Total 

23,243 

30,492 

29,044 

*  Includes  4,994  revised  claims,  disqualified. 

t  These  include:  Claims  not  made  in  prescribed  manner;  failure  to  carry  out  written  directions;  claimants  being 
inmates  of  prisons,  etc. 

TABLE  E-5.— ESTIMATES  OF  THE  INSURED  POPULATION  UNDER  THE 
UNEMPLOYMENT  INSURANCE  ACT 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


At  the  Beginning  of  Month 

Total 

Employed 

Claimants* 

1952— May 

3,062,000 
3,068,000 
3,097,000 
3,132,000 
'3,151,000 
3,171,000 
3,186,000 
3,241,000 

3,286,000 
3,283,000 
3,280,000 
3,278,000 
3,166,000 

2,843,900 
2,924,500 
2,974,300 
3,019,400 
3,049,000 
3,078,400 
3,074,500 
3,079,100 

3,007,400 
2,928,300 
2,916,800 
2,917,900 
2,950,800 

218,100 

June 

143,500 

July 

122,700 
112,600 
102,000 

September 

92,600 

111,500 

December 

161,900 

278,600t 
354,700t 
363,200t 
360, 100t 
215,200 

March 

April 

May 

*  Ordinary  claimants  on  the  live  unemployment  register  on  the  last  working  day  of  the  precedingjmonth. 
t  Includes  supplementary  benefit  claimants. 


1389 


77966—11 


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1390 


F — Prices 

TABLE  F-L— INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  THE  COST  OF  LIVING  IN  CANADA 

Prices  at  the  beginning  of  each  Month 
Calculated  by  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


Percent- 
age 
Increase 

since 

August  1, 

1939 


On  base  of  average  prices  in  1935-39  at  100* 


Total 


Food 


Rent 


Fuel 
and 
Light 


Clothing 


Home 

Furnish- 
ings and 
Services 


Miscel- 
laneous 


Retail 
Prices 
Index 
(Com- 
modities 
only)f 


1914. 
1929. 
1933. 
1939. 
1945. 
1946. 
1947. 
1948 
1949. 


1950 

January 

February... 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. . 

October 

November. . 
December.. 

1951 

January 

February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. . 

October 

November. . 
December. . 

1952 

January 

February . . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. . 

October 

November. . 
December. . 

1953 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May , 

June 

July 

August 


18  6 
22  6 
34  4 
53-8 
59-8 


59  7 

60  3 
62  4 
62  7 
62  7 
(ill 
66-2 

67  2 

68  5 
69-3 

69  3 
69  7 


71  1 

73-8 
78-3 
80-4 
80  6 
82.  6 
861 
87-4 
88-3 
88-9 
89-7 
89-6 


90  0 

89-3 
87-6 
87-2 
85-2 
85-8 
86  5 
86  1 


82-9 
83  4 

82-7 
82-4 

82  1 

83  3 
84-5 

84  9 


79-7 


121-7 
94-4 
101-5 
119-5 
123-6 
135-5 
1550 
160-8 


161-0 
161-6 
163-7 
164-0 
1640 
165-4 
167-5 
168-5 
169-8 
170-7 
170-7 
171-1 


172-5 
175-2 
179-7 
181-8 
182-0 
184-1 
187-6 
188-9 
189-8 
190-4 
191-2 
191-1 


191-5 
190-8 
189-1 
188-7 
186-7 
187-3 
188-0 
187-6 
186-5 
185-0 
184-8 
184-2 


184-4 
184-9 
184-2 
183-9 
183-6 
184-8 
186-0 
186-4 


92-2 
134-7 

84-9 
100-6 
133-0 
140-4 
159-5 
195-5 
203-0 


199-4 
201-3 
204-0 
204-5 
204-6 
209-0 
214-3 
216-7 
218-8 
220  1 
218-6 
218-8 


220-2 
224-4 
233-9 
238-4 
235-4 
239-8 


249- 
251  • 
251' 
249' 
250' 
249- 


250-0 
248-1 
241-7 
240-2 
235-3 
237-0 
239-5 
238-0 
234-2 
229-3 
229-0 
226-1 


226-2 
227-4 
225-7 
223-5 
222-8 
225-7 
229-2 
229-5 


72-1 
119-7 

98-6 
103-8 
112-1 
112-7 
116-7 
120-7 
123-0 


125 

125 

132 

132 

132 

132 

134- 

134-9 

135-5 

135-5 

136-4 

136-4 


136-4 
136-4 
137-6 
137-6 
137-6 
139-8 
139-8 
139-8 
142-7 
142-7 
144-8 
144-8 


144-8 
144-8 
146-3 
146-3 
146-3 
147-9 
147-9 
147-9 
148-9 
148-9 
148-9 
149-9 


150-2 
150-5 
150-7 
150-9 
151-0 
152-5 
152-9 
153-3 


75-1 
112-6 
102-5 
101-2 
107-0 
107-4 
115-9 
124-8 
131-1 


135-6 

135-9 

136-3 

138-0 

137 

137 

137 

138 

140 

141 

140 

140 


141 

141 

146 

146 

146' 

146 

147  ■ 

148' 

149' 

150- 

150-8 

150-8 


151-2 
151-3 
152-5 
152-5 
150-6 
149-8 
149-8 
150-1 
150-3 
150-9 
151-1 
152-7 


153-9 
154-3 
154-4 
155-5 
153-2 
152-6 
153-5 
153-6 


88-3 
134-8 

93-3 
100-7 
122-1 
126-3 
143-9 
174-4 
183-1 


183-3 
183-0 
181-4 
181-2 
180-8 


182 
1! 

184 
184 


187-1 
192-4 
196-3 
198-8 
201-5 
202-5 
202-9 
204-6 
206-9 
213-8 
214-6 
215-5 


215-3 


213- 
211- 

210- 
210- 

209- 


208-6 
207-7 
206-7 
205-5 
205-4 


205-3 
205-2 
205-5 
205-5 
206-3 
206-4 
206-5 
206-7 


•6 
105-0 
98-2 
101-4 
119-0 
124-5 
141-6 
162-6 
167-6 


167-0 
166-4 
166-3 
166-4 
166-4 
166-9 
166-9 
168-9 
171-1 
172-7 
174-8 
176-4 


179-8 
185-1 
188-6 
190-7 
194-9 
197-1 
196-4 
199-0 
199-1 
200-1 


200- 


201-1 
200-1 
200-8 
200*5 
198-2 
197-2 
196-7 
196-0 
195-8 
195-9 
195-5 
195-3 


196-0 
191-1 
196-3 
196-8 
196-2 
196-2 
196-0 
195-9 


101-4 
109-4 
112-6 
117-0 
123-4 
128-8 


131 
132 
132 
132 

132 
132 
132 
132 
132 
133 
133 
134 


135-8 
137-0 
137-8 
138-8 


140 

144 

142 

143 

144 

144 

144-9 

144-9 


145-7 
146-5 
146-9 
147-9 
147-4 
147-4 
147-4 
147-8 
147-8 
148-5 
148-8 
148-8 


148-9 
149-0 
147-9 
148-7 
149-0 
149-0 
149-2 
150-0 


101-0 
126-2 
132-1 
148-8 
177-4 
184-8 


183-8 
184-7 
185-8 
186-2 
186-1 
188-3 
191-0 
192-4 
194-3 
195-5 
195-1 
195-6 


197-3 
201-4 
207-9 
211-2 
211-3 
214-0 
219-6 
221-1 
221-6 
222-4 
233-0 
222-7 


223-1 
221-6 
218-3 
217-5 
214-0 
214-5 
215-7 
214-8 
212-7 
210-1 
209-7 
208-4 


208-6 
209-2 
208-0 
207-0 
206-5 
207-9 
209-7 
210-1 


♦For  the  period  1914  to  1934  the  former  series  on  the  bases  1926  =  100  was  converted  to  the  bases  1935-39  =  100. 
tCommodities  in  the  cost-of-living  index  excluding  rents  and  services. 


77966— Hi 


1391 


TABLE  F-la.— TOTAL  AND  MAIN  COMPONENTS  OF  THE  CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX 
FROM  JANUARY  1949  TO  AUGUST  1953 

(1949  =  100-0) 

Calculated  by  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


— 

Total 

Food 

Shelter 

Clothing 

Household 
Operation 

Other 
Commo- 
dities and 
Services 

►- 

99-8 
99-7 
99-4 
99-3 
99-2 
99-6 
100-0 
100-4 
100-4 
100-6 
101-0 
100-5 

100-0 

100-1 
100-2 
100-9 
101-2 
101-2 
101-9 
102-7 
103-3 
104-3 
105-9 
106-4 
106-6 

102-9 

107-7 
109-1 
110-8 
111-7 
112-2 
113-7 
114-6 
115-5 
116-5 
117-1 
117-9 
118-1 

113-7 

118-2 
117-6 
116-9 
116-8 
115-9 
116-0 
116-1 
116-0 
116-1 
116-0 
116-1 
115-8 

115-7 
115-5 

114-8 
114-6 
114-4 
114-9 
115-4 
115-7 

100-8 
99-7 
98-7 
98-1 
97-9 
99-2 
100-2 
101-3 
101-2 
100-8 
101-9 
100-3 

100-0 

98-1 
98-4 
98-8 
99-3 
99-3 
100-9 
102-6 
103-8 
105-4 
107-6 
i08-4 
108-4 

102-6 

109-0 
111-0 
114-1 
115-5 
114-3 
115-8 
117-9 
119-0 
120-5 
121-3 
122-5 
122-5 

117-0 

122-4 
120-8 
117-6 
117-2 
115-5 
115-7 
116-0 
115-7 
115-8 
115-1 
115-7 
114-1 

113-5 
112-7 
111-6 
110-9 
110-1 
111-4 
112-7 
112-8 

99-2 
99-3 
99-2 
99-6 
99-7 
99*7 
100-3 
100-2 
100-5 
100-5 
100-5 
101-0 

100-0 

101-1 
101-1 

104-7 
104-9 
105-1 
105-9 
107-4 
107-8 
108-7 
109-0 
109-5 
109-6 

106-2 

1100 
110-4 
111-5 
111-8 
112-4 
115-2 
115-5 
115-8 
117-2 
117-2 
118-2 
118-2 

114-4 

118-3 
118-3 
119-1 
119-4 
119-6 
120-4 
120-6 
120-6 
121-2 
121-5 
121-4 
122-2 

122-3 
122-5 
122-5 
122-7 
122-9 
123-6 
123-9 
124-1 

99-7 
99-7 
100  0 
100-2 
100-3 
100-3 
100-3 
100-1 
100-2 
99-8 
99-7 
99-7 

100-0 

99-6 
99-5 
98-9 
99-2 
99-1 
99-1 
99-1 
99-3 
99-9 
100-6 
101-0 
101-3 

99-7 

102-6 
105-1 
106-7 
108-5 
109-0 
109-5 
109-7 
110-7 
111-9 
1141 
114-5 
115-2 

109-8 

114-9 
113-5 
112-9 
112-5 
112-3 
111-8 
111-7 
111-6 
110-9 
109-9 
109-8 
109-7 

109-7 
109-6 
109-7 
109-7 
110-1 
1101 
110-3 
110-4 

99-9 
100-2 
100-1 
100-1 
99-8 
99-7 
99-7 
99-6 
99-6 
100-6 
100-5 
100-4 

100-0 

100-6 
100-6 
100-8 
101-2 
101-1 
101-5 
101-6 
102-6 
103-4 
104-6 
105-1 
105-5 

102-4 

107-1 
108-6 
110-5 
111-4 
112-7 
113-8 
114-3 
115-1 
115-5 
115-8 
115-9 
116-4 

113-1 

116-4 
116-3 
116-9 
116-8 
116-2 
115-9 
115-9 
115-8 
116-0 
116-2 
115-9 
116-1 

116-5 
116-6 
116-7 
116-9 
116-6 
116-6 
117-0 
117-2 

98-9 

99-4 

99-5 

99-5 

May 

99-8 

99-8 

July 

99-8 

99-9 

99-9 

100-9 

101-0 

101-1 

Year 

100-0 

102-0 

102-2 

102-2 

102-2 

102-2 

102-3 

102-4 

102-5 

103-0 

105-2 

105-4 

105-7 

103-1 

107-4 

108-0 

108-3 

'  108-6 

110-4 

111-8 

July 

112-2 

113-4 

113-6 

114-1 

114-8 

115-9 

111-5 

115-5 

115-8 

116-4 

116-6 

May 

115-6 

115-7 

July 

115-6 

115-8 

115-8 

116-4 

116-6 

116-6 

116-7 

116-7 

115-2 

115-0 

115-1 

115-1 

July 

115-2 

115-S 

1392 


TABLE  F-2.—  INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  THE  COST  OF  LIVING  FOR  NINE  CITIES  OF 
CANADA  AT  THE  BEGINNING   OF  JULY,  1953 

(August  1939  =  100) 
Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


Total 

Food 

Rent 

Fuel 

Clothing 

Home 

Furnish- 
ings and 
Services 

Miscel- 
laneous 

July  2, 
1952 

June  1, 
1953 

July  2, 
1953 

St.  John's,  NfldO).. 

103-9 
179-6 
186-4 
193-4 
184-4 
181-0 
183-0 
178-5 
189-8 

101-2 
173-4 
181-0 
190-1 
182-2 
177-2 
183-4 
177-8 
187-6 

101-9 
174-8 

182-4 
192-2 
183-3 
178-9 
185-1 
179-0 
188-8 

99-6 
220-0 
222-2 
247-6 
218-2 
232-8 
241-8 
236-9 
236-5 

107-3 
128-5 
132-1 
155-2 
162-2 
137-3 
135-4 
129-7 
140-0 

106-8 
155-3 
152-0 
143-8 
178-5 
134-9 
162-2 
121-3 
174-3 

101-8 
221-9 
228-7 
194-6 
207-2 
,202-5 
217-8 
213-7 
217-2 

101-0 

188-7 
189-3 
203-3 
189-1 
196-4 
204-2 
191-6 
194-8 

101-1 
139-9 

St.  John 

Montreal 

Toronto 

152-0 
144-3 
148-3 
141-1 

Saskatoon 

Edmonton 

133-9 
143-8 
154-1 

N.B. — Indexes  above  measure  percentage  changes  in  living  costs  for  each  city,  but  should  not  be  used  to  compare 
actual  levels  of  living  costs  as  between  cities. 

C1)  St.  John's  Index  on  the  base:— June  1951  =  100. 


TABLE  F-3.— INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  STAPLE  FOOD  ITEMS 

(Base— August  1939  =  100) 
Dominion  Average  Retail  Price  Relatives  with  Dominion  Averages  of  Actual  Retail  Prices  for  Latest  Month 

Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


"Commodities 


Per 

Dec. 

Dec. 

July 

July 

Julv 

June 

July 

1941 

1945 

1950 

1951 

1952 

1953 

1953 

lb. 

120-7 

154-8 

314-9 

385-5 

338-0 

292-1 

293-9 

lb. 

125-7 

167-9 

350-2 

427-6 

379-2 

321-2 

324-2 

lb. 

132-7 

162-3 

375-3 

484-5 

409-1 

342-0 

342-0 

lb. 

136-7 

168-3 

418-7 

557-6 

477-7 

401-5 

399-3 

lb. 

109-9 

152-8 

322-5 

361-0 

340-0 

281-6 

300-8 

lb. 

125-3 

143-8 

242-2 

289-7 

235-2 

281-9 

274-0 

lb. 

127-0 

143-4 

277-5 

346-9 

270-7 

289-9 

288-8 

ilb. 

132-3 

142-5 

222-2 

223-7 

177-8 

224-1 

237-2 

lb. 

151-3 

159-6 

188-3 

273-8 

143-5 

176-6 

180-3 

lb. 

134-7 

137-5 

219-5 

273-5 

211-3 

203-5 

204-2 

doz. 

156-4 

181-3 

193-3 

257-9 

192-3 

215-0 

243-2 

qt. 

111  0 

95-4 

166-1 

178-9 

191-7 

191-7 

191-7 

lb. 

140-5 

148-0 

211-0 

251-0 

230-4 

234-1 

232-6 

pkg. 

174-6 

165-4 

223-0 

249-1 

261-0 

262-5 

262-5 

lb. 

106-5 

106-3 

165-1 

185-5 

191-8 

194-9 

201-0 

lb. 

127-3 

124-2 

221-2 

227-2 

224-3 

230-2 

236-1 

pkg. 

101-1 

100-0 

164-1 

183-6 

195-4 

195-4 

195-4 

tin 

129-9 

137-7 

172-5 

237-2 

299-6 

246-5 

244-6 

tin 

117-5 

121-7 

144-9 

159-4 

170-4 

175-2 

175-2 

tin 

128-3 

132-7 

170-5 

177-5 

192-8 

180-8 

179-8 

lb. 

108-2 

126-5 

183-5 

202-1 

271-2 

197-6 

193-7 

10  lbs. 

89-9 

149-4 

196-4 

180-1 

404-7 

169-4 

190-5 

lb. 

115-8 

120-2 

205-2 

250-3 

236-4 

242-3 

242-3 

lb. 

104-0 

108-6 

133-2 

167-9 

172-5 

166-5 

167-2 

doz. 

132-5 

154-3 

148-8 

133-7 

130-3 

123-7 

129-2 

jar 

111-3 

115-1 

148-5 

166-6 

164-3 

152-4 

151-8 

tin 

101-5 

106-1 

14C-6 

154-0 

154-7 

145-3 

145-3 

lb. 

132-3 

132-3 

164-8 

202-6 

182-2 

167-8 

167-8 

lb. 

141-6 

131-7 

272-3 

313-2 

310-0 

310-6 

310-3 

pkg. 

145-2 

131-6 

181-0 

185-4 

187-5 

175-5 

175-5 

Price 
July 
1953 


Beef,  sirloin  steak 

Beef,  round  steak 

Beef,  blade 

Beef,  stewing,  boneless 

Lamb ,  leg  roast 

Pork,  fresh  loin,  centre-cut 

Pork,  fresh  shoulder,  hock -off 

Bacon,  side  fancy,  sliced,  rind-off... 

Lard,  pure,  package 

Shortening,  package 

Eggs,  Grade  "A",  large,  carton 

Milk 

Butter,  creamery,  prints 

Cheese,  plain,  mild,  i  lb 

Bread,  plain,  white,  wrapped,  sliced 

Flour,  all-purpose 

Corn  Flakes,  8  oz 

Tomatoes,  canned,  2£*s 

Peas,  20  oz 

Corn,  Cream ,  choice,  20  oz 

Onions,  cooking , 

Potatoes,  No.  1,  table , 

Prunes,  pkg 

Raisins,  seedless,  bulk  or  in  bag 

Oranges,  California 

Jam,  Strawberry,  16  oz 

Peaches,  15  oz 

Sugar,  granulated,  bulk  or  in  bag.  „ 

Coffee,  medium  quality,  in  bag 

Tea,  black,  §  lb 


'Descriptions  and  Units  of  Sale  Apply  to  July  1953  Prices. 


1393 


TABLE  F-L— RETAIL  PRICES  OF  STAPLE 

Source:  Dominion 


Locality 


Beef 

Pork 

39  9 

1=2 

la  fc 

a 
S 

o  a 

> 

o 

c3  *-'   s-i 

o  e  J 

m 

&    . 

si  o. 
_c     - 

|J 

CO 

o 

J3cO 

fa 

!J 

ill 

fa 

cts. 

cts. 

cts 

cts 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

103-8 

a 
68-8 

a 
52-0 

63-0 

81-5 

73-4 

c 

42-0 

83-8 

74-8 

a 
60-8 

a 
52-6 

51-0 

74-0 

62-2 

37-8 

86-3 

77-2 

a 
54-2 

54-9 

53-7 

75-1 

c 
54-4 

45-7 

84-0 

75-9 

57-3 

58-6 

54-6 

77-7 

59-3 

43-1 

84-2 

77-8 

55-7 

50-0 

47-2 

77-5 

55-9 

46-4 

83-8 

76-5 

58-6 

55-5 

50-1 

78-6 

561 

46-9 

97-5 

95-6 

63-8 

52-0 

51-3 

76-4 

70-6 

40-6 

75-4 

74-8 

50-6 

51-3 

42-4 

70-6 

531 

42-5 

92-0 

87-5 

52-4 

54-3 

45-3 

77-2 

56-5 

44-2 

95-2 

92-4 

50- 1 

48-4 

50-7 

67-6 

56-6 

391 

87-6 

80-4 

54-5 

56-3 

42-9 

69-2 

53-5 

39-4 

93-0 

84-8 

59-4 

50-1 

50-8 

67-4 

49-9 

38-5 

96-0 

85-6 

47-2 

46-4 

44-1 

70-1 

53-8 

42-3 

74-3 

71-8 

54-8 

511 

42-9 

70-4 

50-0 

45-1 

75-0 

75-1 

45-7 

53-6 

40-4 

72-4 

53-6 

42-9 

78-9 

77-4 

59-2 

59  0 

52-3 

75-0 

42-5 

81-5 
76-8 

76-5 
74-7 

541 

a 

54-8 

54-5 
520 

45-6 
46-2 

74-1 
77-2 

47-3 

d 
61-8 

44-9 
46-8 

78-8 

75-8 

51  2 

51-8 

44-0 

73-5 

48  1 

44-5 

71-7 

71-2 

51-2 

49-3 

46-2 

72-1 

49-8 

45-2 

73-8 
78-6 

73-7 

72-8 

49-7 
50-8 

49-3 
53-3 

43-4 
39-9 

730 
75-9 

44-4 

d 

50-9 

43-7 
44-6 

76-6 

76-0 

54-0 

58-9 

50-1 

76-1 

60-1 

d 

53-7 

44-2 

71-8 

71-6 

52-3 

51-3 

44-9 

69-1 

42-2 

820 
75-3 

77-7 
71-9 

55-8 

a 

51-1 

52-3 
574 

42-9 
44-9 

741 

74-4 

46-2 

d 

52-0 

44-8 
44-7 

79-3 

731 

54-6 

54-4 

48-8 

71-4 

d 
58-9 

43-5 

77-9 
74-6 

71-8 
72-4 

a 
55-2 

a 
53-8 

56-4 
58-5 

44-6 
47-8 

73-3 

70-1 

55-2 

d 

59-7 

43-5 
44  2 

78-6 

73-3 

63-7 

56-8 

41-8 

69-3 

d 

58-0 

42-5 

71-8 

68-5 

48-8 

52-8 

45-5 

66-3 

49-8 

43-4 

85-0 

77-5 

a 

58-5 

63-0 

48-0 

76-7 

65-0 

45-7 

88-5 

82-6 

62-4 

64-8 

74-7 

66-0 
d 

63-8 

44-0 

90-2 

80-2 

60-9 

59-2 

52-7 

801 

43-4 

93-0 

85-0 

61-8 

60-7 

55-5 

79-3 

58-7 

43-8 

Newfoundland— 

1— St.  John's 

P.E.I.— 

2 — Charlottetown 

Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax 

4— Sydney 

New  Brunswick— 

5 — Moncton 

6 — Saint  John 

Quebec— 

7— Chicoutimi 

8— Hull 

9 — Montreal 

10— Quebec 

1 1 — Sherbrooke 

12— Sorel 

13 — Three  Rivers. . . . 

Ontario— 

14— Brantford 

15— Cornwall 

16— Fort  William.... 

17— Hamilton 

18— Kirkland  Lake. . 

19 — London 

20— North  Bay 

21 — Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25 — Toronto 

26— Windsor 

Manitoba— 

27 — Winnipeg 

Saskatchewan— 

28— Regina 

29— Saskatoon 

Alberta— 

30— Calgary 

31 — Edmonton 

British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert... 

33-Trail 

34 — Vancouver 

35 — Victoria 


1394 


FOODS  AND  COAL  BY  CITIES,  JULY,  1953 

Bureau  of  Statistics 


Locality 


Newfoundland- 

1 — St.  John's. . 


P.E.I.- 

2 — Charlottetown . 


Nova  Scotia 

3— Halifax 


4 — Sydney. 


New  Brunswick- 

5 — Moncton 


6 — Saint  John. 


Quebec— 

7 — Chicoutimi 


8— Hull 

9 — Montreal 

10— Quebec 

11 — Sherbrooke. . . 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers. 

Ontario— 

14— Brantford 


15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William.... 

17— Hamilton 

18— Kirkland  Lake.. 

19 — London 

20— North  Bay 

21 — Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25 — Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27 — Winnipeg. 


Saskatchewan 

28— Regina... 


29 — Saskatoon . 


Alberta— 

30— Calgary. 


31 — Edmonton. 


British  Columbia— 

32 — Prince  Rupert. 


33— Trail 

34 — Vancouver. 
35 — Victoria.  . . 


cts. 


78-0 

82-5 
77-0 


87-7 
106-7 


85-0 
80-2 
82-8 
89-3 


98-0 


85-5 
89-0 
92-9 


88-1 
84-3 

90-4 

76-3 


85-3 

78-6 

96-0 
94-7 
92-5 
105-0 


8-7 
8-6 


8-6 

8-3 
7-6 
7-7 
7-5 
7-8 
7-6 
7-6 

7-9 
7-8 
7-8 
8-1 
8-1 
8-0 
8-4 
7-7 
7-9 
8-2 
8-5 
7-8 
7-9 

7-6 

8-0 
7-8 

7-7 
7-9 

8-5 
7-8 
7-8 


ffl 


cts. 
12-0 

13-6 

12-8 

14-0 

12-0 
12-7 

16-0 
12-7 
12-7 
12-5 
12-4 
12-7 
11-7 

12-0 
12-7 
13-3 
12-0 
12-0 
12-0 
12-7 
120 
12-7 
13-3 
12-7 
12-0 
12-0 

15-0 

14-4 
13-6 

14-4 
14-4 

15-0 
16-5 
16-0 
16-0 


cts. 
20-9 

19-2 

18-3 
19-4 

18-4 
18-7 

19-3 
17-4 
17-3 
18-1 
17-4 
17-7 
17-4 

17-5 
18-0 
18-6 
17-5 
18-9 
17-4 
19-4 
17-2 
17-5 
19-2 
18-5 
17-4 
17-9 

17-8 

18-7 
17-7 

18-2 
17-9 

18-6 
18-3 
17-7 
17-9 


M^ 


cts. 
11-2 

10-6 

9-6 
10-5 

10-1 
9-9 

10-4 
10-0 
9-5 
9-6 
9-3 
9-7 
10-3 

9-8 
10-1 
10-7 
10-0 
11-2 
10-0 
11-3 

9-7 
10-0 
10-8 
11-0 

9-5 
10-0 

11-8 

12-8 
14-0 

12-0 
11-8 

11-2 
11-9 
9-7 
10-0 


03      _ 

-is  c 

si 


49-6 
49-3 

49-6 
49-2 

55-4 
45-6 
48-2 
50-2 
47-4 
46-5 
49-6 

44-3 
46-7 
52-8 
45-1 
50-2 
43-8 
48-8 
46-2 
48-2 
48-3 
48-8 
44-4 
47-4 

t 

67-1 

t 

62-9 
t 
61-5 

t 

59-3 
t 
61-3 

t 

62-4 

t 

63-4 

t 

57-2 

t 

57-3 


cts. 
f 
89-0 


g 

71-7 


g 

78-4 


81-7 


75-6 
g 


g 
72-3 

78-2 

80-5 

78-0 

g 

77-6 

g 

71-4 

g 

78-7 

g 

76-4 

g 

75-9 

g 

73-8 

g 

78-1 

82-4 

g 

72-8 

g 

80-2 

g 

77-3 

79-2 

81-9 

79-2 
g 

76-9 
g 

78-1 


g 
71-4 


67-8 

g 

65-5 


g 

69-4 

g 

65-7 


77-7 

g 

77-2 

g 

72-4 

g 

75-9 


r=!  ft 


cts. 

h 

32-0 


17-0 

20-5 
22-0 

20-0 
21-0 

20-0 
22-0 
20-0 
20-0 
20-0 
19-0 
19-0 

21-0 
19-0 
23-0 
22-0 
25-0 
21-0 
22-0 
21-0 
21-8 
23-0 
23-0 
22-0 
22-0 

20-0 

19-0 
20-5 

21-0 
20-0 

31-0 
25-0 
21-8 
24-0 


sr 


3  M 


cts. 
76-7 


68-1 

65-8 
67-3 

60-4 
60-4 
60-8 


59-6 
59-6 

61-9 
61-6 
63-3 
63-4 
64-4 
63-3 
64-4 
62-3 
61-9 
65-4 
63-4 
62-7 
63-2 

62-1 

60-1 
61-0 

62-1 
63-9 

65-6 
63-6 
64-9 

65-8 


1395 


TABLE  F-4.— RETAIL  PRICES  OF  STAPLE 

Source:  Dominion 


Locality 


Newfoundland 

1— St.  John's. 


P.E.I.— 

2 — Charlotte  town . 


Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax.. 


4— Sydney. 


New  Brunswick— 

5 — Moncton 


6 — Saint  John . 


Quebec— 

7— Chicoutimi . 


8— Hull 

9 — Montreal 

10 — Quebec 

11 — Sherbrooke. .. 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers. 

Ontario— 

14— Brantford 


15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William.... 

17— Hamilton 

18 — Kirkland  Lake.. 

19 — London 

20— North  Bay 

21 — Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27— Winnipeg. 


Saskatchewan 

28 — Regina 


29— Saskatoon. 


Alberta— 

30— Calgary. 


31 — Edmonton. 


British  Columbia— 

32 — Prince  Rupert. 


33— Trail 

34 — Vancouver. 
35 — Victoria.... 


cts. 
35-9 

37-3 

35-4 
36-9 

34-9 
35-9 

36-6 
33-5 
34-3 
34-8 
35-3 
33-3 
34-3 

33-4 
34-3 
35-3 
34-5 
35-0 
33-8 
35-4 
33-4 
33-9 
35-7 
34-2 
33-3 
35-0 

35-5 

35-8 
34-7 

33-8 
34-9 

37-3 
35-8 
35-5 
36-0 


p. 

>-. '  ' 


cts. 
33-4 


39-5 

37-4 

38-6 
39-3 


39-5 
38-6 
40-5 
39-7 
39-0 
39-0 
38-7 
39-7 
39-5 
39-1 
37-8 
39-7 
39-8 

41-2 

40-9 
40-9 

40-4 
41-3 

40-7 
40-1 
40-2 
39-5 


cts. 


21-4 

20-8 
20-7 

22-8 
21-6 

20-6 
18-5 
21-5 
22-4 
20-7 
21-3 
19-2 

18-8 
19-8 
18-7 
20-1 
21-0 
20-2 
22-0 
20-0 
19-1 
21-5 
20-8 
19-7 
20-4 

18-5 

17-7 
16-8 

16-6 
17-3 

20-1 
19-0 
17-0 
19-1 


cts. 
34-1 

30-3 

29-1 
29-1 

29-9 
28-9 

34-3 
28-6 
28-5 
28-9 
30-2 
29-6 
28-3 

27-8 
28-1 
28-6 
29-2 
30-0 
27-4 
27-8 
27-0 
28-9 
29-3 
29-4 
28-4 
28-8 

28-1 

30-4 
28-4 

30-1 
31-2 

30-7 
31-5 
27-6 
29-4 


-a     ^ 

c     -^ 


28-2 

25-1 
26-0 

25-9 

26-1 

27-0 
25-5 
26-4 
26-4 
24-7 
26-1 
25-4 

24-1 
25-3 
24-6 
24-7 
27-0 
26-1 
31-8 
24-0 
25-3 
26-0 
26-0 
23-8 
25-6 

24-9 

25-1 
24-8 

24-3 
24-5 

27-3 


23-8 
23-0 


O    4,    N 


cts. 
16-7 

19-1 

16-9 
18-5 

16-7 
16-9 

18-8 
16-5 
16-8 
17-2 
16-9 
16-6 
17-9 

17-0 
15-9 

18-2 
16-8 
18-7 
17-0 
17-8 
16-5 
16-6 
17-4 
18-0 
16-8 
17-7 

17-4 

18-8 
19-2 

17-8 
18-2 

21-3 
20-4 
17-2 
17-0 


cts. 
s 
50-1 


20-4 

21-5 
23-1 

21-9 
20-7 


20-7 
20-3 
20-3 
20-3 
22-2 


20-9 
19-4 
21-3 
19-8 
21-9 
19-9 


20-0 
21-6 


20-1 
,20-8 

22-1 

23-9 
23-0 

25-0 
22-0 

23-9 
24-6 
22-0 
20-8 


Canned   Vegetables 


2  oo 
o  «  o 


cts. 
32-4 

28-7 

27-5 

28-4 

26-2 
25-4 

26-1 
23-1 
22-6 
25-7 
23-7 
25-0 
24-0 

24-6 
24-6 
25-4 
24-2 
25-8 
24-8 
25-2 
23-8 
23-8 
25-8 
22-7 
23-5 
22-7 

25-5 

29-2 
28-3 

30-8 
28-4 

32-9 

31-9 
28-9 
29-1 


c  o 
-3S 


cts. 
25-5 


23-8 
23-1 

23-5 
23-4 

22-8 
20-4 
22-0 
21-5 
21-6 
18-9 
21-6 

20-8 
19-7 
22-0 
20-9 


20-9 

23-0 

20-3 

21-2 

21-4 

21-8 

21-0 

m 

16-6 

m 

18-7 

22-4 
230 

21-9 

22-2 

m 

20-9 

in 

21-0 

m 

15-7 

m 

18-9 


Above  food  prices  are  simple  averages  of  prices  reported.  They  are  not 
averages  for  earlier  years.  Changes  in  grading,  trade  practices,  etc.,  occu 
with  bone  in.         (c)  Including  cuts  with  hock-on.         (d)  Including  butts. 

1396 


perfectly  comparable  in  all  cases  with  price 

r  from  time  to  time.         (a)  Including  cuts 

(e)  Local.        (f)  Imported.        (g^  Sized 


FOODS  AND  COAL  BY  CITIES,  JULY,  1953 

Bureau  of  Statistics 


Locality 


.2.Q 
c$  O 


Is  C 


ll 

c  « 
O 


go. 


£* 


0)  ri  L 
o  &  a 
O 


Coal 


.13  a 
pq 


Newfoundland — 

1— St.  John's.... 


P.E.I.— 

2 — Charlottetown . 


Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax. 


4 — Sydney. 


New  Brunswick- 

5 — Moncton 


6 — Saint  John. 


Quebec— 

7— Chicoutimi. 


8— Hull 

9— Montreal 

10 — Quebec 

11— Sherbrooke... 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers. 

Ontario— 

14— Brantford 


15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William 

17— Hamilton 

18— Kir kland  Lake.. 

19 — London , 

20— North  Bay 

21 — Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27 — Winnipeg. 


Saskatchewan— 

28— Regina 


29— Saskatoon. 


Alberta — 

30 — Calgary. 


31 — Edmonton. 


British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert. 


33— Trail 

34 — Vancouver. 
35 — Victoria 


cts. 
45-9 

37-8 


38-4 

37-8 
39-6 

36-6 
38-4 


cts. 
31-8 

23-2 

21-5 
25-8 

22-0 
21-7 

18-5 
18-9 
18-2 
18-0 
17-9 
18-0 
18-3 

18-7 
19-0 
20-1 
19-1 
19-8 
19-0 
20-3 
19-3 
18-9 
19-8 
19-2 
18-9 
19-0 

19-8 

22-4 
22-1 

23-6 
23-3 

25-2 
25-3 
20-2 
21-1 


cts. 
42-0 

23-7 

33-1 
29-2 

26-8 
30-2 

32-4 
40-8 
39-2 
25-3 
28-8 
33-9 
26-5 

40-0 
34-2 
51-6 
40-7 
46-6 
51-8 
43-8 
51-7 
41-4 
57-3 
34-6 
48-4 
52-0 

43-4 

61-0 
63-4 

54-9 
58-3 

65-6 
48-6 
45-0 
47-1 


cts. 
12-4 

9-8 

9-6 
10-3 

9-4 
10-0 

12-0 
11-3 
11-0 
10-2 
10-2 
11-6 
10-2 

9-0 
9-7 
9-4 
9-8 
10-8 
9-9 


9-4 

10-7 
9-5 
8-4 
9-2 


10-8 
12-2 

11-6 
13-2 

10-2 
10-3 
9-1 

8-5 


cts. 
34-4 

27-2 

28-7 
29-6 

27-6 
29-1 

29-7 
28-2 
29-5 
28-1 
28-8 
27-0 
27-7 

29-3 
28-3 
26-1 
28-6 
29-5 
27-8 


28-2 
29-6 
26-2 
27-6 
31-8 

28-4 

27-9 
30-8 

28-1 
29-7 

28-1 
27-5 
25-8 
27-3 


cts. 
k 
26-3 

n 
27-6 


24-1 

n 

26-0 


25-7 


28-0 

n 

24-8 


24-8 

n 

26-7 


24-7 


n 
25-6 


22-7 

n 

24-1 

n 

25-0 

23-2 

26-4 

23-0 

k 

22-8 

n 

22-8 

n 

25-1 

23-5 


24-6 

n 

24-5 


27-3 

27-6 

27-5 

n 

25-5 
n 
25-7 


23-8 
24-0 


46-5 

46-1 
46-6 

45-9 

47-7 

55-5 

52-3 

* 

48-0 

* 

50-5 
54-5 
52-5 
54-2 

52-0 
52-0 
51-0 
49-5 
55-2 
48-7 
52-7 

54-6 

* 

50-4 

54-8 

* 

50-6 
48-3 
50-2 

47-3 

48-5 

* 

47-2 

48-2 
48-2 

50-4 
50-2 
47-2 
46-4 


cts. 

V 

124-4 

v 
115-5 

112-9 
v 
118-4 


109-7 
v 
113-2 


110-9 

110-2 

107-6 

110-0 

108-8 

109-4 
v 
110-2 

101-6 

107-4 
105-1 
104-1 
99-8 
104-4 
114-8 
102-6 
104-8 
105-3 
100-2 
102-8 
105-0 

100-2 

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101-6 
97-9 
98-6 

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27-50 
27-28 
28-88 
26-75 
26-50 
27-00 

26-30 
28-70 
26-38 
25-81 
33-50 
26-75 
28-25 
26-90 
27-50 
25-50 
28-50 
24-59 
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23-04 

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19-44 
13-60 

18-75 
19-68 


21-05 

18-30 
17-98 


8-25 

22-90 
19-75 
19-93 
21-56 


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Cahfornian  and  Australian.         (s)  28  oz.  tin.         (t)  Pure.         (v)  Including  tins, 
price. 


(m)  15  oz.  tin.         (n)  Mixed— 
(w)  Orange  Pekoe.        *Revised 

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1399 


G — Strikes  and  Lockouts 


TABLEI.G-1.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  JANUARY-JULY,  1952-1953f 


Date 


Number  of  Strikes 
and   Lockouts 


Com- 
mencing 
During 

Month 


In 

Existence 


Number  of  Workers 
Involved 


Com- 
mencing 
During 
Month 


.  -In 
Existence 


Time  Loss 


In 
Man- 
Working 
Days 


Per  Cent 

of 

Estimated 

Working 

Time 


1953* 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

Cumulative  totals. 

1952 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

Cumulative  Totals 


141 

11 

13 

14 

17 

16 

14 


2,1361 

2,448 

4,524 

2,790 

2,740 

4,809 

4,650 


2,136 
3,757 
5,450 
3,562 
4,784 
6,452 
7,396 


24,097 


004 
0-03 
004 
003 
0,04 
0-07 
0-09- 
0  05 


131 

12 

16 

22 

30 

28 

29 


5,3741 
12,394 

2,877 

8.41S 
14,853 
44,701 

8,941 


5,374 
13,048 

5,186 
12,121 
23,360 
59,706 
56,263 


71,145 
47,603 
65,272 
178,713 
248,575 
717,845 
888,243 


150 


97,561 


2,217,396 


0-09 
006 
008 
0-21 
0-30 
0-87 
1-07 
0-38 


^Preliminary  figures. 

IStrikes  unterminated  at  the  end  of  the  previous  year  are  included  in  these  totals. 

tThe  record  of  the  Department  includes  lockouts  as  well  as  strikes  but  a  lockout,  or  an  industrial 
condition  which  is  undoubtedly  a  lockout,  is  not  often  encountered.  In  the  statistical  table,  therefore, 
strikes  and  lockouts  are  recorded  together.  A  strike  or  lockout  included  as  such  in  the  records  of  the 
Department  is  a  cessation  of  work  involving  six  or  more  employees  and  lasting  at  least  one  working  day. 
Strikes  of  less  than  one  day's  duration  and  strikes  involving  less  than  six  employees  are  not  included 
in  the  published  record  unless  ten  days  or  more  time  loss  is  caused  but  a  separate  record  of  such  strikes 
is  maintained  in  the  Department  and  these  figures  are  given  in  the  annual  review.  The  records  include 
all  strikes  and  lockouts  which  come  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Department  and  the  methods  taken  to 
obtain  information  preclude  the  probability  of  omissions  of  strikes  of  importance.  Information  as 
to  a  strike  involving  a  small  number  of  employees  or  for  a  short  period  of  time  is  frequently  not  received 
until  some  time  after  its  commencement. 


1400 


TABLE   G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN   CANADA,  JULY  1953  (i) 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Estab- 
lishments 


Workers 


Time  Loss 

in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (?) 


Strikes  and 

Mining — 

Silver  and  lead  miners, 
Alice  Arm,  B.C. 


Manufacturing — 
Vegetable  Foods,  etc. — 
Flour,  cereal  and  feed  mill 
workers, 

Peterborough,  Ont., 
and  Saskatoon, 
Sask. 


Boots  and  Shoes  (Leather) — 
Shoe  factory  workers, 
Preston,  Ont. 


Textiles,  Clothing,  etc., — 
Knitting  factory  workers, 
Plessisville,  P.Q. 


Sports  clothes  factory 
work  era, 

Roxton  Pond,  P.Q. 

Yarn  and  carpet  factory 
workers, 

Guelph,  Ont. 


Metal  Products — 
Jewellery  factory  workers, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


Lockouts  in  Progress  Prior  to  July,  1953 


Aluminum  ware  factory 
workers, 

Wallaceburg,  Ont. 


Zinc  alloy  die  casting 
factory  workers, 
Wallaceburg,  Ont. 


Skate  factory  workers, 
Kitchener,  Ont. 


100 

2,400 

176 

2,750 

(3) 
258 

5,600 

57 

1,300 

(4) 
429 

3,400 

33 

600 

90 

1,500 

48 

1,000 

45 

900 

Commenced  May  15;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages 
and  union  security  following  refer- 
ence to  conciliation  board;  unter- 
minated. 


Commenced  April  22;  for  new  agree- 
ments providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  44  to  40 
per  week  and  other  changes  follow- 
ing reference  to  conciliation  board; 
terminated  July  21;  negotiations; 
compromise. 

Commenced  May  26;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  reduced  hours  from  45 
to  40  per  week  following  reference 
to  conciliation  board ;  unterminated. 

Commenced  May  19;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment incorporating  cost-of-living 
bonus  in  basic  rate,  seniority,  etc., 
following  reference  to  arbitration 
board;  partial  return  of  workers; 
unterminated. 

Commenced  June  4;  for  union  recog- 
nition; plant  reported  closed  down 
by  June  27;  indefinite. 

Commenced  June  17;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages, 
protesting  reduction  in  hours  which 
would  reduce  take-home  pay  and 
alleged  violation  of  seniority  follow- 
ing reference  to  conciliation  board; 
terminated  July  13;  negotiations; 
compromise. 

Commenced  December  8,  1952;  for 
implementation  of  award  of  con- 
ciliation board  for  increased  wages, 
pay  for  nine  statutory  holidays  and 
other  changes  in  new  agreement 
under  negotiations;  employment 
conditions  no  longer  affected  by 
the  end  of  July;  indefinite. 

Commenced  March  23;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  extension  of  relief  periods 
for  moulders  and  hospital  and  acci- 
dent insurance  plan;  terminated 
July  24;  conciliation,  civic,  and 
negotiations;  compromise. 

Commenced  April  22;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  retroactive  to  October  30, 
1952,  and  other  changes  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board;  un- 
terminated. 

Commenced  May  14;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  union  shop,  check-off,  etc., 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  unterminated. 


1401 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  JULY,  19530) 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved     Time  Loss 

■ in  Man- 

Estab-       Wnrkprs     Working 
lishments    worKers         Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Progress  Prior  to  July,  1953— Concluded 


Spring  factory  workers, 
Hamilton.  Ont. 


Motor  vehicle  factory 
workers, 

Toronto,  Ont. 


Non-Metallic  Minerals, 
Chemicals,  etc. — 
Monument  cutters, 
Toronto,  Ont. 


Transportation     and     Public 
Utilities— 
Other  Local  and  Highway 
Transport— 
Bus  transport  workers, 
Saskatchewan. 


Trade— 

Wholesale  produce  ware- 
house workers, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


Mixed  concrete  truck 
drivers, 

Toronto,  Ont. 


240 


246 


65 


229 


140 


590 


5,200 


246 


190 


4,200 


2,000 


1,180 


Commenced  June  24;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages, 
reduced  hours  from  42§  to  40  per 
week  with  same  take-home  pay, 
check-off,  etc.,  following  reference 
to  conciliation  board;  unterminat- 
ed. 

Commenced  June  29;  protesting  dis- 
missal of  a  worker  for  refusal  to 
work  scheduled  overtime:  termin- 
ated July  2;  negotiations,  compro- 
mise, dismissal  changed  to  30-day 
suspension. 


Commenced  May  22;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages, 
pay  for  eight  statutory  holidays 
and  health  and  welfare  plan  follow- 
ing reference  to  conciliation  board; 
terminated  July  10;  negotiations, 
compromise. 


Commenced  June  30;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages 
and  reduced  hours  with  same  take- 
home  pay,  with  5-day  week  for  all 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  terminated  July  27;  nego- 
tiations; compromise. 

Commenced  June  15;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  unterminated. 

Commenced  June  23;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages 
retroactive  to  December  9,  1952, 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  terminated  July  2;  concilia- 
tion; compromise. 


Mining — 

Gold  miners, 

Pamour  and  South 
Porcupine,  Ont. 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  Commencing  During  July 

'80         13,000 


1953 


Coal  miners, 
Drumheller, 


Alta. 


Manufacturing — 

Textiles,  Clothing,  etc. — 
Boys'  pants  factory 
workers, 

Maskinonge,  P.Q. 

Metal  Products — 

Refrigerator  factory 
workers, 

Cranby,  P.Q. 


1402 


133 


to 


US 


399 


41) 


1,180 


Commenced  July  11;  for  new  agree- 
ments providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  48  to  40 
per  week,  pay  for  six  statutory  holi- 
days, check-off  and  extension  of 
vacation  plan  following  reference  to 
conciliation  board;  unterminated. 

Commenced  July  2.":  protesting  dis- 
missal of  a  switchman  for  quitting 
work  before  end  of  shift:  terminat— 
ed  .luly  27;  return  of  workers  pend- 
ing settlement;  indefinite. 


Commenced  July  27;  for  dismissal  of 
a  forelady;  terminated  .luly  27:  re- 
turn of  workers;  in  favour  of  em- 
ployer. 

Commenced  July  20:  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increasedwages, 

extension    of    vacation    plan,    etc.: 
unterminated. 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  JULY,  1953 (*) 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Estab- 
lishments 


Workers 


Time  Loss 
in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  Commencing  During  July  1S53— Concluded 


Non-Metallic  Minerals, 

Chemicals,  etc. — 

Glass  and  plastic  factory 

1 

450 

110 

Commenced  July  10;  alleged  delay  in 

workers, 

settlement   of  various  grievances; 

Oshawa,  Ont. 

terminated  July  10;  negotiations; 
compromise. 

Chemical  factory  workers, 

1 

765 

2,400 

Commenced    July    28;    for    a    union 

Niagara  Falls,  Ont. 

agreement  providing  for  union  sec- 
urity following  reference  to  concili- 
ation board;  unterminated. 

Construction — 

Buildings  and  Structures — 

(5) 

Electricians,  apprentices 
and  helpers, 

150 

400 

Commenced  July  8;  for  a  new  agree- 

ment providing  for  increased  wages, 

Sarnia,  Ont. 

terminated  July  10;  negotiations 
and  return  of  workers  pending  refer- 
ence to  conciliation  board;  indefi- 
nite. 

Carpenters, 

1 

58 

645 

Commenced  July  9;  protesting  lay-off 

Comox,  B.C. 

of  two  workers  for  alleged  unsatis- 
factory service;  terminated  July  24; 
negotiations  and  partial  return  of 
workers;  indefinite. 

Carpenters, 

20 

550 

6,200 

Commenced  July  16;  for  new  agree- 

London,  Ont. 

mentsprovidingfor  increased  wages, 
time  and  one-half  for  work  on 
Saturdays  and  double  time  on 
Sundays  and  statutory  holidays: 
terminated  July  31;  negotiations; 
compromise. 

Miscellaneous — ■ 

(6) 

Truck  drivers, 

1 

14 

42 

Commenced  July  7;  for  retroactive 

Hope,  B.C. 

payment  of  wage  increase  to  Sep- 
tember 2,  1952,  following  reference 
to  arbitration  board;  terminated 
July  9;  replacement;  in  favour  of 
employer. 

Transportation  and  Public 

Utilities — 

Electric  Railways  and  Local 

Bus  Lines — 

Bus  drivers, 

1 

30 

20 

Commenced    July  8;   dispute    with 

Oshawa,  Ont. 

foreman  re  union  membership;  ter- 
minated July  8;  return  of  workers 
pending  settlement;  indefinite. 

Other  Local  and   Highway 

Transport — 

Truck  drivers,  ware- 

1,500 

16,500 

Commenced  July  20;  for  new  agree- 
ments providing  for  increased  wages 

housemen  and  helpers, 

South  Western  Ontario. 

following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  unterminated. 

Water  Transport — 

Seamen , 

1 

22 

44 

Commenced  July  6:  for  a  union  agree- 

Erieau, Ont. 

ment  providing  for  increased  wages 
and  overtime  rates;  terminated 
July  7;  negotiations;  compromise. 

Stevedores, 

1 

40 

40 

Commenced   July   8:    protesting   re- 

Toronto, Ont. 

moval  of  a  worker  from  job  on 
winch  for  alleged  dangerous  opera- 
tion; terminated  July  9;  return  of 
workers:  in  favour  of  employer. 

0)  Preliminary  data  based  where  possible  on  reports  from  parties  concerned,  in  some  cases  incom- 
plete; subject  to  revision  for  the  annual  review. 

(2)  In  this  table  the  date  of  commencement  is  that  on  which  time  loss  first  occurred  and  the  date 
of  termination  is  the  last  day  on  which  time  was  lost  to  an  appreciable  extent. 

(3)  121  indirectly  affected;  {*)  56  indirectly  affected;  (5)  2,000  indirectly  affected;  (6)   370  indirectly 
affected. 


1403 


H — Industrial  Accidents 


TABLE  H-l.— FATAL  INDUSTRIAL  ACCIDENTS  IN  CANADA  DURING  THE  FIRST 
QUARTER  OF  1953,  BY  GROUPS  OF  INDUSTRIES  AND  CAUSES 


Cause 

§ 

"3 
a 

"E 
M 
< 

bs 

M 
o 

'3. 

a 

H 

§ 

.s 

.SS 

-a  a 

•P 

M 

3 

w 

c 
.o 

o 
a 

c 
o 
O 

T3 

ll 

si 

■3  ^5 

03 

c 
.2 

■JN.1 

«   s   S 

I-S3 

gcoo 
H 

0) 

o 

c 

c3 

c 

0) 

02 

73 
CC 
03 
J- 

c 

"3 
c 

Striking  Against  or  Stepping  on  Objects. 

1 
12 
2 
3 

7 

3 

7 

1 

4 

2 

3 

41 
1 
2 

38 

2 
2 
4 

1 

1 

..... 
1 

13 
1 

6 
6 

5 
2 

7 

16 
4 
3 
9 

7 
5 

11 
1 

10 

10 

12 
1 
5 

1 

3 

3 

97 

9 

1 

2 

2 
6 
4 
1 
3 

1 

1 

"  "i" 

2 
1 

1 
20 
6 
1 
5 

2 

1 

1 
6 
1 

3 
1 

23 

(c)  Other  objects 

Caught  In,  On  or  Between  Machinery, 
Vehicles,  Etc 

65 
21 

Collisions,  Derailments,  Wrecks,  Etc.. 

3 
4 

1 
3 

53 
45 

4 

(b)  Falls  to  different  levels 

Conflagrations,   Temperature  Extremes 

4 
1 

1 

5 

11 

1 

7 
3 

"Y 

1 

41 

20 

Inhalation,   Absorptions,   Asphyxiation, 
Etc 

i 

4 

1 

1 

26 

1 

1 

3 

6 
2 

18 

2 

Total.  First  Quarter— 1953 

17 

50 

4 

44 

67 

35 

7 

34 

11 

21 

290 

Total,  First  Quarter— 1952 

15 

49 

3 

64 

53 

45 

6 

62 

7 

l 

19 

324 

TABLE  H-2.— FATAL  INDUSTRIAL  ACCIDENTS  BY  PROVINCE  AND   GROUPS 
INDUSTRIES  DURING  THE  FIRST  QUARTER  OF  1953 


OF 


Industry 

53 

PL," 

5 

6 

e 
O 

a 

a 

a 

c3 
55 

73 

c 

Eh 

1 
2 
2 
3 
1 
1 

1 

5 

4 

5 
13 

"Y 

1 
2 

2 
5 

2 
21 
1 
8 
8 
9 

17 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

50 

4 

1 

4 

1 
1 

6 
15 
5 

1 

6 
2 

16 
26 
16 

4 

14 
9 

2 
3 
2 

1 
2 

6 

7 
1 

44 

67 

35 

Electricity,  Gas,  Water  Production 

7 

Transportation,    Storage  and  Corn- 

1 

2 

3 

1 

6 

34 

Trade.  .. 

11 

5 

10 

1 

4 

1 

21 

Total 

6 

11 

8 

49 

113 

11 

9 

23 

59 

1 

290 

1404 


CURRENT 

manpower  and  labour  relations 

REVIEW 

Economics   and   Research  Branch,  Canadian  Department  of  Labour 

Current  Manpower  Situation 

SEASONALLY  high  levels  of  activity  reached  in  late  August  were 
maintained  during  most  of  September,  although  it  was  evident 
by  the  end  of  the  month  that  labour  demand  had  passed  its  peak.  By  the 
first  of  October  most  of  the  grain  harvest  had  been  completed  and  the 
labour  requirements  of  the  construction,  food  processing  and  transpor- 
tation industries  had  eased  somewhat.  A  decrease  in  the  number  of 
labour  shortage  areas  and  an  increase  in  the  number  with  moderate  sur- 
pluses   reflected    this    seasonal    change    in    labour    market    conditions. 

September  marked  the  end  of  the  holiday  period,  which  caused 
substantial  changes  in  the  size  and  composition  of  the  labour  force. 
In  the  four  weeks  ending  September  19,  the  labour  force  decreased  by 
109,000,  largely  because  of  the  withdrawal  of  school  and  university 
students.  This  was  accompanied  by  an  almost  equal  decrease  in  the 
number  of  people  with  jobs.  Within  this  group,  however,  a  decrease  of 
more  than  180,000  occurred  in  the  number  of  workers  absent  on  vacation 
with  the  result  that  full-time  employment  increased  by  76,000  during 
the  month. 

Job  applications  on  file  at  National  Employment  Service  offices 
fluctuated  within  a  narrow  range  during  the  month.  The  seasonal  turning 
point  occurred  at  September  10,  two  weeks  earlier  than  in  1952.  The 
average  total  number  of  applications  for  the  month  was  162,000,  an 
increase  of  19,000  over  the  average  for  September,   1952. 

Manufacturing  employment  in  August  was  five  per  cent  higher  than 
last  year;  the  industrial  composite  was  two  per  cent  higher.  While  there 
were  still  regional  and  industrial  differences,  this  employment  increase 
resulted  in  fairly  full  and  balanced  use  of  the  available  labour  supplies. 
During  August  and  early  September,  areas  in  which  labour  demand  and 
supply  were  in  balance  covered  more  than  80  per  cent  of  all  wage  and 
salary  workers.  This  proportion  was  slightly  greater  than  during  the 
same  period  in  1952. 


A       Monthly       Labour       Gazette       Feature 

1405 


CURRENT    LAROIR    TREXRS 


INDEX 


THOUSANDS 


1953 


■ 

M  $$  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EMPLOYMENT 

lAveragesI  ""  m"  »'  VFS  offir*' 

JLm-mmJL~i 1 i t t t i i t..     i 1 


CENTS  PER  HOU.R, 


HOURS  PER  WEEK 


1953 


^.W.^.^.^y^  , 


1952 


AVERAGE  HOURLY  EARNINGS. 


),  ,1 I  M        1,  1  ,,J, 


•—140 


INDEX 


120 


110  — 


100 


90 


1QKO 

*"*•«►'* 

-»*Q «    -r^jff-- 

— s , 

1 

1953 

J 

CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX 

1  Averages 

...i. 1 

INDUSTRIAL  PRODUCTION 

19:<.>:<>)    kk» 


.1 

[Averages] 


r^^— :1952V 


gfjFMAMJJASONDJ 


5  J  FMAMJJASONDJ 


The  increase  in  total  employment  has,  however,  tended  to  obscure 
some  employment  declines  in  certain  industries.  Among  the  manufacturing 
industries,  the  level  of  employment  in  agricultural  implements  was  about 
30  per  cent  below  last  year's  and  there  are  signs  that  employment  in 
other  industries  in  the  iron  and  steel  group  has  levelled  off.  Primary 
textile  employment  is  currently  about  10  per  cent  below  capacity  and 
many  of  the  persons  employed  are  on  a  short  work  week.  Lay-offs  in 
the  automobile  industry  occurred  about  two  months  earlier  than  usual, 
indicating  a  possible  easing  in  the  market  for  cars.  Much  of  the  year- 
to-year  increase  in  employment  occurred  in  the  aircraft,  shipbuilding 
and  electronics  industries.  These  industries  showed  no  indication  of 
slackening,  although  they  did  not  exert  the  same  expansionary  influence 
on   employment  as   last  year. 

In  most  of  the  other  non-agricultural  industries  activity  continued 
at  fairly  high  levels.  Production  and  sales  of  consumer  goods  in  1953 
have  been  substantially  greater  than  in  1952.  The  expanding  output 
of  many  consumer  goods  industries  has  resulted  in  some  inventory  ac- 
cumulation in  the  past  few  months  but  in  general,  stocks  have  not  been 
out  of  line  with  the  increased  sales  volume.  The  transportation,  service 
and  distribution  industries  expanded  steadily  to  serve  the  needs  of  an 
increasing  population. 

In  response  to  the  continued  high  level  of  investment,  construction 
employment  in  the  first  six  months  of  the  year  was  substantially  higher 
than  in  1952.  The  investment  boom  was  still  of  considerable  proportions 
in  the  residential  and  general  commercial  fields  during  the  third  quarter. 
Housing  starts  during  August,  for  example,  totalled  10,900,  an  increase 
of  15  per  cent  over  the  same  month  in  1952;  the  number  of  units  under 
construction  at  the  end  of  the  month  was  27  per  cent  higher  than  last 
yeaf.  However,  the  gradual  completion  of  some  hydro-electric  projects 
and  the  reduced  expansion  in  the  iron  and  steel,  chemicals  and  pulp 
paper  industries  have  been  reflected  in  some  levelling-off  in  construction 
employment  during  the   summer  months. 

The  trend  in  construction  varied  a  good  deal  in  different  parts  of 
the  country.  In  the  western  provinces,  particularly  in  Alberta  and  British 
Columbia,  there  was  little  evidence  of  slackening  activity.  Increases 
in  housebuilding  together  with  such  long-term  work  as  the  Kitimat  project 
and  oil  resource  developments  increased  construction  employment  more 
than  25  per  cent  above  last  year's  levels.  On  the  other  hand,  the  level 
in  Quebec  fell  by  about  the  same  proportion.  Contributing  to  the  decline 
in  this  province  were  the  completion  of  power  dams  in  the  Lac  St.  Jean 
district,  a  reduction  in  defence  construction  and  smaller  programs  of 
highway,   bridge   and  street  construction. 

While  a  few  industrial  and  regional  problems  such  as  reduced  activity 
in  the  farm  implement,  primary  textiles  and  coal  and  gold  mining  indus- 
tries did  exist  during  September,  economic  activity  generally  continued 
high  and  above  last  year's  level.  Seasonal  summer  activities  were 
beginning  to  decline  but  many  workers  released  from  these  occupations 
were  finding  employment  in  logging  in  Eastern  Canada. 

1407 


Labour— Management  Relations 

ONE  noteworthy  feature  of  collective  bargaining  during  much  of  1953 
has  been  the  prolonged  duration  of  negotiations  in  many  important 
industries.  At  mid-October,  after  several  months'  negotiations,  settle- 
ments had  not  yet  been  reached  either  in  the  pulp  and  paper,  basic  steel, 
or  Nova  Scotia  coal  mining  industries.  Bargaining  was  also  still  in 
progress  in  the  clothing,  rubber  and  British  Columbia  interior  lumbering 
industries. 

Strike  activity,  while  increasing  gradually  through  the  year,  remained 
X  well    below   the   1952   level.   Strikes   of  gold  miners   in   northern  Ontario 
and   Quebec   accounted   for  almost  65   per   cent  of  the   time   loss  during 
September,   1953. 

Current  Bargaining.  The  International  Brotherhood  of  Paper  Makers 
(AFL-TLC)  and  the  International  Brotherhood  of  Pulp,  Sulphite  and 
Paper  Mill  Workers  (AFL-TLC),  together  with  several  unions  of  mechani- 
cal tradesmen,  involving  a  total  of  more  than  12,000  workers,  began 
negotiations  last  spring  with  the  Ontario  and  Manitoba  group  of  news- 
print and  pulp  mills.  The  unions  requested  a  five-per-cent  increase  in 
wages  while  the  companies  proposed  a  three*per-cent  decrease.  After 
meetings  in  April,  negotiations  were  postponed  until  June.  Ultimately 
the  dispute  was  referred  to  a  conciliation  board  which,  in  a  majority 
report,  recommended  against  any  increase.  At  mid-October  the  unions 
were  reported   to  be   taking  a  strike  vote. 

In  British  Columbia,  negotiations  between  the  pulp  and  paper  unions 
and  representatives  of  the  mills  have  also  been  going  on  for  some 
months.  The  union  membership  is  reported  to  have  rejected  the  majority 
report  of  a  conciliation  board  which  recommended  a  4-cent-per-hour 
increase.  The  union  nominee  recommended  a  10-cent  increase.  It  is 
expected  that  further  negotiations  will  precede  any  strike  vote. 

The  efforts  of  a  conciliation  officer  to  settle  differences  between 
the  United  Steelworkers  of  America  (CIO-CCL)  and  two  basic  steel 
companies,  Steel  Company  of  Canada  Limited  at  Hamilton  and  the  Algoma 
Steel  Corporation  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  have  so  far  failed  to  produce  agree- 
ment. Under  a  wage  re-opening  provision  in  the  two-year  contracts, 
bargaining  began  several  months  ago  over  the  union's  request  for  an 
8%-cent-per-hour  increase. 

Following  settlement  between  West  Coast  lumbering  and  logging 
operators  and  the  International  Woodworkers  of  America,  representing 
more  than  30,000  workers  (L.G.,  Aug.,  p.  1102),  bargaining  between 
the  union  and  operators  in  the  much  smaller  interior  logging  and  lumber- 
ing industry  became  general.  For  bargaining  purposes,  the  interior  is 
divided  into  two  sections,  northern  and  southern.  Workers  in  the  northern 
interior  went  on  strike  on  September  28  (see  Work  Stoppages  below).  In 
a  Government-supervised  strike  vote,  workers  in  the  southern  sector 
voted  by  a  small  majority  in  favour  of  strike  action  following  rejection 
by  the  union  members  of  the  report  of  a  conciliation  board  which  re- 
commended a  wage   increase   of  three   cents  an  hour.   Wage  rates   in  the 

1408 


interior   have    continued   to   remain   below   those   paid   on   the    coast  and 
the   union  is  seeking  to  close   the   gap. 

Negotiations  are  getting  under  way  in  the  shipbuilding  industry  in 
Montreal  and  on  the  West  Coast.  At  Montreal  more  than  1,000  employees 
are  affected  by  negotiations  beginning  between  Canadian  Vickers  Limited 
and  Le  Syndicat  National  des  Employes  de  la  Canadian  Vickers  (CTCC), 
The  union  is  requesting  a  wage  increase,  reduction  of  hours  from  45  to 
42%  and  other  benefits. 

More  than  1,500  shipyard  workers  are  affected  by  bargaining  now 
getting  under  way  between  several  firms  in  Vancouver  and  Victoria  and 
various  craft  unions  representing  their  employees.  Wage  rate  increases 
and  certain  fringe  benefits  are  being  sought.  The  International  Boiler- 
makers, Iron  Shipbuilders  and  Helpers'  Union  (AFL-TLC)  represents 
the  largest  number  of  employees. 

Wage  negotiations  covering  deep-sea  longshoremen  at  Vancouver, 
New  Westminster  and  Vancouver  Island  failed  to  bring  agreement  and 
it  is  reported  that  a  conciliation  officer  will  be  asked  to  intervene.  The 
parties  involved  are  the  International  Longshoremen's  and  Warehousemen's 
Union  (CCL)   and  the  Shipping  Federation  of  British  Columbia. 

Bargaining  between  the  Canadian  railways  and  the  various  unions 
representing  about  150,000  non-operating  employees  is  scheduled  to 
begin  shortly.  The  General  Conference  Committee  of  the  unions  has 
announced  that  a  wage  increase  will  not  be  sought  in  this  year's  bargain- 
ing. The  unions  will,  however,  seek  a  number  of  cost  items  including 
eight  statutory  holidays  with  pay,  a  sick-pay  plan,  longer  vacations  and 
overtime   for  Sunday   work. 

Recent  Agreements.  A  threatened  strike  of  Great  Lakes  seamen 
was  averted  by  the  recent  signing  of  an  agreement  between  the  Seafarers' 
International  Union  (AFL-TLC)  and  four  of  the  major  shipping  firms. 
The  agreement,  providing  for  reduction  to  a  40-hour  week  without  change 
in  take-home  pay,  a  schedule  of  compensatory  payments  for  work  per- 
formed on  Saturday  or  Sunday  and  the  establishment  of  a  welfare  plan, 
was  reached  with  the  assistance  of  a  specially  appointed  Federal  Govern- 
ment mediator,  Mr.  Arthur  MacNamara.  No  provision  was  made  for  in- 
creased monthly  base  rates,  originally  requested  by  the  union.  Similar 
demands  by  the  union  for  seamen  of  the  Atlantic  fleet,  having  been 
rejected  by  a   conciliation  board,   resulted  in  a  strike. 

Following  prolonged  negotiation  and  conciliation,  an  agreement 
was  concluded  between  the  Canadian  Westinghouse  Company  Limited 
at  Hamilton  and  the  United  Electrical,  Radio  and  Machine  Workers  of 
America  (independent).  Increases  in  wage  rates  and  improved  vacation 
and  welfare  plans  were  agreed  upon.  Agreement  between  the  union  and 
the  Canadian  General  Electric  Company  Limited  was  reached  earlier 
(L.G.,   June,  p.   798). 

Work  Stoppages,  Strike  activity  increased  substantially  during 
September,  mainly  as  a  result  of  the  spread  of  work  stoppages  in  northern 
Ontario  and  Quebec  gold  and  base  metal  mines.  At  Noranda  Mines  Limited 
in  Quebec   and  Broulan  Reef,  Preston  East  Dome,   Hallnor   and  Delnite 

1409 


Mines  in  northern  Ontario,  2,600  employees  represented  by  the  United 
Steelworkers  of  America  (CIO-CCL)  have  been  on  strike  since  mid- 
summer. During  September,  the  same  union  called  strikes  at  Mclntyre 
Porcupine  Mines,  Limited,  and  Hollinger  Consolidated  Gold  Mines, 
Limited,  in  Ontario,  and  in  October,  at  the  Quemont  Mining  Corporation 
in  Quebec.  These  strikes  involve  a  further  3,000  workers.  All  have 
followed  negotiation  over  the  union's  requests  for  wage  increases,  re- 
ductions from  the  48-hour  week  and  a  voluntary  check-off  of  union  dues. 
In  all  but  one  instance,  the  disputes  were  referred  to  conciliation  boards. 

Other  important  strikes  that  began  during  September  involve  seamen 
on  Canada's  Atlantic  fleet,  represented  by  the  Seafarers'  International 
Union  (AFL-TLC)  (L.G.,  Sept.,  p.  1245),  and  northern  interior  British 
Columbia  lumbering  and  sawmill  workers,  represented  by  the  International 
Woodworkers  of  America  (CIO-CCL).  The  latter  stoppage  followed  re- 
jection by  the  employers  of  a  conciliation  board  recommendation  for  a 
6-cent-per-hour  increase   in  wages. 

In  September,  more  than  16,000  workers  were  involved  in  37  strikes, 
the  largest  figure  for  any  month  so  far  in  1953.  Similarly,  the  number 
of  man-working  days  lost  through  strikes  was  considerably  greater  in 
September  (126,131)  than  in  any  previous  month  this  year.  However, 
both  the  number  of  strikes  and  of  man-working  days  lost  in  September 
1953  were  fewer  than  for  the  same  month  of  1952.  In  total,  131  work 
stoppages  occurred  during  the  first  nine  months  of  1953,  accounting  for 
502,815  lost  man-working  days,  compared  with  186  stoppages  and 
2,621,661   during  the   same  period  last  year. 

Wage  Changes,  The  accompanying  table  indicates  the  amounts  of 
wage  increases  negotiated  during  the  first  nine  months  of  1953,  based 
on  a  selected  sample  of  agreements  maintained  in  the  Economics  and 
Research    Branch.   Most   wage   increases   were    in  the   range   of  5   to  9.9 

cents  an  hour.  The 
trend  appears  to  be 
towards  lower  in- 
creases in  1953  than 
in  1952  (L.G.,  March, 
p.  348).  Among  the 
agreements  sampled 
last  year,  65  per 
cent,  covering  59 
per  cent  of  the 
workers,  received 
increases  of  10 
cents  an  hour  or 
more.  Of  the  agree- 
ments sampled  during 
the  first  nine  months 
of  this  year,  59 
per     cent,     covering 

•  For     purposes    of    analysis,    the    Economics    and    Research  79     per     cent     of    the 

Branch  maintains   a  selected  sample   of    1,000  of  the  approxi-  workers  received 

mately     6,000    agreements     in    Canada.    The     above    table    is  ,  ,  _ 

based  on   224  agreements  from  this   sample,  bargained  during  less     tnan     10    cents 

the    first   nine    months    of    1953   and   forwarded   to  the   Branch,  an    hour. 


Wage  Changes  in  Selected  Collective  Agreements  * 

(Bargained  during  first  nine  months  of    1953) 


Per-Hour 
Increase 

Contracts 

Per  Cent 

of 
Contracts 

Workers 

Per  Cent 

of 
Contracts 

No  change 

20 

8.9 

11,400 

5.2 

0—4.9  cents 

26 

11.6 

50,400 

22.9 

5—9.9  cents 

87 

38.9 

111,400 

50.5 

10—14.9  cents 

55 

24.6 

31,400 

14.2 

15—19.9  cents 

18 

8.0 

12,600 

5.7 

20—24.9  cents 

11 

4.9 

1,300 

0.6 

25  + 
Total 

7 

3.1 

2,000 

0.9 

224 

100.0 

220,500 

100.0 

1410 


CANADA 

Proportion    of    paid    workort    within    oach 
of    tho    four    labour    marlcot    group*. 

p-f  C*nt                                                                     Por  C*nt 

"'" :  ': :- ':  ''    ''•': '  •  •  >•    "              '     ' '       •                    •               ' 

90 
80 
70 
40 
90 

90 

10 

: :''  \  '''-:'  :i 

................. :.. ........  ™ 

70 
10 
90 

,  .,...., ■■■■■■■■■■ 

-■v.----. 

40 
30 
30 
10 

:•:.  Oct.   1 

■•"■"■■■■■ — *■ 

40 
30 
20 

to 

1952         J 

■  •  if*! 

_..          _ 

,.  I  1 trn.... 

SURPLUS    SURPLUS    BALANCE  SHORTAGE 

CROUP   1    GROUP  2    GROUP  3     GROUP  4 

Manpower  Situation  in  Local  Areas 

IN  September,  labour  market  con- 
ditions reached  the  seasonal 
turning  point.  During  the  summer, 
the  increasing  labour  requirements 
of  agriculture,  construction  and 
other  seasonal  industries  expanded 
more  rapidly  than  labour  supplies. 
By  the  first  of  October,  however, 
it  was  apparent  that  labour  demand 
had  diminished,  although  con- 
ditions varied  in  the  different 
regions.  Compared  with  a  month 
earlier,  labour  shortage  areas  had 
decreased  from  nine  to  seven  (all 
in  the  Prairie  region),  areas  in 
balance   had  decreased   from   87  to 

85    and    those    with    moderate    labour   surpluses    had    increased    from    15 
to  19. 

It  was  also  apparent  that,  although  total  employment  continued  to 
be  somewhat  greater  than  a  year  ago,  the  expansion  was  more  than 
matched  by  an  increasing  labour  force.  Consequently,  the  supply  of 
available  workers  in  most  parts  of  the  country  was  slightly  greater  at 
the  beginning  of  October  than  a  year  ago.  The  increase  was  most  marked 
in  the  major  industrial  and  minor  categories,  which  included  more  areas 
with   labour  surpluses   and  fewer  with   labour  shortages   than  last  year. 

The  number  of  surplus  areas  was  greater  this  year  than  last,  the 
increase  occurring  entirely  in  the  Atlantic,  Quebec  and  Ontario  regions. 
The  factors  contributing  to  these  labour  surpluses  were  many  and  in- 
cluded lower  levels  of  logging  employment  and  a  reduced  number  of 
rural  construction  projects  in  the  Atlantic  and  Quebec  regions;  below- 
capacity  employment  in  the  textile  industry  in  Quebec;  reduced  coal- 
mining activity  in  Nova  Scotia;  and  reduced  activity  in  the  manufacture 
of   textiles   and   agricultural   implements   and   in   gold  mining  in  Ontario. 


Labour  Market 
Areas 

Labour  Surplus* 

Approximate 
Balance* 

Labour 
Shortage* 

1 

2 

3 

4 

Oct.    1 
1953 

Oct.    1 
1952 

Oct.  1 
1953 

Oct.  1 
1952 

Oct.   1 
1953 

Oct.   1 

1952 

Oct.   1 
1953 

Oct.  1 
1952 

Metropolitan 
Major  Industrial 
Major  Agricultural 
Minor 

- 

- 

12 
7 

1 
2 

4 

9 
18 

9 
49 

7 
22 

8 
43 

1 

5 

1 

2 

6 

6 

10 

Total 

- 

- 

19 

7 

85 

80 

7 

24 

*See  inside  back  cover,  Labour  Gazette. 


1411 


CLASSIFICATION    OF    LABOUR    MARKET    AREAS,    OCTOBER    1,    1953 


APPROXIMATE 

LABOUR 

LABOUR  SURPLUS 

BALANCE 

SHORTAGE 

Group  1                                Group  2 

Group  3 

Group  4 

Calgary 

Edmonton 

Hamilton 

Montreal 

Ottawa -Hull 

METROPOLITAN  AREAS 

Quebec  -Levis 

(labour  force  75,000  or  more) 

St.  John's 
Toronto 
Vancouver  —  New 

Westminster 
Winnipeg 

Brantford 

Corner  Brook 

Cornwall 

Farnham  -Granby 

Joliette 

Fort  William  — 

Lac  St.  Jean 

Port  Arthur 

New  Glasgow 

Guelph 

Rouyn-Val  d'Or 

Halifax 

Saint  John 

Kingston 

Shawinigan  Falls 

Kitchener 

MAJOR  INDUSTRIAL  AREAS 

Sydney 

London 

(labour  force  25,000-75,000: 

Trois  Rivieres 

Moncton 

60  per  cent  or  more  in 

Volleyfield- 

Niagara  Peninsula 

non-agricultural  activity) 

Beauharnois 
Windsor 

Oshawa 

Peterborough 

Sornia 

Sherbrooke 

St.  Hyacinthe 

Sudbury 

Timmins  - 

Kirkland  Lake 
Victoria 

Barrie 

Brandon 

Charlottetown 

Red  Deer 

Chatham 

Regina 

MAJOR  AGRICULTURAL  AREAS 

Lethbridge 
Moose  Jaw 
North  Battleford 

Saskatoon 
Yorkton 

(labour  force  25,000-75,000: 

40  per  cent  or  more  in  agriculture) 

Prince  Albert 
Riviere  du  Loup 
Thetford  -  Megantic  - 
St.  Georges 

Central  Vancouver 

Bothurst 

Swift  Current 

Island 

Belleville  -Trenton 

Drummondville 

Bracebridge 

Fredericton 

Brampton 

Gaspe 

Bridgewater 

Montmagny 

Buckingham 

Newcastle 

Campbellton 

Sorel 

Chilliwack 

Cranbrook 

Dauphin 

Dawson  Creek 

Drumheller 

Edmundston 

Gait 

Goderich 

Grand  Falls 

Ingersoll 

Kamloops 

Kentville 

Lochute  - 

Ste.  Therese 
Leomington 
Lindsay 
Listowel 

MINOR  AREAS 

Medicine  Hat 

(labour  force  10,000-25,000) 

North  Eay 
Okanagan  Valley 
Owen  Sound 
Pembroke 
Portage  la  Proirie 
Prince  George 
Prince  Rupert 
Quebec  -  North  Shore 
Rimoutki 
Soult  Ste.  Morie 
Simcoe 
Ste.  Agothe  - 
St.  Jerome 
St.  Jeon 
Strotford 
St.  Stephen 
St.  Thomos 
Summerside 
Troil  -  Nelson 
Truro 

Victoriaville 
Waikerton 
Weyburn 

Woodstock,  N.B. 
Woodstock,  Cnt. 
Yormouth 

NPUih 

*4& 


bs?v£PI 


O  * 


ATLAMTIC 

Proportion     of    paid     workers     within    •ach 
of    tha    four    labour    marlcat    groups,    1953. 

Par  Cent 

w-                         _ 

is 

■i 

I 

"-                              0...1       1 

a  -           s.p..  1              1 

r 

-..  .  i 

SURPLUS       SURPLUS       BALANCE    SHORTAGE 
CROUP   1       GROUP  2       GROUP  3      GROUP  4 

ATLANTIC 

THE  labour  market  situation  in 
the  Atlantic  region  during  Septem- 
ber was  virtually  the  same  as  in 
the  previous  month.  The  number 
of  workers  employed  more  than 
35  hours  a  week  totalled  462,000 
at  September  19,  an  increase  of 
12,000  from  the  previous  month. 
During  the  four  weeks  ending 
September  19,  a  decrease  of  10,000 
occurred  in  the  number  of  persons 
working      fewer      than     35     hours. 

Construction  activity  was  at 
the  seasonal  peak  but  labour 
supplies  were  generally  adequate, 
though  shortages  of  skilled 
tradesmen  such  as  plumbers,  electricians,  carpenters  and  sheet  metal 
workers  existed  in  some  areas.  Harvesting  of  the  apple  and  potato  crops 
increased  farm  labour  requirements  during  the  month.  The  potato  yield 
was  expected  to  be  about  average;  the  demand  for  pickers  was  about  the 
same  as  in  former  years.  On  the  other  hand,  the  demand  for  apple  pickers 
was  far  below  normal  because  heavy  rain  and  wind  storms  during  Septem- 
ber caused  severe  damage  to  the  crop.  Processing  plants  were  making 
preparations  for  the  canning  season  but  in  view  of  the  small  apple  crop 
the   season  was   expected  to  be  shorter  than  usual. 

Seasonal  increases  in  agricultural  and  construction  activities  were 
accompanied  by  some  employment  decreases  in  other  industries.  Most 
of  these  reductions,  which  occurred  in  coal  mining,  aircraft  manufacturing 
and  ship  repair  work,  were  contra-seasonal.  In  addition,  some  sawmills 
were  closing  earlier  than  usual  because  of  the  high  level  of  sawmill 
activity  this   summer  and  the  reduced   log  cut  earlier  in  the   year. 

There  was  no  significant  change  in  the  classification  of  the  various 
labour  market  areas  during  September.  As  in  August,  most  areas  were 
in  balance,  slight  labour  surpluses  existing  in  only  five  of  the  21  areas 
in  the  region.  This  represents  an  increase  of  one  in  the  number  of 
surplus  areas. 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas,  Employment  in  St.  John's, 
Nfld.,  remained  stable  during  the  month.  Skilled  tradesmen  such  as 
engineers,  electricians,  plumbers  and  auto  mechanics  were  still  in 
short  supply,  while  slight  surpluses  of  semi-skilled  and  unskilled 
workers  existed. 

A  slight  labour  surplus  developed  in  New  Glasgow.  There  were 
several  contributing  factors,  the  most  notable  being  the  lay-offs  during 
the  month  at  the  Acadia  Coal  Company  mines  resulting  from  the  recent 
policy  of  the  company  to  discontinue  operations  in  parts  of  mines  which 
were  uneconomical  to  operate.  In  addition,  the  absence  of  highway  con- 
struction, reduced  lumbering  operations  and  the  continued  reduction  in 
foundry    and    machine    shop    work    increased    available    labour  supplies. 


1414 


Moderate  labour  surpluses  continued  at  Sydney,  where  coal-mining 
employment  remained  1,400  below  the  total  at  the  beginning  of  March. 
Saint  John  also  remained  in  the  moderate  surplus  category.  The  only 
significant  change  in  this  area  occurred  among  female  textile  workers,  a 
number  of  whom  were  reported  on  temporary  lay-off  at  the  end  of  the 
month. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas.  Balanced  labour  conditions 
continued  in  11  of  the  13  major  agricultural  and  minor  areas.  Fredericton 
and  Newcastle  remained  in  the  moderate  surplus  category.  Labour  supplies 
were  most  pronounced  in  the  rural  centres  of  these  two  areas  where 
depressed  markets  for  lumber  and  pulp  diminished  the  demand  for  cutting 
crews.  As  a  result  of  reduced  markets  for  these  products,  shipping  in 
the   Newcastle   area  was  also   curtailed. 

QUEBEC 

INDUSTRIAL  activity  in  the  Quebec 
region,  apart  from  an  increase  in 
logging,  remained  stable  during 
September.  While  most  late-summer 
seasonal  activity  had  reached  its 
peak,  fall  and  winter  logging 
camps  were  opening  up  and  re- 
quired workers.  As  a  result,  the 
number  of  persons  working  full- 
time  reached  a  new  peak  of 
1,413,000  at  September  19,  an 
increase  of  17,000  during  the 
month.  The  number  of  part-time 
workers  rose  from  62,000  to  74,000, 
largely  as  a  result  of  further 
reductions  in  hours  in  the  textile 
industry   and   some   seasonal   short-time   in   the   boot  and  shoe   industry. 

Much  of  the  expansion  in  manufacturing  employment  this  year  oc- 
curred in  the  consumer  goods  industry  in  Montreal  and  Quebec  city, 
where  balanced  employment  conditions  have  prevailed  since  late  spring. 
In  contrast,  the  majority  of  the  major  industrial  centers  have  reported 
moderate  labour  surpluses  throughout  the  year.  Six  major  industrial 
areas  were  classified  in  the  moderate  surplus  category  at  October  1  this 
year,  compared  with  one  in  1952.  The  levelling  off  of  employment  gener- 
ally in  these  areas  and  the  reduction  of  employment  in  the  textile  in- 
dustry, accompanied  by  the  normal  increase  in  the  labour  force,  con- 
tributed to  these   surpluses. 

Three  areas  came  into  the  labour  surplus  category  during  September, 
bringing  the  total  in  this  group  to  10  by  October  1.  The  remaining  14 
areas  in  the  province  were  in  balance,  although  slight  reductions  of 
available   labour  occurred  in  some   areas  during  the   month. 

Metropolitan  Areas.  Adequate  supplies  of  labour  for  manufacturing 
were  generally  available  despite  a  seasonal  increase  in  hirings  following 
the  vacation  lull.  The  clothing  industry,  however,  had  difficulty  in 
filling    its    requirements    for    sewing-machine    operators.    Metal    workers 


QUEBEC 

Proportion     of    paid    workors    within    each 
of    the    four    labour    marlcot    groups,    1953. 

PtrCwil 

90- 

80                                  B^~"i 

I 

1 

I 

40  -                                  Oct.  1      B^g 

»  -                       Sept.    1          /               B 

20-             \mm     m 

m  1 

1      ■          I 

SURPLUS          SURPLUS      BALANCF     SHORTAGE 
CROUP    1         GROUP    2      GROUP    3       GROUP    4 

1415 


were  available  for  the  first  time  in  several  years  as  a  result  of  recent 
lay-offs  in  the  aircraft  and  rolling  stock  industries.  The  service  trades, 
on  the  other  hand,  were  a  good  deal  tighter  and  restaurants  encountered 
considerable   difficulty  in  recruiting  waitresses  and  kitchen  help. 

The  employment  situation  remained'  generally  in  balance  during 
September  in  Quebec  city  as  the  usual  seasonal  employment  transition 
from  agriculture  and  construction  to  logging  occurred.  There  was  some 
scarcity    of    qualified  steel   workers  at  the   shipyards  at  Levis. 

Major  Industrial  Areas.  The  release  of  construction  workers  in 
Joliette  during  September  brought  the  area  into  the  moderate  surplus 
category.  No  change  occurred  in  the  situation  of  the  five  areas  already 
in  the  surplus  category.  The  Sherbrooke,  St.  Hyacinthe  and  Farnham  — 
Granby  areas   likewise  remained  in  balance. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas.  Lay-offs  in  the  textile  industry 
together  with  some  slackness  in  construction  activity  resulted  in  sur- 
pluses of  workers  in  Druntmondville,  Montmagny  and  Sorel.  The  latter 
two  areas  moved  from  the  balanced  category  to  the  moderate  surplus 
group  during  the  month,  while  Drummondville  remained  in  the  surplus 
category  where  it  has  been  throughout  the  summer.  No  change  occurred 
in  the  other  major  agricultural  and  minor  areas. 


ONTARIO 


ONTARIO 

Proportion     of    paid    workort    within    oach 
of    th*    four    labour    markot    groups,    1953. 


Por  Cont 


Oct.  1 


Sept.   1 


SURPLUS       SURPLUS      BALANCE     SHORTAGE 
CROUP    1       CROUP   2       CROUP   3       CROUP   4 


ACCELERATED  seasonal  employ- 
ment declines  in  the  agricultural, 
construction  and  tourist  industries 
in  Ontario  during  September  re- 
sulted in  a  decrease  of  42,000  in 
the  number  of  persons  with  jobs. 
Most  of  this  decrease  was  among 
students  or  persons  in  temporary 
jobs  who  withdrew  from  the  labour 
force  (36,000).  The  number  of 
persons  on  holiday  also  declined 
by  84,000  to  a  total  of  23,000  at 
September  19,  resulting  in  an 
increase  of  about  43,000  in  the 
of      persons      working     full     time. 


Although  labour  was  in  tighter  supply  in  most  areas  of  Ontario 
during  the  first  six  months  of  this  year  than  last,  immigration  of  workers 
together  with  generally  stable  employment  levels  in  the  manufacturing 
and  construction  industries  maintained  a  generally  balanced  labour 
market  during  the  third  quarter.  In  1952,  rapid  expansion  of  employment 
began  in  the   third  and   continued  in  the   fourth  quarter. 

Further  deterioration  occurred  in  the  agricultural  implement  and 
textile  industries  during  September  and  some  softness  appeared  in 
iron  and  steel,  automobile  and  household  equipment  manufacturing.  The 
seasonal  shift  from  agriculture  to  logging  continued  and  workers  from 
strike-bound  mines  increased  the  supply  of  woods  labour.  The  movement 
of  farm  workers  to  the  Prairies  was  completed  during  September,  a  total 


1416 


of  1,300  having  left  Ontario.  Building  construction  continued  at  about 
the  same  levels  as  last  year  and  in  most  areas  qualified  construction 
workers  remained   somewhat  scarce. 

Labour  shortages  disappeared  in  Kitchener  and  Bracebridge  during 
the  month,  bringing  the  total  number  of  areas  in  balance  to  33;  a  moderate 
labour  surplus  existed  in  the  three  remaining  areas.  At  October  1  last 
year,  13  areas  had  labour  shortages  and  the  remaining  23  had  approxi- 
mately balanced  labour  markets. 

Metropolitan  Areas.  The  Toronto  area  remained  in  approximate 
balance  during  September.  Some  shortage  of  construction  and  skilled 
industrial  workers  continued  in  Weston  and  Oakville;  few  of  the  job 
applicants  in  the  area  had  the  necessary  qualifications.  Labour  supplies 
for  many  occupations  continued  to  be  relatively  tight  in  Ottawa  — Hull 
but  there  was  some  surplus  of  unskilled  workers,  particularly  in  the 
older  age  groups.  Demand  for  engineers,  chemists,  and  biochemists  for 
the  government  service  was  still  strong.  In  Hamilton,  the  pattern  of 
scattered  industrial  lay-offs  continued.  Since  most  of  these,  however, 
were  small  or  of  short  duration,  the  area  remained  in  approximate  balance. 

Major  Industrial  Areas.  Lay-offs  in  the  automobile,  textile,  iron 
and  steel,  and  electrical  apparatus  industries  increased  the  labour 
supply  in  a  number  of  the  major  industrial  areas  but  many  of  the  workers 
were  able  to  find  temporary  jobs  in  construction.  Brantford,  Cornwall 
and  Windsor  remained  in  the  surplus  category.  Although  the  labour 
supply  was  still  low  in  Kitchener,  the  area  moved  into  balance  as  the 
demand  for  construction  workers  had  largely  been  filled  and  hiring  was 
slow   in  most  manufacturing  industries. 

Major  Agricultural  ana  Minor  Areas.  Although  very  little  labour 
was  available  in  Barrie,  Bracebridge,  Brampton,  Goderich,  Ingersoll, 
Listowel,  St.  Thomas  and  Simcoe,  unfilled  demand  was  also  very  small. 
All  20  of  the  agricultural  and  minor  areas  were  in  the  balanced  labour 
market  category. 


PRAIRIE 


IN  the  Prairie  region,  the  main 
features  of  the  employment  situa- 
tion in  September  were  the  reduc- 
tion in  the  labour  force  following 
the  re-opening  of  schools  and 
and  universities  and  the  sustained 
manpower  demands  in  construction 
and  agriculture.  This  brought  the 
number  of  workers  without  jobs 
and  seeking  work  to  its  lowest 
point  this  year.  At  September  19, 
persons  employed  full  time  num- 
bered 885,000,  only  2,000  fewer 
than  a  month  earlier;  the  number 
working  part  time  increased  from 
44,000  to  50,000. 


PRAIRIE 

Proportion 

of    paid    workort     within    each 

of    tho    four    labour    market    groups,    1953. 

P«r  Cont 

90- 

00- 
70- 

Oct.   1 

40- 

30- 

pi 

40 

in 

».-,.v-j 

30 

■ 

1 

20- 

I 

1 

10- 

1     i         i 

1 

1 

SURPLUS 

SURPLUS       BALANCE     SHORTAC 

E 

CROUP    1 

GROUP   2       CROUP   3       CROUP   4 

1417 


Industrial  employment  in  the  region  in  September  continued  the 
rapid  rise  of  recent  years.  At  the  beginning  of  August,  the  year-to-year 
increase  in  non-agricultural  employment  (6  per  cent)  was  three  times 
that  for  the  country  as  a  whole.  Construction  accounted  for  well  over 
one-third  of  the  increase,  the  remainder  being  spread  over  manufacturing, 
transportation,  trade  and  service.  Not  all  three  of  the  Prairie  Provinces 
shared  equally  in  this  employment  increase;  almost  two-thirds  of  it 
occurred   in  Alberta. 

Construction  programs  in  many  areas  felt  the  impact  of  the  seasonal 
demand  for  labour  in  agriculture,  which  reached  its  peak  level  during 
August  and  early  September.  Areas  such  as  Regina,  Saskatoon  and 
Swift  Current  reported  that,  in  addition  to  the  summer-long  scarcity  of 
construction  tradesmen,  vacancies  for  construction  labourers  far  exceeded 
the  number  applying  for  employment.  This  situation  eased  somewhat  by 
the    end    of   September    as    harvesting   operations    neared    completion. 

There  was  no  change  in  the  labour  market  classification  of  local 
areas  during  the  month  of  September.  General  labour  shortages  existed 
in  seven  areas,  covering  40  per  cent  of  the  wage  and  salary  workers  in 
the  region.  In  the  remaining  13  areas,  labour  supply  and  demand  were 
in  approximate  balance. 

Metropolitan  Areas.  Virtually  no  change  occurred  in  the  employment 
situation  in  Winnipeg,  Calgary  and  Edmonton.  The  high  employment 
levels  in  the  Edmonton  area,  resulting  from  industrial  growth,  continued. 
The  construction  employment  index  in  this  city  had  reached  1238.6  by 
the  end  of  August  (1939=100),  an  increase  of  43  per  cent  over  the  year. 
Labour  shortages  eased  slightly  during  September  as  the  Canadian 
Chemical  Company  and  Canadian  Industries  Limited  plants  neared  com- 
pletion but  the  total  amount  of  construction  work  in  progress  indicated 
that  the  period  of  high  activity  would  be  extended  to  the  limit  permitted 
by  the   weather. 

In  Fort  William  — Port  Arthur  the  tendency  towards  labour  shortages 
eased  during  September  with  the  annual  influx  of  workers  from  the 
prairies.  About  1,500  woods  workers  were  hired  during  the  month;  the 
total  number  of  such  workers  in  the  area  is  expected  to  level  off  at 
about  8,000. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas.  Labour  supplies  in  these  areas 
were  unable  to  meet  fully  the  requirements  of  both  agriculture  and 
construction  during  September.  By  October  1,  however,  harvesting  was 
virtually  complete  and  labour  requirements  diminished,  although  short- 
ages persisted  in  Brandon,  Regina,  Saskatoon,  \orkton,  Red  Deer  and 
Swift  Current.  Most  of  these  areas  reported  that  the  number  of  jobs  in 
construction  this   winter  would  be   greater  than   in  past  years. 

PACIFIC 

EMPLOYMENT  in  the  Pacific  region  as  a  whole  remained  reasonably 
stable  during  September.  Full-time  employment  reached  378,000  by 
September  19,  an  increase  of  5,000  during  the  month.  This  gain  was 
offset  by  a  decrease  in  the  number  of  part-time  workers  and  a  slight 
increase    in    the    number    of  persons    without    jobs    and    seeking    work. 

Activity  this  summer  continued  to  rise  above  last  year's 
1418 


PACIFIC 

Proportion     of    paid    workers    within   oach 
of    tho    four    labour    marlcot    group*, 


1953. 


Par  Cont 


70 


BALANCE    SHORTAGE 
CROUP   3      CROUP   4 


level  although  the  expansion  was 
accompanied  by  changes  in  the 
relative  emphasis  of  various 
activities.  A  moderate  gain  in 
over-all  employment  resulted  from 
the  marked  rise  in  construction 
activity,  which  more  than  offset 
significant  declines  in  the  logging, 
minjng      and      fishing     industries. 

This  pattern  continued  with 
little  change  during  September.  The 
high  level  of  housebuilding,  to- 
gether with  the  work  still  to  be  done  at 
Kitimat  and  on  various  hydro-elec- 
tric and  refinery  projects, sustained 
demand  for  construction  workers  and 

will  probably  help  to  extend  the  period  of  high  construction  employment 
into  the  winter.  On  the  other  hand,  surplus  stocks  of  cut  logs,  the  pre- 
vailing strike  of  lumber  workers  in  the  northern  interior  and  uncertain 
lumber  markets  created  labour  surpluses  in  some  areas  and  raised  the 
possibility  of  further  production  cutbacks.  Activity  in  the  fishing  in- 
dustry was  at  the  level  of  previous  years  but  prevailing  metal  prices 
prevented    any    increase    in    the    reduced    level    of   mining   employment. 

The  number  of  workers  seeking  employment  increased  during  the 
month  but  not  sufficiently  to  cause  any  change  in  labour  market  classi- 
fications. Nine  of  the  10  areas  in  the  region  were  still  in  balance,  while 
Central  Vancouver  Island,  which  covers  a  number  of  logging  centres,  had 
a  moderate  labour  surplus. 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas.  Vancouver  — New  West- 
minster came  into  balance  considerably  later  this  year  than  the  metro- 
politan areas  in  other  regions.  The  area  remained  in  this  category  during 
September,  although  the  end  of  the  salmon  run  meant  the  addition  of 
900  gill-net  fishermen  to  the  labour  supply.  A  start  was  made  on  a  suf- 
ficient number  of  large  projects  to  ensure  a  high  level  of  construction 
employment  as  long  as  weather  permits.  Lumber  production  continued 
at  a  high  level  but  small  lay-offs  at  two  mills  pointed  to  some  curtail- 
ment in  the   near  feature. 

Periodic  lay-offs  at  shipbuilding  yards  in  Victoria  continued,  al- 
though enough  new  work  was  in  prospect  to  absorb  most  of  the  workers 
released.  With  this  exception,  employment  conditions  in  the  area  altered 
little  during  the   month. 

Minor  Areas.  Labour  supplies  increased  during  the  month  in  five 
minor  areas  and  decreased  in  three.  Kamloops  reported  the  strongest 
demand  for  labour,  chiefly  as  a  result  of  the  requirements  of  the  oil 
refinery  now  under  construction.  In  Trail —  Nelson,  on  the  other  hand, 
reduced  employment  levels  in  mining  continued  and  300  workers  were 
laid  off  at  the  Waneta  dam,  which  is  now  almost  completed.  The  logging 
industry  on  Central  Vancouver  Island  was  still  operating  below  capacity 
and  although  some  increase  in  hiring  took  place,  the  area  remained  in 
the   moderate   surplus   category. 


1419 


Current  Labour  Statistics 


(Latest  available  statistics  as  of  October  10,  1953) 


Principal  Items 


Date 


Amount 


Percentage  Change 
From 


Previous 
Month 


Previous 
Year 


Manpower 

Total  civilian  lahour  force  (a) 

Persons  at  work  35  hours  or  more  

Persons  at  work  less  than  35  hours— - 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

On  short  time 

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours  

Persons  with  jobs  not  at  work 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours  

Persons  without  jobs  &  seeking  work  ... 
Persons  not  in  the  labour  force  

Registered  for  work,  NES  (b) 

Atlantic  

Quebec    

Ontario    

Prairie    

Pacific    

Total,  all  regions    

Ordinary  claims  for  Unemployment 

Insurance  benefit 

Amount  of  benefit  payments    

Index  of  employment  (1939  =  100) 

Immigration  

Industrial  Relations 

Strikes  and  lockouts  —  days  lost 

No.  of  workers  involved 

No.  of  strikes    

Earnings  and  Income 

Average  weekly  wages  and  salaries   

Average  hourly  earnings  (mfg.)  

Average  hours  worked  per  week  (mfg.)    

Average  weekly  earnings  (mfg.) 

Cost-of-living  index  (av.   1935-39  =  100)  ... 

Consumer  price  index  (av.   1949=100) 

Real  weekly  earnings  (mfg.  av.   1949=100) 
Total  labour  income $000,000 

Industrial  Production 

Total  (average   1935-39  =  100) 

Manufacturing    

Durables 

Non-Durables  


Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept.  19 

Sept.  19 

Sept.  19 


Sept.  17 

Sept.  17 

Sept.  17 

Sept.  17 

Sept.  17 

Sept.  17 


Sept.     1 
August 

Aug.      1 

August 


Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 


Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Aug. 
July 


July 
July 
July 
July 


5,398,000 
4,896,000 
279,000 
110,000 
25,000 
169,000 
139,000 
135,000 

84,000 
4,682,000 


22,006 
54,889 
48,938 
15,508 
20,674 
162,015 


111,287 
$6,408,827 

19  L9 

14,594 


126, 13 1 

16,445 

37 


$57.70 

$L36 

41.0 

$55.76 

186.3 

116.2 

115.6 

986 


247.4 
260.8 
324.1 
220.2 


-  2.0 
+  1.6 
+  2.2 
+  4.8 
0.0 
+  0.6 
-56.8 
-56.9 

-8.7 

+   2.9 


3.7 
0.4 
2.6 
6.0 
5.0 
L7 


+  0.3 
-10.4 


-I-  0.4 
-25.9 


+  0.2 

-  0.2 

-  0.7 

-  0.9 

-  0.1 
+  0.4 

-  LI 
+  0.7 


3.9 
4.5 
4.1 
4.9 


+28.6 
+27.0 
+  15.5 
+  6.6 
-14.6 
1-14.6 


+•  9.1 
+  2.7 


+  2.0 
-10.6(c) 


-80.8(c) 
-62.7(c) 
-29.6(c) 


+  7.1 
+  5.5 

-  0.3 
+  5.2 

-  0.1 
+  0.1 
+  5.6 
+   9.4 


+  8.4 
+  8.8 
+  15.3 
+  3.2 


(a),  (b):  See  inside  back  cover,  Labour  Gazette. 

(c)  These  percentages  compare  the  cumulative  total  to  date  from  first  of  current  year  with 
total  for   same  period  previous   year. 

♦Less  than  10,000. 
1420 


Notes  oi 
Current 
Interest 


Plan  to  Increase  Supply 
Of  Mortgage  Money 

Measures  designed  to  increase  and 
broaden  the  supply  of  mortgage  money 
for  new  housing  will  be  submitted  to 
Parliament  when  it  meets  in  November, 
Prime  Minister  St.  Laurent  has  announced. 

A  system  of  residential  mortgage  insur- 
ance will  be  set  up  and  chartered  banks, 
as  well  as  other  financial  institutions,  will 
be  enabled  to  lend  on  insured  home 
mortgages. 

The  Government  feels,  the  Prime  Min- 
ister said,  that  the  proper  solution  (to 
the  insufficiency  of  present  sources  of 
mortgage  money)  is  to  enlarge  and 
broaden  the  supply  of  mortgage  money  by 
making  mortgages  a  more  attractive  and 
more  liquid  form  of  investment  than  they 
have  been  up  to  now. 

The*  Government  does  not  believe  it 
would  be  sound  under  present  conditions 
to  fill  the  gap  by  direct  government  lend- 
ing, a  move  that  would  make  the  Govern- 
ment the  direct  mortgagee  or  landlord  of 
a  larger  number   of  Canadian   families. 

Amendments  will  be  proposed  to  the 
National  Housing  Act  to  empower  to 
Central  Mortgage  and  Housing  Corpora- 
tion to  establish  a  system  of  insuring 
holders  of  new  residential  mortgages 
against  loss  in  return  for  an  appropriate 
insurance  premium.  The  amendments  will 
also  empower  chartered  banks,  as  well  as 
other  lenders,  to  make  loans  on  such 
insured  mortgages. 

When  mortgage  insurance  becomes 
available,  the  present  joint  lending  system, 
in  which  the  Central  Mortgage  and 
Housing  Corporation  has  a  one-quarter 
share,  will  be  discontinued.  Having  in 
mind  the  increase  in  construction  costs 
that  has  taken  place  since  the  present 
limit  of  $10,000  on  National  Housing  Act 
loans  was  set,  the  Government  is  consider- 
ing a  higher  limit  for  loans  under  the  new 
system. 

Consideration  is  also  being  given  to 
increasing  the  proportion  of  loans  to 
lending  values  in  order  to  make  possible 
a  smaller   down  payment   for  lower-priced 


houses.  To  'take  care  of  these  factors 
and  possible  variations  in  interest  rates, 
it  is  contemplated  that  the  period  of 
repayment  will  be  lengthened  by  the  new 
arrangements. 

These  proposals  and  other  adjustments 
which  may  be  necessary  in  connection  with 
the  change-over  are  designed  to  produce  a 
slightly  lower  monthly  carrying  charge  for 
the  borrower  over  a  somewhat  longer 
period  than  he  would  now  pay  for  com- 
parable mortgage  financing  under  the 
National  Housing  Act. 

The  introduction  of  an  important  group 
of  new  mortgage  lenders  should  make 
more  money  available  for  home  mortgages 
and  better  facilities  should  exist  for 
mortgage   lending  in  smaller   communities. 

Longer  terms  of  amortization  for 
National  Housing  Act  loans  and  lower 
down  payments  will  broaden  the  oppor- 
tunity for  people  of  moderate  incomes  to 
build  their  own  homes,  the  Prime  Min- 
ister's statement  concluded. 


1953  Housing  Upswing 
Enters  Seventh  Month 

Canada's  1953  upswing  in  new  housing 
construction  entered  its  seventh  month  in 
July  when  the  number  of  units  started  was 
35  per  cent  higher  and  the  number  com- 
pleted 45  per  cent  higher  than  in  the  same 
month  last  year. 

Starts  this  July  numbered  11,834,  com- 
pared with  8,759  in  July  1952;  completions 
numbered  6,828  compared  with  last  July's 
4,715. 

In  the  first  seven  months  this  year, 
starts  were  33  per  cent  ahead  of  last  year, 
at  58,580  against  44,050,  and  completions 
were  40  per  cent  higher,  46,319  against 
33,055. 

Average  construction  time  was  cut  in 
July  for  the  seventh  straight  month  to 
the  lowest  yet  recorded  this  year.  July's 
average  construction  time  was  6-4  months, 
compared  with  7-4  in  June  and  6-9  months 
in  July  1952. 

The  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics' 
annual  report  on  construction  announces 
that  construction  activity  in  Canada  this 
year  will  reach  a  new  high  level  in  both 
value  and  volume.  The  report  includes 
for  the  first  time  estimates  for  the  current 
year,  broken  down  to  provide  comparisons 
with  actual  results  for  previous  years. 

The  total  building  expenditure  this  year 
is  estimated  at  $2,657,852,000.  Of  this  sum, 
residential  construction  will  account  for  an 
estimated  $1,225,000,000  (28  per  cent  of  the 
over-all  construction  total)  compared  with 
$1,081,000,000    (26-4  per  cent)    last  year. 


79025—2 


1421 


All-Time  Housing   Record 
Foreseen   This   Year 

Between  90,000  and  95,000  housing  units 
will  be  completed  in  Canada  this  year, 
it  has  been  estimated  by  officials  of  the 
Central  Mortgage  and  Housing  Corpora- 
tion, including  duplexes  and  apartments. 

After  two  years  of  declining  house- 
building, the  1953  total  will  set  an  all-time 
record.  The  previous  record  of  89,000  in 
1950  was  followed  by  81,300  in  1951  and 
73,000  in  1952. 

The  rise  in  the  number  of  housing  starts, 
which  began  in  late  1952,  is  attributed 
mainly  to  the  increased  supply  of  labour 
and  construction  materials  plus  the  in- 
creased availability  of  mortgage  funds. 


U.S.   Housing  Decline 
Abated  in  August 

The  recent  decline  in  housing  starts  in 
the  United  States  appears  to  have  abated 
somewhat  during  August,  according  to 
preliminary  estimates  of  the  U.S.  Labor 
Department's  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
The  August  estimate  of  94,000  new 
permanent  non-farm  dwelling  units  started 
was  only  2,000  fewer  than  in  July  and 
brought  total  housing  starts  thus  far  in 
1953  to  769,800  units,  about  the  same  as 
in  the  first  eight  months   of  last  year. 

During  the  first  eight  months  of  1953, 
privately-owned  non-farm  housing  starts 
totalled  740,100— a  small  gain  of  20,000 
units  from  1952.  Publicly-owned  new 
housing  totalled  29,700  units  at  the  end 
of  August,  compared  with  47,300  units 
begun  during  Januar}'- August  1952. 


No   Pay   Boost   Sought   hy 
Non-Operating   Rail   Unions 

Canada's  non-operating  railway  unions 
will  not  seek  a  pay  increase  this  year. 

Frank  Hall,  chairman  of  the  negotiating 
committee  of  17  unions  representing  about 
150,000  employees  in  the  non-operating 
trades,  announced  that  decision  after  a 
two-day  meeting  of  the  committee  in 
Montreal  last  month. 

In  the  United  States,  however,  the  four 
operating  unions  have  announced  their 
intentions  to  seek  substantial  wage  boosts. 

While  the  17  Canadian  unions  will  not 
demand  pay  increases  they  will  make  other 
demands,  including  pay  for  statutory  holi- 
days, longer  vacations  with  pay,  overtime 
pay  for  Sunday  work  and  a  cumulative 
sick  leave  allowance. 

Representatives  of  three  unions  in  the 
running   trades — the   Brotherhood  of  Loco- 


motive Firemen  and  Enginemen,  the 
Brotherhood  of  Railroad  Trainmen  and  the 
Order  of  Railway  Conductors — attended  the 
meeting  but  declined  to  join  in  a  joint 
presentation  to  the  railways  because  their 
contracts  expire  at  different  dates.  These 
unions  have  3'et  to  announce  what  their 
next  demands  will  be. 

In  the  United  States,  all  four  unions  in 
the  running  trades,  representing  about 
400,000  workers  on  the  country's  200  major 
railroads,  have  demanded  wage  adjust- 
ments. The  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive 
Engineers  want  a  30-per-cent  pay  boost. 
The  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Firemen 
and  Enginemen  have  asked  for  a  basic 
wage  increase  of  37J  cents  an  hour.  The 
Brotherhood  of  Railroad  Trainmen  has 
made  the  same  demand  while  the  Con- 
ductors are  seeking  a  pay  rate  based  on 
the  weight  of  locomotives  on  their  runs. 
The  proposed  pay  rate  adjustment  for  the 
conductors,  the  union  has  estimated,  would 
enable  some  conductors  to  receive  as  much 
as  $3  a  day  more. 


Seeking   Director  for 
Women's  Bureau 

Notices  have  been  issued  by  the  Civil 
Service  Commission  advertising  the  posi- 
tion of  Director  of  Women's  Bureau  in 
the  federal  Department  of  Labour. 

The  creation  of  a  women's  bureau  in  the 
Labour  Department  was  hinted  at  earlier 
this  year  in  the  House  of  Commons  debate 
on  the  Department's  estimates  (L.G.,  June, 
p.  835). 

According  to  the  advertisement,  the 
position  of  director  calls  for  a  female 
administrative  officer  to  carry  out  research 
and  make  information  available  on  the 
conditions  of  employment  of  women 
workers;  to  develop  regular  channels  of 
information  on  women's  employment 
between  the  Department,  other  agencies, 
women's  groups  and  employer  and  labour 
organizations;  and  to  perform  other  related 
duties. 


Equal  Pay  Bill  Forecast 
In   B.C.   Throne   Speech 

An  "equal  pay  for  equal  work"  bill  will 
be  introduced  at  the  current  session  of  the 
British  Columbia  Legislature,  it  was  fore- 
cast in  the  Speech  from  the  Throne. 

The  province's  Lieutenant-Governor, 
Clarence  Wallace,  who  read  the  speech  at 
the  session's  opening  September  15,  said: 
"It  is  proposed  to  introduce  certain 
measures  to  ensure  fair  remuneration  to 
female  employees." 


1422 


Presidents   of   CMA,   TLC 
Support   Apprenticeship 

The  President  of  the  Canadian  Manu- 
facturers' Association  and  the  President  of 
Canada's  largest  labour  organization  have 
both  urged,  in  separate  radio  broadcasts 
last  month,  greater  emphasis  on  appren- 
ticeship. 

CMA  President  J.  D.  Ferguson  and 
Percy  R.  Bengough,  President  of  the 
Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada, 
were  two  of  five  speakers  on  a  series  of 
broadcasts,  heard  over  70  independent 
stations  from  coast  to  coast,  that  dealt 
with  the  need  for  more  apprentice  train- 
ing in  Canada.  The  series  was  sponsored 
by  the  Department  of  Labour.  The  other 
speakers  were  W.  H.  Clark,  Vice-president 
(Industrial  Relations)  of  the  Ford  Motor 
Company  of  Canada;  Joseph  M.  Pigott, 
President  of  Pigott  Construction  Company 
of  Hamilton  and  a  former  President  of 
the  Canadian  Construction  Association; 
and  L.  J.  Sparrow,  Supervisor  of  Appren- 
tice Training,  Canadian  General  Electric 
Company. 

Mr.  Ferguson  called  for  standardization 
of  trades  training  throughout  Canada.  "In 
my  opinion,"  he  said,  "the  time  for 
government,  education  and  industry  to  get 
together  in  the  co-ordination  of  a  national 
apprenticeship  program  is  now."  By 
standardization  he  meant  a  system  as 
standard  as  it  is  possible  to  get,  he 
explained. 

He  listed  three  steps  he  considered 
necessary  for  the  promotion  of  trades 
training   in   Canada: — 

1.  An  educational  program  on  as  wide 
a  scale  as  possible  to  promote  awareness 
of  the  value  of  apprenticeship. 

2.  Recognition  of  the  need  for  a  properly- 
developed  apprenticeship  system  on  a 
national  scale. 

3.  When  recognition  has  been  won, 
development  by  industry  of  standard  and 
tested  course  outlines  of  on-the-job  instruc- 
tion in  basic  trades  and  the  co-ordination 
with  them  of  the  academic  subjects  that 
must  be  "part  and  parcel"  of  a  proper 
apprenticeship  scheme.  (This  latter 
requires  the  full  co-operation  of  educa- 
tion authorities,  Mr.  Ferguson  said.) 

TLC  President  Bengough  said  that  this 
country's  vast  industrial  development  will 
demand  more  properly  trained  and  skilled 
artisans  and  that  the  best  method  of 
producing  them  is  through  apprenticeship 
training. 

"No  one  can  believe,"  he  said,  "that 
Canada  will  need  fewer  skilled  artisans 
in   the   future   than   she   has   in   the   past." 


79025— 2£ 


The  future  needs  of  Canada  will  be  for 
more  and  more  skilled'  workers,  he  stated, 
and  the  training  of  "our  own  Canadian 
youth"  will  provide  them. 

"The  proved  and  accepted  best  method 
of  training  is  by  apprenticeship,"  he  added. 

Mr.  Clark  of  the  Ford  Motor  Company 
doubted  that  Canada  could  realize  the  full 
advantage  of  her  tremendous  economic 
expansion  unless  a  greater  emphasis  were 
placed  by  Canadian  industry  on  the  train- 
ing of  more  skilled  workers. 

Canadian  industry  needs  an  estimated 
20,000  more  apprentices  right  now,  Mr. 
Clark  continued,  yet  there  were  actually 
900  fewer  Canadian  apprentices  now  than 
in  1948.  Canada's  development  promises 
to  surpass  that  enjoyed  by  any  other 
country;  the  resulting  expansion  of  indus- 
try is  expected  to  create  30,000  new  jobs 
each  year  in  manufacturing  industries 
alone,  he  said. 

Mr.  Pigott  called  for  employers  to 
accept  the  responsibility  for  the  supply  of 
trained  workers.  Some  employers  are 
apathetic  towards  apprentice  training,  he 
charged. 

Mr.  Sparrow  declared  that  the  lack  of 
trained  manpower  in  Canada  could  lower 
our  standard  of  living  and  even  endanger 
the  security  of  the  country.  He  advocated 
a  system  of  related  trade  classroom 
training  on  a  uniform  basis  throughout 
each  province  with  those  completing  the 
courses  receiving  certificates  having 
national  recognition. 


LacU   of  Skilled   Men   Now 
Acute,  Says  CPR  Officer 

"Today  the  lack  of  skilled  men  to  fill 
normal  requirements  has  become  acute," 
Leo  B.  George,  Assistant  Chief  of  Motive 
Power,  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Com- 
pany, told  a  convention  of  the  Air  Brake 
Association  in  Chicago  last  month. 

To  overcome  the  shortage,  Mr.  George 
recommended  that  management  and  labour 
get  together  as  soon  as  possible  to  dis- 
courage the  up-grading  of  workers  from 
labourer  classification  and  to  improve 
apprentice  ratios  until  conditions  are 
normal  again.  "Railroads  and  the  labour 
organizations  should  do  everything  in  their 
power  to  make  apprenticeships  in  the  shop 
crafts  popular,"  he  added. 

Mr.  George  told  the  convention  that 
"practically  100  per  cent  of  the  manage- 
ment and  the  supervisory  staff  of  the 
mechanical  department  of  the  CPR 
received  their  basic  training  through 
apprenticeships  in  our  own  shops." 

1423 


Montreal  Commission  Has 
452  Printing  Apprentices 

The  Apprenticeship  Commission  of  the 
Printing  Trades  of  the  City  of  Montreal 
has  just  published  its  8th  Annual  Report, 
for  the  fiscal  year  1952-53.  At  March  31, 
1953,  the  Commission  had  452  apprentices 
in  different  branches  of  the  trade. 

The  period  of  training  is  six  years  in  the 
composing  room  and  bindery  department 
and  seven  years  in  the  press  room. 
Apprentices  in  the  first  three  years  of  their 
apprenticeship  receive  practical  training  in 
the  shop  as  well  as  theoretical  training  at 
the  School  of  Graphic  Arts.  There  are  no 
prescribed  day  courses  at  the  School  of 
Graphic  Arts  for  apprentices  in  the  last 
three  or  four  years  of  their  apprenticeship 
but  the  Apprenticeship  Commission  has 
arranged  a  series  of  evening  courses  which 
is  available  to  them,  at  the  School,  at  the 
expense  of  the  Commission.  These  even- 
ing courses  are   also   open  to   journeymen. 

All  apprentices  in  the  first  three  years 
must  spend  one  complete  day  each  week 
at  the  School  of  Graphic  Arts  during  a 
30-week  period  each  year.  The  apprentice 
is  paid  for  this  day  by  his  employer  on 
the  same  basis  as  for  an  ordinary  day's 
work.  A  system  of  replacement  has  been 
in  effect  for  the  past  two  years  which  has 
reduced  to  a  minimum  the  inconvenience 
arising  from  the  absence  of  the  apprentice 
from  the  shop  when  attending  the  School 
of  Graphic  Arts.  Under  this  system,  the 
School's  regular  students  replace  appren- 
tices in  the  shops  on  those  days  when  the 
latter  attend  courses  at  the  School. 

Once  admitted  to  apprenticeship,  the 
apprentices  are  bound  by  a  contract  of 
apprenticeship  signed  by  the  employer  who 
hires  the  apprentice,  the  apprentice  him- 
self and  the  Apprenticeship  Commission. 


11  Jim  Jobs  in  8  Months 
Found  for  Handicapped 

In  the  first  eight  months  of  this  year, 
11,606  jobs  have  been  found  for  handi- 
capped workers  by  the  Special  Placements 
Division  of  the  National  Employment 
Service. 

Increasing  interest  is  being  shown  by 
Canadian  employers  generally  in  the  work 
abilities  of  the  handicapped,  said  the  Hon. 
Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  of  Labour,  when 
announcing  this.  On  the  whole,  Canadian 
employers  are  becoming  more  and  more 
receptive  to  the  idea  of  hiring  disabled 
people. 


Local  offices  of  the  National  Employ- 
ment Service  report  that  Canadian  com- 
munities are  becoming  increasingly  aware 
of  their  responsibility  for  the  handicapped 
and  that  among  employers  there  is  a  grow- 
ing realization  that  handicapped  workers 
are  meeting  employment  requirements 
when  given  a  chance  to  prove  themselves. 

The  Special  Placements  Division,  in  find- 
ing jobs  for  the  handicapped,  recognize  that 
placement  must  be  made  on  a  sound 
business-like  basis  rather  than  on  merely 
humanitarian  grounds.  If  a  handicapped 
placement  is  not  a  good  business  propo- 
sition, then  it  is  a  dis-service  to  everyone 
concerned,  including  the  handicapped  per- 
son himself. 

There  has  been  a  steady  increase  in 
placement  figures  in  1951  and  1952.  As  a 
result  of  the  entrance  of  disabled  veterans 
into  the  labour  market  following  the  war, 
the  handicapped  placement  figure  for  1945 
was  16,635,  a  new  high  for  Canada. 
Following  this  there  was  a  decline  in  the 
yearly  figures  until  1950,  when  10,970  were 
placed.  In  1951,  14,344  jobs  were  found 
for  handicapped  people  and  in  1952,  for 
14,878. 


More  Steps  Taken  in  U.S. 
Towards  Labour  Unity 

Talk  of  labour  unity  in  the  United  States 
has  begun  to  crystallize  into  action 
following  a  series  of  developments  over 
the  past  few  months. 

A  no-raiding  pact,  drawn  up  by  the 
leaders  of  the  American  Federation  of 
Labour  and  the  Congress  of  Industrial 
Organizations,  was  approved  by  the  AFL 
convention  in  September.  It  will  go  into 
effect  January  1,  1954,  for  all  unions  sub- 
scribing to  it  individually. 

Designed  to  outlaw  membership  battles 
between  AFL  and  CIO  unions,  the  agree- 
ment provides  for  the  selection  by  the  two 
presidents  of  an  umpire  who  will  make  a 
binding  decision  in  any  raiding  attempt. 
If  the  guilty  union  refuses  to  accept  the 
decision,  the  case  may  be  taken  to  the. 
courts. 

The  agreement  states  that  its  accept- 
ance is  the  "first  and  essential  step" 
towards  the  achievement  of  organic  unity 
of  the  AFL  and  the  CIO,  "a  goal  to  which 
both  organizations  wholeheartedly  sub- 
scribe". It  pledges  officials  of  both  labour 
bodies  to  continue  efforts  towards  com- 
plete merger. 

The  no-raiding  agreement  has  already 
been  approved  by  the  CIO  executive  board, 


1424 


which  will  recommend  ratification  by  the 
CIO  convention  in  November. 

Support  for  a  sound  and  united  labour 
movement  has  been  voiced  on  several 
occasions  by  CIO  President  Walter  Reuther. 
Speaking  at  the  12th  annual  convention 
of  the  Amalgamated  Lithographers  of 
America  (CIO-CCL)  in  Toronto  in  August, 
he  said  the  unity  problem  would  be 
approached  on  "an  honourable,  construc- 
tive and  practical"  basis.  Peace  negotia- 
tions with  the  AFL  would,  he  said,  be 
conducted  on  grounds  that  will  fully  pro- 
tect the  organizational  integrity,  the 
autonomy  and  the  structure  of  all  affiliated 
unions. 

Meanwhile,  several  steps  in  the  direction 
of  labour  unity  have  already  been  taken. 
The  AFL  Masters,  Mates  and  Pilots  Asso- 
ciation and  the  CIO  Marine  Engineers 
agreed  recently  to  "a  joint  program  of 
immediate  mutual  assistance"  to  secure 
common  contract  expiration  dates,  to 
correlate  basic  contract  demands  and  to 
explore  possible  joint  administration  of 
welfare  and  pension  plans. 

The  AFL  International  Brotherhood  of 
Paper  Makers  and  the  CIO  Paper  Workers 
of  America  are  planning  no-raiding  talks  to 
be  held  in  the  near  future.  The  AFL 
International  Brotherhood  of  Pulp,  Sul- 
phite and  Paper  Mill  Workers  has  been 
asked  to  join  in. 

The  AFL  International  Association  of 
Machinists  and  the  CIO  United  Automobile 
Workers  of  America  are  planning  their 
first  joint  negotiations  in  the  aircraft 
industry. 


Carpenters  Return 
To  AFL  Banks 

Less  than  a  month  after  withdrawing, 
the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and 
Joiners  of  America  returned  to  the 
American  Federation  of  Labour  September 
9.  An  official  announcement  stated  that 
the  carpenters  were  "continuing"  their 
membership. 

Previously,  the  822,500-member  car- 
penters' union  had  withdrawn  from  the 
AFL  in  protest  against  its  approval  of  a 
proposed  no-raiding  agreement  with  the 
Congress  of  Industrial  Organizations  when, 
said  the  union's  President,  Maurice  A. 
Hutcheson,  there  was  a  lack  of  machinery 
to  prevent  raiding  or  jurisdictional  disputes 
between  AFL  affiliates. 

A  former  President  of  the  Brotherhood, 
William  Hutcheson,  was  First  Vice- 
president  of  the  AFL  at  the  time  of  the 
walk-out.  The  carpenters'  withdrawal  left 
this   post   open.     All   AFL   vice-presidents 


were  moved  up  one  place  and  David  Beck, 
President  of  the  International  Brotherhood 
of  Teamsters,  was  -elected  13th  vice- 
president. 

At  the  AFL  convention  last  month,  the 
Carpenters'  President,  Maurice  A.  Hutche- 
son, was  elected  14th  Vice-president  of 
the  AFL,  one  of  the  two  additional  vice- 
presidential  posts  created  by  the  con- 
vention. 

The  agreement  reached  between  the  AFL 
and  the  carpenters  provides  that  the 
federation  "should  adopt  some  policy 
definitely  designed  to  prevent  raids  within 
our  own  organization". 


B.C.    Fishermen's   Local 
Secedes,  Joins  SID 

A  local  of  the  United  Fishermen  and 
Allied  Workers'  Union,  which  union  the 
TLC  suspended  in  August  because  of  its 
Communist  leadership  and  leanings,  has 
voted  to  secede  and  to  affiliate  with  the 
Pacific  Fishermen  and  Allied  Trades  Union, 
Seafarers  International  Union  of  North 
America,  Canadian  District,  the  Vancouver 
Province  has  reported. 

Meanwhile,  TLC  President  Percy 
Bengough  has  declared  that,  as  the  United 
Fishermen  were  only  suspended,  not 
expelled,  the  TLC  would  not  offer  support 
to  the  SIU's  campaign  to  sign  up  members 
of  the  suspended  union. 

The  seceding  local  is  the  one  at 
Quathiaski,  B.C.  According  to  the  Prov- 
ince, 89  per  cent  of  the  local's  members 
voted  in  favour  of  the  withdrawal. 


Women  Workers  in  I7.SL 
Quadruple  in  60  Years 

Latest  statistics  on  women  in  paid 
employment  in  the  United  States  shows 
that  while  the  female  population  has 
almost  tripled  in  the  last  60  years,  the 
women's  labour  force  has  more  than  quad- 
rupled. Women  form  about  30  per  cent 
of  all  workers  in  the  U.S. 

A  publication  released  by  the  Women's 
Bureau  of  the  U.S.  Department  of  Labor, 
Women  as  Workers,  reports  that  during 
1952  there  were,  on  the  average,  19J 
million  women  in  the  labour  force — more 
than  one-third  of  the  female  population. 
Recent  months,  however,  have  seen  .some 
levelling  off,  the  figure  recorded  for  May, 
1953,  being  slightly  more  than  19  million. 

In  1953,  clerical  workers  constituted  the 
largest  group;  second  were  women  oper- 
atives, of  whom  most  were  semi-skilled 
factory  workers. 


1425 


Law   Group   Would   Ban 
StriUes   Affecting  Public 

Compulsory  and  binding  arbitration  in 
place  of  the  right  to  strike  in  disputes 
involving  public  health  and  safety  was 
recommended  by  the  Canadian  Bar  Asso- 
ciation at  its  35th  annual  convention  in 
Quebec  City  last  month. 

Other  resolutions  dealing  with  labour 
matters  were  passed  by  the  industrial 
relations  committee  of  the  Association  and 
submitted  to  the  800  delegates  at  the 
closing   general  session. 

The  public  health  and  safety  resolution 
was  carried  at  the  closing  session  by  a 
small  majority.  Debate  in  the  resolution 
centred  around  the  advisability  of  govern- 
ment interference  with  the  rights  of  unions. 

The  general  membership  also  passed  a 
resolution  asking  that  legislation  be  enacted 
in  all  provinces  to  make  unions  legal 
entities.  This  would  allow  unions  to  sue 
and  be  sued. 

Another  resolution  urged  a  48-hour  notice 
before  all  strikes  and  lockouts.  It  read: 
"Resolved  that  legislation  should  be 
enacted  to  provide  that  a  lawful  strike  or 
lockout  may  not  be  put  into  effect  xuntil 
48  hours'  written  notice  has  been  given." 
This  resolution  was  adopted  after  consider- 
able debate. 

The  Association  also  passed  a  resolution 
stating  that  picketing  in  sympathy  and 
jurisdictional  strikes  should  be  declared 
illegal. 


TLC   President   Criticizes 
Law   Association's   Stand 

Percy  Bengough,  President  of  the  Trades 
and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada,  has  criti- 
cized the  Canadian  Bar  Association  for  its 
stand  in  favour  of  compulsory  arbitration 
of  labour  disputes  (see  above). 

Speaking  to  450  delegates  attending  the 
convention  of  the  Amalgamated  Associa- 
tion of  Street,  Electric  Railway  and  Motor 
Coach  Employees  of  America  (AFL-TLC) 
in  Vancouver,  Mr.  Bengough  said :  "I  am 
serving  notice  right  now  on  the  Canadian 
Bar  Association  that  Canadian  labour  can 
seek  its   own  legislation." 

He  was  referring  to  a  resolution  passed 
by  the  CBA  at  its  convention  in  Quebec 
City  last  month.  The  resolution  recom- 
mended that  compulsory  arbitration  be 
substituted  for  the  right  to  strike  in  dis- 
putes involving  public  health  and  safety. 

"If  we  want  any  laws  we'll  present 
application  for  them  ourselves.  These 
lawyers    have    a    lovely    crust    to    interfere 


in    our    right    to    strike    as    a    last    resort," 
said  the  TLC  President. 

The  CBA  resolution  was  also  condemned 
by  A.  R.  Mosher,  President  of  the  Cana- 
dian Congress  of  Labour.  At  the  CCL 
convention  in  Montreal,  Mr.  Mosher  said 
such  legislation  would  "make  slaves  of  the 
workers"  (see  p.  1437). 


Immigration   Up   in  Aug., 
Down   in   First   8   Months 

Immigration  to  Canada  increased  in 
August  for  the  fourth  successive  month, 
the  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immi- 
gration has   announced. 

The  total  of  new  arrivals  in  the  first 
eight  months  this  year,  however,  is  smaller 
than  that  for  the  same  period  in  1952. 

In  August,  14,594  immigrants  entered 
Canada,  29  per  cent  more  than  the  11.285 
who  arrived  in  August  1952.  In  the  first 
eight  months  this  year,  112,627  were 
admitted,  11  per  cent  fewer  than  the 
126,029  admitted  during  January-August 
1952. 

Immigrants  from  the  British  Isles  num- 
bered 3,593  in  August,  a  53-per-cent  in- 
crease over  the  2,342  who  came  in  August 
last  year.  Immigration  from  the  United 
States  declined  35  per  cent,  only  678  enter- 
ing this  August  compared  with  1,040  in 
August  1952. 

Immigration  from  North  European  coun- 
tries increased  13  per  cent — 5,825  com- 
pared with  5,159 — and  from  all  other 
countries,  64  per  cent — 4.498  compared 
with  2,744. 

Figures  for  immigration  in  the  first  eight 
months  this  year  (those  for  the  same  period 
in  1952  in  parentheses)  are :  from  the  British 
Isles,  32,408  (30,137);  from  the  United 
States.  5,794  (5,956) ;  from  North  European 
countries,  48,812  (50.590);  and  from  all 
other  countries,  25,613  (39,346). 


Prof.   Finhelman   Heads 
Ontario   Labour  Board 

Prof.  J.  Finkelman,  who  has  been  acting 
chairman  of  the  Ontario  Labour  Relations 
Board  since  January,  has  been  appointed 
full-time   chairman   for   at   least   one   year. 

On  leave  of  absence  from  the  University 
of  Toronto's  School  of  Law,  Prof.  Finkel- 
man replaces  E.  N.  Davis,  who  resigned 
at  the  beginning  of  this  year  to  take  a 
position  in  industry. 

The  professor  was  chairman  of  the  board 
from  1944  to  1947,  when  he  left  to  assume 
full-time  his  duties  as  professor  of  law  at 
the  University. 


1426 


A.   MacNamara   Mediator, 
Sailors9   Strihe   Averted 

Arthur  MacNamara,  former  Deputy  Min- 
ister of  Labour  who  had  been  appointed 
mediator,  announced  last  month  the  settle- 
ment of  the  dispute  over  wages  and  work- 
ing hours  between  the  Seafarers'  Interna- 
tional Union  (AFL-TLC)  and  four  large 
shipping  concerns  operating  on  the  Great 
Lakes.  The  settlement  averted  a  strike 
that  could  have  tied  up  most  shipping  in 
the  Lakes;  seamen  aboard  Colonial  Steam- 
ship Lines  ships  were  prepared  to  strike 
the  day  following  Mr.  MacNamara's 
announcement. 

The  companies  agreed  to  a  40-hour  week 
beginning  October  1  on  all  their  ships. 
Seamen  will  be  paid  time-and-a-half  for 
Saturday  work  and  double  time  for  work 
on  Sunday.  Beginning  October  1,  1954, 
they  will  receive  double  time  for  work  on 
Saturdays  as  well  as  Sundays. 

A  demand  for  a  general  wage  increase 
of  $50  per  month  was  dropped  by  the 
union. 

The  four  companies  are :  Colonial  Steam- 
ships Limited,  Canada  Steamship  Lines, 
N.  M.  Paterson  and  Sons,  and  Upper  Lakes 
and  St.  Lawrence  Transportation  Co.  Ltd. 

Under  the  new  contract,  the  seamen  will 
receive  the  same  monthly  pay  as  before 
but  will  work  shorter  hours.  Wages  range 
from  $90  to  $400  per  month,  depending 
on  the  type  of  work  performed. 

A  novel  feature  of  the  new  contract  is 
a  welfare  fund  to  which  the  four  com- 
panies will  contribute  20  cents  per  day 
per  man,  and  on  which  any  of  the  4,000 
members  of  the  union  on  154  vessels  may 
draw  for  financial  help.  This  fund— the 
first  of  its  kind  in  Canadian  industrjr — 
will  be  administered  by  a  union  representa- 
tive, a  company  representative  and  an 
impartial  chairman  chosen  by  both  parties. 


CCL  and   Two   Rail   Unions 
Announce   Appointments 

Rene  Richard  of  Digby,  N.S.,  has  been 
named  CCL  organizer  for  western  Nova 
Scotia,  it  was  announced  last  month  by 
Penry  Harm,  Maritime  Director.  He  is 
the  second  organizer  appointed  in  Nova 
Scotia  in  a  month.  Don  Nicholson  of 
Stellarton  began  his  duties  as  a  CCL 
organizer  September  1. 

In  one  of  the  CCL's  major  affiliates, 
the  Canadian  Brotherhood  of  Railway 
Employees  and  Other  Transport  Workers, 
S.  H.  Eighteen  of  Montreal  was  elected 
Chairman   of  the  union's  Joint   Protective 


Board.  William  J.  Smith  of  Montreal  was 
returned  as  secretary. 

At  the  same  time,-  chairmen  of  regional 
committees  of  the  Board  were  elected  for 
the  western,  central  and  Atlantic  regions. 
They  were :  western,  Thomas  McGregor 
of  Winnipeg;  central,  S.  H.  Eighteen  of 
Montreal;  and  Atlantic,  F.  H.  Gillespie  of 
Moncton,  N.B. 

At  a  convention  of  another  rail  union, 
the  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Firemen 
and  Enginemen,  a  Canadian  was  elected 
to  a  vice-presidential  seat.  He  was 
William  E.  Gamble  of  Winnipeg. 


Eisenhower   Names   Nine 
To   Contracts  Committee 

The  nine  public  members  of  President 
Eisenhower's  Government  Contracts  Com- 
mittee have  been  named.  The  committee 
was  establishd  by  executive  order  August 
13  this  year  (L.G.,  Sept.,  p.  1261).  Its 
purpose  is  to  prevent  discrimination  in 
employment  by  companies  holding  federal 
government  contracts. 

The  members  representing  the  public 
are:  Vice-President  Richard  Nixon,  chair- 
man; Ernest  Wilkins,  Negro  attorney  from 
Chicago,  vice-chairman;  George  Meany, 
President  of  the  American  Federation  of 
Labour;  Walter  Reuther,  President  of  the 
Congress  of  Industrial  Organizations;  John 
Roosevelt,  son  of  the  late  President;  Fred 
Lazarus,  Jr.,  Cincinnati  merchant  and 
President  of  the  American  Retail  Federa- 
tion; John  McCaffrey,  Chicago,  President 
of  the  International  Harvester  Company; 
Helen  Rogers  Ried,  publisher  of  the  New 
York  Herald  Tribune;  and  John  Minor 
Wisdom,  a  New  Orleans  attorney  and  a 
member  of  the  Republican  National 
Committee. 

Six  government  officials  will  bring  the 
number  of  members  of  the  committee  to  15. 


$#2,000,000   Paid   in   1952 
In  Compensation  Benefits 

More  than  $82,000,000  in  compensation 
benefits  was  paid  to  Canadian  workers  in 
1952,  the  Hon.  John  L.  Robinson,  Alberta's 
Minister  of  Labour,  told  delegates  to  the 
annual  convention  of  the  Association  of 
Workmen's  Compensation  Boards  of 
Canada.  The  convention  was  held  in 
Edmonton  last  month. 

Mr.  Robinson  said  that  last  year  the 
Workmen's  Compensation  Boards  handled 
more  than  500,000  accident  claims,  of  which 
more  than   1,000  concerned  fatal  accidents. 


1427 


Ont.  Compensation  Board 
Opens  New  Building 

George  G.  Greene,  Director,  Government 
Employees  Compensation,  and  Ian  Camp- 
bell, National  Co-ordinator,  Civilian 
Rehabilitation  Branch,  represented  the 
Federal  Department  of  Labour  at  the 
official  opening  of  the  Ontario  Workmen's 
Compensation  Board's  new  head  office  at 
Toronto  on  September  15. 

The  ceremony  was  under  the  chairman- 
ship of  J.  F.  Cauley,  vice-chairman  of  the 
Board.  Dr.  E.  C.  Steele,  Commissioner  on 
the  Board,  officially  welcomed  the  guests, 
after  which  the  building  was  dedicated 
by  the  Right  Rev.  F.  H.  Wilkinson, 
MM,  ED,  DD.,  Coadjutor  Bishop  of 
Toronto.  The  Hon.  Charles  Daley,  Min- 
ister of  Labour  for  Ontario,  delivered  the 
opening  address  and  then,  assisted  by  E.  W. 
Adams,  representing  Ontario  workmen,  cut 
the  ribbon.  Golden  shears  for  the  ceremony 
were  presented  by  Mr.  Cauley. 

The  building,  a  five-storey  structure, 
stands  on  2.9  acres  fronting  Lake  Ontario. 
It  is  so  designed  that  it  can  accommodate 
two  additional  floors  should  it  later  be 
found  necessary. 

The  ground  floor  houses  some  four 
million  claimants'  files.  The  entire  second 
floor  is  occupied  by  the  Claims  Depart- 
ment and  the  third  floor  by  the  Assess- 
ment, Statistical  and  Accounting,  Audit 
and  Collection  Departments.  The  Medical, 
Rehabilitation  and  Personnel  Administra- 
tion Departments  are  on  the  fourth  floor, 
along  with  the  Board  and  Review  Board 
rooms. 

Occupying  the  fifth  floor  are  the  Accident 
Prevention  Associations  set  up  under  Sec- 
tion 115  of  the  Act,  comprising  the 
Industrial  Accident  Prevention  Associa- 
tions, Ontario  Pulp  and  Paper  Makers' 
Safety  Association,  Class  20  Accident 
Prevention  Association  of  Ontario,  Elec- 
trical Employers  Association  of  Ontario, 
Ontario  Highway  Construction  Safety 
Association  and  the  Construction  Safety 
Association  of  Ontario. 


Pulp  and  paper  again  ranked  as  the 
largest  and  slaughtering  and  meatpacking 
remained  in  second  place,  while  non- 
ferrous  metal  smelting  and  refining  wound 
up  fourth,  the  position  held  by  motor 
vehicles  in  1949. 

The  Bureau's  list  of  the  40  leading 
manufacturing  industries  in  1950  shows 
gross  production  values  ranging  from 
$954,137,651  for  pulp  and  paper  to 
$104,853,748  for  confectionery  as  compared 
with  a  production  range  of  $836,148,393  for 
pulp  and  paper  to  $96,934,506  for  coke  and 
gas  products  in  1949. 

In  addition,  the  40  largest  industries 
accounted  for  65-9  per  cent  of  the  35,942 
estbalishments,  67  per  cent  of  the 
1,183,297  employees,  68-2  per  cent  of  the 
$2,771,267,435  payroll  and  76-1  per  cent  of 
the  $7,538,534,532  worth  of  materials  used 
in  Canadian  manufacturing  in  1950.  In 
1949  the  top  40  accounted  for  65-7  per 
cent  of  the  35,792  establishments,  66-5  per 
cent  of  the  1,171,207  employees,  67-8  of 
the  $2,591,890,657  payroll  and  76  per  cent 
of  $6,843,231,064  material  costs. 

The  line-up  of  the  leading  40  in  1950 
included  39  of  the  top  40  in  1949  but  only 
10  occupied  the  same  positions  in  both 
years.  The  coke  and  gas  products  indus- 
try, number  40  in  1949,  failed  to  make  the 
list  in  1950,  while  a  newcomer  to  the  list, 
the  refrigerators,  vacuum  cleaners  and 
appliances  industry,  ended  up  in  the 
number  37  spot.  Fifteen  industries 
bettered  their  positions  on  the  list  in  1950, 
while  14  ranked  lower  than  in  the  pre- 
ceding year. 

Among  the  top  ten,  petroleum  products 
and  sawmills  remained  the  fifth  and  sixth 
largest,  while  primary  iron  and  steel 
moved  up  to  seventh  from  eighth  and 
butter  and  cheese  moved  down  to  eighth 
from  seventh.  Cotton  yarn  and  cloth 
ranked  ninth  in  1950  as  compared  with 
twelfth  in  1949,  railway  rolling  stock 
tumbling  from  ninth  position  in  1949  to 
the  number  16  spot  in  1950.  Flour  mills 
ranked  tenth  in  both  years. 


Motor  Vehicle  Industry 

Now   Our  Third  Largest 

Motor  vehicles  replaced  non-ferrous 
metal  smelting  and  refining  as  Canada's 
third  largest  manufacturing  industry  in 
terms  of  gross  value  of  products  in  1950, 
according  to  the  general  review  of  the 
manufacturing  industries  of  Canada  for 
1950  published  by  the  Dominion  Bureau  of 
Statistics. 


Railroad  Trainmen  Mark 
70th  Anniversary 

The  70th  anniversary  of  the  formation 
of  the  Brotherhood  of  Railroad  Trainmen 
was  celebrated  in  Oneonta,  N.Y.,  on 
September  23  in  the  same  caboose  in  which 
eight  brakemen  and  switchmen  met  to 
organize  the  union  in  1883.  The  caboose 
is  stationed  under  a  canopy  in  a  park  in 
that  city. 


1428 


Expenditure  on  Education 
At  Record  Level  in  1950 

Expenditures  on  formal  education  in 
Canada  in  1950  reached  an  all-time  peak 
figure  of  $454,139,000,  according  to  pre- 
liminary figures  released  by  the  Dominion 
Bureau  of  Statistics.  This  was  14-6  per 
cent  above  the  previous  record  total  of 
$396,387,000  spent  in  1949. 

Publicly-controlled  schools  increased  their 
expenditures  in  1950  to  $304,955,000  from 
$265,018,000  in  1949,  private  schools  to 
$16,371,000  from  $14,860,000,  universities 
and  colleges  to  $45,600,000  from  $43,114,000, 
and  business  colleges  to  $19,264,000  from 
$17,391,000. 

Provincial  grants  to  boards  of  public 
schools  in  1950  were  raised  to  $103,305,000 
from  $91,358,000,  while  federal  government 
contributions  to  formal  education,  mainly 
for  higher  education  and  for  vocational 
training,  increased  from  $16,750,000  to 
$24,108,000. 

Enrolment  in  Canada's  32,882  schools  and 
colleges  in  the  school  year  1950-51,  was 
2,879,899,  up  from  2,795,574  in  1949-50.  At 
the  same  time,  teaching  staffs  were  in- 
creased to  105,784  from  101,341.  Enrol- 
ment in  public  secondary  schools  rose  to 
2,392,438  from  2,321,289,  while  enrolment 
in  evening  classes  rose  to  122,093  from 
115,623.  Enrolment  in  provincial  corre- 
spondence courses  fell  to  21,538  from  24,282, 
while  enrolment  in  schools  for  the  blind 
and  deaf  rose  slightly  to  1,988  from  1,962. 

The  number  of  full-time  students 
enrolled  in  normal  schools  for  the  training 
of  elementary  school  teachers  jumped  to 
10,311  from  9,968,  while  the  number 
enrolled  in  accelerated  courses  declined  to 
1,192  from  1,458.  The  number  of  students 
enrolled  for  education  courses  for  the  train- 
ing of  secondary  school  teachers  rose  to 
2,125  from  1,830. 


13.6  Per  Cent  of  Families 
Have  iVo  Medical  Costs 

Out  of  an  estimated  4,555,000  family 
units  in  Canada,  621,000,  or  13-6  per  cent 
of  the  total,  spent  nothing  for  medical, 
hospital,  dental  or  any  other  kind  of  health 
care  during  the  year  from  the  autumn  of 
1950  to  the  autumn  of  1951  and  757,000  or 
16-6  per  cent  spent  less  than  $20,  according 
to  the  third  release  by  the  Dominion 
Bureau  of  Statistics  on  the  results  of  the 
1950-51  Canadian  sickness  survey. 

Family  units  spending  $20  to  $49  were 
estimated  at  938,000,  or  20-6  per  cent  of 
the  total  number,  while  those  spending 
$50  to  $99  numbered  994,000   or  21-8  per 


cent,  forming  the  largest  group.  Next 
group,  $100  to  $199,  contained  839,000  (18-4 
per  cent);  $200  to  $499,  343,000  (7-5  per 
cent);  and  more  than  $500,  63,000  or  1-4 
per  cent. 

This  distribution  of  family  units  shows 
a  marked  variation  when  broken  down  by 
family  income.  Out  of  1,322,000  family 
units  with  incomes  less  than  $1,500,  nearly 
one-fifth  (19-8  per  cent)  spent  nothing  as 
compared  to  7-7  per  cent  of  1,864,000  with 
incomes  of  $1,500  to  $2,999,  4-3  per  cent 
of  833,000  with  incomes  of  $3,000  to  $4,999; 
and  three  per  cent  of  271,000  with  incomes 
of  $5,000  or  more. 

In  the  lowest  income  group,  53  per  cent 
spent  less  than  $50  and  more  than  half 
of  these  (27-6  per  cent)  less  than  $20. 
In  the  next  income  group  ($1,500  to 
$2,999),  35-6  per  cent  spent  less  than  $50 
and  56-7  per  cent  spent  more  than  that 
amount,  25-4  per  cent  spending  $50  to  $99 
and  22-3  per  cent  from  $100  to  $199. 
Spending  moved  upward  again  in  the 
third  income  group,  $3,000  to  $4,999,  with 
25-5  per  cent  of  families  paying  out  less 
and  70-2  per  cent  more  than  $50.  Largest 
spending  group  was  29-7  per  cent  paying 
$50  to  $99  and  next  largest  25-9  per  cent 
spending  $100  to  $199,  leaving  12-7  per 
cent  with  expenditures  of  $200  to  $499  and 
1-9  per  cent  $500  or  more. 


2  .  5-Per-Cent  Annual  Rise 
Seen  in  U.S.  Ruying  Power 

An  annual  increase  at  the  rate  of  2-| 
to  three  per  cent  in  the  buying  power  of 
workers'  wages  in  the  United  States  can 
be  expected  over  the  next  ten  or  20  years, 
according  to  a  recent  study  of  wage  and 
employment  trends  conducted  by  the  Twen- 
tieth Century  Fund,  a  non-profit  foundation 
for  economic  and  social  research. 

The  800-page  study,  entitled  "Employ- 
ment and  Wages  in  the  United  States", 
points  out  that  rising  real  wages  depend 
on  high  productivity.  This  in  turn  stems 
from  new  devices  and  new  methods  of 
production.  Therefore,  the  study  asserts, 
continuance  of  the  trend  toward  a  higher 
standard  of  living  will  depend  on  main- 
taining or  even  speeding  up  the  pace  of 
technological  advance  in  industry. 

Both  labour  and  management,  the  study 
notes,  have  been  increasingly  concerned  of 
late  with  finding  long-range  policies  to 
provide  guidance  in  wage  negotiations. 
One  such  principle  is  the  wage-productivity 
relationship,  the  study  points  out,  adding 
that  acceptance  of  this  principle  by  both 
parties  would  change  the  psychological 
climate  of  collective  bargaining. 


79025—3 


1429 


3   New   U.S.   Bills  Deal 
With  Discrimination 

Labour  legislation  enacted  this  year  by 
44  State  Legislatures  included  three  new 
bills  dealing  with  discrimination  in  employ- 
ment and  about  150  bills  improving  work- 
men's compensation  and  minimum  wage 
laws. 

The  United  States  Bureau  of  Labor 
Standards,  which  gathers  data  on  state 
labour  legislation,  reports  that  Alaska 
adopted  a  law  forbidding,  under  penalty, 
discrimination  in  employment  because  of 
race,  religion  or  place  of  national  origin. 
Kansas  enacted  a  law  which  seeks  through 
persuasion,  without  penalties,  fair  employ- 
ment policies.  Iowa  appointed  a  study 
commission  to  make  recommendations  on 
the  subject  to  the  next  legislative  session. 
Eleven  other  states  already  have  mandatory 
anti-discrimination  laws. 

North  Dakota  repealed  a  law  requiring 
unions  to  file  financial  reports.  Both 
North  Dakota  and  Oregon  established 
procedures  for  supervised  union  repre- 
sentation elections  and  the  investigation  of 
labour-management  complaints. 

Arkansas  passed  a  law  forbidding  pickets 
to  interfere  with  railroad  trains. 

Twelve  states  of  the  U.S.A.  have  laws 
forbidding  any  kind  of  compulsory 
unionism.  Four  more  have  laws  placing 
restrictions  in  some  degree  on  compulsory 
union  membership.  None  of  these  laws 
were  repealed  this  year.  In  six  states,  new- 
bills  of  this  nature  were  introduced  but 
defeated. 


Vocational   Training  Plan 
Shows  Results  in  Israel 

The  Israeli  Government,  through  its 
Ministry  of  Labour,  has  embarked  on  an 
extensive  vocational  training  program. 
Between  1949  and  the  end  of  1952,  more 
than  40,000  students  have  undergone  train- 
ing, 30,000  of  whom  have  learned  new 
trades.  More  than  one-and-a-half  million 
Israel  pounds  have  been  expended  on  the 
program. 

Faced  with  the  increasing  demands  of 
her  rapid  industrial  development  and  large 
numbers  of  untrained  workers,  Israel  has 
need  for  a  continuing  program,  the  Gov- 
ernment reports.  Even  under  conditions 
of  less  than  full  employment,  shortages  of 
skilled  labour  are  occurring  in  many 
branches  of  industry. 

The  vocational  training  section  started 
operations  in  1949  with  the  building  trades. 
Training  was  done  on  the  job,  financed  and 
supervised  by  the  Ministry  of  Labour  and 


executed  by  the  union.  Next  to  receive 
attention  were  the  metal  and  woodworking 
trades,  followed  by  clerical  work  and 
practical  nursing.  Courses  were  also  given 
in  printing,  baking,  diamond  polishing,  and 
freshwater  fishing  and  net  mending. 
Special  courses  were  conducted  for  the 
handicapped. 

More  than  1,000  supervisors  have 
received  refresher  courses  in  their  fields 
and  have  had  instruction  in  the  psycho- 
logical-pedagogic aspects  of  supervision. 
Most  of  the  program  consists  of  training 
within  industry,  introduced  by  Interna- 
tional Labour  Office  experts. 


Lists   Six  Major  Needs 
In   Education  Research 

Dr.  J.  D.  Ayers,  of  Ottawa,  Research 
Director  of  the  Canadian  Teachers  Fed- 
eration, speaking  at  the  organization's 
32nd  meeting  in  Montreal,  listed  what  he 
considers  to  be  the  six  most  pressing  needs 
in  educational  research  today. 

In  brief,  they  are:  investigation  into 
educational  costs  and  the  financial  com- 
petence of  the  provinces;  recruiting  and 
selection  of  teachers;  training  of  teachers; 
teaching  of  citizenship  in  Canadian  schools; 
study  of  basic  curricula;  and  research  into 
public  opinion  concerning  education. 

Training  and  selection  of  teachers  is  to 
be  the  main  theme  at  the  1954  world  con- 
ference of  organizations  of  the  teaching 
profession,  the  delegates  were  informed. 


Income   in   U.S.   Spread 
More   Evenly   Now 

Salary  and  wage  incomes  in  the  United 
States  are  now  spread  more  evenly  than 
they  were  in  1939,  according  to  a  recent 
survey  made  by  the  Bureau  of  the  Census. 

The  Bureau  found  that  the  share  of 
national  income  received  by  the  middle 
wage  and  salary  groups  showed  an  in- 
crease in  1951  compared  with  12  years 
before,  while  that  of  those  on  the  lowest 
and  highest  brackets  declined. 

Those  with  annual  incomes  of  $799  or 
less  earned  three  per  cent  of  the  total 
salary  and  wage  income  of  the  nation  in 
1951  compared  with  3-4  per  cent  in  1939. 
Those  making  $3,885  and  more  per  year 
received  41-6  per  cent  of  the  national 
income  in  1951  compared  with  49-3  per 
cent  in  1939. 

Sharp  increases  in  earnings  occurred 
between  1939  and  1951.  the  survey  showed. 
During  the  period  the  wage  or  salary  of 
the  average  employee  tripled,  increasing 
from  about  $800  to  $2,400. 


1430 


Effects  of  Plant  Expansion  on 

Employment  in  Canada,  1948-53 

At  least  19,000  additional  workers  required  to  staff  new  plants  and 
additions  built  or  completed  during  1953.  Expansion  of  manufacturing 
facilities  since   1948   has    resulted  in  an   estimated    104,200  new  jobs 


The  staffing  of  new  manufacturing  plants 
and  plant  additions  built  or  completed  in 
Canada  during  1953  will  require  at  least 
19,000    additional   workers. 

This  estimated  total  is  second  only  to 
the  record  reached  in  1952,  when  34,000 
new  jobs  became  available  in  manufac- 
turing industries  as  the  result  of  construc- 
tion of  new  facilities.  The  main  reason 
for  the  drop  in  the  number  of  new  jobs 
in  1953  is  that  last  year  15,000  jobs  were 
provided  by  the  expansion  of  aircraft 
manufacturing  facilities  whereas  this  year 
only  1,300  new  jobs  will  be  created  in  this 
industry. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  expansion  of 
Canadian  manufacturing  facilities  since  the 
beginning  of  1948  has  resulted  in  the 
creation  of  104,200  new  jobs. 

An  industrial  breakdown  of  over-all  plant 
expansion  in  1953  indicates  that  75  per 
cent  of  the  new  manufacturing  jobs  this 
year  will  be  in  the  chemical,  electrical 
apparatus,  iron  and  steel  products  and 
transportation  equipment  industries.  For 
the  five-year  period  1948-1952,  about  60 
per  cent  of  all  new  manufacturing  jobs 
resulting  from  the  construction  of  new 
plants  or  plant  additions  developed  in 
these   four   industries. 

New  Jobs  in  Selected  Industries,  1948-1953 


Thousand 

25 
20 
15 
10 
5 

- 

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CHE 

MICAl 

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NSPO 
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The  regular  survey  on  the  effects  of 
plant  expansion  on  labour  requirements, 
conducted  by  the  Economics  and  Research 
Branch  of  the  Department  of  Labour, 
provides  information  on  the  number  of 
new  jobs  created  by  the  completion  of 
new  manufacturing  plant  facilities  every 
year  since  1948.  Fairly  complete  in- 
formation respecting  the  number  of  plant 
expansions,  the  date  of  completion  and 
the  number  of  workers  required  to  staff 
new  facilities,  which  is  obtained  from 
employers,  is  known  well  in  advance  of 
the  end  of  any  current  year. 

The  number  of  new  jobs  quoted  in 
this  article  is  based  on  the  assumption 
that  the  new  facilities  will  operate  at 
full   capacity  on  completion. 


Chemical  industry. — The  expansion  of 
plant  facilities  in  the  chemical  industry 
has  created  a  total  of  6,900  new  jobs  from 
1948  to  1953,  of  which  2,400  are  becoming 
available  this  year.  The  1953  total  is  a 
yearly  record  since  1948.  The  relation  of 
the  number  of  new  jobs  to  present  employ- 
ment shows  the  chemical  industry  to  be 
the  fastest-growing  sector  in  manufacturing 
at  present.  Employment  in  the  industry 
increased  14  per  cent  from  39,800  workers 
in  1948  to  45,600  in  1952  and  plant 
expansion  was  largely  responsible  for  this 
growth. 

Most  of  the  new  jobs  in  the  chemical 
industry  in  1953  are  the  result  of  heavy 
expansion  in  the  field  of  synthetic  textiles. 
Other  expansion  is  largely  in  the  plastics 
and  industrial  chemicals  divisions.  About 
1,500  workers  are  being  hired  in  three  new 
synthetic  textile  plants,  two  of  which,  at 
Edmonton,  Alta.,  will  employ  a  total  of 
900  workers,  and  one,  at  Maitland,  Ont., 
600  workers.  Another  large  new  chemical 
plant  to  be  completed  in  1953  at  Cornwall, 
Ont.,  will  employ  up  to  200  workers  in 
the  manufacture  of  transparent  cellulose 
film  and  other  packaging  materials.  Alto- 
gether, 18  new  plant  facilities  will  be 
completed  in  Ontario  during  1953  and  will 
employ  an  estimated  1,200  additional 
workers  in  such  places  as  Maitland,  Sarnia, 
Welland,  Toronto  and  Cornwall.  In 
Quebec,  300  new  jobs  are  being  created, 
mostly  in  the  Montreal  area. 


79025— 31 


1431 


New  Jobs  in  Chemical  Industry,  1948-1953  New  Jobs,  Transportation  Equipment,  1948-1953 


Thousands - 

7 
6 

5 
4 
3 
2 
1 


1948  1949  1950  1951   1952  1953 


Transportation    equipment    industry. — 

A  total  of  28,100  new  jobs  has  developed 
from  1948  to  1953  through  expansion  of 
plant  capacity  in  the  transportation  equip- 
ment industry.  Of  these,  6,600  are 
expected  to  become  available  this  year. 
The  expansion  in  1953  is  largely  concen- 
trated in  the  automotive  division.  This 
is  in  marked  contrast  to  1952,  when  growth 
was  almost  entirely  centered  in  aircraft 
manufacturing.  A  total  of  15,000  new  jobs 
resulted  from  expansion  of  aircraft  facili- 
ties during  1952;  only  about  1,300  new 
jobs  are  expected  in  aircraft  this  year. 

Regionally,  the  expansion  is  heavil}' 
concentrated  in  Ontario  in  1953,  where 
about  5,100  new  jobs  are  expected  to  open 
up.  In  Quebec,  1,500  new  jobs  are 
anticipated.  The  high  total  in  Ontario  is 
mainly  the  result  of  the  erection  of  a  very 
large  automotive  assembly  plant  at  Oak- 
ville,  which  is  expected  to  employ  4,000 
workers  when  capacity  production  is 
reached. 

From  1948  to  1950,  total  employment 
in  the  transportation  equipment  industry 
declined  slightly  but  in  1951,  the  defence 
program  stimulated  rapid  expansion  and 
by  1952,  employment  had  increased  to 
144,400  workers  from  104,400  in  1950. 

Electrical  apparatus. — From  1948  to 
1953,  the  construction  of  new  plant  facili- 
ties for  the  manufacture  of  electrical 
apparatus  provided  11,900  new  jobs.  The 
2,800  created  in  1923  marks  a  reduction 
from  the  record  of.  4,200  set*  in  1952.  The 
1953  total  is,  however,  the  second  highest 
since  1948.  Expansion  in  1953  is  heavily 
concentrated  in  Ontario,  where  2,150  new 
openings  are  reported.  Most  of  the 
remaining  new  jobs  will  be  in  Quebec. 


Thousands 

7       - 

6 

5 

4 

3       - 

2 

1 


16,400 


1948     1949     1950     1951      1952     1953 


The  type  of  expansion  in  this  industry 
this  year  differs  from  last  year's.  In  1952, 
it  was  largely  the  result  of  increased 
requirements  for  the  production  of  defence 
items.  This  year,  expansion  is  more 
heavily  concentrated  in  the  consumer  and 
producer  goods  sector.  The  recent  intro- 
duction of  television  stations  at  Montreal, 
Toronto  and  Ottawa  greatly  stimulated 
sales  of  television  sets  and  many  firms  are 
expanding  plant  capacity  and  employment 
in  response  to  these  higher  sales.  At  least 
six  firms  are  expanding  production  of 
television  sets  and  will  employ  a  total  of 
about  1,000  new  employees.  Very  little  if 
any  expansion  is  occurring  in  firms  pro- 
ducing other  household  appliances  such  as 
refrigerators,   etc. 

Total  employment  in  the  electrical 
apparatus  industry  increased  21  per  cent 
from  an  average  of  56,000  workers  in  1948 
to  67,700  in  1952. 

Iron  and  steel  products  industry. — New 

plant  facilities  in  the  iron  and  steel 
products  industry  have  provided  a  total  of 
15,100  new  jobs  from  1948  to  1953. 
Present  indications  are  that  at  least  2,800 
new  jobs  will  result  from  the  opening  of 
new  plant  facilities  in  1953.  This  total' 
is  slightly  lower  than  the  record  in  1952, 
when  3,400  new  jobs  were  created.  It  is 
considerably  higher,  however,  than  the 
annual  totals  for  the  years  1949  to  1951. 

From  1948  to  1952  employment  in  the 
iron  and  steel  products  industry  increased 
11  per  cent  from  167,800  to  186,800  workers. 
In  recent  j'ears  employment  reflected  the 
pattern  of  expansion  in  the  industry. 
Average      yearly      employment      dropped 


1432 


New  Jobs,  Electrical  Apparatus  Industry,  1948-53      New  Jobs,  Iron  and  Steel  Products,  1948-1953 


Thoosoods  — 

7  - 

6  - 

5  - 

4  — 

3  - 
2 

1 


I 1 


1948     1949     1950     1951      1952     1953 


steadily  from  1948  to  1950,  the  employ- 
ment index  declining  to  a  low  of  215-7 
in  1950  from  222-5  in  1948  (1939  =  100). 
Through  1951  and  1952  marked  increases 
occurred  and  the  employment  index 
reached  a  high  of  247-7  in  1952. 

With  respect  to  the  industrial  sub- 
groups of  the  iron  and  steel  industry  in 
which  production  capacity  was  increased, 
the  pattern  in  1953  did  not  vary  signifi- 
cantly from  that  of  1952.  The  boiler  and 
plate-work  sector  shows  a  marked  year- 
to-year  decrease,  largely  as  a  result  of  the 
fact  that  in  1952,  the  completion  of  one 
large  defence  project  dominated  expansion 
in  this  division.  Minor  year-to-year 
decreases  in  the  number  of  new  jobs  are 


Thousands — 

7 

6 

h 

4 

3     ~ 
2     - 
1     - 

1948     1949     1950     1951     1952     1953 

anticipated  for  the  hardware  and  tools  and 
machine  tools  groups.  In  three  other 
groups,  household,  office  and  store 
machinery,  industrial  machinery  and 
primary  iron  and  steel,  the  total  number 
of  new  jobs  expected  in  1953  (1,900)  is 
considerably  higher  than  in  the  previous 
year  (850). 

Most  of  Canada's  primary  iron  and  steel 
mills  are  still  carrying  out  some  type  of 
expansion  or  modernization  program.  This 
will  greatly  add  to  the  productive  capacity 
of  basic  and  secondary  iron  and  steel  but 
the  employment  increases  directly  attrib- 
utable to  new  plant  facilities  are  light, 
amounting  to  about  300  new  jobs  in  1952 
and  500  in     1953. 


President  Eisenhower  Names  James  P.  Mitchell 

to  Succeed  Martin  Durkin  as  Labour  Secretary 


President  Eisenhower  has  named  the 
United  States  Army's  manpower  chief  to 
be  Secretary  of  Labour  to  replace  Martin 
P.  Durkin,  who  resigned  September  10 
(L.G,  Sept.,  p.  1257). 

The  new  Secretary  of  Labour  is  James  P. 
Mitchell,  former  Assistant  Secretary  of  the 
Army.    He  was  sworn  in  October  9. 

Mr.  Mitchell  is  a  Republican  of  wide 
experience  in  labour  relations  in  both 
government  and  private  industry.  A  native 
and  resident  of  New  Jersey,  he  has  been 


a  personnel  expert  for  New  York  depart- 
ment stores  and  for  various  government 
departments. 

In  press  interviews  given  at  the  time 
his  appointment  was  announced,  Secretary 
Mitchell  declined  to  comment  on  the 
dispute  over  the  amendment  of  the  Taft- 
Hartley  Act,  the  reported  cause  of  Mr. 
Durkin's  resignation.  He  told  newsmen 
that  he  would  do  "the  best  possible  job 
for  the  people  of  the  United  States". 

Mr.  Mitchell,  who  is  50  years  old,  is  a 
Catholic,  as  was  the  former  Secretary, 
Mr.  Durkin. 


1433 


Thirteenth  Annual  Convention 

of  Canadian  Congress  of  Labour 

Talk  of  labour  unity  much  in  evidence  during  week-long  meeting  of  866 
delegates.  President  A.  R.  Mosher,  all  principal  officers  re-elected. 
Jurisdictional  dispute  between  two  CCL  unions  mars  unity  atmosphere 


Talk  of  labour  unity  was  in  the  air 
during  much  of  the  13th  annual  convention 
of  the  375,000-member  Canadian  Congress 
of  Labour  in  Montreal,  September  14  to  18. 
Accredited  delegates  totalled  866. 

The  convention's  opening  moments  pro- 
vided the  first  reference  to  unity  when  a 
Vice-president  of  the  Trades  and  Labour 
Congress,  Claude  Jodoin,  appeared  on  the 
platform  to  bring  the  city  of  Montreal's 
welcome  to  the  delegates  (see  box,  p.  1435). 
CCL  President  A.  R.  Mosher,  who  was 
returned  to  office  along  with  his  principal 
officers,  devoted  a  great  deal  of  his  presi- 
dential address  to  labour  unity. 

The  convention  adopted  a  resolution 
urging  close  co-operation  at  all  levels  and 
on  all  phases  of  union  activity  with 
Canada's   other   central   labour   bodies. 

A  unified  approach  to  the  housing  prob- 
lem was  recommended  in  another  resolu- 
tion approved  by  the  delegates.  This 
resolution  called  on  the  CCL  to  ask  other 
central  labour  organizations  to  join  with  it 
in  making  representation  to  the  Govern- 
ment to  urge  a  solution  to  the  country's 
housing  shortage. 

The  atmosphere  of  willingness  to  seek 
unity  was  marred,  however,  by  the  hearing 
of  a  jurisdictional  dispute  between  two 
CCL  unions.  The  convention,  going 
counter  to  the  wishes  of  the  executive, 
granted  organizing  rights  in  two  Edmonton 
petro-chemical  plants  to  the  Oil  Workers' 
International  Union,  reversing  a  previous 
decision  of  a  CCL  jurisdictional  committee 
which  had  awarded  them  to  District  50, 
United  Mine  Workers. 

A  multi-clause  resolution  denning  the 
CCL's  foreign  policy  included  condemna- 
tion of  Soviet  Russia  and  a  call  for  Cana- 
dian recognition  of  Red  China.  Two 
resolutions  dealing  with  under-developed 
countries  asked  for  increases  in  Canadian 
grants  to  the  Colombo  Plan  and  to  the 
United  Nations  Technical  Assistance  Pro- 
gram and  recommended  contributions  by 
all  CCL  members  to  the  regional  activities 
fund  of  the  International  Confederation  of 
Free  Trade  Unions. 

The  convention  voted  to  continue  poli- 
tical   affiliation    with    the    CCF    party    and 


rejected  a  bid  to  permit  re-affiliation  of 
unions  expelled  at  earlier  conventions  for 
communist   activities. 

The  federal  Government  was  criticized 
for  a  "do-nothing"  attitude  towards  the 
textile,  coal  mining  and  farm  implement 
industries.  A  farm  implement  council  was 
set  up  to  seek  a  solution  to  the  unemploy- 
ment problem  in  that  industry. 

Also  criticized  was  present  labour  legis- 
lation in  Canada,  both  federal  and 
provincial. 

The  convention  named  the  CCL  execu- 
tive as  a  national  strike  committee  to 
direct  the  marshalling  of  assistance  to 
striking  gold  miners  in  Northern  Ontario 
and  Quebec. 

The  refusal  to  adopt  the  35-hour  work 
week  as  a  Congress  objective  and  the 
launching  of  an  organization  campaign 
among  white-collar  workers  were  other 
noteworthy  occurrences  at  the  convention. 

Walter  Reuther,  President  of  the  Con- 
gress of  Industrial  Organizations,  was  guest 
speaker  at  the  convention  banquet.  He 
declared  that  the  feeding  of  the  hungry 
peoples  of  the  world  is  a  better  way  to 
combat  Communism  than  the  creation  of 
armies  and  the  stock-piling  of  atomic 
bombs.  He  also  dealt  briefly  with  Labour's 
problems,  including  the  quest  for  a  guaran- 
teed annual  wage.  A  resolution  recom- 
mending the  establishment  of  a  committee 
to  study  the  guaranteed  annual  wage  ques- 
tion did  not  reach  the  convention  floor 
before  adjournment. 

Other  speakers  included  the  Hon.  Milton 
F.  Gregg,  Minister  of  Labour;  A.  F. 
Hartung,  President  of  the  International 
Woodworkers  of  America ;  and  Henry 
Young,  Vice-chairman  of  the  Interpro- 
vincial  Farm   Conference. 

A.  R.  Mosher 

"Labour  unity  must  be  recognized  as 
an  important  objective,  which  must  be 
attained  if  we  are  to  achieve  maximum 
results  for  our  members",  said  A.  R. 
Mosher  in  his  presidential  address  to  the 
13th  annual  convention  of  the  Canadian 
Congress  of  Labour. 


1434 


"No  one  who  has  not  been  closely 
associated  with  the  labour  movement  can 
realize  how  much  it  has  been  weakened  by 
disunity  in  our  ranks,"  said  Mr.  Mosher, 
adding  that  "it  is  very  gratifying  to  me  to 
note  that  there  is  a  growing  tendency  for 
unions,  which  have  for  many  years  been 
competing  for  membership  in  the  same 
industries,  to  agree  that  competition 
and  bitter  rivalry  are  harmful  to  their 
members." 

While  labour  unity  was  the  major  topic 
of  his  speech,  the  CCL  President  also 
dealt  with  the  importance  of  political 
action  by  organized  labour,  housing,  full 
utilization  of  the  country's  productive 
capacity,  and  aid  to  under-developed  areas. 

Organizing  the  unorganized  workers  of 
Canada  is  "our  primary  task,"  said  Mr. 
Mosher.  But  that  task  "ultimately  involves 
not  only  obtaining  the  membership  and 
loyal  support  of  the  largest  possible  num- 
ber of  eligible  workers,  but  also  attaining 
unity  between  the  various  groups  into 
which  the  Canadian  labour  movement  is 
now  divided. 

"While  we  should  be  concerned  about 
those  factors  which  have  hitherto  pre- 
vented our  bringing  about  closer  relation- 
ships between  the  central  labour  bodies  in 
Canada,  we  should  not,  in  my  opinion, 
become  discouraged,  or  cease  our  efforts  in 
this  direction.  Economic  pressure  will 
sooner  or  later  force  the  workers  of 
Canada  to  seek  a  unified  labour  movement, 
based  on  sound  and  enduring  principles  of 
freedom  and  justice.  Wasteful  and 
inefficient  methods  of  organization  will 
inevitably  be  discarded  between  all  labour 
organizations,  in  Canada  and  throughout 
the  world." 

Mr.  Mosher  went  on  to  say  "I  should 
not  like  to  give  the  impression  that  we 
favour  unity  at  any  price,  or  that  past 
differences  and  divisions  have  not  served 
a  useful  purpose.  In  fact,  it  is  quite  likely 
that  these  divisions  helped  to  expose 
weaknesses  and  lack  of  perspective." 

Referring  to  the  establishment  of  the 
CIO  and  the  creation  of  industrial  unions 
as  the  means  by  which  "millions"  of 
workers  in  the  mass-production  industries 
in  the  United  States  and  Canada  have 
obtained  improved  wages  and  working 
conditions,  he  stated  that  "the  fact  that  a 
division  in  the  ranks  of  labour  became 
necessary  to  meet  the  evolutionary  devel- 
opment of  industry  on  this  continent 
should  not  remain  a  permanent  barrier  to 
unification." 

Workers,  he  said,  "whether  they  are 
engaged  in  craft  or  mass-production  indus- 


Delegates  filing  into  the  hall  on  the 
first  morning  of  the  CCL  convention 
were  confronted  with  a  sight  that  must 
have  made  many  of  them  think  that 
labour  unity  was  about  to  be  effected. 
There  on  the  platform,  alongside  the 
CCL's  executive  officers,  was  Claude 
Jodoin,  a  Vice-president  of  the  Trades 
and  Labour  Congress.  During  the 
opening  ceremonies  they  learned,  how- 
ever, that  Mr.  Jodoin,  a  Montreal 
alderman,  was  there  to  bring  the  city's 
welcome  to  them,  deputizing  for  Mayor 
Camillien  Houde,  who  was  out  of  town. 

Mr.  Jodoin  did  hint  that  unification 
of  the  CCL  and  the  TLC  might  event- 
ually come  to  pass.  "I  am  not  a 
fraternal  delegate  this  time,"  he  said, 
"but  one  never  knows  what  the  future 
will  bring."  The  delegates  cheered. 
The  TLC  Vice-president  mentioned  the 
50  years  of  co-operation  between  his 
union,  the  International  Ladies'  Gar- 
ment Workers'  Union,  and  the  CCL's 
Amalgamated  Clothing  Workers  of 
America  as  a  "good  example"  to  the 
whole  labour  movement. 

Gerard  Rancourt,  President  of  the 
Montreal  Labour  Council,  host  organ- 
ization, said  "Mr.  Jodoin's  presence  has 
a  special  significance  at  the  present 
time."  He  then  told  the  delegates  that 
"the  Montreal  Labour  Council  has 
worked  and  will  continue  to  work  with 
other  labour  groups  in  this  city." 


tries,  have  common  interests  which  form 
the  basis  of  their  association  in  the  labour 
movement." 

At  this  point  Mr.  Mosher  departed  from 
his  prepared  text  to  make  mention  of  the 
conventions,  held  concurrently  in  Toronto, 
of  the  Amalgamated  Lithographers  of 
America,  a  CIO-CCL  affiliate,  and  the 
International  PhotoJEngravers'  Union  of 
North  America,  an  AFL-TLC  union. 
Presidents  of  the  two  unions,  he  reported, 
had  addressed  the  convention  of  each 
other's  union.  "I  hope,"  Mr.  Mosher  said, 
"that  all  labour  organizations,  inter- 
national, national  or  regional,  will  some  day 
join  in  one  central  organization."  The 
delegates  cheered  this  statement. 

He  called  upon  all  councils  and  pro- 
vincial federations  to  promote  good  rela- 
tionship with  similar  groups  chartered  by 
other  central  labour  bodies,  and  to 
co-operate  as  fully  as  circumstances  permit 
in  all  their  activities. 

"I  think  it  is  especially  important  that 
we  continue  our  efforts  to  arrange  for  joint 


1435 


representations  to  governments,  parliamen- 
tary or  legislative  committees,  and  similar 
bodies,"  he  said. 

Mr.  Mosher  reported  that  on  several 
occasions  during  the  past  year,  he  and  the 
President  of  the  Trades  and  Labour  Con- 
gress of  Canada  had  made  joint  statements 
in  the  name  of  both  Congresses,  the  most 
recent  of  which  was  a  joint  protest  to  the 
Soviet  Embassy  in  Ottawa  condemning 
the  attacks  which  were  then  being  made 
on  East  German  workers  by  Soviet  troops 
and  tanks. 

Mr.  Mosher  also  mentioned  that  both 
congresses  and  the  Canadian  and  Catholic 
Confederation  of  Labour  had  co-operated 
for  several  years  in  arranging  meetings  of 
employee  members  of  Courts  of  Referees 
for  Unemployment  Insurance  in  Ontario 
and  Quebec,  and  in  representations  to  the 
House  of  Commons  Special  Committee 
dealing  with  amendments  to  the  Criminal 
Code. 

"Such  evidences  of  co-operation  are  most 
encouraging,  and  I  am  confident  that  more 
and  more  progress  along  these  lines  will  be 
made,"  he  said. 

On  the  general  labour  situation,  Mr. 
Mosher  said  that  although  collective  bar- 
gaining during  the  past  year  had  followed 
very  much  the  same  pattern  as  in  recent 
years,  with  some  spectacular  gains  and 
fewer  strikes,  there  was  a  tendency  toward 
greater  employer  resistance. 

"This  tendency  will,  I  believe,  continue 
during  the  months  ahead,  and  we  must  be 
prepared  to  take  whatever  action  may  be 
necessary  to  prevent  living  standards  from 
becoming  stabilized  at  their  present  levels, 
when  by  proper  use  of  our  resources  and 
productive  capacity  we  might  improve 
them,"  he  said. 

Here  Mr.  Mosher  made  particular  refer- 
ence to  the  strikes  in  progress  in  several 
gold  mines  in  Northern  Ontario  and 
Quebec.  These  strikes,  he  said,  "represent 
one  of  the  most  important  struggles  in 
which  our  movement  has  engaged  in 
recent  years,  and  it  is  important  that  we 
unite  in  supporting  them". 

Mr.  Mosher  then  emphasized  "the 
tremendous  importance  of  developing  the 
political  arm  of  labour,  in  order  that  we 
may  make  our  influence  felt  in  Parliament 
and  legislatures  and  other  governing  bodies, 
commensurate  with  our  numerical  strength 
and  importance  in  the  nation". 

He  said  that  "to  the  extent  of  our  ability, 
we  should  participate  in  determining  and 
administering  the  laws  that  govern  us. 

"Our  political  set-up  in  Canada,  which 
provides  representation  only  through  poli- 
tical  parties,    requires    us    to    endorse    and 


support  a  political  party  pledged  to  accept, 
as  a  guiding  principle,  our  legislative  pro- 
gram, and  that  is  what  our  congress  is 
doing." 

On  the  subject  of  housing,  Mr.  Mosher 
said  that  the  time  has  come  when  organized 
labour  must  do  more  than  make  demands 
upon  the  Government  for  legislation  to 
provide  low  rental  or  other  housing  for  the 
many  thousands  who  find  it  impossible  to 
secure  proper  shelter  for  themselves  and 
their  families. 

"I  therefore  strongly  urge  that  the  Con- 
gress and  its  affiliates  give  serious  con- 
sideration to  the  development  of  co-opera- 
tive housing  schemes  to  meet  the  needs  of 
the  workers  in  this  respect." 

The  productive  capacity  of  the  labour 
force  in  Canada  is  not  being  utilized  to  its 
fullest  extent,  continued  Mr.  Mosher,  add- 
ing that  "in  a  so-called  free  enterprise 
economy,  it  is  not  possible  to  attain  full 
employment,  even  in  a  time  of  great  need. 

"There  is  undoubtedly  a  place  for  some 
forms  of  free  enterprise  in  our  national 
economy  but  extending  it  to  embrace  these 
industries  upon  which  we  must  depend  for 
our  minimum  subsistence  not  only  leads  to 
abuse  and  exploitation,  but  places  the  very 
existence  of  great  masses  of  the  people  in 
the  hands  of  a  few  whose  chief  concern  is 
not  always  the  best  interests  of  the  workers 
and  other  consumers. 

"Duplication  of  effort  in  the  production 
and  distribution  of  essential  commodities, 
which  is  inevitable  in  a  free  enterprise 
system,  wastes  man-power,  thus  adding  to 
the  cost  of  production,  and  resulting  in 
under-consumption.  If  competition  and 
the  struggle  for  private  profit  did  not  in 
any  way  interfere  with  the  production  and 
distribution  of  those  commodities  which 
are  essential  to  a  minimum  standard  of 
health  and  decency,  there  would  be  little 
cause  for  complaint.  Unfortunately,  how- 
ever, the  necessities  of  life  are  juggled  in 
the  same  manner  as  non-essentials,  without 
regard  for  the  added  cost  which  the  con- 
sumer must  pay." 

To  the  suggestion  that  competitive  enter- 
prise creates  jobs  and  wages,  Mr.  Mosher 
said: 

"My  answer  to  this  is  that  work  is  good 
for  us  but  wasteful  effort  neither  increases 
our  productivity  nor  improves  our  standard 
of  living.  The  proper  use  of  human  and 
material  resources  is  more  important  than 
work  for  the  sake  of  the  mental  and 
physical  energy  required  to  perform  it. 

"We  need  more  and  better  homes,  more 
and  better  food  and  clothing  for  the  men, 
women  and  children  in  the  depressed  areas 
of  the  world  .  .  .  before  we  carry  on  activi- 


1436 


4  ■ '  :  5-»ou5 


Opening  ceremonies  at  the  CCL's  13th  annual  convention.  Pictured  are:  (left  to 
right)  R.  J.  Lamoureux,  President,  Quebec  Federation  of  Industrial  Unions;  A.  R. 
Mosher,  CCL  President;  Gerard  Rancourt,  President,  Montreal  Labour  Council;  Rev. 
Henri  Pepin,  Chaplain  of  the  Quebec  Apprenticeship  Schools;  Claude  Jodoin,  a 
TLC  Vice-president,  who,  as  a  Montreal  councillor,  conveyed  the  welcome  of  the 
city   of   Montreal   to   the   delegates;    Silby    Barrett    and    Sol    Spivak,   Vice-presidents. 


ties  equivalent  to  digging  holes  in  the  earth 
and  rilling  them  up  again,  merely  to  pro- 
vide work." 

Here  Mr.  Mosher,  in  another  departure 
from  his  prepared  text,  attacked  a  sugges- 
tion that  compulsory  arbitration  be  sub- 
stituted for  strikes  in  disputes  involving 
public  health  and  safety.  The  suggestion 
had  been  made  a  few  days  earlier  in  a 
resolution  passed  by  the  Canadian  Bar 
Association  in  convention  at  Quebec  City 
(see  p.  1426). 

"The  labour  movement  is  unwilling  to 
accept  arbitration  or  forgo  its  right  to 
strike,"  said  Mr.  Mosher. 

"We  have  learned  from  bitter  experience 
how  broad  an  interpretation  the  courts  can 
place  on  public  health  and  safety.  Legis- 
lation of  that  character  could  have  no 
other  effect  than  to  make  slaves  of  the 
workers,  and  unless  I  am  greatly  mistaken, 
organized  labour  will  not  only  resist  any 
further  curtailment  of  its  rights  but  will 
continue  its  efforts  to  remove  the  restric- 
tions presently  in  effect  which  hamper  and 
retard  its  legitimate  activities." 


As  an  indication  of  the  progress  the 
Congress  had  made  during  the  past  year, 
Mr.  Mosher  mentioned  the  establishment 
of  two  new  departments:  a  Department  for 
International  Affairs  and  a  Department  of 
Organization. 

Returning  to  the  subject  of  unity,  Mr. 
Mosher  concluded  his  address  by  saying: 

"The  labour  movement  cannot  be 
strengthened  or  its  status  improved  by 
dwelling  upon  differences  of  opinion,  to  the 
exclusion  of  the  many  matters  of  funda- 
mental importance  upon  which  we  agree. 
Let  us  therefore  adopt  a  positive  point  of 
view,  and  endeavour  to  obtain  the  widest 
possible  support  for  constructive  action  on 
fundamental  issues,  believing  that  ulti- 
mately all  existing  differences  will  be 
cleared  away,  and  a  unified  labour  move- 
ment will  embrace  all  free  trade  unions  in 
Canada.  The  necessity  of  progress  in  this 
direction  is  apparent  to  all  who  give  the 
question  serious  consideration,  and  I  am 
convinced  that,  if  we  have  the  will,  we  shall 
find  the  way  toward  the  fulfilment  of  our 
highest  hopes  and  aspirations  in  this 
regard." 


1437 


Labour  Unity 

The  CCL  made  a  move  towards  labour 
unity  when  it  adopted  a  resolution  urging 
close  co-operation  at  all  levels  and  on  all 
phases  of  union  activity  with  Canada's 
other  bona  fide  central  labour  bodies. 

This  year's  resolution  is  more  specific 
than  the  one  adopted  at  the  1952  conven- 
tion in  that  it  urges  labour  councils  and 
provincial  federations  to  establish  joint 
meetings  with  the  labour  councils  and 
federations  of  the  TLC  and  CCCL  and 
with  the  railway  brotherhoods.  Last  year's 
resolution  called  only  for  an  approach  to 
the  other  groups  "with  a  view  to  obtaining 
united  action  on  all  questions  affecting 
Canadian  Labour". 

The  move  followed  close  on  the  heels  of 
the  TLC's  decision,  taken  at  its  convention 
in  August,  to  explore  further  steps  towards 
eventual  organic  unity  and  to  urge  its 
affiliates  to  refrain  from  raiding  (L.G., 
Sept.,  p.  1274). 

The  resolution  adopted  was  a  substitute 
for  three  others,  one  of  which  called  for  an 
end  to  raiding,  one  for  a  program  of  united 
action  and  one  for  joint  meetings,  a  recom- 
mendation retained  in  the  substitute 
motion. 

The  resolution,  adopted  after  surprisingly 
little  discussion,  was  as  follows: 

Whereas  this  convention  notes  with 
pleasure  the  continuation  of  the  Congress 
policy  of  united  action,  wherever  possible, 
with  other  bona  fide  central  labour  bodies 
on  all  matters  of  mutual  interest  and  to 
withstand  the  many  attacks  being  made 
against  organized  labour  by  employer 
interests  and  government  agencies  which  are 
designed  to  weaken  and  divide  the  labour 
movement,   and 

Whereas,  while  we  recognize  the  autonomy 
of  our  affiliated  unions,  action  to  accelerate 
this  very  necessary  move  towards  closer 
co-operation  should  be  encouraged  at  other 
levels  of  the  union  movement. 

Therefore  be  it  resolved  that  this  conven- 
tion reaffirm  the  endorsation  of  Congress 
policy  in  this  connection  and  further  suggest 
that  labour  councils  and  provincial  federa- 
tions be  urged  to  establish  joint  meetings 
with  the  labour  councils  and  federations  of 
the  TLC  and  the  CCCL  and  with  the  rail- 
way brotherhoods  to  work  out  co-operative 
activities  on  all  phases  of  union  work. 

The  only  speaker  opposed  to  the  resolu- 
tion was  William  Stewart  of  the  Marine 
and  Shipbuilding  Workers,  who  asked  why 
the  resolution  made  no  recommendation  to 
outlaw  raiding.  He  also  thought  indepen- 
dent unions  should  be  named  in  the 
resolution. 


Resolutions  Chairman  Harry  Chappell 
replied  that  the  question  of  raiding  could 
be  worked  out  through  the  co-operation  on 
all  levels  recommended  by   the   resolution. 

Housing 

The  CCL  has  decided  to  ask  other  Cana- 
dian central  labour  organizations  to  join 
with  it  in  making  representation  to  the 
Government  to  urge  a  solution  to  the 
country's  "acute  housing  shortage".  The 
recommended  solution:  public,  low-cost 
and  low-rent  housing  plans. 

The  convention  approved  unanimously  a 
resolution  calling  on  the  CCL  to  seek  the 
co-operation  of  the  Trades  and  Labour 
Congress  and  the  Canadian  and  Catholic 
Confederation  of  Labour  in  a  joint  repre- 
sentation to  the  federal  Cabinet. 

The  original  motion  submitted  to  the 
convention  asked  only  that  the  CCL  urge 
the  Government  to  take  immediate  action 
on  the  housing  problem.  The  resolutions 
committee  added  the  appeal  for  a  joint 
effort  by  Canada's  three  major  labour 
federations. 

"A  terrifying  housing  situation  exists  in 
this  country  at  the  present  time,"  said 
Secretary-Treasurer  Donald  MacDonald, 
first  speaker  in  the  discussion.  He  intimated 
that  he  would  have  preferred  an  even 
stronger  word  to  describe  the  situation. 

"What  is  being  accomplished  is  utterly 
inadequate;  it  doesn't  even  begin  to  cope 
with  the  shortage,"  he  said. 

"There  is  no  group  of  people  on  whom 
the  housing  situation  makes  a  greater 
impact  than  the  workers,"  he  went  on. 
"There  is  not  a  possibility  of  building  or 
buying  a  house  for  $6.000 — two-and-a-half 
times  the  average  worker's  annual  income. 
Central  Mortgage  and  Housing  Corpora- 
tion couldn't  start  to  provide  a  house  at 
that  price;  the  cheapest  type  of  house  that 
CMHC  has  been  able  to  build  costs  $8,400. 
Not  one  of  the  nine  top-paying  industries 
in  Canada  provides  salaries  sufficient  to 
buy  that  house." 

Mr.  MacDonald  also  charged  that  hous- 
ing was  being  "rationed  by  the  purse"  and 
that  the  Government  was  reluctant  to 
interfere  with  "the  vested  interests".  He 
also  complained  that  the  Government  has 
twice  in  recent  years  allowed  lending 
agencies  to  increase  their  interest  rates. 

Another  housing  resolution  adopted,  one 
submitted  by  CCL  President  Mosher  him- 
self, called  on  the  CCL  to  encourage  the 
institution  and  development  of  co-opera- 
tive housing  in  Canada  and  to  "make  every 
effort"  to  obtain  government  assistance  for 


1438 


such  housing.  The  type  of  housing  program 
referred  to  in  the  resolution  is  that 
described  to  the  convention  by  Rev. 
Francis  Marrocco   (see  p.  1450). 

Jurisdictional  Issue 

Reversing  a  decision  of  a  CCL  jurisdic- 
tional committee  and  taking  no  notice  of 
a  warning  by  CCL  President  Mosher,  who 
had  headed  the  committee,  the  delegates 
voted  to  give  the  Oil  Workers'  Inter- 
national Union  jurisdiction  at  two  Edmon- 
ton petro-chemical  plants  when  the 
convention  ruled  on  an  appeal  by  the 
OWIU  against  the  committee's  decision  to 
give  the  jurisdiction  to  the  United  Mine 
Workers,  District  50. 

Organizing  rights  in  the  chemical  field 
were  given  to  the  UMW  at  the  CCL's  1949 
convention. 

When  the  jurisdictional  committee,  on 
which  James  Bury  of  the  Vancouver 
Labour  Council  and  Malcolm  Smith, 
President  of  Local  222,  United  Automobile 
Workers,  Oshawa,  served  along  with 
President  Mosher,  met  in  July  this  year  it 
gave  organizing  rights  in  the  two  plants  to 
the  UMW. 

The  reasons  for  the  committee's  decision 
were  explained  by  Mr.  Mosher.  The 
industrial  process  at  the  two  plants 
involved  is  essentially  a  chemical  one,  he 
said,  and  the  products  are  chemical  prod- 
ucts. In  addition,  District  50  has  the 
majority  of  Canadian  Industries  Limited 
plants  organized  and  under  collective  agree- 
ment. (One  of  the  plants  in  the  dispute 
is  a  CIL  establishment.) 

"The  committee  had  very  little  choice 
but  to  allow  jurisdiction  to  District  50," 
he  concluded,  "because  the  chemical  indus- 
try had  previously  been  awarded  to  the 
United  Mine  Workers."  If  the  convention 
reversed  the  committee's  decision,  he 
warned,  the  CCL  would  have  to  change  its 
whole  jurisdictional  structure. 

The  heads  of  the  two  disputing  unions, 
Alex  McAuslane,  Canadian  Director  of  the 
OWIU,  and  Silby  Barrett,  Director  of 
District  50,  UMW,  were  allowed  15  minutes 
in  which  to  present  their  case.  In  addition, 
Mr.  McAuslane  was  given  10  minutes  for 
rebuttal. 

The  Oil  Workers'  Director  argued  that 
his  union  should  be  given  the  organizing 
rights  because  the  principal  raw  material 
used  at  both  plants  was  oil.  If  jurisdiction 
was  awarded  to  the  UMW,  he  said,  the  oil 
union's  grip  on  the  whole  industry  would 
be  lost. 

Mr.  Barrett  argued  that  acceptance  of 
Mr.  McAuslane's  argument  would  play  into 
the  hands   of  employers.     "The   employers 


All  resolutions  placed  before  the 
CCL  convention  on  its  second  after- 
noon were  adopted — except  one.  That 
one  sought  approval  for  a  petition  to 
the  United  States  Government  for 
Canada's  admission  as  the  49th  state. 

Submitted  by  a  Toronto  local  of  the 
United  Steelworkers  of  America,  the 
resolution  pointed  out  that  most  CCL 
affiliates  had  their  headquarters  in  the 
United  States  and  that  rates  of  pay 
were  higher,  taxes  lower  and  consumer 
goods  cheaper  in  the  United  States  than 
in  Canada.  Further,  it  declared,  "a 
closer  connection  with  the  United 
States  would  remove  a  lot  of  foolish 
arguments  presented  by  employers 
against  the  same  rates  as  exist  in  the 
United  States." 

As  every  member  of  the  resolutions 
committee  was  "a  good  Canadian,"  they 
recommended  non-concurrence  in  the 
resolution.  Every  delegate  in  the  hall, 
including  those  from  the  sponsoring 
local,  rose  to  support  that  recom- 
mendation. 


would  like  to  see  a  different  union  in  each 
plant,"  he  said.  "Then  they  could  play  one 
against  the  other." 

In  his  rebuttal  Mr.  McAuslane  said  he 
would  "leave  the  decision  in  the  hands  of 
the  rank  and  file".  When  the  vote  was 
taken  and  CCL  Vice-President  George 
Burt,  in  the  chair  for  the  hearing  of  the 
appeal,  announced  that  the  jurisdictional 
committee's  ruling  had  been  upset,  Mr. 
Barrett  demanded  a  counting  of  hands. 
The  result  was  the  same.  Vice-president 
Burt  ruled  that  the  Oil  Workers'  had  been 
given  jurisdiction  at  the  two  plants. 

Foreign  Policy 

An  accusation  that  Soviet  Russia  was 
responsible  for  present  world  tension;  a 
call  on  Canada  to  take  the  lead  in  explor- 
ing the  possibilities  of  negotiating  an 
East-West  settlement  and  to  work  for  the 
removal  of  underlying  causes  of  war; 
criticism  of  French  policy  in  Tunisia  and 
Morocco,  of  British  actions  in  Central 
Africa  and  of  the  racial  policies  of  the 
South  African  Government;  and  con- 
demnation of  the  "Franco  Government"  of 
Spain — all  these  were  included  in  a  multi- 
clause  resolution  on  foreign  policy  sub- 
stituted by  the  resolutions  committee  for 
ten  submitted  by  CCL  affiliates. 
The  resolution  also  urged  Canada  to : 
1.  Give  the  fullest  support  to  the  United 
Nations  and  the  North  Atlantic  Treaty 
Organization  in  their  efforts  to  promote 
peace   and  stop   aggression. 


1439 


2.  Support  the  British  proposal  for  a  Big 
Four  meeting. 

3.  Urge  the  immediate  conclusion  of  a 
peace  treaty  with  Austria  and  with  Ger- 
many as  soon  as  an  all-German  Govern- 
ment has  been  freely  elected. 

4.  Recognize  the  de  facto  government  of 
China  and  press  for  its  admission  to  the 
United  Nations  as  soon  as  the  Korean 
peace  conference  is  successfully  concluded. 

5.  Continue  to  demand  genuine  dis- 
armament, with  effective  international 
supervision. 

The  underlying  causes  of  war  which 
Canada  should  work  to  remove  were  listed 
in  the  resolution  as:  dictatorship,  both 
communist  and  anti-communist;  poverty 
in  under-developed  countries;  restrictions 
on  international  trade  beyond  the  limits 
imposed  by  balance  of  payment  problems 
or  other  economic  factors  and  by  the  neces- 
sity of  denying  weapons  and  strategic 
materials  to  aggressors  or  potential  aggres- 
sors; oppression  of  colonial  peoples;  and 
racialism. 

One  of  the  original  resolutions  openly 
called  for  trade  with  Red  China;  the  sub- 
stitute asked  only  for  removal  of  restric- 
tions on  trade  with  the  above  exceptions* 

The  CCL  accusation  of  Soviet  Russia 
was  as  follows: 

The  present  world  tension  is  largely  a  con- 
sequence of  the  aggressive  policies  of  totali- 
tarian communism.  Soviet  aggression  or 
threatened  aggression  has  forced  the  free 
nations  of  the  world  to  rearm.  This  conven- 
tion endorses  the  right  of  all  democratic 
countries  to  strengthen  their  means  of 
defence.  It  stands  firmly  against  appease- 
ment in  any  form. 

But  no  opportunity  for  negotiation 
should  be  lost,  the  resolution  continued, 
and  the  Soviet  Union  may  soon  be  ready 
to  negotiate  a  settlement  of  the  cold  war 
"because  of  the  increasing  strength  of  the 
free  world".  Canada  must  take  the  initia- 
tive in  exploring  every  possibility  of  such 
a  settlement,  the  resolution  declared. 

The  Congress  described  recent  French 
actions  in  Tunisia  and  Morocco  as 
"oppressive".  Britain  was  criticized  for 
"forcing  through"  Central  African  Federa- 
tion "against  the  wishes  of  the  African 
population".  On  Kenya  the  CCL  "recog- 
nized the  necessity  of  re-establishing  law 
and  order  but  urged  immediate  political, 
social  and  economic  reforms  there   to  get 


*  A  resolution  urging  the  Government  to 
prevent  the  import  of  goods  manufactured  by 
"slave  labour"  in  communist  countries  was 
adopted  by  the  Quebec  Provincial  Council  of 
the  Catholic  Women's  League,  whose  conven- 
tion was  being  held  in  Quebec  the  same  week 
as  the  CCL  convention. 


rid  of  the  causes  of  unrest."  Racial  policies 
of  the  South  African  Government  were 
called  "barbaric". 

The  resolution  "saluted"  the  "valiant" 
workers  of  East  Berlin,  East  Germany  and 
Czechoslovakia  and  pledged  CCL  support 
to  them. 

(Another  resolution,  submitted  by  the 
executive  council,  expressed  "complete 
solidarity  with  those  valiant  workers  (in 
East  Germany)  who,  in  their  struggle 
against  communist  tyranny  and  oppression, 
did  not  hesitate  at  the  risk  of  their  lives 
to  face  machine  guns  and  tanks"  that  were 
trying  to  "stifle  the  legitimate  protests  of 
workers  who  were  exercising  their  right  to 
strike  as  free  men."  This  resolution  also 
called  on  all  CCL  unions  to  contribute  "as 
generously  as  possible"  to  the  relief  fund 
set  up  by  the  ICFTU  to  assist  refugees 
from  "Soviet  persecution  and  tyranny".) 

Presentation  of  this  resolution  caused 
one  of  the  liveliest  debates  of  the  entire 
convention.  Left-wing  delegates  objected 
to  the  salute  to  the  East  Berlin  workers,  to 
the  CCL  view  of  the  situation  in  Kenya 
and  to  the  deletion  of  Red  China  from  the 
section  dealing  with  international  trade. 
Other  delegates  thought  the  resolution 
should  have  pointed  out  the  lack  of 
attempts  to  regain  the  United  Kingdom 
market. 

William  Stewart  of  the  Marine  Workers 
criticized  the  resolution  for  placing  all 
blame  for  world  tension  on  Russia.  The 
road  to  peace  was  through  the  conference 
door,  he  declared. 

He  also  criticized  the  resolution  for  being 
contradictory.  "What  side  are  we  on?" 
asked  another  delegate.  "We  say  we  are 
opposed  to  oppression  of  colonial  peoples 
yet  we  recognize  the  necessity  of  re-estab- 
lishing law  and  order  in  Kenya."  The  Mau 
Mau  are  not  terrorists,  he  said,  but  "people 
who  want  to  own  the  land  that  is  rightfully 
theirs." 

Secretary-Treasurer  Donald  MacDonald 
gave  the  answer  to  that  delegate's  question. 
"We  are  on  the  side  of  decency,  freedom 
and  democracy,"  he  said. 

Mr.  MacDonald  then  told  the  conven- 
tion what  he  had  seen  during  his  recent 
visit  to  Berlin.  The  East  Berlin  riots  will 
go  down  in  history,  he  said  "as  one  of 
the  most  glorious  days  in  the  annals  of 
labour,  when  Soviet  tyrants  were  holding 
German  workers  under  abject  suppression. 

"The  work  norms  imposed  by  the  Soviet 
would  have  tied  workers  to  their  machines," 
he  went  on.  "The  increase  in  the  norms 
was  beyond  the  ability  of  normal  humans 
to  meet. 


1440 


"From  my  personal  observations  I  can 
say  that,  horrible  as  are  the  conditions  of 
the  people  of  the  under-developed  coun- 
tries, they  are  not  one  bit  worse  than  those 
of    the    peoples    under    Soviet    subjugation. 

"It  is  to  the  undying  credit  of  the 
enslaved  workers  that  they  served  notice 
on  their  communist  masters  that  they  had 
stood  all  they  could  stand." 

The  resolution  carried  unanimously. 

Aid  to  Under-developed  Countries 

Acting  on  two  resolutions  submitted  by 
the  executive  council,  the  CCL  convention 
moved  in  two  ways  to  provide  financial 
help  to  under-developed  countries.  It 
decided  first  to  call  on  the  Government  to 
increase  almost  seven-fold  its  grants  to  the 
United  Nations  Technical  Assistance  Pro- 
gram and  to  quadruple  its  Colombo  Plan 
contribution  and,  second,  to  recommend 
voluntary  contributions  of  one  cent  per 
member  per  month  to  the  ICFTU  regional 
activities  program. 

Canada's  present  $800,000  grant  to  the 
U.N.  program  should  be  increased  to 
$5,000,000  and  her  current  annual  contribu- 
tion to  the  Colombo  Plan  of  $25,000,000 
should  be  raised  to  $100,000,000,  the  resolu- 
tion urged.  It  pointed  out  that  the  present 
grants  totalled  less  than  one-fifth  of  one 
per  cent  of  Canada's  national  income  and 
one-tenth  of  last  Spring's  tax  cut. 

The  CCL  executive  council  had  already 
recommended  that  each  affiliate  collect  one 
cent  per  member  per  month  to  redeem  the 
Congress'  $50,000  pledge  to  the  first  three- 
year  ICFTU  regional  activities  program. 
At  this  year's  ICFTU  conference  the  CCL 
delegation  proposed  a  further  three-year 
program;  the  resolution  recommending 
continuance  of  the  one-cent  monthly  con- 
tribution by  all  members  was  submitted  to 
ensure  that  the  CCL  contribution  to  the 
program  during  its  second  three-year  period 
would  be  forthcoming.  The  second  plan 
begins  July  1  next  year. 

The  resolution  recommending  increased 
Colombo  Plan  contributions  was  substi- 
tuted for  one  suggesting  that  as  Canada's 
defence  spending  declines  the  correspond- 
ing amount  be  distributed  in  the  form  of 
technical  aid  and  direct  assistance  to 
under-developed   countries. 

(Earlier  the  convention  adopted  a  resolu- 
tion pledging  CCL  support  for  the  ICFTU 
and  recommending  that  provincial  federa- 
tions and  local  labour  councils  promote  an 
understanding  of  the  aims  and  objectives 
of  the  ICFTU  in  local  unions  and  develop 
ways  to  provide  financial  and  moral  sup- 
port for  the  international  labour  confedera- 
tion.    The  only  voice  raised  in  opposition 


to  this  resolution  was  that  of  J.  K.  Bell, 
Maritime  Marine  Workers'  Federation, 
who  advocated  the  withholding  of  support 
to  the  ICFTU  as  long  as  it  "remains 
dominated  by  U.S.  State  Department 
policy".) 

Chief  speakers  in  the  discussion  on 
the  ICFTU  contribution  were  Secretary- 
Treasurer  MacDonald,  Eamon  Park,  mem- 
ber of  the  CCL's  National  Committee  on 
Human  Rights,  and  Doug  McEntee, 
Toronto  Labour  Council. 

Mr.  MacDonald  reminded  the  delegates 
that  it  was  the  Canadian  delegation  to  the 
ICFTU  conference  who  had  urged  the 
extension  of  the  regional  activities  program. 

Mr.  Park  warned  the  delegates  not  to 
regard  the  resolution  as  one  to  be  passed, 
then  ignored.  His  union,  the  United  Steel- 
workers  of  America,  had  already  raised 
$25,000  and  had  agreed  to  the  one-cent-per- 
month  contribution,  he  said. 

Mr.  McEntee  pointed  out  that  one  of 
the  reasons  the  Canadian  farm  implement 
industry  was  in  difficulty  was  that  the  work 
"is  now  being  farmed  out  to  low-wage 
areas".  We  must  work  through  the  ICFTU 
to  raise  wages  in  those  low-wage  areas,  he 
declared. 

Political  Affiliation 

An  attempt  by  a  minority  of  delegates 
to  this  year's  CCL  convention  to  have  the 
Congress  sever  its  affiliation  with  the  CCF 
was  overwhelmingly  defeated.  The  Con- 
gress re-affirmed  its  recognition  of  the  CCF 
as  its  "political  arm". 

Of  four  resolutions  dealing  with  political 
affiliation,  two  recommended  that  the  CCL 
adopt  a  non-partisan,  independent  political 
policy,  one  that  it  conduct  a  referendum 
vote  among  all  its  members  "to  find  out  if 
they  approve  the  political  program  of  the 
Congress"  and  one  that  it  re-iterate  its 
position  as  supporting  the  CCF.  The 
resolutions  committee  recommended  non- 
concurrence  in  the  first  three  and  adoption 
of  the  last.     The  convention  agreed. 

The  resolution  adopted  also  suggested 
that  CCL  labour  councils  establish  joint 
committees  with  the  CCF  on  the  metro- 
politan level  to  develop  Labour-CCF 
co-operation  on  all  political  work. 

During  the  hour-long  debate  on  the 
resolution,  A.  Babcock  of  Local  200,  United 
Auto  Workers,  the  local  sponsoring  the 
resolution  urging  the  adoption  of  a  "non- 
partisan, independent  political  program," 
said: 

"While  we  all  agree  that  we  have  to  have 
a  labour  party,  we  are  not  going  about  it 
the  right  way.    In  my  part  of  the  country 


1441 


(Windsor.  Ont.)  the  people  will  not  support 
a  CCF  candidate.  I  think  we  should  adopt 
non-partisanship  and  let  the  local  unions 
support  the  candidate  who  will  do  the  most 
for  Labour." 

He  was  answered  by  William  Sefton, 
international  representative  of  the  United 
Steelworkers  of  America,  who  said  that 
"non-partisanship  caused  the  CCF  defeat 
in  the   1945  Ontario   elections." 

George  Home,  Secretary  of  the  British 
Columbia  Federation  of  Labour,  added: 
"The  theme  of  this  convention  is  that  we 
must  have  unity.  The  only  way  we  will 
get  unity  is  to  unite  in  a  political  party." 

Another  opponent  of  the  resolution  was 
William  Stewart  of  the  Marine  and  Ship- 
building Workers,  who  declared  that  "only 
a  small  part  of  the  Canadian  labour  move- 
ment and  only  a  small  part  of  the  CCL 
supports  the  CCF;  they  show  that  by  the 
way  they  vote  in  elections.  Let  us  develop 
a  labour  party  in  Canada.  Let's  set  up 
constituency  committees  with  the  TLC  and 
support  the  candidates  who  will  support 
Labour's  program." 

William  Mahoney,  Assistant  Canadian 
Director  of  the  United  Steelworkers,  said 
that  as  Canada's  political  system  is  a  party 
system  the  CCL  should  support  a  party. 
"Non-partisanship  is  not  the  answer,"  he 
said. 

Pat  Lauzon,  Local  200,  UAW,  stated  that 
he  was  opposed  to  the  resolution  submitted 
by  his  own  local  and  also  to  that  recom- 
mended by  the  resolutions  committee. 
"What  we  need  is  a  party  all  Canadian 
Labour  can  support — a  straight  labour 
party  as  in  Great  Britain,"  he  declared. 

Bert  Gargrave,  representative  of  the 
United  Steelworkers,  said  "we  already  have 
a  labour  party;  let's  support  it.  All  it 
needs  is  the  real  support  of  the  workers 
of  this  country;  all  we  have  been  giving  it 
is  lip  service." 

Readmission  of  Expelled  Unions 

A  resolution  that  would  have  invited  the 
unions  expelled  from  the  CCL  at  earlier 
conventions  to  re-affiliate  with  the  Con- 
gress was  overwhelmingly  defeated.  When 
a  standing  vote  was  taken,  fewer  than  a 
score  of  delegates  rose  to  support  the 
resolution. 

Sponsors  of  the  motion,  Windsor  Local 
200  of  the  United  Automobile  Workers, 
would  have  opened  the  door  for  the 
readmission  of  the  International  Union  of 
Mine,  Mill  and  Smelter  Workers,  the 
United  Electrical  Workers  and  the  Inter- 
national Union  of  Fur  and  Leather  Workers 


"in  the  interest  of  uniting  and  strengthen- 
ing the  Canadian  trade  union  movement". 

Recommending  non-concurrence  in  the 
resolution,  Chairman  Harry  Chappell  of 
the  resolutions  committee  said  "When 
those  unions  rid  themselves  of  the  elements 
that  caused  their  expulsion  they  will  be 
welcomed  back."  The  convention  cheered 
the  statement. 

A  debate  on  the  proposal  lasting  almost 
two  hours  was  opened  by  Joe  Miller  of 
the  International  Union  of  Electrical 
Workers,  the  CIO-CCL  union  organized  to 
replace  the  expelled  UE.  "It's  a  surprise 
to  me,"  he  said,  "that  any  local  could  still 
believe  that  the  UE  was  a  union.  It's  some 
time  since  it  has  been  a  union;  it's  a  Com- 
munist-dominated remnant  of  a  union.  In 
my  opinion  there  is  no  room  in  this 
organization  for  anything  that  is  led  by 
the  sort  who  lead  the  UE."  However,  he 
added,  there  is  "lots  of  room"  in  the  CCL 
for  the  members  of  the  UE.  "All  they 
have  to  do  is  join  a  bona  fide  trade  union," 
he   declared. 

A  UAW  delegate  from  St.  Catharines, 
Ont.,  Gordon  Lambert,  spoke  in  support  of 
the  resolution,  asserting  that  "we  should 
respect  the  democratic  right  of  any  worker 
to  choose  the  union  and  the  leaders  of  their 
choice."  He  reminded  the  delegates  that 
Mine-Mill  had  organized  a  plant  in 
Niagara  Falls,  "smashing"  the  company 
union  there,  after  many  unions  had  failed 
in  the  attempt.  In  addition,  he  concluded, 
readmission  of  Mine-Mill  would  add 
"thousands"  of  workers  to  the  CCL. 

Mrs.  Brida  Gray  of  a  Toronto  Stool- 
workers  local  said  the  CCL  had  not 
expelled  the  rank  and  file  of  the  Mine-Mill 
union,  only  the  leadership,  which  was  "try- 
ing to  destroy"  the   CCL. 

A  former  member  of  the  Mine-Mill 
union  who  is  now  a  member  of  the  Steel- 
workers, C.  C.  Ames  of  Kirkland  Lake, 
accused  management  of  "doing  business" 
with  Communist-dominated  unions  because 
they  are  now  "nothing  more  than  company 
unions". 

Sam  English,  a  British  Columbia  dele- 
gate of  the  United  Mine  Workers,  who 
said  he  thought  it  was  time  the  expelled 
unions  were  brought  back  into  the  Con- 
gress, pointed  out  that  divisions  in  the 
labour  movement  led  to  the  creation  of 
slave  states,  "such  as  Quebec".  William 
Dodge,  Montreal,  a  CBRE  delegate,  later 
declared  that  "the  delegate  who  called 
Quebec  a  slave  state  would  be  behind  bars 
if  he  were  in  the  USSR"  and  made  such 
a  statement   there. 


1442 


Labour  Minister  Gregg,   CCL  President   Mosher,   CIO   President   Walter   Reuther   and 
CCL  Secretary-Treasurer  MacDonald  share  a  cheerful  moment  at  the  CCL  convention. 


Textile  Industry 

After  delegates  to  the  CCL  convention 
were  told  that  a  disastrous  unemployment 
situation  exists  in  Canada's  textile  industry, 
they  unanimously  approved  a  resolution 
calling  for  an  immediate  conference  of 
labour,  government  and  industry  to 
deal  with  the  problem  and  condemning 
the  "do-nothing"  policy  of  the  federal 
Government. 

In  addition  to  dealing  with  the  imme- 
diate problem  of  unemployment  the  con- 
ference should  consider  long-range  measures 
designed  to  provide  a  greater  degree  of 
security  for  those  employed  in  the  industry 
while  ensuring  a  fair  deal  for  textile  con- 
sumers,  the   resolution   stated. 

E.  C.  Cluney,  Assistant  Canadian  Direc- 
tor of  the  Textile  Workers  Union  of 
America,  described  conditions  in  the  textile 
industry.  "Many  thousands  of  textile 
workers  are  unemployed,"  he  said.  "A 
short  time  ago  we  manufactured  68  per 
cent  of  all  textiles  consumed  in  Canada; 
today   we    don't   produce    even   half."     He 


blamed  the  dumping  of  textile  imports* 
here  at  prices  below  those  in  the  home 
market  for  the  situation. 

"The  main  purpose  of  this  resolution," 
he  continued,  "is  to  repeat  our  request  to 
the  Government,  and  to  get  CCL  support, 
to  call  this  conference.  Many  of  the  manu- 
facturers have  said  they  will  go  with  us." 

The  problem  has  been  in  existence  for 
two  years,  said  J.  H.  D'Aoust,  Canadian 
Director  of  the  TWUA.  "We  can't  stand 
idly  by  any  longer;  we  want  something 
done  about  it.  We  have  facts  and  figures 
and  all  we  want  is  a  chance  to  present 
them   to   the   Government,"  he   said. 

Coal  Mining  Industry 

The  day  after  hearing  about  the 
unemployment  situation  in  Canada's  textile 


*  The  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
reported  September  25  that  textile  imports  in 
June  this  year  totalled  $30-6  million  com- 
pared with  $23-7  million  in  •  June  last  year 
and  that  imports  in  the  first  six  months  this 
year  amounted  to  $215-7  million  compared 
with  $175-5  million  in  the  first  half  of  1952. 


1443 


industry  (see  above)  the  CCL  convention 
learned  that  thousands  of  Canadian  coal 
miners  are  unemployed  because,  according 
to  Freeman  Jenkins,  Director,  District  26, 
United  Mine  Workers,  of  a  lack  of  con- 
structive policy  to  maintain  the  coal 
industry  in  full  operation. 

The  convention  then  adopted  a  resolu- 
tion urging  the  federal  Government  to 
develop  a  Canadian  coal  policy  that  will 
give  full-time  employment  at  adequate 
wages  to  Canadian  coal  miners. 

"Assistance  is  given  to  the  coal  mining 
industry  in  times  of  war,"  Mr.  Jenkins  said, 
"but  after  the  war  the  coal  mining  industry 
is  the  first  to  be  hit  by  hard  times;  and 
government  assistance  is  withdrawn." 

Although  the  Dominion  Coal  Board  is 
doing  something  it's  far  from  what  is 
needed,  Mr.  Jenkins  said. 

"If  we  run  into  an  emergency  the  Gov- 
ernment will  find  they  can't  open  up  a 
mine  overnight  nor  train  a  miner  over- 
night," he  warned. 

Sam  English,  a  UMW  delegate  from 
Michel,  B.C.,  predicted  that  some  towns  in 
the  Alberta  coal  fields  will  soon  be  ghost 
towns.  He  suggested  the  creation  of 
secondary  industries  based  on  the  coal 
mines  to  prevent  this  occurrence.  "We 
must  utilize  the  coal  in  the  West,"  he  said. 

Farm  Implement  Council 

Acting  on  an  emergency  resolution,  the 
convention  decided  to  set  up  a  farm  imple- 
ment council  whose  function  will  be  to 
seek  conferences  with  the  farm  implement 
industry,  governments  and  farmers  in  an 
attempt  to  solve  the  unemployment  prob- 
lem in  that  industry.  CCL  unions  in  the 
industry  will  make  up  the  council. 

Unemployment  in  the  farm  implement 
industry  is  the  "first  rumblings  of  an 
approaching  depression,"  one  delegate 
warned  the  convention* 

Two  CCL  vice-presidents,  both  Canadian 
directors  of  unions  in  the  industry,  spoke 
during  the  discussion  of  the  resolution. 
They  were  George  Burt,  who  heads  the 
Canadian  section  of  the  United  Automobile 
Workers,  and  C.  H.  Millard,  Canadian 
chief  of  the  United  Steelworkers. 

Mr.  Burt  gave  two  reasons  for  the 
unemployment  in  the  farm  equipment 
industry;   the  decline  in  farm  income  and 

*  A  mild  recession  will  come  in  mid-1954, 
Prof.  Paul  H.  Frigon,  President  of  the  Pro- 
fessional Industrialists  Association,  told  the 
annual  conference  of  that  association,  held 
the  same  week  as  the  CCL  convention.  When 
it  comes,  however,  it  will  be  only  a  lull  prior 
to  a  return  to  a  more  normal  economic 
tempo,  Prof.  Frigon  predicted. 


the  refusal  of  the  farm  equipment  com- 
panies to  adjust  their  prices  to  the  needs 
of  the  farmers.  "They  will  not  lower  their 
prices,"  he  declared,  "even  though  their 
profits  are  230  per  cent;  they  won't  take 
less." 

Mr.  Millard  reported  that  layoffs  in  the 
farm  implement  industry  were  already 
resulting  in  layoffs  in  the  steel  industry. 
The  council  proposed  by  the  resolution  was 
the  first  step  towards  a  solution,  he  said. 

"For  many  years,"  he  told  the  delegates, 
"this  Congress  and  its  unions  have  been 
appealing  to  the  Government  to  introduce 
industrial  councils  representing  labour, 
industry,  government  and,  in  this  case,  the 
farmers.  The  Government  has  resisted  all 
our  attempts.  It  is  now  almost  a  year 
since  this  problem  came  to  our  attention 
and  not  a  single  thing  has  been  done  by 
the  Government.  They  seem  to  feel  it  is 
only  a  soft  spot  and  that  some  way,  some- 
how, the  problem  will  solve  itself. 

"There  is  no  reason  for  a  letdown  in  the 
farm  implement  industry  today,"  he  con- 
tinued. "Not  only  do  we  have  to  meet  our 
own  needs  but  there  is  a  need  to  supply 
machinery  to  under-developed  countries 
as  part  of  our  contribution  to  the  world's 
welfare.  The  industry  should  be  running 
at  100-per-cent  capacity." 

Delegate  J.  Bellingham  of  the  United 
Steelworkers,  Hamilton,  criticized  the 
import  of  farm  machinery  from  the  United 
States  while  Canadian  plants  were  on  short 
time  with  a  reduced  work  force. 

Doug  McEntee,  chairman  of  the  tem- 
porary farm  implement  council  already  set 
up  by  the  Ontario  Federation  of  Labour, 
pointed  out  that  the  trend  to  unemploy- 
ment is  not  confined  to  the  farm  imple- 
ment industry. 

"It's  time  the  Government  and  manage- 
ment sat  down  with  us,"  Mr.  McEntee  said, 
"to  try  to  find  the  answer;  it  affects  them, 
too.  Someone  has  the  answer  but  we'll 
never  get  it  if  we  don't  sit  down  and  try 
to  find  it." 

National  Labour  Code 

Canadian  labour  legislation  is  "the  big- 
gest threat  we  have  to  collective  bargain- 
ing," said  CCL  Vice-President  George  Burt 
during  discussion  of  a  resolution  urging  the 
Congress  to  continue  to  press  for  the 
establishment  of  a  national  labour  code. 
The  resolution  carried. 

Present  legislation,  both  federal  and  pro- 
vincial, is  designed  to  restrict  Labour's 
freedom  to  use  the  strike  weapon  by 
requiring  the  fulfilment  of  numerous  con- 
ditions    before     workers     can     strike,     he 


1444 


charged.  A  strike  should  be  permitted  the 
day  after  the  termination  of  a  collective 
agreement,  he  declared. 

"Now  it  sometimes  takes  eight  months 
after  the  termination  of  a  contract  to  get 
the  results  of  a  conciliation  board,"  he 
pointed  out. 

Mr.  Burt  said  that  in  one  respect  Cana- 
dian legislation  was  worse  than  the  Taft- 
Hartley  law  in  the  United  States. 
"Management  can  speed  up  during  the 
term  of  an  agreement  but  workers  can  not 
strike  during  the  term  of  an  agreement," 
he  asserted.  "They  cannot  do  that  even 
in  the  United  States  under  Taft-Hartley." 
The  present  code  is  taken  advantage  of  by 
management,  he  charged. 

"We  are  fed  up  with  this  type  of  labour 
code,"  he  concluded.  "Management  can 
raise  its  prices  without  going  before  a 
conciliation  board." 

Pointing  out  the  different  requirements 
that  have  to  be  met  by  his  union  in 
different  provinces,  Alex  McAuslane,  Cana- 
dian Director  of  the  Oil  Workers'  Inter- 
national Union,  appealed  for  a  uniform 
labour  code.  He  also  suggested  that 
Labour  be  consulted  in  the  drafting  of  such 
a  code. 

"One  of  the  weaknesses  of  the  labour 
code,"  said  Stan  Thornley  of  the  Rubber 
Workers,  "is  that  employers  are  using  it 
to  evade  bargaining.  They  take  the  posi- 
tion that  they  don't  have  to  make  a  con- 
cession until  they  go  to  conciliation." 

Another  resolution  that  urged  amend- 
ment of  the  British  North  America  Act  to 
place  matters  of  national  importance  within 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  Canadian  Govern- 
ment and,  once  the  amendment  had  been 
made,  enactment  of  a  national  labour  code 
covering  all  industries,  a  national  minimum 
wage  act  and  a  national  hours  of  work  act 
was  adopted  without  debate. 

Strike  Resolutions 

Full  support  for  striking  gold  miners  in 
Northern  Ontario  and  Quebec  was  given 
in  an  emergency  resolution  passed  on  the 
second  day  of  the  convention* 

Carried  unanimously,  the  resolution 
pledged  the  CCL's  "full  strength  in  raising 
funds  and  rendering  other  support"  to  the 
miners  of  Timmins  and  Noranda  and 
instructed  the  incoming  executive  commit- 
tee to  establish  itself  as  a  national  strike 
committeef  "for  the  purpose  of  mobilizing 

*  The  CCCL  convention  in  Quebec,  held  in 
Quebec  during  the  same  week,  sent  to  the 
CCL  a  promise  of  its  support  to  the  striking 
gold  miners. 

t  Within  a  week  of  the  convention's  close, 
the  committee  despatched  a  strike  appeal  to 
all   CCL  affiliates. 


A  newspaperman  working  at  the  press 
table  at  the  CCL"  convention  took  the 
floor  to  enter  one  of  the  discussions 
on  the  convention's  final  day.  He  was 
Fred  Jones,  who,  as  well  as  being 
labour  correspondent  for  the  Toronto 
Telegram,  is  Vice-president  of  the 
Toronto  Newspaper  Guild. 

During  the  debate  on  the  CCL's 
foreign  policy  resolution,  a  delegate 
accused  the  press  of  trying  to  break 
strikes.  William  White,  of  the  West 
Coast  Industrial  Union  of  Marine  and 
Shipbuilding  Workers,  pointed  out  that 
the  press  was  presenting  management's 
side  in  the  current  gold  mines  strike 
and  Western  capitalism's  version  in  the 
East  Berlin  riots. 

"The  press  doesn't  try  to  break 
strikes,"  countered  Mr.  Jones,  who  as 
an  alternate  delegate  from  the  American 
Newspaper  Guild  was  given  permission 
to  speak  on  a  point  of  privilege.  "But 
when  something  happens  during  a  strike, 
it  is  part  of  our  job  to  report  it." 


full  support  for  the  striking  miners,"  who 
are  members  of  the  United  Steelworkers  of 
America. 

Later  in  the  week  the  convention  pledged 
support  for  the  United  Packinghouse 
Workers  on  strike  at  the  Savage  Shoe 
Company  in  Preston,  Ont.,  and  for  the 
members  of  the  Retail,  Wholesale  and 
Department  Store  Union  involved  in  a  dis- 
pute with  Silverwood's  Dairy,  Toronto. 

C.  H.  Millard,  National  Director  of  the 
United  Steelworkers  and  a  Vice-President 
of  the  CCL,  said  the  issue  at  stake  at 
Timmins  and  Noranda  was  whether  union- 
ism was  to  be  accepted  by  "this  group  of 
employers  and  by  the  governments  of 
these  provinces."  He  said  his  international 
union  was  mobilizing  its  full  resources  for 
the  strike. 

The  delegates  heard  pledges  of  support 
from  the  leaders  of  most  of  the  unions 
affiliated  with  the  CCL,  and  up-to-the- 
minute  developments  from  three  of  the 
striking  miners  who  had  arrived  at  the 
convention  that  morning. 

Reviewing  the  background  of  the  strike, 
Mr.  Millard  said  the  current  situation  was 
the  culmination  of  many  years  of  struggle 
in  the  area  to  have  a  union.  The  miners 
had  tried  first  one  union  then  another  in 
attempts  to  improve  their  working  condi- 
tions. About  five  years  ago  the  CCL  had 
given  the  jurisdiction  to-  the  United  Steel- 
workers, who  have  been  organizing  ever 
since. 


1445 


"From  the  outset  and  despite  conciliation 
boards",  said  Mr.  Millard,  "the  mine  opera- 
tors have  refused  the  ordinary  things  won 
by  collective  bargaining  elsewhere."  He 
said  that  in  Noranda  there  is  one  of  the 
remaining  pockets  of  reactionary  employers 
who  have  banded  together  and  said: 
"unionism  has  gone  this  far  and  will  go  no 
farther;  we  are  challenging  the  labour 
movement." 

Mr.  Millard  said  wages  were  about  $1  per 
hour  for  "hazardous,  dirty  work".  The 
miners  were  working  48  hours  per  week. 
The  employers  are  opposed  to  shorter 
hours  on  the  stand  that  shorter  hours  are 
not  good  for  the  workers,  he  said. 

The  steel  union  official  said  the  checkoff 
was  not  the  major  issue  in  the  dispute  but 
its  acceptance  would  be  a  single  demonstra- 
tion of  the  employers'  good  faith. 

Mr.  Millard  charged  that  the  mine 
operators  had  refused  to  attend  a  meeting 
with  the  Ontario  Minister  of  Labour  and 
said  that  when  the  Minister  was  able  to 
persuade  the  owners  to  discuss  the  issues, 
the  union  would  be  represented. 

Henry  Gareau,  President  of  the  union's 
Local  4278  at  Noranda,  said  the  strikers 
are  holding  out  for  all  their  demands — 
higher  pay,  shorter  hours,  union  security, 
pensions  and  a  medical  plan.  He  said  the 
workers  were  very  determined  and  would 
stay  out  two  or  three  years  if  necessary  to 
win. 

Other  details  of  the  situation  were  given 
by  Rene  Rocque,  former  director  of 
organization  for  the  CCCL,  who  directed 
the  prolonged  strike  of  asbestos  workers  in 
Quebec  in  1949,  and  by  T.  E.  Running, 
President  of  the  Steelworkers  Local  4437 
at  Timmins. 

George  Burt,  Canadian  Director  of  the 
United  Automobile  Workers  of  America; 
Freeman  Jenkins,  Director  of  District  26. 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America ;  and 
Alex  McAuslane,  Canadian  Director  of  the 
Oil  Workers'  International  Union,  pledged 
the  support  of  their  organizations.  Among 
other  unions  whose  delegates  promised  sup- 
port were  the  United  Packinghouse 
Workers  of  America,  the  United  Rubber 
Workers  of  America,  the  Textile  Workers 
Union  of  America,  and  the  International 
Union  of  United  Brewery  Workers  of 
America. 

Shorter  Work  Week 

The  CCL  is  not  willing  to  go  after  a 
35-hour  work  week.  Two  resolutions 
recommending  this  wore  combined  into  a 
watered-down   version   calling  only  for  the 


"progressive  reduction"  of  the  work  week 
with  no  reduction  in  take-home  pay.  The 
substituted  resolution  was  adopted. 

Before  approval  was  obtained,  however, 
support  for  the  original  demand  was 
expressed  by  many  delegates  during  a 
lively  debate.  Only  when  Secretary- 
Treasurer  MacDonald  pointed  out  that 
putting  a  35-hour  week  into  effect  would 
create  700,000  more  jobs  than  there  were 
workers  available  did  the  resolution  gain 
the  support  of  the   majority. 

William  Stewart  of  the  Marine  and  Ship- 
building Workers  led  off  the  debate  with 
a  suggestion  that  the  Congress  establish 
the  35-hour  week  as  a  standard  towards 
which  it  could  work.  "I  think  it  is  a 
realizable  objective,"  he  said. 

Bill  Eaves,  delegate  from  the  United 
Automobile  Workers'  Local  200,  sponsors 
of  one  of  the  resolutions  urging  the  shorter 
week,  explained  that  his  union  had  sub- 
mitted the  resolution  as  a  means  of  giving 
employment  to  more  men.  "Ford  of 
Canada  has  been  laying  off  men  and  asking 
us  to  work  overtime  while  men  are 
unemployed.  Let  them  shorten  the  shifts 
and  employ  more  men." 

Doug  McEntee  of  the  Toronto  Labour 
Council,  on  the  other  hand,  described  the 
35-hour  week  as  a  "make-work  device", 
which  was  not  the  answer  to  the  problem. 
"We  must  make  markets,"  he  said.  "Unless 
we  create  markets  we  cannot  maintain 
employment." 

It  was  then  that  Mr.  MacDonald  entcrod 
the  discussion,  saying  that  the  policy  of 
the  CCL  has  always  been  based  on  intel- 
ligence. The  35-hour  week  would  create 
700.000  jobs  for  which  there  would  be  no 
workers,  he  said.  "Is  that  sensible  and 
intelligent? 

"We  have  not  yet  achieved  the  40-hour 
week,"  he  continued.  "Until  we  do  let's 
not  place  ourselves  in  the  ridiculous  posi- 
tion of  demanding  an  even  shorter  work 
week." 

The  adopted  resolution  justified  the 
demand  for  a  reduction  in  the  work  week 
by  asserting  that  it  would  "spread  employ- 
ment and  maintain  purchasing  power  in  the 
hands  of  the  working  population". 

Organization  of  Office  Workers 

Increased  efforts  to  organize  office  workers 
will  be  made  by  the  CCL,  this  year's  con- 
vention  decided. 

A  resolution  drafted  by  the  convention's 
conimittee  on  organization  urged  all  CCL 
affiliates  to  extend  their  organizational 
efforts  into  the  office  workers  section  of 
their  industry.  Some  affiliates  are  already 
concentrating   on   developing   an    organiza- 


1446 


tion  in  the  office  units  of  plants  where  they 
hold  bargaining  rights,  the  committee 
reported. 

The  resolution  also  instructed  the  CCL's 
organization  department  to  call  area  con- 
ferences to  discuss  common  problems 
and  to  endeavour  to  establish  uniform 
standards. 

The  resolution  adopted  was  a  substitute 
for  one  which  would  have  given  jurisdiction 
in  the  office  worker  field  to  the  Office  and 
Professional  Workers'  Organizing  Com- 
mittee of  the  Congress  and  would  have 
assisted  the  OPWOC  to  begin  an  imme- 
diate nation-wide  organizing  campaign. 
The  preamble  to  this  resolution  pointed 
out  that  office  workers  were  the  "last  great 
group"  of  unorganized  workers,  that  lack 
of  a  co-ordinated  organizational  policy 
would  likely  result  in  the  loss  of  these 
workers  to  "rival"  organizations,  and  that 
large  numbers  of  office  and  professional 
workers  have  no  hope  of  being  organized 
by  CCL  affiliates  who  now  include  office 
workers  in  the  membership. 

The  CCL  also  intends  to  establish  a 
union  in  the  department  store  field,  the 
committee  on  organization  reported. 

William  Mahoney,  Assistant  Canadian 
Director  of  the  United  Steelworkers  of 
America,  who  was  chairman  of  the  conven- 
tion committee  on  organization,  told  the 
delegates  that  white-collar  workers  were 
"beginning  to  show  a  real  interest"  in 
organization.  "This  interest."  he  explained, 
"developed  from  the  fact  that  white-collar 
workers  in  recent  years  have  fallen  behind 
wage  gains  made  by  organized  workers  in 
industry." 

Some  63  locals  chartered  by  the  CCL 
and  its  affiliates  cover  approximately  10,000 
white-collar  workers,  he  reported.  He  listed 
the  affiliates  who  have  organized  the  office 
staffs  of  plants  where  they  hold  certification 
for  the  plant  workers. 

The  office  workers  field,  he  said,  is  diffi- 
cult to  organize  "because  of  the  much 
closer  relationship  between  the  office 
employees  and  management". 

The  very  day  of  the  discussion  of  this 
subject,  the  CCL  received  notification  that 
the  Amalgamated  Civil  Servants  of  Canada 
had  voted  to  affiliate  with  the  Congress. 
The  civil  service  organization  has  approxi- 
mately 6,000  members  in  the  federal  and 
provincial  service. 

The  convention  committee  on  organiza- 
tion recommended  that  CCL  officers  con- 
sult with  officers  of  the  International  Union 
of  Electrical  Workers  to  work  out  a  pro- 
gram to  bring  workers  in  the  electrical 
industry  "back  into  the  main  stream  of  the 
labour   movement". 


Walter    Reuther 

Addresses  convention  banquet 

Walter  Reuther 

Peace  and  freedom  cannot  be  made 
secure  if  the  world  is  divided  between  the 
"haves"  and  the  "have-nots,"  CIO  Presi- 
dent Walter  Reuther  said  in  an  address  to 
the  convention  banquet. 

"Our  surplus  wheat  is  more  powerful 
than  the  H-bomb,"  he  declared,  "if  we  had 
the  sense  of  responsibility  to  go  to  work 
for  the  world  community  in  which  we  live. 
And  it  is  debatable  whether  you  can  win 
an  atomic  war.  It  is  of  little  interest  for 
history  to  record  that  our  rubble  pile  was 
in  better  shape  than  their  rubble  pile." 

(Later,  at  a  press  conference,  Mr. 
Reuther  expanded  these  remarks.  He 
recommended  the  use  of  the  Canadian  and 
United  States  wheat  surplus  as  "a  positive 
weapon"  and  stressed  that  it  should  not 
carry  a  price-tag. 

("We  should  use  our  wheat  surplus,"  he 
said,  "as  part  of  a  world-wide  plan  to  fight 
poverty,  not  as  a  welfare  project  but  to 
help  people  to  develop  their  own  resources. 
It  has  to  be  handled  through  the  proper 
agency  so  that  no  stigma  is  attached;  and 
it  must  be  no  glorified  hand-out.  There 
must  be  a  specific  plan.") 

Most  of  Mr.  Reuther's  speech  was 
devoted  to  suggestions  and  warnings  about 
the  moves  the  free  world  must  make  in  the 


1447 


struggle  against  communism.  He  also 
criti6ized  the  United  States  business  com- 
munity for,  like  the  Communists,  predicting 
a  depression  now  that  the  Korean  War  has 
halted.  He  made  brief  mention  of  some 
problems  facing  the  labour  movement, 
including  the  guaranteed  annual  wage  and 
political  action. 

The  current  struggle  between  the  forces 
of  freedom  and  the  forces,  of  tyranny,  the 
CIO  President  said,  is  not  a  struggle  for 
geography  but  for  men's  minds.  In  this 
struggle,  "the  world  is  going  to  judge 
Canada  and  the  United  States,  not  in  terms 
of  material  wealth,  but  in  their  sense  of 
moral  and  social  responsibility,  by  the  way 
in  which  we  are  able  to  translate  technical 
progress  into   human  progress,"  he  said. 

While  we  have  to  fight  against  com- 
munism we  also  have  to  fight  just  as  hard 
for  the  things  we  believe  in,  he  warned. 
"It  is  not  enough  to  be  against  something; 
we  have  to  be  for  something."  And  while 
we  have  to  be  strong  on  the  battlefronts,  we 
have  to  be  strong  also  on  the  social  and 
economic  fronts. 

Millions  of  people  are  longing  to  "fight 
their  way  out  of  darkness  to  a  more  human 
tomorrow"  and  the  Communists  are 
attempting  to  pervert  those  longings,  Mr. 
Reuther  said.  "The  Communists  did  not 
create  that  desire ;  they  are  riding  its  back." 

The  free  labour  movement  understands 
the  struggle  for  men's  minds  better  than 
any  other  segment  of  society,  he  continued. 
Telling  of  his  visit  to  this  year's  conference 
of  the  International  Confederation  of  Free 
Trade  Unions,  he  said  he  found  that  "com- 
munism was  weak  and  without  influence 
where  the  free  labour  movement  was 
strong.  Where  it  was  weak,  communism 
was  strong;  there  they  were  able  to  forge 
poverty  into  power. 

"The  shortest  road  for  communism  to 
travel,"  he  explained,  "is  through  the 
wrinkles  of  an  empty  belly.  The  Com- 
munists say  that  if  you  follow  communism 
you  will  take  the  wrinkle  out  of  your  belly. 
But  they  offer  that  promise  with  a  price 
tag  and  that  price  is  political  enslavement. 
You  may  get  food  in  your  belly  and  wake 
to  find  your  soul  in  chains." 

Another  communist  argument,  he  said, 
is  that  the  western  world  can't  achieve  full 
employment  unless  it  is  producing  the 
weapons  of  war.  And  there  are  those  in 
America  who  say  that  depressions  are 
inevitable  because  that  is  the  price  we  pay 
for  freedom. 

(At  his  press  conference  Mr.  Reuther 
accused   the   United   States   business    com- 


munity of  having  no  faith.  "We  will  do 
our  best  to  see  that  we  don't  have  another 
depression,"  he  said.) 

The  free  labour  movement  believes 
neither  that  depression  is  the  price  of  free- 
dom nor  political  enslavement  the  price  of 
a  full  stomach.  "We  know  that  the  world 
we  can  build  will  make  it  possible  to  have 
both  bread  and  freedom,"  he  declared. 

As  yet,  however,  Mr.  Reuther  said,  "we 
have  achieved  an  economy  of  abundance 
on  the  production  end  but  we  have  not 
achieved  an  economy  of  abundance  on  the 
distribution  end." 

In  the  struggle  against  poverty  and 
hunger  the  free  world  has  a  margin  of 
superiority  against  the  communist  world 
but  "we  are  not  mobilizing,"  he  continued. 
"If  we  could  enlist  our  youth  in  a  positive 
action — strength  in  military  power  is  nega- 
tive, a  holding  action — if  we  could  send 
more  of  our  youth  with  medical  kits,  slide 
rules  and  textbooks,  we  would  have  to  send 
fewer  armed  with  guns. 

"Science  and  technology  are  giving  us  for 
the  first  time  the  tools  to  conquer  hunger 
and  disease;  but  we  have  made  greater 
progress  in  the  technical  sciences  than  in 
the  social  sciences:  working  with  people. 
We  don't  know  how  to  feed  millions  of 
people  when  we  have  a  wheat  surplus  of 
2,729,000,000  bushels." 

Turning  to  Labour's  own  problems,  Mr. 
Reuther  said  there  were  two  basic  tasks, 
that  of  organizing  the  unorganized  and  that 
of  unionizing  the  organized.  "Some  people 
join  us  in  the  mistaken  belief  that  the  pay- 
ment of  dues  is  the  end  of  their  responsi- 
bility; that's  where  it  starts,"  he  said.  "You 
will  get  out  of  the  labour  movement 
exactly  what  you  put  into  it." 

On  the  guaranteed  annual  wage  he  said: 
"The  wage  policy  worked  out  in  the  days 
of  the  Industrial  Revolution — payment  by 
the  hour  or  by  the  piece — is  obsolete.  We 
believe  we  should  have  a  guaranteed 
annual  wage;  we  are  going  to  get  it.  We 
have  to  bring  our  wage  policy  up  to  date." 

On  political  action  he  said:  "We  need  to 
work  on  the  collective  bargaining  front  and 
we  also  need  to  work  on  the  political  front. 
The  bread  box  and  the  ballot  box  are  tied 
together." 

Then  he  warned  that  "Labour  cannot 
make  progress  without  the  progress  of  the 
whole  community.  We  can  solve  our 
problems  only  when  the  community  solves 
its  basic  problems." 

One  of  the  community's  problems  he 
touched  on  was  the  plight  of  the  farmers. 
"Farmers  are  always  the  first  to  be  in 
trouble,"  he  explained.  "In  the  Thirties 
they    lost    their    farms    because    the    city 


1448 


workers  lost  their  jobs.  Now  they  are  in 
trouble  because  they  are  receiving  a  smaller 
share  of  the  consumer's  food  dollar." 

Another  community  problem  was  that  of 
full  employment.  "There  is  plenty  of  work 
to  be  done  to  keep  our  economy  in  full 
gear,"  he  said,  listing  the  need  for  housing, 
schools,  hospitals  and  for  the  raising  of 
living  standards. 

"To  win  the  peace  you  have  to  work, 
plan,  sacrifice,"  Mr.  Reuther  said  in  con- 
clusion. "One  of  the  things  we  have  not 
solved  is  to  mobilize  people  to  fight,  sacri- 
fice and  work  together  for  positive  values 
as  we  have  mobilized  them  to  fight  for 
negative  values  in  war.  In  war  they  were 
motivated  by  a  common  hatred,  common 
fears.  We  have  to  find  a  way  to  tap  the 
reservoir  of  common  hopes." 

The  Minister  of  Labour 

There  is  nothing  to  justify  serious  fears 
about  Canada's  immediate  economic  future 
because  of  the  Korean  cease-fire,  the  Hon. 
Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  of  Labour,  told 
the  CCL  convention.  The  end  of  the 
"shooting  war"  is  at  best  an  uneasy  truce, 
he  added,  and  "we  cannot  therefore 
seriously  reduce  our  defence  program  until 
we  have  more  assurance  than  we  have  yet 
had." 

Mr.  Gregg  pointed  out  that  the  Korean 
War  was  costly  in  men  and  material  but 
that  "the  men  who  fought  there — and  par- 
ticularly those  who  won't  be  coming  back — 
are  the  ones  we  should  thank  for  buying 
time  that  the  free  world  might  reorganize 
for   survival. 

"This  time  we  don't  intend  to  let  go  by 
default  the  hope  for  peace  bought  by  the 
blood  of  our  sons,  as  we  have  done  two  or 
three  times  in  the  last  30  years,"  he 
declared. 

The  Minister  went  on  to  review  the 
present  economic  and  employment  situa- 
tion in  Canada.  This  year  is  proving  to  be 
one  of  the  busiest  Canada  has  ever  known, 
he  said. 

"This  summer  more  than  98  per  cent  of 
the  5i  million  workers  in  our  civilian  labour 
force  held  jobs,"  he  pointed  out.  "For 
more  than  a  year  now  the  buying  by  con- 
sumers has  set  new  records.  Expenditures 
by  way  of  investments  in  new  plants  and 
equipment  by  private  business  have  con- 
tinued to  be  very  high." 

He  admitted  that  "in  a  few  cases  some 
difficulties  have  arisen,"  mentioning  par- 
ticularly the  textile  and  the  farm  imple- 
ment industry.  "To  some  extent  these 
were  adjustments  that  perhaps  had  to  take 
place  sooner  or  later,"  he  said. 


In  these  two  industries,  however,  he 
expressed  hope  for  improvement.  "Textile 
sales,  it  is  believed,"  he  said,  "may  pick  up 
again  this  Fall.  Our  Department  of 
National  Revenue  this  year  has  improved 
its  inspections  to  insure  that  dumping  does 
not  occur.  And  agricultural  implement 
firms  are  seeking  to  diversify  their  produc- 
tion so  as  to  broaden  their  markets." 

Continuing  with  his  review  of  the  present 
situation,  Mr.  Gregg  pointed  out  that 
labour  income  is  continuing  to  establish 
new  records,  being  11  per  cent  greater  this 
year  than  last;  that  average  weekly  earn- 
ings in  manufacturing  have  been  6  per  cent 
greater  than  in  1952  while  the  cost  of  con- 
sumer goods  and  services  has  remained 
about  the  same  "or  has  not  materially 
risen";  and  that  great  industrial  develop- 
ment is  underway  in  all  parts  of  the 
country. 

"There  are  some  tremendous  things  wait- 
ing to  be  done  just  as  soon  as  it  is  possible 
to  divert  to  them  the  sinews  of  production 
now  occupied  with  defence,"  he  stated. 

Even  if  all  that  were  not  so,  he  declared, 
"our  people  should  never  again  have  to 
face  a  situation  quite  like  the  Thirties. 
There  was  nothing  then  by  way  of  social 
security  measures  to  cushion  the  shock  of 
adversity;  now  we  are  equipped  with  some 
pretty  good  shock  absorbers." 

Earlier  the  Minister  had  congratulated 
the  Congress  on  the  role  it  is  playing  inter- 
nationally, giving  special  mention  to  the 
CCL's  Department  of  International  Affairs. 
By  spreading  a  better  understanding  of 
international  affairs  at  home  and  by 
informing  workers  abroad  of  conditions  in 
Canada,  he  said,  the  CCL  was  doing  some- 
thing that  cannot  be  assessed  in  dollars 
and  cents. 

He  also  paid  tribute  to  the  work  of 
James  Morrison,  Research  Director,  Dis- 
trict 26,  United  Mine  Workers  of  America, 
at  this  year's  International  Labour  Organi- 
zation conference  at  Geneva. 

"Our  country  has  to  be  prepared  to  face 
any  economic  challenge  either  at  home  or 
abroad,"  Mr.  Gregg  said  in  conclusion.  "It 
is  an  encouraging  factor  that  in  organized 
labour,  in  business  management  and  in 
government,  we  are  becoming  better 
equipped  to  deal  with  economic  and  social 
problems. 

"Another  encouraging  factor,"  he  added, 
"is  that  vital  issues  of  our  day  are  threshed 
out  at  meetings  such  as  yours  by  people  of 
goodwill  who  are  familiar  with  life's  hazards 
and  who  are  seeking  earnestly  for  the  com- 
mon good  of  our  fellow-Canadians  and  of 
mankind." 


1449 


Other  Speakers 

Henry    Young 

Henry  Young  of  Edmonton,  Vice- 
chairman  of  the  Interprovincial  Farm 
Union  Council,  which  represents  farm 
unions  in  the  three  Prairie  Provinces,  in  an 
address  to  the  convention  suggested  closer 
co-operation  between  farmers  and  workers, 
especially  in  political  action. 

(A  similar  suggestion  was  made  to  last 
year's  convention  of  the  Trades  and  Labour 
Congress  by  Jacob  Schultz,  President  of 
the  Manitoba  Farmers  Union  (L.G.,  Sept. 
1952,  p.  1181).) 

"It  is  more  important  than  ever  that 
people  on  the  farm  and  those  in  industry 
take  consideration  of  the  problems  of  work- 
ing people  generally,"  he  said.  "The  need 
today  is  for  us  in  the  worker  class  to  get 
together  and  work  together.  If  we  stay 
apart  we  will  be  exploited. 

"We  need  to  get  together  in  planning  to 
better  the  conditions  of  all  of  us,"  he  con- 
tinued. "While  we  want  to  see  labour  get 
better  conditions,  we  don't  want  that  to 
happen  at  the  expense  of  the  farmer;  and 
I  am  sure  you  don't  either." 

Appealing  for  co-operation  in  the  polit- 
ical field,  Mr.  Young  said:  "As  long  as  we 
vote  against  each  other  we  are  cancelling 
out  each  other's  power.  When  we  decide 
on  a  common  policy  we  should  both  vote 
for  the  party  that  will  adopt  that  policy." 

Earlier  in  his  address  Mr.  Young  told  the 
delegates  of  the  problems  being  faced  by 
farmers  today.  The  position  of  the  farmers 
is  deteriorating,  he  said. 

"The  farmers  are  20  per  cent  of  the 
nation  yet  their  share  of  the  national 
income  is  only  10  per  cent,"  he  reported .* 

"There  has  been  a  revolution  on  the 
farm,"  he  continued.  "No  longer  can  you 
farm  with  a  few  horses.  A  farm  now  needs 
$10,000  in  equipment;  the  farmer  now 
spends  most  of  his  time  working  for  the 
farm  machinery  companies.  The  price  of 
farm  machinery  has  increased  100  per  cent 
in  five  years. 

"We  once  thought  that  the  increase  was 
the  result  of  higher  labour  costs;  we  don't 
believe  that  now." 

CCL  Vice-president  George  Burt  assured 
Mr.  Young  that  "we  would  like  to  see  more 
meetings  between  farm  union  organizations 
and  our  organizations." 


*The  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics  reported 
September  21  that  cash  income  of  Canadian 
farmers  in  the  first  six  months  of  this  year 
was  one  per  cent  less  than  in  the  correspond- 
ing period  last  year  and  five  per  cent  less 
than  in  1951. 


A.   F.   Hartung 

A  warning  not  to  delay  too  long  before 
obtaining  in  Canada  an  adequate  forest 
conservation  program  was  sounded  by 
A.  F.  Hartung,  President  of  the  Inter- 
national Woodworkers  of  America. 

"Your  forests  are  one  of  the  greatest 
resources  left  in  the  world  today,"  he  told 
the  convention.  "Unless  you  are  vigilant 
your  trees  are  going  to  be  cut  out  from 
under  you."  He  described  as  "barren 
wastes"  some  parts  of  the  United  States 
that  once  were   covered  by  forests. 

Mr.  Hartung  also  advised  the  CCL  to 
strive  for  legislation  to  protect  workers  and 
their  right  to  strike.  "Employers  today 
are  using,  not  strikebreakers,  but  the  law 
to  break  strikes/'  he  said. 

Rev.   F.   A.   Marrocco 

Rev.  F.  A.  Marrocco,  Director  of  the 
Social  Action  Department,  Canadian 
Catholic  Conference,  repeated  to  the  CCL 
convention  his  suggestion,  made  to  the 
TLC  convention  in  August  (L.G.,  Sept., 
p.  1287),  that  the  labour  movement  take 
more   interest  in  co-operative   housing. 

Co-operative  housing  has  largely  been 
neglected  by  the  trade  union  movement, 
he  said. 

As  he  had  at  the  TLC  convention,  he 
warned  that  co-operative  building  could 
not  be  successful  unless  those  participating 
first  acquired  the  spirit  of  co-operation 
and  the  know-how  to  build  houses.  Study 
material  had  been  collected  b}'  St.  Patrick's 
College,  Ottawa,  he  told  the  delegates. 

Wilfred   Fienburgh 

A  brief  account  of  the  reasons  for  the 
establishment  of  the  British  Labour  Party 
was  given  to  the  convention  by  Wilfred 
Fienburgh,  Labour  Member  of  the  British 
Parliament  for  Islington  North. 

Mr.  Fienburgh,  a  member  of  the  Trans- 
port and  General  Workers'  Union,  is 
secretary  of  the  policy  committee  of  the 
Parliamentary  Labour  Party. 

British  workers  decided  to  represent 
themselves  in  government  so  that  all  they 
had  gained  in  collective  bargaining  would 
not  be  lost  in  Parliament,  he  explained. 
"Today,  most  British  trade  unionists  are 
two  men  in  one  body:  a  member  of  a 
trade  union  and  a  member  of  the  Labour 
Party." 

Commenting  on  reports  that  the  British 
trade  unions  might  withdraw  their  support 
from  the  Labour  Party,  Mr.  Fienburgh 
said  that  was  impossible  because  the  trade 
union  movement  was  the  Labour  Party. 


1450 


Moshe   Bitan 

Moshe  Bitan,  North  American  repre- 
sentative of  Histadrut  (General  Federation 
of  Labour  of  Israel),  told  how  his  organ- 
ization was  building  a  new  country  under 
labour  control.  His  address  was  much  the 
same  as  he  gave  to  the  TLC  convention 
(L.G.,  Sept.,  p.  1288). 

"A  battle  the  labour  movement  is  con- 
ducting in  one  country  is  of  concern  to 
the  labour  movement  in  other  countries," 
he  said,  making  reference  to  the  strike 
then  in  progress  in  the  Ontario  and  Quebec 
goldfields.  "We  live  and  work  in  the  same 
world;  we  have  to  share  the  same 
problems,"  he  concluded. 

National  Health  Plan 

The  CCL  continues  to  press  for  a 
national  health  plan  that  will  provide 
"adequate  medical,  surgical,  optical,  dental 
and  hospital  treatment"  for  all  Canadians. 
The  convention  adopted  a  resolution 
suggesting  that  such  a  plan  be  administered 
in  a  manner  similar  to  unemployment 
insurance. 

Other  resolutions  asking  in  addition  for 
the  calling  of  a  Dominion-Provincial  con- 
ference to  "decide  the  arrangement  for 
joint  action,"  recommending  that  the 
Canadian  plan  be  modelled  after  Great 
Britain's  and  urging  adoption  of  the  plan 
at  the  "earliest  possible  moment"  were 
rejected  by  the  resolutions  committee. 

The  committee  also  deleted  from  the 
approved  resolution  the  request  that  the 
plan  be  "free".  Explaining  this  action, 
Harry  Chappell,  committee  chairman,  said : 
"Nothing  is  free.  What  we  want  is  an 
adequate  national  health  plan,  whether 
free — paid  from  general  taxation  revenues 
— or  contributory." 

A  delegate  who  agreed  with  this  state- 
ment added  that  many  don't  realize  that 
we  are  already  paying  the  cost  of  a  health 
plan  through  hospital  bills  and  medical 
charges.  "What  a  plan  will  do  is  spread 
the  cost  over  all,  so  that  those  who  don't 
have  the  ready  cash  will  not  be  denied 
medical  attention  when  they  need  it," 
he  said. 

At  its  convention  in  August  the  TLC 
demanded  a  "Government-subsidized,  con- 
tributory health  insurance  scheme"  pro- 
viding much  the  same  things  as  the  plan 
recommended  by  the  CCL. 

Unemployment  Insurance 

More  resolutions  on  unemployment 
insurance  were  submitted  to  this  year's 
CCL  convention  than  in  any  other  year. 
Most  of  them  were  critical. 


Eighteen  resolutions  were  referred  to  the 
CCL's  Unemployment  Insurance  Com- 
mittee, who  brought  before  the  convention 
a  statement  recommending  many  changes 
in   the   unemployment  insurance   program. 

One  resolution  rejected  by  the  com- 
mittee would  have  provided  for  the 
payment  of  unemployment  insurance  bene- 
fits to  workers  engaged  in  industrial 
disputes.  Reasons  for  the  committee's 
rejection  of  the  resolution  were  explained 
by   Vice-president   George    Burt,   chairman. 

"Don't  forget  that  not  only  do  employers 
contribute  to  the  fund,"  he  said,  "but  the 
Government,  too.  Therefore,  if  we  ask  for 
benefits  while  on  strike,  the  employers  may 
ask  that  they  have  their  contributions 
returned  in  case  of  lockout." 

Major  changes  requested  in  the  unem- 
ployment  insurance   program  were: — 

The  establishment  of  two  new  classes  of 
insured  workers — one  for  those  earning 
between  $48  and  $58.99  and  one  for  those 
earning  $60  a  week  or  more— and  the 
raising  of  benefit  rates  accordingly. 

An  upward  adjustment  of  rates  paid  to 
other  classes. 

An  increase  in  the  present  $12  maximum 
allowed  for  supplementary  earnings  to  $15. 

Removal  of  the  waiting  period  and  non- 
compensable  days. 

Removal  of  "discriminatory"  features  of 
the  section  on  married  women. 

Extension  of  coverage  to  all  wage  and 
salary  earners. 

Repeal  of  the  regulation  under  which 
workers  normally  on  a  five-day  week 
receive  no  benefit  if  they  work  only  four 
days  in  a  week. 

A  further  addition  to  the  Act  whereby 
benefit  would  be  payable  to  an  insured 
worker  who  falls  ill  during  his  term  of 
employment. 

A  change  in  the  policy  regarding  dis- 
qualifications. 

Reciprocal  agreements  with  other 
countries. 

Re-examination  of  the  benefit-contribu- 
tion formula. 

Provision  of  the  opportunity  for  released 
prison  inmates  to  draw  benefits  for  a 
sufficient  length  of  time  for  them  to  find 
employment. 

A  change  in  the  name  of  Courts  of 
Referees  to  Boards  of  Referees. 

Provision  of  better  facilities  for  claimants 
in  UIC  offices. 

Committee  on  Human  Rights 

The  new  Canada  Fair  Employment 
Practices  Act  is  "not  as  effective  as  it 
might  be"  and   Canada's  Immigration  Act 


1451 


"contains  provisions  that  permit  the  worst 
kind  of  racial  discrimination".  So  stated 
a  report  by  the  CCL's  National  Committee 
on  Human  Rights  presented  to  the  con- 
vention by  R.  J.  Lamoureux,  chairman. 

While  the  Fair  Employment  Practices 
Act  was  "undoubtedly  the  most  important 
occurrence  isnce  the  last  convention"  it 
has  weaknesses,  the  report  said.  The  most 
serious  of  these,  in  the  Committee's 
opinion,  include:  "the  failure  to  make 
inquiries  of  alleged  violations  mandatory; 
the  time-consuming  procedures  of  investi- 
gation, which  are  without  set  limits;  the 
failure  to  consider  a  violation  as  a  con- 
tinuing offence,  with  the  result  that  the 
penalties  are  too  small  to  deter  a  would-be 
offender;  and  the  failure  to  provide  for 
an  adequate  program  of  public  information 
and  education." 

The  Manitoba  Act  is  even  less  satis- 
factory and  the  Ontario  Act  "continues  to 
be  largely  ineffective  through  lack  of  any 
educational  program,"  the  report  declared. 

The  Committee  urged  the  labour  move- 
ment to  make  fair  employment  practices 
legislation  "as  familiar  to  its  members  as 
any  other  legislation  affecting  workers.  It 
is  the  labour  movement  that  must  keep  a 
sharp  lookout  against  infractions  and  pro- 
vide assistance  to  those  who  have  suffered 
discrimination,"  the  report  stated. 

The  Immigration  Act  is  "an  offence  to 
all  decent  Canadians  and  an  insult  to  many 
nations  of  the  free  world  against  whom  it 
is  obviously  aimed,"  the  Committee 
charged. 

Specifically  singled  out  were  those  sec- 
tions of  the  Act  that  make  immigrants 
liable  to  deportation  upon  becoming  a 
public  charge  or  for  appearing  to  become 
engaged  in,  or  being  associated  with,  an 
organization  that  appears  to  be  engaged  in 
subversive  activities.  These  sections  "fill 
the  immigrant's  life  with  apprehension  and 
leave  him  at  the  mercy  of  constables, 
municipal  clerks  and  others  who  have  no 
special  competence  to  determine  what  con- 
stitutes subversive  activity,"  the  report 
said. 

"The  mere  readiness  to  join  a  union 
may  be  considered  to  be  something  sub- 
versive," it  added.  "The  Immigration  Act 
stands  seriously  in  need  of  revision." 

The  discussion  on  the  report  produced 
charges  that  several  Canadian  corporations 
were  following  an  anti-Negro  policy.  A 
native  of  the  West  Indies,  Bromley 
Armstrong,  delegate  from  a  Toronto  local 
of   the   United   Automobile    Workers,    said 


that  Canada  has  a  shameful  record  of 
discrimination  in  immigration  against  those 
from  the  West  Indies  and  from  Asia. 

A  resolution  urging  provincial  federa- 
tions of  the  CCL  to  conduct  campaigns 
to  obtain  fair  employment  practices  acts 
in  provinces  where  they  do  not  exist  and 
to  ensure  effective  enforcement  where  they 
do  was  unanimoulsy  adopted. 

During  the  discussion  on  this  resolution, 
one  delegate  warned  that  the  labour  move- 
ment was  not  doing  enough  "policing"  of 
the  legislation  now  existing,  pointing  out 
that  only  three  complaints  had  been  regis- 
tered in  Ontario  in  the  first  year  that 
province's  Act  was  in  force.  Another 
declared  the  Congress  should  seek  to  put 
more  teeth  in  existing  legislation. 

"We  should  put  the  onus  on  the 
employers  to  prove  they  are  not  discrim- 
inating," he  said.  "Now  the  person 
discriminated  against  has  to  prove  his 
point."  This  delegate  also  said  the  penal- 
ties were  not  stiff  enough.  They  should  be : 
first  a  warning,  then  a  fine  and  then  "put 
them  out  of  business,"  he  said. 

Another  resolution  adopted  expressed 
approval  of  and  promised  continued  sup- 
port for  the  work  of  the  CCL  Committee, 
the  Jewish  Labour  Committee  and  the 
Local  Labour  Committees  against  Intoler- 
ance and  urged  all  CCL  affiliates  and 
departments  to  co-operate  with  them. 
During  the  discussion  on  this  resolution 
the  suggestion  was  made  that  anti-discrim- 
ination clauses  be  written  into  collective 
agreements  so  that  the  union  could 
"police"  them. 

Taxation 

Charging  that  the  1953  federal  budget 
favoured  "big  business"  and  warning  that 
a  shifting  of  taxes  "on  to  the  back  of 
those  in  the  lower-income  brackets"  can 
take  away  wage-increases  won  through 
collective  bargaining,  the  CCL  urged  the 
adoption  of  a  tax  policy  based  on  "ability 
to  pay". 

Such  a  policy  can  be  developed  in  part, 
the  resolution  approved  by  the  convention 
declared,  by  increasing  basic  exemptions, 
exempting  all  medical  expenses,  reducing 
the  sales  tax  and  abolishing  it  on  all 
necessities,  and  removing  the  $60  limita- 
tion on  the  2-per-cent  tax  for  the  old  age 
security  fund. 

Exemptions  should  be  increased,  the 
resolution  said,  from  $1,000  to  $1,500  for 
single  persons  and  from  $2,000  to  $3,000 
for  married  persons. 

Ten  resolutions  on  taxation  had  been 
submitted;    the    one    adopted   covered   the 


1452 


CCL  President  Mosher,  Labour  Minister  Gregg  and  CCL  Secretary-Treasurer  Donald 
MacDonald  converse  in  front  of  the  Department's  anti-discrimination  display  board. 


points  raised  in  seven  of  them.  The  con- 
vention also  adopted  one  recommending 
that  the  CCL  executive  make  a  study  of 
exemptions  for  money  spent  on  work 
clothes,  travel  to  and  from  employment 
out  of  town  and  on  the  maintenance  of 
two  homes  when  a  worker's  employment 
requires  it,  and  that  it  recommend  to  the 
Cabinet  changes  in  taxation  policies  that 
will  remove  such  "unfair  burdens"  from 
workers.  Rejected  was  a  resolution  urging 
the  federal  Government  to  exempt  from 
income  tax  the  amount  spent  in  municipal 
taxes. 

Wage  Demands 

The  CCL  has  recommended  that  all  its 
affiliates  "give  consideration  to  the  desir- 
ability of"  a  general  wage  increase.  The 
purchasing  power  of  the  workers  has  not 
kept  pace  with  the  increase  in  their 
productivity  and  an  over-abundance  of 
goods  has  resulted,  declared  the  preamble 
to  the  resolution  that  the  delegates 
approved. 

The  resolution  adopted  was  a  substitute, 
written   by  the   resolutions   committee,   for 


r9025 — 4 


one  that  asked  the  Congress  to  recom- 
mend a  "drive  for  a  general  round  of  wage 
increase". 

One  delegate  questioned  the  wisdom  of 
seeking  general  wage  increases.  "Where 
are  we  going  and  what  is  our  aim?"  asked 
Les  Miller  of  New  Westminster,  a  delegate 
from  the  International  Woodworkers  of 
America.  The  advantages  of  a  wage  in- 
crease were  almost  immediately  wiped  out 
by  rising  prices,  he  said. 

"The  only  people  we  help  through  in- 
creased wages  are  the  financiers,"  he 
concluded. 

R.  Atkin,  delegate  from  the  Industrial 
Federation  of  Labour  of  Alberta,  was 
quick  to  speak  in  favour  of  the  resolution. 
"We  must  give  the  workers  sufficient 
income  to  purchase  the  entire  production 
of  the  country,"  he  said. 

Employment  of  Disabled  Persons 

The  CCL  has  decided  to  encourage  all 
its  affiliates  to  insert  in  their  contracts  a 
clause  calling  for  the  employment  of 
disabled  persons  where  possible.  "There 
can  be  no  rehabilitation  without  a  job," 
declared  the  resolution  adopted. 

1453 


As  submitted  by  a  Vancouver  local  of 
the  United  Steelworkers,  the  resolution 
would  have  had  all  CCL  affiliates 
"endeavour"  to  insert  in  their  contracts  a 
clause  that  would  "allow  one  per  cent  of 
their  members  to  be  composed  of  disabled 
persons."  The  resolutions  committee 
removed  the  words  "one  per  cent," 
pointing  out  that  they  were  in  the 
nature  of  a  limitation,  and  substituted 
"be  encouraged  to"  for  the  words 
"endeavour  to". 

Election  of  Officers 

All  principal  officers  of  the  CCL  were 
re-elected.  A  left-wing  contingent  nomin- 
ated contenders  for  all  positions  except, 
that  of  secretary-treasurer;  all  of  them 
were  soundly  defeated. 

President  A.  R.  Mosher,  re-elected  for 
his  14th  term,  received  585  votes  to  108 
for  W.  L.  White  of  the  Marine  and  Ship- 
building Workers.  Secretary-Treasurer 
Donald  MacDonald  was  returned  by 
acclamation. 

The  four  incumbent  vice-presidents  were 
returned;  the  left-wing  nominee  garnered 
fewer  than  100  votes.  Voting  was  as 
follows:  George  Burt,  685;  Silby  Barrett, 
681;  Sol  Spivak,  662;  C.  H.  Millard,  648; 
and  William  Stewart,  95. 

Six  members  of  the  eight-man  executive 
committee  were  returned  in  a  contest  that 
attracted  13  entrants.  Results  of  the  voting 
— the  first  eight  named  being  elected — 
were:  Harry  Chappell,  President,  Cana- 
dian Brotherhood  of  Railway  Employees 
and  Other  Transport  Workers,  689; 
J.  Harold  D'Aoust,  Canadian  Director, 
Textile  Workers'  Union  of  America,  678; 
H.  Landon  Ladd,  Canadian  Director, 
International  Woodworkers  of  America, 
659;  Fred  Dowling,  Canadian  Director, 
United  Packinghouse  Workers  of  America, 
658;  Freeman  Jenkins,  Director,  District 
26,  United  Mine  Workers  of  America,  658; 
William  Mahoney,  Assistant  Canadian 
Director,  United  Steelworkers  of  America, 
654;  Malcolm  Smith,  President,  Local  222, 
United  Automobile  Workers,  637;  Romeo 
Mathieu,  Secretary,  Quebec  Federation  of 
Industrial  Unions,  537;  Willi  Robitaille, 
Canadian  Brotherhood  of  Municipal 
Employees,  172;  Pat  Hurrell,  National 
Union  of  Brewery  Workers,  94;  J.  K.  Bell, 
Secretary-Treasurer,  Maritime  Marine 
Workers'  Federation,  84;  Sam  English, 
United  Mine  Workers,  69;  and  Stan 
Thornley,  United  Rubber  Workers,  51. 


Other  Resolutions 

Industrial  Pensions 

Because  workers  laid  off  or  severing  their 
employment  have  no  vested  interest  in 
present  industrial  pension  plans  and 
because  small  establishments  cannot  afford 
such  plans,  the  CCL  is  going  to  ask  the 
federal  Government  to  enact  an  industrial 
pension  plan. 

The  plan  should  provide,  according  to 
the  resolution  adopted:  universal  coverage, 
a  fund  administered  by  the  Government 
through  an  industrial  pension  commission, 
pension  credits  during  a  worker's  working 
life  regardless  of  the  number  of  employers 
worked  for,  and  a  pension  payable  by  the 
industrial  pension  commission  at  age  65. 

Old  Age   Pensions 

Ten  resolutions  on  pensions  were  sub- 
mitted. The  resolutions  committee  com- 
bined seven  of  them  into  one  favouring 
the  introduction  of  old  age  pensions  of 
$65  monthly  to  all  citizens  at  the  age 
of  65  years,  without  a  means  test;  it  was 
adopted.  Rejected  by  the  committee  was 
a  suggestion  that  the  CCL  petition  for  a 
pension  of  "at  least  $100  a  month"  pay- 
able at  the  age  of  60. 

The  convention  adopted  a  resolution 
urging  the  Government  to  permit  pen- 
sioners to  receive  the  pension  "wherever 
they  wish  to  reside"  and  not  only  if  they 
remain  in  Canada. 

A  resolution  dealing  with  pensions  to 
the  blind  was  referred  to  the  executive. 

Maritime   Affairs 

The  institution  of  fair  wage  schedules 
on  all  government  work  pertaining  to  ship- 
building and  repair  in  Canadian  yards  was 
urged  in  one  of  four  resolutions  dealing 
with  maritime  affairs  adopted  by  the  con- 
vention. A  total  of  14  had  been  submitted; 
ten  had  not  been  dealt  with  by  adjourn- 
ment. 

Another  of  the  adopted  resolutions 
called  for  the  immediate  replacement  of 
obsolete  government  service  vessels  and 
the  construction  of  additional  tonnage  to 
meet  the  "increasing"  demand  for  services 
by  government  departments.  Any  new 
tonnage  built  should  have  "reasonable" 
facilities  for  crew  members,  the  resolution 
added. 

A  third  resolution  asked  the  Govern- 
ment to  double,  from  7,500  to  15,000.  the 
number  of  persons  it  attempts  to  provide 
emplo3fment  for  in  the  shipbuilding  and 
repair  industry.  The  suggested  way  to  do 
this:  "a  planned  ship-replacement  program 
in    the    government    service    fleet    and    aid 


1454 


The  CCL  executive  for  1953-54.  Front  row  (left  to  right)  :  Vice-presidents  George 
Burt,  Sol  Spivak  and  Silby  Barrett;  President  Mosher;  Executive  Committee  mem- 
bers Malcolm  Smith  and  William  Mahoney.  Back  row  (left  to  right) :  Executive 
Committee  members  Harry  Chappell  and  Freeman  Jenkins,  Secretary-Treasurer 
Donald  MacDonald,  H.  Landon  Ladd,  committee  member;  Vice-president  C.  H. 
Millard  and  Norman  S.  Dowd,  Executive  Secretary.  Absent  when  the  picture  was 
taken  were  Fred  Dowling  and  J.  Harold  D'Aoust,  members  of  the  executive  committee. 


in  promoting  shipbuilding  orders  for 
domestic    and    foreign   interests." 

The  fourth  adopted  resolution  called  for 
the  building  of  Canadian  naval  vessels  in 
Canadian  shipyards  wherever   possible. 

Among  the  resolutions  not  reached  were 
those  calling  for  a  royal  commission  to 
inquire  into  "all  phases  of  the  operations 
of  the  Canadian  Maritime  Commission,"  a 
modern,  fast  Canadian  merchant  marine 
and  the  construction  with  government  aid 
of  a   Canadian  super-liner. 

Constitutional  Amendments 

Directly-chartered  local  unions  of  the 
CCL  will  now  have  to  affiliate  with  the 
appropriate  provincial  federation  as  the 
result  of  the  adoption  of  an  amendment 
to  the  constitution.  Another  amendment 
that  would  have  forced  all  CCL  affiliates  to 
join  the  provincial  federation  and  labour 
council  in  their  locality  was  rejected. 

President  Mosher  led  the  opposition  to 
the  amendment.  The  reason  for  his  objec- 
tion, he  explained,  was  that  unions  in 
remote  sections  of  the  country  would  find 
it  difficult  to  finance  the  sending  of  dele- 
gates to  provincial  federation  meetings  and 
thus  there  would  be  "taxation  without 
representation". 

"When  all  of  the  affiliated  organizations 
are  prepared  to  go  to  conventions  of  their 
own  unions  and  pass  a  rule  compelling 
their  locals  to  become  members  of  these 
federations,  then  they  can  come  and  ask 
the  federally-chartered  locals  to  become 
members,"  he  said. 


Vice-president  George  Burt  urged 
adoption  of  the  amendment.  "We  have 
been  told  by  the  Premier  of  Ontario  that 
we  didn't  represent  the  workers  of  the 
province;  he  represented  them,"  Mr.  Burt 
said.  He  also  pointed  out  that  the  United 
Automobile  Workers  and  the  United  Steel- 
workers  had  interpreted  their  constitutions 
to  make  it  compulsory  for  their  locals  to 
affiliate  with  provincial  federations  and 
labour  councils. 

The  amendment  carried  in  a  standing 
vote. 

Federal  Elections 

Three  resolutions  concerning  federal  elec- 
tion procedures  were  adopted.  One  urged 
amendment  of  the  Election  Act  to  permit 
voters  absent  from  their  home  polling  sub- 
division on  election  day  to  exercise  their 
franchise.  The  resolution  suggested  alter- 
native ways  this  could  be  achieved:  by 
extending  the  coverage  of  the  advance  poll 
provisions  to  include  all  persons  on  the 
voters'  list  or  by  providing  for  a  form  of 
absentee  voting. 

The  second  resolution  urged  the  inclu- 
sion of  party  affiliation  on  the  ballot 
papers  and  the  third  called  for  legislation 
to  protect  the  leave  of  absence,  pension 
and  seniority  rights  of  candidates  in 
elections. 

A   resolution  urging 
$200    deposit   required 
federal    elections    had 
before   the   convention  up   to  the   time   of 
adjournment. 


the  halving  of  the 
from  candidates  in 
not    been    brought 


79025— 4* 


1455 


Government  Employees 

The  federal  Government  was  urged  in 
another  resolution  to  recognize  unions  of 
its  employees.  "It's  time,"  said  R.  J. 
Lamoureux,  President  of  the  Quebec 
Federation  of  Industrial  Unions,  "for  the 
Government,  the  biggest  employer  in  the 
country,  to  show  the  way  to  reactionary 
employers  in  the  country  and  make  collec- 
tive bargaining  a  reality  for  its  employees." 

Ex  Parte  Injunctions 

"The  courts  and  injunctions  have  been 
used  to  frustrate  the  intention  of  labour 
relations  boards,"  said  Eamon  Park  during 
the  discussion  on  a  resolution  expressing 
opposition  to  the  granting  of  ex  parte  in- 
junctions in  labour  disputes.  The  resolu- 
tion was  adopted. 

The  Congress  should  also  give  considera- 
tion, Mr.  Park  added,  to  the  question 
whether  "any  kind  of  injunction  has  a 
place"  in  labour  disputes. 

Other  Resolutions 

The  convention  approved  resolutions 
calling  for: — 

Continued  opposition  by  the  CCL  to  the 
proposed  amendments  to  the  Criminal 
Code. 

Inclusion  in  the  Criminal  Code  of  a 
provision  that  will  make  it  illegal  for  an 
employer  to  employ  strike-breakers  during 
the  course  of  a  legal  strike. 

Nomination  of  a  union  representative  to 
the  board  that  will  implement  the 
St.  Lawrence  Seaway  project,  which  was 
again  accorded  CCL  support  in  another 
resolution. 

Action  to  ensure  the  building  of  trans- 
Canada  gas  and  oil  pipelines. 

An  immediate  start  on  the  construction 
of  the  Chignecto  Canal. 

Re-consideration  by  the  Government  of 
its  position  regarding  the  budget  of  the 
International  Labour  Organization  and  the 
payment  by  Canada  of  its  full  share  of 
the  cost  of  the  ILO. 

Equal  representation  for  Labour  on  acci- 
dent prevention  boards. 

The  preparation  by  the  CCL  of  educa- 
tional material  about  the   Canadian  trade 


union  movement  for  distribution  to 
immigrants. 

A  Canada-wide  campaign  to  promote  the 
sale  of  goods  made  by  union  members. 

The  convention  rejected  resolutions  call- 
ing for: — 

The  holding  of  biennial  or  triennial 
rather  than  annual  conventions. 

A  request  by  the  CCL  that  provincial 
governments  not  permit  military  training 
in  elementary  or  secondary  schools. 

The  fostering  of  more  political  action 
work  between  elections. 

Referred  to  the  incoming  executive  for 
investigation,  consideration  or  action  were 
resolutions   calling  for: — 

The  establishment  of  a  suitable  strike 
fund  within  the  Congress. 

The  establishment  and  maintenance  of 
a  holiday  resort  for  CCL  members  and 
their  families. 

The  institution  by  the  CCL  Political 
Action  Committee  of  an  educational 
program  "to  prepare  members  for  the  next 
federal  elections". 

Among  the  resolutions  not  dealt  with 
before  adjournment  and  referred  to  the 
incoming  executive  were  those  urging  the 
enlargement  of  the  Special  Placements 
Division  of  the  National  Employment 
Service  in  order  to  intensify  the  drive  to 
place  handicapped  persons  in  employment, 
the  planned  promotion  of  immigration  and 
the  settling  of  immigrants  in  rural  areas 
in  order  to  relieve  the  housing  problem 
in  the  cities,  the  achievement  of#  a 
maximum  work  week  of  40  hours  for  all 
locals,  the  appointment  of  a  guaranteed 
annual  wage  committee,  donation  by  the 
CCL  of  an  annual  scholarship  to  a  student 
"of  labour  sympathies"  for  labour  studies 
at  St.  Francis  Xavier  University,  the  build- 
ing of  a  CCL  headquarters  in  Ottawa  and 
a  meeting  of  representatives  of  provincial 
governments  for  the  purpose  of  setting  up 
a  uniform  apprenticeship  act  for  industrial 
trades. 

Three  resolutions  dealing  with  the 
Ontario  "Workmen's  Compensation  Act  were 
referred  to  the  Ontario  Federation  of 
Labour  for  action. 


Unemployment  among  India's  educated 
class  will  be  relieved  by  the  opening  of 
more  one-teacher  primary  schools.  About 
15,000  will  obtain  employment  under  the 
scheme,  according  to  the  Government  of 
India  Information  Services. 


Finances  required  for  the  plan  will  come 
from  the  amount  set  apart  by  the  Gov- 
ernment of  India  for  fighting  unemploy- 
ment. Each  school  is  expected  to  cost 
the  Government  about  Rs  1,000  (approxi- 
mately $206.30). 


1456 


Steelworkers  Hold  National  Policy  Conference 

Union  will  seek  wage  increases  to  re-establish   parity  with   U.S.  steel 
industry,  250  delegates  decide,  declaring  economy  can  meet  the  raises 


Demands  for  higher  wages  in  all  new 
contracts  to  re-establish  parity  with  wage 
rates  in  the  United  States  will  be  made 
by  the  United  Steelworkers  of  America 
(CIO-CCL).  The  union's  national  policy 
conference  made  this  decision  at  a  three- 
day  meeting  in  Montreal  the  week  prior 
to  the  Canadian  Congress  of  Labour 
convention. 

The  250  delegates,  representing  75,000 
members  of  the  USA  in  Canada,  also 
passed  resolutions  dealing  with  hours  of 
work,  wage  differentials,  job  classification, 
political  action  and  organization  of  office 
workers. 

The  policy-makers,  headed  by  C.  H. 
Millard,  National  Director  of  the  union, 
found  that  the  buoyancy  of  the  Canadian 
economy  could  stand  the  higher  wage 
demands.  The  union's  research  director, 
W.  F.  Cleve  Kidd,  had  submitted  early 
in  the  conference  a  report  on  the 
economic  situation  in  Canada.  Heavy 
investment  indicated  "economic  health," 
he  said,  and  this  should  lead  to  a  demand 
for  more  workers. 

Mr.  Kidd  estimated  that  real  wages  had 
risen  8-5  per  cent  in  the  first  quarter  of 
1953.  Employment  was  at  a  record  level 
and  payrolls  were  expanding,  he  said. 

The  resolution  on  wage  demands  was 
adopted  "in  principle"  but  was  sent  back 
to  the  committee  for  redrafting.  Some 
of  the  delegates  objected  to  the  words 
"parity  with  rates  in  the  United  States". 
They  felt  that  this  was  restrictive  and 
that  in  an  expanding  economy  like 
Canada's,  no  union  should  be  tied  to  wage 
rates  paid  in  the  United  States. 

Other  objectives  to  be  sought  by  the 
union  are  the  elimination  of  in-plant  wage 
differentials  not  based  on  job  content  by 
extension  of  the  co-operative  wage  study 
system  of  job  classification,  and  exten- 
sion of  master,  industry  and  international 
agreements. 


The  union  will  also  seek  the  extension 
of  the  efforts  of  committees  and  councils 
for  particular  industries  to  establish 
national  standards  of  work  and  wages  and 
co-ordinated  negotiations  in  those 
industries. 

The  principle  of  the  40-hour  week  in 
the  steel  industry  was  re-affirmed  as  an 
objective  for  labour.  This  was  adopted  in 
place  of  a  proposal  for  a  35-hour  week 
objective  in  negotiations. 

A  resolution  urging  that  the  steel- 
workers "continue  to  support  the  CCF  as 
a  political  arm  of  labour"  was  discussed. 
It  urged  all  local  unions  to  contribute  to 
provincial  political  action  committee  funds. 

Speaking  in  support  of  the  resolution, 
Henry  Weisbach,  political  action  director 
of  the  CCL,  said  that  "every  one  of  our 
economic  battles  is  rapidly  becoming  a 
political  battle".  Debate  on  this  and  on 
the  union's  internal  policy  was  concluded 
at  the  closed  session  on  the  last  day  of 
the  conference. 

A  resolution  was  adopted  asking  the  CCL 
to  seek  a  pension  plan  which  would  enable 
workers  to  retain  pension  rights  despite 
changes  of  employment. 

Another  resolution  urged  that  plans  be 
concluded  speedily  to  extend  unionization 
to  white  collar  workers.  It  called  on  all 
local  union  officers  to  take  immediate 
steps  to   canvass  office  workers. 

R.  J.  Lamoureux,  President  of  the 
Quebec  Federation  of  Labour  (CCL), 
informed  the  delegates  that  a  "full  dress 
appeal"  will  be  made  to  unions  affiliated 
with  the  Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of 
Canada,  the  American  Federation  of 
Labor  and  the  Canadian  and  Catholic 
Confederation  of  Labour  to  support  the 
gold  miners  on  strike  in  Northern  Ontario 
and  Quebec.  He  recalled  that  the  United 
Steelworkers  had  supported  strikes  at 
Asbestos  and  Louiseville  and  had  con- 
tributed   generously    to    all    appeals. 


Generally  speaking,  the  average  cost  per      $8.54  in  hospitals  of  101  to  200  beds,  $7.86 


patient-day  in  Canadian  general  hospitals 
is  highest  in  the  larger  institutions.  In 
hospitals  of  more  than  200  beds,  the 
Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics  reports,  the 
average  was  $9.82  in  1951,  compared  with 


in  hospitals  of  51  to  100  beds,  $7.32  in 
hospitals  of  26  to  50  beds  and  $7.94  in 
hospitals  of  25  beds  or  fewer.  Since  the 
war,  the  average  cost  per  patient-day  has 
more  than  doubled. 


1457 


CCL  and  CCCL  Shipyard  Unions  Confer 

Call  for  re-opening   of  trade  with    countries  of  the  East  in  order  to 
avoid  "major  depression"  in  Canadian  shipbuilding  industry  and  yards 


Representatives  of  two  Canadian  ship- 
building unions  have  called  for  the  re- 
opening of  trade  with  Eastern  countries  in 
order  to  avoid  a  "major  depression"  in 
the  country's  shipyards. 

At  a  weekend  conference  in  Montreal 
last  month,  delegates  from  the  Federation 
Nationale  de  la  Metallurgie  (CCCL)  and 
the  Shipyard  General  Workers'  Federation 
of  British  Columbia  (CCL)  urged  that 
trade  be  re-opened  with  the  "vast  markets 
of  the  East  and  other  countries  presently 
barred  to  us".  No  countries  were  directly 
named  in  the  statement,  issued  by  S.  T. 
Payne,  Vice-President  of  the  Federation 
Nationale,  that  revealed  the  decisions  made 
at  the  closed  conference. 

The  delegates,  who  represented  a 
majority  of  the  shipyard  workers  in 
Canada,  also  passed  resolutions  dealing 
with  the  Government's  handling  of  the 
shipbuilding  industry,  the  St.  Lawrence 
seaway  and  the  Canadian  merchant 
marine.     These  were: — 

That  government  subsidies  to  shipping 
companies  be  limited  to  those  companies 
who  build  and  repair  their  ships  in 
Canadian  yards. 

That  if  the  St.  Lawrence  seaway  be 
built,   authorities   take   steps   to   insure   the 


complete  protection  of  Canadian  shipping 
using  the  waterway. 

That  a  royal  commission  be  established 
to  investigate  and  inquire  into  all  phases 
of  the  operations  of  the  Maritime 
Commission. 

That  there  be  complete  planning  of  a 
Canadian  Government  merchant  marine 
"to  insure  that  Canada  may  take  her 
rightful  place  as  a  trading  and  shipping 
nation". 

That  a  program  be  undertaken  providing 
for  replacement  of  Canada's  present 
"inadequate  and  largely  obsolete"  merchant 
marine  by  a  fleet  of  fast  and,  where 
necessary,  refrigerated  cargo  ships  in  order 
to  be  in  a  position  of  competitive 
advantage  with  foreign  shipping. 

Concern  was  expressed  by  the  delegates 
over  the  future  of  the  shipyards  when  the 
current  naval  construction  and  refitting 
programs  end,  and  over  the  inroads  into 
Canadian  shipping,  particularly  by  foreign 
vessels  built  especially  for  the  Great  Lakes 
trade  route. 

The  statement  revealed  that  a  second 
conference  will  be  held  later  this  year  in 
Ottawa,  at  which  a  brief  will  be  drawn  up 
for  presentation  to  the  federal  Government 
and  to  the  Maritime  Commission. 


32nd  Convention  of  Canadian  and 
Catholic  Confederation  of  Labour 


Delegates  vote  to  raise  contribution  to  "professional  defence  fund'' 
from  10  to  25  cents  per  member  per  month  and  revise  organization's 
whole  set-up.    All  members  of  executive  committee  returned  to  office 


The  Canadian  and  Catholic  Confedera- 
tion of  Labour,  at  its  32nd  annual  con- 
vention held  in  Quebec  City,  raised  its 
professional  defence  fund  to  $300,000  per 
year  and  at  the  same  time  gave  solemn 
warning  to  employers,  legislators  and  others 
concerned  "that  they  will  never  succeed  in 
making  the  Confederation  a  party  to  the 
exploitation  of  the  workers". 

The  434  delegates,  representing  for  the 
first   time  more   than   100.000  CCCL  mem- 


bers, devoted  most  of  their  time  during 
the  six-day  convention  to  questions  of 
internal  management.  Sitting  morning, 
noon  and  night — in  spite  of  which  the 
convention  had  to  be  extended  for  one 
day — they  revised  the  whole  set-up  of  their 
organization,  from  its  financial  structure  to 
the  attitude  of  its  leaders. 

The  delegates: — 

Re-elected   their  Executive   Committee 

outright; 


1458 


CCCL  General  Secretary  Jean  Marchand  presenting  his  report  to  the  annual  conven- 
tion,  as   General   President   Gerard   Picard    (seated)    listens.      Both    were    re-elected. 


Increased  the  minimum  monthly  dues 
to  two  dollars; 

Increased  the  monthly  contribution  to 
the  professional  defence  fund  from  10 
to  25  cents; 

'Charged  the  Quebec  Labour  Relations 
Board  with  persecution  of  the  Catholic 
labour  movement; 

Re-affirmed  their  opposition  to  material- 
istic doctrines,  be  they  Marxian  or 
capitalistic; 

Made  it  clear  that  they  are  deter- 
mined not  to  give  up  the  strike  weapon. 

Four    sessions    were    held    behind    closed 
doors,    during    which    the    delegates    asked 


their  leaders  to  report  on  their  obligations 
and  the  latter  explained  not  only  their 
actions  during  the  year  but  also  the  reasons 
for  which  such  actions  were  taken. 

The  re-election  of  all  members  of  last 
year's  Executive  Committee,  and  particu- 
larly the  unanimous  re-election  of  the 
General  President,  Gerard  Picard,  the 
General  Secretary,  Jean  Marchand,  and 
five  of  the  seven  vice-presidents,  showed 
that  the  CCCL  membership  has  no  com- 
plaints about  the  leadership  of  the 
organization. 

For  the  first  time  in  many  years,  no 
member  organization  was  on  strike  while 
the  CCCL  convention  was  being  held.    This 


1459 


did  not  prevent  the  delegates  from  warn- 
ing those  concerned  that  "the  CCCL  will 
never  deprive  its  members  of  their  right 
to  strike  but  will,  on  the  contrary,  support 
them  against  all  who  cheat  them,  abuse 
them,  or  try  to  prevent  them  from  being 
treated  with  justice." 

Following  a  year  during  which  disputes 
were  not  only  serious  but  prolonged,  e.g., 
those  at  Louiseville,  Dupuis  Freres,  Vickers 
and  the  threat  of  a  general  strike,  the 
delegates'  statement  took  on  the  appearance 
of  a  declaration  of  principle,  all  the  more 
so  as  this  resolution  was  carried  unani- 
mously and  gave  rise  to  an  ovation. 

In  line  with  this  action,  the  delegates 
provided  for  a  more  substantial  profes- 
sional defence  fund. 

The  convention  also  decided  to  improve 
the  efficiency  of  the  organization  by  the 
creation  of  two  positions,  that  of  public 
relations  officer  and  that  of  research 
director. 

The  question  of  unity  between  the 
different  labour  organizations  in  Canada, 
which  was  discussed  by  other  conventions, 
was  not  raised  by  the  CCCL  delegates. 
The  CCCL  convention,  however,  did  take 
some  action  to  that  effect,  when  it  unani- 
mously approved  a  message  of  sympathy 
and  a  promise  of  support  to  the  Noranda 
miners,  then  on  strike.  The  message  was 
forwarded  to  C.  H.  Millard,  Canadian 
Director  of  the  United  Steelworkers  of 
America  (CCL). 

The  question  of  political  action,  which 
was  the  most  widely-discussed  question  at 
the  1952  convention,  did  not  give  rise  to 
any  debate.  The  report  of  the  Political 
Arbitration  Committee  was  approved  with- 
out discussion. 

The  Committee  was  changed,  however. 
This  committee  will  now  consist  of  a 
Director  appointed  by  the  Executive  and  a 
representative  appointed  by  each  regional 
and  local  political  orientation  committee. 
The  appointment  of  a  permanent  officer, 
whose  duties  will  deal  only  with  orienta- 
tion, education  and  action  in  the  political 
field,  was  referred  to  the  Confederal 
Bureau. 

All  resolutions  concerning  health  insur- 
ance were  also  referred  to  the  Confederal 
Bureau  and  the  matter  was  not  discussed 
during  the  convention. 

However,  the  delegates  adopted  a 
resolution,  not  included  on  the  agenda, 
asking  the  federal  Government  to  estab- 
lish a  merchant  marine  and  to  provide 
that  all  ships  sailing  our  coastal  or  inland 
waters  be  built  and  repaired  in  Canadian 
shipyards. 


The  convention  devoted  many  hours  to 
the  study,  drafting  and  adoption  of  regu- 
lations that  will  now  govern  the  profes- 
sional defence  committee  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  professional  defence  fund. 

As  in  past  years,  the  General  President 
submitted  a  very  substantial  report  in 
which  he  discussed  three  questions  which 
are  very  much  of  the  moment:  economic 
and  commercial  relations  on  the  interna- 
tional level  and  particularly  between 
Canada  and  the  United  States;  division 
of  power  between  the  federal  and  provincial 
Governments;  and,  finally,  conciliation  and 
arbitration. 

The  General  Secretary,  apart  from  his 
report  on  general  activity  during  the  year, 
stressed  at  quite  some  length  the  diffi- 
culties put  in  the  way  of  the  CCCL  by 
the  Quebec  Labour  Relations  Board. 

Charging  the  Board  with  persecution  of 
the  Catholic  labour  movement,  Jean 
Marchand  said:  "It  is  urgent  that  the  con- 
vention take  a  firm  stand  with  regard  to 
the  Labour  Relations  Board,  if  we  do  not 
want  it  to  destroy  our  organization.  It 
is  not  a  question  of  favours  or  privileges," 
he  explained,  "but  one  of  elementary 
justice." 

This  resulted  in  a  request  by  the  con- 
vention to  the  provincial  Government  for 
a  complete  reform  of  the  Board. 

Opening  Ceremonies 

The  32nd  annual  convention  of  the 
Canadian  and  Catholic  Confederation  of 
Labour  was  held  in  that  organization's 
spacious,  modern  building  in  Quebec  City, 
from  September  13  to  18. 

The  official  opening  of  the  convention 
took  place  on  Sunday  afternoon  in  the 
presence  of  distinguished  representatives  of 
Church,  State  and  the  universities  and  from 
foreign  countries  of  three  continents. 

Guests  included:  His  Excellency  Mgr. 
Charles-Omer  Garant,  Auxiliary  Bishop  of 
Quebec;  Paul-Emile  Cote,  Parliamentary 
Assistant  to  the  Federal  Minister  of 
Labour;  Gerard  Tremblay,  Provincial 
Deputy  Minister  of  Labour;  Rev.  Father 
Georges-Henri  Levesque,  Dean  of  the 
Faculty  of  Social  Science  at  Laval 
University;  Paul  Lebel,  President  of  the 
Superior  Labour  Council  of  Quebec; 
Arthur  Bertinchamps,  President  of  the 
International  Christian  Federation  of 
Metal  Workers  of  Belgium;  Marcel 
Roellinghoff,  second  Secretary  at  the 
Embassy  of  the  Federal  Republic  of 
Germany  in  Ottawa  and  Cesar  S.  Mazzetti, 
representative  of  the  Central  Labour  Organ- 
ization of  South  America  (ATLAS). 


1460 


Many  of  the  guests  were  invited  to  speak 
during  the  inaugural  ceremony. 

Paul-Emile   Cote 

Paul-Emile  Cote,  Member  of  Parliament 
for  Verdun  and  Parliamentary  Assistant  to 
the  Federal  Minister  of  Labour,  stressed 
the  fact  that  "Canada's  economy  is  not 
necessarily  bound  to  a  war  and  defence 
policy". 

"In  Canada."  Mr.  Cote  declared,  "we 
may  believe  in  a  peace  economy."  He 
stressed  that  the  future  points  to  uncer- 
tainties in  economic  conditions,  but  said 
that  he  agreed  with  optimistic  leaders  who 
see  in  our  natural  wealth  and  in  our  vast 
economic  expansion  of  the  past  few  years 
an  auspicious  promise  for  the  future. 

"In  Canada,"  Mr.  Cote  emphasized,  "we 
have  every  reason  to  have  faith  in  a  lasting 
prosperity  which  does  not  depend  on  a  war 
economy." 

Pointing  out  that  the  CCCL  member- 
ship has  passed  the  hundred  thousand 
mark  for  the  first  time,  Mr.  Cote  con- 
gratulated the  Confederation  not  only  on 
its  progress  in  the  field  of  organization  but 
also  on  the  "enlightened"  manner  in  which 
it  has  understood  its  part  and  on  its 
activities  in  labour  and  social  spheres. 

The  Parliamentary  Assistant  to  Mr. 
Gregg,  who,  since  occupying  that  post,  has 
attended  all  CCCL  conventions,  lauded  the 
Confederation  for  seeking  to  establish  social 
justice  and  for  "sincerely"  endeavouring  to 
promote  the  betterment  of  the  working 
class. 

"If,  now  and  again,  there  are  differences 
of  opinion,"  he  explained,  "we  are  all  the 
same  agreed  on  the  purposes  to  be  achieved, 
if  not  necessarily  on  the  means  to  be 
taken." 

Mr.  Cote  expressed  sincere  wishes  for  the 
success  of  the  convention  and  promised  on 
behalf  of  the  Minister  of  Labour,  that 
when  the  recommendations  resulting  from 
the  discussions  reached  the  federal  Govern- 
ment they  would  be  carefully  considered. 
He  stressed  the  influence  of  labour  organ- 
izations, such  as  the  CCCL,  on  the  present 
federal  legislation. 

Mgr.   Charles-Omer  Garant 

The  representative  of  the  Church,  Mgr. 
Charles-Omer  Garant,  Auxiliary  Bishop  of 
Quebec,  stressed  briefly  the  satisfaction  of 
the  Province  of  Quebec  Episcopate  at  the 
progress  made  by  the  CCCL  during  the 
past  ten  years. 

"Your  movement,"  Mgr.  Garant  declared, 
"constitutes  more  than  any  other  a  factor 
capable  of  establishing  amongst  us  a  truly 


Paul   Emile   Cote,   MP 

Represents  Minister  of  Labour 

Christian  social  order,   ever   more   compre- 
hensive, ever  more  perfect. 

"Indeed,"  continued  His  Excellency,  "the 
Church  is  aware  of  the  extent  and  com- 
plexity of  the  problems  you  must  face 
every  day,  but  it  also  knows  that  the  high 
integrity  and  the  sense  of  responsibility  of 
your  leaders  will  enable  you  to  overcome 
all  obstacles  and  thus  lead  the  Catholic 
labour  movement  to  ever-brighter  destinies." 

Gerard   Tremblay 

The  provincial  Deputy  Minister  of 
Labour,  Gerard  Tremblay,  who  attended  the 
first  convention  of  the  CCCL  held  in  Hull 
in  1921,  also  remarked  on  the  extensive 
progress  of  the  Confederation. 

"Your  influence  in  labour  circles  and  with 
governments,"  Mr.  Tremblay  declared, 
"has  developed  on  a  par  with  the  growth 
of  your  membership,  and  I  am  aware  of 
the  sum  of  courage  and  abnegation  required 
to  conduct  your  heavy  duties  successfully." 

Mr.  Tremblay  stressed  the  ever-more- 
extensive  training  of  today's  labour  leaders, 
who  must  keep  in  touch  with  complex 
labour  laws  and  tackle  all  subjects  of  a 
socialogical  nature. 

The  Deputy  Minister  of  Labour  recalled 
that,  before  1939,  75  per  cent  of  the  strikes 
sought  union  recognition,  so  that  wage 
demands  were  often,  on  that  account,  put 
aside. 


79025—5 


1461 


Rev.   Fr.   Georges-Henri   Levesque,    OP 

The  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Social 
Science  at  Laval  University,  Rev.  Fr. 
Georges-Henri  Levesque,  OP,  urged  the 
delegates  "to  think  as  Catholics  in  the 
consciousness  of  your  duties  and  in  the 
dynamism  of  an  effort  directed  towards 
the  common  welfare. 

"It  is  in  the  same  measure  as  you  will 
increasingly  enlighten  your  minds," 
declared  Father  Levesque,  "that  you  will 
gain  in  power  and  influence." 

Just  back  from  a  trip  around  the  world, 
during  which  he  had  an  opportunity  to 
make  contacts  with  a  number  of  labour 
organizations  abroad,  Rev.  Father  Levesque 
stated  that  he  was  able  to  note  the 
influence  enjoyed  by  the  CCCL  on  the 
international  level. 

"In  all  instances,"  he  said,  "I  felt  pride 
in  the  Christian  labour  union  organization 
we  have  in  Canada." 

A  few  hours  earlier,  the  delegates  met 
the  civic  authorities  of  the  City  of  Quebec 
represented  by  Acting  Mayor  Joseph  Con- 
seiller,  who  is  a  unionist  himself  and  an 
officer  of  the  Central  Council  of  the 
Catholic  Syndicates  of  Quebec. 

The  delegates  then  proceeded  to  the 
extra-mural  chapel  of  the  Quebec  Seminary 
to  hear  mass  celebrated  for  their  inten- 
tion by  Mgr.  Garant. 

Rev.   Father   Philippe   Bergeron 

In  a  sermon  for  the  occasion,  Rev. 
Philippe  Bergeron,  Chaplain  of  the  Catholic 
Syndicates  of  Chicoutimi  Diocese,  placed 
trade  unionism  at  the  head  of  the  list  of 
the  works  of  mercy,  and  those  who  give 
it  their  time  and  efforts  among  the  bene- 
factors of  humanity. 

"In  seeking  to  secure  wages  that  guar- 
antee the  workers  an  honest  living  and  a 
certain  amount  of  economic  and  social 
security,"  he  said,  "trade  unionism  frees 
the  mind  and  the  heart  from  the  anxiety 
for  daily  bread  and  from  the  hardships 
which  are  often  a  cause  of  vice,  not  to 
mention  the  ignorance  that  is  too  often 
the  lot  of  the  needy  classes  and  which 
constitutes  a  moral  as  well  as  a  social  evil. 

"That  is  why  trade  unionism  could  be 
classed  today  at  the  head  of  the  works  of 
mercy",  he  explained. 

"For  it  constitutes  one  of  the  most 
effective  forms  of  charity  and  mercy,  the 
one  best  suited  to  modern  times  and  to 
the  present  needs  of  the  workers.  It  is 
not  only,  like  the  giving  of  alms,  a  work 
that  brings  relief  but  often  causes  humilia- 
tion; it  is  a  work  that  heals  and  uplifts. 
For  in  claiming  for  the  worker  in  the  name 


of  right  and  justice,  that  which  a  patroniz- 
ing State,  although  well-disposed,  persists 
in  granting  him  only  in  part,  and  in  the 
name  of  charity,  the  worker  is  given  a 
feeling  of  dignity,  often  dulled  by  alms, 
and  a  guarantee  of  liberty. 

"Consequently,  those  who  give  their  time 
and  efforts  to  unionism  should  be  consid- 
ered great  benefactors  of  humanity,  and 
particularly  of  the  working  class,  which  is 
exposed  to  many  dangers  because  of  its 
weak  economic  situation. 

Canon  Henri  Pichette 

Rev.  Canon  Henri  Pichette,  General 
Chaplain  of  the  CCCL,  addressing  the  dele- 
gates on  the  fourth  day  of  the  convention, 
offered  the  members  the  moral  support  of 
the  Catholic  Church  and  warned:  "If  you 
should  err,  the  Church  will  let  you  know". 

But  he  added  quickly:  "I  don't  think 
that  it  had  to  let  you  know  this  year". 

Canon  Pichette  used  these  comforting 
words  after  making  a  brief  review  of  the 
activities  of  the  year  during  which  he 
noted  an  increase  in  difficulties,  a  tighten- 
ing of  the  economy,  a  more  severe  attitude 
on  the  part  of  emplojTers  and  deficiencies 
on  the  part  of  legislators. 

Canon  Pichette  told  the  delegates  that 
they  constituted  "the  most  concrete 
example  of  a  group  of  Catholics  willing 
to  accept  their  social  responsibilities". 

He  warned  the  CCCL  against  "would-be 
theologians"  who,  although  they  mean  well, 
do  not  understand  the  conditions  of  union 
action. 

Encouraging  the  delegates  to  action,  he 
noted:  "You  will  be  judged  less  by  the 
number  of  pontifical  texts  you  have  brought 
forth  than  by  the  positive  steps  you  have 
taken.  You  must  act.  You  will  be  judged 
not  so  much  by  the  number  of  times  you 
have  used  the  word  corporate  than  by  the 
efforts  you  have  made  to  set  up  a  social 
order  that  will  take  social  justice  and 
charity  into  account  and  be  inspired  by  a 
truly  worthy  social  doctrine  as  though  by 
an  ideal". 

Arthur   Bertinchamps 

Mr.  Arthur  Bertinchamps,  President  of 
the  Metal  Workers  Federation  of  Belgium 
and  of  the  International  Christian  Federa- 
tion of  Metal  Workers,  brought  the 
fraternal  greetings  of  the  Christian  trade 
unionists  of  Belgium  to  the  CCCL. 

His  first  words  expressed  sincere  grati- 
tude to  the  Canadian  troops  who,  twice 
in  the  space  of  25  years,  have  liberated 
his  country. 


1462 


A  jovial  interlude  at  the  CCCL  annual  convention.  Gerard  Pelletier,  Editor  of  he 
Travail  (left),  and  Arthur  Bertinehamps,  President  of  the  International  Christian 
Federation  of  Metal  Workers,  who  brought  fraternal  greetings  from  Belgian  trade 
unionists,  enjoy  the  comments  of  Maurice  Vassart  (right),  organizer  for  the  Sha- 
winigan  Falls  Central  Council,  who  is  a  naturalized  Canadian  from  Belgium  who,  in 
his  native  country,  was  engaged  in   trade  union  activities  under   Mr.   Bertinehamps. 


"I  can  tell  you,"  he  added,  "that  the 
graves  of  your  people  who  fell  in  Belgium 
are   treated   with   the   deepest   respect." 

Mr.  Bertinehamps,  who  is  just  complet- 
ing a  two-month  visit  to  Canada  and  the 
United  States,  declared  that  it  is  "in  the 
Christian  unions  of  Belgium  and  in  the 
CCCL  in  Canada  that  one  finds  the 
greatest  regard  for  the  dignity  of  human 
nature. 

"It  is  our  desire  that  the  worker  be  the 
first  and  best  served,"  he  said.  "Man  and 
capital  are  both  essential  to  wealth  but, 
between  the  two,  men  is  our  first  choice. 
Our  ultimate  objective  is  to  make  capital 
the  servant  of  labour." 

General  President's  Report 

Stating  that  the  members  of  the  CCCL 
are  concerned  about  matters  which  go  far 
beyond  the  limits  of  their  normal  activi- 
ties, Gerard  Picard  devoted  a  good  part 
of  his  annual  report  to  the  convention  to 
a  careful  study  of  trade  problems  in  order 
to  "show  by  what  thread  our  economic 
security  sometimes  hangs". 

He  also  tackled  the  problem  of  federal- 
provincial  relations,  analysed  the  state  of 
public  health  in  Canada  and  presented  a 
well-documented  study  recommending  the 
setting  up  of  labour  courts. 


Beginning  by  drawing  the  attention  of 
the  delegates  to  the  spectre  of  unemploy- 
ment, which  "made  its  appearance  imme- 
diately following  the  cessation  of  hostilities 
in  Korea",  Mr.  Picard  stated  that  inter- 
national instability,  by  keeping  military 
expenditures  at  its  peak,  creates  artificial 
prosperity. 

"Seriously  conflicting  interests  between 
nations  are  appearing,"  he  said,  "and  the 
conferences  held  so  far  with  a  view  to 
ensuring  the  rational  expansion  of  inter- 
national trade  do  not  seem  to  have  had 
much  result." 

While  noting  that  a  union  organization 
cannot,  obviously,  play  a  leading  part  in 
settling  problems  on  such  a  large  scale, 
Mr.  Picard  nevertheless  specified  that  it 
should  lay  these  matters  before  its 
members. 

The  General  President  of  the  CCCL 
repeated  the  "cry  of  distress"  now  being 
sent  out  from  all  directions  to  the  United 
States:  Trade,  not  aid. 

He  quoted  with  approval  a  number  of 
passages  from  the  talk  given  last  May  by 
the  Prime  Minister  of  Canada  at  Wash- 
ington, in  which  Mr.  St.  Laurent  called 
on  the  United  States  to  take  the  initiative 
in  freeing  trade. 


79025— 5* 


1463 


Mr.  Picard  took  to  task  "the  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  Canadian  workers  who, 
through  their  affiliation  with  American 
unions,  in  addition  to  being  a  serious 
obstacle  to  our  more  rapid  evolution 
towards  national  sovereignty,  are,  as  mem- 
bers and  by  their  financial  contributions, 
participating,  often  without  realizing  it,  in 
the  drawing  up  or  the  maintenance  of  a 
commercial  policy  contrary  to  the  interests 
of  Canada  and  unfavourable  to  a  good 
many  free  countries  who  have  had  enough 
of  their  declarations  of  good  intentions." 

Dealing  with  the  field  of  federal- 
provincial  relations,  at  present  the  subject 
of  an  extensive  investigation  by  the 
Tremblay  Commission,  the  General  Presi- 
dent noted,  in  the  first  place,  that  the 
CCCL  is  a  union  organization  of  workers, 
and  not  a  constitutional  or  a  fiscal 
authority. 

He  stated  that  the  CCCL,  as  a  general 
principle,  has  always  favoured  "respect  for 
the  Canadian  constitution  and  established 
jurisdiction  in  so  far  as  they  do  not  stand 
in  the  way  of  economic  and  social 
progress". 

Mr.  Picard  added,  however,  that  the 
workers  are  calling  for  solutions  to 
problems  of  vital  importance,  such  as  full 
employment,  housing,  and  the  adoption  or 
extension  of  certain  social  security 
measures,  and  that  the  CCCL  is  most 
anxious  to  see  something  accomplished  in 
this  respect. 

He  urged  an  early  solution  to  the  housing 
problem  and  the  establishment  of  a  suit- 
able health  insurance  scheme. 

After  a  rapid  survey  designed  to  bring 
out  what  is  happening  in  five  other  coun- 
tries in  the  field  of  arbitration,  the  General 
President  of  the  CCCL  concluded  that 
"the  arbitration  set-up  in  the  province  of 
Quebec  is  not,  as  a  general  rule,  satis- 
factory". 

He  then  suggested  the  setting  up  of 
labour  courts,  stating  that  a  "new  right 
is  being  worked  out,  the  right  to  work, 
and  our  accepted  judicial  structures  are 
cracking  because  they  persist  in  keeping 
it   within  the   limits   of   their  jurisdiction". 

Mr.  Picard  gave  the  following  details 
concerning  the  functioning  of  the  labour 
courts  he  advocates: — 

Proceedings  before  the  labour  courts 
should  be  simple,  prompt  and  inexpensive. 
This  is  not  an  "in  forma  pauperis"  pro- 
cedure. How  can  this  be  attained?  It  is 
evident  that  one  party  should  be  able  to 
have  the  other  summoned  before  a  labour 
court,  even  without  its  consent.  The  pre- 
senting of  evidence  should  be  supervised 
by  the  court  itself,  with  the  assistance  of 
the     parties     or     their     attorneys,     without 


needless  complications,  and  without  there 
being  any  question  of  plaintiffs  and 
defendants.  It  should  not  be  compulsory, 
for  one  party,  to  be  represented  by  counsel. 
Save  in  exceptional  cases,  and  at  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  court,  the  argumentation 
should  be  oral.  However,  the  petition  of 
one  party  should  be  presented  in  writing. 
Reasons  should  be  given  for  the  more 
important  decisions  and  these  decisions 
should  be  published  so  that  all  those  who  are 
interested  may  know  how  matters  stand 
with  regard  to  established  jurisprudence. 
As  you  will  readily  understand,  all  strikes 
and  lockouts  connected  with  disputes  and 
litigation  coming  under  the  jurisdiction  of 
the   labour   courts   should   be   prohibited. 

The  General  President's  report,  which 
has  been  called  a  "moral  report",  met 
with  the  approval  of  the  general  meeting 
in  every  respect,  except  with  regard  to 
private  arbitration,  and  this  was  for 
reasons  of  economy. 

Mr.  Picard  suggested  that  the  syndicates 
forgo  public  arbitration,  the  cost  of  which 
is  met  by  the  provincial  Government  in 
Quebec,  and  stick  to  private  arbitration, 
where  expenses  are  paid  by  the  parties 
concerned. 

"The  few  dollars  which  might  be  saved 
by  public  arbitration,"  the  General  Presi- 
dent explained,  "are  paid  for  at  the  cost 
of  freedom." 

This  suggestion  was  defeated  by  the  con- 
vention when  a  number  of  delegates 
pointed  out  that  it  was  impossible  for  the 
small  syndicates  to  meet  the  cost  of 
private  arbitration.  It  was  agreed,  how- 
ever, to  have  recourse  to  private  arbitra- 
tion whenever  financially  possible,  and 
when  some  doubt  is  entertained  as  to  the 
impartiality  of  the  public  arbitration 
president. 

General  Secretary's  Report 

Jean  Marchand,  General  Secretary  of  the 
CCCL,  in  his  report  attacked  the  Quebec 
Labour  Relations  Board,  calling  its  deci- 
sions "unjust,  arbitrary  and  sometimes 
simply  fantastic"  and  accusing  it  of 
threatening  "the  very  life  of  our  move- 
ment". 

"It  is  evident,"  he  said  in  his  Con- 
federal Bureau  report,  "that  the  Board  is 
particularly  unfavourable  to  our  organiza- 
tions, refusing  their  requests  on  any 
pretext  whatever." 

Mr.  Marchand  accused  the  Quebec 
Labour  Relations  Board  of  continuing  to 
play  a  part  which  the  CCCL  has 
denounced  many  times  in  the  past. 

The  General  Secretary  mentioned, 
amongst  other  grievances,  the  case  of  the 
Aluminium  Rolling  Mills,  Cap-de-la- 
Madeleine,  regarding  which  the  Board,  in 


1464 


the  matter  of  an  application  for  certifica- 
tion, "seems  to  have  concluded"  that  there 
had  been  "religious  intimidation"  on  the 
part  of  the  parish  priest  of  that  locality 
because  the  latter  had  delivered  a  number 
of  sermons  on  labour  questions  with  regard 
to  the  social  doctrine  of  the  Church. 

The  CCCL's  request  for  a  secret  vote 
was  refused. 

Mr.  Marchand  explained  in  his  report: — 

This  decision,  as  is  apparent,  is  extremely 
dangerous  for  us.  It  implies  that  each  time 
a  priest  or  a  member  of  the  Catholic 
hierarchy  asks  the  workers  to  join  one  of 
our  syndicates,  the  latter  will  eventually 
see  even  its  right  to  certification  challenged. 

The  Director  of  the  CCCL  Organization 
Service,  Rene  Harmegnies,  added:  "The 
Board  would  seem  to  have  been  commis- 
sioned to  prevent  the  expansion  of  the 
movement.  Well-conducted  organization 
campaigns  have  failed  because  of  an 
arbitrary  and  unfair  decision  on  the  part 
of  the  Board." 

In  line  with  these  statements,  the  con- 
vention adopted  a  resolution  to  the  effect 
that  when  its  annual  memorandum  is  sub- 
mitted to  the  provincial  Cabinet,  the  only 
request  it  will  contain  with  regard  to  the 
Labour  Relations  Act  will  be  a  request 
for  the  reform  of  the  Labour  Relations 
Board. 

Mr.  Marchand  also  revealed  that  the 
provincial  Government  "had  acquired  the 
habit,  not  only  of  interfering  with  the 
management  of  joint  committees,  but  also 
of  paralysing,  for  the  most  fanciful  reasons, 
the  machinery  of  the  Collective  Agreement 
Act".  He  deplored  the  fact  that  a  number 
of  decrees  had  been  held  up  during  the 
year  with  the  parties  concerned  not 
knowing  why. 

Commenting  on  the  federal  measure  on 
fair  employment  practices,  which  came 
into  force  on  July  1,  1953,  the  General 
Secretary  explained  that  CCCL  syndicates 
which  do  not  grant  equal  status  to  all 
their  members  by  reason  of  race,  colour 
or  religion,  and  which  come  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Act,  will  have  to  amend 
their  constitution  in  order  to  do  away 
with  all  discrimination. 

Mr.  Marchand  recalled  that  the  CCCL 
had  made  certain  representations  to  the 
federal  Government  in  connection  with 
this  new  legislative  measure,  and  that,  as 
a  result  of  this  action,  "no  presumption 
of  discrimination  within  the  meaning  of 
the  Act  would  be  made  from  the  use  of 
the  word  'Catholic'  in  the  name  of  the 
syndicate". 

The  convention  then  gave  instructions 
to    the    General    Secretary    to    forward    a 


letter  to  all  CCCL  syndicates  advising 
them  on  what  they  •  must  do  in  order  to 
comply  with  the  provisions  of  the  Fair 
Employment  Practices  Act. 

In  his  report,  the  General  Secretary  also 
revealed  that  a  new  central  labour  organ- 
ization in  South  America  had  quite 
recently  asked  the  CCCL  to  join  its  ranks. 
This  organization  is  ATLAS  (Agrupacion 
de  trabajadores  Latinoamericanos  sindi- 
calistas) . 

"We  are  at  present  inquiring  into  the 
constitution,  organization  and  policies  of 
ATLAS,"  stated  Mr.  Marchand  in  his 
report. 

'But  certain  newspapers  have  given  the 
impression  that  the  CCCL  was  thinking  of 
joining  this  South  American  labour  organ- 
ization, and  the  General  Secretary,  with 
the  support  of  the  General  President, 
explained  that  matters  had  not  reached 
that  point. 

"We  are  not  thinking  of  joining 
ATLAS,"  stated  Mr.  Picard.  "It  would 
be  better  for  us  to  get  some  information 
from  our  central  organization,  the  Inter- 
national Confederation  of  Christian 
Syndicates." 

Mr.  Marchand  was  equally  opposed  to 
a  statement  of  sympathy.  "We  must,  first 
of  all,  get  some  information,"  he  said, 
"after  which  we  shall  take  action." 

The   Education   Service 

The  report  of  the  Confederal  Bureau 
also  included  short  but  precise  summaries 
of  the  activities  of  the  various  CCCL 
services  and  committees,  including  the 
Education  Service,  the  Organization  Ser- 
vice, the  Press  Service  and  the  Committees 
on  Political  Orientation  and  Strategy. 

The  Director  of  the  Education  Service 
of  the  CCCL,  Fernand  Jolicoeur,  specified 
that  "labour  promotion  cannot  be  com- 
plete or  our  union  organization  efforts 
totally  justified  unless  we  also  give  a  fore- 
most place  to  the  vocational,  economic, 
social  and  cultural  training  of  our 
members". 

Analysing  the  main  difficulties  encoun- 
tered in  his  Service,  Mr.  Jolicoeur  said 
that  the  lack  of  responsible  persons  pre- 
pared to  assume  this  task  of  labour 
training,  the  lack  of  financial  resources,  the 
lack  of  quarters,  and,  finally,  the  difficulty 
in  obtaining  permission  to  be  away  from 
work,  are  the  four  main  reasons  that  have 
prevented  him  from  extending  his  labour 
education  movement. 

In  order  to  remedy  this,  he  suggested 
basic  union  training  courses,  which  could 
be  given  in  the  unions'  quarters,  together 


1465 


with  a  minimum  amount  deducted  from 
each  union  member's  dues,  the  acquisition 
of  property  to  become  a  centre  for  union 
training,  and,  with  regard  to  collective 
agreements,  the  introduction  of  a  clause 
providing  that  the  workers  appointed  by 
their  union  be  given  freedom  to  follow 
study  sessions. 

Mr.  Jolicoeur  also  proposed  the  grant- 
ing of  a  $1,500  scholarship  to  leaders  to 
enable  them  to  take  "a  refresher  course 
from  the  intellectual  point  of  view". 

All  the  recommendations  made  by  the 
Director  of  the  Education  Service  were 
accepted  by  the  convention. 

Young   "Workers 

The  Young  Workers  Committee,  created 
last  year,  has  been  given  a  new  mandate 
by  the  convention  for  the  pursuit  of  its 
research  and  educational  work. 

As  described  by  the  meeting,  this 
Committee's  main  activity  is  to  inform 
young  workers  about  the  advantages  of 
trade-unionism,  to  direct  them  on  the  road 
for  which  they  show  the  greatest  natural 
disposition,  to  teach  them  to  love  their 
work  and  to  acquire  a  professional  con- 
science and,  finally,  to  give  them  a  sense 
of  economy. 

With  this  in  view,  the  Committee  plans 
to  establish  steady  contacts  with  young 
people  in  co-operation  with  the  Catholic 
Action  groups.  The  Committee  also  in- 
tends to  organize  the  recruiting  of  appren- 
tices and  to  organize  courses  and  forums 
for  those  leaving  school. 

Political   Orientation   Committee 

The  detailed  report  of  the  Political 
Orientation  Committee  was  accepted  with- 
out change  by  the  delegates. 

While  the  question  of  political  action 
was  the  subject  of  a  long  and  interesting 
discussion  at  the  1952  convention,  the 
delegates  this  year  merely  expressed 
approval  of  action  taken  during  the  year. 

This  does  not  imply  that  the  CCCL 
has  lost  interest  in  political  action  but 
rather  that  the  orientation  given  to  this 
problem  corresponds  to  the  wishes  of  the 
members  and  that  they  intend  to  pursue 
the  same  policy. 

Andre  Roy,  Secretary  of  the  Political 
Orientation  Committee,  emphasized  in  his 
report  the  importance  of  work  of  an 
educational  nature  with  a  view  to  giving 
political  action  its  maximum  effectiveness. 
Among  the  concrete  political  problems 
which  interest  the  members  of  the  CCCL, 
Mr.  Roy  called  attention  to  the  constitu- 
tional   question    in    Canada,    the    develop- 


ment of  our  natural  resources,  Canadian 
trade  and  the  housing  situation. 

On  the  occasion  of  the  federal  elections 
last  August,  the  committee  prepared  a 
pamphlet  on  the  principal  claims  of  the 
CCCL;  this  pamphlet  constituted  a  basis 
for  the  action  taken  by  the  CCCL  in  the 
federal  elections. 

Mr.  Roy  denounced  the  lack  of  interest 
in  politics  shown  by  the  different  social 
classes  and  stated  that  this  "opens  the 
door  to  many  dangers  for  our  democratic 
system". 

"The  experience  of  the  last  elections," 
the  report  concluded,  "shows  how  much 
ground  remains  to  be  covered  if  we  are  to 
give  back  to  politics  the  exalted  position 
it  should  hold  among  the  people.  A  great 
deal  of  work  is  called  for.  The  next  two 
years,  during  which  there  is  no  electoral 
struggle  to  view,  offer  an  exceptional 
opportunity  for  the  labour  movement  to 
carry  out  that  important  task  which  should 
take  concrete  form  in  a  campaign  for 
training  in  a  political  sense  and  in  the 
setting  up,  on  a  local  scale,  of  a  larger 
number  of  political  orientation  sub- 
committees." 

The   Organization   Service 

The  Director  of  the  Organization  Service 
emphasized  the  fact  that  it  is  no  longer 
as  easy  to  organize  a  new  union  as  it  was 
during  the  war  or  in  the  immediate  post- 
war period. 

"Our  unions  no  longer  enjoy  the  support 
which  they  received  from  other  circles  a 
few  years  ago,"  stated  Rene  Harmegnies. 
"That  support,  in  many  cases,  has  changed 
to  open  animosity." 

Professional  Defence 

The  delegates  to  the  annual  CCCL 
convention  devoted  a  major  part  of  their 
discussions  to  bettering  their  professional 
defence  by  increasing  their  monthly  con- 
tribution to  that  fund  from  10  cents  to 
25  cents  per  member,  by  adopting  a 
definite  regulation  for  the  administration 
of  this  money  and  by  creating  a  three- 
member  committee  to  administer  the  fund. 

The  delegates  thus  put  into  concrete 
form  their  unanimous  statement  to  the 
effect  that  the  CCCL  "shall  never  deprive 
its  members  from  exercising  the  right  to 
strike"  but  intends,  on  the  contrary,  to  go 
on  with  its  representations  to  the  very  end. 

The  increase  in  the  CCCL  assessment 
for  professional  defence  will  not,  however, 
come  into   effect  until  September   1,   1954. 

This  fund,  which  is  maintained  through 
a  monthlv   contribution  by   each   member, 


1466 


was  created  at  the  1951  convention.  A 
special  contribution  of  three  dollars  per 
member  was  authorized  at  the  convention 
in  Shawinigan  Falls  last  year.  The  CCCL, 
in  bringing  the  monthly  assessment  up  to 
25  cents  per  member,  has  created  an 
annual  fund  of  $300,000. 

The  regulation  adopted  at  the  conven- 
tion stated  that  the  main  purpose  of  the 
CCCL's  Professional  Defence  Committee 
is  to  help  those  workers  and  union  organ- 
izations which  are  faced  with  difficulties 
arising  from  a  strike  or  lockout. 

It  may  also  give  assistance  to  labour 
unions  which  are  up  against  exceptional 
professional  difficulties  of  general  interest. 

A  three-member  committee  elected  by 
the  convention  will  administer  the  fund. 

Communism 

The  convention  reaffirmed  its  opposition 
to  communism  but  rejected  a  resolution 
submitted  by  the  Textile  Federation  and 
supported  by  the  Resolutions  Committee 
that  the  Communist  Party  "be  declared 
illegal  and  unconstitutional  in  Canada". 

Instead,  the  delegates  approved  an 
amending  resolution  proposed  by  Maurice 
Vassart,  business  agent  for  the  Shawinigan 
Falls  Central  Council,  expressing  the 
CCCL's  opposition  "to  materialist  doctrines 
or  theories,  be  they  Marxist  or  capitalist". 

The  resolution  reiterated  the  CCCL's 
determination  to  work  for  the  establish- 
ment of  a  social  order  based  on  the  social 
doctrine  of  the  Church  and  stated  again 
that  "the  best  means  of  defeating  com- 
munism is  by  scoring  suffering  wherever 
it  may  be  found". 

Mr.  Vassart  had  the  support  of  the 
General  Secretary,  Mr.  Marchand,  who 
opposed  the  resolution  because,  he  said, 
"it  is  impossible  to  fight  communism 
through  legislation." 

Mr.  Marchand  even  went  so  far  as  to 
say  that  such  legislation  could  be  applied 
against  the  CCCL,  "which  it  pleases  some 
quarters  to  accuse  of  being  communist". 

Strikes 

The  CCCL,  which  has  carried  on  long 
and  costly  strikes  during  the  past  year, 
seriously  warned  those  concerned  that  it 
will  never  be  "an  accomplice  in  exploiting 
the  workers"  and  that  it  intends  to  con- 
tinue its  activities  at  any  price. 

A  resolution  to  that  effect,  which  was 
unanimously  adopted,  stated  that  the 
CCCL,  far  from  thinking  of  depriving  its 
members  of  the  right  to  strike,  intends, 
on  the  contrary,  to  support  all  the  repre- 
sentations of  its  affiliated  unions. 


For  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the 
labour  movement  in  Canada,  a  woman 
presided  over  the  sittings  of  a  national 
labour  organization's  annual  convention 
when  Miss  Yolande  Valois  of  Sorel,  7th 
Vice-president  of  the  Canadian  and 
Catholic  Confederation  of  Labour,  took 
over  the  chair  at  that  organization's 
annual  convention  in  Quebec,  on  Wed- 
nesday, September  16. 

Miss  Valois,  who  last  year  became  the 
first  woman  to  fill  the  post  of  vice- 
president  of  a  national  labour  organiza- 
tion in  Canada,  took  over  from  General 
President  Picard  while  the  delegates 
applauded. 


This  resolution,  submitted  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Montreal  Journalists'  Syndicate, 
Roger  Mathieu,  read  as  follows: — 

Whereas  some  quarters  have  attacked  and 
are  still  attacking  the  Canadian  and 
Catholic  Confederation  of  Labour  by  mali- 
ciously stating  that  it  foments  and  launches 
strikes  without  good  reasons; 

Whereas  the  CCCL  has  a  perfectly  clear 
conscience  in  so  far  as  the  strikes  it  has 
approved  and  supported  are  concerned; 

Whereas  the  CCCL  has,  rather,  failed  in 
not  calling  all  the  strikes  which  a  sound 
Christian  labour  movement,  whose  duty  lies 
in  defending  the  interests  of  labour  and  not 
the  failings  of  capitalism  or  the  shortcom- 
ings of  society,  is  duty-bound  to  call; 

Be  it  resolved,  that  this  convention 
publicly  declare  that  the  Canadian  and 
Catholic      Confederation     of     Labour     shall 


1467 


never  deprive  its  members  of  exercising  the 
right  to  strike  but  shall,  on  the  contrary, 
support  them  against  all  who  rob  and 
exploit  them  and  want  to  prevent  them  from 
partaking  of  their  share  of  justice. 

Be  it  resolved,  further,  that  this  declara- 
tion be  in  the  nature  of  a  serious  warning 
to  employers,  legislators  and  others,  that 
they  shall  never  succeed  in  making  the 
CCCL  an  accomplice  in  exploiting  labour. 

Redraft  of  Constitution 

The  convention  appointed  a  five-member 
committee  to  redraft  the  CCCL  constitu- 
tion, which  has  been  termed  "obsolete" 
and  unsatisfactory  for  the  "needs  of  the 
movement". 

The  draft  constitution,  as  prepared  by 
the  committee,  will  be  submitted  to  all 
affiliated  bodies  at  least  six  months  prior 
to  the  next  annual  convention.  The 
committee  for  redrafting  the  constitution 
will  then  make  another  review  of  the  pro- 
posed constitution  before  submitting  it  to 
the  convention. 

The  delegates  considered  the  redrafting 
of  the  constitution  a  matter  of  great 
importance  and  stipulated  that,  as  far  as 
possible,  it  should  be  studied  on  the  second 
day  of  the  convention  and  that  the  matter 
should  be  settled  before  passing  on  to  any 
other  item  on  the  agenda. 

This  resolution  was  put  forward  by  the 
Central  Council  of  Shawinigan  Falls,  which 
pointed  out  that  "in  the  last  few  years 
the  question  of  redrafting  the  constitution 
has  been  brought  up  at  every  CCCL  con- 
vention, but  nothing  concrete  seems  to 
have  been  done  towards  that  end". 

Union  Publication 

The  convention  decided  that  the  official 
publication  of  the  CCCL,  Le  Travail,  shall 
be  sent  to  all  union  members  as  of  June  1, 
1954. 

This  decision  was  taken  in  order  to 
promote  the  education  of  members  in 
union  matters,  a  point  that  was  given 
great  emphasis  during  the  convention. 

The  General  Secretary  disclosed  that 
before  long  the  publication  will  carry  a 
full  page  in  the  English  language  for  the 
benefit  of  members  who  are  unable  to  read 
French. 

Membership 

For  the  first  time  since  its  institution  in 
1921,  the  CCCL  membership  has  passed 
the  100,000  mark.  According  to  the  report 
of  the  Confederal  Bureau,  the  CCCL 
membership  was  100,183*  on  May  31,  1953. 
This  represents  an  increase  of  7,143  mem- 
ber* during  the  3rear. 


During  the  same  period,  the  number  of 
syndicates  increased  from  423  to  442. 

A  new  federation  was  formed  during  the 
year,  that  of  Chemical  Products,  with  six 
locals  and  3,206  members.  Of  the  16  other 
federations,  12  increased  their  memberships, 
three  lost  a  few  members  and  one  remained 
unchanged. 

During  the  year,  the  Confederal  Bureau 
affiliated  38  new  syndicates  and  disaffiliated 
18  others. 

Unemployment  Insurance 

Ten  resolutions  were  studied  by  the 
Committee  on  Unemployment  Insurance. 

The  main  representations  that  the  con- 
vention will  submit  to  the  Unemployment 
Insurance  Commission  will  request: — 

That  Section  29-1F  of  the  Act  and 
Section  5-2-E  and  F  of  the  regulations 
governing  insurance  benefits  be  amended 
in  such  a  way  that  vacations  will  not 
prevent  employees  from  drawing  their 
benefits;  that  is,  vacations  with  pay  will 
not  be  considered  as  earnings  received 
following   dismissal  or  lay-off; 

That  Regulation  12  governing  benefits 
be  amended  so  that  the  qualifying  period 
for  seasonal  workers  be  reduced  by  50 
per  cent; 

That  the  Commission  indicate  the  date 
of  the  pay  period  on  benefit  cheques; 

That  Section  6-4  of  the  regulations 
governing  insurability  be  amended  so  that 
workers,  even  temporary  or  casual,  in  all 
classes  of  construction  work,  be  made  to 
come  under  the  Act. 

Housing 

The  question  of  housing  was  given 
careful  consideration  by  a  special  com- 
mittee during  the  convention.  This 
committee  made  a  number  of  suggestions 
for  the  guidance  of  the  delegates  in  their 
decisions. 

The  delegates  authorized  the  Housing 
Committee  to  meet  with  the  federal 
authorities  in  order  to  demand  the  appli- 
cation of  Section  9  of  the  National 
Housing  Act  concerning  limited  dividend 
corporations  and  Section  35  concerning 
federal  participation  in  construction  pro- 
jects without  provincial  assistance,  and  to 


*The  Forty-Second  Annual  Report  on 
Labour  Organization  in  Canada,  recently 
published  by  the  Federal  Department  of 
Labour,  lists  the  CCCL  as  having  a  member- 
ship of  104,486,  as  at  January  1,  1953.  This 
discrepancy  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the 
CCCL  does  not  include  a  worker  in  its 
membership  until  it  has  collected  his  per 
capita  tax  for  quite  a  long  period  of  time. 


1468 


The  CCCL  Executive  Committee  for  1953-54,  all  of  whom  returned  to  office  at 
this  year's  convention.  Front  row  (left  to  right):  Romeo  Ethier,  Treasurer;  Canon 
Henri  Pichette,  General  Chaplain;  Gerard  Picard,  General  President;  Jean  Marchand, 
General  Secretary;  Miss  Yolande  Valois,  7th  Vice-president.  Back  row  (left  to 
right):  Rene  Gosselin,  1st  Vice-president;  Horace  Laverdure,  2nd  Vice-president; 
Lucien  Dorion,  3rd  Vice-president;  Adrien  Plourde,  4th  Vice-president;  F.  X. 
Legare,  5th  Vice-president;  and  Rodolphe  Hamel,  6th  Vice-president. 


demand  that  the  granting  of  an  additional 
loan  of  i  of  the  basic  loan,  which  was 
abolished  following  the  declaration  of  war 
in  Korea,  be  brought  back  into  force. 

The  convention  also  asked  the  Housing 
Committee  to  submit  a  memorandum  to 
the  Government  of  the  province  of  Quebec 
asking  the  said  Government  to  co-operate 
with  the  federal  authorities  in  order  to 
give  effect  to  Section  35  of  the  National 
Housing  Act. 

Among  the  other  resolutions  concerning 
housing  adopted  by  the  convention  was 
one  requesting  that  the  National  Housing 
Act  be  amended  in  order  to  provide  that 
"the  maximum  term  of  the  loans  be  30 
years  and  that  the  Central  Mortgage  and 
Housing  Corporation  be  authorized  to  make 
loans  on  houses  built  or  being  built  pro- 
vided that  the  standards  set  by  the  Act 
were  met". 

List  of  Resolutions 

Exactly  one  hundred  resolutions  were  on 
the  list;  a  large  number  of  them  were 
referred  to  different  committees. 

The  main  demands  concerning  the  federal 
Government  were : — 


That  the  individual  exemption  from 
income  tax  be  $1,500  for  single  persons  and 
S3 ,000  for  married  ones; 

That  workers  be  allowed  to  deduct  for 
income  tax  purposes  their  transportation 
expenses  from  their  home  to  their  work- 
place and  the  cost  of  their  tools; 

That  the  International  Labour  office  be 
asked  to  convene  a  tripartite  conference 
of  the  graphic  arts  and  to  establish  a 
printing  trades  committee; 

That  Dominion  Day  be  called  "Canada 
Day"  and  that  this  day  be  a  paid  holiday; 

That  a  Royal  Enquiry  Commission  be 
instituted  to  study  the  problems  of  the 
textile  industry  in  Canada. 

With  regard  to  provincial  legislation,  the 
main  requests  made  for  the  first  time  by 
the  convention  asked: — 

That  all  formulas  for  union  security  be 
allowed  in  collective  agreements; 

That  the  tax  on  fuel  oil  be  abolished 
immediately; 

That  the  cutting  and  sawing  of  wood  be 
done  in  the  fall  and  winter  instead  of  in 
the  summer; 

That  Bill  34  be  abolished  and  that  the 
Elections    Act    be    amended    in    order    to 


1469 


provide  for  the  limitation  of  election 
expenses ; 

That  grants  be  made  to  hospitals; 

That  the  charges  still  pending  against 
some  150  asbestos  strikers  be  settled  as 
soon  as  possible. 

Election  of  Officers 

All  members  of  the  Executive  Committee 
of  the  CCCL  were  re-elected  at  the  close 
of  the  six-day  convention. 

The  General  President,  five  vice-presi- 
dents and  the  General  Secretary  were 
re-elected  unanimously,  while  only  two 
out-going  vice-presidents  and  the  Treasurer 
faced  opposition. 

The  delegates  thus  gave  a  sharp  denial 
to  rumours  to  the  effect  that  there  was 
dissension  within  the  CCCL,  that  the  rank 
and  file  did  not  work  with  their  officers 
and  that  a  strong  opposition  group  was 
being  organized  within  the  movement. 

The  CCCL  Executive  Committee  for  the 
year  1953-54  is  as  follows:  General  Presi- 
dent, Gerard  Picard,  Montreal;  1st  Vice- 
president,  Rene  Gosselin,  Granby;  2nd 
Vice-president,  Horace  Laverdure,  Mont- 
real; 3rd  Vice-president,  Lucien  Dorion, 
Quebec ;  4th  Vice-president,  Adrien  Plourde, 
Arvida;  5th  Vice-president,  F.  X.  Legare, 
Rimouski;  6th  Vice-president,  Rodolphe 
Hamel,  Asbestos;  7th  Vice-president,  Miss 
Yolande  Valois,  Sorel;  General  Secretary, 
Jean  Marchand,  Quebec;  Treasurer,  Romeo 
Ethier,  Montreal.  Rev.  Canon  Henri 
Pichette  is  General  Chaplain. 

Mr.  Dorion  defeated  Louis-Philippe 
Boily,  Jonquiere,  for  the  office  of  3rd 
Vice-president,  and  Mr.  Legare  defeated 
Fernand    Lavergne,    Shawinigan    Falls,    for 


that  of  5th  Vice-president.  Henri  Belanger, 
Quebec,  was  defeated  by  Mr.  Ethier  for 
the  office  of  Treasurer. 

The  convention  elected  the  following  to 
the  Committee  on  Professional  Defence  for 
the  coming  year:  President,  J.  Emile 
Hebert,  Shawinigan  Falls;  Vice-president, 
Yvan  Legault,  Montreal;  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  Adelard  Mainguy,  Quebec. 

Through  its  President,  Roger  Mathieu, 
the  Montreal  Journalists'  Syndicate  pro- 
tested against  a  charge  made  by  the 
President  of  the  Federation  of  Municipal 
and  School  Corporations  to  the  effect  that 
the  reports  on  the  annual  convention 
published  in  the  newspapers  "were  con- 
trolled to  the  point  of  censorship"  by  the 
CCCL  Executive. 

Mr.  Mathieu,  himself  a  newspaperman 
from  La  Presse,  Montreal,  and  a  delegate 
at  the  convention,  denounced  the  charge 
as  a  "slur"  on  the  honesty  of  both  news- 
papermen and  the  officers  of  the  CCCL. 

He  solemnly  declared  that  no  one  had 
attempted  to  dictate  his  reports  to  him 
and  said  that  he  was  sure  the  same  applied 
to  his  colleagues.  Most  of  the  newspaper- 
men present  at  the  convention,  though 
they  may  not  have  been  there  as  delegates, 
were  nevertheless  members  of  the  CCCL. 

The  General  President,  Gerard  Picard, 
himself  a  member  of  the  Montreal 
Journalists'  Syndicate,  called  the  statement 
"particularly  malicious"  and  stressed  that 
neither  he  nor  any  member  of  the  Execu- 
tive had  ever  tried  to  interfere  with  the 
newspapermen. 

The  delegates  re-affirmed  their  confidence 
in  the  newspapermen,  only  four  voting  in 
opposition  to  Mr.  Mathieu's  charge. 


Britain's   WEA  Celebrates    50th   Anniversary 


The  Workers'  Educational  Association,  a 
non-sectarian,  non-political  body  formed  in 
1903  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  a  system 
of  adult  education  for  Britain's  workers, 
has  just  celebrated  its  50th  anniversary. 

Starting  out  with  the  co-operation  of  only 
12  societies,  today  the  WEA  has  the  active 
support  of  2,800  affiliated  bodies. 

This  year,  in  its  more  than  6,000  classes, 
more  than  100,000  men  and  women  are 
enrolled.  Instruction  covers  economics, 
social  history,  industrial  psychology,  liter- 
ature, music  and  the  arts,  business  and 
commercial  subjects,  and  the  principles  and 
practices  of  modern  trade  unionism. 

Continuity  of  its  educational  services  is 
emphasized     by     the     WEA.       From     its 


earliest  days  the  Association  has  recog- 
nized the  value  of  pioneer  courses,  both 
short  and  elementary,  to  stimulate  and 
encourage  people  to  take  on  the  more 
exacting  obligation  of  the  three-year 
tutorial  class.  Last  year  the  Association 
achieved  a  record  in  the  number  of 
tutorial  classes  operating  at  one  time,  with 
nearly  1,000  classes  and  well  over  12.000 
students. 

Alongside  with  these  long-period  tutorial 
classes  were  some  1,450  sessional  classes, 
lasting  12  or  24  weeks  or  even  longer,  with 
a  student  enrolment  of  24,000.  Thus,  at 
any  one  time  of  the  year  a  total  of  36.000 
working  men  and  women  were  engaged  in 
systematized  studv  under  the  direction  of 
the  WEA. 


1470 


international 
Labour  Organization 


I..':.  >».-:X->..-. ^, 


ILO  Committee  Defines  Functions 

of  National  Labour  Department 

Protection  of   workers,    promotion  of  industrial    relations    and    condi- 
tions of  employment,  manpower  policies   and   social   security  included 


The  functions  of  a  labour  department 
include  protection  of  workers,  promotion 
of  industrial  relations  and  conditions  of 
employment,  manpower  policies  and  social 
security,  according  to  the  report  of  a 
special  committee  of  the  International 
Labour  Organization. 

The  committee,  established  at  the  Inter- 
national Labour  Conference  in  June  this 
year,  has  published  its  findings  after  a 
study  of  the  organization  and  workings  of 
national  labour  departments. 

It  is  the  first  time  that  a  subject  of 
general  interest  in  the  labour  field  has  been 
considered  by  a  committee  of  the  confer- 
ence without  a  convention  or  a  recom- 
mendation being  proposed.  The  report  of 
the  75-member  committee  is  intended  as  a 
source  of  information  and  a  guide  to 
member  countries  in  setting  up  or  develop- 
ing a  national  labour  department. 

Protection  of  workers,  states  the  report, 
may  include  industrial  safety,  hygiene  and 
occupational  health,  prevention  of  and 
compensation  for  industrial  injuries  and 
occupational  diseases,  improvement  of  con- 
ditions and  the  protection  of  health  in 
workplaces,  industrial  welfare,  adaption  of 
workers  to  jobs,  and  studies  relating  to 
such  subjects  as  workers'  fatigue. 

Under  this  heading  also  fall  the  protec- 
tion of  children,  young  persons  and  women. 
For  the  former,  vocational  guidance  and 
training,  age  of  admission  to  employment, 
fitness  for  employment  and  control  of  con- 
ditions of  work  are  matters  of  importance. 
For  the  latter,  important  matters  are  con- 
ditions of  work  and  maternity  protection. 

In  the  field  of  industrial  relations,  the 
duties  of  a  national  labour  department 
may  include  promoting  collective  bargain- 
ing, assisting  in  all  matters  pertaining  to 
conciliation  and  arbitration  and  dealing 
with  other  aspects  of  wage  fixing,  in  accord- 
ance with  national  laws  and  regulations. 

Functions  in  this  field  may  also  cover 
such  matters  as  minimum  wages,  hours  of 


work  and  rest  periods,  overtime  and  holi- 
days with  pay.  In  some  countries  this 
field  also  covers  the  preparation  of  a  labour 
code. 

Functions  in  the  manpower  field  may 
include  employment  services,  occupational 
guidance  and  job  counselling,  apprentice- 
ship, vocational  training  and  retraining, 
and  rehabilitation  of  workers. 

There  may  also  be  action  taken  relating 
to  the  location  of  industry,  the  migration 
of  workers  and  the  mobility  of  workers. 

The  objective  in  all  phases  of  manpower 
policy  is  to  achieve  and  maintain  full 
productive  employment,  occupying  workers 
to  the  fullest  measure  of  their  skill  and 
attainments  and  providing  industry  with 
the  qualified  workers  it  needs. 

Under  social  security  are  included 
invalidity,  sickness,  compensation  for  acci- 
dents and  occupational  diseases,  old-age 
and  survivors'  insurance,  maternity  insur- 
ance, unemployment  insurance,  family 
allowances  and  social  welfare  schemes. 

In  addition  to  these  special  functions, 
there  are  other  matters  which  are  often 
handled  by  the  labour  department  where 
no  other  department  exists  for  that  pur- 
pose. These  matters  are  immigration, 
co-operatives,  housing  for  workers,  working 
and  living  conditions  in  agriculture, 
administration  of  the  non-military  aspects 
of  national  military  service,  and  special 
educational  and  recreational  facilities. 

Canadian  members  of  the  committee 
were  G.  V.  Haythorne,  Director  of  the 
Economics  and  Research  Branch  of  the 
federal  Department  of  Labour,  who  served 
as  a  government  delegate;  Carl  Berg,  a 
Vice-president  of  the  Trades  and  Labour 
Congress  of  Canada,  who  served  as  a  labour 
delegate;  and  R.  V.  Robinson  of  the  Cana- 
dian Manufacturers'  Association  of  British 
Columbia,  who  served'  as  an  employers' 
adviser. 


1471 


^  2rz  ^11^ 


J 


TEAMWORK 
in  INDUSTRY 


In  an  address  delivered  to  delegates  to 
the  36th  session  of  the  International 
Labour  Organization,  David  A.  Morse, 
Director-General  of  the  International 
Labour  Office,  pointed  to  the  need  for 
world-wide  productivity  increases.  Mr. 
Morse  said: — 

"Much  of  our  (i.e.,  the  ILO)  technical 
work,  particularly  the  assistance  to  under- 
developed countries,  has  been  directed 
towards  raising  productivity. 

"The  solution  to  the  problems  in  the 
drive  to  raise  productivity  must  be  sought 
largely  on  the  industrial  front.  Good  in- 
dustrial relations  are  a  guarantee  of  con- 
structive co-operation,  both  in  increasing 
productivity  and  in  securing  an  equitable 
distribution  of  its  proceeds.  Good  indus- 
trial relations,  as  many  speakers  have 
pointed  out,  are  not  something  which  can 
be  created  by  administrative  decision  or 
legal  action.  They  may  be  assisted  by 
governmental  activity;  but  their  success 
depends  upon  the  attitudes  of  employers' 
and  workers'  organizations." 

Excellent  Example  of  Co-operation 

An  example  of  excellent  co-operation 
between  an  employee,  an  LMPC,  and  the 
employer  has  come  to  light  at  the  Sir 
Adam  Beck  Hydro  Project  in  Niagara 
Falls.  E.  C.  Haslam,  an  employee  of  the 
Ontario  Hydro  Commission,  has  been 
commended  by  the  central  LMPC  for  his 
original  suggestion  to  use  double-headed 
nails  on  scaffolding  used  in  constructing 
the  new  power  house.  Also  commended 
for  their  work  in  the  development  of  the 
new  technique  were  G.  H.  Roy,  Power 
House  Superintendent,  and  the  Power 
House  Divisional  LMPC. 

A  report  to  the  central  LMPC  gave  a 
complete  summary  of  the  effectiveness  of 
the  idea  in  operation.  As  a  result  of  this 
report,  various  other  sections  of  the  pro- 
ject will  try  using  double-headed  nails 
where  possible. 

The  idea  has  resulted  in  savings  in  time, 
labour  and  materials.  Time  required  to 
strip  forms  has  been  reduced  and  trucking 
of  lumber  to  and  from  the  scrap  yard  has 
been  largely  eliminated  because  form 
lumber  is  now  stripped  clean  on  the  spot. 


The  report  recommended  use  of  this 
type  nail  on  all  outside  form  work 
wherever  the  lumber  is  to  be  used  again. 
Another  result  of  using  the  nails  has  been 
less  breakage  of  lumber  during  stripping. 
*         *        * 

Another  LMPC  has  been  formed  in  a 
Canadian  shipyard.  A  recent  announce- 
ment says  that  Burrard  Dry  Dock  Com- 
pany Ltd.  and  the  ten  unions  representing 
the  workers  have  formed  a  labour- 
management  production  committee.  The 
purpose  of  the  LMPC  is  to  improve 
production  efficiency  and  promote  mutual 
understanding. 

The  Vancouver  Province  quoted  Jack 
Dalrymple,  Yard  Manager,  as  telling  the 
first  meeting: — 

"We  meet  here  in  the  hope  and  belief 
that  we  can  get  together  on  a  common  basis 
and  produce  ideas  and  approaches  in  our 
industry  which  will  improve  our  produc- 
tive efficiency,  promote  a  feeling  of  friend- 
liness and  trust  in  our  common  aims  and 
maintain  harmonious  relations  in  our 
everyday  duties." 

Some  of  the  problems  the  committee  will 
deal  with  are  changing  obsolete  practices, 
absenteeism,  whistle  jumping,  educational, 
recreational  and  welfare  activities,  protec- 
tion of  personnel  and  plant,  improvement 
of  design  and  use  of  tools  and  fixtures  and 
simplification  of  handling,  sorting  and 
moving  of  materials  and  products. 
*        *        * 

The  annual  report  of  the  executive  of 
the  British  Trades  Union  Congress  has 
supported  the  work  of  the  British  Pro- 
ductivity Council,  successor  to  the  Anglo- 
American  Council  on  Productivity.  In 
the  report  to  the  eight  million  TUC 
members,  the  leaders  said  that  higher  in- 
dustrial efficiency  is  "essential  for  survival" 
in  the  competitive  field  of  world  trade  and 
that  the  Council  is  one  of  the  best  methods 
to  get  increased  efficiency.  The  report  also 
described  the  Productivity  Council  as  a 
means  of  improving  the  workers'  living 
standards. 


Establishment  of  Labour-Management 
Production  Committees  (LMPCs)  is 
encouraged  and  assisted  by  the  Labour- 
Management  Co-operation  Service,  In- 
dustrial Relations  Branch,  Department 
of  Labour.  In  addition  to  field  repre- 
sentatives located  in  key  industrial 
centres,  who  are  available  to  help  both 
managements  and  trade  unions  set  up 
LMPCs,  the  Service  provides  publicity 
aids  in  the  form  of  booklets,  films  and 
posters. 


1472 


industrial   iterations 
and   Conciliation 


Certification  and  Other  Proceedings  before 

the  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 


The  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 
met  for  one  day  during  August.  The 
Board  issued  seven  certificates  designating 
bargaining  agents,  rejected  two  applica- 
tions for  certification  as  bargaining  agent, 
and  ordered  two  representation  votes. 
During  the  month,  the  Board  received 
seven  applications  for  certification  as 
bargaining  agent. 

Applications  for  Certification  Granted 

1.  International  Alliance  of  Theatrical 
Stage     Employees     and     Moving     Picture 


This  section  covers  proceedings  under 
the  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act,  involving  the  admin- 
istrative services  of  the  Minister  of 
Labour,  the  Canada  Labour  Relations 
Board  and  the  Industrial  Relations 
Branch  of  the  Department. 


Machine  Operators  of  the  United  States 
and  Canada,  on  behalf  of  a  unit  of 
certain  classifications  of  employees  in  the 
television  service  of  the  Canadian  Broad- 
casting Corporation   (L.G.,  Aug.,  p.   1154). 


Scope  and  Administration  of  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes  Investigation  Act 


Conciliation  services  under  the  Indus- 
trial Relations  and  Disputes  Investiga- 
tion Act  are  provided  by  the  Minister 
of  Labour  through  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Branch.  The  branch  also  acts  as 
the  administrative  arm  of  the  Canada 
Labour  Relations  Board  in  matters  under 
the  Act  involving  the  board. 

The  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act  came  into  force  on 
September  1,  1948.  It  revoked  the  War- 
time Labour  Relations  Regulations,  P.C. 
1003,  which  became  effective  in  March, 
1944,  and  repealed  the  Industrial  Dis- 
putes Investigation  Act,  which  had  been 
in  force  from  1907  until  superseded  by 
the  Wartime  Regulations  in  1944.  Deci- 
sions, orders  and  certifications  given 
under  the  Wartime  Regulations  by  the 
Minister  of  Labour  and  the  Wartime 
Labour  Relations  Board  are  continued  in 
force   and   effect  by   the  Act. 

The  Act  applies  to  industries  within 
federal  jurisdiction,  i.e.,  navigation,  ship- 
ping, interprovincial  railways,  canals, 
telegraphs,  interprovincial  and  interna- 
tional steamship  lines  and  ferries,  aero- 
dromes and  air  transportation,  radio 
broadcasting  stations  and  works  declared 
by  Parliament  to  be  for  the  general 
advantage  of  Canada  or  two  or  more  of 
its  provinces.  Additionally,  the  Act 
provides  that  provincial  authorities,  if 
they  so  desire,  may  enact  similar  legis- 
lation for  application  to  industries 
within  provincial  jurisdiction  and  make 
mutually  satisfactory  arrangements  with 
the  federal  Government  for  the  admin- 
istration of  such  legislation. 

The  Minister  of  Labour  is  charged  with 
the  administration  of  the  Act  and  is 
directly  responsible  for  the  appointment 
of  conciliation  officers,  conciliation  boards, 
and  Industrial  Inquiry  Commissions  con- 
cerning complaints  that  the  Act  has  been 
violated  or  that  a  party  has  failed  to 
bargain  collectively,  and  for  applications 
for  consent  to  prosecute. 

The  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board  is 
established  under  the  Act  as  successor  to 


the  Wartime  Labour  Relations  Board  to 
administer  provisions  concerning  the  cer- 
tification of  bargaining  agents,  the  writ- 
ing of  provisions — -for  incorporation  into 
collective  agreements — fixing  a  procedure 
for  the  final  settlement  of  disputes  con- 
cerning the  meaning  or  violation  of  such 
agreements  and  the  investigation  of  com- 
plaints referred  to  it  by  the  minister  that 
a  party  has  failed  to  bargain  collectively 
and  to  make  every  reasonable  effort  to 
conclude  a  collective  agreement. 

Copies  of  the  Industrial  Relations  and 
Disputes  Investigation  Act,  the  Regula- 
tions made  under  the  Act,  and  the  Rules 
of  Procedure  of  the  Canada  Labour 
Relations  Board  are  available  upon 
request  to  the  Department  of  Labour, 
Ottawa. 

Proceedings  under  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions and  Disputes  Investigation  Act  are 
reported  _  below  under  two  headings: 
(1)  Certification  and  other  Proceedings 
before  the  Canada  Labour  Relations 
Board,  and  (2)  Conciliation  and  other 
Proceedings  before  the  Minister  of 
Labour. 

Industrial  Relations  Officers  of  the 
Department  of  Labour  are  stationed  at 
Vancouver,  Winnipeg,  Toronto,  Ottawa, 
Montreah  Fredericton,  Halifax  and  St. 
John's,  Newfoundland.  The  territory  of 
two  officers  resident  in  Vancouver  com- 
prises British  Columbia,  Alberta  and  the 
Yukon  and  Northwest  Territories;  two 
officers  stationed  in  Winnipeg  cover  the 
provinces  of  Saskatchewan  and  Manitoba 
and  Northwestern  Ontario;  three  officers 
resident  in  Toronto  confine  their  activi- 
ties to  Ontario;  three  officers  in  Mont- 
real are  assigned  to  the  province  of 
Quebec,  and  a  total  of  three  officers 
resident  in  Fredericton,  Halifax  and  St. 
John's  represent  the  Department  in  the 
Maritime  Provinces  and  Newfoundland. 
The  headquarters  of  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Branch  and  the  Director  of 
Industrial  Relations  and  staff  are  situated 
in  Ottawa. 


1473 


2.  Seafarers'  International  Union  of 
North  America,  Canadian  District,  on 
behalf  of  a  unit  of  unlicensed  personnel 
of  the  deck,  engineroom  and  steward's 
department's  employed  on  vessels  operated 
by  Hall  Corporation  of  Canada,  Montreal 
(L.G,  Aug.,  p.  1154). 

3.  United  Packinghouse  Workers  of 
America,  on  behalf  of  a  unit  of  plant 
employees  of  Purity  Flour  Mills  Limited, 
employed  at  St.  Boniface,  Man.  (L.G., 
Aug.,  p.  1154). 

4.  Federal  Union  Local  493,  Trades  and 
Labour  Congress  of  Canada,  on  behalf  of 
a  unit  of  painters  employed  at  Victoria, 
B.C.,  by  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway 
Company  (British  Columbia  Coast  Steam- 
ship  Service)    (L.G.,  Aug.,   p.   1154). 

5.  International  Union  of  Operating 
Engineers,  Local  857,  on  behalf  of  a  unit 
of  employees  of  Canadian  National  Rail- 
ways, employed  in  the  Engineering  Depart- 
ment of  the  Macdonald  Hotel,  Edmonton, 
Alta.  (L.G.,  Aug.,  p.  1155). 

6.  Canadian  Merchant  Service  Guild, 
Inc.,  on  behalf  of  a  unit  of  deck  officers 
employed  by  the  Canadian  Pacific  Rail- 
way Company,  in  its  Great  Lakes  Steam- 
ship Service,  aboard  the  SS  Keewatin  and 
SS  Assiniboia  (L.G.,  Sept.,  p.  1314). 

7.  United  Packinghouse  Workers  of 
America,  Local  520,  on  behalf  of  a  unit 
of  plant  employees  of  The  Ogilvie  Flour 
Mills  Co.  Limited,  employed  at  the  com- 
pany's Higgins  Avenue  plant,  Winnipeg 
(L.G.,  Sept,  p.  1314). 

Applications  for  Certification  Rejected 

1.  National  Association  of  Broadcast 
Engineers  and  Technicians,  applicant, 
and  Canadian  Broadcasting  Corporation, 
respondent.  The  application  was  rejected 
for  the  reason  that  it  was  not  supported 
by  a  majority  of  the  employees  affected 
in  a  representation  vote  conducted  by  the 
Board   (L.G.,  Aug,  p.  1154). 

2.  United  Mine  Workers  of  America, 
District  50,  Region  75,  Local  13618, 
applicant,  and  Hall  Corporation  of 
Canada,  Montreal,  respondent.  The  appli- 
cation was  rejected  for  the  reason  that  it 
was   not   supported    by    a   majority    of   the 


employees  affected  as  members  in  good 
standing  in  accordance  with  Section  15  of 
the  Board's  Rules  of  procedure  (L.G, 
Aug,  p.  1154). 

Representation  Votes  Ordered 

1.  West  Coast  Seamen's  Union  (Canada), 
applicant,  and  The  Packers  Steamship 
Company  Limited,  Vancouver,  respondent, 
and  Seafarers'  International  Union  of 
North  America,  Canadian  District,  inter- 
vener (L.G,  Aug,  p.  1155).  The  names 
of  the  applicant  and  intervener  will 
appear  on  the  ballot. 

2.  Beaverlodge  District  Mine,  Mill  and 
Smelter  Workers,  Local  No.  913,  Inter- 
national Union  of  Mine,  Mill  and  Smelter 
Workers,  applicant,  and  Eldorado  Mining 
and  Refining  Limited,  respondent  (Beaver- 
lodge operations,  Uranium  City,  Sask.) 
(L.G,  July,  p.  1020). 

Applications  for  Certification  Received 

Club  and  Cabaret  and  Construction 
Camp,  Culinary  and  Service  Employees' 
Union,  Local  740,  Hotel  and  Restaurant 
Employees'  and  Bartenders'  International 
Union,  on  behalf  of  the  following  five 
units  of  employees  at  Whitehorse,  Y.T.: 
(1)  cocktail  lounge  and  tavern  employees 
of  the  Whitehorse  Inn;  (2)  cafe  employees 
of  the  Whitehorse  Inn;  (3)  cocktail 
lounge  and  tavern  employees  of  The 
Regina;  (4)  cocktail  lounge  employees  of 
Tourist  Services;  and  (5)  cocktail  lounge 
employees  of  The  Canadian  Legion, 
Branch  No.  2  (Investigating  Officer: 
D.  S.  Tysoe). 

6.  Mayo  District  Mine,  Mill  and 
Smelter  Workers,  Local  No.  924,  Interna- 
tional Union  of  Mine,  Mill  and  Smelter 
Workers,  on  behalf  of  a  unit  of  employees 
of  MacKeno  Mines  Ltd,  Keno  City, 
Y.T.   (Investigating  Officer:   D.  S.  Tysoe). 

7.  Canadian  Brotherhood  of  Railway 
Employees  and  Other  Transport  Workers, 
on  behalf  of  a  unit  of  coal  dump  labourers 
employed  by  Canadian  National  Railways 
at  Moncton,  N.B.  (Investigating  Officer: 
B.  H.  Hardie). 


For  some  Boston  truck  drivers,  birth- 
days will  be  paid  holidays  beginning  next 
year. 

A  provision  in  a  new  two-year  contract 
negotiated  by  Local  25,  International 
Brotherhood      of     Teamsters,     Chauffeurs, 


Warehousemen  and  Helpers  of  America 
(AFL),  gives  this  additional  paid  holiday 
to  the  local's  6,000  members.  They 
already  get  eight  paid  holidays  each  year. 
The  birthday  arrangement  will  begin 
in  1954. 


1474 


Conciliation  and  Other  Proceedings 

before  the  Minister  of  Labour 


Conciliation  Officer  Appointed 

During  August  the  Minister  appointed  a 
conciliation  officer  to  deal  with  the  follow- 
ing dispute: — 

Eastern  Canada  Stevedoring  Co.  Ltd. 
(Toronto)  and  Brotherhood  of  Railway 
and  Steamship  Clerks,  Freight  Handlers, 
Express  and  Station  Employees  (Concilia- 
tion Officer:  L.  Pepin). 

Settlement  Reported  by  Conciliation  Officer 

Canadian  Broadcasting  Corporation 
(editorial  employees)  and  Canadian  Wire 
Services,  Local  213,  American  Newspaper 
Guild  (Conciliation  Officer:  F.  J.  Ains- 
borough)    (L.G.,  Sept.,  p.   1314). 

Conciliation  Board  Reports  Received 

(1)  The  Shipping  Federation  of  Canada, 
Inc.,  Montreal,  and  Seafarers'  International 


Union  of  North  America,  Canadian  Dis- 
trict (L.G.,  May,  p.  699).  Text  of  the 
Board's  report  is  reproduced  below. 

(2)  Canada  Steamship  Lines,  Limited, 
Montreal,  and  Seafarers'  International 
Union  of  North  America,  Canadian  Dis- 
trict (L.G.,  July,  p.  1022).  Text  of  the 
Board's  report  is  reproduced  below. 

(3)  Colonial  Steamships,  Limited;  N.  M. 
Paterson  &  Sons,  Limited;  Upper  Lakes 
and  St.  Lawrence  Transportation  Company 
Limited  and  Seafarers'  International  Union 
of  North  America,  Canadian  District 
(L.G.,  July,  p.  1022).  Text  of  the  Board's 
report  is  reproduced  below. 

(4)  National  Harbours  Board,  Quebec, 
and  Brotherhood  of  Railway  and  Steam- 
ship Clerks,  Freight  Handlers,  Express  and 
Station  Employees  (L.G.,  July,  p.  1022). 
Text  of  the  Board's  report  is  reproduced 
below. 


Report  of  Board  in  Dispute  between 

Shipping  Federation  of  Canada,  Inc. 

and 

Seafarers'  International  Union  of  North  America, 

Canadian  District 


The  Conciliation  Board  appointed  in  the 
above  matter,  consisting  of  His  Honour 
Judge  W.  S.  Lane  of  Picton,  Ontario,  Mr. 
Maurice  Silcoff  of  Montreal,  and  Mr.  T.  R. 
Meighen,  QC,  of  Montreal,  has  met  the 
Parties  at  the  City  of  Montreal  on  the  20, 
21  and  22  days  of  May,  1953.  The  Parties 
were  respectively  represented  as  follows: — 

For  the  Shipping  Federation  of  Canada — 
Mr.     J.  A.  Sauve,  of  Canadian  National 

Steamships, 
Mr.  E.  Strang,  of  the  Saguenay  Terminal, 
Captain    Outram,    of    Canadian    Pacific 

Steamships, 
Captain  Ellis,   Triton   Steamships, 
Captain  Matheson,  Shipping  Federation. 
For  the  Union — 
Mr.  H.    C.    Banks,    International    Vice- 
President, 
Mr.  R.  M.  Deeley,  Sec. -Treasurer, 
Mr.  E.  E.   Hughes,   Chairman   of   Nego- 
tiating Committee, 


Mr.  M.  Sheahen,  Member  of  Negotiating 
Committee, 

Mr.  J.  Savard,  Member  of  Negotiating 
Committee, 

Mr.  R.  Desjardins,  Member  of  Negotiat- 
ing Committee, 

Mr.  W.  Lucyhyan,  Member  of  Negotiat- 
ing Committee, 

Mr.  F.  Keeping,  Member  of  Negotiating 
Committee, 

Mr.  A.  Stenger,  Research  Consultant. 

The  case  on  behalf  of  the  Union  was 
conducted  mainly  by  Mr.  Hughes,  with  the 
assistance  at  all  times  by  other  members 
of  the  Negotiating  Committee  and  by  Mr. 
Banks,  the  International  Representative. 
The  case  on  behalf  of  the  Federation 
was  conducted  jointly  by  Mr.  Sauve  and 
Mr.  Strang,  with  the  assistance  of  other 
members  of  the  Committee  of  the 
Shipping  Federation  and  particularly  Capt. 
Matheson. 


1475 


The  requests  made  on  behalf  of  the 
Union  were  some  33  in  number  most  of 
which  have  some  economic  significance,  but 
some  could  not  be  so  classed.  In  approach- 
ing the  problems  involved  in  this  Con- 
ciliation, we  must  do  so  remembering  the 
fact  that  there  has  been  a  most  decided 
shrinkage  in  the  last  few  years  in  the  Deep 
Sea  Canadian  merchant  fleet,  and  that  the 
shrinkage  has  been  such  as  to  invite 
rather  serious  thinking  on  the  problem  of 
the  survival  of  shipping  under  the  Cana- 
dian flag.  It  would  seem  that  it  is  our 
duty  in  this  Conciliation  to  assess  the 
factors  involved  in  this  shrinkage  and  to 
relate  them  to  the  demands  which  have 
been  made  in  this  Conciliation.  At  the 
same  time,  it  would  seem  to  be  our  duty 
to  find  whether  or  not  the  unlicensed 
personnel,  who  work  on  these  Canadian 
ships,  are  the  subject  of  discrimination  in 
the  interests  of  the  Shipping  Companies, 
to,  in  effect,  subsidize  the  survival  of  Deep 
Sea  Canadian  shipping.  It  is  quite  true 
that,  while  from  a  pride  standpoint, 
possibly  from  an  economic  standpoint  and 
probably  from  a  defence  standpoint,  Cana- 
dian shipping  is  a  decided  asset  to  this 
country,  we  cannot  be  expected  to  have 
that  shipping  maintained  by  an  under- 
paid, unlicensed  personnel  on  the  ships  that 
make  up  the  merchant  fleet.  We  must  be 
prepared  to  hold  some  sort  of  a  true 
balance  between  the  conditions  under 
which  the  men  work  as  against  the  cost 
of  satisfactory  working  conditions  in  the 
industry  in  so  far  as  the  Federation 
Shipping  Companies  and  the  men  are 
concerned. 

It  is  significant  to  us,  however,  that  this 
Conciliation  was  not  brought  to  us  on  the 
basis  of  comparisons  of  rates,  nor  was  it 
brought  to  us  on  the  basis  of  comparison 
of  wages  and  cost  of  living.  It  is  particu- 
larly significant  to  us  that  at  the  hearings 
it  became  evident  that  the  unlicensed 
personnel  of  Canadian  ships  are  paid  rates 
of  wages  which  are  higher  than  any  other 
country  in  the  world  with  the  exception 
of  the  United  States.  It  is  also  significant 
to  us  that  the  working  conditions  on 
Canadian  ships  are  better  than  the  working 
conditions  on  any  ships  in  the  world,  again 
with  the  exception  of  the  United  States. 
It  is  rather  significant,  also,  to  us  that  it 
was  alleged  that  all  countries  other  than 
the  United  States  not  only  were  able  to, 
but  did  under-bid  the  Canadian  ships  in 
the  market  for  freight,  and  that  it  is 
necessary  for  the  Canadian  ships  to  remain 
in  operation  to  meet  those  prices  which  are 
largely  dictated  by  Norwegian,  British, 
Greek  and  other  registries.    It  was  alleged 


In  August,  the  Minister  of  Labour 
received  the  majority  and  minority 
reports  of  the  Board  of  Conciliation 
and  Investigation  appointed  to  deal 
with  a  dispute  between  the  Seafarers' 
International  Union  of  North  America, 
Canadian  District,  and  the  Shipping 
Federation   of    Canada,   Inc.,    Montreal. 

The  Board  was  under  the  chairman- 
ship of  His  Honour  Judge  W.  S.  Lane. 
Picton,  Ont.,  who  was  appointed  by  the 
Minister  in  the  absence  of  a  joint 
recommendation  from  the  other  two 
members  of  the  Board.  The  nominee 
of  the  Federation  was  Theodore 
Meighen,  QC,  Montreal,  and  the  union 
nominee  was  Maurice  Silcoff,  Montreal. 

The  majority  report,  which,  under 
the  provisions  of  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions and  Disputes  Investigation  Act, 
constitutes  the  report  of  the  Board,  was 
signed  by  the  Chairman  and  Mr. 
Meighen.  The  minority  report  was 
submitted  by  Mr.  Silcoff. 

The  texts  of  the  majority  and 
minority  reports  are  reproduced  here- 
with. 


in  such  a  manner  that  we  must  take  some 
notice  of  it  that  the  only  basis  for  United 
States  remaining  in  competition  in  this 
field  is  by  their  special  system  of  subsi- 
dizing American  shipping.  We  are  pre- 
pared at  this  stage  to  find,  as  was  stated 
to  us  at  the  hearing,  that  there  is  no  such 
corresponding  subsidy  available  to  Cana- 
dian shipping.  We  must  take  some  notice 
of  the  fact  that  at  least  some  of  the 
Companies  operating  in  the  Federation 
carry  on  large  parts  of  their  business  by 
foreign  flag  ships,  and  that  if  the  Com- 
panies find  operation  of  Canadian  flag  ships 
is  too  far  out  of  line,  it  may  be  that  those 
Companies  will  find  it  profitable  and  desir- 
able to  transfer  flag  of  the  few  remaining 
ships  operating  under  the  Canadian 
Registry. 

In  arriving  at  our  decision  on  these  very 
vital  issues  involved  in  this  Conciliation,  we 
must  see  that  the  men  are  paid  adequately 
for  their  services,  but  at  the  same  time  we 
must  guard  against  the  eventuality  which 
seems  to  be  present  here  that  by  raising 
operation  costs  substantially  we  will  be 
cutting  off  Canadian  labour  from  this  field 
of  work.  We  have  attempted  to  approach 
the  issues  involved  here  fairly  and  to  the 
best  of  our  ability  to  try  and  do  justice 
to  the  men  and  to  the  Companies.  We 
will  go  through  the  requests  in  the  order 
of  the  demands  as  they  were  made  by  the 
Union: — 


1476 


The  first  demand  involved  here  was  a 
demand  for  an  increased  scale  of  wages  by 
a  general  increase  of  $50  per  month  for  all 
unlicensed  personnel.  After  having  con- 
sidered this  matter  from  every  angle,  we 
have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  this  is 
not  justified.  For  a  justified  increase  of 
wages,  there  should  be  present  at  least  one 
of  a  number  of  factors  involved.  Either 
the  rate  presently  paid,  by  comparison  with 
other  rates,  should  be  low;  or  there  should 
have  been  an  increase  in  the  productivity 
justifying  the  demand;  or  there  should 
have  been  an  increase  in  the  cost  of  living 
which  would  justify  the  request.  Here 
the  Union  makes  no  attempt  to  show  that 
any  of  these  factors  are  present,  and  it 
would  appear  that  the  only  basis  of  in- 
crease which  they  are  prepared  to  submit 
is  one  which  has  sometimes  been  termed 
the  "improvement  factor",  and  which 
might  be  applied  where  there  is  a  general 
expanding  economy  or  at  least  prosperity 
in  the  particular  industry,  but  which  in 
general  has  not  too  much  logic  behind  it. 
On  the  other  hand,  if  we  were  to  accede 
to  this  request,  this  Board  feels  that  it 
would  be  cutting  off  completely  the  men 
involved  here  from  their  employment  on 
Canadian  ships.  We  are  prepared  to  find 
that  any  substantial  increase  in  labour 
costs  at  this^time,  in  view  of  the  lower 
rates  paid  by  the  majority  of  shipping 
countries,  would  eliminate  Canadian  ships 
from  the  sea.  On  this  basis,  therefore, 
we  cannot  recommend  that  there  be  any 
increase  in  the  general  wages  paid  on 
Canadian  ships.  We  are,  therefore,  not 
prepared  to  recommend  that  the  wage  rates, 
as  set  out  in  Article  III,  Section  1(a),  be 
changed. 

The  second  request  deals  with  a  demand 
for  an  increase  in  stand-by  wages  from 
90  cents  to  $1.50  per  hour,  as  outlined  in 
Article  III,  Section  1(b).  In  this  case,  in 
spite  of  the  wage  costs,  it  appears  to  us 
that  the  present  rate  of  90  cents  is  out  of 
line  with  the  general  rates  being  paid,  and 
that  there  should  be  an  increase  in  this 
particular  clause  of  Section  1  of  the  stand- 
by rates  from  90  cents  to  $1.20  per  hour. 

The  third  demand  covers  a  demand  for 
an  increase  in  overtime  rates,  as  set  out  in 
Section  3  of  Article  III,  from  95  cents,  85 
cents  and  75  cents  to  $1.50,  $1.40  and  $1.25 
per  hour.  There  would  be  no  question  in 
this  connection  were  these  overtime  rates 
purely  confined  to  overtime  work,  but 
under  the  clauses  of  this  Agreement,  while 
some  of  the  overtime  work  and  rates  apply 
to  situations  which  are  purely  overtime,  in 
other  cases  these  rates  apply  as  premium 


rates  of  pa}^  for  disagreeable,  unpleasant 
and  sometimes  dangerous  work.  There 
seems,  therefore,  to  be  not  too  much 
logical  basis  for  an  increase  in  these  rates 
as  demanded,  but  at  the  same  time  we 
see  no  very  valid  reason  as  to  why  these 
rates  should  not  be  on  the  same  basis  as 
stand-by  rates.  We,  therefore,  have 
decided  that  we  should  recommend  that 
they  should  be  increased  from  the  present 
rates  to  $1.20,  $1.10  and  $1. 

The  fourth  demand  is  on  the  question 
of  compensation  for  loss  of  property  occa- 
sioned in  a  marine  disaster  from  $150  to 
$250.  The  present  payments  are  set  out 
in  Section  19  of  Article  II.  Under  the 
present  clause,  the  sum  of  $150  appears  to 
be  an  artificial  figure  which  is  paid  auto- 
matically without  any  question  of  proof  of 
loss.  If  the  artificial  nature  of  this  pay- 
ment is  to  be  retained  and  it  is  to  be 
paid  to  a  seaman  irrespective  of  his  loss, 
then  we  do  not  feel  that  there  should  be 
any  increase  in  the  amount  of  that  pay- 
ment. If,  on  the  other  hand,  the  clause 
were  redrafted  to  make  it  necessary  to 
prove  the  amount  of  the  loss,  then  we 
would  be  prepared  to  recommend  that  the 
amount  be  increased  so  that  the  Company 
would  be  required  to  pay  the  actual 
amount  of  loss  up  to  the  sum  of  $250. 

The  fifth  demand  was  for  an  increased 
compensation  for  short  issue  of  linen  from 
30  cents  and  $2  to  60  cents  and  $4,  under 
Section  13(c)  of  Article  II.  It  would 
appear  to  us  from  the  evidence  that  we 
heard  that  this  is  merely  a  request  for  an 
increase  in  penalty,  and  it  would  also  seem 
to  us  not  to  be  justified,  particularly  in 
view  of  the  operating  deficit  which  is  being 
faced  by  many  of  these  Companies. 

The  sixth  request,  which  is  a  request 
under  Section  18  of  Article  II,  is  for  an 
increased  meal  allowance  from  $1.25  to  $2 
per  meal,  with  a  maximum  per  day  in- 
crease from  $3.75  to  $6  per  day.  We  have 
felt  that  there  is  some  reasonable  basis 
for  this  request,  because  while  travelling 
it  would  be  very  difficult  to  live  at  the 
rates  set  out  in  this  Section.  We  have, 
therefore,  decided  that  we  should  recom- 
mend that  the  rates  be  increased  to  $1.60 
per  meal  with  a  maximum  of  $4.50  per  day. 

The  seventh  demand  covers  a  demand 
for  room  and  meal  allowance,  under  Section 
19  of  Article  II,  from  85  cents  as  presently 
paid  to  $1.25  per  meal.  After  thinking  the 
matter  over  and  having  heard  both  points 
of  view  in  this  matter,  we  have  come  to 
the  conclusion  that  a  fair  allowance  per 
meal  would  be  $1.10,  and  we  would  so 
recommend. 


1477 


The  eighth  demand  is  a  proposal  whereby 
there  would  be  added  into  Article  VII  a 
new  Section  4  covering  extra  meals,  where- 
by there  would  be  extra  pay  given  to  the 
Steward's  Department  of  50  cents  per  meal 
served  to  any  guests  and  this  amount 
would  be  divided  among  the  personnel 
of  the  Steward's  Department  actually 
engaged  in  serving  those  meals.  It  would 
seem  that  this  is  a  demand  which  is  made 
for  some  slight  extra  work  which  might 
be  occasioned  under  unusual  circumstances 
to  the  Steward's  Department.  We  do  not 
feel,  under  the  circumstances,  that  this  is 
a  justifiable  demand  unless  there  has  been 
some  abuse  which  can  be  pointed  to.  It 
seems  to  us  to  be  just  another  demand 
which  would  increase  the  cost  of  operation 
of  these  ships,  even  though  only  slightly. 
It  would  seem  to  be  a  case  where  under 
the  present  system  the  average  employee 
expects  to  do  only  the  bare  minimum  of 
work  without  increased  remuneration,  and 
so  long  as  that  attitude  is  maintained  any- 
where, the  service  and  the  competitive 
strength  of  the  individual  as  well  as  the 
Company  for  which  he  works  will  suffer. 
We,  therefore,  do  not  see  our  way  clear  to 
recommend  the  change  as  demanded. 

The  ninth  demand  is  a  penalty  demand, 
whereby  if  the  Steward's  Department  is 
required  to  serve  late  meals  due  to  the 
failure  of  officers  eating  within  the  pre- 
scribed time,  the  Steward's  Department  will 
be  entitled  to  regular  overtime  rates  for 
the  length  of  time  they  are  required  to 
stand  by.  This  request  is  actually  not  a 
request  for  overtime.  If  it  were,  there 
would  be  some  justification  for  it.  It  is  a 
request  for  overtime  payment  in  the 
Steward's  Department  for  time  for  which 
the  men  are  actually  being  paid  and,  as 
explained  to  us,  the  request  is  made  so 
that  there  will  be  some  compulsion  given 
to  the  officers  to  be  present  at  regular 
meal  times.  In  our  opinion,  this  would 
seriously  undermine  the  authority  of  the 
officers  on  the  ship  and  in  an  emergency 
might  constitute  a  hazard  to  the  proper 
operation  of  the  ship,  and  definitely  if  it 
became  effective  would  be  an  unfair  paj'- 
ment  forced  from  the  Company  under  most 
conditions.  Again,  we  do  not  see  that  this 
demand  is  justified. 

The  tenth  request  comes  within  the  head- 
ing of  the  reduction  of  work  week  from  56 
hours  to  40  hours.  There  is  no  doubt  but 
that  the  trend  in  industry  generally  on 
land  has  been  towards  a  40  hour  week. 
However,  there  has  by  no  means  been  a 
complete  approach  to  that  hourly  schedule. 
The    Shipping    industry    has    come    a    long 


ways  towards  this  when  they  adopted  a 
schedule  of  hours  in  port  different  from 
that  at  sea.  We  do  not  see  how  it  would 
be  possible  to  reduce  the  hours  at  sea  so 
that  the  seamen  would  benefit  actually  in 
shorter  hours.  The  only  ways  that  it  could 
be  done  would  be  to  increase  the  manning 
scale  so  that  regular  shifts  could  be  worked 
on  the  boats  at  sea.  In  the  alternative,  the 
men  themselves  could  work  it  and  be  paid 
overtime  for  the  extra  work.  Obviously 
the  first  alternative  is  not  practical.  There- 
fore, this  reduction  in  hours  while  at  sea, 
in  effect,  becomes  a  further  wage  demand. 
On  principle,  overtime  is  justified  as  a 
penalty  against  long  hours,  and  is  given 
as  a  deterrent  to  forcing  the  men  to 
work.  Here  it  could  not  be  a  deterrent, 
it  could  be  only  extra  pay.  It  seems 
to  us  that  this  demand  cannot  be 
justified  in  any  way,  particularly  under 
the  circumstances  of  the  non-profitable 
operation  of  the  Shipping  Companies  on 
the  East  Coast  of  this  country.  We, 
therefore,  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that 
were  we  to  grant  this  demand  we  would 
be  doing  harm  to  the  men  themselves, 
because  this  would  mean  in  the  long  run 
an  almost  sure  way  of  taking  out  of  oper- 
ation the  Canadian  ships  operating  under 
Canadian  flag.  We,  therefore,  are  prepared 
to  refuse  the  requests  set  o#t  in  Numbers 
10,  11,  12  and  13.  W"e  see  no  possibility 
of  any  reduction  in  hours  at  sea,  and  there- 
fore, these  demands,  which  are  in  line  with 
the  general  reduction  demand,  should  not 
be  granted. 

The  next  demand  is  demand  Number  14, 
which  deals  with  Section  3  of  Article  V. 
This  is  a  demand  that  the  deck  depart- 
ment be  paid  overtime  rates  where  they 
are  required  to  take  off  and  put  on  hatch 
boards  and  beams,  and  is  an  alternative  to 
Section  3,  Article  V,  in  the  present  Agree- 
ment. It  appears  to  us,  from  the  evidence 
that  was  given,  that  Section  3  in  the 
present  Agreement  goes  a  long  way  towards 
relieving  the  deck  department  of  work 
which  appears  to  us  to  have  been  proper 
work  for  that  department.  We  see  no 
justification  for  the  extension  of  that 
Section.  We  understand  that  the  reason 
for  having  it  written  in  its  present  form  is 
so  that  there  would  be  no  conflict  between 
longshoremen  and  the  deck  crew  in  ports 
where  this  hatch  work  has  been  by  custom 
of  the  port  the  property  of  the  longshore- 
men. We  see  no  reason  why  the  Company 
should  have  to  pay  extra  for  this  work  in 
ports  where  it  is  not  the  custom.  We 
would,  therefore,  not  recommend  any 
change. 


1478 


The  fifteenth  demand  covers  modifica- 
tions to  the  work  required  of  carpenters. 
This  again  is  a  request  predicated  on  the 
40  hour  week,  and  could  be  turned  down 
on  the  basis  of  the  refusal  to  recommend 
the  reduction  in  hours  as  above  set  out. 
But  here  it  seems  to  us  that  we  should 
say  that  the  carpenters'  work  on  a  ship  is 
important  and  the  exemptions  from  that 
work  should  not  be  extended  further  than 
they  are  at  present,  because  to  extend  them 
would  merely  be  a  further  way  of  requiring 
a  premium  payment  which  again  aggravates 
the  operating  cost  which,  in  our  opinion, 
it  is  as  much  in  the  interests  of  the 
unlicensed  personnel  to  keep  down  as  it 
is  in  the  interests  of  the  Companies. 

Demand  Number  16,  which  covers  Section 
7  of  Article  VI,  as  we  see  it  is  nothing 
more  than  a  change  required  if  the  40 
hour  week  were  established.  In  view  of 
the  fact  that  this  Board  cannot  see  its 
way  clear  to  make  that  recommendation, 
there  is  no  necessity  that  this  Section  be 
changed.  We,  therefore,  do  not  recommend 
a  change  here  and  feel  that  this  Section 
should  be  rewritten  as  it  was  in  the  last 
contract. 

The  seventeenth  demand  of  the  Union 
deals  with  an  amendment  to  Article  VII, 
Section  2.  After  hearing  the  evidence  given 
for  both  sides,  your  Board  is  not  prepared 
to  recommend  the  demand  in  its  entirety 
of  the  Union.  We  do,  however,  feel  that 
some  of  the  aspirations  at  least  of  the 
Union  may  be  obtained  if  we  delete  the 
last  two  words  of  the  present  Section  and 
replace  them  by  the  following:  "scheduled 
hours  of  work  as  well  as  any  hours  worked 
in  addition  to  the  schedule",  so  that  the 
Section  will  now  read: — 

On  Saturdays,  Sundays  and  holidays  while 
in  port,  the  members,  who  work,  of  the 
Steward's  Department  under  this  Agreement 
shall  be  paid  regular  overtime  rates  for  all 
scheduled  hours  of  work  as  well  as  any  hours 
worked  in  addition  to  the  schedule. 

The  Union's  eighteenth  demand  deals 
with  Article  I,  Section  5,  in  which  they  ask 
that  after  the  word  "rights"  in  the  second 
paragraph  of  this  Section  there  be  added 
"of  the  above  paragraph".  The  amend- 
ment requested  by  the  Union  certainly 
would  add  nothing  in  meaning  to  the 
Section.  It  would  not  change  it  in  any 
way  in  substance  other  than  to  make  it 
more  difficult  to  understand  by  reason  of 
its  clumsy  construction.  In  view  of  this, 
we  cannot  recommend  that  it  be  changed 
as  asked. 

The  Union's  nineteenth  demand  deals 
with  Section  6  of  Article  I  and  relates  to 
promotions.    The  Union  asks  that  there  be 


added  after  the  word  "port"  the  following 
words :  "where  the  •  Union  cannot  supply 
the  necessary  replacements".  The  Com- 
pany also  asks  for  an  amendment  to  this 
Section  after  the  word  "service",  where 
they  would  add  the  words  "on  the  ship". 
We  have  come  to  the  conclusion,  after 
thinking  the  submissions  of  both  Parties 
over  carefully,  that  the  Section  should  be 
amended  to  read  as  follows: — 

In  making  promotions,  at  sea  and  in  port, 
full  and  due  consideration  shall  be  given  to 
Seniority  and,  all  things  being  equal,  seamen 
who  are  senior  in  length  of  service  on  the 
ship  shall  receive  available  promotions. 

The  Companies  shall  not  be  obligated  to 
revoke  promotions  they  make  at  sea.  They 
agree  that  a  promotion  will  not  be  made 
while  in  a  port  where  the  Union  maintains 
an  office  and  can  supply  at  that  port  a 
satisfactory  replacement  for  the  vacancy  to 
be  filled. 

The  Union's  demands  Number  20  and  21 
really  deal  with  the  same  matter.  They 
relate  to  Section  7  of  Article  II.  The  first 
demand  asks  that  the  title  of  the  Section 
be  amended,  and  the  second  demand  asks 
that  the  three  paragraphs  be  deleted  and 
that  they  be  replaced  by  a  general  blanket 
paragraph  reading  as  follows: — 

Union  officials  shall  be  permitted  on  board 
the  Company's  vessels  at  all  times  to  contact 
crew  members  and  transact  Union  business. 

This  demand  seems  to  us  to  be  a  rather 
unnecessary  simplification  of  an  important 
security  requirement.  It  was  pointed  out 
to  the  Board  that  the  Company  officials 
themselves  could  not  go  on  board  the 
Company  vessels  without  proper  passes.  It. 
therefore,  would  seem  that  there  should 
be  no  higher  right  given  to  the  Union 
officials  than  to  the  Company  officials.  It 
was  pointed  out  to  us  that  these  require- 
ments were  essentially  for  the  security  of 
the  vessels  and  even  to  guard  against 
spurious  representatives  of  other  organiza- 
tions gaining  entrance  to  matters  to  which 
they  have  no  right.  Under  the  circum- 
stances, therefore,  we  have  come  to  the 
conclusion  that  there  is  no  justification  for 
either  of  these  requests.  We  would  recom- 
mend, therefore,  that  the  Sections  be 
rewritten  as  they  were  in  the  last  contract. 

The  Union's  twenty-second  demand  deals 
with  Article  II,  Section  12,  from  which  they 
ask  that  in  paragraph  (c)  "utility  boys"  be 
eliminated.  The  basic  reason  for  this 
request  is  that  they  claim  utility  boys, 
being  a  part  of  the  personnel  of  the 
Steward's  Department,  should  be  respon- 
sible only  for  the  cleanliness  and  the 
cleaning  duties  properly  attributable  to 
that  department.     They   do  not  feel   that 


1479 


these  utility  boys  should  be  expected  to 
clean  for  the  ordinary  seamen  and  the 
other  departments.  They  base  their 
reasoning  on  the  fact,  which  they  say  is 
the  fact,  that  the  Steward's  Department  is, 
under  the  new  manning  scale,  lighter 
manned  than  the  other  departments  of  the 
ship  and  that,  therefore,  the  utility  boys 
as  a  part  of  that  department  should  not 
be  asked  to  do  work  beyond  it.  Against 
this,  the  Companies  take  the  position  that 
in  the  very  nature  of  the  work  the  utility 
boys  are  proper  persons  to  list  for  this  work 
when  they  are  required  for  any  special  or 
general  reason.  This  is  the  type  of  job 
they  are  hired  for,  this  is  the  reason  they 
are  put  in  the  Steward's  Department,  and 
they  see  no  reason  why  this  should  be 
changed  now.  The  Board  has  come  to  the 
conclusion,  after  thinking  the  matter  over, 
that  there  should  be  no  change  with  regard 
to  this  matter  and  that  the  terms  of  the 
contract  in  this  regard  should  be  rewritten 
in  their  present  form.  While  there  is 
something  to  be  said  for  the  Union's  argu- 
ment, if  in  fact  it  is  accurate,  there  is  just 
as  much  to  be  said  from  the  Companies 
standpoint.  Therefore,  the  matter  should 
stand  as  it  is  for  the  present. 

The  Union's  twenty-third  demand  is  with 
regard  to  Section  13(a)  of  Article  II,  and  is 
to  raise  the  issue  of  boxes  of  matches  from 
four  boxes  of  matches  to  six  boxes  of 
matches  per  week.  This  request  seems  to 
be  one  which  has  very  little  difference  in 
it  one  way  or  the  other.  We  have  felt  that, 
if  there  is  any  necessity  for  more  matches 
to  be  issued  to  seamen,  then  the  Com- 
panies would  be  well  advised  to  raise  the 
issue  from  four  boxes  to  six  boxes  of 
matches  per  week. 

The  Union's  twenty-fourth  demand  deals 
with  Section  15(c)  of  Article  II,  wherein 
the  Union  asks  that  the  words  "watches 
may  be  set  as  required  by  the  Master"  be 
deleted,  and  that  there  be  added  to  the 
Section  "when  watches  are  set".  It  would 
seem  that  there  should  not  be  an  amend- 
ment to  this  Section,  because  for  the  safety 
of  the  vessel  it  is  not  proper  to  detract 
from  the  authority  of  the  Master.  How- 
ever, in  the  hope  that  some  goodwill  may 
be  gained,  the  Board  has  decided  to  recom- 
mend that  after  the  word  "Master"  be 
written  in  "subject  to  Section  2(a)  of 
Article  V",  so  that  the  Section  will  now 
read: — 

Meals  hours  may  be  varied  but  such  varia- 
tions shall  not  exceed  one  hour  either  way 
provided  that  one  unbroken  hour  shall  be 
allowed  at  all  times  for  dinner  and  supper 
when  vessel  is  in  port.  When  watches  are 
broken,   if   one   unbroken  hour   is  not  given, 


the  men  involved  shall  receive  one  (1)  hour's 
overtime  in  lieu  thereof  at  the  regular  over- 
time rate.  On  sailing  day,  watches  may  be 
set  as  required  by  the  Master,  subject  to 
Section  2(a)  of  Article  V,  and  meals  shall 
be  taken  at  least  one  (1)  hour  prior  to 
commencing  watch.  This  subsection  shall 
apply  to  day  men  in  port  and  at  sea. 

The  Union's  twenty-fifth  demand  deals 
with  Section  17  of  Article  II.  The  Union 
has  asked  that  this  be  rewritten  so  that 
there  should  be  the  word  "sufficient" 
written  into  this  Section.  The  argument 
apparently  is  that  some  stewards  do  not 
place  sufficient  supplies  out  for  this  mid- 
night lunch  and  they  term  it  a  compliance 
with  the  Section  if  they  set  out  a  token 
amount  of  food  for  the  men.  If  this  be 
the  case,  it  would  appear  to  this  Board 
that  this  is  a  proper  matter  upon  which 
these  men  should  grieve  when  they  come 
to  their  home  port  and  it  should  be 
brought  to  the  attention  of  the  Company 
the  way  their  steward  acts.  The  matter 
should  be  dealt  with  by  way  of  penalty 
if  in  effect  it  is  taking  place.  By  adding 
the  word  "sufficient"  into  the  Section,  how- 
ever, we  would,  in  our  opinion,  be  doing 
nothing  towards  clarification  and  would  be 
merely  making  the  matter  a  football  for 
the  men,  which  would  not  be,  in  our 
opinion,  a  proper  solution.  We  cannot, 
therefore,  recommend  that  there  be  an}' 
change  in  the  contract  in  this  regard. 

The  Union's  twenty-sixth  demand  deals 
with  Section  20  of  Article  II,  and  is  in 
connection  with  the  return  of  seamen  to 
the  port  of  signing.  The  Union  asks  that 
the  stipulation  of  the  rights  of  return,  as 
provided  under  the  Canada  Shipping  Act, 
be  deleted  and  that  there  be  added  a  clause 
which  would  require  that  they  be  returned 
to  the  port  of  engagement  with  subsistence, 
transportation  and  wages  as  provided  in  this 
Agreement.  In  view  of  the  factors  involved 
in  this  dispute,  particularly  the  cost  factors 
involved  in  so  far  as  these  Companies  are 
concerned,  we  are  unable  to  give  any  relief 
to  the  Union  under  this  demand.  We  do 
not  see  that  there  is  any  greater  ground 
for  return  from  a  Canadian  port  than  the 
return  from  a  foreign  port.  We  do  feel 
that  a  seaman  should  have  that  right.  We 
do  not  feel  that  he  should  be  returned 
from  any  port  as  a  distressed  British 
seaman,  but  that  he  should  be  returned 
under  the  terms  of  the  Canada  Shipping 
Act.  We  would,  therefore,  recommend  an 
amendment  of  this  Section  by  adding  the 
following  sentence  at  the  end:  "and  the 
Companies  agree  that  the  seaman  shall 
not    be    returned    as    a    distressed    British 


1480 


The  Union's  twenty-seventh  demand  deals 
with  Section  21  of  Article  II.  This  request 
would  deny  the  Company  the  right  to  sign 
on  substitute  seamen  abroad,  even  though 
the  necessity  for  such  an  act  were  caused 
by  the  unlicensed  personnel  leaving  the 
ship  during  the  course  of  the  voyage.  It 
is  true  that  the  Union  says  that  the  Com- 
pany, under  their  proposed  Section,  would 
have  the  right  to  sign  on  emergency  crew 
men,  but  that  they  would  have  to  return 
them  to  their  port  of  origin  as  super- 
numeraries when  they  return  from  the 
voyage.  Management  points  out  that  this 
is  virtually  a  denial  of  the  right  to  hire 
them  on,  because  no  man  will  hire  on 
unless  he  has  some  prospect  of  employ- 
ment, and  if  he  has  to  be  returned  to  his 
port  of  origin  he  will  not  hire  on.  In  the 
interests  of  properly  operating  the  ships 
and  in  the  interests  of  both  Parties,  having 
regard  to  the  fact  that  the  necessity  of 
hiring  can  only  come  about  by  the  improper 
act  of  some  of  the  Union's  membership  or 
some  other  cause  for  which  the  Companies 
cannot  be  responsible,  we  cannot  do  any- 
thing but  recommend  that  the  Union's 
request  for  altering  this  Section  be  refused, 
and  that  the  contract  be  rewritten  as  in  the 
last  contract. 

The  Union's  twenty-eighth  demand  deals 
with  Section  2  of  Article  III,  and  relates 
to  the  division  of  wage  or  short-handed 
pay  where  a  vessel  sails  short-handed. 
The  present  Section,  where  the  vessel  sails 
short-handed,  permits  the  payment  of  short- 
hand pay,  but  there  is  a  clause  in  that 
contract  which  hoists  it  if  the  vessel  sailing 
short-handed  is  due  to  the  misconduct  of 
any  crew  member.  It  would  seem,  in  view 
of  the  fact  that  this  is  a  Union  shop,  that 
there  is  some  responsibility  on  the  part  of 
the  Union  for  the  acts  of  its  membership. 
It  is  true  that  the  Companies  say  the 
Union  has  been  doing  a  good  job  in  this 
regard,  but  at  the  same  time  we  see  no 
reason  why  that  responsibility  should  not 
continue,  and  it  should  not  be  borne  solely 
by  the  Union  organization  itself,  but  it 
should  be  borne  collectively  by  the  Union 
membership.  Therefore,  we  see  no  reason 
why  this  Section  in  principle  should  be 
amended.  Altogether  aside  from  the  ques- 
tion of  principle,  it  does  not  seem  to  us 
that  there  should  be  a  great  hardship  on 
anyone  perpetrated,  except  perhaps  in  the 
Steward's  Department.  With  regard  to  this 
department,  we  would  be  prepared  to 
recommend  that  this  hoist  clause  do  not 
apply,  and  that  wherever  a  vessel  sails 
short-handed  in  the  Steward's  Department, 
whether  by  reason  of  misconduct  of  any 
of  the  unlicensed  members  of  the  crew  or 


otherwise,  that  there  should  be  short- 
handed  pay  made  to  compensate  the 
Steward's  Department  for  its  extra  work. 

The  Union's  twenty-ninth  demand  deals 
with  Section  2  of  Article  IV.  It  would 
seem  to  us  that  the  present  holiday  plan 
is  reasonable.  We  are  not,  therefore,  pre- 
pared at  this  time  to  recommend  the 
change  as  requested  by  the  Union. 

Concerning  the  Union's  thirtieth  demand, 
there  seems  little  reason  for  the  request 
in  this  regard  to  omit  the  words  "as 
requested  by  the  Union",  and  in  construc- 
tion it  would  add  little  to  the  paragraph, 
except  by  comparison  with  the  old  contract 
where  some  considerable  comment  might 
be  made  on  the  change.  It  seems  to  us 
that  the  carpenter  work,  where  it  is 
required,  is  required  both  at  sea  and  in 
port,  and  we  do  not  feel  that  this  should 
be  changed  at  this  time. 

The  Union's  thirty-first  and  thirty-second 
demands  deal  with  stores  and  the  taking 
and  placing  of  stores,  by  oilers  under  Sec- 
tion 2  and  by  firemen  under  Section  3. 
The  Union  concedes  that  the  oilers  and 
firemen  should  be  expected  to  lend  a  hand 
to  the  taking  and  placing  of  stores  relating 
to  their  Department,  but  that  they  should 
not  have  any  relation  to  the  taking  and 
placing  of  stores  which  have  no  relation- 
ship to  the  engine  room.  It  would  seem 
to  us  that  there  is  very  little  basis  for  this 
argument.  If  men  are  available  in  one 
department,  we  see  no  reason  why  they 
should  not  be  used  to  load  stores  for 
another  department  so  long  as  it  is  not  a 
one  way  street.  We  have  very  little 
patience  with  the  isolation  tendency  to 
refuse  to  work  unless  the  particular  job 
is  the  particular  man's  responsibility.  The 
individual  will  not  gain  by  taking  such  an 
attitude  over  the  long  period,  nor  will  any 
group  of  persons  gain  by  such  an  attitude, 
nor  will  the  Companies  for  which  they 
work  be  able  to  compete  in  the  com- 
petitive market  of  today  if  their  employees 
operate  on  such  a  basis.  We,  therefore, 
cannot  see  our  way  clear  to  make  such  a 
wall  between  the  various  departments 
effective. 

Article  XII  of  this  Agreement,  of  course, 
will  have  to  be  rewritten,  setting  out  the 
appropriate  dates,  if  and  when  the  Parties 
come  together  and  agree  upon  the  terms 
of  the  new  Agreement. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

Dated  at  Picton,  Ontario,  this  7th  day  of 
July,  A.D.  1953. 

(Sgd.)  Wilfrid  S.  Lane, 

Chairman. 

(Sgd.)  T.  R.  Meighen, 

Member. 


1481 


Minority   Report   of   Maurice   Silcoff 

The  Union's  1st  Demand: 
Art.  Ill,  Section  2(a) 

"Increased  wage  scale  by  $50  per  month 
for  all  unlicensed  personnel." 

Serious  consideration  has  been  given  to 
the  fact  that  the  cost  of  living  has  risen 
since  October  15,  1947  to  April  1953  by 
41-7  points,  that  is,  from  142-2  to  183-9. 
The  only  wage  increases  that  were  granted 
since  October  15,  1947,  were  given  in  the 
years  1951  and  1952.  The  total  wage 
increase  for  the  two  years  represent  a 
minimum  wage  increase  of  $15.50  per 
month,  up  to  a  maximum  of  $35  per  month. 
Even  if  we  were  to  assume  that  the  direct 
wage  increases  which  were  granted  in  1951 
and  1952  were  given  in  lieu  of  increase  in 
cost  of  living,  the  seamen  would  still  be 
entitled  to  receive  a  wage  increase  to  at 
least  maintain  their  1947  standard  of  living. 
In  other  words,  it  is  evident  that  there  has 
been  no  full  compensation  given  to  the 
drastic  increased  cost  of  living.  It  is 
clearly  evident  that  not  only  have  the 
seamen  failed  to  keep  up  with  the  increase 
in  cost  of  living,  they,  also,  were  not  given 
the  wherewithal  to  improve  their  living 
standards  since  1947,  although  Canadian 
workers  generally  have  made  substantial 
strides  in  raising  their  standard  of  living. 

On  the  other  hand,  it  is  noted  that  the 
Union  has  co-operated  fully  in  that  the 
employers  have  reduced  the  manning  scale 
in  the  years  1950  and  1951  anywhere  from 
three  to  seven  men,  which  has  resulted  in 
higher  productivity  and  efficiency  by  the 
unlicensed  crew  members,  and  consequently, 
in  reduced   cost  to   the   companies. 

The  companies,  as  represented  by  the 
Shipping  Federation  of  Canada,  have 
acknowledged  the  fact  that  the  morale  and 
the  general  efficiency  and  responsibility  of 
the  seamen  has  considerably  improved 
since  the  Seafarers'  International  Union 
became  the  collective  bargaining  agency  for 
all  unlicensed  personnel.  This  satisfactory 
condition  in  so  vital  an  industry  as  ship- 
ping, cannot  longer  endure  unless  funda- 
mental economic  justice  is  recognized. 

Therefore,  in  view  of  the  increased  cost 
of  living,  as  aforesaid,  and  in  consideration 
of  the  fact  that  the  seamen  are  entitled 
to  the  same  improvement  in  living 
standards  as  has  been  gained  by  employees 
in  industry  generally,  I  find  that  the  Union 
is  fully  justified  in  its  demand  for  the  wage 
increase  which  it  is  seeking. 

However,  in  consideration  of  all  of  the 
adverse  circumstances  which  now  prevail, 
according  to  the  companies'  claim,  and 
which  has  been  ably  explained  during  the 


hearings,  and  in  recognition  of  the  fact  that 
the  morale  and  general  efficiency  of  the 
Canadian  seamen  is  bound  to  deteriorate 
if  the  wage  level  does  not  keep  abreast 
with  the  increase  in  cost  of  living,  and  a 
reasonable  improvement  in  their  standard 
of  living,  I  find  that  all  the  unlicensed 
personnel  should  at  least  be  granted  a  $30 
per  month  increase  in  wages,  retroactive 
to  April  1,  1953. 

The  Union's  2nd  Demand: 
Art.  Ill,  Section  2(b) 

"Increased  standby  wages  from  90  cents 
to  $1.50  per  hour." 

I  am  in  full  accord  with  the  Chairman 
of  the  Board  that  standby  rates  be  in- 
creased from  90  cents  to  $1.20  per  hour. 

The  Union's  3rd  Demand: 
Art.  Ill,  Section  4. 

"Increased  overtime  rate  from  95  cents, 
85  cents  and  75  cents,  to  $1.50,  $1.40  and 
$1.25  per  hour." 

I  agree  with  the  Chairman  of  the  Board 
that  the  present  rates  be  increased  up  to 
$1.20,  $1.10  and  $1  per  hour. 

The  Union's  l^th  Demand: 
Art,  III,  Section  20. 

"Increased  compensation  of  loss  of  prop- 
erty from  $150  to  $250." 

I  recommend  a  $250  compensation  for 
loss  of  property  on  the  same  basis  as  now 
exists. 

The  Union's  5th  Demand: 
Art.  II,  Section  13(c). 

"Increased  compensation  for  short  issue 
of  linen  from  30  cents  and  $2  to  60  cents 
and  $4." 

I  concur  with  the  Chairman's  views  on 
this  matter. 

The  Union's  6th  Demand: 
Art.  II,  Section  18. 

"Increased  meal  allowance  from  $1.25  to 
$2  per  meal,  and  maximum  of  $3.75  to  $6 
per  day." 

I  concur  with  the  Chairman's  views  that 
the  meal  allowance  be  increased  to  $1.60 
per  meal  to  a  maximum  of  $4.50  per  day. 

The  Union's  7th  Demand: 
Art.  II.  Section  19. 
"Increase  85  cents  to  $1.25  per  meal." 
I  am  in  full  agreement  with  the  Chair- 
man that  the  allowance  per  meal  be  not 
less  than  $1.10. 

The  Union's  8th  Demand: 
.Art.  VII,  Section  4. 

"This  section  concerns  'extra  meals'  pay- 
ment of  50  cents  per  meal." 

I  concur  with  the  opinion  of  the  Chair- 
man that  this  matter  be  left  as  heretofore. 


1482 


The  Union's  9th  Demand: 
Art.  VII,  Section  5. 

"This  matter  concerns  the  serving  of  late 
meals  and  the  demand  for  further  com- 
pensation in  serving  such  late  meals." 

I  concur  in  the  decision  taken  by  the 
Chairman. 

The  Union's  10th  Demand  (also  11th,  12th 
and  18th  Demands) : 
Art.  II,  Section  12(d),  Art.  Ill,  Section 
1,  Section  16,  and  Art.  IV,  Section  2(b). 

"The  reduction  of  the  working  hours 
from  56  hours  to  40  hours  per  week." 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  principle  of 
the  40-hour  work  week  has  been  adopted 
for  some  years  now  in  many  major  indus- 
tries in  Canada.  The  Canadian  railways, 
for  example,  which  must  operate  on  a 
7-day  work  basis,  have  also  agreed  that  its 
employees  be  put  on  a  40-hour  work  week. 

The  United  States,  New  Zealand  and 
Australian  merchant  fleets  and  parts  of  the 
Canadian  shipping  industry  are  on  the 
40-hour  work  week  basis. 

To  condone  the  shipping  industry  to 
carry  on  its  normal  work  on  a  7-day  week 
basis,  without  considering  the  sacrifices 
made  by  the  employees  so  engaged,  is 
rather  unfair,  to  say  the  least,  in  the  light 
of  the  40-hour  work  principle  which  is  now 
in  effect  in  major  sections  of  Canadian 
industry.  The  trend  is  unquestionably 
towards  the  reduced  40-hour  work  week, 
and  its  eventual  universal  adoption  by  all 
Canadian  industries  is  generally  conceded. 
The  Canadian  shipping  industry  should  not 
be  an  exception  to  the  general  betterment 
in  so  far  as  hours  of  labour  is  concerned. 


The  40-hour  work  week,  in  fact,  is  part 
of  and  constitutes  our  Canadian  standard 
of  living — our  Canadian  way  of  life. 

However,  the  financial  cost  involved  in 
introducing  the  40-hour  work  week  by  the 
shipping  companies  is  a  matter  that 
deserves  careful  consideration.  While  I  am 
in  full  accord  with  the  principle  of  the 
40-hour  work  week,  nevertheless,  and  in 
view  of  all  the  circumstances  as  outlined 
at  the  hearings,  and  in  order  to  avoid  an 
immediate  drastic  change  in  the  work  hours 
that  may  cause  some  inconvenience,  I 
recommend  that  the  principle  of  the  40- 
hour  work  week  now  be  established,  but 
that  it  be  implemented  in  the  following 
manner: — 

That  the  present  work  week  of  56  hours 
be  reduced  to  a  48-hour  per  week  basis  as 
of  April  1,  1953,  the  renewal  date  of  this 
contract,  and  that  at  the  anniversary  date 
of  this  agreement,  on  April  1,  1954,  the 
hours  of  work  be  further  reduced  from  48 
hours  per  week  to  40  hours  per  week  basis. 

In  respect  to  the  following  demands  as 
outlined  by  the  Union,  namely  DEMANDS 
Nos.  14,  15,  16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24, 
25,  26,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31  and  32: 

I  am  in  agreement  with  the  recommenda- 
tions of  the  Chairman  of  the  Conciliation 
Board  in  respect  to  the  demands  above- 
mentioned,  that  is,  from  Demand  No.  14 
to  Demand  No.  32,  inclusive. 
Respectfully  submitted, 

(Sgd.)  Maurice  Silcoff, 
Member  of  the 
Conciliation  Board. 
Montreal,  August  10,  1953. 


Report  of  Board  in  Dispute  between 

Canada  Steamship  Lines  Limited 

and 

Seafarers'  International  Union  of  North  America, 

Canadian  District 


The  Board,  Mr.  Eric  G.  Taylor,  Chair- 
man, Mr.  Joseph  Sedgwick,  QC,  Nominee 
of  the  Employer,  and  Mr.  Lucien  Tremblay, 
Nominee  of  the  Union,  sat  for  the  hearing 
of  this  matter  at  Montreal,  Quebec,  on  the 
9th  and  10th  days  of  June  1953,  at  Toronto, 
Ontario,  on  the  15th  day  of  June  1953. 
The  Chairman  of  the  Board  met  with  the 
parties  at  Montreal,  Quebec,  on  the  30th 
day  of  July  1953.  A  quorum  of  the  Board, 
the    Chairman    and    the    Nominee    of    the 


Union,  sat  for  a  further  hearing  of  the 
matter  at  Toronto,  Ontario,  on  the  5th 
day  of  August  1953.  The  members  of  the 
Board  conferred  respecting  this  matter  at 
Toronto,  Ontario,  on  the  18th  day  of  June 
1953  and  on  the  6th  day  of  August  1953. 

There  appeared  for  the  Employer:  Mr. 
N.  T.  Berry,  QC  and  Mr.  J.  C.  Lewtas, 
of  Counsel  for  the  Employer,  Mr.  W. 
Dunkerley,  Personnel  Supervisor,  Mr.  A. 
Baxter,  Operating  Manager,  and  the  follow- 


1483 


On  August  24,  the  Minister  of  Labour 
received  the  majority  and  minority 
reports  of  the  Board  of  Conciliation  and 
Investigation  appointed  to  deal  with  a 
dispute  between  the  Seafarers'  Interna- 
tional Union  of  North  America,  Cana- 
dian District,  and  Canada  Steamship 
Lines  Limited,  Montreal. 

The  Board  was  under  the  chairman- 
ship of  Eric  G.  Taylor  of  Toronto,  who 
was  appointed  by  the  Minister  in  the 
absence  of  a  joint  recommendation 
from  the  other  two  members  of  the 
Board.  The  nominee  of  the  company 
was  Joseph  Sedgwick,  QC,  Toronto, 
and  the  union  nominee  was  Lucien 
Trembla3r,  Montreal. 

The  majority  report,  which  under  the 
provisions  of  the  Industrial  Relations 
and  Disputes  Investigation  Act  con- 
stitutes the  report  of  the  Board,  was 
signed  by  the  Chairman  and  Mr.  Sedg- 
wick. The  minority  report  was  sub- 
mitted by  Mr.  Lucien  Tremblay. 

The  texts  of  the  majority  and 
minority  reports  are  reproduced  here- 
with. 


ing  members  of  the  Employer's  Bargaining 
Committee:  Mr.  J.  N.  McWatters,  Mr. 
J.  D.  Leitch,  Mr.  T.  J.  Houtman,  and  Mr. 
I.  McEwen. 

There  appeared  for  the  Union:  Mr.  H.  C. 
Banks,  International  Vice-President,  Mr.  D. 
Deeley,  Secretary-Treasurer,  and  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Bargaining  Committee  of  the 
Union  as  follows:  Mr.  E.  Hughes,  Chair- 
man, Mr.  M.  Pierotti,  Mr.  H.  George,  Mr. 
F.  McLennon,  Mr.  L.  McLaughlin,  Mr.  D. 
Gagnon  and  Mr.  T.  Burton. 

There  are  involved  in  this  dispute  1,100 
employees  of  the  Employer,  known  as 
"unlicensed  personnel",  who  are  engaged  in 
the  navigation  and  operation  of  the 
Employer's  vessels. 

This  dispute  arose  out  of  the  failure  of 
the  parties  to  agree  upon  the  amendments 
to  be  made  to  a  Collective  Agreement 
which  expired  on  31st  January  1953.  The 
matters  in  issue  referred  to  the  Board  were 
43  amendments  requested  by  the  Union  and 
1  amendment  requested  by  the  Employer. 
The  summary  of  its  demands  made  by  the 
Union  in  its  brief,  was  as  follows: — 

1.  A  wage  increase  of  Fifty  Dollars  per 
month. 

2.  Reduction  of  working  hours  to  Forty 
Hours  per  week. 

3.  Certain  changes  in  working  conditions. 
The      amendment      requested      by     the 

Employer   had    to    do    with    an    aspect    of 


Union  Security  which  was  one  of  the  issues 
listed  by  the  Union  under  the  heading 
"Certain  changes  in  working  conditions". 
In  view  of  the  positions  taken  by  the 
parties,  in  the  presence  of  the  Board,  with 
respect  to  all  but  three  of  the  matters  in 
issue,  we  refrain  from  setting  forth  herein 
details  of  the  44  amendments  requested  by 
them. 

The  Board  regrets  to  report  that  it  failed 
to  effect  agreement  between  the  parties  to 
this  dispute.  However  it  is  pleased  to 
report  that  some  progress  was  made  toward 
agreement  between  them. 

At  an  early  stage  in  these  proceedings, 
there  was  mutual  recognition  by  the  parties 
and  the  Board  that  the  cardinal  issues  were 
Hours  of  Work  and  Wages.  Several  pro- 
posals and  counter  proposals  for  the  settle- 
ment of  these  issues  were  discussed  but 
although  tentative  agreement  was  reached 
on  some  points,  there  was  finally  a  stale- 
mate. 

Both  parties  were  prepared  to  renew  the 
former  Collective  Agreement  for  a  term  of 
two  years  from  31st  January  1953,  save  and 
except  the  amendments  made  necessary  by 
virtue  of  any  understanding  which  might 
be  reached  between  them  concerning  Hours 
of  Work  and  Wages.  Therefore  the  recom- 
mendations in  this  report  are  confined  to 
these  matters  only. 

In  the  opinion  of  the  Board  it  is  its 
duty  to  consider  the  interest  of  the  com- 
munity when  expressing  an  opinion  regard- 
ing these  issues.  It  believes  therefore  that 
its  report  should  not  be  designed  at  the 
expense  of  the  public  interest  to  strengthen 
the  position  of  either  of  the  parties,  in  the 
event  the  union  engages  in  a  lawful  strike 
or  the  employer  embarks  upon  a  lawful 
lockout.  Rather,  in  the  hope  of  avoiding 
a  breach,  its  report  should  contain  recom- 
mendations which  merit  the  serious  con- 
sideration of  both  parties  to  the  dispute 
and  which  are  capable  of  acceptance. 

Hours  of  Work 

The  present  work  week  is  one  of  56 
hours'  duration  consisting  of  seven  days 
of  8  hours  each.  The  normal  working  day 
is  one  of  8  hours.  Work  beyond  8  hours 
a  day  is  paid  for  at  overtime  rates  which 
vary  for  the  several  classifications  covered 
by  the  agreement  and  range  from  80  cents 
up  to  $1  per  hour.  This  is  the  only 
arrangement  at  present  in  effect  for  over- 
time work,  and  is  indeed  the  only  arrange- 
ment possible.  The  conditions  of  employ- 
ment therefore  are  that  the  employees  work 
as  required  every  day  in  the  week — the 
cook  must  cook  each  day,  the  oiler  must 
oil,  the  watchman  or  lookout  must  be  on 


1484 


duty,  these  being  necessary  incidents  of 
the  operation  of  a  ship.  The  parties  by 
agreement  have  an  arrangement  that  some 
duties,  notably  those  pertaining  to  main- 
tenance, are  not  regularly  performed  on 
Saturdays  and  Sundays. 

The  Union  took  the  position  that  all 
work  performed  on  Saturdays  and  Sundays 
should  be  considered  as  work  beyond  the 
normal  working  week  and  demanded  the 
establishment  of  a  40  hour  week;  however 
the  Union  conceded  that  there  was  no 
alternative  to  the  continuance  of  the 
present  56  hour  week  of  actual  operations 
but  argued  that  work  performed  beyond 
40  hours  should  be  paid  for  at  overtime 
rates.  In  effect  this  demand  alone  repre- 
sented an  increase  in  earnings  ranging  from 
$90  to  $104  a  month  for  the  various  classi- 
fications, quite  apart  from  the  Union's  wage 
demands. 

The  Company  contended  that  the 
monthly  salary  of  each  employee,  while 
not  including  compensation  for  work  per- 
formed beyond  the  normal  working  day  of 
8  hours,  did  include  payment  for  work 
normally  required  to  be  performed  on 
Saturdays  and  Sundays;  and  that  any  addi- 
tional payment  for  Saturday  or  Sunday 
work  must  be  considered  as  a  bonus  or  a 
premium  payment.  The  Company  also 
argued  (and  the  Union  agreed)  that  the 
establishment  of  a  40  hour  week  was 
impracticable  because  the  crew  accommo- 
dation on  the  ships  is  already  taxed  to  its 
reasonable  limits.  The  Company  conceded 
that  the  Union's  demand  for  recognition 
of  a  shorter  working  week  than  the  present 
56  hours  (which  is  made  necessary  by 
virtue  of  the  nature  of  maritime  opera- 
tions) was  consistent  with  the  demands 
made  by  unions  representing  employees  in 
industrial  establishments.  However  it  drew 
a  distinction  between  shipping  and  other 
industries  in  that  the  granting  of  the 
demand  involved  other  considerations 
peculiar  to  this  industry  where  the  opera- 
tions of  a  ship  are,  and  must  be,  con- 
tinuous. The  Company  recognized  that  the 
normal  working  week  prevailing  in  industry 
generally  was  less  than  56  hours. 

In  the  presence  of  the  Board  and  in 
accord  with  the  foregoing  both  parties 
•conceded  that  the  recognition  of  a  normal 
working  week  of  40  hours  was  actually  the 
establishment  of  a  working  period  beyond 
which  premium  payments  would  be  paid. 
They  also  agreed  that  a  reduction  from 
56  to  40  hours  would  be  arrived  at  in 
stages  as  follows: — 

The  normal  working  week  for  the  pur- 
pose of  computing  premium  payments  to 
become    48    hours    effective    September    1, 


1953;  44  hours  effective  April  1,  1954  and 
40  hours  effective  August  1,  1954.  While 
there  was  agreem'ent  as  to  the  schedule 
of  reductions  set  out  above,  there  was  a 
genuine  difference  of  opinion  respecting  the 
compensation  to  be  paid  to  the  employees 
for  work  beyond  the  48,  44  and  40  hour 
periods  respectively. 

The  Board  is  of  opinion  that  in  this 
particular  industry  work  performed  on 
Saturdays  and  Sundays  is  not  overtime 
work  in  the  generally  accepted  sense  of 
that  phrase  and  particularly  is  not  over- 
time work  in  the  same  sense  that  work 
performed  beyond  8  hours  in  any  one  day 
is  considered  as  overtime  by  the  parties 
themselves,  and  consequently  holds  that 
there  should  be  a  distinction  between  the 
punitive  payment  for  daily  overtime  and 
the  premium  payment  for  work  performed 
on  Saturdays  and  Sundays. 

For  example,  one  cannot  in  reason 
impose  a  punitive  payment  for  a  cook 
aboard  a  ship  cooking  on  Sunday,  as  he 
must  cook  on  Sunday  if  the  crew  is  to  be 
fed,'and  it  is  in  keeping  with  his  accepted 
conditions  of  employment.  The  ordinary 
alternative  to  a  punitive  payment  is  the 
cessation  of  the  activity,  which  in  this 
instance  could  not  occur. 

The  Board  recommends: — 

(a)  the  establishment  of  a  normal  work- 
ing week  for  the  purpose  of  computing 
premium  payments  thus: 

Effective  September  1,  1953 48  hours 

Effective  April  1,  1954 44  hours 

Effective  August  1,  1954 40  hours 

(b)  payment  of  time  and  a  half  the 
straight  time  rate  for  all  work  performed 
beyond  the  normal  working  week  as  estab- 
lished from  time  to  time  in  accordance 
with  the  above. 

The  effect  of  this  recommendation  on  the 
earning  of  the  employees  in  the  several 
classifications  is  set  out  in  detail  as 
follows: — 

Wages 

The  Union  also  demanded  a  general  wage 
increase  of  $50  a  month  effective  on  the 
expiry  date  of  the  former  contract,  i.e. 
January  31,  1953,  which  together  with  its 
hours  of  work  demand  would  have  meant 
increases  ranging  from  $140  to  $154  a 
month. 

The  Company  refused  to  consider  a  large 
increase  in  addition  to  an  hours-of-work 
adjustment,  but  indicated  a  willingness  to 
grant  one  or  the  other. 

The  Board  is  of  the  opinion  that  its 
recommendation  with  respect  to  hours  of 
work  constitutes   a  recommendation  for  a 


79025—6 


1485 


wage  increase,  in  view  of  the  circum- 
stances outlined.  It  will  be  noted  from  the 
table  set  forth  above  that  these  increases 
range  from  $25.80  per  month  in  the  case 
of  the  porter  to  $40.12  for  first  cook. 

We  considered  that  the  general  wage 
increases  reflected  by  these  amounts  are 
fair  and  reasonable,  and  should  be  accepted 
by  the  parties  as  such;  they  do  not  how- 
ever make  any  allowance  for  the  Union's 
demand  for  a  wage  increase  effective  from 
the  expiry  date  of  the  former  agreement, 
nor  are  they  consistent  with  the  traditional 
practice  in  this  industry  of  making  wage 
increases  effective  for  the  full  navigational 
season.  Therefore  as  the  initial  wage 
increase  recommended  perforce  cannot 
become  effective  until  September  1,  1953, 
in  lieu  thereof  as  a  reasonable  recompense 
the  Board  recommends  as  follows: — 

1.  All  employees  in  the  employ  of  the 
employer  as  of  September  1,  1953,  who 
have  been  regularly  employed  since  the 
opening  of  navigation  to  be  paid  the  sum 
of  $100. 

2.  All  employees  in  the  employ  of  the 
employer  as  of  September  1,  1953,  who 
entered  such  employment  after  the  open- 
ing of  navigation  to  be  paid  a  -pro-rata 
amount  based  on  their  length  of  employ- 
ment. 

3.  All  employees  laid  off  for  lack  of  work 
prior  to  September  1,  1953,  to  be  paid  a 
pro-rata  amount  based  on  the  length  of 
their  employment. 

The  foregoing  recommendations  as  to  the 
issues  of  hours  of  work  and  wages  are  made 
in  the  light  of  the  Board's  understanding 
that  the  parties  to  this  dispute  are  pre- 
pared to  renew  their  former  collective 
agreement  for  a  period  of  two  years  from 
January  31,  1953,  save  and  except  revisions 
respecting  these  matters. 


All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 
Toronto,  August  22,  1953. 

(Sgd.)  Eric  G.  Taylor, 

Chairman. 
(Sgd.)  Joseph  Sedgwick, 
Nominee  of  the 
Employer. 

Minority  Report  of  Lucien  Tremblay 

I,  the  undersigned,  member  of  the  Con- 
ciliation Board  set  up  to  discuss  the 
dispute  between  Canada  Steamship  Lines 
and  Seafarers'  International  Union  of  North 
America,  Canadian  District,  wish  to  make 
the  following  recommendations: — • 

1.  A  wage  increase  of  Forty  Dollars  ($40) 
per  month  retroactive  to  March  1,  1953. 

2.  Immediate  reduction  of  the  work  week 
to  Forty  (40)  Hours,  with  overtime  rates 
paid  for  all  hours  worked  in  excess  of 
Forty   (40)    Hours  per  week. 

3.  The  following  changes  of  the  existing 
contract,  as  indicated  on  the  next  and 
following  pages: 

Changes  in   the  Existing  Agreement 

1.  Section  4. 

Changed  title  to:  "Employment  and 
Union  Check-off". 

2.  Section  4(a). 

Amended:  "Companies  agree"  to 
"Company  agrees". 

3.  Section  4(a). 

Deleted  second  part  of  this  paragraph 
in  existing  agreement. 

Added:  "The  Company  agrees  to 
deduct  and  remit  to  the  Union,  all 
dues,  initiation  fees  and  assessments; 
as  may  be  established  from  time  to* 
time,  according  to  the  records  of  the 
Union.  The  Union  agrees  to  tender 
to  the  Company  each  month,  a  state- 
ment of  account  for  all  unlicensed 
personnel  employed  on  the  Com- 
pany's ships". 


Category 

Present 
Basic 

Monthly 
Earnings 

Total 

Monthly 

Earnings 

Sept.  1/53 

(48  hr.week) 

Increase 

Total 

Monthly 

Earnings 

Mar.  1/54 

(44  hr.week) 

Increase 

Total 

Monthly 

Earnings 

Aug.  1/54 

(40  hr.week) 

$ 

Increase 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

First  Cook  (Upper  Laker).. 

280.00 

300.06 

20.06 

310.09 

30.09 

320.12 

40.12. 

First  Cook  (Canaller) 

270.00 

289.35 

19.35 

299.03 

29.03 

308.70 

38.70 

Wheelsman  and  Oiler 

230.00 

246.49 

16.49 

254.74 

24.74 

262.98 

32.98 

Watchman  or  Look  Out 

205.00 

219.68 

14.68 

227.03 

22.03 

234.37 

29.37 

Deckhand,  Coal  Passer  and 
Messman 

190.00 

203.61 

13.61 

210.41 

20.41 

217.22 

27.22. 

220.00 
200.00 
180.00 

235.76 
214.34 

192.90 

15.76 
14.34 
12.90 

243.64 
221.51 
199.35 

23.64 
21.51 
19.35 

251.52 

228.68 
205.80 

31.52 

28.68 

25.8ft 

1486 


4.  Section  6.    Port  Committee. 
Substituted     "Thorold"     for     "Port 

Colborne". 

5.  Section  10. 

Changed  title  to :  "Vacations  with  Pay". 

6.  Section  10(b). 

Deleted  original  paragraph  in  existing 
agreement  and 

Added  in  its  place: 
"Considering  shorter  periods  of  ser- 
vice, all  unlicensed  shall  likewise  be 
entitled  to  one  (1)  day's  basic  pay 
for  each  day  worked,  in  lieu  of  vaca- 
tions during  the  season." 

7.  Section  13.    Holidays. 

Added  the  words  "Saturday  or"  before 
"Sunday". 

8.  Section  14(a).    Cleanliness  of  Quarters. 
Deleted     the     words     "in     so     far     as 

possible". 

9.  Section  14(b). 

New  paragraph  additional  to  existing 
agreement  reading: — 
"The  Company  agrees  to  undertake 
at  least  once  every  year  to  re-paint 
crew's  quarters  in  a  light  colour  (the 
date  of  such  painting  is  to  be 
stencilled  on  the  bulk-head  of  each 
compartment).  The  unlicensed  per- 
sonnel shall  keep  said  such  painting 
etc.,  during  the  interval  between 
annual  paintings". 

10.  Section  14(c). 

New  paragraph  additional  to  existing 
agreement  reading: — 
"Seamen  are,  in  their  own  time,  to 
make  their  bunks  and  keep  their 
quarters  and  lockers  clean  and  tidy. 
The  said  quarters  shall  be  thoroughly 
cleaned  at  least  once  a  week." 

11.  Section  15(c).    Other  Conveniences. 
New  Items  and  Changes  to  this  para- 
graph as  under: — 

"Two  hand  and  two  bath  towels 
which  shall  be  changed  weekly  upon 
the  return  of  previously  issued 
towels". 

12.  Section  15(e). 

"Bunk  lights  and  bunk  curtains." 

13.  Section  15(f). 

"Spring-filled  mattresses  and  suitable 
pillows." 

14.  Section  15(g). 

"Electric  fans  in  all  foc'sles  and  mess- 
rooms  if  no  other  form  of  mechanical 
ventilation  is  provided." 

15.  Section  16. 

Changed  title  to:  "Meals  and  Meal 
Hours". 


16.  Section  16(a).. 

"Meals  served  to  the  unlicensed  per- 
sonnel shall  be  the  same  as  those 
served  to  the  Officers." 

17.  Section  16(b). 

"Fresh  fruit  in  season  shall  be  supplied 
each  day.  When  fresh  fruit  is  not 
available,  fruit  juices  shall  be 
supplied." 

18.  Section  16(c). 

"Fresh  milk  shall  be  supplied  to  the 
unlicensed  personnel." 

19.  Section  17. 

Altered  to :  Time  shall  be  allowed  off 
for  coffee.  Night  lunch  consisting  of 
sufficient  cold  meats,  etc.,  and  coffee, 
shall  be  made  available  to  all 
unlicensed  personnel." 

20.  Section  18.     Travelling. 

Increased  subsistence  rate  from  $3  to 
$6  a  day. 

21.  Section  19.    Room  and  Meal  Allowance. 
Increased  Meal  allowance  from  75  cents 

to  $1.25  per  meal. 

22.  Section  20.    Return  to  Port  of  Signing. 
Added:  "Transportation      and      subsis- 
tence" after  the  word  "wages". 

23.  Section  23.     Tank  Cleaning. 
Altered  to  read: — 

"When  employees  are  required  to 
clean  tanks,  bilges  and  engine-room 
tank  tops,  they  shall  be  paid,  when 
on  watch,  at  the  regular  overtime 
rate  and  the  watch  below  shall 
receive  time  and  one-half  for  the 
same  work.  If  watches  are  broken, 
regular  overtime  shall  be  paid  for 
such  work  performed  between  the 
hours  of  8:00  a.m.  and  5:00  p.m. 
Monday  through  Friday.  On  Satur- 
days, Sundays  and  holidays  and  after 
5:00  p.m.  and  before  8:00  a.m. 
Monday  through  Friday,  the  men 
shall  receive  time  and  one-half 
overtime." 

24.  Section  24. 

Changed  title  to:  "Hours  of  Work  and 
Wages." 

25.  Section  24(a) 

New  paragraph  additional  to  existing 
agreement  reading: — 
(a)  "Hours  of  Work.  The  hours  of 
work  for  unlicensed  personnel  covered 
by  this  Agreement  shall  be  forty  (40) 
hours  per  week,  Monday  through 
Friday.  All  work  performed  in  excess 
of  forty  (40)  hours  per  week  shall  be 
paid  for  at  the  regular  overtime  rates 
except  as  provided  for  elsewhere  in 
this  Agreement." 


79025—6^ 


1487 


26.  Section  24(b). 

Substituted  the  words  "thirty  day"  for 
"calendar." 

27.  Section  24.    "Wages". 

Increased  by  $40  per  month  for  all 
unlicensed  personnel. 

28.  Section  24(c). 

Increased  "$10"  to  "$15"  for  self- 
unloaders. 

29.  Section  24(c). 

Increased  tunnelmen's  wages  by  $40  per 
month. 

30.  Section  24(d). 

New  paragraph  additional  to  existing 
agreement  reading: — 
(d)  "A  statement  of  wages  covering 
all  earnings  and  deductions  for  the 
period  concerned  shall  be  issued  to 
each  unlicensed  member  of  the  crew 
at  the  time  of  each  pay-off," 

31.  Section  26(a).    Overtime  and  Hours  of 

Work. 
Increased  rates  from  "$1,  90  cents  and 
80  cents"  to  "$1.50,  $1.40  and  $1.30 
per  hour." 

32.  Section  26(b). 

Deleted  the  word  "any"  before  "24" 
and  Added  the  words  "midnight  to 
midnight"  after  "24". 

33.  Section  26(e). 

Deleted  original  paragraph  in  existing 
paragraph  and  Added  new  paragraph 
reading: — 

"No  work  except  for  the  safe  naviga- 
tion of  the  vessel  is  to  be  done  after 
5:00  p.m.  and  before  8:00  a.m. 
Monday  through  Friday." 

34.  Section  26(f). 

Deleted  second  and  third  parts  of  this 
paragraph  in  existing  agreement. 

35.  Section  26(g). 

Amended  the  words  "without  full  com- 
plement" to  "without  its  full  un- 
licensed complement"  and  Added 
"Unlicensed"  before  the  word  "men" 
in  the  second  line. 

36.  Section  29. 
Altered  to  read: — 

"When  unlicensed  personnel  are 
required  to  perform  any  work  usually 
done  by  longshoremen,  such  as 
operating  cargo  winches  for  the  pur- 
pose of  loading  or  unloading  cargo, 
or  the  movement  of  floating  loading 
machines  such  as  floating  jack- 
ladders,  etc.,  or  the  handling  of 
cargo,  they  shall  be  paid  in  addition 
to  their  regular  wages,  the  overtime 
rates  as  laid  down  in  this  agreement." 

37.  Section  31. 

New  Section  additional  to  existing 
agreement  reading: — 


''Penalty  Cargoes 

(a)  When  members  of  the  unlicensed 
personnel  are  required  to  clean  holds 
in  which  penalty  cargo  has  been 
carried,  they  shall  be  paid  for  such 
work,  in  addition  to  their  regular 
wages,  at  the  rate  of  straight  over- 
time for  the  watch  on  deck,  and 
overtime  and  one-half  for  the  watch 
below. 

(b)  For  the  purpose  of  paragraph  (a) 
'the  following  shall  be  considered 
penalty  cargoes:  in  bulk,  arsenic, 
bones,  caustic  soda,  cement,  chloride 
of  lime,  lampblack  or  carbon  black, 
sulphur,  raw  manure,  soda  ash,  bone 
meal  or  potash;  also  green  hides  in 
bags  or  bundles." 

38.  Section  32.    Fit  Out  and  Lay  Up. 
Deleted  the  words  "and  five  (5)  hours 

on  Saturday"  and  Added  the  word 
"Saturdays"  Before  "Sundays". 

39.  Section  33. 

New    Section    additional     to     existing 
agreement  reading: — 

"Marine  Disaster 

Any  member  of  the  unlicensed  per- 
sonnel who  suffers  loss  of  clothing 
and  personal  effects  through  marine 
disaster  or  shipwreck  shall  be  com- 
pensated by  the  payment  of  two 
hundred  and  fifty  dollars   ($250)." 

40.  Section  34.     Transportation. 
Added  the  words: 

"With  berth  when  travelling  by 
night"  after  the  word  "transportation" 
in  two  places  and  Substituted  the 
words  "served  on"  in  place  of 
"returned  to." 

41.  Section  35. 

New    Section    additional    to     existing 
agreement  reading: — 

"Welfare  Plan 

A  welfare  plan  as  outlined  by  the 
Union  during  the  conciliation  sessions 
shall  be  set  up  to  be  administered  by 
the  Union  and  shall  consist  of  moneys 
paid  into  a  fund  on  the  following 
basis:  The  Company  agrees  to  pay 
into  the  fund  the  sum  of  ten  cents 
(lOtf)  per  day  for  every  day  that  each 
member  of  the  unlicensed  personnel 
covered  by  this  Agreement  is 
employed  on  the  Company's  vessels. 
This  money  is  to  be  forwarded  to 
Union  Headquarters  at  the  comple- 
tion of  each  man's  employment  or, 
at  least,  thirty  days  thereafter." 


1488 


42.  Section  37. 

New    Section    additional 
agreement  reading: — 


to     existing 


"Barges 

Members  of  unlicensed  personnel 
employed  on  barges  operated  by  the 
Company  are  hereby  declared  to  be 
included  in  and  governed  by  this 
agreement,  subject  to  the  special 
terms  and  conditions  applicable  as 
heretofore." 


43.  Section  38.    Duration. 
Change  in  Dates: 
The  preceding  recommendations  are 
for      one-year      contract      to      begin 
February  1,  1953  and  expire  January 
31,  1954. 
Signed    in    Montreal    this    Seventh    day 
of  August  1953. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

(Sgd.)  Lucien  Tremblay, 
Union  Arbitrator. 


Report  of  Board  in  Dispute  between 

Colonial  Steamships  Limited;  N.  M.  Paterson  &  Sons, 

Limited;  Upper  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence  Transportation  Company 

Limited 

and 

Seafarers'  International  Union  of  North  America, 

Canadian  District 


The  Board,  Mr.  Eric  G.  Taylor, 
Chairman,  Mr.  Joseph  Sedgwick,  QC, 
Nominee  of  the  Employers,  and  Mr. 
Lucien  Tremblay,  Nominee  of  the  Union, 
sat  for  the  hearing  of  this  matter  at 
Toronto,  Ontario,  on  the  15th  day  of  June, 
1953.  The  Chairman  of  the  Board  met 
with  the  parties  at  Montreal,  Quebec,  on 
the  30th  day  of  July,  1953.  A  quorum  of 
the  Board,  the  Chairman  and  the  Nominee 
of  the  Union,  sat  for  a  further  hearing 
of  the  matter  at  Toronto,  Ontario,  on  the 
5th  day  of  August  1953.  The  members  of 
the  Board  conferred  respecting  this  matter 
at  Toronto,  Ontario,  on  the  18th  day  of 
June  1953  and  on  the  6th  day  of  August 
1953. 

There  appeared  for  the  Employers:  Mr. 
N.  T.  Berry,  QC,  and  Mr.  J.  C.  Lewtas, 
of  Counsel  for  the  Employers,  and  the 
following  members  of  the  Employers'  Bar- 
gaining Committee:  Mr.  J.  N.  McWatters, 
Mr.  J.  D.  Leitch,  Mr.  T.  J.  Houtman,  Mr. 
I.  McEwen  and  Mr.  W.  Dunkerley. 

There  appeared  for  the  Union:  Mr.  H.  C. 
Banks,  International  Vice-President,  Mr.  D. 
Deeley,  Secretary-Treasurer,  and  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Bargaining  Committee  of  the 
Union  as  follows:  Mr.  E.  Hughes,  Chair- 
man, Mr.  M.  Pierotti,  Mr.  H.  George,  Mr. 
F.  McLennon,  Mr.  L.  McLaughlin,  Mr.  D. 
Gagnon  and  Mr.  T.  Burton. 

There  are  involved  in  this  dispute  all  of 
the  employees  of  the  Employers,  known  as 


On  August  24,  the  Minister  of  Labour 
received  the  majority  and  minority 
reports  of  the  Board  of  Conciliation 
and  Investigation  appointed  to  deal 
with  a  dispute  between  the  Seafarers' 
International  Union  of  North  America, 
Canadian  District,  and  (1)  Colonial 
Steamships  Limited;  (2)  N.  M.  Pater- 
son &  Sons,  Limited;  (3)  Upper  Lakes 
&  St.  Lawrence  Transportation  Com- 
pany Limited. 

The  Board  was  under  the  chairman- 
ship of  Eric  G.  Taylor  of  Toronto,  who 
was  appointed  by  the  Minister  in  the 
absence  of  a  joint  recommendation  from 
the  other  two  members  of  the  Board. 
The  nominee  of  the  company  was 
Joseph  Sedgwick,  QC,  Toronto,  and  the 
union  nominee  was  Lucien  Tremblay, 
Montreal. 

The  majority  report,  which  under  the 
provisions  of  the  Industrial  Relations 
and  Disputes  Investigation  Act  con- 
stitutes the  report  of  the  Board,  was 
signed  by  the  Chairman  and  Mr.  Sedg- 
wick. The  minority  report  was  sub- 
mitted by  Lucien  Tremblay. 

The  texts  of  the  majority  and 
minority  reports  are  reproduced  here- 
with. 


"unlicensed  personnel",  engaged  in  the 
navigation  and  operation  of  the  Employers' 
vessels. 

This  dispute  arose  out  of  the  failure  of 
the  parties  to  agree  upon  the  amendments 


1489 


to  be  made  to  Collective  Agreements  which 
expired  on  31st  January  1953,  15th  March 
1953,  17th  March  1953.  The  matters  in 
issue  referred  to  the  Board  were  43  amend- 
ments requested  by  the  Union  and  one 
amendment  requested  by  the  Employers. 
The  summary  of  its  demands  made  by  the 
Union  in  its  brief,  was  as  follows: — 

1.  A  wage  increase  of  Fifty  Dollars  per 
month. 

2.  Reduction  of  working  hours  to  Forty 
Hours  per  week. 

3.  Certain  changes  in  working  conditions. 
The      amendment      requested      by      the 

Employers  had  to  do  with  an  aspect  of 
Union  Security  which  was  one  of  the  issues 
listed  by  the  Union  under  the  heading 
"Certain  changes  in  working  conditions". 
In  view  of  the  positions  taken  by  the 
parties,  in  the  presence  of  the  Board,  with 
respect  to  all  but  three  of  the  matters  in 
issue,  we  refrain  from  setting  forth  herein 
details  of  the  44  amendments  requested  by 
them. 

The  Board  regrets  to  report  that  it 
failed  to  effect  agreement  between  the 
parties  to  this  dispute.  However  it  is 
pleased  to  report  that  some  progress  was 
made  toward  agreement  between  them. 

At  an  early  stage  in  these  proceedings, 
there  was  mutual  recognition  by  the  parties 
and  the  Board  that  the  cardinal  issues  were 
Hours  of  Work  and  Wages.  Several  pro- 
posals and  counter  proposals  for  the  settle- 
ment of  these  issues  were  discussed  but 
although  tentative  agreement  was  reached 
on  some  points,  there  was  finally  a 
stalemate. 

Both  parties  were  prepared  to  renew  the 
former  Collective  Agreement  for  a  term 
of  two  years  from  31st  January  1953,  save 
and  except  the  amendments  made  neces- 
sary by  virtue  of  any  understanding  which 
might  be  reached  between  them  concerning 
Hours  of  Work  and  Wages.  Therefore  the 
recommendations  in  this  report  are  confined 
to  these  matters  only. 

In  the  opinion  of  the  Board  it  is  its 
duty  to  consider  the  interest  of  the 
community  when  expressing  an  opinion 
regarding  these  issues.  It  believes  there- 
fore that  its  report  should  not  be  designed 
at  the  expense  of  the  public  interest  to 
strengthen  the  position  of  either  of  the 
parties,  in  the  event  the  union  engages  in 
a  lawful  strike  or  the  employers  embark 
upon  a  lawful  lockout.  Rather,  in  the  hope 
of  avoiding  a  breach,  its  report  should 
contain  recommendations  which  merit  the 
serious  consideration  of  both  parties  to  the 
dispute  and  which  are  capable  of  acceptance. 


Hours  of  Work: 

The  present  work  week  is  one  of  56  hours 
duration  consisting  of  seven  days  of  8  hours 
each.  The  normal  working  day  is  one  of 
8  hours.  Work  beyond  8  hours  a  day  is 
paid  for  at  overtime  rates  which  vary  for 
the  several  classifications  covered  by  the 
agreement  and  range  from  80  cents  up  to 
$1  per  hour.  This  is  the  only  arrangement 
at  present  in  effect  for  overtime  work,  and 
is  indeed  the  only  arrangement  possible. 
The  conditions  of  employment  therefore 
are  that  the  employees  work  as  required 
every  day  in  the  week — the  cook  must  cook 
each  day,  the  oiler  must  oil,  the  watchman 
or  lookout  must  be  on  duty,  these  being 
necessary  incidents  of  the  operation  of  a 
ship.  The  parties  by  agreement  have  an 
arrangement  that  some  duties,  notably  those 
pertaining  to  maintenance,  are  not  regu- 
larly performed  on  Saturdays  and  Sundays. 

The  Union  took  the  position  that  all 
work  performed  on  Saturdays  and  Sundays 
should  be  considered  as  work  beyond  the 
normal  working  week  and  demanded  the 
establishment  of  a  40  hour  week;  however, 
the  Union  conceded  that  there  was  no 
alternative  to  the  continuance  of  the 
present  56  hour  week  of  actual  operations 
but  argued  that  work  performed  beyond 
40  hours  should  be  paid  for  at  overtime 
rates.  In  effect  this  demand  alone  repre- 
sented an  increase  in  earnings  ranging  from 
$90  to  $104  a  month  for  the  various  classi- 
fications, quite  apart  from  the  Union's  wage 
demands. 

The  Companies  contended  that  the 
monthly  salary  of  each  employee,  while  not 
including  compensation  for  work  performed 
beyond  the  normal  working  day  of  8  hours, 
did  include  payment  for  work  normally 
required  to  be  performed  on  Saturdays  and 
Sundays;  and  that  any  additional  payment 
for  Saturday  or  Sunday  work  must  be  con- 
sidered as  a  bonus  or  a  premium  payment. 
The  Companies  also  argued  (and  the 
Union  agreed)  that  the  establishment  of  a 
40  hour  week  was  impracticable  becau-o 
the  crew  accommodation  on  the  ships  is 
already  taxed  to  its  reasonable  limits.  The 
Companies  conceded  that  the  Union's 
demand  for  recognition  of  a  shorter  work- 
ing week  than  the  present  56  hours  (which 
is  made  necessary  by  virtue  of  the  nature 
of  maritime  operations)  was  consistent  with 
the  demands  made  by  unions  representing 
employees  in  industrial  establishments. 
However  it  drew  a  distinction  between 
shipping  and  other  industries  in  that  the 
granting  of  the  demand  involved  other 
considerations  peculiar  to  this  industry 
where   the    operations   of   a   ship    are.   and 


1490 


must  be,  continuous.  The  Companies 
recognized  that  the  normal  working  week 
prevailing  in  industry  generally  was  less 
than  56  hours. 

In  the  presence  of  the  Board  and  in 
accord  with  the  foregoing  both  parties 
conceded  that  the  recognition  of  a  normal 
working  week  of  40  hours  was  actually  the 
establishment  of  a  working  period  beyond 
which  premium  payments  would  be  paid. 
They  also  agreed  that  a  reduction  from  56 
to  40  hours  would  be  arrived  at  in  stages 
as  follows: — 

The  normal  working  week  for  the  pur- 
pose of  computing  premium  payments  to 
become  48  hours  effective  September  1, 
1953;  44  hours  effective  April  1,  1954  and 
40  hours  effective  August  1,  1954.  While 
there  was  agreement  as  to  the  schedule  of 
reductions  set  out  above  there  was  a 
genuine  difference  of  opinion  respecting  the 
compensation  to  be  paid  to  the  employees 
for  work  beyond  the  48,  44  and  40  hour 
periods  respectively. 

The  Board  is  of  the  opinion  that  in  this 
particular  industry  work  performed  on 
Saturdays  and  Sundays  is  not  overtime 
work  in  the  generally  accepted  sense  of 
that  phrase  and  particularly  is  not  over- 
time work  in  the  same  sense  that  work 
performed  beyond  8  hours  in  any  one  day 
is   considered   as   overtime   by   the   parties 


themselves,  and  consequently  holds  that 
there  should  be  a  distinction  between  the 
punitive  payments  for  daily  overtime  and 
the  premium  payment  for  work  performed 
on  Saturdays  and  Sundays. 

For  example,  one  cannot  in  reason 
impose  a  punitive  payment  for  a  cook 
aboard  a  ship  cooking  on  Sunday,  as  he 
must  cook  on  Sunday  if  the  crew  is  to  be 
fed,  and  it  is  in  keeping  with  his  accepted 
conditions  of  employment.  The  ordinary 
alternative  to  a  punitive  payment  is  the 
cessation  of  the  activity,  which  in  this 
instance  could  not  occur. 

The  Board  recommends: — 

(a)  the  establishment  of  a  normal  work- 
ing week  for  the  purpose  of  computing 
premium  payments  thus: 

Effective  September  1,  1953 48  hours 

Effective  April  1,  1954 44  hours 

Effective  August  1,  1954 40  hours 

(b)  payment  of  time  and  a  half  the 
straight  time  rate  for  all  work  performed 
beyond  the  normal  working  week  as  estab- 
lished from  time  to  time  in  accordance  with 
the  above. 

The  effect  of  this  recommendation  on 
the  earning  of  the  employees  in  the  several 
classifications  is  set  out  in  detail  as 
follows: — 


Category 

Present 
Basic 
Monthly- 
Earnings 

Total 
Monthly- 
Earnings 
Sept.  1/53 
(48  hr.week) 

Increase 

Total 
Monthly- 
Earnings 
Mar.  1/54 
(44  hr.week) 

Increase 

Total 
Monthly- 
Earnings 
Aug.  1/54 
(40  hr.week) 

Increase 

$ 

$ 

S 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

First  Cook  (Upper  Laker).. 

230.00 

300.06 

20.06 

310.09 

30.09 

320.12 

40.12 

First  Cook  (Canaller) 

270.00 

289.35 

19.35 

299.03 

29.03 

308.70 

38.70 

Wheelsman  and  Oiler 

230.00 

246.49 

16.49 

254.74 

24.74 

262.98 

32.98 

Watchman  or  Look  Out 

205.00 

219.68 

14.63 

227.03 

22.03 

234.37 

29.37 

Deckhand,  Coal  Passer  and 

190.00 
220.00 
200.00 

203.61 
235.76 
214.34 

13.61 
15.76 
14.34 

210.41 
243.64 
221.51 

20.41 
23.64 
21.51 

217.22 
251.52 

228.68 

27.22 

31.52 

Second  Cook 

28.68 

Porter 

180.00 

192.90 

12.90 

199.35 

19.35 

205.80 

25.80 

Wages 

The  Union  also  demanded  a  general  wage 
increase  of  $50  a  month  effective  on  the 
expiry  date  of  the  former  contract,  i.e. 
January  31,  1953,  which  together  with  its 
hours  of  work  demand  would  have  meant 
increases  ranging  from  $140  to  $154  a 
month. 

The  Companies  refused  to  consider  a 
wage  increase  in  addition  to  an  hours  of 
work  adjustment,  but  indicated  a  willing- 
ness to  grant  one  or  the  other. 


The  Board  is  of  the  opinion  that  its 
recommendation  with  respect  to  hours  of 
work  constitutes  a  recommendation  for  a 
wage  increase,  in  view  of  the  circumstances 
outlined.  It  will  be  noted  from  the  table 
set  forth  above  that  these  increases  range 
from  $25.80  per  month  in  the  case  of  the 
porter  to  $40.12  for  first  cook. 

We  considered  that  the  general  wage 
increases  reflected  by  these  amounts  are 
fair  and  reasonable,  and  should  be  accepted 
by  the  parties  as  such;  they  do  not  how- 


1491 


ever  make  any  allowance  for  the  Union's 
demand  for  a  wage  increase  effective  from 
the  expiry  date  of  the  former  agreement, 
nor  are  they  consistent  with  the  traditional 
practice  in  this  industry  of  making  wage 
increases  effective  for  the  full  navigational 
season.  Therefore  as  the  initial  wage 
increase  recommended  perforce  cannot 
become  effective  until  Septemer  1,  1953, 
in  lieu  thereof  as  a  reasonable  recompense 
the  Board  recommends  as  follows: — 

1.  All  employees  in  the  employ  of  the 
employers  as  of  September  1,  1953,  who 
have  been  regularly  employed  since  the 
opening  of  navigation  to  be  paid  the  sum 
of  $100. 

2.  All  employees  in  the  employ  of  the 
employers  as  of  September  1,  1953,  who 
entered  such  employment  after  the  open- 
ing of  navigation  to  be  paid  a  -pro-rata 
amount  based  on  their  length  of  employ- 
ment. 


3.  All  employees  laid  off  for  lack  of  work 
prior  to  September  1,  1953,  to  be  paid  a 
pro-rata  amount  based  on  the  length  of 
their  employment. 

The  foregoing  recommendations  as  to  the 
issues  of  hours  of  work  and  wages  are  made 
in  the  light  of  the  Board's  understanding 
that  the  parties  to  this  dispute  are  pre- 
pared to  renew  their  former  collective 
agreement  for  a  period  of  two  years  from 
January  31,  1953,  save  and  except  revisions 
respecting  these  matters. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

Toronto,  August  22,  1953. 

(Sgd.)  Eric  G.  Taylor, 

Chairman. 

(Sgd.)  Joseph  Sedgwick, 
Nominee  of  the 
Employers. 


Minority  Report  of  Lucien  Tremblay 

CANADIAN  NATIONAL  TELEGRAPHS 

1953  AUG  18     AM  11  26 
TN081      23-FD  MONTREAL  QUE 

18     1045A— 

ERIC  TAYLOR 

24  BLYTHDALE  RD 

KINDLY  BE  ADVISED  REPORT  PRESENTED  CANADA  STEAMSHIP  LINES 

VERSUS  SEAFARERS  INTERNATIONAL  UNION  ALSO  APPLIES  FOR 

SECOND  CONCILIATION  BOARD  CONCERNING  COLONIAL  PATERSON 

ET  AL 

LUCIEN  TREMBLAY 

(For  Mr.  Tremblay's  report  referred  to  in  the  above  telegram  see  p.  1486.) 


Report  of  Board  in  Dispute  between 

National  Harbours  Board,  Quebec 

and 

Brotherhood  of  Railway  and  Steamship  Clerks,  Freight 

Handlers,  Express  and  Station  Employees 


August  15,  1953. 
The  Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  M.P., 
Minister  of  Labour, 
Ottawa,  Ontario. 

Dear  Sir: 

The  Board  of  Conciliation  and  Investi- 
gation appointed  under  the  provisions  of 
the  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act  in  the  matter  of  a 
dispute    between    the    National    Harbours 


Board,  Quebec,  and  the  Brotherhood  of 
Railway  and  Steamship  Clerks,  Freight 
Handlers,  Express  and  Station  Employees, 
was  composed  of  the  Hon.  Justice  Oscar  L. 
Boulanger,  Michael  Rubinstein,  nominee  of 
the  Union,  and  Mr.  Jean  Turgeon,  nominee 
of  the  Employer. 

Having  heard  and  examined  the  repre- 
sentations of  the  parties  to  the  dispute. 
the  Board  is  now  pleased  to  report  as 
follows : — 


1492 


The  dispute  arises  from  a  demand  by 
the  Brotherhood  for  revisions  in  the 
collective  agreements  between  the  parties. 
The  Board  has  been  advised  that  the 
parties  have  reached  an  understanding  on 
a  number  of  proposed  revisions.  The 
remaining  matters  in  dispute  are  the 
following  demands  by  the  Brotherhood: 

(a)  A  five  day  40-hour  work  week  with 
no  decrease  in  take-home  pay,  effec- 
tive January  1,  1953. 

(b)  A  general  increase  of  30  cents  per 
hour  in  all  rates  of  pay,  effective 
November  1,  1952,  and  also  to  bring 
the  Quebec  rates  more  in  line  with 
the  rates  paid  by  the  National 
Harbours  Board  of  Montreal. 

(c)  A  compulsory  check-off  of  Union 
dues  for  all  employees  covered  by 
the  collective  agreements  between 
the  parties. 

The  40-Hour  Week 

The  Union  submits  that  the  40-hour 
week  is  now  in  effect  in  many  industries, 
including  the  Canadian  Railways  and  the 
lakehead  elevators.  The  Employer  sub- 
mits that  the  high  intensity  of  work  during 
the  navigation  season,  as  is  evidenced  by 
the  number  of  hours  of  overtime  work, 
would  make  a  40-hour  week  impracticable 
during  that  season.  Nevertheless,  the 
Employer  expressed  readiness  to  consider 
the  introduction  of  a  40-hour  week  during 
the  non-navigation  season,  provided  that  a 
reasonable  agreement  is  reached  in  respect 
of  basic  wage  increases. 

The  Board  recognizes  the  fact  that  the 
40-hour  week  is  becoming  more  widespread 
in  industry,  including  public  utilities,  but  it 
also  recognizes  the  special  features  of  the 
operations  of  the  National  Harbours  Board. 
Accordingly,  it  recommends  that  at  this 
stage  the  collective  agreements  between 
the  parties  be  amended  to  provide  for  the 
40-hour  week  during  the  non-navigation 
season,  that  is,  from  approximately  the 
first  week  of  December  to  approximately 
the  middle  of  April,  effective  December 
1953. 

Rates  of  Pay 
The  Union  submits  that  rates  of  pay 
under  the  existing  agreements  are  out  of 
line  with  the  rates  for  similar  operations 
in  related  industries,  and,  further,  that  the 
cost  of  living  and  increased  productivity 
are  additional  factors  warranting  the  pro- 
posed increase.  The  Employer,  on  the 
other  hand,  submits  that  existing  rates  are 
not  out  of  line  and  points  to  a  reduction 
of  approximately  4  per  cent  in  the  cost- 
of-living  index  between  December  1,  1951, 


On  August  17,  1953,  the  Minister  of 
Labour  received,  the  unanimous  report 
of  the  Board  of  Conciliation  and 
Investigation  appointed  to  deal  with 
matters  in  dispute  between  the  Brother- 
hood of  Railway  and  Steamship  Clerks, 
Freight  Handlers,  Express  and  Station 
Employees  and  National  Harbours 
Board,  Quebec. 

The  Board  was  under  the  chairman- 
ship of  the  Hon.  Mr.  Justice  0.  L. 
Boulanger,  Quebec,  who  was  appointed 
by  the  Minister  in  the  absence  of  a 
joint  recommendation  from  the  other 
two  members  of  the  Board.  The 
nominee  of  the  company  was  Jean 
Turgeon,  QC,  Quebec,  and  the  union 
nominee  was  Michael  Rubinstein,  Mont- 
real. 

The  text  of  the  Board's  report  is 
reproduced  herewith. 


and  May  1,  1953.  The  Board  however  has 
also  been  advised  that  since  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  brief  by  the  National  Harbours 
Board,  the  cost  of  living  has  again  risen 
in  the  months  of  May  and  June,  and  there 
are  no  signs  of  an  immediate  tendency  for 
a  decrease  in  the  cost  of  living. 

Having  examined  comparable  rates  of 
pay  and  having  regard  to  its  recommenda- 
tion that  the  40-hour  work  week  be 
introduced  in  the  non-navigation  season, 
the  Board  recommends  as  follows: — 

(a)  That  the  duration  of  the  collective 
agreements  between  the  parties  be 
extended  to  November   1,   1954; 

(b)  That  effective  November  1,  1952, 
the  hourly  rate  for  labourers  of  all 
classifications  in  the  elevators  and 
outside  be  increased  to  $1.10  per 
hour.  That  effective  January  1, 
1954,  the  hourly  rates  of  the  said 
iemployees  be  increased  by  an  addi- 
tional 2  per  cent  as  further  com- 
pensation for  the  introduction  of  the 
40-hour  week  in  the  non-navigating 
season.  The  above  increases  to 
apply  to  employees  who  are  presently 
in  the  employ  of  the  National 
Harbours  Board  and  to  those  who 
have  retired  on  pension  during  the 
period  covered  by  the  increase.  The 
increase  in  the  hourly  rates  of  pay 
for  watchmen  and  caretakers  should 
correspond  to  the  foregoing  increases ; 

(c)  As  regards  the  tradesmen  and  other 
classifications,  the  Board  recommends 
that  the  rates  of  pay  established  by 
the  Department  of  Labour  in  its 
correction  sheet  number  11,  dated  at 
Ottawa      July      31,      1953,      entitled 


79025—7 


1493 


"Applicable  to  Department  of  Labour 
minimum  wage  scales  1953,"  which 
on  page  3  applies  to  Quebec  City 
and  Zone,  etc.,  should  apply  to  the 
tradesmen  employed  by  the  National 
Harbours  Board  of  Quebec.  The 
Board  notes  that  the  rate  for  the 
tradesmen  established  by  the  Depart- 
ment of  Labour  in  the  above  docu- 
ment is  approximately  $1.40  to  $1.45. 
The  latter  rate,  the  Board  believes, 
would  reduce  to  some  extent  the 
present  great  disparity  between  the 
rates  paid  by  the  National  Harbours 
Board  of  Montreal  and  the  National 
Harbours  Board  of  Quebec,  and  the 
disparity  between  the  rates  paid  to 
the  labourers  and  the  rates  paid  to 
the  tradesmen.  The  rates  of  pay  for 
helpers  in  the  same  trades  should  be 
increased  correspondingly. 

Union  Dues  Check-off 

The  Union  demands  a  compulsory  check- 
off of  regular  Union  dues  from  all 
employees,  whether  or  not  they  are 
members  of  the  Union,  on  the  ground  that 
all  employees  are  beneficiaries  of  Union 
action  and  should,  therefore,  contribute 
towards  the  expense  involved.  It  points 
out  further  that  this  practice  has  now 
been  introduced  by  the  Canadian  railways 
as  well  as  other  employers. 

The  Union  has  abandoned  its  demand 
for  a  union  shop,  and  consequently  it  asks 
for  the  application  of  the  Rand  formula, 
as  established  by  the  Hon.  Mr.  Justice 
Rand  in  his  decision  of  the  Ford  Motor 
Car  Company  of  Canada  and  United  Auto- 
mobile Workers  of  America,  published  in 
the  Labour  Gazette  for  January  1946. 


The  Board  is  of  the  opinion  that  con- 
sidering the  present  trend  in  industry,  the 
application  of  the  Rand  formula  to  the 
National  Harbours  Board  is  justified.  In 
accordance  with  the  Industrial  Relations 
and  Disputes  Investigation  Act,  chapter  54, 
11-12  Geo.  VI,  articles  6,  7,  8  and  9,  which 
Act  is  applicable  in  the  present  case,  the 
Union  once  it  is  certified  becomes  the 
bargaining  agent  for  all  employees  without 
exception  whether  they  are  members  of 
the  Union  or  not.  All  the  employees 
become  the  beneficiaries  of  the  improve- 
ments in  the  working  conditions  obtained 
by  the  Union.  The  Board  consequently 
is  of  the  opinion  that  it  is  no  more  than 
right  that  all  employees  contribute  to  the 
cost  of  negotiations  from  which  they  bene- 
fited. To  decide  otherwise  would  be  unjust 
and  would  cause  discrimination  against  the 
Union  members  who  bear  the  burden  of 
these  costs  in  favour  of  those  employees 
who  accept  its  benefits  at  the  expense  of 
the  others. 

The  Board  consequently  recommends  that 
the  existing  collective  agreements  between 
the  parties  be  amended  accordingly  to 
provide  for.  a  check-off  of  normal  union 
dues  which  shall  be  irrevocable  during  the 
term  of  the  said  agreements,  unless  there 
are  serious  reasons  of  government  policy 
to  the  contrary. 

The  whole  respectfully  submitted. 

(Sgd.)  0.  L.  Boulanger, 
Chairman. 

(Sgd.)  Michael  Rubinstein, 
Member. 

(Sgd.)  Jean  Turgeon, 
Member. 


Canadian  Railway  Board  of  Adjustment  No.  1 

Releases  Decisions  in  Six  Recent  Cases 


The  Canadian  Railway  Board  of  Adjust- 
ment No.  1  has  released  its  decisions  in 
two  cases  heard  January  13,  1953,  two 
heard  April  14,  1953,  and  two,  June  9,  1953. 

The  six  disputes  concerned:  a  conductor- 
pilot's  claim  for  a  minimum  day  (100 
miles)  when  deadheading;  the  claims  of 
six  conductors  for  a  total  of  2,300  miles 
for  run-arounds  during  a  three-month 
period;  a  station  agent's  claim  for  pay- 
ment of  overtime  for  time  worked  during 
meal  hours;    the   claim   of  five  yard   fore- 


men and  four  helpers  for  four  days'  pay 
during  the  1950  railway  strike;  the  use  of 
porters  as  parlour  car  conductors  and 
parlour  car  attendants;  and  the  claim  of 
a  fireman  for  payment  for  time  he  was 
detained  at  a  station. 

The  Board  sustained  the  employees' 
claims  ■  in  three  cases,  partially  sustained 
the  claims  in  another  and  rejected  them 
in  the  remaining  two. 

The  six  disputes  are  summarized  below. 


1494 


Case  No.  632 — Dispute  between  Cana- 
dian National  Railways  (Western  Region) 
and  the  Brotherhood  of  Railroad  Trainmen 
concerning  a  conductor-pilot's  claim  for 
100  road  miles  while  deadheading. 

A  conductor  assigned  as  conductor-pilot 
of  a  pile  driver  was  deadheaded  on  two 
separate  trains  on  the  return  trip  to  his 
home  terminal.  A  rule  in  the  Order  of 
Railway  Conductors'  Schedule  states  that 
"conductors  deadheading  or  travelling 
passenger  will  be  paid  at  the  same  rates 
and  mileage  as  earned  by  the  corre- 
sponding conductor  working  the  train  on 
which  they  travel." 

For  the  portion  of  the  run  that  the 
conductor-pilot  deadheaded  on  the  first 
train  he  was  paid  actual  mileage;  there 
was  no  dispute  regarding  this  portion.  For 
the  portion  of  the  trip  on  which  he  dead- 
headed on  the  second  train  he  was  again 
paid  actual  mileage  (42  miles) ;  he  claimed 
payment  for  an  additional  58  miles  to  make 
up  the  100  miles  constituting  a  minimum 
day  and  earned  by  the  corresponding 
conductor  on  the  second  train. 

The  company  argued  that  under  Case 
No.  500,  the  Canadian  Railway  Board  of 
Adjustment  No.  1  established  the  prin- 
ciple that  only  actual  road  miles  should 
be  paid  for  deadheading.  It  was  further 
pointed  out  that  the  "minimum  day"  pay 
applies  only  to  through  and  irregular 
freight,  local  freight  and  mixed  train 
service  and  was  not  applicable  in  this 
particular  case. 

After  hearing  further  oral  evidence  from 
both  parties,  the  Board  decided  to  sustain 
the  employees'  claim. 

Case  No.  633 — Dispute  between  Cana- 
dian National  Railways  (Western  Region) 
and  the  Brotherhood  of  Railroad  Trainmen 
concerning  a  claim  by  six  conductors  for 
2,300  miles  for  run-arounds  during  three- 
month  period. 

A  total  of  23  claims,  each  for  100  miles, 
on  behalf  of  six  conductors  for  run-arounds 
during  January,  February  and  March  1951 
was  submitted  by  the  Brotherhood  on 
February  16,  1952.  Payment  was  declined 
by  the  management. 

The  employees  argued  that  on  February 
12,  1952,  the  railway  management  and  the 
general  chairman  of  the  Brotherhood 
agreed  that  only  the  claims  already  sub- 
mitted and  referred  to  would  be  dealt 
with  and  as  the  23  claims  had  previously 
been  submitted  to  each  conductor's  respec- 
tive superior  officer  they  should  be  paid. 

The  company  pointed  out  that  in  a 
similar  case,  the  Brotherhood  and  the 
railway  had  agreed,  on  February  12,  1952, 
in   a   joint   submission   to   the   Board,   that 


the  railway  would  pay  the  claims  then 
under  discussion  on  the  undertsanding  that 
no  further  claims  would  be  based  on  the 
bulletin  in  question.  The  company  noted 
that  the  present  claims  were  not  submitted 
until  February  16,  1952.  Further,  the 
company  argued,  under  Article  5,  Rule  55 
of  a  Memorandum  of  Agreement  signed 
March  21,  1951,  which  became  effective 
May  1,  1951,  both  the  Brotherhood  and 
the  railway  had  agreed  that  appeals  from 
the  rejection  of  claims  must  be  submitted 
within  60  days  from  the  date  of  notifica- 
tion of  the  rejection. 

After  hearing  further  oral  evidence  from 
both  parties,  the  Board  declined  to 
sustain  the  employees'  claim. 

Case  No.  634 — Dispute  between  Cana- 
dian National  Railways  (Atlantic  Region) 
and  the  Order  of  Railroad  Telegraphers 
concerning  the  claim  of  a  station  agent  for 
the  payment  of  overtime  for  time  worked 
during  meal  hours. 

On  November  21,  1951,  the  agent  at 
St.  Simeon,  Que.,  was  ordered  by  the 
railway  superintendent  to  meet  a  train 
arriving  at  12:47  p.m.  His  regularly 
assigned  meal  hour  was  12  noon  to  1:00 
p.m.  Although  he  protested,  he  complied 
with  instructions  and  claimed  regular  rail- 
way overtime  rates  of  pay  for  meal  hour 
periods  during  which  he  gave  service. 
Payment  was  refused. 

He  has  continued  to  give  the  services 
required,  but  under  protest. 

The  telegraphers'  organization  claimed 
that  the  agent  was  required  to  perform 
these  services  at  the  request  of  the  super- 
intendent and  that  Article  10  of  the 
current  telegraphers'  agreement  provides 
that  such  employees  receive  one  hour's 
pay  at  pro  rata  rates  when  obliged  to 
work  during  their  meal  periods.  Article  10 
further  provides  that  such  compensation 
will  not  be  available  when  the  services 
are  rendered  for  express  or  commercial 
telegraph  business.  In  this  instance  the 
employees  argued  that  the  work  performed 
came  within  the  supervision  of  the  railway 
superintendent,  i.e.,  was  not  express  or 
commercial  telegraph  business. 

The  company  contended  that  the  work 
performed  was  covered  by  the  provisions 
of  agreements  made  between  agents  and 
the  railway  express  companies  and  that 
such  services  were  compensated  for  on  a 
commission  basis.  The  company  further 
added  that  the  railway  express  companies 
are  operated  as  departments  of  the  rail- 
roads and  that  their  instructions  to  agents 
are  relayed  through  the  railway  super- 
intendents. 


79025— 7i 


1495 


Upon  hearing  additional  evidence  from 
both  parties,  the  Board  sustained  the 
employees'  contention,  noting  that  the 
agent  had  performed  work  for  the  railway 
other  than  the  handling  of  express  ship- 
ments during  his  meal  hour. 

Case  No.  635 — Dispute  between  Cana- 
dian Pacific  Railway  (Prairie  Region)  and 
the  Brotherhood  of  Railroad  Trainmen 
concerning  the  claim  of  five  yard  foremen 
and  four  helpers  for  four  days'  pay  during 
1950  railway  strike  because  a  consignee  was 
allowed  to  move  31  cars,  work  normally 
performed  by  yard   crews. 

During  the  work  stoppage  on  Canadian 
railways  in  August  1950,  a  consignee  who 
feared  his  operations  would  be  seriously 
affected  unless  he  received  freight 
addressed  to  him  was  allowed  to  move, 
by  using  a  tractor  and  cables,  31  cars 
to  a  place  within  yard  limits  where  they 
could  be  unloaded  onto  trucks  and,  after 
they  were  unloaded,  to  move  them  to 
other  tracks. 

The  employees  contended  that  the  com- 
pany should  have  called  yardmen  to 
perform  the  switching  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  a  clause  in  the  contract. 
The  moving  of  cars  in  a  terminal  by 
anyone  other  than  those  who  hold  seniority 
there  is  a  violation  of  the  clause,  they 
declared. 

Five  yard  foremen  and  four  helpers 
submitted  claims  for  pay  for  the  four  days 
it  took  the  contractor  to  complete  the 
switching  and  unloading. 

Although  the  railway  management  "con- 
sidered these  claims  most  unreasonable 
under  the  circumstances  existing  at  the 
time,"  it  agreed  to  pay  claims  "submitted 
by  one  crew."  Before  the  Board  the 
company  asserted  that  the  offer  meant 
payment  of  one  crew  for  one  day,  point- 
ing out  that  had  a  yard  crew  done  the 
work  performed  by  the  contractor  it  would 
have  been  completed  in  not  more  than 
three  hours.  The  union,  however,  took  it 
to  mean  payment  of  one  crew  for  four 
days. 

The  Board  ruled  that  one  foreman  and 
two  helpers  be  paid  one  day's  pay. 

Case  No.  636 — Dispute  between  Cana- 
dian Pacific  Railway  Company  (Depart- 
ment of  Sleeping,  Dining,  Parlour  Cars 
and  News  Service)  and  the  Order  of 
Railway  Conductors  concerning  the  use  of 
porters  as  parlour  car  conductors  and 
parlour  car  attendants. 

The  Order  of  Railway  Conductors  and 
the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company 
differed  on  the  manning  of  parlour  cars. 
The   Order   took   the   position  that,  under 


the  contract,  parlour  car  conductors  or 
parlour  car  attendants  must  be  used  on 
all  parlour  cars  in  service,  as  distinguished 
from  sleeping  cars  in  parlour  car  service 
and  buffet-parlour  cars  in  buffet  service. 
The  Company  took  the  position  that  there 
is  no  contractual  obligation  to  use  parlour 
car  attendants  on  parlour  cars  and  that 
these  cars  may  be  manned  by  either 
parlour  car  conductors,  parlour  car 
attendants  or  porters. 

The  employees  pointed  out  that  an 
article  of  the  agreement  established  rates 
of  pay  for  sleeping  car  conductors, 
parlour  car  conductors  and  parlour  car 
attendants  and  further  noted  that  another 
article  stated  that: — 

Parlour  Car  Conductors  do  not  hold  rights 
as  Sleeping  Car  Conductors  until  they 
qualify  for  such  position  and  will  rate  as 
Sleeping  Car  Conductors  only  from  the  date 
of  qualifying.  In  the  event  of  reduction 
of  staff,  the  exercising  of  seniority  by 
Sleeping  Car  Conductors  as  Parlour  Car 
Conductors  will  be  governed  by  length  of 
service  as  Conductors. 

The  company  argued  that  since  it  began 
operating  parlour  cars,  it  had  been 
"standard  practice"  to  man  them  with 
either  parlour  car  attendants,  parlour  car 
conductors  or  parlour  car  porters.  It 
stated  that  to  permit  the  Order  of  Rail- 
way Conductors  to  operate  all  "straight 
parlour  cars"  would  place  the  company  in 
the  position  of  favouring  one  class  of 
employees  to  the  detriment  of  the  porters 
who  had  operated  parlour  cars  for  more 
than  40  years. 

After  the  submission  of  further  written 
and  oral  evidence  by  both  parties,  the 
Board  sustained  the  employees'  conten- 
tion. The  Board  noted  that  certain 
employees  not  holding  rights  as  conductors 
and  attendants  have  been  employed  as 
porters  and  have  thereby  established  "a 
moral  claim"  to  continue  at  such  work  if 
they  so  desire  and  that  they  may  continue 
to  work  in  such  a  capacity  until  they 
exercise  their  seniority  to  accept  work 
other  than  as  porters. 

Case  No.  637 — Dispute  between  Cana- 
dian Pacific  Railway  (Prairie  Region)  and 
the  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Firemen 
and  Enginemen  concerning  a  fireman's 
claim  for  payment  of  "detention"  for  time 
his  train  was  detained  at  an  intermediate 
station. 

When  a  fireman  submitted  a  claim  for 
payment  for  time  his  train  was  detained 
at  a  station,  a  dispute  arose  over  the 
interpretation  of  an  article  in  the  schedule. 
The  article  is  as  follows: — 


1496 


Final  terminal  delay  in  all  classes  of  road 
service,  other  than  passenger,  will  start  to 
accrue  when  train  is  first  stopped  after 
reaching  terminal  and  will  end  thirty 
minutes  after  engine  is  placed  on  designated 
shop  track.  Should  train  be  delayed  at 
semaphore,  yard  limit  board,  or  behind 
another  train  similarly  delayed  on  account 
of  yard  being  congested  or  other  condi- 
tions which  make  it  impossible  for  the 
train  to  be  taken  in  promptly,  detention 
will  be  paid. 

The  employees  contended  that  the  article 
provides  for  payment  of  detention  when 
trains  are  ordered  to  await  at  a  side 
track  before  reaching  the  final  terminal 
because  the  terminal  yard  is  congested. 
The  company  contended  that  the  clause 
refers  to  final  terminal  delay  only  and  has 
"no  reference  whatever"  to  any  delay 
encountered  on  the  road. 


The  fireman  submitted  a  claim  for 
payment  for  3  hours  and  40  minutes  final 
terminal  delay  after  his  train  was  delayed 
2  hours  and  30  minutes  at  a  station  18.2 
miles  from  the  final  terminal  because  of 
traffic  congestion.  The  railway  pointed  out 
that  this  station  is  an  intermediate 
station  and  thus  the  time  the  train  was 
held  there  is  included  in  road  time.  Had 
the  delay  caused  the  crew  to  accumulate 
road  time  in  excess  of  the  laid-down 
maximum  they  would  have  been  entitled 
to  overtime  pay.  In  this  case  the  road 
time,  including  the  delay,  did  not  exceed 
the  maximum. 

The  Board  declined  to  sustain  the 
employee's  contention. 


National  Planning  Association  Sees  Need  for  Policies 

to  Assure  More  Effective  Use  of  U.S.  Manpower 


Manpower:  The  Nation's  First  Resource, 
an  over-all  review  of  the  manpower  out- 
look in  the  United  States,  released  by  the 
National  Planning  Association,  calls  atten- 
tion to  the  acuteness  of  the  problem  and 
points  up  the  need  for  new  national 
policies  to  assure  more  effective  use  of  the 
nation's  increasingly  shallow  pool  of  prop- 
erly skilled  and  trained  manpower,  and  to 
improve  the  nation's  educational  facilities. 

The  situation  will  continue  critical 
throughout  the  1950's,  the  NPA  committee 
states  in  its  64-page  report.  "These  are 
the  years  when  the  thin  generation,  the 
small  number  of  children  born  in  the 
depths  of  the  depression,  is  coming  of  age." 

If  the  country  is  to  avoid  dangerous 
wastes  of  manpower,  the  most  valuable 
resource  in  a  free  society,  re-examination 
of  policy  on  a  wide  range  of  issues  is 
required,  it  says — on  recruitment,  draft, 
training,  deferment  and  reserve  problems 
of  military  manpower;  on  upgrading  the 
nation's  educational,  training  and  employ- 
ment opportunities  and  the  health  of  its 
citizens;  on  plans  for  all-out  defence 
mobilization. 

The  manpower  problems  will  not  be 
solved,  the  committee  emphasizes,  even 
when  the  "bumper  baby  crops"  of  the 
1940's  make  more  young  people  available 
for  military  service,  college  training  and 
critical  occupations.  Modern  society 
requires  trained  people,  yet  the  analysis 
shows  that  there  are  not  only  too  few 
college-trained  people  but  too  few  teachers, 
too  few  highly-trained  technicians  carrying 
on  basic  research,  and  too  little  "blue 
collar"  training  in  industrial  skills. 


The  committee's  concern  is  highlighted 
by  a  comparison  with  Russian  attitudes 
on  manpower.  The  Russians,  it  says,  are 
placing  major  emphasis  on  the  training  of 
technological  personnel,  some  of  the  results 
of  which  are  "impressive". 

From  its  survey  of  United  States  man- 
power needs,  policies  now  in  effect  and 
suggestions  made  by  both  private  and 
public  groups,  the  committee  underscores 
some  of  the  questions  on  both  short-term 
and  long-range  manpower  policy  as 
"priority  matters  for  public  discussion". 
These  include:  draft  deferment  rules; 
recall  of  military  reserves;  under-employ- 
ment  of  existing  capacities  and  skills; 
college  training  for  students  of  top  ability; 
and  civilian  reserve. 

Rosters  are  already  being  made  up  of 
engineers  and  scientists  for  emergency  uses, 
says  the  report,  and  suggests  a  similar 
roster  of  "generalists"  with  civilian  govern- 
ment experience  who  have  exhibited  out- 
standing skills  "as  a  core  of  governmental 
competence  ready  for  the  call  of  a  new 
emergency". 

On  under-employment  of  existing  capa- 
cities and  skills,  the  committee  said  the 
use  of  men  and  women  in  jobs  below  their 
existing  capacities  is  "no  less  wasteful  .  .  . 
than  complete  unemployment".  The  report 
suggests  campaigns  to  train  physically- 
handicapped  and  to  provide  greater  educa- 
tional opportunities  in  areas  where  fewer 
young  people  go  on  to  higher  education. 

The  committee  was  headed  by  David  J. 
Winton,  a  member  of  the  NPA's  board 
of  trustees. 


1497 


I^ollective    Agreements 
and    Wage    Schedules 


Recent  Collective  Agreements 


Mining 

Iron  Mining — Steep  Rock  Lake,  Ont. — 
Steep  Rock  Iron  Mines  Limited  and 
United  Steelworkers  of  America,  Local 
8466. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  February 
1,  1953,  to  January  31,  1954,  and  thereafter 
from  year  to  year,   subject  to   notice. 

Check-off:  the  company  will  deduct  monthly 
from  the  pay  of  each  employee  who  is  or 
during  the  currency  of  the  agreement 
becomes  a  member  of  the  bargaining  unit 
his  union  dues  and  remit  same  to  the  union. 
An  employee  shall  have  the  right  to  require 
the  union  to  refund  his  first  deduction  from 
his  pay  and  to  cease  making  further  deduc- 
tions for  union  dues  provided  that  notice 
is  given  the  union,  with  a  duplicate  to  the 
company,  within  15  days  of  such  deduction; 
the  company,  in  accordance  with  such  notice, 
shall  cease  making  any  further  deductions 
until  directed  by  the  employee  to  reinstate 
such  deductions  from  his  pay.  The  check-off 
is  subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  "Rand 
Formula"  with  respect  to  penalties  for 
unauthorized  strikes  and  picketing. 

Hours:  8  per  day;  for  the  periods  Feb- 
ruary 1  to  May  3,  1953,  and  November  1, 
1953,  to  January  31,  1954,  an  average  of  44 
hours  per  week  (40  hours  one  week  and  48 
the  next) ;  for  the  period  May  4  to  October 
31,  1953,  48  hours  per  week  (previously  48 
hours  per  week  all  year).  Overtime:  time 
and  one-half  for  all  hours  worked  beyond 
the  normal  scheduled  hours  and  for  work  on 
6  specified  paid  holidays  (previous  agreement 
provided  double  time  for  work  on  the  6 
paid  holidays) . 

Vacations  with  pay:  6  days  after  one 
year's  service,  8  days  after  2  years'  service, 
10  days  after  3  years'  service  and  12  days 
after  4  years'  service. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates  for  certain 
classifications:  electricians  $1.46  to  $1.81, 
mechanics  $1.51  to  $1.71,  shovel  operators 
$1.73  and  $1.85,  machinists  $1.61  and  $1.79, 
carpenters  $1.56  and  $1.75,  churn  drillers 
$1.54  and  $1.63,  dredge  operator  $1.63,  unit 
repairman  $1.81,  bulldozer  operator  $1.62, 
crusherman,  painter,  scaler  $1.61;  pneumatic 
driller  $1.55;  lineman,  hydraulic  miner, 
rigger  $1.59;  powderman  $1.58;  truck  driver 
(heavy),  road  grader  operator  $1.56;  dump- 
man  $1.50,  pumpman  $1.47;  tractor  operator, 
truck  driver  (light),  warehousemen  $1.45; 
hiring  rate  $1.35;  Holland  crusherman  $1.63, 
Holland  crusher  handyman  $1.42,  hoistman 
$1.70,  trackman  $1.67,  miner  $1.47  and  $1.61, 
mucking  machine  operator  $1.61,  cage  skip 
tender  $1.55  and  $1.66,  deckman  $1.45  and 
$1.54,  truck  driver  (underground  service) 
$1.51.  (The  above  rates  represent  an  in- 
crease of  5  per  cent  over  the  previous  rates.) 
Effective  November  1,  1953,  all  wage  rates 
will  be  increased  by  3J  per  cent. 


A  file  of  collective  agreements  is  main- 
tained in  the  Economics  and  Research 
Branch  of  the  Department  of  Labour. 
These  are  obtained  directly  from  the 
parties  involved  and  through  the  Indus- 
trial Relations  Branch  of  the  Depart- 
ment. A  number  of  those  recently 
received  are  summarized  here.  Agree- 
ments made  obligatory  under  the 
Collective  Agreement  Act  in  Quebec 
and  schedules  under  Industrial  Standards 
Acts,  etc.,  are  summarized  in  a  separate 
article  following  this. 


Night  shift  differential:  employees  working 
night  (third)  shift  will  be  paid  a  shift 
premium  of  3  cents  per  hour. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure, 
seniority  rights  and  a  joint  safety  committee. 

Manufacturing 

Textile  Products — Ajax,  Ont. — The 
Monarch  Knitting  Company  Limited 
(Spinning  Division)  and  The  Textile 
Workers  Union  of  America,  Local  1278. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  April  15, 
1953,  until  April  15,  1954,  and  thereafter 
from  year  to  year,  subject  to  notice. 

Union  security:  union  shop. 

Check-off:  voluntary. 

Hours:  8  per  day  Monday  through  Friday, 
a  40-hour  week,  except  for  maintenance  and 
warehouse  employees  whose  hours  will  be  9 
per  day  Monday  through  Friday,  a  45-hour 
week.  Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work 
in  excess  of  the  regular  daily  hours  and  for 
work  on  Saturdays,  Sundays  (or  the  alter- 
nate days  off)  and  on  8  specified  paid 
holidays. 

Rest  periods:  wherever  shifts  are  inter- 
rupted by  a  regularly  scheduled  lunch  period 
employees  will  be  granted  two  10-minute 
rest  periods  per  shift.  If  no  regularly 
scheduled  lunch  period  is  observed  employees 
will  be  granted  one  10-minute  and  one  15- 
minute  rest  period  per  shift. 

Vacations  with  pay:  after  one  year's  ser- 
vice one  week  with  pay  equal  to  2  per  cent 
of  earnings  during  the  preceding  year,  after 
3  years'  continuous  service  2  weeks  with  pay 
equal  to  3  per  cent,  and  after  5  years' 
continuous  service  2  weeks  with  pay  equal 
to  4  per  cent  of  earnings  during  the  pre- 
ceding year.  Employees  with  less  than  one 
year's  service  will  receive  a  vacation  allow- 
ance amounting  to  2  per  cent  of  earnings 
during  the  time  of  their  employment. 

Hourly  wage  rates:  male  employees — roving 
hauler  and  sweeper,  janitor  94  cents  and  $1; 
night  draw  frame  tender,  yarn  inspector  and 
handler,  winder  service,  maintenance  helper, 
lift  truck  operator,  warehouseman  94  cents 
to  $1.05;  cotton  and  waste  man,  opening  and 
picker  tender,  spinning  doffer,  night  spinning 
frame  tender  94  cents  to  $1.10;  card  tender, 


1498 


night  speed  frame  tender,  night  lead  hand 
94  cents  to  $1.15;  card  grinder  94  cents  to 
$1.25,  maintenance  men  94  cents  to  $1.50. 
Female  employees — draw  frame  tender, 
winder  tender,  yarn  inspector  83  to  92 
cents;  roller  cleaner,  cone  labeller  83  to  89 
cents;  spinning  frame  tender  83  to  95  cents, 
speed  frame  tender  83  to  98  cents. 

Off -shift  differential:  employees  will  be 
paid  a  shift  bonus  of  5  cents  per  hour  for 
work  on  the  evening  shift  and  of  10  cents 
per  hour  for  work  on  the  night  shift. 

Group  Insurance  Plan:  three  months  after 
an  employee  commences  to  work  for  the 
company  he  and  his  dependents  will 
become  insured  under  a  non-contributory 
Group  Insurance  Plan  administered  by  a 
life  insurance  company.  The  plan  covers 
Life  Insurance,  Weekly  Sickness  and 
Accident  Insurance  (non-occupational ) , 
Hospital  Expense  Insurance  (non-occupa- 
tional), Surgical  Operational  Insurance  (non- 
occupational)   and  Maternity  Benefits. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure 
and  seniority  rights. 

Veneer  and  Plywood — Mattaiva,  Out. — 
The  Guelph  Cask,  Veneer  and  Plywood 
Company  Limited  and  United  Brother- 
hood of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of 
America,  Local  2759. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  April  1, 
1953,  to  March  31,  1954,  and  thereafter 
from  year  to  year,  subject  to  60  days'  notice. 

Union  security:  union  shop  for  new 
employees,  with  maintenance  of  membership 
for  all.  When  hiring  employees,  local  union 
workers  who  are  capable  of  performing  the 
jobs  to  be  filled  will  be  given  preference. 

Check-off:  voluntary. 

Hours:  8  per  day  6  days  per  week,  a 
48-hour  week.  Overtime:  time  and  one-half 
for  work  in  excess  of  48  hours  per  week, 
double  time  for  work  on  Sundays  and  double 
time  and  one-half  for  work  on  7  specified 
paid  holidays. 

Vacations  with  pay:  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  the  Hours  of  Work  and 
Vacations  with  Pay  Act  of  Ontario,  all 
eligible  employees  will  receive  in  lieu  of 
vacations  with  pay,  vacation  credits  on  the 
basis  of  2  per  cent  of  their  gross  earnings 
during  their  period  of  employment. 

In  determining  vacation  credits,  the  com- 
pany will  deduct  all  unauthorized  absences 
in  excess  of  one  working  day  in  each  month 
from  the  vacation. 

Hourly  wage  rates  for  certain  classifica- 
tions: yard — teamster  91  cents,  tractor 
driver  $1.06,  truck  driver  $1.01;  jammer 
operator  96  cents,  helper  86  cents;  yard 
labour  86  cents;  drag  saw-sawyer  $1.01, 
marker  $1.11,  roller  91  cents,  woodman  86 
cents;  veneer  lathes — operators  $1.06  to 
$1.21,  helpers  91  cents,  peeler  86  cents, 
swing  man  $1.06,  reel  man  $1.01;  automatic 
clipper — operator  $1.06;  sorter,  reel  carrier 
86  cents;  dry  clippers — operator  $1.01, 
helper  81  cents;  glue  spreader — mixer  $1.16, 
operator  91  cents,  helper  86  cents;  power 
house — chief  engineer  $1.51,  assistant  engi- 
neer $1.26  to  $1.36;  fireman  96  cents, 
helper  86  cents;  maintenance — millwright 
$1.51,  assistant  millwright  $1.21,  watchman 
86  cents.  (The  above  rates  are  6  cents 
per  hour  higher  than  the  previous  rates.) 
Female   help,  where   employed,  will   be   paid 


3  cents  per  hour  less  than  the  above  rates. 
Either  party  may.  reopen  the  question  of 
wages  if  there  is  a  5-point  change  in  the 
Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics  cost-of-living 
index. 

Seniority:  in  lay-offs  and  promotions  length 
of  service  will  receive  due  consideration. 
However,  the  company's  right  to  recognize 
merit  and  ability  and  to  retain  key  workers 
shall  not  be  restricted. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure. 

Shipping  Containers  —  Toronto,  Ont. — 
Hinde  and  Dauch  Paper  Company  of 
Canada  Limited  and  International 
Chemical  Workers'  Union,  Local  169. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  April  17, 
1953,  to  March  3,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year,  subject  to  notice. 

Check-off:  all  employees  who  were  mem- 
bers of  the  union  as  of  January  1,  1953, 
or  who  later  joined  the  union,  shall  con- 
tinue to  pay  current  dues  to  the  union 
during  the  life  of  the  agreement  if  they 
continue  as  employees  of  the  company.  The 
company  will  continue  to  deduct  union  dues 
weekly  from  the  pay  of  union  members 
during  the  term  of  the  agreement  and  to 
remit  same   to  the   union. 

Hours:  in  paper  mills — 8  per  day,  an 
average  of  44  hours  per  week  for  both  day 
and  tour  workers;  in  box  factory — 9  per  day 
Monday  through  Thursday,  8  on  Friday,  a 
44-hour  week  for  day  and  night  shift 
workers,  and  8  per  day  Monday  through 
Friday,  a  40-hour  week,  for  tour  workers. 
Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work  in 
excess  of  regular  hours  (except  when  a  tour 
worker  is  working  in  place  of  his  relief  or 
where  special  arrangements  are  agreed  to  by 
employees  directly  affected,  the  union,  and 
the  company) ,  for  work  between  8  a.m. 
Sunday  and  8  a.m.  Monday  in  the  paper 
mills,  or  on  Saturday  and  Sunday  in  the 
box  factory  and  for  all  work  on  8  specified 
holidays,  7  of  which  are  paid  holidays 
(previous  agreement  provided  for  6  paid 
holidays) . 

Rest  periods:  all  day  and  night  shift 
employees  in  the  box  factory  will  be  allowed 
two  10-minute  rest  periods  per  shift. 

Vacations  with  pay:  one  week  after  one 
year's  continuous  service,  2  weeks  after  4 
years  and  9  months  of  service  and  3  weeks 
after  15  years'  service  (previously  the 
maximum  of  2  weeks  was.  granted  after  5 
years'  service)  ;  employees  with  less  than 
3  months'  service  will  receive  one  week 
without  pay,  while  employees  with  3  to  11 
months'  service  will  receive  one  week  with 
pay  in  proportion  to  their  length  of  service 
ranging  from  1J  to  5J  days'  pay. 

Hourly   wage   rates   for   certain   classes   in 
mill:    machine    tenders    $1.99,    back    tenders 
$1.74,  third  hands  $1.62,  fourth  hands  $1.45, 
fifth     hands     $1.39;     broke     hustlers,     spare 
hands,  storage  man  $1.36;  finishers  $1.45  and 
$1.50,   helpers   $1.36;    size   man,   hydrapulper 
operator,  crane  man  $1.41;   yard  men  $1.33 
stock    cutter    operator    $1.46,    helper    $1.30 
pipe    fitters    $1.55    to    $1.73,    helpers    $1.47 
millwrights    $1/47    to    $1.66,    helpers    $1.36 
blacksmith  $1.78,  machinist  $1.73,  carpenters 
$1.52    and    $1.76,    oilers    $1.38.      (The    above 
rates    represent    a    general    increase    of     10 
cents    per    hour.)       In    the    box    factory    the 
base  wage  rates  vary  from  99  cents  to  $1.52, 
plus  piece  work  for  most  classifications.    The 
starting  rate  for  new  employees  in  both  the 


1499 


mills  and  the  box  factory  will  be  5  cents 
per  hour  less  than  that  established  as  a 
standard  and  shall  be  continued  for  a  period 
of  4  weeks'  continuous  employment.  If 
employee  is  satisfactory,  his  rate  will  be 
automatically  increased  to  the  minimum 
standard  rate  for  the  classification  under 
which  he  works. 

Off-shift  differential:  tour  workers  will  be 
paid  a  shift  premium  of  3  cents  per  hour 
for  work  on  the  afternoon  shift  and  of  5 
cents  per  hour  for  work  on  the  night  shift. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure 
and  seniority  rights. 

Metal  Products — Oshawa,  Ont. — Fittings 
Limited  and  United  Steelworkers  of 
America,  Local  1817. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  May  1, 
1953,  to  April  30,  1954.  Notice  of  termina- 
tion or  of  proposed  revision  may  be  given 
during  March  1953,  and  negotiations  upon 
any  such  proposal  shall  take  place  not  later 
than  the  first  week  of  April  1954.  Any 
provision  not  so  terminated  or  proposed  to 
be  revised  is  to  remain  in  force  pending 
such  negotiations.  This  agreement  is  similar 
to  the  one  previously  in  effect  (L.G.,  Jan. 
1953,  p.  93),  with  the   following  changes: — 

Vacations  with  pay:  after  15  years'  service 
employees  are  now  granted  3  weeks  with  pay 
on  the  basis  of  6  per  cent  of  an  employees' 
gross  earnings   during  the  preceding  year. 

Hourly  wage  rates  are  increased  by  8  cents 
per  hour  with  additional  increases  ranging 
from  1  to  10  cents  per  hour  for  stationary 
engineers,  employees  of  the  shipping  depart- 
ment and  general  labourers. 


Construction 

Carpenters — Ottawa,  Ont. —  The  Ottawa 
Builders'  Exchange  and  The  United 
Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners 
of  America,  Local  93. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  May  11, 
1953,  to  April  30,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year,  subject  to  4  months'  notice. 

Union  security:  the  employers  agree  to 
employ  members  of  the  union  when  same  are 
available.  If  a  non-union  carpenter  is  hired 
the  employer  will  notify  the  union  within 
24  hours. 

Hours:  8  per  day  Monday  through  Friday, 
a  40-hour  week.  Overtime:  time  and  one- 
half  for  the  first  4  hours  after  5  p.m. 
Monday  through  Friday  and  on  Saturday 
morning  until  12  noon,  double  time  there- 
after and  for  work  on  Sundays  and  on  5 
specified  holidays.  Work  on  Saturdays, 
Sundays  and  the  5  holidays  may  be  per- 
formed only  in  cases  of  extreme  necessity 
after  obtaining  a  permit  from  the  advisory 
committee. 

Vacation  pay  equal  to  2  per  cent  of  wages 
is  to  be  added  to  the  weekly  pay. 

Minimum  basic  wage  rate  will  be  $1.75 
(previously  $1.65)   per  hour. 

Off -shift  differential:  employees  on  the 
second  and  third  shift  will  receive  8  hours' 
pay  for  7  hours'  work. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  adjustment  of 
disputes. 


Carpenters — Toronto,  Ont. — The  General 
Contractors'  Section  of  the  Toronto 
Builders  Exchange  and  the  United 
Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners 
of  America  (The  Toronto  and  District 
Council  of  Carpenters  and  Millmen). 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  May  1, 
1953,  to  April  30,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year,  subject  to  notice. 

Union  security:  closed  shop.  The  union 
must  give  preference  in  supplying  men  to 
employers  who  are  party  to  this  agreement. 

Hours:  8  per  day,  between  8  a.m.  and  5 
p.m.,  Monday  through  Friday,  a  40-hour 
week.  Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  the 
first  4  hours  of  work  in  excess  of  8  hours 
per  day  and  double  time  thereafter.  Only 
in  cases  of  extreme  necessity  may  work  be 
performed  on  Saturdays,  Sundays  and  on  8 
specified  holidays,  such  work  to  be  paid  for 
at  double  time. 

Vacation  pay  will  be  at  the  rate  of  4  per 
cent  of  wages,  but  it  is  understood  that  only 
one   week's   vacation  will   be    taken. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates:  journeymen 
carpenters  $2.20  (previously  $2.10),  appren- 
tices— 1st  year  30  per  cent,  2nd  year  40  per 
cent,  3rd  year  50  per  cent  and  4th  year  70 
per  cent  of  journeymen's  rate  (as  stipulated 
by  the  Ontario  Apprenticeship  Act.) 

Shift  work:  additional  shifts  of  not  more 
than  7  hours  may  be  worked  between  mid- 
night Sunday  and  midnight  Friday.  The 
rate  of  pay  for  work  on  the  second  shift 
will  be  time  and  one-seventh  and  on  the 
third  shift  time  and  one-half.  Where  no 
work  has  been  done  during  the  day,  work 
performed  between  5  p.m.  and  midnight  will 
be  paid  at  time  and  one-seventh. 

Travelling  expenses:  this  agreement  shall 
have  jurisdiction  over  an  area  extending 
over  a  radius  of  25  miles  from  the  Toronto 
City  Hall,  divided  into  5  zones,  each  with 
a  radius  of  5  miles.  Travelling  expenses  will 
be  paid  on  the  following  basis:  for  work  in 
Zone  1  none,  for  work  in  Zone  2  50  cents 
and  in  Zone  3  $1.50  per  day,  regardless  of 
place  of  residence.  Residents  of  Zones  1, 
2  and  3  will  be  paid  $2.50  per  day  if 
required  to  work  in  Zone  4  and  $3.50  for 
work  in  Zone  5,  while  residents  of  Zones 
4  and  5  required  to  work  in  either  Zone  4 
or  Zone  5  will  receive  10  cents  per  mile 
from  place  of  residence  to  job  in  excess  of 
the  first  5  miles  each  way. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  settling  of 
differences. 

Electricians — Toronto,  Ont. — Certain  Elec- 
trical Contracting  Firms  and  Interna- 
tional  Brotherhood  of  Electrical 
Workers,  Local  353. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  June  1, 
1953,  to  May  31,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year,  subject  to  notice. 

Union  security:  closed  shop.  No  member 
of  the  union  shall  be  permitted  to  work  at 
electrical  construction  work  for  anyone  who 
is  not  a  party  to  this  agreement.  The  union 
shall  not  sign  this  agreement  with  anyone 
other'  than  a  party  whose  business  is  recog- 
nized as  electrical  construction  work. 

Hours:  8  per  day  Monday  through  Friday, 
a  40-hour  week.  Overtime:  double  time  for 
overtime  and  for  work  on  Saturdays, 
Sundays  and  on  8  specified  holidays. 


1500 


Vacation  pay  of  4  per  cent  of  wages  shall 
be  granted  employees  in  order  to  allow  2 
weeks'  vacation  with  pay. 

Hourly  wage  rates:  journeymen  $2.33 
(previously  $2.20),  foremen  $2.58;  appren- 
tices— first  year  30  per  cent,  second  year  40 
per  cent,  third  year  50  per  cent  and  fourth 
year  70  per  cent  of  journeymen's  rate. 

Cost-of-living  bonus:  in  addition  to  the 
above  rates  the  journeymen's  and  foremen's 
rates  will  be  increased  by  5  cents  per  hour 
for  each  5  point  increase  in  the  Dominion 
Bureau  of  Statistics'  cost-of-living  index 
above  the  figure  of  190.  Such  increases  when 
granted  shall  become  part  of  the  basic  hourly 
rate  and  shall  not  be  deducted  during  the 
life  of  this  agreement. 

/  Off -shift  differential:  where  2  or  3  shifts 
are  employed,  employees  on  other  than  the 
day  shift  will  receive  8  hours'  pay  for  7 
hours'  work.  When  work  cannot  be  done 
during  the  day  it  may  be  done  as  a  straight 
night  shift  of  not  more  than  7  hours  with 
pay  for  8  at  straight  time.  A  minimum  of 
6  hours  with  7  hours'  pay  shall  be  con- 
sidered a  shift.  No  employee  will  be 
permitted  to  work  more  than  one  shift  in 
24  hours  unless  overtime  is  paid. 

Apprentices:  one  apprentice  may  be 
employed  by  each  employer  and,  in  addition 
thereto  one  apprentice  to  every  3  journey- 
men in  a  shop.  When  a  shop  employs  10 
apprentices,  additional  apprentices  may  be 
employed  at  a  ratio  of  one  apprentice  to  8 
journeymen. 

Out-of-town  jobs:  men  requested  to  travel 
out  of  the  Toronto  zone  shall  have  their 
transportation  cost  paid  by  the  employer; 
they  will  also  receive  travelling  time  to  and 
from  the  job.  Employees  on  out-of-town  jobs 
shall  conform  to  building  trades  agreements 
in  the  district. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  settling  of 
differences. 

Service 

Municipal  Government — Hamilton,  Ont. — 

The     Corporation     of     the     City     of 

Hamilton  and  National  Union  of  Public 

Service  Employees,  Local  5  (The  Civic 

Employees'  Union). 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  February 

1,  1953,  to  January  31,  1955,  and  from  year 

to   year   thereafter,   subject   to   two   months' 

notice. 

Check-off:  compulsory  upon  all  employees 
within  the  bargaining  unit  (modified  Rand 
Formula) . 

Hours:  8  per  day  5  days  a  week,  a  40-hour 
week,  except  for  cemetery  employees  who 
will  work  51  days  in  any  period  of  6  days 
Monday  through  Saturday,  a  44-hour  week. 
Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  all  work 
in  excess  of  the  above  daily  or  weekly  hours, 
double  time  for  work  on  Sunday  and  on  11 
specified  paid  holidays  and  on  any  additional 
civic  holidays  as  proclaimed  by  the  mayor 
(also  paid).  Employees  required  to  work  on 
a  7  day  week  shift  basis  will  be  entitled  to 
a  lieu  day  off  with  pay  or  to  an  additional 
day's  pay  should  a  designated  statutory 
holiday  fall  on  their  scheduled  day  off. 

Vacations  with  pay:  one  week  after  6 
months'  continuous  service,  2  weeks  after 
one  year's  continuous  service  and  3  weeks 
during  the  year  in  which  an  employee  com- 


pletes his  fifteenth  year  of  continuous  ser- 
vice. However,  employees  in  departments 
operating  on  a  continuous  24  hour,  6  or  7 
day  basis,  will  receive  3  weeks  during  the 
year  in  which  they  complete  their  tenth  year 
of  service. 

Welfare:  all  eligible  employees  will  be 
entitled  to  all  rights,  benefits  and  privileges 
in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  any 
council  by-law  covering  sick  pay,  pensions, 
group  medical  and  hospitalization  plans. 

Casual  employees:  a  casual  employee  who 
shall  complete  24  months  of  service  within  a  • 
period  of  3  consecutive  calendar  years  shall 
maintain  seniority  rights;  he  will  be 
entitled  to  sick  pay  benefits  as  provided 
under  city  council  by-law  and  to  vacation 
pay  of  4  per  cent  of  his  pay  earned  during 
the  current  year  of  employment. 

Hourly  wage  rates  for  certain  classifica- 
tions: city  engineers'  and  street  commis- 
sioner's department  —  machinist  I  $1.77i, 
blacksmith,  carpenter,  motor  mechanic, 
shovel  operator,  machinist  II  $1.71;  ditcher 
operator  $1.64^;  Koering  paver  operator, 
water  meter  repairman  $1.58  J;  bulldozer 
operator,  equipment  repairman,  roller  oper- 
ator, utility  man,  water  meter  installer 
$1.52|;  garbage  inspector,  incinerator  floor- 
man  $1.48;  asphalt  mixer,  flusher  driver, 
snow  plough  operator,  street  sweeper  oper- 
ator, tree  climber,  waterworks  troubleman 
$1.45|;  garbageman  $1.42;  concrete  spreader, 
form  setter,  garage  attendant,  stores 
attendant  $1.39£;  sewer  maintenance 
labourer  $1.36£,  other  labourers  $1.33^; 
parks  department — equipment  mechanic, 
plumbing  repairman  $1.64£;  gardener  $1.39^ 
and  $1.45^;  handyman,  sports  groundsman 
$1.45£;  plumber's  helper,  truck  driver  $1.39 J; 
labourer  $1.33£,  parks  helper  $1,23^; 
cemetery  department — mechanic  $1.52£,  truck 
driver  $1.39^,  labourer  $1.33j,  cemetery 
helper  $1.23^.  (The  above  rates  are  21  cents 
per  hour  higher  than  the  previous  basic 
rates.  However,  this  increase  includes  the 
incorporation  into  the  rates  of  a  cost-of- 
living  bonus  of  13^  cents  per  hour  granted 
under  the  terms  of  the  previous  agreement.) 

Off -shift  differential:  employees  will  be 
paid  a  shift  differential  of  7  cents  per  hour 
for  work  on  the  3  p.m.  to  11  p.m.  shift  and 
of  9  cents  per  hour  for  work  on  the  11  p.m. 
to  7  a.m.  shift. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure 
and  seniority  rights. 

Fire-Fighters — Hamilton,  Ont. — The  Cor- 
poration of  the  City  of  Hamilton  and 
International  Association  of  Fire- 
fighters, Local  288. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  January 
1,  1953,  to  December  31,  1954,  and  there- 
after from  year  to  year,  subject  to  notice. 

Union  security:  union  shop  for  new 
employees  with  maintenance  of  membership 
for  all. 

Check-off:  voluntary. 

Hours:  an  average  of  46§  per  week. 
Employees  will  operate  under  a  3  platoon 
system — 8  hours  on  followed  by  16  hours  off, 
a  change  of  shifts  to  take  place  every  7 
days  by  the  day  shift  working  16  hours. 
Each  employee  will  be  entitled  to  one  day 
off  in  every  calendar  week,  on  a  rotating 
system,  and  also  to  be  off  on  the  Sunday 
which  falls  between  his  regular  Saturday 
and  Monday  off. 


1501 


Holidays:  each  employee  will  receive  a  day 
off  with  pay  in  lieu  of  each  declared  or 
statutory  holiday,  at  such  time  as  may  be 
agreed  upon  by  the  fire  chief  and  the  union. 

Vacations  with  pay:  14  days  for  employees 
with  less  than  10  years'  service,  except  that 
new  employees  starting  after  January  1,  in 
any  year,  after  serving  a  probationary  period 
of  6  months,  will  be  entitled  to  1J  days  for 
each  month  of  service  from  date  of  original 
appointment  (not  to  exceed  14  days)  ;  21 
days  for  employees  with  10  or  more  years' 
service. 

Accident  and  sickness:  employees  off  duty 
as  a  result  of  an  accident  or  occupational 
illness  incurred  in  the  performance  of  their 
duties  will  be  provided  with  free  hospital- 
ization and  medical  care;  they  will  receive 
their  full  salary  during  such  period  off  duty. 
Sick  pay  as  provided  under  a  city  by-law 
shall  form  part  of  this  agreement. 


Weekly  wage  rates:  deputy  chief  $5,287.36 
(per  year),  assistant  $91,  district  fire  chief 
$87,  superintendent  of  alarm  systems  $85; 
drill  instructor,  master  mechanic  $83; 
executive  secretary  to  the  chief  $67.50  to 
$82.50;  chief  fire  inspector  $79,  assistant 
$75;  captain  $79,  lieutenant  $75,  mechanic 
$72,  fire  inspector  and  fireman  $69;  fire 
alarm  electricians  $57  to  $72,  fireman  $57 
to  $69,  fire  alarm  operators  $57  to  $63. 

Uniforms:  all  fire  department  personnel 
shall  be  supplied  with  dress  uniform  and 
also  with  rubber  clothes  for  fire  fighting 
duty. 

Pensions:  all  employees  shall  be  entitled 
to  pensions  according  to  the  provisions  of 
the  Hamilton  Firemen's  Benefit  Fund. 

Provision  is  made  for  grievance  procedure 
and  seniority  rights. 


Collective  Agreement  Act,  Quebec 


Recent  proceedings  under  the  Collective 
Agreement  Act,  Quebec  *  include  the  exten- 
sion of  the  terms  of  three  new  agreements 
and  the  amendment  of  ten  others. 

In  addition  to  those  summarized  below, 
they  include:  the  amendment  of  the 
agreements  for  the  men's  and  boys'  cloth- 
ing industry  in  the  province  and  for 
printing  trades  at  Quebec,  published  in  the 
Quebec  Official  Gazette,  issue  of  August  1. 

A  request  for  the  amendment  of  the 
agreement  for  plumbers  at  Trois  Rivieres 
was  gazetted  July  25;  requests  for  the 
amendment  of  the  agreements  for  the 
building  trades  at  Chicoutimi  and  for  the 


*In  Quebec,  the  Collective  Agreement  Act 
provides  that  where  a  collective  agreement 
has  been  entered  into  by  an  organization  of 
employees  and  one  or  more  employers  or 
associations  of  employers,  either  side  may 
apply  to  the  provincial  Minister  of  Labour 
to  have  the  terms  of  the  agreement  which 
concern  wages,  hours  of  labour,  apprentice- 
ship, and  certain  other  conditions  made 
binding  throughout  the  province  or  within 
a  certain  district  on  all  employers  and 
employees  in  the  trade  or  industry  covered 
by  the  agreement.  Notice  of  such  applica- 
tion is  published  and  30  days  are  allowed 
for  the  filing  of  objections,  after  which  an 
Order  in  Council  may  be  passed  granting 
the  application,  with  or  without  changes  as 
considered  advisable  by  the  Minister.  The 
Order  in  Council  may  be  amended  or 
revoked  in  the  same  manner.  Each  agree- 
ment is  administered  and  enforced  by  a 
joint  committee  of  the  parties.  References 
to  the  summary  of  this  Act  and  to  amend- 
ments to  it  are  given  in  the  Labour  Gazette, 
January,  1949,  page  65.  Proceedings  under 
this  Act  and  earlier  legislation  have  been 
noted  in  the  Labour  Gazette  monthly  since 
June  1934. 


food  products  manufacturing  and  wholesale 
trade  at  Quebec  were  published  August  1. 
Requests  for  the  amendment  of  the  agree- 
ments for  barbers  at  Montreal  and  for 
retail  stores  at  Quebec  were  gazetted 
August  15;  requests  to  amend  the  agree- 
ments for  the  men's  and  boys'  shirt  industry 
and  the  structural  iron  industry  in  the 
province,  as  well  as  the  building  trades  at 
Chicoutimi,  were  gazetted  August  22. 

Orders  in  Council  were  also  published 
approving  the  constitution  and  by-laws  of 
certain  parity  committees  and  others 
approving  the  levy  of  assessment  on  the 
parties  to  certain  agreements. 

Manufacturing 

Bakery  Products,  Quebec  District. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  July  23  and 
gazetted  August  1,  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
1951,  p.  G3,  p.  690;  March  1952,  p.  298; 
Feb.  1953,  p.  281).  "Le  Syndicat  des  Indus- 
tries de  la  Patisserie  et  Biscuiterie  Inc."  is 
added  to  the  list  of  contracting  parties. 

Minimum  weekly  wage  rates  in  bread 
bakeries  for  apprentices,  first  6  months,  are 
increased  from  $19  to  $19.50  per  week. 

Minimum  weekly  wage  rates  in  pastry  and 
biscuit  shops  for  class  "C"  employees  com- 
prising 40  per  cent  of  category  I  (fabrica- 
tion of  pastry,  biscuits,  etc.)  are  increased 
from  $17.92  to  $19.50;  minimum  rates  for 
classes  "B"  and  "C"  employees  comprising 
40  per  cent  in  each  class  of  category  II 
(male  and  female  packing,  orders  and 
sampling  in  pastrv-shop)  are  increased  from 
$17.92  and  $15.68  respectively,  to  $19.50; 
minimum  rates  for  class  "C"  employees  com- 
prising 40  per  cent  of  category  III  (ware- 
house, delivery,  etc.,  male  and  female 
employees  in  biscuit-shops)  are  increased 
from  $17.92  to  $19.50. 


1502 


Minimum  weekly  ivage  rates  in  the  delivery 
department  and  for  maintenance  employees 
are  now  as  follows:  salesman,  delivery  man 
$29,  salesman's  helper  $25,  truck  driver  $34; 
maintenance  employees  (watchmen,  yardmen, 
general  workers,  etc.),  work  week  not 
exceeding  54  hours,  $28  per  week,  helpers 
$19.50.  (The  above  rates  are  $4  per  week 
higher  for  salesman  and  delivery  man,  $7 
per  week  higher  for  salesman's  helper,  $1.50 
per  week  higher  for  maintenance  helper, 
unchanged  for  truck  drivers  and  main- 
tenance workers.) 

Dress    Manufacturing   Industry,    Province 
of  Quebec. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  July  16  and 
gazetted  August  1,  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
1951,  p.  690,  p.  1376,  p.  1672;  April  1952, 
p.  451,  May,  p.  611,  Aug.,  p.  1083,  and 
previous  issues). 

Industrial  jurisdiction:  this  agreement  will 
now  apply  to  the  manufacture  or  produc- 
tion, completely  or  partially,  of  all  types 
of  dresses,  blouses,  odd  and  separate  skirts, 
and  all  garments  analogous  thereto  and 
including  but  not  limited  to:  ensembles, 
gowns,  beach  clothes,  play  clothes,  sports 
clothes,  blouses,  vestees,  smocks,  hoovers, 
house  coats,  aprons,  kimonas,  dressing  gowns 
and  uniforms  of  all  materials  and  description 
not  already  governed  by  the  agreements  for 
the  Ladies'  Cloak  and  Suit  Industry  and 
the  Men's  and  Boys'  Clothing  Industry  in 
the  Province  of  Quebec.  It  will  also  apply 
to  the  several  parts  of  the  above  garments 
when  manufactured  in  combination  or  _  as 
independant  items.  The  provision  excluding 
from  the  jurisdiction  of  this  agreement, 
knitted  garments  for  females,  where  fabrics 
and  finished  products  are  made  in  the  same 
establishment,  is  deleted. 

Hours  and  overtime:  regular  weekly  hours 
are  unchanged  at  40  per  week  with  limited 
overtime  at  regular  rates  and  time  and  one- 
half.  This  amendment  provides  that  during 
the  summer  season,  ending  July  1,  1953, 
employees  may  work  Saturdays  between  8 
a.m.  and  noon,  on  a  voluntary  basis,  such 
work  to  be  paid  for  at  time  and  one- 
half.  (Work  on  Saturday  was  previously 
prohibited.) 

Sheet  Metal  Manufacturing,   Montreal. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  July  16  and 
gazetted  July  25,  makes  binding  the  terms 
of  a  new  agreement  between  The  Builders 
Exchange  Inc.,  Sheet  Metal  Fabricating 
Section  and  The  Sheet  Metal  Workers 
International  Association,  Local  116.  Agree- 
ment to  be  in  effect  from  July  25,  1953,  to 
July  24,  1954,  without  reopening. 

This  agreement  is  similar  to  that  pre- 
viously in  effect  (L.G.,  Sept.,  p.  1326)  with 
the  exception  of  the   following: — 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates:  journeyman 
sheet  metal  mechanic,  journeyman  welder, 
journeyman  machinist  $1.64;  charge  hand, 
toolmaker  $1.69;  welder  specialist,  assembler 
and  specialist,  machinist  specialist  $1.43; 
production  welders  from  $1.17  in  first  6 
months  to  $1.35  in  fourth  6  months,  there- 
after welder  specialist  at  $1.43;  buffer  and 
polisher  class  "A"  $1.50;  painter  $1.54; 
painter  (spray)  $1.36;  blacksmith  $1.56; 
machine  operator  $1.35;  production  worker 
$1.20,  after  one  year's  service  with  same 
employer    $1.25;    helper    $1.15;    truck    driver 


and  storekeeper  $1.20;  leading  hands  10 
cents  above  the  rate  of  their  classification; 
boys  (16  to  18  years)  80  cents  increased  5 
cents  per  hour  for  every  6  months  of  con- 
tinuous service  (at  age  19  to  be  classified 
and  paid  as  helpers).  Employees  on  night 
shifts  will  be  paid  a  premium  of  7  (pre- 
viously 5)  cents  per  hour  and  those  on 
irregular  or  off  shifts  5  cents  per  hour  extra 
as  previously.  (The  above  rates  are  7  cents 
per  hour  higher  for  journeymen  sheet  metal 
mechanics,  unchanged  for  journeymen 
welders  and  5  cents  higher  for  other 
classifications).  (The  occupations  welders 
classes  "A",  "B"  and  "C"  included  in  the 
previous  agreement  are  now  replaced  by 
journeyman  welder  and  welder  specialist 
and  the  classification  assistant-foreman  is 
deleted.)  Minimum  rates  for  apprentice 
sheet  metal  mechanics  range  from  50  per 
cent  of  journeyman's  rate  in  first  year  to 
85  per  cent  in  fourth  year. 

Vacation  with  pay:  one  week  with  pay 
based  on  2  per  cent  of  standard  hours 
worked  during  preceding  12  months  from 
May  1  to  April  30  at  the  wage  rate  in 
effect  at  July  1  or  at  time  of  taking  vaca- 
tion, whichever  is  earlier,  to  all  employees 
with  one  or  more  years  of  service  at  May  1; 
2  weeks  with  pay  equal  to  4  per  cent  to 
employees  with  5  or  more  years  of  service. 
Other  regulations  provide  vacation  rights  for 
employees  with  less  than  one  year  of  service, 
vacation  rights  on  termination  of  employ- 
ment and  give  to  the  employer  the  right  to 
close  the  plant  to  provide  a  vacation  period, 
as  well  as  the  right  to  stagger  vacation 
periods  to  maintain  production.  Vacation 
will  be  taken  between  May  1  and  September 
30.  However,  subject  to  mutual  agreement 
between  employees  and  employer  it  may  be 
taken  after  September  30. 

Other  provisions  of  this  agreement  include 
apprenticeship  regulations  as  well  as  regula- 
tions governing  deductions  from  wages, 
employee's   rating   and   grievance   procedure. 

Garage   Employees,   Sherbrooke. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  July  16  and 
gazetted  July  25,  makes  binding  the  terms 
of  a  new  agreement  between  the  Automobile 
Dealers  Association  of  the  Eastern  Town- 
ships and  "L'Association  des  Employes  de 
Garage  des  Cantons  de  l'Est",  affiliated  to 
the  National  Metal  Workers  Federation 
(CCCL).  Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from 
Juy  25,  1953,  for  a  period  of  one  year, 
thereafter  from  year  to  year,  subject  to 
notice. 

Industrial  jurisdiction:  the  agreement 
applies  to  employers,  professional  employers, 
artisans  and  employees,  including  stock  room 
and  accessories  clerks,  janitors  and  service 
salesmen  in  garages,  parking-grounds,  scrap- 
ping yards,  machine  shops,  stores,  branches, 
warehouses  and  any  place  where  spare  parts 
and  accessories  are  unpacked,  stored,  sold 
and  delivered. 

Territorial  jurisdiction:  it  applies  to  the 
city  of  Sherbrooke  and  municipalities  com- 
pletely or  partly  located  within  a  radius  of 
10  miles  of  its  limits,  as  well  to  the  city  of 
Thetford-Mines  and  within  a  radius  of  5 
miles  of  its  limits. 

Hours:  garages,  machine  shops,  scrapping 
yards,  parking  grounds — 9  per  day,  49  per 
week,  distributed  between  7  a.m.  and  6  p.m. 
Monday  through  Friday  and  between  7  a.m. 
and   noon   Saturday;    service   men — 10   hours 


1503 


per  first  shift  (day)  or  second  shift  (night), 
60  per  week;  janitor  (watchmen)  72  per 
week:  stockroom  clerks  49  per  week.  (Pre- 
viously service  men  worked  12  hours  per 
shift,  72  per  week,  and  stockroom  clerks 
worked  52  hours  per  week;  in  garages,  etc., 
hours  are  unchanged.) 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work  in 
excess  of  regular  hours;  double  time  for 
work  on  Sundays,  or  the  alternate  weekly 
day  of  rest,  or  for  work  on  any  of  12 
specified  paid  holidays  to  all  employees  paid 
on  a  weekly  basis  (except  servicemen) ; 
employees  paid  on  an  hourly  -basis  are 
entitled  to  the  above  12  specified  holidays 
(only  3  of  which  are  paid  holidays). 

Minimum  hourly  and  weekly  wage  rates: 
journeymen  wheelwrights,  machinists,  body 
workers,  electricians,  blacksmiths,  mechanics, 
joiners,  upholstery  cleaners,  painters,  uphol- 
sterers, radiator  workers,  welders,  testers, 
vulcanizers,  footing  specialists,  burning 
specialists,  glaziers,  wheel  alignment  special- 
ists, tune-up  specialists,  brake  repair 
specialists,  spring,  differential  and  frame 
specialists — first  class  $1.30  per  hour,  second 
class  $1.15;  greaser  and  service  men — first 
class  $1,  second  class  90  cents  per  hour; 
janitor  and  night  watchmen  $45  per  week; 
service  salesmen  and  foremen  $50  per  week; 
spare  parts  employees  in  garages,  stores, 
warehouses  (errands  and  shipping)  :  clerk 
(first  class)  $46,  (second  class)  $36,  (third 
class)  $28,  (fourth  class)  $23;  apprentices 
in  all  categories  (16  to  20  years)  from  60 
cents  per  hour  in  first  year  to  75  cents  in 
third  year,  (20  to  26  years)  from  75  cents 
in  first  year  to  95  cents  in  third  year.  (The 
above  minimum  hourly  rates  for  journeymen 
wheelwrights,  body  workers,  etc.,  and  for 
greasers  and  servicemen  are  from  12  to  15 
cents  per  hour  higher  than  those  previously 
in  effect;  the  rate  for  janitor  and  watch- 
man,  is   $4,50  per  week  higher.) 

Vacation  with  pay:  one  week  with  pay 
after  one  year  of  continuous  service  (May  1 
of  one  year  to  April  30  of  next),  for  the 
same  employer;  one-half  day  for  each 
calendar  month  of  service  to  those  employed 
less  than  one  year.  Vacation  pay  will  be 
equal  to  the  wages  an  employee  would  have 
earned  during  his  vacation  period  (if  paid 
on  a  weekly  basis) ,  or  2  per  cent  of  the 
wages  earned  during  the  period  entitling 
him  to  his  vacation  if  paid  on  any  other 
basis.  (The  above  provisions  are  unchanged 
from  those  previously  in  effect.)  However, 
it  is  now  provided  that  after  a  minimum  of 
5  years'  service  employees  will  be  entitled  to 
two  weeks  Vacation  (12  working  days)  pay- 
able at  regular  rates,  if  paid  on  a  weekly 
basis,  or  4  per  cent  of  wages  earned  if  paid 
on  any  other  basis,  the  second  week  to  be 
taken  during  the  winter  months.  Provision 
is  made  for  employees  in  the  case  of  can- 
cellation of  labour  contract. 

Other  provisions  include  regulations  gov- 
erning apprenticeship  conditions,  uniforms, 
tools  and  outside  work. 

Metal  Trades,  Quebec  District. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  July  23  and 
gazetted  August  1,  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
1951,  p.  546,  Nov.,  p.  1538;  July  1953, 
p.  1032,  and  previous  issues) .  A  correction 
of  this  agreement  was  published  in  the 
Quebec  Official  Gazette,  June  20. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates:  the  table  of 
minimum  rates  is  revised  by  the  addition  of 


the  following:  production  workers  (female) 
from  45  cents  per  hour  in  first  3  months  to 
57  cents  after  6  months  in  Zone  I,  40  to 
52  cents  per  hour  in  Zone  II. 

Construction 

Building  Trades,  Montreal  District. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  July  23  and 
gazetted  August  1,  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
June  1952,  p.  781;  March  1953,  p.  432,  April, 
p.  582,  May,  p.  728,  June,  p.  886,  Sept., 
p.  1326).  The  Corporation  of  Master  Elec- 
tricians of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  Section 
of  Montreal,  is  added  to  the  list  of  contract- 
ing parties.  A  new  part  "E"  governing 
electricians  is  added  to  this  agreement. 
New  working  conditions  for  this  trade  are 
as  follows: — 

Electricians 

Industrial  jurisdiction  includes  all  work 
governed  by  the  Electricians  and  Electrical 
Installations  Act  (SRQ,  1941,  chapter  172, 
and  amendments) . 

Hours:  8  per  day,  Monday  through  Friday, 
40  per  week. 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work  done 
between  5  p.m.  and  10  p.m.  Monday  through 
Friday'  and  on  Saturday  between  8  a.m.  and 
5  p.m.;  double  time  for  work  between  10 
p.m.  and  8  a.m.  Monday  through  Friday  and 
after  5  p.m.  on  Saturday. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rate:  contracting 
master  electrician  working  as  an  employee 
and  holding  licence  "A"  whether  using  tools 
or  acting  as  foreman,  etc.  $2.25;  journeyman 
electrician  holding  licence  "C"  $1.85  (effec- 
tive November  1,  1953,  $1.90);  apprentices 
will  receive  from  40  per  cent  of  journeyman's 
rate  in  first  year  to  75  per  cent  in  fourth 
year.  (The  going  rate  for  journeyman  elec- 
trician is  5  cents  per  hour  higher  than 
previously  in  effect.)  A  premium  of  10  cents 
per  hour  will  be  paid  to  all  workers  engaged 
on  any  broken  day  shift. 

Vacation  with  pay  provisions  are  those 
which  are  applicable  to  all  building  trades 
at  Montreal  as  follows:  employees  contin- 
uously in  the  service  of  one  employer  during 
the  vacation  with  pay  credit  period  are 
entitled  to  7  days'  continuous  vacation,  with 
pay  equal  to  2  per  cent  of  gross  earnings 
for  such  credit  period.  Credit  stamps 
redeemable  from  the  Commission. 

Other  provisions  include  regulations  gov- 
erning board  and  travelling  expenses  for 
work  outside  the  limits  of  Montreal,  as  well 
as  ratio  of  apprentices  to  journeymen 
employed. 

With  the  exception  of  working  conditions 
outlined  above  the  general  conditions  of  the 
main  agreement  will  continue  to  apply. 

Building  Trades,  St- Jean  and  Iberville. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  July  23  and 
gazetted  August  1,  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
1950,  p.  1053,  Nov.,  p.  1905:  1951,  p.  977; 
May  1952,  p.  610,  Aug.,  p.  1084,  Dec,  p.  1600, 
and  previous  issues).  "Le  Syndicat  Catho- 
lique  national  des  Plombiers  et  Electriciens 
de  Saint-Jean"  is  added  to  the  list  of  con- 
tracting parties. 

Hours  and  overtime:  provisions  governing 
weekly  hours  of  44  for  skilled  workers  and 
50  for  labourers,  as  well  as  time  and  one- 
half  for  work  in  excess  of  regular  hours, 
remain    unchanged.      However    weekly    hours 


1504 


for  shovel  operators  and  pile  drivers,  as  well 
as  associated  occupations  (cartage  and  haul- 
age employees),  due  to  seasonal  nature  of 
their  work,  are  increased  from  55  to  60  per 
week;  overtime  rate  only  for  work  in  excess 
of  these  hours. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates  are  from  5  to 
15  cents  per  hour  higher  than  those  pre- 
viously in  effect  and  new  rates  for  certain 
classifications  are  now  as  follows:  sprinkler 
fitter,  cement  finisher,  reinforcing  steel 
erector,  crane  operator,  steam  or  heavy  gaso- 
line mixer  operator,  shovel  operator  $1.45; 
bricklayer,  plasterer,  mason,  cement  block 
layer,  joint  pointer  $1.62;  caulkers,  carpenter, 
joiner,  construction  mechanic  (concrete 
forms,  shop  or  job,  screen  laying,  wood  or 
metal,  frames,  windows,  weatherstrips,  etc.), 
roofer  (composition,  gravel,  sand,  asphalt), 
drill  operator  and  blaster,  blacksmith  (on 
job),  floor  scraper  and  polisher  (hand  or 
machine),  rigger,  saw  setter,  machinist, 
painter,  sprayman,  decorator,  glazier,  paper- 
hanger,  floor  varnisher,  plumber,  steam- 
fitter,  pipe  mechanic  (junior  journeyman), 
lather  (wood  or  metal),  terrazzo  polisher 
(wet)  $1.35;  journeyman-joiner  (first  year), 
grader,  bulldozer,  tractor  and  roller,  (steam 
or  gas)  operators,  journeyman  painter 
(first  year)  $1.20;  horse  driver,  labourer 
(common) ,  kettleman,  labourer  (hod  carrier) , 
wate>r  carrier  $1;  truck  driver,  freight 
elevator  operator,  asphalt  ramming  and 
spreading,  piping,  caulkers,  welders  $1.10; 
fireman  (construction),  electric  or  light 
gasoline  mixer  operator  $1.05;  journeyman 
plumber,  steamfitter  and  pipe  mechanic,  pipe 
insulation  mechanic,  pipe  welder  (acetyline 
or  electric),  oil  burner  mechanic,  cork  in- 
sulation layer,  tinsmith  and  sheetmetal 
roofer  (shop  or  job),  journeyman  electrician 
$1.50;  roofer  (slate  and  tile)  $1.70;  marble 
layer  $1.75;  terrazzo  and  tile  layer  $1.68, 
mastic  floor  layer  $1.60;  kettleman  (flooring 
only)  $1.30;  terrazzo  polisher  (dry)  $1.53; 
watchmen  (employed  also  as  fireman  with 
fourth  class  certificate,  unlimited  daily  hours, 
weekly  maximum  72)  $1.30;  material  checker 
and  timekeeper  $53  per  week  (an  increase  of 
$4.40).  Contractors — personal  services 
(plumbers,  steamfitters,  pipe  mechanics  and 
electricians)  $2.50  per  hour,  are  added  to 
the  wage  scale.  Work  performed  by  a  night 
shift  (second  shift)  will  be  compensated  for 
by  a  premium  of  15  cents  per  hour.  New 
minimum  rates  for  apprentices  to  the  various 
trades  are  published  in  this  amendment. 

Building  Trades,  Trois  Rivieres. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  July  23  and 
gazetted  August  1,  amends  the  previous 
Order  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
May,  p.  729). 

This  amendment  provides  that  construc- 
tion contracts  granted  and  signed  before  the 
effective  date  of  the  present  agreement  are 
subject  to  the  wage  rates  of  the  former 
agreement  until  their  completion.  However, 
such  contracts  are  governed  by  all  other 
provisions  of  the  present  agreement.  (The 
last  provision  is  added.) 

Structural      Iron      Industry      (Erection), 
Province   of   Quebec. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  July  23  and 
gazetted  August  1,  makes  obligatory  the 
terms  of  a  new  agreement  between  The 
Builders'  Exchange  Inc.,  Montreal  (Struc- 
tural    Iron     Industry     Section)      and     "The 


International  Association  of  Bridge,  Struc- 
tural and  Ornamental  Iron  Workers,  Local 
No.  711".  Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from 
August  1,  1953,  until  Marcn  31,  1954. 

The  terms  of  this  agreement  are  _  similar 
to  those  of  the  agreement  previously  in  effect 
(L.G.,  Nov.  1952,  p.  1481;  June  1953,  p.  886, 
Sept.,  p.  1327)  with  the  exception  of  the 
following: — 

Industrial  jurisdiction:  the  erection  and 
construction  of  ornamental  iron,  as  well  as 
construction  operations  involving  the  erec- 
tion (or  fabrication)  of  tank  and  other  plate 
work  is  not  mentioned  in  the  present  agree- 
ment.    (Other  conditions  are  unchanged.) 

Territorial  jurisdiction:  the  entire  prov- 
ince of  Quebec.  However,  outside  the  Island 
of  Montreal,  the  cities  of  Quebec  and 
Sherbrooke  (the  latter  two  are  added),  the 
agreement  will  apply  only  to  metal  construc- 
tion operations  amounting  to  50  tons  or 
more.  (Previously  to  operations,  whose  cost, 
including  wages  and  materials,  amounted  to 
$25,000,  or  more.) 

Hours  and  overtime  provisions  are  un- 
changed as  follows:  8  per  day,  40  per  week 
for  tradesmen  and  apprentices;  9  per  day, 
50  per  week  for  labourers.  Time  and  one- 
half  for  work  done  by  tradesmen  and 
apprentices  in  excess  of  regular  hours; 
double  time  for  work  on  Sundays  and  11 
specified  holidays. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates:  structural 
steel  erector,  structural  steel  welder,  burner, 
rigger,  machinery  mover  $1.90  (an  increase 
of  10  cents  per  hour)  ;  apprentices  rates  of 
70  and  80  per  cent  of  journeyman's  rate  in 
first  and  second  years,  respectively,  are 
unchanged.  (The  classifications  burner, 
rigger  and  machinery  mover  are  added.) 

Vacation  with  pay:  employees  contin- 
uously in  the  service  of  one  employer  during 
the  vacation  with  pay  credit  period  are 
entitled  to  7  days  continuous  vacation,  with 
pay  equal  to  2  per  cent  of  gross  earnings 
for  such  credit  period.  Credit  stamps  may 
be  redeemed  from  the  Commission. 

Provisions  governing  travelling  time  are 
added  and  the  ratio  of  apprentices  to  the 
number  of  structural  steel  workers  employed 
is  now  one  apprentice  for  each  3  (previously 
5),  or  fraction  thereof,  employed  on  any  job. 

Trade 

Hardware,  Paint  and  Building  Materials 
Stores,   Quebec. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  July  30  and 
gazetted  August  8,  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
1950,  p.  1681;  1951,  p.  1253;  March  1952, 
p.  298,  Aug.,  p.  1084,  and  previous  issues) . 
This  amendment  to  be  in  effect  from  June  1, 
1953. 

Minimum  wage  rates  of  weekly  rated 
employees  engaged  in  establishments  not 
exclusively  dealing  in  the  sale  of  building 
materials,  as  well  as  weekly  rates  for 
employees  in  stores  engaged  in  the  sale  of 
building  materials  only,  are  increased  by 
from  $1  to  $2  per  week.  Minimum  hourly 
rates  for  extra  and  supernumerary  clerks 
and  trade  apprentices  in  establishments  not 
wholly  engaged  in  the  sale  of  building 
materials  are  from  2  to  4  cents  per  hour 
higher. 


1505 


Service 

Tavern  Employees,   Quebec. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  July  16  and 
gazetted  July  25,  amends  the  previous  Orders 
in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G.,  1946, 
p.  1774;  1948,  p.  1249;  1950,  p.  518;  1951, 
p.  977;  July  1952,  p.  931,  and  previous 
issues).  The  present  agreement,  as  amended, 
will  be  in  effect  until  December  1,  1954, 
thereafter    from    year    to    year,    subject    to 


notice.  The  present  amendment  to  be  in 
effect  from  January  1,  1953. 

Specified  holidays:  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Day 
will  be  a  paid  holiday  for  regular  employees 
increasing  the  total  paid  holidays  to  8. 

Minimum  wage  rates  are  increased  by  $2 
per  week  for  weekly  rated  employees  and 
by  5  cents  per  hour  for  hourly  rated 
employees.  (Weekly  hours  remain  at  54 
per  week.) 


Industrial  Standards  Acts,  etc, 


Recent  proceedings  under  the  Industrial 
Standards  Acts,  Etc*.,  include  eight  new 
schedules,  one  made  for  the  first  time,  and 
the  amendment  of  three  others.  In  addi- 
tion to  those  summarized  below,  they 
include:  the  amendment  of  the  schedule 
for  plumbers  at  Moncton,  published  in 
The  Royal  Gazette,  New  Brunswick,  of 
August  26,  and  the  amendment  of  the 
schedules  for  barbers  in  the  Sarnia-Point 
Edward  and  Stratford  Zones  in  The  Ontario 
Gazette  of  August  8. 

ONTARIO 
Construction 

Painters  and  Decorators,  Toronto. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  June  18  and 
gazetted  July  4,  makes  obligatory  the  terms 
of  a  new  schedule  for  painters  and  deco- 
rators in  the  Toronto  Zone,  to  be  in  effect 
from  July  14,  1953,  during  pleasure. 


*In  six  provinces — Nova  Scotia,  New 
Brunswick,  Ontario,  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan 
and  Alberta — legislation  provides  that,  follow- 
ing a  petition  from  representatives  of 
employers  and  employees  in  any  (or  speci- 
fied) industries,  the  provincial  Minister 
charged  with  the  administration  of  the  Act 
may  himself,  or  through  a  government 
official  delegated  by  him,  call  a  confer- 
ence of  representatives  of  employers  and 
employees.  This  conference  is  for  the  pur- 
pose of  investigating  and  considering  the 
conditions  of  labour  in  the  industry  and  of 
negotiating  minimum  rates  of  wages  and 
maximum  hours  of  work.  A  schedule  of 
wages  and  hours  of  labour  drawn  up  at  such 
a  conference,  if  the  Minister  considers  that 
it  has  been  agreed  to  by  a  proper  and 
sufficient  representation  of  employers  and 
employees,  may  on  his  recommendation  be 
made  binding  by  Order  in  Council  in  all 
zones  designated  by  the  Minister.  The 
Minister  may  also  establish  an  advisory 
committee  for  every  zone  to  which  a 
schedule  applies  to  assist  in  carrying  out 
the  provisions  of  the  Act  and  the  regula- 
tions. References  to  the  summaries  of  these 
Acts  and  to  amendments  to  them  are  given 
in  the   Labour   Gazette,   August   1953;   p.   1168. 


This  schedule  is  similar  to  the  one  pre- 
viously in  effect  (L.G.,  1951,  p.  693)  with 
the  exception  of  the  following: — 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates  for  work  done 
during  the  regular  working  period  of  a 
regular  work  day  and  for  night  work  are 
increased  by  20  cents  to  $1.75  per  hour  (to 
and  including  September  30,  1953)  ;  addi- 
tional increases  are  provided  as  follows: 
$1.85  from  and  including  October  1,  1953, 
to  and  including  April  30,  1954;  $1.95  on 
and  after  May  1,  1954.  (Weekly  hours  are 
unchanged  at  40  per  week.) 

Electricians,   Welland. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  June  18  and 
gazetted  July  4,  makes  binding  the  terms 
of  a  first  schedule  for  the  electrical  repair 
and  construction  industry  in  the  Welland 
Zone,  to  be  in  effect  from  July  14,  1953, 
during  pleasure. 

Hours:  8  per  day,  Monday  through  Friday, 
4  on  Saturday,  44  per  week.  Provision  is 
made  for  shift  work. 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work  done 
during  the  7-hour  period  immediately  follow- 
ing a  regular  work  day  (Monday  through 
Friday),  on  Saturday  after  midday;  double 
time  for  all  other  overtime  including  Sunday 
and  7  specified  holidays.  With  the  exception 
of  one  hour  immediately  following  a  regular 
work  day  (Monday  through  Friday),  no 
overtime  work  will  be  done  without  a  permit 
from  the  advisory  committee.  Permits  will 
be  issued  only  to  employers. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rate:  $1.95  per 
hour.  The  advisory  committee  may  fix  a 
lower  minimum  rate  for  handicapped 
persons. 

Bricklayers,   Ottawa. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  July  22  and 
gazetted  August  8,  makes  obligatory  the 
terms  of  a  new  schedule  for  the  bricklaying 
and  stonemasonry  industry  in  the  Ottawa 
Zone,  to  be  in  effect  from  August  18,  1953, 
during  pleasure. 

Hours:  8  per  day,  Monday  through  Friday, 
40  per  week.  Work  which  cannot  be  done 
during  the  regular  working  day  may  be  done 
during  any  other  hours,  if  an  employee  does 
not  work  more  than  8  hours,  and  such  work 
will  be  night  work.  Provision  is  made  for 
shift  work. 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work 
between  5  p.m.  and  10  p.m.  on  a  regular 
working  day  and  between  8  a.m.  and  midday 


1506 


Saturday;  double  time  for  all  other  over- 
time work  and  for  work  on  Sundays  or  any 
of  5  specified  holidays. 

Minimum  hourly  ivage  rate  is  increased 
from  $1.55  (L.G.,  Oct.  1948)  to  $2  per  hour 
for  work  done  during  a  regular  working 
period  and  for  night  work.  Employees  on 
shift  work  will  receive  8  hours'  pay  for  7 
hours'  work.  The  advisory  committee  may 
fix  a  lower  minimum  rate  for  those  workers 
partly  subject  to  the  schedule  or  those  who 
are  handicapped. 

Carpenters,   Ottawa. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  July  22  and 
gazetted  August  8,  makes  binding  the  terms 
of  a  new  schedule  for  the  carpentry  indus- 
try in  the  Ottawa  Zone,  to  be  in  effect  from 
August  18,  1953,  during  pleasure. 

The  terms  of  this  schedule  are  similar 
to  those  previously  in  effect  (L.G.,  Dec. 
1952,  p.  1602)  with  the  exception  of  the 
following: — 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rate  for  a  40-hour 
week  is  increased  by  10  cents  to  $1.75  per 
hour. 

Electricians,    Ottawa. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  July  22  and 
gazetted  August  8,  makes  binding  the  terms 
of  a  new  schedule  for  the  electrical  repair 
and  construction  industry  in  the  Ottawa 
Zone,  to  be  in  effect  from  August  18,  1953, 
during  pleasure. 

The  terms  of  this  schedule  are  similar 
to  those  previously  in .  effect  (L.G., 
1951,  p.  1110)  with  the  exception  of  the 
following: — 

Overtime:  $2.92  for  work  done  during  the 
4-hour  period  immediately  following  a 
regular  work  day;  double  time  for  all  other 
overtime  and  on  Saturdays,  Sundays,  or  any 
of  6  specified  holidays. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rate  is  increased 
from  $1.50  (L.G.,  Aug.  1951)  to  $1.95  per 
hour  during  regular  working  periods;  from 
$1.71*  to  $2.23  for  night  work.  (Weekly 
hours  remain  at  40.) 

SASKATCHEWAN 
Construction 
Carpenters,   Moose  Jaw. 

An  Order  in  Council  approved  July  13  and 
gazetted  July  24,  makes  binding  the  terms 
of  a  new  schedule  for  the  carpentry  indus- 
try at  Moose  Jaw  and  within  a  radius  of 
20  miles  of  its  limits,  to  be  in  effect  from 
August  3,  1953. 

Hours  are  unchanged  at  8  per  day,  40  per 
week.     Provision  is  made  for  night  work. 

Overtime:  as  previously  in  effect,  time  and 
one-half  for  the  first  4  hours'  work  in  excess 
of  8  per  day;  double  time  thereafter,  and 
on  Saturdays  and  Sundays. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rate:  $1.75  per  hour 
(an  increase  of  10  cents) ;  carpenters  in 
charge  will  be  paid  not  less  than  15  cents 
per  hour  extra.  Shift  work. will  be  paid  for 
at  the  rate  of  8  hours'  pay  for  7  hours' 
work.  Any  employee  required  to  report,  and 
who  reports,  for  work  will  be  paid  at  least 
4  hours'  wages  at  regular  rates  provided 
that  if  such  employee  works  less  than  4 
hours  due  to  inclement  weather,  or  is  dis- 
charged for  incompetence,  he  will  be  paid 
only  for  the  hours  worked. 


Carpenters,   Swift   Current. 

An  Order  in  Council  approved  July  13 
and  gazetted  July  24,  makes  binding  the 
terms  of  a  new  schedule  for  the  carpentry 
industry  at  Swift  Current  and  within  a 
radius  of  10  miles  of  'its  limits,  to  be  in 
effect  from  August  3,  1953. 

Hours:  8  per  day,  Monday  through  Friday, 
4  on  Saturday,  44  per  week.  Provision  is 
made  for  night  work. 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  the  first 
4  hours  in  excess  of  8  hours  per  day;  double 
time  thereafter  and  on  Saturday  afternoons 
and  Sundays. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates:  journeymen 
$1.70,  carpenters  (other  than  journeymen) 
$1.45  per  hour.  (The  above  rates  are  15 
cents  per  hour  higher  than  those  previously 
in  effect.)  Journeymen  in  charge  of  4  or 
more  men  will  be  paid  15  cents  per  hour 
over  and  above  the  rates  for  journeymen. 
Any  employee  required  to  report,  and  who 
reports,  for  work  will  be  paid  at  least  4 
hours'  wages  at  regular  rates  provided  that 
if  such  employee  works  less  than  4  hours 
due  to  inclement  weather,  or  is  discharged 
for  incompetence,  he  will  be  paid  only  for 
the  hours  worked. 

ALBERTA 
Trade 
Dairy  Industry,   Calgary. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  June  30  and 
gazetted  July  15,  makes  binding  a  new 
schedule  for  the  dairy  industry  at  Calgary, 
to  be  in  effect  from  July  25,  1953,  for  a 
period  of  12  months,  or  thereafter,  during 
pleasure. 

Hours:  salesmen  (on  commission) — 9  per 
day  (maximum),  44  per  week  of  5  days  (40 
weeks  from  September  to  June),  44  per  week 
of  6  days  (12  weeks,  June  to  September) ; 
ice  cream  and  butter  departments,  permanent 
employees — 8  per  day  (maximum),  40  per 
week  of  5  days  (September  to  May),  44  per 
week  of  5J  days  (May  to  September) ;  other 
employees — 8  per  day,  40  per  week;  tem- 
porary employees — 44  per  week  of  5J  days 
(May,  June,  July,  August).  (Salesmen 
previously  worked  45  hours  per  6  day  week, 
maximum;  other  male  and  female  employees 
8  per  day,  44  per  week.) 

Overtime:  plant  employees — time  and  one- 
half  ordinary  rate  (for  salesmen  time  and 
one-half  the  basic  rates  paid)  ;  double  time 
for  work  on  any  of  8  paid  holidays,  subject 
to  alternative  provisions  that  may  be 
adopted  by  employer. 

Minimum  wage  rates:  plant  (male)  — 
special  dairy  help  $208.20  per  month  (an 
increase  of  $20.80) ;  experienced  dairy  help 
$193.20,  inexperienced  dairy  help,  first  90 
days  $178.20,  second  90  days  $185.70;  plant 
(female)  — experienced  $158.20,  inexper- 
ienced, first  90  days  $143.20,  second  90  days 
$150.70.  (Rates  shown  above,  except  that 
for  male,  special  dairy  help,  are  $10.80  per 
month  higher.)  Minimum  base  rates  for 
salesmen  (retail)  are  $10.80  per  month 
higher  as  follows:  retail  drivers  $197.20  per 
month  (base  pay),  plus  commission  of  1  cent 
per    unit    on    units    sold    between    8,001    and 

10.000  units    per    month,    If    cents    between 

10.001  and  12,000,  2$  cents  over  12,000; 
route  reliefmen  $228.20  (base  pay),  plus 
average  commission  on  routes  assigned  to 
relief  man's    swing,    route    supervisor    $240.70 

(Continued  on  p.  151k) 


1507 


Labour    Law 


This  section,  prepared  by  the  Legisla- 
tion Branch,  reviews  labour  laws  as  they 
are  enacted  by  Parliament  and  the 
provincial  legislatures,  regulations  under 
these  laws,  and  selected  court  decisions 
affecting  labour. 


Labour  Legislation  Enacted  by 

21st  Parliament  at  7th  Session 

Of  special  interest:  anti-discrimination  law  applying  to  employment 
under  federal  jurisdiction,  amendments  to  Unemployment  Insurance  and 
Seamen  Compensation  Acts,  and  grant  for  health  services  to  disabled 

At  the  1952-53  session  of  Parliament, 
November  20  to  May  14,  a  new  type  of 
labour  law,  the  Canada  Fair  Employment 
Practices  Act,  was  passed,  the  Unemploy- 
ment Insurance  Act  was  amended,  and 
benefits  under  the  Merchant  Seamen 
Compensation    Act   were   increased. 

Half  a  million  dollars  was  voted  for 
new  health  grants  to  provide  rehabilitation 
services  for  the  disabled.  Provision  was 
made  for  assistance  to  children  whose 
fathers  died  as  a  result  of  war  service  to 
enable  them  to  pursue  their  education 
beyond  secondary  school.  Revision  of  the 
superannuation  legislation  for  federal 
public  servants  will  bring  most  regular 
full-time  employees  within  the  Act.  The 
total  cumulative  statutory  appropriations 
under  the  National  Housing  Act  were  in- 
creased to  $750  million  and  a  number  of 
amendments  made  to  improve  the  opera- 
tion of  the  Act. 

The  Emergency  Powers  Act  was 
extended  to  May  31,  1954. 

Legislation  governing  trade  marks  was 
revised  and  consolidated,  the  culmination 
of  years  of  study  by  the  groups  closely 
concerned.  This  is  the  legislation  under 
which  union  labels  and  shop  cards  may  be 
registered  to  prevent  unauthorized  use. 

New  legislation  enables  co-operative 
credit  societies  operating  under  provincial 
Acts  to  form  national  associations  and 
provides  safeguards  and  supervision  for 
such  associations. 


Fair  Employment  Practices 

The  anti-discrimination  Bill  announced 
in  the  Speech  from  the  Throne  and 
introduced  by  the  Minister  of  Labour  early 
in  January  was  the  third  federal  measure 
dealing  with  discrimination  in  employment 
on  grounds  of  race,  national  origin,  colour 
or  religion.  An  amendment  to  the  Unem- 
ployment Insurance  Act  in  1952  placed  an 
obligation  on  the  Unemployment  Insurance 
Commission  to  see  that  there  is  no  dis- 
crimination on  these  grounds  in  respect  to 


referrals  to  employment  through  its  offices, 
and  an  Order  in  Council  effective  January 
1,  1953,  required  a  non-discrimination 
clause  to  be  included  in  government  con- 
struction and  supplies  contracts  to  which 
the  fair  wage   conditions  are  applicable. 

The  Bill  was  approved  in  principle  by 
all  parties  in  the  House.  Extracts  from 
the  debates  appeared  in  the  May  issue 
at  p.  667  and  the  June  issue  at  p.  832. 
Several  amendments  proposed  by  the 
standing  committee  on  industrial  relations 
were  adopted.  These  added  a  definition 
stating  that  national  origin  as  used  in  the 
Act  includes  nationality  and  ancestry  and 
changed  another  section  so  as  to  prohibit 
specifically  the  use  of  application  forms 
containing  questions  pointing  to  a  prefer- 
ence or  limitation  prohibited  by  the  Act. 
A  provision  was  added  to  the  effect  that 
whenever  a  question  arises  as  to  whether 
a  trade  union  discriminates  contrary  to 
the  Act,  "no  presumption  shall  be  made 
or  inference  drawn  from  the  name  of  the 
trade  union."  The  effective  date  for  the 
legislation  was  set  at  July  1,  1953. 

The  basic  provisions  of  the  Canada  Fair 
Employment  Practices  Act  are: — 

No  employer  shall  refuse  to  employ  or  to 
continue  to  employ,  or  otherwise  discrim- 
inate against  any  person  in  regard  to 
employment  or  any  term  or  condition  of 
employment  because  of  his  race,  national 
origin,  colour  or  religion. 
and 

No  trade  union  shall  exclude  any  person 
from  full  membership  or  expel  or  suspend 
or  otherwise  discriminate  against  any  of 
its  members  or  discriminate  against  any 
person  in  regard  to  his  employment  by  any 
employer,  because  of  that  person's  race, 
national   origin,  colour  or  religion. 

Further,  an  employer  is  prohibited  from 
using  an  employment  agency  that  discrim- 


1508 


inates  on  these  grounds.  No  one  may  use 
an  application  form  or  publish  an  adver- 
tisement or  make  a  written  or  oral  inquiry 
in  connection  with  employment  that 
expresses,  either  directly  or  indirectly, 
"any  limitation,  specification  or  preference 
as  to  race,  national  origin,  colour  or 
religion"  unless  it  is  based  upon  a  bona 
fide  occupational  qualification.  Discrim- 
ination against  a  person  who  files  a  com- 
plaint or  gives  evidence  or  otherwise  assists 
in  the  prosecution  of  a  complaint  under 
the  Act  is  also  forbidden. 

The  Act  applies  to  undertakings  within 
the  legislative  authority  of  Parliament, 
listed  much  as  in  the  Industrial  Relations 
and  Disputes  Investigation  Act,  and  crown 
corporations;  persons  employed  or  seeking 
employment  in  these  undertakings;  and 
trade  unions  composed  of  such  employees. 
An  employer  of  fewer  than  five  persons  is 
excluded. 

A  person  who  claims  to  be  aggrieved 
because  of  a  violation  of  the  Act  may  file 
a  complaint  in  writing  with  "the  Director", 
an  officer  of  the  Department  of  Labour 
designated  by  the  Minister  to  receive  com- 
plaints. The  procedure  on  receipt  of  a 
complaint  is  for  the  Director  to  send  an 
officer  to  investigate  the  complaint  "and 
endeavour  to  effect  a  settlement  of  the 
matters  complained  of."  If  the  officer 
reports  that  he  is  unable  to  effect  a 
settlement,  the  Minister,  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  Director,  may  appoint  an 
Industrial  Inquiry  Commission  to  deal 
with  the  matters  involved  in  the  com- 
plaint. The  Commission,  which  has  the 
same  ample  powers  to  conduct  a  full 
inquiry  as  an  Industrial  Inquiry  Commis- 
sion under  the  Industrial  Relations  and 
Disputes  Investigation  Act,  and  receives 
the  same  remuneration,  will  inquire  into 
the  matter  "and  shall  give  full  oppor- 
tunity to  all  parties  to  present  evidence 
and  make  representations."  If  any  matter 
involved  in  a  well-founded  complaint  is 
not  settled,  the  Commission  is  to  set  out 
in  a  report  to  the  Minister  the  course 
that  ought  to  be  taken.  The  Minister  will 
send  a  copy  of  the  recommendation  to 
each  of  the  persons  affected,  and  he  may 
make  it  public.  He  has  authority  to  issue 
whatever  order  he  deems  necessary  to 
carry  out  the  Commission's  recommenda- 
tions, which  may  include  reinstatement, 
with  or  without  compensation  for  loss  of 
employment.     His  order  is  enforceable. 

A  person  who  does  any  of  the  things 
prohibited  by  the  Act  or  who  neglects  to 
do  anything  required  by  the  Act  is  guilty 
of  an  offence  and  is  liable  on  summary 
conviction,  if  an  individual,  to   a  fine  not 


exceeding  $100  and  if  a  corporation,  trade 
union,  employers'  organization  or  employ- 
ment agency,  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  $500. 
If  an  employer  is  convicted  of  discrim- 
inating against  an  employee  because  he 
has  filed  a  complaint  under  the  Act,  in 
addition  to  the  above  penalty,  he  may 
be  required  to  pay  compensation  for  loss 
of  employment  and  to  reinstate  the 
employee  in  the  position  he  would  have 
held  had  the  discriminatory  act  not  taken 
place. 

The  Minister's  consent  is  required  for 
instituting  prosecution  for  an  offence  under 
the  Act. 

The  Minister  has  further  authority  on 
his  own  initiative  where  he  deems  it 
expedient  to  undertake  "such  inquiries  and 
other  measures  as  appear  advisable  to  him 
to  promote  the  purposes  of  the  Act." 

Similar  legislation  was  enacted  in 
Ontario  in  1951  and  in  Manitoba  at  the 
last  session. 

Unemployment  Insurance 

An  amendment  to  the  Unemployment 
Insurance  Act  which  came  into  force  on 
August  3  provides  that  a  person  who  is 
receiving  benefits  under  the  Act  will  con- 
tinue to  receive  benefits  even  if  he  becomes 
incapable  of  work  by  reason  of  illness, 
injury  or  quarantine  during  his  period  of 
entitlement.  The  amendment  does  not 
provide  for  payment  of  benefit  to  persons 
who  lose  their  employment  as  a  result  of 
illness,  injury  or  quarantine,  or  who 
become  ill,  injured  or  quarantined  before 
the  time  at  which  benefit  would  otherwise 
be  payable  to  them.  Extracts  from  the 
House  of  Commons  Debates  on  passage 
of  the  Bill  appeared  in  the  June  issue  at 
p.  830,  and  a  report  of  the  amendment  in 
the  August  issue  at  p.  1116. 

Merchant  Seamen  Compensation 

An  amendment  to  the  Merchant  Seamen 
Compensation  Act,  proclaimed  in  force 
from  June  1,  1953,  increases  the  benefits 
payable  under  the  Act. 

The  Act,  which  has  been  administered 
by  the  Department  of  Labour  since  January 
1,  1950,  provides  for  compensation  to  a 
disabled  seaman  or  to  dependants  of  a 
deceased  seaman  in  case  of  an  accident 
arising  out  of  his  employment.  The  com- 
pensation is  not  payable  if  the  seaman 
or  his  dependants  are  eligible  for  com- 
pensation under  a  provincial  workmen's 
compensation  law  or  the  Government 
Employees  Compensation  Act.  Shipping 
companies  are  required  to  cover  the  risks 
of  compensation  by  insurance  or  other 
satisfactory  means. 


1509 


The  amendment  makes  the  following 
changes  in  the  cash  benefits:  funeral 
expenses  are  raised  from  $125  to  $200;  the 
monthly  payment  to  a  widow  is  raised 
from  $45  to  $50,  for  a  child  under  18 
from  $10  to  $15,  and  for  an  orphan  child 
from  $20  to  $25;  the  minimum  compen- 
sation payable  in  total  disability  cases  is 
increased  from  $12.50  to  $15  a  week  or 
average  earnings  if  they  are  less  than  $15. 

The  maximum  annual  earnings  on  which 
compensation  may  be  based  were  raised 
from  $2,500  to  $3,600  a  year. 

Previously,  a  seaman  could  not  receive 
compensation  for  an  injury  unless  he  was 
disabled  for  at  least  seven  days.  The 
amendment  makes  compensation  payable 
after  four  days. 

Most  claims  for  compensation  under  this 
Act  come  from  the  Maritime  Provinces. 
These  changes  are  in  line  with  changes  in 
recent  years  in  the  workmen's  compensa- 
tion legislation  of  those  provinces,  thus 
making  compensation  payable  to  injured 
seamen  comparable  to  that  payable  to 
other  classes  of  workmen. 

Women's  Bureau 

Provision  was  made  in  the  estimates  of 
the  Department  of  Labour  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  women's  bureau  to  study 
the  problems  of  women  workers.  The 
statement  of  the  Minister  of  Labour  to  the 
House  of  Commons  on  the  proposed  bureau 
was  reported  in  the  June  issue  at  p.  835. 

Rehabilitation  of  the  Disabled 

In  the  estimates  of  the  Department  of 
National  Health  and  Welfare  was  a  new 
federal  health  grant  to  the  provinces  for 
rehabilitation  of  the  disabled.  The  Min- 
ister of  National  Health  and  Welfare 
stated  in  the  debate  on  the  estimates  that 
the  purpose  of  the  grant  is  to  fill  the  gaps 
in  existing  programs,  to  help  develop  suit- 
able services  for  handicapped  persons  not 
already  provided  for  by  government  or 
voluntary  agencies.  Amputation  cases, 
paraplegics  and  victims  of  accidents  for 
whom  there  is  no  other  provision  would 
be  among  those  receiving  assistance. 

The  National  Advisory  Committee  on 
Rehabilitation  proposed  a  grant  of  this 
type  in  February  1952. 

The  grant  will  amount  to  $500,000  for 
the  first  year  and  a  million  dollars  for 
each  subsequent  year.  The  provinces  will 
receive  $10,000  each  with  the  balance  of 
the  yearly  grant  allotted  according  to 
population.  Care  will  be  taken  in  the 
approval  of  projects  to  ensure  a  unified 
program. 


The  Minister  listed  the  three  main 
purposes  for  which  the  funds  will  be  used: 
the  training  of  professional  rehabilitation 
workers,  including  physicians,  therapists, 
nurses  and  social  workers;  the  provision 
of  medical  rehabilitation  equipment;  and 
the  extension  of  rehabilitation  health  ser- 
vices. Training  and  equipment  projects 
can  be  financed  entirely  out  of  federal 
funds  under  the  grant  but  the  provinces 
must  share  equally  in  the  cost  of  extending 
services.  These  services  may  include  the 
starring  of  hospitals  and  rehabilitation 
centres,  the  financing  of  surveys  and  the 
setting  up  of  specialized  clinics. 

Activities  under  the  new  grant  will  be 
closely  co-ordinated  with  the  vocational 
training  and  special  placement  programs 
of  the  Department  of  Labour. 

Education  Assistance  to  Children  of  War  Dead 

A  new  Act  passed  this  year,  the 
Children  of  War  Dead  (Education  Assis- 
tance) Act,  is  designed  to  provide  educa- 
tion assistance  to  the  children  of  veterans 
who  died  as  a  result  of  military  service 
during  the  First  or  Second  World  Wars 
or  in  Korea.  It  will  assist  children  who 
are  pensioned  under  the  Pension  Act  to 
obtain  an  education  in  institutions  for 
which  high  school  graduation  is  a  pre- 
requisite, e.g.  universities,  normal  schools 
and  nursing  schools.  A  child  whose 
pension  was  discontinued  on  reaching  the 
age  of  21  years  is  not  ineligible  for  financial 
assistance  under  this  Act. 

The  Act  provides  for  the  payment  of 
the  whole  or  part  of  education  costs  as 
prescribed  by  regulation  and  for  the  pay- 
ment of  a  monthly  allowance  of  $25  during 
a  period  of  full-time  study,  which  must 
not  exceed  four  academic  years  or  36 
months,  whichever  is  the  lesser. 

The  allowance  or  costs  may  not  be  paid 
in  respect  of  a  student  who  has  reached 
the  age  of  25  years  except  to  enable  him 
to  complete  the  academic  year  in  which 
he  reaches  that  age.  To  be  eligible  for 
assistance  under  the  Act,  a  student  must 
begin  his  post-secondary  education  within 
15  months  after  the  coming  into  force  of 
the  Act  on  July  1,  1953,  or  after  the  com- 
pletion of  his  matriculation,  high  school 
graduation  or  equivalent  education.  The 
Minister  of  Veterans  Affairs  may  extend  the 
time  limits  if  a  student  is  unable  to  com- 
mence or  resume  a  course  within  those  limits 
because  of  ill  health  or  other  good  reason. 

Payments  will  be  discontinued  if  a 
student  who  has  failed  in  one  or  more 
classes  or  subjects  in  an  academic  year 
fails  in  more  than  one  of  the  supple- 
mentary examinations. 


1510 


Veterans'  Benefits 

The  Veterans  Benefit  Act,  1951,  was 
•extended  for  another  year,  to  the  last  day 
of  the  first  session  of  Parliament  in  1954. 
This  is  the  Act  under  which  veterans' 
benefits  are  made  available  to  men  now 
serving  in  the  forces. 

Superannuation  for  Federal  Public  Servants 

A  new  Public  Service  Superannuation 
Act  was  passed  to  consolidate,  revise  and 
bring  up  to  date  the  pension  plan  for 
public  service  employees  first  inaugurated 
in  1870.  The  last  major  revision  of  the 
Civil  Service  Superannuation  Act  was  in 
1924.  The  Act  had  been  amended  ten 
times. 

Under  the  new  Act,  which  will  come  into 
force  on  proclamation,  benefits  are  payable 
as  a  matter  of  right  rather  than  as  a  matter 
of  grace.  Until  the  right  to  benefits  was  set 
out  in  the  Act,  all  superannuation  pay- 
ments were  grants  by  the  Governor  in 
Council  in  recognition  of  good  and  faithful 
service.  In  future,  payments  will  be 
matters  of  right  with  ultimate  recourse  to 
the  courts. 

The  most  important  reform  in  the  new 
legislation  is  the  extension  of  the  coverage 
•of  the  superannuation  plan  to  include 
nearly  all  regular  full-time  public  servants, 
an  estimated  60,000  additional  employees. 
Casual  or  part-time  employees,  and  the 
majority  of  prevailing  rates  or  seasonal 
employees,  are  not  covered.  The  distinc- 
tion between  "permanent"  and  "temporary" 
employees  has  been  abolished. 

After  a  period  of  not  more  than  one 
year  of  substantially  continuous  employ- 
ment, a  public  service  employee  is  required 
to  contribute  to  the  superannuation  fund. 
Once  a  contributor  has  five  years  of 
pensionable  service  to  his  credit,  he  is 
eligible  to  receive  benefits  if  his  employ- 
ment ceases.  If  a  contributor  ceases  to  be 
employed  during  the  first  five  years  he  is 
entitled  to  return  of  contributions. 

At  the  same  time  what  was  known  as 
the  "office  allowance"  was  abolished — an 
allowance  payable  for  life  on  abolition  of 
the  office  of  the  contributor. 

The  contribution  rates  are,  as  before, 
five  per  cent  for  women  and  six  per  cent 
for  men. 

Annuities  are  to  be  computed  by  multi- 
plying the  contributor's  number  of  years 
of  pensionable  service,  not  exceeding  35, 
by  two  per  cent  of  his  average  annual  salary 
during  his  best  ten  consecutive  years.  The 
only  change  here  is  in  the  method  of  arriv- 
ing at  the  average  annual  salary,  which 
under  the  present  Act  is  computed  on  the 
last  ten  years. 


Allowances  to  widows  of  contribtuors 
are,  as  before,  half  the  husband's  annuity 
plus  one-tenth  for  each  child,  but  the 
maximum  which  may  be  paid  to  a  widow 
and  children  will  now  be  placed  at  90 
per  cent  of  the  husband's  annuity  rather 
than  75  per  cent  as  before.  The  upper 
limits  for  orphans'  allowances  were  also 
raised  from  50  to  80  per  cent  of  a  deceased 
father's  annuity,  and  the  annual  limits  for 
each  child  of  $600,  or  $300  if  the  mother 
is  living,  were  removed. 

The  new  Act  does  not  specify  an 
obligatory  retirement  age,  but  the  Gov- 
ernor in  Council  may  fix  the  age  of 
retirement.  After  August  1,  1957,  super- 
annuation benefits  are  frozen  for  those 
already  over  65  and  will  be  frozen  for 
others  on  becoming  65. 

There  is  provision  in  the  Act  for  an 
advisory  committee,  to  consist  of  12 
persons  to  be  appointed  by  the  Governor 
in  Council  after  consultation  with  the 
National  Joint  Council,  to  assist  the  Min- 
ister of  Finance  on  matters  arising  in  con- 
nection with  the  administration  of  the  Act. 

An  actuarial  report  is  to  be  laid  before 
Parliament  at  least  once  every  five  years, 
containing  an  estimate  of  the  extent  to 
which  the  assets  of  the  superannuation 
account  are  sufficient  to  meet  the  cost  of 
benefits.  It  is  intended  that  the  employees' 
contributions  plus  an  equal  contribution 
from  the  Government  as  employer,  plus 
the  accumulated  interest,  should  finance 
the  plan. 

A  transitional  provision  will  make  the 
new  benefits  retroactive  to  December  31, 
1952,  for  any  contributor  to  the  super- 
annuation fund  who  ceases  to  be  employed 
in  the  public  service  after  that  date. 

National  Housing  Act 

An  amendment  to  the  National  Housing 
Act  increased  the  cumulative  statutory 
appropriations  under  the  Act  from  $300 
million  to  $500  million  for  home  owner- 
ship loans  and  losses  under  previous 
housing  Acts,  and  from  $150  million  to 
$250  million  for  rental  housing  loans. 

Another  section  was  amended  to  authorize 
approved  lending  institutions  to  act  as 
agents  for  the  Central  Mortgage  and 
Housing  Corporation  in  the  making  or 
administration  of  loans  that  the  Corpora- 
tion is  authorized  to  make.  This  is  a 
new  provision  added  for  greater  certainty 
to  the  section  which  now  authorizes  an 
approved  lending  institution  to  make  loans 
under  the  National  Housing  Act  up  to  80 
per  cent  of  the  lending  value  despite 
limitations  in  other  legislation  on  its  power 
to  lend. 


1511 


A  further  amendment  authorizes  the 
Corporation,  in  the  case  of  a  direct  loan, 
to  make  supplementary  loans  to  the 
borrower  when  it  is  necessary  to  do  so 
in  order  to  protect  the  mortgage  security. 
The  Act  already  gave  such  authority  in 
respect  to  joint  loans.  In  explaining  the 
amendment  in  the  House  of  Commons,  the 
Minister  of  Resources  and  Development 
used  as  an  example  a  situation  in  which 
the  central  heating  plant  in  a  large  housing 
development  might  require  to  be  replaced 
and  the  owners  might  not  be  in  a  posi- 
tion to  finance  the  installation  of  a  new 
plant.  The  amendment  would  permit  the 
Corporation  to  finance  the  installation  by 
way  of  supplementary  loan  so  as  to  keep 
the  project  rentable. 

The  section  of  the  Act  dealing  with 
what  is  known  as  the  Integrated  Housing 
Plan  was  also  amended.  This  is  the  pro- 
vision under  which  the  Corporation  was 
authorized  to  enter  into  contracts  with 
builders  to  encourage  the  construction  of 
houses  for  sale  to  veterans.  The  amend- 
ment provides  that  the  builder  is  to  pay 
a  premium  to  be  set  by  regulation  in 
consideration  of  the  Corporation's  covenant 
to  purchase  a  house  that  he  is  unable  to 
sell  on  the  market. 

Another  change  is  that  defence  workers 
as  well  as  veterans  may  be  given  prefer- 
ence in  purchasing  these  houses.  The 
arrangement  is  that  for  a  certain  period 
after  completion  of  the  house  the  builder 
cannot  consider  an  application  except  from 
a  veteran  or  a  person  engaged  in  the  pro- 
duction of  defence  supplies  as  defined  in 
the  Defence  Production  Act.  After  the 
expiration  of  the  specified  period  the  house 
may  be  offered  on  the  market  at  or  below 
the  price  fixed  in  the  builder's  contract 
with  the  Corporation. 

Under  the  Act,  rentals  for  units  of  a 
project  financed  under  the  Rental  Insur- 
ance Plan  are  controlled  by  agreement 
between  the  Corporation  and  the  owner 
for  a  three-year  period.  This  provision 
was  amended  to  make  the  rent  control 
period  of  three  years  in  respect  to  any 
unit  run  from  the  completion  of  each 
unit  rather  than  from  completion  of  the 
whole   project,   as  formerly. 

The  slum  clearance  section  of  the  Act 
was  amended  to  provide  that  the  grant 
which  the  federal  Government  may  make 
to  a  municipality  for  a  slum  clearance 
project  may  be  available  where  the 
cleared  land  is  being  bought  by  the 
Corporation  and  the  province  for  develop- 
ment under  the  plan  for  federal-provincial 
projects.      As    the    Act    stood    the    grant, 


which  is  limited  to  half  the  difference- 
between  the  cost  of  acquiring  the  slum 
area  plus  the  cost  of  its  clearance,  and  the 
price  at  which  it  is  sold,  was  only  avail- 
able where  the  land  was  sold  to  a 
limited-dividend  company  or  a  life  insur- 
ance company.  Another  change  in  this 
section  permits  the  cleared  area  to  be 
used  either  for  housing  purposes  or,  if  the 
municipality  makes  available  for  a  housing 
development  an  alternative  area  capable 
of  housing  at  least  as  many  persons  as 
were  living  in  the  cleared  area,  for  a 
municipal,  provincial  or  federal  public 
purpose. 

Emergency  Powers 

The  Emergency  Powers  Act  was 
amended  to  extend  the  period  during 
which  it  will  remain  in  force  to  May  31, 
1954.  As  passed  in  1951,  the  Act  was  to 
expire  on  May  31,  1952,  but  it  could  be 
continued  for  a  further  period  of  not 
more  than  a  year  by  the  presentation  to 
the  Governor  General  of  a  joint  address 
of  the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Commons 
requesting  that  it  be  kept  in  force.  In 
accordance  with  this  provision,  the  expiry 
date  was  set  in  1952  at  May  31,  1953. 

An  amendment  to  the  Act  was  intro- 
duced at  this  session  to  set  forward  the 
expiry  date  to  May  31,  1954,  and  to 
provide  as  before  that  it  could  be  further 
renewed  for  a  year  on  the  joint  address 
of  the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Commons. 
This  latter  provision  was  deleted  in  com- 
mittee, so  that  the  amendment  as  passed 
simply  sets  the  expiry  date  at  May  31  r 
1954. 

The  Act  confers  wide  powers  on  the 
Governor  in  Council  to  take  such  action 
as  is  deemed  necessary  for  the  "security, 
defence,  peace,  order  and  welfare  of 
Canada." 

Trade  Marks 

The  Trade  Marks  Act,  which  will  come 
into  force  on  proclamation,  is  a  revision 
and  consolidation  of  the  law  relating  to 
trade  marks,  replacing  the  Unfair  Com- 
petition Act,  1932. 

As  this  is  a  type  of  law  which  is  of  a 
technical  character  and  at  the  same  time  is 
of  practical  importance  to  commerce, 
industry  and  the  public,  an  unusual  amount 
of  preparation  went  into  the  drafting  of 
the  legislation.  In  1947,  after  the  inter- 
pretation and  application  of  the  Unfair 
Competition  Act  had  given  rise  to  con- 
siderable dissatisfaction,  the  Secretary  of 
State,  who  was  responsible  for  its  admin- 
istration, appointed  an  advisory  committee- 


1512 


-of  experts  to  study  the  representations  and 
.suggestions  already  submitted,  consult 
further  with  interested  organizations  and 
individuals,  and  if  they  deemed  it  advis- 
able, to  submit  a  draft  statute  for 
•consideration. 

The  committee  included  lawyers  special- 
izing in  the  law  of  trade  marks,  officials 
administering  the  Act,  representatives  of 
the  Canadian  Manufacturers'  Association, 
the  Canadian  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and 
the  Patent  Institute  of  Canada. 

In  carrying  out  its  functions,  the 
committee  distributed  questionnaires  and 
received  replies  from  interested  persons 
and  bodies  not  only  in  Canada,  but  in 
the  United  Kingdom  and  the  United 
States.  A  Bill  was  drafted  and  circu- 
lated, and  comments  on  the  draft  given 
further  consideration.  Finally,  the  com- 
mittee issued  a  report  dated  January  20, 
1953,  containing  a  draft  Bill  and  explana- 
tion of  the  recommended  changes.  In 
both  the  Senate  and  the  House  of 
Commons  the  Bill  received  further  study 
by  the  standing  committees  on  banking 
and  commerce. 

Speaking  on  second  reading  of  the  Bill 
in  the  House  of  Commons,  the  Secretary 
of  State  summed  up  the  main  changes 
as  follows:  (1)  the  elimination  of  the 
arbitray  division  of  trade  marks  into 
word  marks  and  design  marks;  (2)  a  more 
adequate  definition  of  what  constitutes  a 
trade  mark  in  the  light  of  modern  com- 
mercial practice;  (3)  the  applicability  of 
trade  marks  to  services  in  addition  to 
wares;  (4)  relaxation  of  the  rigid  rules 
applying  to  the  assignment  and  licence  of 
trade  marks;  (5)  clarification  of  the  prin- 
ciples governing  the  ownership  of  trade 
marks  in  Canada  and  the  persons  entitled 
to  registration,  including  the  right  to  file 
an  application  for  registration  prior  to 
commencing  actual  use;  (6)  provision  for 
publication  of  trade  mark  applications  and 
for  opposition  procedure;  (7)  gathering 
together  of  the  provisions  contained  in 
various  statutes  providing  prohibitions 
against  adoption  and  use  of  marks  and 
symbols  such  as,  for  example,  the  insignia 
of  the  Boy  Scouts.  .  He  pointed  out  also 
that  the  proposed  legislation  was  in  com- 
pliance with  the  obligations  Canada 
assumed  under  the  Convention  of  the 
Union  of  Paris  for  the  -  Protection  of 
Industrial  Property. 

Shop  cards  and  union  labels  may  both 
be  registered  under  the  new  legislation, 
the  shop  card  to  distinguish  services  offered 
by  union  labour,  and  the  union  label  to 
distinguish  wares  or  merchandise  produced 


by  union  labour.  The  Shop  Cards  Regis- 
tration Act  will  accordingly  be  repealed 
when   the   new   Act   comes   into    force. 

"Trade  mark"  as  defined  in  the  new  Act 
includes  a  certification  mark,  and  certifica- 
tion mark  includes  a  mark  that  is  used  to 
distinguish  "wares  or  services  that  are  of 
a  defined  standard  with  respect  to  the 
working  conditions  under  which  the  wares 
have  been  produced  or  the  services 
performed."  Certification  marks  in  the 
new  legislation  are  therefore  substantially 
the  same  thing  as  standardization  trade 
marks  in  the  present  Act,  which  include 
union  labels.  The  new  Act  provides,  as 
does  the  present  legislation,  that  "person" 
includes  any  lawful  trade  union,  and 
where  the  owner  of  a  registered  certifica- 
tion mark  is  an  unincorporated  body,  "any 
action  or  proceeding  to  prevent  unauthor- 
ized use  of  such  mark  may  be  brought  by 
any  member  of  such  body  on  behalf  of 
himself  and  all  other  members  thereof." 

Co-operative  Credit  Associations 

New  legislation,  the  Co-operative  Credit 
Associations  Act,  was  passed  to  provide 
for  the  organization  of  central  co-operative 
credit  associations  operating  in  more  than 
one  province.  The  new  Act  sets  out  the 
powers  of  such  an  association  and  provides 
for  supervision  by  the  Superintendent  of 
Insurance  similar  to  the  supervision  now 
exercised  over  certain  insurance,  trust  and 
loan  companies.  A  national  co-operative 
credit  association  will  require  to  be  in- 
corporated by  special  Act  of  Parliament. 

The  new  legislation  was  introduced 
because  a  group  of  provincial  central 
co-operative  societies  had  announced  their 
intention  to  apply  to  be  incorporated. 
This  group,  comprising  the  central  credit 
unions  of  Saskatchewan,  Nova  Scotia, 
British  Columbia,  Ontario,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  Alberta  and  Manitoba,  actually  did 
so  as  soon  as  the  new  legislation  was 
passed,  and  became  incorporated  under  a 
federal  Act  as  the  Canadian  Co-operative 
Credit  Society  Limited. 

The  main  object  of  a  national  associa- 
tion will  be  to  receive  deposits  from  its 
members  and  to  loan  money  to  its 
members  and  to  make  other  appropriate 
investments.  There  may  be  a  surplus  of 
cash  in  one  part  of  the  country  and  a 
demand  for  loans  in  another  part,  and 
with  the  establishment  of  national  asso- 
ciations it  will  be  possible  to  make  loans 
without  the  present  provincial  limitations. 

Membership  in  an  association  is  con- 
fined to  co-operative  credit  societies 
incorporated    by    special    Act,    or    declared 


1513 


by  Parliament  to  be  eligible  for  member- 
ship, not  more  than  ten  co-operative 
corporations  (other  than  credit  unions) 
carrying  on  business  in  two  or  more  prov- 
inces, and  not  more  than  15  natural 
persons. 

The  Act  sets  out  certain  things  an 
association  must  do.  For  instance,  it  must 
hold  an  organization  meeting  and  set  a 
time  for  general  annual  meetings  there- 
after, elect  or  appoint  a  board  of  directors, 
appoint  an  auditor,  etc.  An  association 
may  not  accept  money  on  deposit  or  lend 
money  or  otherwise  carry  on  business  until 
the  Treasury  Board  has  granted  it  a 
certificate  to  do  so,  after  being  satisfied 
that  the  requirements  of  the  Act  have 
been  complied  with. 

The  lending  and  investment  powers  of 
an  association  are  subject  to  certain 
limitations.  For  instance,  it  may  not  lend 
or  invest  any  funds  if  its  cash  on  hand 
and  in  the  bank  is  less  than  five  per  cent 
of  the  amount  on  deposit  with  the  asso- 
ciation. A  copy  of  the  annual  statement 
must  be  filed  with  the  Superintendent  of 
Insurance  and  the  auditor  is  to  report  on 
(he  adequacy  of  the  procedure  adopted  by 
the  association  to  safeguard  the  interests 
of  its  creditors  and  members.  The 
Superintendent  may  visit  the  head  office 
of  an  association  and  the  books  of  the 
association  must  be  made  available  to 
him  for  inspection,  and  he  may,  if  he 
deems  it  necessary,  require  a  special 
audit  to  be  made.  The  Superintendent 
is  required  to  report  annually  to  the 
Minister  of  Finance  on  the  condition  and 
affairs  of  each  association.  An  appeal 
from  a  ruling  of  the  Superintendent  or  as 
to  any  other  matter  arising  in  the  carry- 
ing out  of  the  provisions  of  the  Act  may 
be  made  to  the  Exchequer  Court  of 
Canada. 


Bills  Not  Passed 

A  private  member's  Bill  to  amend  the 
Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes  Investi- 
gation Act  by  providing  for  the  voluntary 
revocable  check-off  of  union  dues  was 
introduced  again  this  year  and  referred 
for  the  first  time  to  the  select  standing 
committee   on  industrial  relations. 

A  lengthly  debate  on  the  motion  for 
second  reading  centred  mainly  on  whether 
the  check-off  should  be  a  matter  for  legis- 
lation or  for  negotiation  under  collective 
bargaining  procedure.  Extracts  from  the 
Debates  appeared  in  the  January,  Feb- 
ruary and  March  issues  at  pages  31,  194 
and  377. 

As  the  result  of  an  amendment  made  by 
the  Minister  of  Labour  to  the  motion  for 
second  reading,  the  Bill  was  referred  to  the 
committee  for  study.  After  receiving 
briefs  and  hearing  witnesses,  the  com- 
mittee made  a  report  endorsing  the 
principle  of  the  Bill  and  recommending 
that  the  proposed  amendment  and  the 
submissions  which  the  committee  received 
be  considered  by  the  Government  in  its 
review  and  proposed  revision  of  the  Act. 
This  report  was  concurred  in  by  the 
House. 

Another  private  member's  Bill,  cited  as 
the  Women's  Equal  Pay  Act,  would  have 
prohibited  discrimination  between  men  and 
women  in  rates  of  pay  for  work  of 
comparable  character.  The  proposed 
legislation,  which  did  not  get  beyond  first 
reading,  would  have  applied  to  works  and 
undertakings  under  federal  jurisdiction, 
including  the  federal  civil  service.  Equal 
pay  legislation  is  in  force  in  Ontario  and 
Saskatchewan.  The  enforcement  procedure 
provided  for  by  the  Bill  followed  the  same 
pattern  as  that  in  the  provincial  Acts  and 
in  the  Canada  Fair  Employment  Practices 
Act, 

A  Fair  Employment  Practices  Bill, 
introduced  by  the  same  member,  was  with- 
drawn after  the  Government  introduced  a 
Bill  on  the  same  subject. 


Industrial  Standards  Acts 

(Continued  from  p.  1507) 

(base  pay),  plus  average  commission  of 
route  reliefmen,  experienced  route  helpers 
$188.20.  Minimum  base  rates  for  wholesale 
route  salesmen  $206.60  per  month  plus  aver- 
age commission  of  retail  salesmen,  wholesale 
route  reliefmen  $248.20  plus  average  commis- 
sion of  routes  assigned  to  reliefmen  (in- 
creases in  base  rates  of  $30.20  and  $43.80 
respectively) . 


Vacation  with  pay:  one  week  with  pay  to 
employees  with  one  year's  service  but  less 
than  two  years  prior  to  March  1  of  each 
year;  two  weeks  with  pay  for  2  years' 
service;  three  weeks  with  pay  for  20  or 
more  years  of  continuous  service;  one-half 
day  with  pay  for  each  23  days'  service  to 
employees  with  less  than  one  year  of  service. 

Employers  paying  higher  wage  rates,  or 
working  their  employees  less  hours  than  this 
schedule  provides  for,  are  prohibited  from 
decreasing  the  wages  or  increasing  the  hours 
during  the   term  of  this  schedule. 


1514 


Legal  Decisions  Affecting  Labour 

Cases  concerning  picketing  and  jurisdictional  dispute  arising  out  of 
collective  agreement  dealt  with  in  British  Columbia.  Appeal  court 
in   New  York    affirms    an  order  of   Commission  Against   Discrimination 


The  British  Columbia  Supreme  Court  has  refused  to  continue  an  injunc- 
tion outlawing  all  picketing  by  a  construction  workers'  union.  It  found, 
however,  that  a  union  official  had  engaged  in  illegal  intimidation  and 
prohibited  its  repetition. 

In  another  case,  the  Court  determined  which  of  two  unions  was  entitled 
to  perform  certain  drilling  operations  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  a 
collective  agreement. 

maintained  that  the  only  remark  he  had 
addressed  to  any  worker  was  to  ask  if  he 
belonged  to  the  union. 

Another  conflict  of  evidence  arose  as  to 
the  events  of  April  10.  On  that  day  the 
plaintiff  and  his  workmen  had  prepared 
forms  into  which  they  were  ready  to  pour 
cement.  When  a  truck  carrying  the  ready 
mixed  cement  arrived  on  the  scene,  the  ■ 
defendant  was  there  with  two  union 
members  who  were  picketing  with  placards 
reading  "Construction  work  not  being  done 
by  Building  Trades  Council".  As  a  result 
of  certain  things  that  occurred  the  cement 
was  not  delivered  and  the  truck  went  away. 
Nothing  disorderly  or  illegal  was  done  by 
the  pickets;  it  was  only  in  respect  of 
Groves  that  wrongful  acts  were  alleged.  A 
carpenter  testified  that  Groves  told  him  at 
8  o'clock  that  "he  was  going  to  stop  the 
concrete  from  getting  on  the  job  with  a 
picket  line".  Another  workman  stated  that 
when  the  truck  came  Groves  said  to  the 
driver:  "You  are  not  to  go  in  with  that 
cement.  You  belong  to  the  union.  You  are 
not  supposed  to  do  it."  Others  testified 
that  they  saw  Groves  raise  his  hand  to 
stop  the  truck  but  did  not  hear  what  was 
said  to  the  driver.  According  to  Groves' 
testimony,  the  driver  stopped  voluntarily 
when  he  saw  the  pickets  to  ask  for  infor- 
mation, and  Groves  merely  informed  him 
that  they  were  building  trades  pickets. 
After  a  telephone  conversation  with  his 
superiors,  and  after  talking  to  an  officer 
of  the  company  supplying  the  cement  who 
came  to  the  scene,  the  driver  drove  the 
truck  away. 

Mr.  Justice  Wilson  came  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  before  April  10  the  defendant 
had  spoken  to  the  plaintiff  and  his  work- 
men in  the  terms  described  by  them  and 
that  on  April  10  he  did  raise  his  hand  to 
stop  the  truck  and  did  address  to  the 
driver  the  warning  testified  to  by  the 
witness. 


A  ruling  of  the  Commission  Against 
Discrimination  that  an  employment  agency 
had  made  illegal  discriminatory  inquiries 
has  been  upheld  by  the  Appellate  Division 
of  the  New  York  Supreme  Court.  The 
Commission's  order  to  compel  the  agency 
to  obey  the  anti-discrimination  law  was 
affirmed. 

British  Columbia  Supreme  Court . . . 

:  .  .  modifies    injunction    against    picketing   to   pro- 
hibit only   picketing    accompanied    by    intimidation 

On  April  20  the  British  Columbia 
Supreme  Court  allowed  in  part  an  applica- 
tion brought  by  a  contractor  to  continue 
an  interim  injunction  against  picketing  by 
a  construction  workers'  union.  The  injunc- 
tion was  continued  in  a  modified  form  to 
prohibit  only  picketing  accompanied  by 
unlawful  acts. 

Mr.  Justice  Wilson  described  the  facts 
disclosed  by  the  evidence.  The  plaintiff,  a 
contractor  in  New  Westminster,  began  in 
September  1952  to  build  a  small  apart- 
ment house  which  he  intended  to  own, 
live  in  and  manage.  He  employed  non- 
union labour  for  the  job.  The  defendant, 
Groves,  was  the  business  agent  for  United 
Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners, 
Local  1251.  Prior  to  April  10,  1953,  Groves 
came  to  the  scene  of  the  work  several 
times  and  talked  to  the  plaintiff  and  his 
workmen.  The  plaintiff  maintained  that 
Groves  told  him  "that  he  would  see  to  it 
that  the  job  was  a  union  job"  and  that 
he  would  make  him  stop  work  on  the 
premises  and  see  to  it  that  he  could  not 
hire  any  workmen.  Two  workmen  testified 
that  Groves  had  said  they  must  join  the 
union  or  be  fired.  The  defendant  admitted 
that  he  had  approached  the  plaintiff  with 
a  view  to  having  him  hire  union  members 
but  denied  that  he  had  made  any  threats. 
He  denied  specifically  that  he  had  spoken 
to  the  workmen  who   were   witnesses   and 


1515 


The  defendant's  words  of  intimidation  to 
the  workmen  and  his  statement  to  the 
driver — "You  are  not  to  go  in  with  that 
cement" — were  beyond  the  boundaries  set 
by  law,  His  Lordship  held.  This  sort  of 
conduct  was  not  to  be  countenanced  as  the 
mere  communication  of  information.  He 
had  no  hesitation  in  enjoining  Groves  and 
the  other  defendants  from  a  repetition  of 
such  acts. 

However,  the  plaintiff  sought  to  continue 
the  interim  injunction,  which  prohibited 
picketing  altogether.  Mr.  Justice  Wilson 
declared : — 

Picketing,  in  the  sense  of  attending  at  or 
near  a  place  to  communicate  information  is, 
in  the  absence  of  conduct  amounting  to 
trespass  or  nuisance,  perfectly  legal,  and 
this  whether  or  not  there  is  a  trade  dispute. 

This  proposition  was  established  by  the 
Supreme  Court  in  Canada  in  Williams 
v.  Aristocratic  Restaurants  (L.G.,  1951, 
p.  1553).  Therefore  the  members  of  the 
carpenters'  union  had  a  right  to  picket  the 
plaintiff's  premises  as  they  were  doing  on 
April  10. 

Two  arguments  could  be  put  forward  for 
taking  away  the  right  to  picket.  Accord- 
ing to  the  first,  the  Court  should  do  so  as 
a  punitive  measure,  to  punish  the  union 
for  the  wrongful  acts  of  its  agent.  His 
Lordship  stated  that  this  view  obviously 
could  not  be  upheld,  because  he  was 
engaged  in  the  administration  of  civil  not 
criminal  law  and  was  there  to  redress 
wrongs,  not  to  punish  them.  The  second 
argument  was  that,  because  of  the  initial 
wrongful  acts,  he  should  prohibit  picketing 
so  as  to  prevent  the  possibility  of  future 
wrongs,  and  particularly  of  a  breach  of  the 
peace.  Mr.  Justice  Wilson  stated  that  if 
picketing  were  initiated  in  a  violent, 
obstreperous  manner,  particularly  if  there 
were  a  series  of  acts  of  intimidation  or 
violence  by  the  picketers,  an  order  to 
prohibit  picketing  might  well  be  made,  not 
as  a  punitive  measure  but  as  a  safeguard 
to  public  order.  The  circumstances  of  this 
case,  however,  did  not  warrant  such  an 
order. 

The  Court  continued  the  injunction  in 
part  to  prohibit  illegal  acts  in  connection 
with  picketing.  Mostrenko  v.  Groves 
[19531  3  DLR  400. 

British  Columbia  Supreme  Court . . . 

.   .  finds    that    collective    agreement    entitled    the 
machinists'      union     to      perform      certain      drilling 

The  British  Columbia  Supreme  Court  on 
May  7  allowed  a  union's  action  for  a 
declaration    that    it    was    entitled    by    its 


collective  agreement  with  a  company  to 
do  certain  work.  The  company's  instruc- 
tions that  the  work  should  be  performed 
by  members  of  another  union  were  in 
violation  of  the  agreement,  the  Court  held. 

Chief  Justice  Farris  gave  the  judgment 
of  the  Court.  The  action  was  brought  by 
Machinists,  Fitters  and  Helpers  Unions, 
Local  No.  3,  against  the  Victoria  Machinery 
Depot  Company  Limited  and  another 
union,  Victoria  Lodge  No.  191  of  the  Inter- 
national Brotherhood  of  Boilermakers,  Iron 
Ship  Builders  and  Helpers  of  America. 
The  plaintiff  claimed  that  it  was  entitled 
under  its  agreement  with  the  company 
dated  March  8,  1950,  to  do  certain  drilling. 
Paragraph  23  of  that  agreement  contained 
this  statement:  "Jurisdiction  between 
machinists  and  allied  trades  shall  be  based 
upon  the  original  Machinists  Agreement  of 
1942  and  common  practice  in  VMD  ship- 
yards." 

The  defendant  union,  the  bargaining 
agent  for  the  boilermakers,  insisted  to  the 
company  that  it  was  entitled  to  do  all 
drilling  on  ships.  The  matter  was  referred 
to  a  conciliation  board  and  the  board 
found  that  certain  drilling  should  be  done 
by  the  boilermakers'  union.  The  plaintiff 
union  was  not  a  party  to  the  proceedings 
before  the  board. 

On  February  20,  1953,  the  company  issued 
instructions  that  henceforth  "all  holes  over 
one-quarter  inch  in  ships  including  hull 
construction,  shell,  bulkheads,  decks  and 
beams,  port  lights,  bearing  holes  on  shaft 
stools,  auxiliary  seats,  boiler  stools,  gun 
rings  to  deck  and  seating  to  deck"  were 
to  be  drilled  by  the  boilermakers.  The 
plaintiff  claimed  that  this  notice  was  a 
breach  of  the  collective  agreement. 

At  the  hearing  of  the  case,  the  evidence 
dealt  with  the  agreement  of  1942  and 
common  practice  in  the  company's  ship- 
yards. The  Chief  Justice  found  that  the 
notice  did  violate  the  collective  agreement 
and  that  the  members  of  the  plaintiff  union 
were  entitled  to  do  all  drilling  necessary 
and  incidental  to  their  work  as  machinists. 

Another  point  was  raised  by  counsel  for 
the  defendant  union.  He  contended  that 
this  union  was  not  a  legal  entity  and  could 
not  be  made  a  party  to  the  action.  He 
referred  to  Section  2(1)  in  the  Industrial 
Conciliation  and  Arbitration  Act  which 
defines  "dispute"  as  a  dispute  or  difference 
"between  an  employer  and  one  or  more  of 
his  employees  or  a  bargaining  authority  as 
to  matters  or  things  affecting  or  relating 
to  terms  or  conditions  of  employment  or 
work  done  or  to  be  done  by  an  employer 
or  by  the  employee  or  employees".  He 
argued  that  in  view   of  this  definition  the 


1516 


Act  only  authorized  an  action  between 
employer  and  employee  and  not  between 
two  bargaining  agents. 

His  Lordship  considered  that  the  dispute 
in  this  case  did  not  come  within  the 
definition  of  dispute  contained  in  the  Act 
but  that  this  did  not  affect  the  rights  of 
the  parties.  In  his  view,  the  Legislature 
gave  unions  a  legal  entity  when  it  made 
them  bargaining  agents,  and  it  would  be 
absurd  that  a  union  should  not  have  legal 
authority  to  enforce  the  agreement  which 
it  has  been  given  authority  to  enter  into. 
In  this  case  the  boilermakers'  union  sought 
to  have  the  sole  drilling  rights.  Therefore 
it  was  properly  a  party  to  the  action,  since 
its  rights  were  in  dispute  and  in  reality 
the  dispute  was  between  the  two  unions. 

The  Court  granted  the  action  for  a 
declarator  judgment  to  state  that  the 
machinists'  union  was  entitled  to  perform 
the  drilling.  Machinists,  Fitters  and 
Helpers  Unions,  Local  No.  8  v.  Victoria 
Machinery  Depot  Company  Limited,  et  al 
[1953]  3  DLR  414. 

New  York  Supreme  Court,  Appellate  Division . . . 

.  .  .  upholds  judgment  requiring  compliance  with 
order  of  state's    commission   against    discrimination 

In  a  judgment  which  affirmed  the  power 
of  the  New  York  Commission  Against 
Discrimination  to  compel  compliance  with 
the  State's  anti-discrimination  law,  the 
Appellate  Division  of  the  New  York 
Supreme  Court  on  July  7  dismissed  an 
appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  Supreme 
Court  at  Special  Term  (L.G.,  Dec.  1952, 
p.  1611)  requiring  an  employment  agency 
to  carry  out  an  order  of  the  Commission. 
This  is  the  first  case  where  an  order  of 
the  Commission  has  been  enforced  by  the 
courts  in  the  eight  years  since  the  New 
York  Law  Against  Discrimination  went 
into  effect. 

Mr.  Justice  Bergan  gave  the  judgment 
of  the  Appellate  Division.  For  the  facts 
of  the  case,  he  relied  on  the  record  made 
at  a  hearing  of  the  discrimination  charges 
before  the  Commission  on  June  16,  1952. 
The  operator  of  the  agency,  who  was 
present  at  the  hearing,  did  not  dispute  the 
evidence  given  by  the  complainant,  Rue 
Kingsley.  This  woman  testified  that  on 
September  18,  1951,  she  went  to  the 
Holland  agency  in  New  York  in  answer  to 
a  newspaper  advertisement  for  a  secretary. 
At  that  time  she  was  unmarried  and  her 
name  was  Rue  Lehds.  She  filled  out  an 
application  form,  which  contained  among 
others  a  question  whether  her  own  name 
or  her  family  name  was  "ever  changed 
legally  or  otherwise". 


She  was  then  interviewed  by  Miss 
Holland,  the  operator  of  the  employment 
agency,  who  said  to  her  on  looking  over 
the  application  form  that  "one  of  the 
schools  sounded  like  a  British  school". 
According  to  the  complainant's  testimony, 
Miss  Holland  then  proceeded  to  inquire 
about  a  former  employer  listed  on  the 
application.  She  asked  whether  he  was 
Jewish,  and  when  the  answer  was  "yes" 
asked  a  further  question  about  this  which 
the  applicant  answered  by  saying  that  she 
believed  he  was  of  German-Jewish  descent. 
Miss  Holland  then  asked  the  maiden  name 
of  this  employer's  wife,  and  asked  the 
applicant  to  spell  it  out.  When  she  did 
so,  Miss  Holland  said :  "What  sort  of  name 
is  that?"  She  also  commented  on  the 
spelling  of  the  applicant's  own  name,  which 
she  considered  "rather  odd,"  and  asked  if 
the  name  was  British. 

The  Commission  found  that  the  oral  and 
written  inquiries  "taken  together,  expressed 
a  limitation,  specification  or  discrimination 
as  to  creed  and  national  origin,  not  based 
on  a  bona  fide  occupational  qualification." 
Its  order  directed  the  employment  agency 
to  cease  making  any  inquiries  either 
directly  or  indirectly  relating  to  race,  creed, 
colour  or  national  origin,  giving  considera- 
tion to  such  factors  in  evaluating  appli- 
cants, or  making  any  reference  to  change 
of  family  name  in  an  application  form 
unless  previously  approved  by  the  Commis- 
sion. The  agency  was  also  ordered  to  deny 
prospective  employers  information  relating 
to  the  race,  colour,  or  religion  of  appli- 
cants, to  refuse  orders  from  prospective 
employers  containing  any  limitations  with 
respect  to  such  matters,  and  to  furnish  the 
Commission  with  all  job  orders  "which  raise 
a  question"  of  possible  discrimination.  The 
order  also  required  the  agency  to  furnish 
to  the  Commission  for  a  period  of  one 
year  a  report  of  all  the  persons  applying 
for  employment  and  the  disposition  of  their 
applications  and  of  all  job  orders  received 
and  the  referrals  made  as  a  result. 

When  the  case  came  to  court,  the 
appellant  claimed  that  she  made  no  in- 
quiries which  could  be  regarded  as  an 
unlawful  employment  practice,  that  the 
application  form  used  was  not  unlawful, 
that  the  Commission  had  no  jurisdiction 
over  her,  and  that  in  any  event  there  was 
no  basis  for  some  of  the  affirmative  direc- 
tions in  the  Commission's  order. 

Mr.  Justice  Bergan  proceeded  to  examine 
the  scope  of  the  Commission's  power  as 
set  out  in  the  Law  Against  Discrimination. 
The  Commission  was  created  "with  power 
to  eliminate  and  prevent  discrimination  in 


79025—8 


1517 


employment"  based  on  considerations  of 
race,  creed,  colour  or  national  origin  by 
employers,  labour  organizations,  employ- 
ment agencies  or  other  persons.  It  was 
given  authority  to  "take  other  actions 
against  discrimination"  and  an  additional 
grant  of  "general  jurisdiction  and  power" 
for  the  purposes  described.  Mr.  Justice 
Bergan  stated  that  it  would  not  be  easy 
to  conceive  authority  more  broadly 
defined,  and  that  within  the  area  of 
prescribed  action  and  in  the  field  of  dis- 
crimination as  denned  by  the  statute  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Commission  was  plenary. 

The  Law  also  provided  that,  upon  finding 
after  a  hearing  that  a  person  had  engaged 
in  an  unlawful  employment  practice,  the 
Commission  might  issue  a  cease  and  desist 
order  and  take  such  affirmative  action  as  in 
its  judgment  would  "effectuate  the  purposes 
of  this  article,  and  including  a  requirement 
for  report  of  the  manner  of  compliance". 

The  judge  then  examined  the  powers 
of  the  Supreme  Court  in  relation  to  the 
Commission.  The  statute  gives  the  Court 
power  to  review  the  questions  raised  before 
the  Commission  and  to  enforce  in  whole 
or  in  part  or  set  aside  in  whole  or  in 
part  the  Commission's  orders.  It  is 
required  to  take  the  Commission's  factual 
findings  as  conclusive  if  they  are  supported 
by  sufficient  evidence  on  the  record  con- 
sidered as  a  whole.  In  determining  the 
legal  questions  arising  out  of  the  terms  of 
the  statute,  the  Court  must  interpret  it. 
liberally  "for  the  accomplishment  of  the 
purposes  thereof".  After  accepting  the 
facts  as  found  to  the  extent  they  rest  on 
substantial  evidence,  the  Court  may  make 
any  order  which  it  deems  the  Commission 
should  have  made.  Mr.  Justice  Bergan 
stated  that  this  wide  power  of  review  was 
unusual,  and  that  it  seemed  to  have  been 
the  intention  of  the  Legislature  that  the 
large  powers  given  to  the  Commission 
should  be  followed  by  an  unusual  measure 
of  judicial  supervision  and  a  shared 
judicial  responsibility. 

The  Court  held  that,  since  the  appellant 
had  offered  no  testimony  at  the  hearing, 
the  Commission  was  justified  in  accepting 
as  true  the  statements  of  the  complainant. 
On  the  basis  of  these  statements,  it  was 
justified  in  finding  that  the  inquiries  com- 
plained' of  did  constitute  an  unlawful 
employment  practice. 


Mr.  Justice  Bergan  stated: — 

Discrimination  in  selection  for  employ- 
ment based  on  considerations  of  race,  creed 
or  colour  is  quite  apt  to  be  a  matter  of 
refined  and  elusive  subtlety.  Innocent  com- 
ponents can  add  up  to  a  sinister  totality. 
The  inquiry  concerning  a  previous  change  of 
name,  plus  inquiry  concerning  the  nation  of 
schooling,  the  religion  of  one's  former 
employer  and  his  wife,  the  national  origin 
of  one's  name,  may  each  be  harmless  under 
some  circumstances,  asked  by  some  ques- 
tioners of  some  applicants,  but  in  their 
aggregate  they  have  a  curiously  jarring 
effect.  They  are  surely  quite  capable,  all 
together,  of  becoming  the  kind  of  practice 
which  the  Legislature  defined  as  harmful 
to  the  welfare  of  the  State. 

Since  the  findings  of  unlawful  employ- 
ment practices  had  been  confirmed,  he 
found  the  order  to  be  within  the  power  of 
the  Commission.  He  did  not  accept  the 
appellant's  contention  that  the  direction  to 
furnish  lists  of  applications  and  employers 
and  the  results  of  referrals  exceeded  the 
power  of  the  Commission,  since  the  power 
to  direct  a  report  of  compliance  with  the 
law  not  only  came  within  the  general 
terms  of  the  Commission's  authority  but 
was  specifically  authorized  by  the  statute. 

Commenting  on  the  nature  of  the  statute, 
he  said: — 

A  statute  of  this  kind  is  not  workable 
by  force,  it  must  rest  for  its  success  on 
the  good  will  of  the  community.  But  its 
enactment  represents  the  mature  and  delib- 
erate judgment  of  the  people  of  the  State, 
and  such  a  formal  expression  of  such  a 
judgment  has  a  way  of  winning,  in  the  end, 
a  general  acceptance.  People  who  may  have 
disagreed  with  either  its  purpose  or  its 
workability  in  the  first  place,  learn  to  live 
with  it  and  take  it  as  it  is. 

Two  of  the  judges  of  the  Court,  Mr. 
Justice  Dore  and  Mr.  Justice  Cohn, 
dissented  in  part  from  this  judgment. 
They  considered  that  the  part  of  the  order 
requiring  the  agency  to  make  a  detailed 
report  of  its  operations  was  beyond  the 
authority  of  the  Commission,  being  puni- 
tive in  character  and  having  the  effect  of 
placing  the  agency  on  probation  for  a  year. 
They  would  have  eliminated  this  require- 
ment from  the  order. 

The  Court  dismissed  the  appeal  and 
affirmed  the  order  of  the  Commission. 
Holland  v.  Edwards  [19531  32  LRRM 
2490. 


During  the  1941-51  decade  the  annual  payroll  of  Canada's  retail  stores  soared  by 
$596,832,100  (or  190  per  cent)  to  $911,269,600  from  $314,437,500.  the  Dominion  Bureau 
of  Statistics  reports. 


1518 


Recent  Regulations  under  Provincial  Legislation 

Minor  changes  are  made  in  mothers'  allowances  regulations  in  Ontario, 
boiler  inspection  regulations  in  British  Columbia,  and  schedule  of 
industrial  diseases  under  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act  in  Quebec 


An  amendment  to  the  Ontario  Mothers' 
Allowances  regulations  permits  a  $10 
monthly  increase  in  the  allowance  payable 
to  a  foster-mother  if  the  father  of  the 
foster-children  is  unemployable  and  lives 
with  the  children.  The  schedule  of  fees 
for  boiler  inspection  in  British  Columbia 
was  re-issued  with  minor  changes  and  the 
addition  of  certain  new  fees.  In  Quebec 
the  term  "tenosynovitis"  was  substituted 
for  the  earlier  description  of  the  disease 
in  the  schedule  of  industrial  diseases 
under  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act. 

British  Columbia  Boiler  Inspection  Act 

The  regulations  under  the  British 
Columbia  Boiler  Inspection  Act  which  set 
fees  for  inspecting  boilers  and  pressure- 
vessels  and  for  surveying  designs  for 
approval  and  registration  (L.G.,  1950, 
p.  1063)  have  been  re-issued  with  little 
change.  The  method  of  determining  the 
fee  for  inspection  of  large  pressure  vessels 
was  simplified  and  new  fees  were  set  for 
some  specialized  types  of  equipment  such 
as  oil-refinery  piping.  Certain  types  of 
boilers  are  classified  in  the  new  regula- 
tions according  to  horse-power  rather  than 
heating  surface. 

A  new  section  sets  fees  for  special  inspec- 
tions on  request.  An  owner  who  requests 
a  special  inspection  of  a  plant  or  pressure- 
vessel  must  pay  the  expenses  incurred  by 
the  inspector,  including  a  per  diem  charge 
to  be  fixed  by  the  Minister.  The  -per  diem 
charge  to  be  included  in  the  expenses  of 
an  inspector  requested  to  make  an  inspec- 
tion outside  the  province  is  $30. 

The  revised  schedule  of  fees  was 
approved  by  O.C.  1846  on  August  8  and 
gazetted  August  20. 

Ontario  Mothers'  Allowances  Act 

A  1953  amendment  to  the  Ontario 
Mothers'  Allowances  Act  makes  provision 
for   the   payment   of   an   additional   allow- 


ance to  a  foster-mother  if  the  father  of 
the  children  in  her  care  is  permanently 
unemployable  and  living  with  the  children. 
This  additional  allowance  is  now  set  at  a 
maximum  of  ten  dollars  a  month  by  an 
amendment  to  the  general  regulations 
(L.G.,  1952,  pp.  950  and  1373).  This 
amount  has  previously  been  available  to 
a  mother  in  receipt  of  allowances  if  her 
husband  is  incapacitated. 

The  maximum  allowances  that  may  be 
paid  to  a  foster-mother  remain  $24  a 
month  for  one  foster-child  and  $48  a 
month  for  two  children  and  $10  a  month 
for  each  additional  child,  plus  a  further 
sum  of  up  to  $20  if  the  Director  thinks 
it  necessary;  medical  and  dental  services 
as  provided  for,  and  a  fuel  allowance 
limited  to  the  amount  by  which  her  fuel 
costs  rise  as  a  result  of  caring  for  the 
foster-children. 

Some  of  the  administrative  changes 
made  in  the  regulations  deal  with  the 
three-member  Advisory  Board  which  may 
now  have  three  or  more  members  and 
whose  duties  will  include  assisting  the 
Director  to  determine  whether  the  allow- 
ance for  a  unemployable  father  will  be 
paid   to    an   applicant   foster-mother. 

The  amendment  to  the  regulations  was 
approved  by  O.  Reg.  143/53,  made  on 
July  22  and  gazetted  August  22. 

Quebec  Workmen's  Compensation  Act 

"Inflammation  of  the  synovial  lining  of 
the  wrist  joint  and  tendon  sheaths"  which 
was  made  a  compensatable  disease  in  1942 
by  Regulation  15  is  now  dealt  with  by 
Regulation  19  under  the  Quebec  Work- 
men's Compensation  Act.  The  new  regu- 
lation, approved  by  O.C.  916  of  August  6, 
gazetted  August  15,  replaces  Regulation  15" 
and  declares  "tenosynovitis"  to  be  an 
industrial  disease  under  the  Act.  Other 
provinces  in  which  the  disease  is  compen- 
satable are  British  Columbia,  Saskatchewan, 
Ontario  and  Newfoundland. 


The  average  time  the  United  States  National  Labour  Relations  Board  requires  to 
settle  a  case  is  now  321  days,  George  Bott,  NLRB  general  counsel,  recently  reported. 
In  1950,  he  said,  the  procedure  took  an  average  of  447  days. 


1519 


79025— 8£ 


Administrators  of  Labour  Legislation 

Meet  in  12th  Annual  Conference 


The  Canadian  Association  of  Adminis- 
trators of  Labour  Legislation,  an  organiza- 
tion of  federal  and  provincial  departments 
and  boards  administering  labour  laws,  held 
its  12th  annual  conference  at  Banff,  Alta., 
September  1-4.  Representatives  of  the 
federal  Department  of  Labour  and  nine 
provincial  departments  attended  the 
sessions.  The  Alberta  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation Board  was  also  represented. 

Hon.  Ivan  Casey,  Alberta's  Minister  of 
Lands  and  Forests,  welcomed  the  dele- 
gates on  behalf  of  the  Hon.  Dr.  J.  L. 
Robinson,  Minister  of  Industries  and 
Labour,  who  was  absent  from  the  province. 

K.  A  Pugh,  Chairman  of  the  Board  of 
Industrial  Relations,  Alberta,  presided  at 
an  all-day  session  on  industrial  relations 
when  various  problems  arising  out  of  the 
administration  of  labour  relations  legisla- 
tion were  discussed.  At  a  session  on 
apprenticeship,  special  attention  was  given 
to  tradesmen's  qualification  legislation, 
plant  training  programs  and  on-the-job 
training.  Other  topics  on  the  agenda 
included  reports  of  the  safety  committees 
of  the  Association  (Standing  Committee 
on  Industrial  Safety  and  Committees  on 
CSA  Codes  and  on  Machine  Guarding) 
and  recent  developments  in  the  Interna- 
tional Labour  Organization.  Legislative 
and  administrative  developments  in  all 
departments  during  the  year  were  reviewed 
at  the  opening  session. 

"Balance  of  Power  in  the  Labour  Market" 
was  the  subject  of  an  address  given  at  the 
dinner  meeting  by  Dr.  Andrew  Stewart, 
President  of  the  University  of  Alberta. 

The  officers  of  the  Association  for  the 
coming  year  are:  Past  President,  J.  B. 
Metzler,  Deputy  Minister  of  Labour, 
Ontario;  President,  K.  A.  Pugh,  Chairman, 
Board  of  Industrial  Relations,  Alberta; 
1st  Vice-President,  R.  E.  Anderson,  Chief 
Administrative  Officer,  Department  of 
Labour,  Nova  Scotia;  2nd  Vice-President, 
Donat  Quimper,  Associate  Deputy  Min- 
ister     of      Labour,      Quebec;      Secretary- 


Treasurer,  Evelyn  Best,  Legislation  Branch, 
Department  of  Labour  of  Canada. 

The  following  federal  and  provincial 
representatives  attended  the  conferences: — 

Alberta — J.  E.  Oberholtzer,  Deputy  Min- 
ister of  Industries  and  Labour;  K.  A. 
Pugh,  Chairman,  Board  of  Industrial 
Relations;  F.  G.  Cope,  Chief  Inspector, 
Board  of  Industrial  Relations;  J.  P. 
White,  Director  of  Apprenticeship;  W.  E. 
Sutton,  Chief  Factory  Inspector;  Harold 
French,  Administrative  Assistant;  Mrs. 
M.  E.  Long,  Secretary,  Board  of  Indus- 
trial Relations;  Alfred  Farmilo,  Commis- 
sioner, Workmen's  Compensation  Board. 

British  Columbia — William  Sands,  Deputy 
Minister  of  Labour. 

Manitoba— W.  Elliott  Wilson,  QC, 
Deputy  Minister  of  Labour;  Andrew 
Mcintosh.  Director  of  Industrial  Accident 
Prevention. 

New  Brunswick — Hon.  A.  E.  Skaling, 
Minister  of  Labour;  N.  D.  Cochrane, 
Deputy  Minister  of  Labour. 

Newfoundland — G.  T.  Dyer,  Deputy  Min- 
ister of  Labour. 

Nova  Scotia — R.  E.  Anderson,  Chief 
Administrative  Officer. 

Ontario — J.  B.  Metzler,  Deputy  Min- 
ister of  Labour;  F.  J.  Hawes,  Director  of 
Apprenticeship. 

Quebec — Donat  Quimper,  Associate 
Deputy  Minister  of  Labour;  Cyprien 
Miron,  Director,  Conciliation  and  Arbitra- 
tion Service;  Jules  Racine,  Director  of 
Apprenticeship  Commission  for  the  Build- 
ing Trades. 

Saskatchewan — H.  S.  Elkin,  Deputy  Min- 
ister of  Labour;  F.  Ellis,  Director  of 
Apprenticeship  and  Tradesmen's  Qualifica- 
tions; W.  J.  Brake.  Chief  Inspector, 
Electrical  and  Gas  Inspection  Branch. 

Federal — A.  W.  Crawford,  Director  of 
Training;  G.  R.  Currie,  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Officer,  Vancouver;  John  Main- 
waring,  Chief,  Labour  Management  Divi- 
sion, Economics  and  Research  Branch; 
Evelyn  Woolner  and  Evelyn  Best, 
Legislation  Branch. 


Because  of  its  reduced  budget,  the  United  States  Labor  Department's  Bureau  of 
Employment  Security  is  planning  to  drop  32  small  areas  from  the  list  of  cities  and  areas 
now  included  in  its  report  on  the  state  of  the  country's  labour  force.  Each  of  the  areas 
slated  for  elimination  from  the  survey  has  non-agricultural  employment  of  fewer  than 
50,000  workers.    They  will  be  dropped  as  of  December. 


1520 


Unemployment  Insurance 

Monthly  Report  on  Operation  of 

the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Claims  for  unemployment  insurance   during   July  were   3,117   more  than 
in  June,  statistics*  show,  but  amount  of  payments  declined  by  $1,260,047 


The  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
monthly  report  on  the  operation  of  the 
Unemployment  Insurance  Act  shows  that 
during  July  a  total  of  75,869  initial  and 
renewal  claims  for  unemployment  insur- 
ance benefit  were  received  at  local  offices 
across  Canada,  compared  with  72,752  in 
June   and   75,340  during  July   1952. 

A  comparison  by  province  shows  very 
little  change  this  month  from  last  but 
substantial  differences  from  the  same  month 
last  year.  Claims  this  July  exceed  those 
last  July  by  7,600  in  Quebec,  while 
smaller  increases  occurred  in  the  Atlantic 
provinces  and  in  Alberta.  In  Ontario  and 
British  Columbia,  a  decline  of  6,600  and 
3,900  respectively  occurred,  with  insig- 
nificant differences  in  Manitoba  and 
Saskatchewan. 

The  volume  of  ordinary  claims  on  hand 
continued  to  decline  during  July.  Ordinary 
claimants  for  whom  unemployment  reg- 
isters were  in  the  live  file  on  July  31 
numbered  110,938  (77,607  males  and  33,331 
females),  compared  with  119,830  (86,439 
males  and  33,391  females)  on  June  30  and 
112,582  (78,349  males  and  34.233  females) 
on  July  31,  1952.  The  number  of  short- 
time  claimants  having  claims  active  on 
the  last  working  day  of  the  month 
declined  from  18,727  on  June  30  to  15,045 
on  July  31,  while  claimants  on  temporary 
lay-off  increased  from  3,697  on  June  30  to 
8,120  on  July  31. 

A  total  of  78,371  initial  and  renewal 
claims  was  adjudicated  during  July.  As 
a  result,  55,776  claimants  were  considered 
entitled  to  benefit  while  7,344  had  their 
claims  disallowed  because  of  non-fulfilment 
of  the  minimum  contribution  requirements. 

Disqualifications  were  imposed  in  21,625 
cases  (including  6,374  on  revised  claims), 
the  chief  reasons  being:  "not  unemployed", 
11,276  cases  (in  68  per  cent  of  these  cases 
the  claimant  was  disqualified  for  a  period 


In  a  comparison  of  current  employment 
statistics  with  those  for  a  previous  period, 
consideration  should  be  given  to  relevant 
factors  other  than  numbers,  such  as  the 
opening  and  closing  of  seasonal  indus- 
tries, increase  in  area  population,  influ- 
ence of  weather  conditions,  and  the 
general  employment  situation. 


*See  Tables  E-l  to  E-6  at  end  of  book. 


of  six  days  or  less) ;  "voluntarily  left 
employment  without  just  cause",  4,623 
cases;  and  "not  capable  of  or  not  avail- 
able for  work",  1,807  cases. 

During  the  month,  49,164  claimants 
commenced  receiving  benefit,  compared 
with  49,161  during  June  and  40,271  during 
July  1952. 

An  amount  of  $7, 148,024  was  paid  in 
compensation  for  2,383,416  days  of  proved 
unemployment  during  July,  as  against 
$8,408,071  and  2,731,888  days  in  June,  and 
$6,294,669  and  2,311,062  days  in  July  1952.. 

During  the  week  July  25-31,  a  total  of 
89,747  beneficiaries  received  $1,526,163  in 
compensation  for  511,447  proved  unem- 
ployed days,  in  comparison  with  90,859 
beneficiaries,  $1,548,187  and  509,070  days 
during  the  week  June  27-July  3,  and  85,682 
beneficiaries,  490,259  days  and  $1,417,970 
during  the  week  July  26- August  1,  1952. 

The  average  daily  rate  of  benefit  for 
the  last  week  of  July  was  $2.98,  compared 
with  $3.04  for  the  corresponding  week  last 
month  and  $2.89  for  the  same  week  last 
year. 

Insurance  Registrations 

Reports  received  from  local  offices  of 
the  Unemployment  Insurance  Commission 
for  the  month  show  that  insurance  books 
or  contribution  cards  have  been  issued  to 
4,028,436  employees  who  have  made  con- 
tributions to  the  Unemployment  Insurance 
Fund  at  one  time  or  another  since  April  1, 
1953. 

At  July  31,  employers  registered  num- 
bered 249,481,  an  increase  of  1,251  since 
June  30. 


1521 


Decisions  of  the  Umpire  under 

the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Digests  of  two  selected  decisions  rendered  by  the  Umpire 


Decision  CUB  944,  June  4,  1953 

Held:  That  a  plumber,  who  was  locked-out 
by  his  employer  because  of  strikes  called 
by  his  union  on  members  of  an  association 
of  master  plumbers  to  which  his  employer 
belonged,  was  subject  to  disqualification 
under  Section  39  of  the  Act. 

Material  Facts  of  Case — The  claimant 
filed  an  initial  application  for  benefit  on 
November  14,  1952,  and  stated  therein 
that  he  had  been  employed  as  a  plumber 
by  a  plumbing  firm  in  Edmonton,  Alta., 
at  a  rate  of  pay  of  $2  an  hour  from  May 
21,  1952,  to  November  12,  1952,  when  he 
was  "locked  out  by  (the)  employer  due  to 
an  industrial  dispute  in  the  trade."  The 
employer  reported  that  the  claimant  became 
separated  from  his  employment  because  he 
was  involved  in  a  wage  dispute. 

According  to  the  submissions,  Local 
Union  No.  488  of  the  United  Association 
of  Journeymen  and  Apprentices  of  the 
Plumbing  and  Pipe  Fitting  Industry  of  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  of  which  the 
claimant  is  a  member,  had  a  collective 
bargaining  agreement  with  the  National 
Association  of  Master  Plumbers  and  Heat- 
ing Contractors  of  Canada  Incorporated 
(Alberta  Branch),  which  expired  on  May 
31,  1952.  The  union  and  the  association 
began  to  negotiate  the  terms  of  a  new 
contract  but  failed  to  reach  an  accord. 
Subsequently  an  arbitration  board  set  up 
by  the  Board  of  Industrial  Relations  of 
the  Province  of  Alberta  made  a  recom- 
mendation of  $2.05  an  hour  for  journey- 
men which  the  association  was  willing  to 
accept  but  which  the  union  refused,  the 
latter  demanding  $2.15  an  hour.  The  union 
then  called  a  strike  on  two  employers  in 
Edmonton  at  2:00  p.m.  on  November  12, 
1952,  and,  on  November  14,  1952,  the 
remaining  employers  of  the  association  in 
Ecfmonton  locked  out  their  employees, 
thereby  affecting,  in  all,  approximately  435 
workers  comprising  plumbers,  steam- 
fitters,  pipefitters  and  apprentices. 

The  insurance  officer  was  of  the  opinion 
that  the  claimant  had  lost  his  employment 
by  reason  of  a  stoppage  of  work  due  to 
a  labour  dispute  at  the  premises  at  which 
he   was   employed    and   he   disqualified   him 


from  the  receipt  of  benefit  for  the  duration 
of  the  stoppage  (Section  39  of  the  Act). 

On  behalf  of  the  claimant,  the  inter- 
ested union  appealed  to  a  court  of  referees 
which,  after  having  heard  representatives 
of  the  union  and  the  association  of 
employers  in  Edmonton  on  December  18, 
1952,  unanimously  upheld  the  decision  of 
the  insurance  officer. 

The  union  appealed  to  the  Umpire  and, 
in  addition,  requested  an  oral  hearing  of 
the  case  before  him,  which  was  held  in 
Ottawa  on  May  13,  1953,  and  attended  by 
John  W.  Bruce,  General  Organizer  of  the 
union,  Gordon  G.  Cushing,  General 
Secretary-Treasurer,  The  Trades  and 
Labour  Congress  of  Canada,  and  N.  M. 
Retallack,  Acting  Chief  Claims  Officer  of 
the  Unemployment  Insurance  Commission. 

Conclusions — Messrs.  Bruce  and  Cush- 
ing argued  before  me  that  the  claimant, 
on  November  12,  1952,  did  not  lose  his 
employment  by  reason  of  a  stoppage  of 
work  resulting  from  a  labour  dispute,  but 
that  he  became  involuntarily  unemployed 
due  to  the  illegal  action  of  his  employer 
who  "violated"  Sections  81  and  82  of  the 
Alberta  Labour  Act;  that  inasmuch  as  he 
had  "lost  his  employment  on  account  of  . . . 
(his)  lawful  activity  connected  with  a 
union  of  workers",  within  the  meaning  of 
Section  41(2)  of  the  Act,  he  was  entitled 
to  the  protection  afforded  -by  that  section 
and  therefore  should  not  have  been  dis- 
qualified from  the  receipt  of  benefit  for 
the  17  days  during  which  the  employer's 
shop  was  closed. 

Lockouts  and  strikes  are  the  ultimate 
weapons  which  employers  and  employees 
use  in  their  dealings  in  order  to  bring 
the  other  party  to  their  views  and  conse- 
quently they  can  only  stem  from  labour 
disputes.  As  I  pointed  out  in  decision 
CU-B  570:  "It  is  a  necessary  feature  of 
a  stoppage  of  work  caused  by  a  labour 
dispute  that  engagements  are  terminated 
and  the  mere  fact  that  the  initiative 
comes  from  the  employer  does  not  render 
the-  matter  beyond  the  concept  of  a  labour 
dispute  if  his  action  is  taken  in  conse- 
quence of  unwillingness  on  the  part  of  the 
workers  to  agree  to  his  demands  or  pro- 
posed terms  of  employment." 


1522 


In  the  present  case,  it  was  admitted  by 
the  claimant  and  the  representatives  of 
the  union  that  the  employer  locked  out 
his  employees  because  of  the  failure  of 
the  negotiations  which  had  been  carried 
on  between  the  association  and  the  union 
for  the  renewal  of  the  bargaining  agree- 
ment. Under  the  circumstances,  the  only 
conclusion  that  can  be  properly  reached  is 
that  the  claimant  lost  his  employment  by 
reason  of  a  stoppage  of  work  due  to  a 
labour  dispute. 

It  may  be  that  the  employer's  action 
was  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  the 
Alberta  Labour  Act,  but  this  question  is 
outside  my  jurisdiction  and,  as  it  has  been 
often  stated  in  previous  decisions  dealing 
with  labour  disputes,  the  adjudicating 
authorities  under  the  Act  do  not  concern 
themselves  with  the  merits  of  labour 
disputes.  They  have  only  to  ascertain 
whether  there  was  a  stoppage  of  work 
and  if  there  was,  whether  that  stoppage 
resulted  from  a  labour  dispute  and  whether 
the  claimant  proved  that  he  fulfilled  all 
the  conditions  laid  down  in  subsection  2 
of  Section  39  in  order  to  be  relieved  from 
the  disqualification  imposed  under  subsec- 
tion  (1)   of  the  said  section. 

In  so  far  as  Section  41(2)  of  the  Act 
is  concerned,  this  section  applies  only  to 
cases  of  misconduct  and  cannot  serve  as 
justification  to  allow  unemployment  insur- 
ance benefit  in  cases  of  loss  of  employment 
on  account  of  a  stoppage  of  work  due  to 
a  labour  dispute. 

As  the  evidence  clearly  indicates  that 
the  claimant's  wages  stood  to  be  affected, 
he  was  directly  interested  in  the  dispute 
and  I  have  no  alternative  but  to  uphold 
the  unanimous  decision  of  the  court  of 
referees  which  is  in  accordance  with  the 
facts  and  the  law. 

Decision  CUB  951,  June  16,  1953 

Held:  That  a  carpenter  who  refused  to 
apply  for  ivork  in  his  usual  occupation  on 
the  ground  that  the  rate  of  pay  was  less 
than  that  set  by  his  union  local  for  its 
members  and  because  he  considered  that 
the  working  conditions  at  the  prospective 
place  of  employment  were  ■  unsatisfactory 
had,  without  good  cause,  refused  to  apply 
for  a  situation  in  suitable  employment 
within  the  meaning  of  Section  40(1)  (a)  of 
the  Act. 

Material    Facts    of    Case — The    claimant 

was  employed  as   a  carpenter  at    , 

B.C.,  by  a  bridge  and  dredging  company 
from  February  14,  1950,  to  October  10, 
1952,  when  he  was  laid  off  because  of  lack 
of  work.  His  rate  of  pay  at  the  time  of 
separation  was  $2.10  an  hour._ 


On  October  16,  1952,  he  filed  an  initial 
application  for  benefit  at  the  Vancouver 
office  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance 
Commission  and  the  claim  was  allowed. 

On  October  '25,  1952,  the  Vancouver 
local  office  notified  the  claimant  of  an 
offer  of  employment  with  a  construction 
company,  in  an  isolated  area  of  British 
Columbia  where  a  large  project  was  being 
carried  on,  as  a  carpenter  at  a  wage  of  $2 
an  hour,  which  was  reported  to  be  the 
prevailing  rate  for  carpenters  in  that  area. 
The  hours  of  work  were  eight  a  day  and 
40  a  week  (day  work).  He  refused  to 
apply  for  the  employment  on  the  advice 
of  his  union.  In  connection  with  the  said 
refusal,  the  local  office  commented  that  the 
claimant  contended  that  the  working  con- 
ditions were  unsatisfactory  although  to  its 
knowledge  he  had  never  worked  at  the 
place  of  employment. 

On  the  evidence  before  him,  the  insur- 
ance officer  disqualified  the  claimant  from 
the  receipt  of  benefit  for  a  period  of  six 
weeks  as  from  October  26,  1952,  on  the 
ground  that  he  had,  without  good  cause, 
refused  to  apply  for  a  situation  in  suitable 
employment  within  the  meaning  of  Sec- 
tion 40(1)  (a)   of  the  Act. 

From  the  decision  of  the  insurance 
officer,  the  claimant  appealed  to  a  court 
of  referees  which,  after  having  heard  him 
and  a  representative  of  his  union,  disallowed 
the  appeal  in  a  majority  finding  which 
reads  in  part: — 

A  Court  of  Referees  does  not,  of  course 
question  the  right  of  a  union  to  decide 
which  jobs  are  and  are  not  in  its  view 
suitable.  On  the  other  hand  the  decision 
of  local  unions  certainly  may  not  override 
the  terms  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance 
Act.  We  do  not  consider  it  necessary  to 
discuss  in  detail  Claimant's  vehement 
denunciations  of  the  offered  employment. 
The  fact  seems  to  be  that  several  thousand 
union  men  are  employed  at  the  operation. 

The  important  fact  for  our  consideration 
is  that  Claimant  being  unemployed  for  some 
seven  weeks  either  failed  seriously  to  seek 
re-employment  or,  as  is  more  likely,  neither 
he  nor  his  union  could  find  him  the  employ- 
ment Claimant  preferred.  Under  Section 
40(3)  it  is  laid  down  that  after  a  lapse 
of  a  reasonable  interval,  employment  shall 
not  be  considered  unsuitable  if  it  is  of  a 
kind  other  than  employment  in  the  usual 
occupation  of  the  insured  person,  "if  it  is 
employment  at  a  rate  of  wages  not  lower 
and  on  conditions  not  less  favourable  than 
those  observed  by  agreement  between  the 
employees  and  employers."  Without  doubt 
we  are  faced  with  the  fact  that  the  offered 
employment  was  such  as  "observed  by 
agreement  between  employees  and  employers." 

The  suggestion  is  made  that  a  Claimant 
should  not  be  required  to  accept  employ- 
ment which  interfered  with  his  union  stand- 
ing. No  evidence  was  presented  to  suggest 
in     any     way     that     Claimant     would     have 


1523 


risked  his  union  standing  by  accepting  the 
offered  employment. .  . . 

The  dissenting  member  of  the  Court 
stated  in  part: — 

The  union  representative  put  forward  the 
argument  that  the  agreement  quoted  in  the 
submission  was  signed  by  a  sister  local, 
Local  A,  of  the  International  Union.  (The 
claimant)  is  a  member  of  Local  B  of  the 
same  International  which  has  taken  the  posi- 
tion   they    do    not    wish    their    members    to 

take   jobs   at    and   transfer   to 

Local  A.  (Local  B)  have  set  out  conditions 
in  their  agreement  which  called  for  $2.10 
an  hour  plus  $1  per  day  for  board.  These 
conditions  do  not  exist  in  the  agreement  of 
Local  A. 

It  is  my  feeling  that  (the  Claimant)  was 
carrying  out  the  wishes  of  his  local  union 
by  refusing  to  take  the  position  offered,  and 
under  these  conditions  I  feel  it  comes  in 
the  same  category  quoted  in  Section  40(2) 
(b)  and  (3)  of  the  Act. 

From  the  decision  of  the  court  of 
referees,  the  claimant  appealed  to  the 
Umpire.  Subsequent  thereto,  the  union 
representative  who  appeared  before  the 
court  of  referees  wrote  to  the  Acting  Chief 
Claims  Officer  of  the  Unemployment 
Insurance  Commission  submitting  argu- 
ments similar  to  those  put  forward  by  the 
dissenting  member  of  the  court.  In  addi- 
tion, he  stated  that  the  court  had  erred 
in  contending  that  when  the  claimant  was 
offered  the  employment  in  question  he  had 
been  unemployed  for  seven  weeks.  He 
submitted  also  that  there  had  been  discrim- 
ination in  the  adjudication  of  claims  under 
the  Act  in  that  claimants  whose  cases  were 
identical  to  that  of  the  claimant  had  not 
been  disqualified  from  receiving  benefit. 

Conclusions — I  have  gone  thoroughly 
into  all  the  facts  and  submissions  of  the 
case  and  I  do  not  see  any  valid  reason 
to  interfere  with  the  majority  finding  of 
the  court  of  referees  which,  basically,  is  in 
accordance  with  the  facts  and  the  law. 

The  protection  afforded  by  Section  40(2) 
(b)  of  the  Act  covers  cases  only  where  a 
claimant  is  offered  employment  in  his 
usual  occupation  "at  a  lower  rate  of  wages 
or  on  conditions  less  favourable  than  those 
observed  by  agreement  between  employers 
and  employees  or  failing  any  such  agree- 
ment than  those  recognized  by  good 
employers." 

The   evidence   clearly  indicates   that  the 

claimant  was  offered  employment  at 

in  his  usual  occupation  and  at  the  rate  of 
wages  observed  by  agreement  between 
employers  and  employees  at  that  point. 
Furthermore,  no  satisfactory  proof  has 
been  adduced  that  the  working  conditions 
in  that  locality  were  less  favourable  than 
those  observed  by  agreement  or  recognized 
by  good  employers. 


In  so  far  as  Section  40(3)  of  the  Act  is 
concerned,  it  applies  only  in  cases  where 
claimants  are  referred  to  employment  of 
a  kind  other  than  employment  in  their 
usual  occupation. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  court  erred 
in  the  facts  when  they  implied  that  the 
claimant  had  been  unemployed  for  seven 
weeks  when  he  was  notified  of  the  employ- 
ment at    but  this  error  has  no 

bearing  on  the  issue  as  the  law  does  not 
lay  down  a  time  limit  in  cases  of  referrals 
to  employment  in  one's  usual  occupation. 

The  claimant  and  the  representative  of 
his  union  have  contended  that  there  has 
been  discrimination  in  the  adjudication  of 
claims  under  the  Act  inasmuch  as  other 
cases  of  a  similar  nature  have  been 
treated  differently  by  the  local  statutory 
authorities.  If  this  is  a  fact  I  would 
suggest  to  the  interested  union  that  it  take 
up  this  matter  with  the  Unemployment 
Insurance  Commission  which,  I  feel  con- 
fident, will  have  it  duly  investigated. 

It  is  true  that  the  right  to  membership 
in  organizations  of  workers  is  protected  by 
Section  43  of  the  Act  which  reads  as 
follows: — 

43.  Notwithstanding  anything  contained  in 
this  Act,  no  insured  person  shall  be  dis- 
qualified from  receipt  of  benefit  by  reason 
only  of  his  refusal  to  accept  employment 
if  by  acceptance  thereof  he  would  lose  the 
right 

(a)  to  become  a  member  of;   or 

(b)  to  continue  to  be  a  member  and  to 
observe  the  lawful  rules  of;  or 

(c)  to  refrain  from  becoming  a  member 
of,  any  association,  organization  or 
union  of  workers. 

As  rightly  pointed  out  by  the  majority 
of  the  court  of  referees,  however,  "no 
evidence  was  presented  to  suggest  in  any 
way  that  claimant  would  have  risked  his 
union  standing  by  accepting  the  offered 
employment."  This  is  borne  out  by  the 
following  extract  from  the  transcript  of 
the  evidence  taken  before  the  court  of 
referees: — 

(Union  representative)  : 
I   hold   the   Unemployment   Insurance   Act 
states  a  man  is  not  to  be  asked  to  take 
employment  that  is  not  suitable  and  out 
of  line  with  his  union  conditions. 
(Employee  representative  on  the  court)  : 
Does   your   local    union   take   the   position 
that    they    do    not    wish    their    member- 
ship to  go  to   ? 

(Union  representative)  : 

It  is  up  to  the  individual. 
Chairman: 

Do  you  or  don't  you? 
(Union  representative)  : 
I  do  not  advise  any  members  of  our  Local 
to    go    up    there.      We    have    established 
certain  conditions  and  we  are  certainly 
not  going  to  see  him  go  and  take  this. 
For  those  reasons,  the  appeal  is  dismissed. 


1524 


Labour  Conditions 

in  Federal  l*overiii»eii<  Contracts 

Wage  Schedules  Prepared  and  Contracts  Awarded  during  August 

Works  of  Construction,  Remodelling,  Repair  or  Demolition 

During  August  the  Department  of  Labour  prepared  122  wage  schedules  for  inclusion 
in  contracts  proposed  to  be  undertaken  by  departments  of  the  federal  Government  and 
its  Crown  corporations  in  various  areas  of  Canada,  for  works  of  construction,  remodelling, 
repair  or  demolition.  In  the  same  period,  a  total  of  148  contracts  in  these  categories  was 
awarded.    Particulars  of  these  contracts  appear  below. 

A  copy  of  the  wage  schedule  issued  for  each  contract  is  available  on  request  to  trade 
unions  concerned  or  to  others  who  have  a  bona  fide  interest  in  the  execution  of  the 
contract. 

(The  labour  conditions  included  in  each  of  the  contracts  listed  under  this  heading  pro- 
vide that:  — 

(a)  the  wage  rate  for  each  classification  of  labour  shown  in  the  wage  schedule  included 
in  the  contract  is  a  minimum  rate  only  and  contractors  and  subcontractors  are  not  exempted 
from  the  payment  of  higher  wages  in  any  instance  where,  during  the  continuation  of  the 
work,  wage  rates  in  excess  of  those  shown  in  the  wage  schedule  have  been  fixed  by 
provincial  legislation,  by  collective  agreements  in  the  district,  or  by  current  practice; 

(b)  hours  of  wrork  shall  not  exceed  eight  in  the  day  and  44  in  the  week,  except  in 
emergency  conditions  approved  by  the  Minister  of  Labour; 

(c)  overtime  rates  of  pay  may  be  established  by  the  Minister  of  Labour  for  all  hours 
worked  in  excess  of  eight  per  day  and  44  per  week; 

(d)  no  employee  shall  be  discriminated  against  because  of  his  race,  national  origin, 
colour  or  religion,  nor  because  the  employee  has  made  a  complaint  with  respect  to  such 
discrimination.) 

Contracts  tor  the  Manufacture  of  Supplies  and  Equipment 

Contracts  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies  and  equipment  awarded  during  August  are 
set  out  below: — 

Department  No.  of  Contracts  Aggregate  Amount 

Defence  Construction  (1951)  Ltd.: 

(Building    and    Maintenance) 2  $  59,718 .  76 

Post    Office    13  152,242.44 

Public  Works    2  14,716.00 

(The  labour  conditions  included  in  contracts  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies  and  equip- 
ment provide  that: — 

(a)  all  persons  who  perform  labour  on  such  contracts  shall  be  paid  such  wages  as  are 
currently  paid  in  the  district  to  competent  workmen,  and  if  there  is  no  current  rate  then  a 
fair  and  reasonable  rate,  but  in  no  event  shall  the  wages  paid  be  less  than  those  established 
by  the  laws  of  the  province  in  which  the  work  is  being  performed; 

(b)  the  working  hours  shall  be  those  fixed  by  the  custom  of  the  trade  in  the  district, 
or  if  there  be  no  such  custom,  then  fair  and  reasonable  hours; 

(c)  overtime  rates  of  pay  may  be  established  by  the  Minister  of  Labour  for  all  hours 
worked  in  excess  of  those  fixed  by  custom  of  the  trade  in  the  district,  or  in  excess  of  fair 
and  reasonable  hours; 

(d)  no  employee  shall  be  discriminated  against  because  of  his  race,  national  origin, 
colour  or  religion,  nor  because  the  employee  has  made  a  complaint  with  respect  to  such 
discrimination.) 


The  Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of  Labour  wage    schedules    are    thereupon    included 

legislation  of  the  federal  Government  has  with  other  relevant  labour  conditions   as 

the  purpose  of  insuring  that  all  Govern-  terms   of   such    contracts    to    be    observed 

ment  contracts  for  works  of  construction  by  the  contractors. 

and  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies  and  Wage    schedules    are    not    included    in 

equipment    contain    provisions    to    secure  contracts  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies 

the  payment  of  wages  generally  accepted  and  equipment  because  it  is  not  possible 

as  fair   and  reasonable   in  each  trade   or  to    determine    in    advance    the    classifica- 

classification    employed     in     the     district  tions    to    be    employed    in    the    execution 

where  the  work  is  being  performed.  of  a  contract.     A  statement  of  the  labour 

The    practice    of    Government    depart-  conditions    which    must    be    observed    in 

ments    and    those    Crown    corporations    to  every  such  contract  is,  however,  included 

which      the     legislation      applies,      before  therein    and    is    of    the    same   nature    and 

entering   into   contracts   for   any  work   of  effect   as   those   which   apply   in   works   of 

construction,  remodelling,  repair  or  demo-  construction. 

lition,   is   to   obtain   wage   schedules   from  Copies     of     the     federal     Government's 

the    Department   of  Labour,   showing   the  Fair   Wages   and   Hours   of  Labour  legis- 

applicable   wage    rate   for   each   classifica-  lation   may   be   had   upon    request   to   the 

tion  of   workmen   deemed   to   be   required  Industrial      Relations      Branch      of      the 

in    the    execution    of    the    work.      These  Department  of  Labour,   Ottawa. 


79025—9  1525 


Wage  Claims  Received  and  Payments  Made  during  August 

During  August  the  sum  of  $1,687.48  was  collected  from  two  employers  who  had  failed 
to  pay  the  wages  required  by  the  labour  conditions  attached  to  their  contracts.  This 
amount  has  been  or  will  be  distributed  to  the  nine  employees  concerned. 

Contracts  Containing  Fair  Wage  Schedules  Awarded  during  August 

(The  labour  conditions  of  the  contracts  marked  (*)  contain  the  General  Fair  Wages 
Clause  providing  for  the  observance  of  current  or  fair  and  reasonable  rates  of  wages  and 
hours  of  labour  not  in  excess  of  eight  per  day  and  44  per  week,  and  also  empower  the 
Minister  of  Labour  to  deal  with  any  question  which  may  arise  with  regard  thereto.) 

Department  of  Agriculture 

Matheson    Bros,      structure,     Little 


Near  Melville  Sask: 
earth  fill  with  reinforced  spillway  &  outlet 
pipe,  Pipestone  project;  Bird  Construction 
Co  Ltd,  earth  fill  dam  with  reinforced 
concrete  spillway,  outlet  pipe  &  timber 
bridge,  Kaposvar  West  project.  Near 
Travers  Altai  Rollack  Construction,  con- 
struction of  reinforced  concrete  chute  inlet 


Bow  Reservoir.  Near 
Vauxhall  Alta:  Adams,  Berg  &  Griffith 
Contractors  Ltd,  enlarging  existing  canal, 
relocating  &  constructing  new  canal,  Bow 
River  project;  Wheliham  Construction 
Ltd,  enlarging  existing  canal,  relocating  & 
constructing  new  canal,  Bow  River  project. 

Central  Mortgage  and  Housing  Corporation 

Electronic  Fire  Protec-  *exterior  painting.  Uplands  Ont:  Standard 
Paving  Ltd,  paving  of  roads,  driveways  & 
parking  areas.  Prince  Albert  Sask:  Rendek 
Construction,  construction  of  houses. 
Calgary  Alta:  Standard  Gravel  &  Surfacing 
of  Canada  Ltd,  construction  of  roadways, 
driveways  &  common  walks.  Cranbrook 
B  C :  R  H  Neven  Ltd,  *exterior  painting. 
Trail  B  C:  R  H  Neven  Ltd,  exterior 
painting. 


Montreal  P  Q 
tion  Co,  installation  of  automatic  fire 
detection  systems,  Benny  Farm  &  Villeray 
Terrace.  Fort  Erie  Ont:  John  St  Clair 
Painting  &  Decorating  Co,  *exterior  paint- 
ing. Gloucester  Ont:  Dibblee  Construction 
Co  Ltd,  paving  of  roads  &  driveways. 
Sault  Ste  Marie  Ont:  Master  Painters, 
exterior  painting.  Stamford  Ont:  John  St 
Clair  Painting  &  Decorating  Co,  *exterior 
painting.      Thorold    Ont:     H    W    Colton, 


Defence  Construction  (1951)  Limited 


Dartmouth  N  S:  Acacia  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  construction  of  bldg  for  communica- 
tion centre;  Continental  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  construction  of  fire  hall;  Acacia  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  excavation  of  culverts, 
manholes,  etc,  &  paving  of  roads.  New- 
port Corner  N  S:  Brush- Aboe  (Canada) 
Ltd,  installation  of  diesel  generator  set. 
Camp  Gagetown  N  B:  Coghlan  Construc- 
tion Ltd,  clearing  &  grubbing.  Chatham 
N  B:  Foster  Wheeler  Ltd,  installation  of 
coal  fired  steam  generating  unit.  Renous 
N  B:  Dominion  Steel  &  Coal  Corporation, 
erection  of  security  fencing.  Longueuil 
P  Q:  Walter  G  Hunt  Co  Ltd,  construc- 
tion of  armament  bldg.  St  Hubert  P  Q.- 
Foster Wheeler  Ltd,  installation  of  steam 
generating  unit.  St  Jacques  le  Mineur 
P  Q:  Argo  Construction  Ltd,  construction 
of  transmitter  bldg.  Angus  Ont:  W  H 
Yates  Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction 
of  garage.  Camp  Borden  Ont:  W  H  Yates 
Construction     Co     Ltd,      construction      of 


garage;  John  Inglis  Co  Ltd,  installation  of 
steam  generating  unit.  Falconbridge  Ont: 
Pioneer  Construction  Co  Ltd,  surfacing  of 
roads  &  parking  areas.  London.  Ont: 
Sterling  Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction 
of  central  heating  plant.  Shirley  Bay  Ont: 
Sirotek  Construction  Ltd,  construction  of 
transmitter  bldg  &  power  line.  Winnipeg 
Man:  Claydon  Co  Ltd,  construction  of 
inflammable  stores  bldg.  Saskatoon  Sask: 
Foster  Wheeler  Ltd.  supply  &  erection  of 
steam  generating  unit.  Esquimalt  B  C: 
Farmer  Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction 
of  fire  hall,  Belmont  Park.  Nisutlin  Bay 
Y  T:  Burns  &  Dutton  Concrete  &  Mannix 
Ltd,  construction  of  bridge,  NWHS; 
Western  Bridge  Steel  Fabricators,  erection 
of  steel  &  construction  of  asphalt  roadway, 
etc,  NWHS.  Yukon  River.  Upper  Ranch- 
eria,  Lower  Ranchcria  Y  T:  Mai  well  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  construction  of  replace- 
ment bridges. 


Building  and  Maintenance 
Montreal  P  Q:  J  Becker  Inc.  renovation       and    rewiring    certain    bklgs.    College    Mili- 
of  heating  system,  No  1  R  &  C.     St  Jean       taire  Royal.     Collins  Bay  (Kingston)  Ont: 
P    Q:    Metropole    Electric    Inc.    relighting       Will-Mac  Construction   Ltd.  application  of 


1526 


built-up  roofs,  No  6  Repair  Depot. 
Uplands  Ont:  Sirotek  Construction  Ltd, 
extension    to    heating    plant,    Bldg    No    52, 


RCAF  Station.  Abbotsford  B  C :  R  H 
Neven  Co  Ltd,  exterior  painting  of  bldgs, 
RCAF  Station. 


National  Harbours  Board 


Halifax  Harbour  N  S:  Fundy  Construc- 
tion Co  Ltd,  demolition  &  reconstruction 
of  conveyor  gallery  No  1  &  tower  A; 
Gunite  &  Waterproofing  Co  Ltd,  repairs 
to  concrete  cope  wall,  Pier  9  extension. 
Montreal  Harbour  P  Q:  The  Highway 
Paving  Co  Ltd,  paving  wharf  area;  Atlas 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction  of 
foundations  for  car  dumpers  &  car  dumper 
houses,  grain  elevators  Nos  1  &  2;  E  G  M 


Cape  &  Co,  construction  of  transit  sheds; 
Cecil  Carpenter  &  Co  Ltd,  construction  of 
carpenter's  shop,  stores  &  gear  room,  shed 
No  9.  Quebec  Harbour  P  Q:  Magloire 
Cauchon  Ltd,  reconstruction  of  shed  No  28. 
Three  Rivers  Harbour  P  Q:  Rosaire 
Dufresne,  paving  wharf  area,  shed  N©  10. 
Vancouver  Harbour  B  C:  Moncrieff  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  construction  of  addition 
to  records  vault. 


National  Research  Council 


Ottawa  Ont:  Lewis  Bros  Asphalt  Paving 
Ltd,  road  work,  Montreal  Road  Labora- 
tories; John  Inglis  Co  Ltd,  construction 
of  heating  &  ventilating  cold  room,  snow 

Department  of 

Bay  Fortune  P  E  I:  H  J  Phillips  &  Son, 
breakwater  repairs  &  improvements  (south 
wharf  repairs).  Summerside  P  E  I:  J  P 
Porter  Co  Ltd,  *dredging.  Bush  Island 
(Lahave  Island)  N  S:  Atlantic  Bridge  Co 
Ltd,  construction  of  wharf.  Caribou 
(Logan's  Wharf)  N  S:  F  W  Digdon  & 
Sons  Ltd,  *dredging.  Kentville  N  S:  M  L 
Wallace,  construction  of  RCMP  Detach- 
ment Bldg.  Mushaboom  N  S:  Atlantic 
Bridge  Co  Ltd,  wharf  repairs.  Oyster 
Creek  (Little  Bras  D'Or)  N  S:  Lloyd  G 
Smith,  wharf  replacement.  Point  Michaud 
N  S:  Allan  J  MacDonald  &  Duncan  A 
Maclsaac,  wharf  repairs.  West  Dover  N  S: 
Campbell  and  Mclsaac,  repairs  to  wharf. 
Baydu  Vin  N  B:  J  W  &  J  Anderson  Ltd, 
wharf  extension.  Campbellton  N  B: 
Diamond  Construction  Co,  *dredging. 
Chatham  N  B:  Whalen  Bros  Construc- 
tion, wharf  extension.  Lower  Neguac  N  B: 
Whalen  Bros  Construction,  wharf  recon- 
struction. Saint  John  N  B:  Industrial 
Insulators  Ltd,  supply  &  installation  of 
linoleum  &  repairs,  Post  Office  Bldg; 
T  Arthur  Doherty,  construction  of  road- 
ways, drainage,  curbs  &  gutters.  Lancaster 
Hospital.  White  Head  N  B:  Clare  Con- 
struction, wharf  extension.  Batiscan  P  Q: 
Marine  Industries  Ltd,  *dredging.  Grand 
Cascapedia  River  P  Q:  Bert  Dimock, 
*dredging.  Grande  Riviere  P  Q:  Joseph 
Baudin  and  Rene  Omer  Couture,  harbour 
improvements.  Hull  P  Q:  Theodore 
Regimbal,  erection  of  fence.  Brewery 
Creek;  A  Lanctot  Construction  Co,  alter- 
ations to  32  Eddy  St  &  90  Wellington  St 
for  UIC  offices.  Lauzon  P  Q:  Marine 
Industries  Ltd,  *dreds;ing.  Montreal  P  Q: 
Leeds  Construction  Ltd,  erection  of  postal 


&  ice  room  &  dry  room,  Montreal  Road 
Laboratories.  Ripple  Rock,  Seymour 
Narrows,  B  C:  Boyles  Bros  Drilling  Co 
Ltd,  completion  of  diamond  drill  test  hole. 

Public  Works 

station  "Snowdon";  Deschamps  &  Belanger 
Ltd,  extension  to  east  wing  &  alterations 
to  main  bldg,  Queen  Mary  Veterans 
Hospital;  Richard  &  B  A  Ryan  Ltd, 
interior  painting,  Old  Examining  Ware- 
houses. Ruisseau  Chapados  P  Q:  George  K 
Steele,  *dredging.  Ste  Anne  de  Bellevue 
P  Q:  Montreal  Landscape  Co  Reg'd, 
*landscaping,  Veterans  Hospital.  St 
Simeon  Est  P  Q:  Fourtunat  Bernard, 
*dredging.  Sillery  P  Q:  J  O  Lambert  Inc, 
erection  of  public  bldg.  Sorel  P  Q:  Marine 
Industries  Ltd,  Construction  of  steel 
hopper  dump  scow.  Tadoussac  (Anse  a 
L'Eau)  P  Q:  Manik  Construction  Ltd, 
wharf  reconstruction.  Fort  William  Ont: 
Hacquoil's.  wharf  repairs,  Chippewa  Park. 
Killaloe  Ont:  M  J  Sulpher  &  Sons  Ltd, 
construction  of  public  bldg.  Ottaiva  Ont: 
Lanctot  Construction  Co,  construction  of 
pumphouse  for  tunnel  drainage,  Radio  & 
Electrical  Engineering  Laboratory,  NRC; 
George  C  Graves  Construction  Ltd, 
Coronation  decorations,  Parliament  Bldgs, 
Peace  Tower  &  Centre  Block;  F  E 
Cummings  Construction  Ltd,  erection  of 
public  lavatory  bldg,  Central  Experimental 
Farm;  J  E  Copeland  Co  Ltd,  addition  & 
alterations  to  RCMP  Barracks;  Taggart 
Construction  Ltd,  construction  of  trans- 
former room,  Military  Stores  Bldg; 
Lepage-Raymond,  redecorating  work,  Par- 
liament Bldgs,  Centre  Block;  J  Walter 
Reg'd,  waterproofing,  Plaza  Garage ;  A 
Lanctot  Construction  Co,  alterations, 
decorations,  etc,  No  5  Temporary  Bldg; 
Fournier  Van  &  Storage  Ltd,  moving 
cabinets  from  various  bldgs  to  Canadian 
General  Electric  Bldg;  Doran  Construc- 
tion   Co    Ltd,   alterations   &   improvements 


79025— 9J 


1527 


130-132  Albert  St;  Roy  Soderlind  &  Co, 
air  conditioning  for  mapping  area,  Militia 
Stores  Bldg;  George  C  Graves  Construc- 
tion Co  Ltd,  alterations  for  National 
Defence  Dept,  "B"  Bldg;  Lanctot  Con- 
struction Co,  alterations,  Jackson  Bldg; 
McLennan  Plumbing  &  Heating  Ltd,  alter- 
ations to  plumbing  &  heating,  Centre 
Block,  Parliament  Bldgs;  W  0  Pickthorne 
&  Son  Ltd,  installation  of  security  lighting, 
Royal  Canadian  Mint;  Hart  Construction 
Co  Ltd,  alterations  &  repairs,  Elgin  Bldg; 
M  J  Sulpher  &  Sons  Ltd,  addition  to 
Header  House,  Central  Experimental 
Farm;  M  J  Sulpher  &  Sons  Ltd,  construc- 
tion of  testing  laboratories,  Tunney's 
Pasture;  Roy  Soderlind  &  Co,  installation 
of  air  conditioning  system  for  laboratories, 
200  Kent  St.  Pembroke  Ont:  M  J  Sulpher 
&  Sons  Ltd,  demolition  &  excavation, 
public  bldg,  phase  1.  Port  Arthur  Ont: 
Claydon  Co  Ltd,  alterations  &  additions, 
New  Public  Bldg;  McNamara  Construc- 
tion Co  Ltd,  harbour  improvements 
(rubble  mound  breakwater).  Port  Credit 
Ont:  Penny  &  Casson  Ltd,  addition  & 
alterations,  public  bldg.  Toronto  Ont: 
Turnbull  Elevator  Co  Ltd,  supply  & 
installation  of  two  mercury  rectifiers  for 
elevator  equipment,  Postal  Terminal  "A"; 
Richard  &  B  A  Ryan,  alterations  to 
Customs  Bldg  No  1;  Roberts-Hetherington 
Ltd,  interior  painting,  City  Delivery  Bldg. 
Windsor  Ont:  Granite  Construction  Ltd, 
alterations  to  Bondy  Bldg  for  Dept  of 
Fisheries;  Granite  Construction  Ltd,  alter- 
ations, renovations,  etc,  Whiteman  Bldg. 
Carman  Man:  Jack  Ross,  alterations  & 
renovation  to  the  RCMP  Detachment 
Bldg.     Ste  Rose  du  Lac  Man:   Ducharme 


Hamilton  Co  Ltd,  construction  of  RCMP 
Detachment  Bldg.  Biggar  Sask:  Shannon 
Bros,  construction  of  public  bldg.  Calgary 
Alta:  Hornstrom  Bros,  alterations  to 
elevator  &  enclosure  of  elevator  shaft, 
Traders  Bldg.  Edmonton  Alta:  S  H 
Parsons  Construction  Ltd,  alterations  to 
provide  cafeteria  &  lunch  room,  public 
bldg.  Bella  Coola  B  C:  E  0  Johnson, 
wharf  repairs.  Courtenay  B  C:  A  &  B 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  addition  &  altera- 
tions, public  bldg.  Cowichan  Lake  B  C: 
Harbour  Pile  Driving  Co,  wharf  renewal. 
Duncan  B  C:  A  V  Richardson  Ltd,  addi- 
tion &  alterations  to  UIC  bldg.  Fort 
St  John  B  C:  Bennett  &  White  Construc- 
tion Co  Ltd,  erection  of  public  bldg. 
Nanaimo  B  C :  D  Robinson  Construction 
Ltd,  demolition,  hoarding  &  general  exca- 
vation work,  public  bldg;  Paine  & 
Townsend,  construction  of  retaining  wall, 
Pacific  Biological  Station.  New  West- 
minster B  C:  Star  Shipyard  (Mercer's) 
Ltd,  *docking  &  repairing  Scow  "PWD  No 
315".  Port  Simpson  B  C:  Skeena  River 
Piledriving  Co,  wharf  repairs.  Sardis  B  C: 
B  Boe  Ltd,  supply  &  installation  of  new 
boiler  &  oil  tank,  Coqualeetza  Indian 
Hospital.  Savary  Island  B  C :  Pacific  Pile- 
driving  Co  Ltd,  wharf  repairs.  Vancouver 
(First  Narrows)  B  C:  British  Columbia 
Bridge  &  Dredging  Co  Ltd,  *dredging. 
Vancouver  B  C:  Commonwealth  Construc- 
tion Co  Ltd,  demolition  of  bldgs  on  site 
of  Post  Office  bldg;  Northern  Construction 
Co  &  J  W  Stewart  Ltd,  erection  of  customs 
bldg.  Fort  Smith  N  W  T:  Carse,  Anderson 
Ltd,  drainage,  plumbing  &  water  supply, 
bldg  No  21. 


Banff  National  Park  Alta:  J  A  Shannon 
Construction,  construction  of  reinforced 
concrete  bridge  over  40  Mile  Creek,  Trans- 
Canada  Highway.  Jasper  National  Park 
Alta:  Western  Construction  &  Lumber  Co 
Ltd,    construction    of    reinforced    concrete 


Department  of  Resources  and  Development 

bridges  &  approaches  over  Villeneuve  & 
Sulpher  Creeks;  Western  Construction  & 
Lumber  Co  Ltd,  removal  of  existing  bridge 
structure  &  construction  of  reinforced  con- 
crete bridge,  Banff-Jasper  Highway. 


Department  of  Transport 


Gander  Nfld:  Trynor  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  construction  of  water  &  sewer  lines. 
Saint  John  N  B:  Acme  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  construction  of  bldgs  &  related  work. 
Baie  Comeau  P  Q:  Veillet  &  Gosselin  Ltd, 
construction  of  field  lighting  facilities  at 
airport.  Detroit  River  Ont:  McNamara 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction  of  pier, 
fog  alarm  &  light  tower,  Livingstone 
Channel,  upper  entrance.     Gore  Bay  Ont: 


Bedard-Girard  Ltd,  construction  of  airport 
lighting  facilities.  Swift  Current  Sask: 
Western  Construction  Co,  construction  of 
dwellings  at  airport.  Castlegar  B  C: 
General  Construction  Co  Ltd.  construction 
of  -airport  runway.  Prince  George  B  C : 
Acme  Electrical  Ltd,  construction  of  field 
lighting  facilities  at  airport.  Sandspit  B  C : 
Wescan  Construction  Co  Ltd.  construction 
of  dwelling. 


1528 


Working  Conditions 


Plant  Employees'  Working  Conditions 
in  Canadian  Manufacturing  Industry 

Considerably  more  than  40  per  cent  af  plant  employees  now  on  40-hour 
week  and  proportion  of  workers  on  5-day  week  has  increased  signifi- 
cantly over  past  several  years.    Workers  receiving  more  leisure  time 


Over  the  past  several  years  there  has 
been  a  marked  tendency  to  reduce  the 
weekly  hours  worked  in  Canadian  indus- 
trial establishments.  More  than  40  per 
cent  of  plant  employees  are  now  on  a 
40-hour  week. 

This  and  other  important  trends  are 
indicated  in  the  table  overleaf,  which 
shows  in  summary  form  the  extent  and 
nature  of  the  principal  items  of  working 
conditions  in  Canadian  manufacturing  in 
1949,  1950,  1951  and  1953.  The  informa- 
tion was  obtained  from  the  annual  survey 
of  working  conditions  conducted  by  the 
Economics  and  Research  Branch  of  the 
Department  of  Labour. 

Other  trends  that  may  be  noted  from 
the  table  are:  the  significant  increase  in 
the  proportion  of  workers  on  a  5-day  week; 
the  increased  number  of  paid  statutory 
holidays  and  the  easier  eligibility  for  paid 
vacations  of  two  or  three  weeks,  both  of 
which  result  in  more  leisure  time  for 
workers;  and  the  greater  prevalence  of 
sickness  or  accident  insurance  plans  (about 
71  per  cent  of  manufacturing  employees 
are  in  establishments  reporting  such 
plans). 


Information  on  all  items  is  not  avail- 
able for  each  of  the  years  covered  by 
the  table.  The  practice  followed  in  the 
annual  survey  of  working  conditions  is  to 
repeat  certain  of  the  more  basic  questions 
each  year  and  to  vary  others.  Such  items 
as  standard  hours,  premium  rates  of  pay, 
vacations  and  statutory  holidays  have 
been  included  annually  without  interrup- 
tion. Others,  such  as  sick  leave,  group 
life  insurance,  call-in  pay  and  reporting 
pay,  have  been  collected  at  less  regular 
intervals. 

The  percentage  figures  in  the  table  rep- 
resent, in  all  cases,  the  proportion  of  the 
plant  employees  in  establishments  report- 
ing the  respective  benefits  to  the  total 
number    in    all   establishments    surveyed. 

A  review  of  the  most  important  trends 
in  working  conditions  in  Canadian  manu- 
facturing is  given  in  the  following 
paragraphs. 

Standard  Hours — The  extent  of  the 
trend  towards  a  40-hour  5-day  week  in 
industry  in  the  last  few  years  is  apparent 
from  the  table.  The  proportion  of  workers 
on  a  40-hour  week  almost  doubled  in  3^ 
years  since  October  1949,  while  the  propor- 
tion   in    plants    reporting    a    5-day    week 


Procedures  Followed  in  Annual  Survey  of  Working  Conditions 

The     Department's     annual     survey     of  of  the  total   employed   in  manufacturing, 

working    conditions,    formerly    conducted  distributed  over  the  various  branches  of 

in    October    and    now    in    April,    covers  the  industry. 

approximately     6,500     establishments     in  In    previous   years    breakdowns    of    the 

manufacturing,    most    of    which    have    15  survey  results  by  province  and  by  indus- 

or     more     employees.       The     number     of  try   have   been   published    in   the   Labour 

plant   employees   in   these-  establishments  Gazette.      In    the    present    article    only 

is  as  follows: —  the   Canada   totals   are   shown  but   tables 

Employees  giving    provincial    and    industrial    break- 
October    1949    722,000  downs    may    be    obtained    on    request    to 

October    1950    735,000  the     Economics     and     Research     Branch, 

October    1951    787,000  Department    of    Labour.      Future    issues 

April    1953 802,000  of  the  Labour  Gazette  will  contain  more 

Although    about    90    per    cent    of    the  detailed    analyses   of   some    of   the    topics 

employers    to    whom    questionnaires    have  covered    in    the    present    article,    such    as 

been     sent     have     co-operated     by     sub-  premium    rates     and     shift     differentials, 

mitting  returns,  the  coverage  has  varied  In    next    month's    issue    of    the    Labour 

slightly   from  year   to   year.  Gazette,  it  is  planned  to  issue  a  similar 

The    number    of    employees    covered    in  summary    of    the    working    conditions    of 

the    survey    is    approximately    two-thirds  office   employees  in  manufacturing. 


1529 


increased  from  three-fifths  to  almost  four- 
fifths.  Meanwhile,  the  proportion  of 
workers  on  a  48-hour  week  has  been  halved. 
Premium  Rates — The  practice  of  paying 
higher  than  straight  time  rates  for  over- 
time (usually  time  and  one-half)  is  shown 
in  the  table  to  be  quite  universal  and  has 
been  so  for  a  considerable  time.  (A  more 
detailed  analysis  of  premium  practices  will 
appear  in  a  later  issue  of  the  Labour 
Gazette.) 

Shift  Differentials — Plants  in  which 
shift  work  is  performed  accounted  in 
April  1953  for  a  larger  proportion  than  at 
either  of  the  other  previous  dates  for 
which  information  is  shown.  Practically 
all  plants  in  which  shift  work  is  performed 
pay  a  shift  differential.    (An  analysis  of  the 


size  of  differentials  commonly  being  paid 
will  appear  in  a  later  issue  of  the  Labour 
Gazette.) 

Cost-of-Living       Adjustments — As       of 

October  1952,  about  one-third  of  the  plant 
workers  in  manufacturing  were  employed 
in  establishments  where  the  cost  of  living 
is  a  determinant  in  the  adjustment  of 
wages.  Wages  are  periodically  adjusted  in 
accordance  with  changes  in  the  cost  of 
living.  In  most  of  these  cases  the  adjust- 
ment is  made  in  accordance  with  the 
movement  of  the  official  index.  In  other 
cases  a  specified  amount  or  proportion  is 
given  to  employees;  this  amount  may  vary 
with  marital  status,  number  of  dependents, 
etc. 


SUMMARY  OF  WORKING  CONDITIONS  OF  PLANT  EMPLOYEES  IN 
CANADIAN  MANUFACTURING 


Standard  Weekly  Hours 

40  and  under 

Over  40  and  under  44 

44 


45 


Over  45  and  under  48. 
48 


Over  48 

Employees  on  a  5-day  week 

Premium  Rates- 
Employees  in  establishments  where  higher  than  straight-time 

rates  are  paid  after  daily  or  weekly  hours 

Employees  in  establishments  where  time  and  one-half  is  paid 

after  daily  or  weekly  hours 


Shift  Differentials- 
Employees  in  establishments  where  shift  work  is  performed . . . 
Employees  in  establishments  where  shift  differentials  are  paid. 

Cost-of-Living  Bonus  or  Cost-of-Living  Mage  Adjustments- 
Employees  in  establishments  reporting  a  cost-of-living  bonus  or 
cost-of-living  wage  adjustment 


Production  or  Incentive  Bonus- 
Employees  in  establishments  reporting  a  production  or  incentive 
bonus 


Paid  Statutory  Holidays- 
Employees  receiving  paid  statutory  holidays 

Employees  being  paid  for  the  following  number  of  statutory 
holidays: — 

lto5 


Percentage  of  Plant  Employees 


April  1, 
1953 


More  than  8 . 


Vacations  with  Pay— 

Eligible  for  at  least  one  week  with  pay. 

One  Week  with  pay 

After  1  year  or  less 

Service  not  specified 


Eligible  for  two  weeks  with  pay. . 
Two  Weeks  with  pay  after: 

1  year  or  less 

2  years 

3  years 

5  years 

Other 


43-3 
15-3 

10-1 
15  4 

2-0 
9-6 
4-3 


93-4 


710 
66-2 


*32-0 


•28-0 


94-7 


Oct.  1 
1951 


35-8 
13  4 
11-5 
16-7 

2-3 
14-4 

5-9 

69-7 


921 
90-2 

65-2 


340 


260 


89-3 


170 

19-4 

21-1 

145 

15  5 

18-9 

12-6 

9-9 

10-7 

41-4 

37-8 

30-6 

9-2 

6-7 

5-8 

99-3 

99-1 

99-2 

911 

91-8 

91-1 

87-3 

89-3 

89-2 

3-8 

2-5 

1-9 

92-6 

89-2 

84-9 

14  9 

14-2 

12-3 

9-6 

9-3 

8-3 

22-5 

16-2 

11-5 

40-4 

46-2 

48-6 

5-2 

3-3 

4-2 

Oct.  1, 
1950 


29-4 
9-5 

i3-5 

18-8 
3-1 

19-5 
6-2 

64-6 


89-2 
64-4 


27-9 


87-1 


Oct.  1, 

1949 


25-1 
6-6 
16-7 


20-0 
6-9 


610 


90-6 


84-9 


24-4 
20-8 

7-4 
27-4 

4-9 


810 

10-2 

6-6 

6-4 

54-8 

30 


1530 


Production  or  Incentive  Bonus — Plants 
employing  more  than  one-quarter  of  the 
employees  indicated  in  the  last  three 
surveys  that  they  had  some  system  of 
incentive  payment.  Such  systems  gener- 
ally involve  a  time  and  motion  study  of 
the  process  to  establish  standards  of  pro- 
duction, and  extra  pay  is  earned  when 
these  standards  are  exceeded.  Certain 
types  of  manufacturing  lend  themselves  to 
incentive  systems  more  readily  than  do 
others,  depending  upon  how  units  of 
measurement  can  be  establised.  Within  a 
particular  plant,  only  certain  processes  may 
operate  under  an  incentive  system.  The 
table  indicates  not  the  number  of 
employees  subject  to  an  incentive  plan  but 
the  number  of  employees  in  establishments 
where  an  incentive  plan  is  in  effect. 

Paid  Statutory  Holidays — The  practice 
of  paying  employees  for  statutory  holi- 
days  on   which    they   are    not   required    to 


work  appears  to  be  on  the  increase,  both 
in  the  extent  of  the  over-all  practice  and 
in  the  number  of  holidays  paid  for.  As 
of  April  1953,  only  about  5  per  cent  of 
the  employees  covered  in  the  survey  of 
manufacturing  were  in  plants  where  no  paid 
holidays  were  granted,  compared  with  15 
per  cent  in  1949.  About  half  of  the 
workers  are  now  enjoying  eight  or  more 
paid  holidays,  compared  with  about  one- 
third  in  1949;  the  proportion  now  enjoying 
seven  holidays  is  nearly  double  the  1949 
figure. 

Vacations  with  Pay  —  Virtually  all 
workers  in  Canadian  manufacturing  are 
eligible  for  annual  paid  vacations  of  at 
least  one  week  in  length.  About  15  per 
cent  are  eligible  for  a  two-week  vacation 
after  a  year's  employment  and  more  than 
90  per  cent  can  ultimately  become  eligible 
for    two    weeks.     The    most   usual    service 


SUMMARY  OF  WORKING  CONDITIONS  OF  PLANT  EMPLOYEES  IN 
CANADIAN  MANUFACTURING— (Concluded) 


Percentage  of  Plant  Employees 


April  1, 
1953 


Oct.   1, 
1951 


Oct.  1,  Oct.  1, 

1950  1949 


Eligible  for  three  weeks  with  pay.  . 
Three  Weeks  with  pay  after: 

15  years 

20  years 

Other  periods 


Eligible  for  four  weeks  with  pay.  . 
Four  Weeks  with  pay  after: 

25  years 

Other 


Other  Vacation  Periods 

Shut-down  for  Vacation- 
Employees  in  establishments  reporting  a  shut-down  period .  . 
Employees  in  establishments  reporting  a  shut-down  period  of  2 
weeks 


Minimum  Call  Pay- 
Employees  in  establishments  reporting  minimum  call  pay: 

During  regular  hours 

Outside  regular  hours 


Rest  Periods- 
Employees  in  establishments  reporting  rest  periods 

Employees  in  establishments  receiving  2  periods  of  10  minutes 
each 


Wash-up  Periods- 
Employees  in  establishments  reporting  wash-up  periods 

Employees  in  establishments  receiving  2  periods  of  5  minutes 
each 


Sick  Leave- 
Employees  in  establishments  reporting  a  provision  for  sick  leave 

Group  Sickness  or  Accident  Insurance  Plan- 
Employees  in  establishments  reporting  a  sickness  or  accident 
insurance  plan 


50-8 

28-8 
10-9 
11-1 

4-0 

3-3 

•7 


12-7 


45-5 

19-5 
12-1 
13-9 

2-3 

2-0 
•3 

1-1 


56-0 
41-0 


51-8 
53-5 


39-3 


14-3 

8-1 
16-9 


2-3 


2-2 
•1 


58-0 
39-0 


60-7 
38-9 

45-2 
19-8 

17-5 
71-2 


30-4 

4-2 
10-4 
15-8 

•5 

•5 


56-0 
33-4 


♦October  1,1952. 

t  Less  than  0-1  per  cent. 


1531 


requirement  for  a  fortnight's  vacation  is 
five  years  but  an  increasing  number  of 
establishments  have  reduced  the  require- 
ment to  three  years  or  less. 

More  than  a  quarter  of  the  employees 
may  receive  three-week  vacations  after  15 
years'  service,  and  another  quarter  become 
eligible  after  other  periods.  The  trend 
towards  four-week  vacations  has  not 
reached  sizeable  proportions  but  approxi- 
mately 4  per  cent  of  the  plant  workers 
(numbering  some  30,000)  can  become 
eligible  for  a  fourth  week  with  pay  gener- 
ally after  25  years'  service. 

The  practice  of  closing  plants  during 
vacation  periods  has  also  been  developing; 
in  April  1953  almost  half  the  employees 
were  in  plants  where  a  two-week  shut- 
down is  in  effect  compared  with  one-third 
in  October  1949. 

Reporting  Pay  and  Call-in  Pay — Infor- 
mation on  these  items  was  collected  only 
in  1951.  It  revealed  that  one-half  the 
workers  were  employed  in  plants  where  a 
specified  number  of  hours  pay  is  guaranteed 
when  no  work  is  available  for  employees 
reporting  for  duty  at  their  usual  work  time. 
Plants  that  provide  a  guaranteed  number 
of  hours  pay  to  workers  called  to  work  at 
times  other  than  during  their  regular 
working  hours  account  for  54  per  cent  of 
the  total.  The  prevalence  of  this  practice 
can  be  assumed  to  be  even  higher  than 
indicated,  when  it  is  considered  that  such 


call-ins  are  for  the  most  part  only  neces- 
sary in  plants  operating  on  a  multi-shift 
basis. 

Rest  Periods — More  than  60  per  cent 
of  the  workers  covered  in  the  survey  were 
in  plants  where  rest  periods  or  "coffee 
breaks"  are  permitted.  The  most  fre- 
quently reported  arrangement  is  two 
periods  in  one  day,  each  of  10  minutes. 

Wash-up  Periods — The  practice  of  allow- 
ing time  for  washing-up  is  quite  prevalent 
in  manufacturing,  with  plants  employing 
45  per  cent  of  the  employees  having  such 
an  arrangement.  Two  periods  of  five 
minutes  each  is  the  predominant  practice. 

Sick  Leave  (Continuation  of  Regular 
Wages  During  Enforced  Idleness  due  to 
Illness  or  Disability) — The  survey  results 
show  that  provision  for  sick  leave  for  plant 
employees,  most  of  whom  are  hourly  paid, 
is  the  exception  rather  than  the  rule.  The 
smaller  proportion  of  employees  in  1953  as 
compared  with  1950  may  be  accounted  for 
in  part  by  the  increasing  proportion  of 
workers  to  whom  group  sickness  and 
accident  benefit  plans  are  available  in 
their  employment. 

Group  Sickness  and  Accident  Insur- 
ance Plans — These  plans  are  of  many 
kinds,  varying  as  to  benefits  available, 
type  of  underwriter,  premium  sharing,  etc. 
Details  on  the  incidence  of  the  various 
kinds  of  plans  in  1953  are  now  being  com- 
piled and  will  appear  in  a  later  issue  of 
the  Labour  Gazette. 


The  interest  and  concern  of  all  indus- 
trial groups  with  safety  was  the  subject 
of  a  recent  article  appearing  in  the  Mount 
Royal  News,  monthly  publication  of  Divi- 
sion No.  39,  Canadian  Brotherhood  of 
Railway  Employees  and  Other  Transport 
Workers,  Montreal.  The  article  high- 
lighted the  work  of  joint  employee- 
management  safety  committees  and  urged 
all  employees  to  co-operate  in  reporting 
hazards  and  reducing  accidents.  The 
article  said: — 

"In  all  cases  care  should  be  taken  to 
see    that    safe    working    conditions    prevail. 


We  have  a  committee  of  employees  and 
management  to  which  unsafe  conditions 
should  be  referred  immediately.  And  that 
means  just  that  for  if  there  is  delay  and 
action  is  not  taken,  then  there  is  the 
possibility  of  further  accidents  taking 
place. 

"Your  employer  doesn't  expect  you  to 
work  with  machines  or  materials  that  are 
not  safe.  He  will  appreciate  your  report- 
ing such  matters  immediately  so  that  they 
can  be  remedied." 


1532 


Prices  and  the  Cost-of-Living 


Cost-of-Living  Index  Makes  its 

Final  Appearance  This  Month 


From  now  on  only  consumer  price  index  will  be  available  from  Dominion 
Bureau  of  Statistics.  Suggested  method  for  conversion  of  escalator 
clauses  in  wage  contracts  issued.  Consumer  price  indexes  for  nine 
regional  cities  are  scheduled  for  release  by  DBS  early  in  November 


The  cost-of-living  index  has  been  dis- 
continued. It  will  not  be  published  beyond 
that  for  September  1  (see  below).  From 
now  on  only  the  consumer  price  index  will 
be  available. 

The  Bureau  of  Statistics  has  prepared  a 
statement  designed  to  assist  those  who 
face  the  problem  of  converting  escalator 
clauses  in  wage  contracts  from  the  use  of 
the  cost-of-living  index  to  the  use  of  the 
consumer  price  index. 

DBS  has  also  announced  that  it  plans  to 
release  early  next  month  new  consumer 
price  indexes  for  nine  regional  cities  or  city 
combinations,  as  follows:  Halifax,  Saint 
John,  Montreal,  Ottawa,  Toronto,  Winni- 
peg; Saskatoon-Regina,  Edmonton-Calgary 
and  Vancouver. 

The  problem  of  converting  escalator 
clauses  to  the  use  of  the  consumer  price 
index,  the  Bureau's  statement  points  out, 
is  basically  one  of  calculating  point  changes 
in  both  indexes  that  amount  to  the  same 
percentage    change.      Because    the    indexes 


are  at  different  levels,  a  given  number  of 
points  in  the  cost-of-living  index  is  equal 
to  a  smaller  percentage  than  the  same 
number  of  points  in  the  consumer  price 
index. 

The  Bureau's  suggested  method  of  con- 
version outlines  the  arithmetical  steps  to 
be  followed  in  the  conversion  to  retain  the 
intent  of  the  original  escalator  clause.  An 
illustrative  example  accompanies  the 
Bureau's  suggested  method. 

The  illustration  is  based  on  a  hypo- 
thetical contract  that  specifies  a  change  of 
one  cent  per  hour  for  each  change  of  1-2 
points  in  the  cost-of-living  index.  The 
Bureau  points  out  that  many  other  point 
value  relationships  are  in  use  and  that, 
while  the  arithmetic  is  applicable  to  other 
point  value  ratios,  the  method  may  not 
be  suitable  in  certain  instances. 

The  Bureau  will  gladly  give  further 
assistance  to  interested  parties  on  request, 
the  statement  declares. 

The  DBS  suggested  method  of  conver- 
sion and  the  illustrative  example  follow: — 


METHOD  OF  CONVERSION 


1 .  Select  a  conversion  month  when  the 
Consumer  Price  Index  will  be  substituted 
for  the  Cost-of-Living  Index. 

2.  Agree  that  the  "Cost-of-Living"  Bonus 
of  a  given  amount,  being  paid  on  the 
basis  of  the  Cost-of-Living  Index  for  the 
conversion  month,  shall  also  be  paid  on 
the  basis  of  the  Consumer  Price  Index 
for  the  same  month. 


ILLUSTRATIVE  EXAMPLE 

A  hypothetical  escalator  clause  incor- 
porates the  following  table  of  Cost-of-Living 
Indexes  and  corresponding  bonuses. 

Cost-of-Living  Index  Intervals 

Lower  Upper  Cents  per 

Limits  Limits  Hour  Bonus 

184-8  —     185-9 11 

186-0  —     187-1 12 

187-2  —     188-3 13 

188-4  —     189-5 14 

1.  It  is  agreed  that  the  above  clause  shall 
be  converted  to  use  of  the  Consumer  Price 
Index  as  of  August  1953. 

2.  The  August  Cost-of-Living  Index  of  186-4 
falls  in  the  bracket  of  186-0-187-1  corre- 
sponding to  twelve  cents  per  hour.  There- 
fore, a  bonus  of  twelve  cents  per  hour 
shall  be  paid  for  the  August  Consumer 
Price  Index  of  115-7. 


1533 


3.  Calculate  the  percentage  which  the  Con- 
sumer Price  Index  for  the  conversion 
month  is  of  the  Cost-of-Living  Index  for 
the  same  month. 


4.  Take  the  lower  limit  of  the  Cost-of- 
Living  Index  bracket  or  interval  in  which 
the  Cost-of-Living  Index  for  the  conver- 
sion month  falls.  Convert  this  index  to 
the  equivalent  lower  limit  of  the  corre- 
sponding Consumer  Price  Index  bracket, 
by  multiplying  it  by  the  percentage 
obtained  in  step  No.  3  above,  and  round 
to  the  nearest  one  decimal. 

5.  Take  the  figure  of  the  point  change  in 
the  Cost-of-Living  Index  required  to 
change  the  bonus  by  a  stated  amount. 
In  order  to  obtain  the  corresponding 
number  of  Consumer  Price  Index  points 
multiply  this  figure  by  the  percentage 
obtained  in  step  No.  3  above,  and  round 
to  the  nearest  one  decimal. 

6.  Starting  from  the  Consumer  Price  Index 
obtained  in  step  No.  4  above,  successively 
add  and  subtract  the  number  of  points 
obtained  in  step  No.  5  above.  This 
yields  the  lower  limits  of  a  Consumer 
Price  Index  table  equivalent  to  the  lower 
limits  of  the  Cost-of-Living  Index  table 
contained  in  the  original  contract. 


The    August    Consumer    Price    Index    of 
115-7   is   62-071   per   cent   of   the   August 
Cost-of-Living  Index  of 
186-4  115-7  x  100=62-071  per  cent. 


7.  Obtain  each  of  the  upper  limits  of  the 
new  table,  by  adding  to  the  lower  limits, 
a  number  of  points  0-1  less  than  the 
figure   calculated   in   step   No.   5. 


186-4 


The  lower  limit  of  the  bracket  in  which 
the  August  Cost-of-Living  Index  falls  is 
186-0.  When  multiplied  by  the  percent- 
age 62-071  and  rounded  to  the  nearest 
one  decimal,  this  becomes  115-5: 


In  the  above  table  a  change  in  the  Cost- 
of-Living  Index  of  1-2  points  corresponds 
to  a  change  in  the  bonus  of  one  cent  per 
hour.  This  figure  of  1-2  points,  when 
multiplied  by  the  percentage  62-071  and 
rounded  to  the  nearest  one  decimal, 
become  0-7  Consumer  Price  Index  points. 


The  Consumer  Price  Index  from  No.  4 
above  is  115-5.  The  successive  addition 
and  subtraction  of  0-7  points  yields  the 
following  lower  limits  of  a  new  table, 
corresponding  to  the  number  of  cents 
obtained  in  the  original  contract: 


Consumer  Price  Index  Intervals 

Lower  Cents  per 
Limits                                               Hour  Bonus 

114-8 11 

115-5 12 

116-2 13 

116-9 14 

7.  The  number  of  points  obtained  in  step 
No.  5  is  0-7  points.  Subtracting  0-1 
points  this  becomes  0-6  points,  which 
when  added  to  the  lower  limits  produces 
the  upper  limits.  The  completed  table 
corresponding  to  the  original  table  is 
therefore   as  follows: 

Consumer  Price  Index  Intervals 

Lower           Upper  Cents  per 

Limits           Limits  Hour  Bonus 

114-8  —     115-4 11 

115-5  —     116-1 12 

116-2  —     116-8 13 

116-9  —     117-5 14 


The  Bureau's  statement  points  out  that 
matters  pertaining  to  wage  adjustments 
are  determined  between  the  parties  con- 
cerned and  that  the  adoption,  modification 
or  rejection  of  the  method  outlined  above 
is  a  matter  of  negotiation. 

The  city  consumer  price  indexes  for 
October  that  will  be  released  next  month 
will  be  on  the  base  1949  =  100  and  will 
replace  cost-of-living  indexes  on  the  base 
August  1939  =  100.  The  index  for  Ottawa 
is  an  innovation.  The  index  for  St.  John's, 
Nfld.,  will  continue  for  a  short  time  to  be 
on  the  base  June  1951  =  100. 

Revised  samples  of  items  and  weights 
based  on  the  results  of  the  1947-49  family 


expenditure  survey  will  be  used  to  calcu- 
late the  indexes.  The  revised  pricing 
sample  for  each  index  will  be  substantially 
the  same  as  that  of  the  consumer  price 
index  for  Canada. 

Consumer  Price  Index,  September  1,  1953 

Climbing  to  within  two  points  of  the 
all-time  peak,  the  Dominion  Bureau  of 
Statistics'  consumer  price  index  rose  half 
a  point — 0-4  per  cent — from  115-7  to  116-2 
between  August  1  and  September  1.  The 
latest  index  is  the  highest  since  April  1, 
1952,  when  the  index  stood  at  116-8. 

The  peak  of  118-2  was  reached  January  2, 
1952. 


1534 


The  latest  advance  is  the  fourth  in 
succession  after  six  declines  in  a  row. 

A  rise  in  the  food  index  from  112-8  to 
114-0  was  influenced  by  shifts  in  the  Fall 
pattern  of  purchases  in  addition  to  price 
changes.  Among  foods  that  moved  higher 
were  most  items  of  pork,  eggs,  coffee,  lard, 
bread  and  butter.  Fresh  vegetables,  fresh 
fruits  and  meats  other  than  pork  were 
lower. 

The  household  operation  series  advanced 
from  117-2  to  117-4  as  increases  in  fuel 
and  in  some  household  services  outweighed 
slight  scattered  declines  in  other  sub- 
sections. 

Higher  costs  of  automobile  operation 
coupled  with  advances  in  street  car  fares 
and  magazine  subscriptions  were  reflected 
in  an  increase  in  the  other  commodities 
and  services  index  from  115-8  to   115-9. 

Clothing  remained  unchanged  at  110-4 
while  the  shelter  component  advanced 
from  124-1  to  124-2  because  of  slight 
increases  for  both  rents  and  home 
ownership. 

The  index  one  year  earlier  (September  2, 
1952)  was  116-1;  group  indexes  were:  food 
115-8,  shelter  121-2,  clothing  110-9,  house- 
hold operation  116-0  and  other  commodi- 
ties and  services  115-8. 

Cost-of-Living  Index,  September  1,  1953 

The  cost-of-living  index,  making  its  final 
appearance,  stood  at  186-3  for  September  1 
compared  with    186-4  for  August   1.     The 


highest  peak  reached  by  this  index  was 
191-2,   registered   for   November    1,    1951. 

Group  indexes  at  September  1  (August  1 
figures  in  parentheses)  were:  food  228-6 
(229-5),  rent  153-4  (153-3),  fuel  and  light 
153-9  (153-6),  clothing  207-0  (206-7),  home 
furnishings  and  services  196-0  (195-9),  and 
miscellaneous   150-2    (150-0). 

The  cost-of-living  index  one  year  earlier 
(September  2,  1952)  was  186-5.  Group 
indexes  for  that  date  were:  food  234-2, 
rent  148-9,  fuel  and  light,  150-3,  clothing 
207-7,  home  furnishings  and  services  195-8, 
and  miscellaneous  147-8. 

City  Cost-of-Living  Indexes,  August  1,  1953 

Cost-of-living  indexes  for  six  of  the  nine 
regional  centres  registered  increases  between 
July  2  and  August  1  while  three  declined. 
Mixed  changes  in  food  prices  were  recorded 
in  all  centres.  Meat  prices  were  relatively 
stable  while  eggs  continued  their  seasonal 
advance  and  fruits  and  vegetables  were 
mostly  lower.  Bread  moved  up  in  Toronto 
and  Saint  John. 

Clothing  indexes  advanced  slightly  in 
seven  centres,  mainly  reflecting  increases 
in  the  price  of  men's  suits.  Clothing 
indexes  for  Edmonton  and  Vancouver 
showed  no  change.  Seasonally  higher 
quotations  for  fuel  were  reported  in  five 
cities,  while  in  the  remaining  four  the 
indexes  were  unchanged. 


CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX  FROM  JANUARY  1949 


food    y^ 

SHELTER 

„-''"" 

1 

OTAL     / J?* 

yr/J 

Jr                HOUSEHOl 

OPERATION 

:,.»/.    t...l.. 

.J  UP 

t             WJT 

£3r     J 

i        OTHER  COMMODITY 
f 

CLOTHING 
-  AND  SERVICES 

1 

i         1         i 

.         1         , 

1         - 

), 

-         i 

1535 


COST  OF  LIVING  INDEX  FROM  JANUARY  1946 


Index 193539=100 


In  the  home  furnishings  and  services 
group  mixed  fractional  changes  were 
recorded.  Indexes  for  four  cities  advanced 
while  four  declined  and  one  remained 
unchanged.  Rents  were  reported  higher  in 
five  centres  and  unchanged  in  the  remain- 
ing four. 

The  miscellaneous  items  index  advanced 
in  all  nine  cities,  principally  because  of  a 
general  increase  in  gasoline  prices.  Higher 
rates  for  hospital  accommodation  in  Mont- 
real, Toronto,  Winnipeg  and  Edmonton 
also  contributed  to  the  advance  in  those 
four  cities. 

Composite  city  cost-of-living  index  point 
changes  between  July  2  and  August  1  were 
as  follows:  Saint  John  +1-4  to  183-8; 
St.  John's  +1-0  to  102-9;  Halifax  +0-8 
to  175-6;  Edmonton  +0-8  to  179-8; 
Toronto  +0-4  to  183-7;  Saskatoon  +0-4 
to  185-5;  Vancouver  —0-8  to  188-0;  Mont- 
real —0-4  to  191-8;  Winnipeg  —0-3  to 
178-6. 

Wholesale  Prices,  August  1953 

Wholesale  prices  were  firmer  in  August. 
The  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics'  com- 
posite index  moved  up  1-2  points — 0-5 
per  cent — to  222-4,  approximately  the  same 
level  as  in  August  last  year. 

Three  of  the  eight  major  groups  were 
higher  than  in  July,  four  were  narrowly 
lower  and  one  was  unchanged. 


Animal  products  moved  up  1-8  per  cent 
from  243-5  to  247-8  as  increases  in  cured 
meats,  livestock,  oils  and  fats,  butter, 
cheese,  fishery  items  and  hides  and  skins 
outweighed  losses  for  fresh  meats,  poultry 
and  eggs. 

Higher  quotations  for  grains,  coupled 
with  lesser  advances  for  cocoa  beans, 
coffee,  livestock  feeds,  canned  fruits  and 
canned  peas,  more  than  offset  declines  for 
potatoes,  onions,  flour,  sugar,  citrus  fruits, 
raw  leaf  tobacco,  raw  rubber  and  miscel- 
laneous vegetable  products,  to  advance  the 
vegetable  products  index  1-5  per  cent  to 
201-7  from  198-7. 

An  advance  in  the  non-metallic  series 
from  177-0  to  178-9  resulted  almost 
entirely  from  an  increase  in  petroleum 
products. 

Fibres,  textiles  and  textile  products 
declined  from  241-2  to  240-3,  as  lower 
quotations  were  registered  for  raw  cotton, 
cotton  fabrics,  cotton  yarns  and  domestic 
raw  wool.  The  wood  and  wood  products 
group  moved  from  289-7  to  288-4,  reflect- 
ing easier  prices  for  fir  and  cedar  lumber, 
newsprint  and  woodpulp.  Canadian  white 
pine  lumber  was  slightly  firmer  in  this 
group. 

In  the  non-ferrous  metals  group,  an 
increase  in  lead  and  its  products  was  more 
than  offset  by  decreases  in  copper  and  its 
products,  gold,  tin  and  silver;  the  index 
declined   from   168-3   to    168-2.     Chemicals 


1536 


and  allied  products  moved  from  176-1  to 
176-0  as  lower  prices  for  glycerine  and  soda 
ash  overbalanced  increases  in  paint 
materials.  Iron  and  steel  and  its  products 
remained  unchanged  at  an  index  level  of 
220-6. 

Canadian  farm  product  prices  at 
terminal  markets  weakened  in  August  to 
213-6  from  219-2  in  July.  Most  of  the 
decline  was  caused  by  the  change  in 
initial  payment  prices  for  western  wheat 
and  barley,  which  came  into  effect  at  the 
beginning  of  the  1953-54  crop  year  on 
August  1.  This  was  reflected  in  a  drop 
in  the  field  products  series  from  173-1  to 
157-2.     Potatoes  and  hay  also  were  lower 


in  this  section.  Animal  products  were 
slightly  firmer;  the  index  advanced  from 
265-3  to  269-9  because  of  increases  in 
livestock,  western  butterfat  and  eggs  and 
eastern  milk  for  cheese  manufacture.  These 
overbalanced  decreases  for  eastern  fowl, 
eggs  and  western  raw  wool  and  western 
milk  for   cheese   manufacture. 

The  residential  building  materials  index 
declined  to  283-6  in  August  as  against 
283-9  in  July.  Price  decreases  occurred 
for  galvanized  range  boilers,  rock  wool  and 
for  certain  lumber  descriptions.  These  out- 
weighed small  advances  in  pine  lumber, 
shellac,  cement  at  Vancouver  and  electrical 
outlet  boxes. 


Strikes  and  Lockouts 

Canada,  August  1953* 


Fewer  work  stoppages  resulting  from 
labour-management  disputes  were  in  exist- 
ence during  August  than  in  the  previous 
month  but  more  workers  were  involved 
and  the  resulting  time  loss  was  somewhat 
higher. 

Almost  three-quarters  of  the  total  idle- 
ness was  caused  by  three  disputes:  gold 
miners  at  Pamour,  South  Porcupine  and 
Timmins,  Ont.;  gold  and  copper  miners 
and  smelter  workers  at  Noranda,  Que.; 
and  truck  drivers,  warehousemen  and 
helpers   in   Southwestern   Ontario. 

Wages  and  related  questions  were  the 
central  issues  in  13  of  the  17  stoppages 
in  August  1953,  causing  90  per  cent  of  the 
total  loss.  Of  the  other  disputes,  two 
arose  over  union  questions,  one  over 
reduced  hours  and  one  over  the  suspension 
of  workers. 

Preliminary  figures  for  August  1953  show 
17  strikes  and  lockouts,  involving  8,598 
workers,  with  a  time  loss  of  92,760  man- 
days,  compared  with  30  strikes  and  lockouts 
in  July  1953,  with  7,396  workers  involved 
and  a  loss  of  73,486  days.  In  August  1952 
there  were  42  strikes  and  lockouts,  15,039 
workers  involved  and  a  loss  of  202,395  days. 

For  the  first  eight  months  of  1953 
preliminary  figures  show  105  strikes  and 
lockouts,  involving  28,505  workers,  with  a 

♦See  Tables  G-l  and  G-2  at  end  of  book. 


loss  of  376,684  days.  In  the  same  period 
in  1952  there  were  170  strikes  and  lockouts, 
with  105,727  workers  involved  and  a  loss 
of  2,419,791  days. 

Based  on  the  number  of  non-agricultural 
wage  and  salary  workers  in  Canada,  the 
time  lost  in  August  1953  was  0-11  per  cent 
of  the  estimated  working  time;  0-09  per 
cent  in  July  1953;  0-24  per  cent  in  August 
1952;  0-06  per  cent  for  the  first  eight 
months  of  1953;  and  0-37  per  cent  for  the 
first  eight  months  of  1952. 

Of  the  17  stoppages  in  August  1953,  three 
were  settled  in  favour  of  the  workers, 
one  in  favour  of  the  employer,  and  two 
were  compromise  settlements.  At  the  end 
of  the  month  11  stoppages  were  recorded 
as  unterminated. 

(The  record  does  not  include  minor 
strikes  such  as  are  defined  in  another  para- 
graph nor  does  it  include  strikes  and 
lockouts  about  which  information  has  been 
received  indicating  that  employment  condi- 
tions are  no  longer  affected  but  which  the 
unions  concerned  have  not  declared  termin- 
ated. Strikes  and  lockouts  of  this  nature 
still  in  progress  are:  compositors,  etc.,  at 
Winnipeg,  Man.,  which  began  on  November 
8,  1945,  and  at  Ottawa  and  Hamilton,  Ont., 
and  Edmonton,  Alta.,  on  May  30,  1946; 
waitresses  at  Timmins,  Ont.,  on  May  23, 
1952;  jewellery  workers  at  Vancouver,  B.C., 
on  December  8,  1952;  and  garage  workers 
at   Saint  John,  N.B.,  on  February  9,   1953.) 


1537 


Great  Britain  and  Other  Countries 


(The  latest  available  information  as  to 
strikes  and  lockouts  in  various  countries  is 
given  in  the  Labour  Gazette  from  month 
to  month.  Statistics  given  in  the  annual 
review  and  in  this  article  are  taken,  as 
far  as  possible,  from  the  government  publi- 
cations of  the  countries  concerned  or  from 
the  International  Labour  Office  Year  Book 
of  Labour  Statistics.) 

Great  Britain  and  Northern  Ireland 

The  British  Ministry  of  Labour  Gazette 
publishes  statistics  dealing  with  disputes 
involving  stoppages  of  work  and  gives 
some  details  of  the  more  important  ones. 

The  number  of  work  stoppages  begin- 
ning in  June  1953  was  141  and  11  were 
still  in  progress  from  the  previous  month, 
making  a  total  of  152  during  the  month. 
In  all  stoppages  of  work  in  progress, 
22,600  workers  were  involved  and  a  time 
loss   of  59,000  working  days   caused. 

Of  the  141  disputes  leading  to  stoppages 
of  work  which  began  in  June,  six,  directly 
involving  1,400  workers,  arose  over  demands 
for  advances  in  wages  and  54,  directly 
involving  6,600  workers,  over  other  wage 
questions;     three,     directly    involving     300 


workers,  over  questions  as  to  working 
hours;  12,  directly  involving  2,100  workers, 
over  questions  respecting  the  employment 
of  particular  classes  or  persons;  63,  directly 
involving  4,800  workers,  over  other  ques- 
tions respecting  working  arrangements;  and 
three,  directly  involving  400  workers,  over 
questions   of  trade   union   principle. 

Belgium 

During  1952  there  were  122  strikes, 
involving  269,123  workers,  with  a  time  loss 
of  863,377  days.  Disputes  over  wages 
caused  73  stoppages,  with  a  loss  of  483,096 
days  or  56  per  cent  of  the  total  idleness. 

United  States 

Preliminary  figures  for  July  1953  show 
475  work  stoppages  resulting  from  labour- 
management  disputes  beginning  in  the 
month  in  which  260,000  workers  were 
involved.  The  time  loss  for  all  work 
stoppages  in  progress  during  the  month 
was  3,000,000  man-days.  Corresponding 
figures  for  June  1953  are  500  work 
stoppages,  involving  250.000  workers  and 
a  time  loss  of  3,750,000  days. 


Publications  Recently  Received 

in  Labour  Department  Library 


The  publications  listed  below  are  not 
for  sale  by  the  Department  of  Labour. 
Persons  wishing  to  purchase  them  should 
communicate  with  the  publishers.  Publica- 
tions listed  may  be  borrowed,  free  of 
charge,  by  making  application  to  the 
Librarian,  Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa. 
Students  must  apply  through  the  library 
of  their  institution.  Applications  for  loans 
should  give  the  number  (numeral)  of  the 
publication  desired  and  the  month  in  which 
it  was  listed  in  the  Labour  Gazette. 

List  No.  62. 
Accidents 

1.  Australia.  Department  of  Labour 
and  National  Service.  Industrial  Welfare 
Division.  Carbon  Monoxide ;  the  Safe  Use 
of  Harmful  Substances.  Melbourne,  1953. 
Pp.  16. 

2.  Great  Britain.  Ministry  of  Fuel  and 
Power.     Provisional  Statement  of  Number 


of  Deaths  by  Accidents  at  Mines  and 
Quarries  in  Great  Britain  for  1952.  London, 
H.M.S.O.,  1953.     1  Pamphlet. 

3.  Quebec  Association  for  the  Preven- 
tion    of     Industrial     Accidents.       Annual 

Report,  1952.     Montreal,  1953.     1  Volume. 

Adult  Education 

4.  Alexander,  Fred.  Adult  Education  in 
Australia.  Pasadena,  Fund  for  Adult 
Education,  1953.     Pp.  36. 

5.  Educational  Television  Programs  In- 
stitute, Pennsylvania  State  College,  1952. 

A  Television  Policij  for  Education;  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Television  Programs  Insti- 
tute held  under  the  Auspices  of  the 
American  Council  on  Education  at  Penn- 
sylvania State  College.  April  21-24,  1952. 
Edited  by  Carroll  V.  Newsom.  Washing- 
ton, American  Council  on  Education.  cl952. 
Pp.  266. 


1538 


Agriculture 

6.  Nelson,  Lowry.  Migratory  Workers; 
the  Mobile  Tenth  of  American  Agriculture. 
Prepared  for  the  NPA  Agriculture  Com- 
mittee on  National  Policy.  Washington, 
National  Planning  Association,  1953. 
Pp.  33. 

7.  Schultz,  Theodore  William.  The 
Economic  Organization  of  Agriculture. 
New  York,  McGraw-Hill,  1953.    Pp.  374. 

Apprenticeship 

8.  Allis-Chalmers  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany.    Training  Department.     The  Door 

to  Opportunity  swings  Open.  Milwaukee, 
n.d.    Pp.  35. 

9.  General     Electric      Company.        You 

invest  in  your  Future.  Schenectady,  1951. 
Pp.  15. 

10.  International     Harvester     Company. 

Education  and  Personnel  Apprenticeship 
Courses;  General  Plan,  Manufacturing 
Works.     Chicago,  n.d.    Pp.  10. 

Arbitration,   Industrial 

11.  Ireland       (Eire)       Labour       Court. 

Fifth  Annual  Report,  1951.  Dublin, 
Stationery  Office,  1953.    Pp.  27. 

12.  National    Academy    of    Arbitrators. 

The  Impact  of  Arbitration  on  the  Collec- 
tive Bargaining  Process.  Report  of  the 
Committee  on  Legislation.  Fourth  annual 
meeting,  Chicago,  111.,  March  29,  30  and  31, 
1951.  Washington,  Bureau  of  National 
Affairs,  1951.    Pp.  10. 

13.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Standards. 
A  Guide  to  State  Mediation  Laws  and 
Agencies.  Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953. 
Pp.  57. 

Biographies 

14.  Bonosky,  Phillip.  Brother  Bill 
McKie;  Building  the  Union  at  Ford.  New 
York,  International  Publishers,  1953. 
Pp.  192. 

15.  Josephson,  Matthew.  Sidney  HilU 
man,  Statesman  of  American  Labor.  1st  ed. 
Garden  City,  N.Y.,  Doubleday,  1952. 
Pp.  701. 

16.  Mason,  Lucy  Randolph.  To  Win 
these  Rights;  a  Personal  Story  of  the 
C.I.O.  in  the  South.  Foreword  by  Eleanor 
Roosevelt;  introd.  by  George  Sinclair 
Mitchell.  1st  ed.  New  York,  Harper,  1952. 
Pp.  206. 

Building 

17.  Colean,  Miles  Lanier.  Stabilizing 
Construction:  the  Record  and  the  Poten- 
tial.    By   Miles  L.   Colean,  and   Robinson 

Newcomb.  1st  ed.  New  York,  McGraw- 
Hill,  1952.     Pp.  340. 


18.  U.S.        Federal        Safety        Council. 

Safety  Standards  for  Federal  Installations ; 
Construction,  Maintenance,  Repairs,  and 
Demolition.  Washington,  Bureau  of  Labor 
Standards,  1953.    Pp.  98. 

Collective  Bargaining 

19.  Editorial  Research  Reports.  Indus- 
try-wide Bargaining  and  Industry-wide 
Strikes,  by  Buel  W.  Patch.  Washington, 
1953.    Pp.  261-277. 

20.  Washington  (State)  University. 
Institute  of  Labor  Economics.  Collective 
Bargaining  Agreements  in  the  State  of 
Washington,  1951.  A  preliminary  report 
(not  published)  Circulated  for  critical 
comment.     Seattle,  1952.     1  Volume. 

Co-Operation 

21.  Ewing,  Cortez  A.  M.  The  Co-opera- 
tive Movement  in  Nova  Scotia.  Oklahoma 
City,  The  Daily  Oklahoman,  1939.    Pp.  14. 

22.  Saskatchewan.  Department  of  Co- 
operation and  Co-Operative  Develop- 
ment. Saskatchewan  Credit  Unions: 
Progress  Report  for  the  Six  Months  ending 
September  30.  1952.     Regina,  1952.     Pp.  9. 

Disabled — Rehabilitation 

23.  Gingras,  Gustave.  The  Rehabilita- 
tion Centre,  by  G.  Gingras,  Leo  Dallain, 
and  M.  Mongeau.  Montreal,  Rehabilita- 
tion Society  for  Cripples,  1953.     Pp.  24. 

24.  Jonez,  Hinton  Denny.  My  Fight  to 
conquer  Multiple  Sclerosis,  by  Hinton  D. 
Jonez;  as  told  to  Miriam  Zeller  Gross. 
New  York,  Messner,  1952.  Pp.  227.  The 
author,  a  doctor,  has  done  much  research 
on  this  disease. 

25.  Switzer,  Mary  E.  Doing  Something 
for  the  Disabled,  by  Mary  E.  Switzer  and 
Howard  A.  Rusk.  1st  ed.  New  York, 
Public  Affairs  Committee,  1953.     Pp.  28. 

26.  United  Nations.  Secretariat.  Tech- 
nical Assistance  Administration.  Modern 
Methods  of  Rehabilitation  of  the  Adult 
Disabled.  Report  of  a  Group-Training 
Course  organized  by  the  United  Nations 
with  the  co-operation  of  the  World  Health 
Organization  and  the  International  Labour 
Organization  held  in  Sweden,  Finland  and 
Denmark,  8  September-7  November  1952. 
Geneva,  1952.    Pp.  108. 

27.  Viscardi,  Henry.  Man's  Stature. 
Introd.  by  Bernard  M.  Baruch.  New  York, 
J.  Day  Co.,  1952.  Pp.  240.  The  story  of^ 
J.O.B.,  "just  one  break".  Autobiography  of 
man  born  with  underdeveloped  legs  who 
helped  war  amputees  to  get  jobs. 

Economic   Conditions 

28.  Jackson  (Gilbert)  and  Associates, 
Toronto.  Post-war  World  Trade  in  the 
primary     Commodities     as     influenced     by 


1539 


State  Trading,  International  Commodity 
Arrangements  and  Strategic  Allocations; 
with  Special  Reference  to  Canada's  Inter- 
ests.   Toronto,  1953.    Pp.  32. 

29.  Ontario.  Bureau  of  Statistics  and 
Research.  Fifth  Annual  Economic  Survey 
of  Ontario,  1953;  an  Economic  Analysis  of 
the  Province  of  Ontario  on  a  Regions  Basis. 
Toronto,  1953.    1  Volume  (various  pagings). 

30.  Saguenay  Electric  Company. 
Survey  of  the  Saguenay;  an  Economic 
Appraisal  of  Expansion  in  the  Saguenay 
District  of  Quebec.  Chicoutimi,  Quebec, 
1952.    Pp.  22. 

31.  Steiner,  George  Albert.  Govern- 
ment's Role  in  Economic  Life.  New  York, 
McGraw-Hill,  1953.    Pp.  440. 

32.  U.S.  National  Resources  Committee. 
Science  Committee.  Technological  Trends 
and  National  Policy,  including  the  Social 
Implications  of  New  Inventions ;  Report  of 
the  Subcommitte  on  Technology.  Wash- 
ington, G.P.O.,  1937.    Pp.  388. 

Employees9  Benefit  Plans 

33.  Bankers  Trust  Company,  New  York. 

A  Study  of  Industrial  Retirement  Plans, 
including  Analyses  of  Complete  Programs 
Recently  Adopted  or  Revised.  1953  ed. 
New  York,  1953.    Pp.  145. 

34.  Research  Council  for  Economic 
Security.  Employee  Benefit  Plans  Provid- 
ing Hospital,  Surgical,  Medical  Care. 
Chicago,  1951.    Pp.  12. 

Employment  Management 

35.  Bullock,  Robert  Percival.  Social 
Factors  Related  to  Job  Satisfaction;  a 
Technique  for  the  Measurement  of  Job 
Satisfaction.  Columbus,  Bureau  of  Business 
Research,  College  of  Commerce  and  Admin- 
istration, Ohio  State  University,  1952. 
Pp.  105. 

36.  Ross,  H.  John.  How  to  make  a 
Procedure  Manual.  1st  ed.  Miami,  Fla., 
Office  Research  Institute,  1951.     Pp.  123. 

Industrial   Relations 

37.  Alberta.  Board  of  Industrial  Rela- 
tions. Bulletin  on  the  Board's  Activities, 
January  1st  to  December  31,  1952.  Edmon- 
ton,  1953.     1  Volume   (various  pagings). 

38.  Canada.  Dept.  of  Labour.  Indus- 
trial Relations  Branch.  Joint  Consultation 
in  the  E.  B.  Eddy  Company.  Ottawa, 
Queen's  Printer,  1953.    Pp.  32. 

39.  Herzog,  Paul  M.  Statement  of  the 
National  Labor  Relations  Board,  by 
Paul  M.  Herzog,  chairman,  before  the 
Committee  on  Labor  and  Public  Welfare 
of  the  United  States  Senate,  April  28,  1953. 
Washington,  National  Labor  Relations 
Board,  1953.    Pp.  39. 


40.  Maier,  Norman  Raymond  Frederick. 

Principles  of  Human  Relations,  Applica- 
tions to  Management.     New  York,  Wiley, 

1952.  Pp.  474. 

Industry 

41.  Canadian  Pulp  and  Paper  Associa- 
tion. From  Watershed  to  Watermark;  the 
Pulp  and  Paper  Industry  of  Canada. 
Montreal,  1952?    Pp.  47. 

42.  Lilienthal,  David  Eli.  Big  Business: 
a  New   Era.  1st   ed.     New   York,   Harper, 

1953.  Pp.  209. 

43.  Research  Project  on  the  Structure 
of  the  American  Economy.  Studies  in 
the  Structure  of  the  American  Economy; 
Theoretical  and  Empirical  Explorations  in 
Input-Output  Analysis,  by  Wassily  Leontief 
and  others,  New  York,  Oxford  University 
Press,  1953.    Pp.  561. 

Labour  Laws  and  Legislation 

44.  Canada.  Department  of  Labour. 
Legislation  Branch.  Labour  Legislation 
in  Canada,  1949  and  1950.  First  Supple- 
ment to  Labour  Legislation  in  Canada, 
1948.  Ottawa,  Queen's  Printer,  1953. 
Pp.  408. 

45.  Congress  of  Industrial  Organiza- 
tions. Your  Rights  .  .  .  under  State  and 
Local  Fair  Employment  Practices  Law. 
Washington,  1953?    Pp.  24. 

46.  Rutgers  University,  New  Brunswick, 
N.J.  Institute  of  Management  and  Labor 
Relations.  Child  Labor;  a  Summary  of 
New  Jersey  and  Federal  Laws.  New  Bruns- 
wick, N.J.,  1952.     Pp.  25. 

Labour  Organization 

47.  American      Federation      of      Labor. 

Legislation  Achievements  of  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor.  Washington,  1953. 
Pp.  42. 

48.  Barbash,  Jack.  Unions  and  Tele- 
phones; the  Story  of  Communications 
Workers  of  America,  by  Jack  Barbash  with 
the  assistance  of  Kate  Barbash.  1st  ed. 
New  York,  Harper,   1952.     Pp.  246. 

49.  Baxter  (Raymond)  and  Co. 
Trends  in  Labor  and  Union  Policy  in 
Australia;  the  Australian  Labor  Party, 
Australian  Council  of  Trade  Unions  and 
Australian  Workers'  Union,  1953.  Mel- 
bourne, 1953.    Pp.  14. 

50.  Editorial  Research  Reports.  Crimi- 
nality in  Labor  Unions,  by  Helen  B.  Shaffer. 
Washington,  1953.    Pp.  161-177. 

51.  Kirk,  William.  National  Labor  Fed- 
erations in  the  United  States.  Baltimore, 
The  Johns  Hopkins  Press,  1906.     Pp.  150. 

52.  Levinson,  Edward.  Rise  of  the  Auto 
Workers.     3rd    ed.     Detroit,    International 


1540 


Union,  United  Automobile,  Aircraft  and 
Agricultural  Implement  Workers  of 
America,  1948.    Pp.  28. 

53.  Liveright,  Alexander  Albert.  Union 
Leadership  Training;  a  Handbook  of  Tools 
and  Techniques.  1st  ed.  New  York, 
Harper,  1951.    Pp.  265. 

54.  Stauffer,  Thomas  B.  .  Labor  Unions 
in  the  Arab  States.  (In  The  Middle  East 
Journal.    Winter  1952.    Pp.  83-88. 

Labour  Supply 

55.  Interstate  Conference  of  Employ- 
ment Security  Agencies.  Report  of  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  16th  Annual  Meeting, 
September  15-18,  1952,  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah.    Washington,  1953.    Pp.  151. 

56.  National  Manpower  Council.  A 
Policy  for  Scientific  and  Professional  Man- 
power; a  Statement  by  the  Council,  with 
Facts  and  Issues  prepared  by  the  Research 
Staff.  New  York,  Columbia  University 
Press,  1953.    Pp.  263. 

57.  New  York  (State)  Dept.  of  Labor. 
Division  of  Research  and  Statisitcs. 
Young  Workers  in  the  Seasonal  Farm 
Labor  Force,  Madison  and  Oneida  Coun- 
ties, New  York,  1951.  New  York,  1953. 
Pp.  39. 

58.  Organization  for  European 
Economic  Co-operation.  Manpower 
Committee.  Manpower  Administration  in 
Certain  Countries  of  Western  Europe. 
Report  by  Employment  Consultants  made 
at  Paris,  January  1953.  Paris,  1953. 
Pp.  96. 

59.  Wool,  Harold.  Long-Term  Projec- 
tions of  the  Labor  Force.  Paper  presented 
by  Harold  Wool,  chief,  Branch  of  Man- 
power Studies,  before  Conference  Income 
and  Wealth  of  National  Bureau  of 
Economic  Research,  New  York  City,  May 
25,  1951.  Washington,  Bureau  of  Labor 
Statistics,  1951.    Pp.  26. 

Labouring  Classes 

60.  Breckinridge,    Elizabeth    Llewellyn. 

Effective  use  of  Older  Workers.  With 
Special  Contributions  by  Elizabeth  Hatch 
and  others.  Chicago,  Wilcox  and  Follett, 
cl953.    Pp.  224. 

61.  Durkheim,  Emile.  The  Division  of 
Labor  in  Society.  Translation  from  the 
French  by  George  Simpson.  Glencoe,  111., 
Free  Press,  1949.     Pp.  439. 

62.  France.  Ministere  de  l'lndustrie 
et  du  Commerce.  Annuaire  de  Statistique 
Industrielle,  1952.  Paris,  Imprimerie 
Nationale,  1952.    Pp.  245. 

63.  International  Harvester  Company. 
The  Unstoppable;  the  Story  of  the 
Harvester  Strike,  August  21-N  ovember  15, 
1952.     Chicago,  1952?     Pp.  35. 


64.  International  Labour  Office.  World 
Labour  Report,  1953:  Productivity  and 
Welfare,  Economic  and  Social  Survey 
Activities  of  the  I.L.O.  Report  of  the 
Director-General.  First  item  on  the 
agenda.    Geneva,  1953.    Pp.  140. 

65.  International  Union  of  Food  and 
Drink  Workers'  Associations.  Interna- 
tional Survey  of  Unemployment  Insurance. 
Copenhagen,  1951.    Pp.  37. 

66.  Japan.  Public  Information  and 
Cultural  Affairs  Bureau.  Review  of 
Labor  Conditions  in  Japan.  Tokyo,  1952. 
Pp.  72. 

67.  Johannesburg  Joint  Council  of 
Europeans  and  Natives.  Forced  Labour 
in  Africa.    Johannesburg,  1930.     Pp.  18.     . 

68.  New  York  (State)  Department  of 
Labor.  Division  of  Research  and 
Statistics.  Cost  of  Living  for  Women 
Workers,  New  York  State,  September  1952. 
New  York,  1953.    Pp.  48. 

69.  United  Nations.  Secretary-General, 
1946-1953  (Lie).  Activities  of  the  United 
Nations  and  of  the  Specialized  Agencies  in 
the  Field  of  Economic,  Social  and  Cultural 
Rights;  Report.  New  York,  United 
Nations,  Commission  on  Human  Rights, 
1952.    Pp.  74. 

70.  U.S.  Department  of  Labor.  The 
Workers'  Story,  1913-1953.  Washington, 
G.P.O.,  1953.    Pp.  143. 

National  Resources 

71.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Mines.  Materials 
Survey,  Antimony,  1950,  compiled  for  the 
Materials  Office,  National  Security 
Resources  Board,  by  the  U.S.  Dept.  of  the 
Interior,  Bureau  of  Mines,  with  the  co- 
operation of  the  Geological  Survey.  Wash- 
ington, 1951.     1  Volume  (loose-leaf). 

72.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Mines.  Materials 
Surveys,  Manganese,  compiled  for  the 
Materials  Office,  National  Security 
Resources  Board,  by  the  U.S.  Dept. 
of  the  Interior,  Bureau  of  Mines,  with  the 
co-operation  of  the  Geological  Survey. 
Washington,  1952.     1  Volume. 

73.  U.S.  National  Production  Authority. 
Materials  Survey,  Rubber,  compiled  for  the 
National  Security  Resources  Board  by  the 
U.S.  Dept.  of  Commerce,  National  Produc- 
tion Authority.  Washington,  1952.  1 
Volume  (various  pagings). 

Occupations 

74.  Michigan.  Employment  Security 
Commission.  Employment  Service  Divi- 
sion. Licensed  Occupations,  Michigan. 
Lansing,  1953.    Pp.  52. 

75.  United  Fruit  Company.  Careers  with 
United  Fruit  Company.  Boston,  1953? 
Pp.  20. 


1541 


76.  U.S.      Adjutant      General's      Office. 

United  States  Army  Occupational  Hand- 
book; a  Manual  for  Civilian  Guidance 
Counsellors  and  Students.  Washington, 
G.P.O.,  1952.    Pp.  194. 

77.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Employment  Outlook  for  Mechanics  and 
Repairmen.  A  reprint  from  the  1951 
Occupational  outlook  handbook.  Washing- 
ton, G.P.O.,  1953.    Pp.  159-185. 

Productivity  of  Labour 

78.  British    Productivity    Council.      The 

British  Electricity  System.  Report  of  a 
Productivity  Team  from  the  United  States 
of  America  which  visited  the  United 
Kingdom  in  1952.    London,  1953.    Pp.  58. 

79.  British  Productivity  Council.  Gas. 
Report  of  a  Productivity  Team  Represent- 
ing the  British  Gas  Industry,  which  visited 
the  United  States  of  America  in  1952. 
London,  1953.    Pp.  194. 

80.  British  Productivity  Council.  A 
Review  of  Productivity  in  the  Printing 
Industry.    London,  1953.    Pp.  33. 

81.  International  Labour  Office.  Prac- 
tical Methods  of  Increasing  Productivity 
in  Manufacturing  Industries;  Conclusions 
of  a  Meeting  of  Experts  Communicated  to 
the  International  Labour  Conference  at  its 
36th  Session  as  a  Supplement  to  the  Report 
of  the  Director-General.  Geneva,  1953. 
Pp.  23. 

82.  Steiner,  Peter  O.  Productivity,  by 
Peter  0.  Steiner  and  William  Goldner; 
edited  by  Irving  Bernestein.  Berkeley, 
Institute  of  Industrial  Relations,  University 
of  California,  1952.    Pp.  60. 

Social   Surveys 

83.  Journal  of  Social  Issues.  Measuring 
Public  Attitudes;  reprinted  from  Volume 
II,  number  II,  Journal  of  Social  Issues. 
Ann  Arbor,  Survey  Research  Centre, 
Institute  for  Social  Research,  University  of 
Michigan,  1951.    Pp.  65. 

84.  Weschler,  Irving  R.  A  New  Man- 
agement Tool:  the  Multi-Relational  Socio- 
metric  Survey,  by  Irving  R.  Weschler, 
Robert  Tannenbaum  and  Eugene  Talbot. 
Los  Angeles,  1952.    Pp.  11. 

Wages   and   Hours 

85.  Canada.  Department  of  Labour. 
Economics  and  Research  Branch.  Wages 
and  Hours  in  the  Primary  Textiles  Indus- 
try in  Canada.  October  1952.  Ottawa, 
1952.    Pp.  12. 

86.  Editorial  Research  Reports.  Guar- 
anteed Annual  Wages,  by  Helen  B.  Shaffer. 
Washington,  1953.    Pp.  43-59. 

87.  Printing  Industry  Parity  Com- 
mittee for  Montreal  and  District.  Wage 
Rates,  by  Zones  and  by  Trades,  as  at  May 


31st,  1952,  in  the  Printing  Industry  of 
Montreal  and  District.  Montreal,  1952. 
Pp.  12. 

88.  Ross,  Arthur  Max.  The  General 
Motors  Wage  Agreement  of  1948.  Berkeley, 
1949.    Pp.  7. 

89.  San  Francisco  Employers'  Council. 
Office  Workers'  Salaries  and  Personnel 
Practices,  San  Francisco  Bay  Area,  Mid- 
Year,    1952.    San  Francisco,  1952.     Pp.  39. 

90.  Weiss,  Gertrude  Schmidt.  Factors 
to  be  considered  in  preparing  Minimum- 
Wage  Budgets  for  Women.  Prepared  by 
Gertrude  Schmidt  Weiss,  Marie  Waite, 
Economics  Division  of  Bureau  of  Home 
Economics.  U.S.  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture and  Louise  Stitt,  Women's  Bureau. 
Washington,  1937.    Pp.  56. 

Women — Employment 

91.  U.S.  Women's  Bureau..  Employed 
Mothers  and  Child  Care.  Washington,, 
G.P.O.,  1953.    Pp.  92. 

92.  U.S.  Women's  Bureau.  The  Short- 
age of  Young  Women  Workers;  What  it 
means  to  the  Nations,  to  Employers,  to  the 
Young  Women  themselves.  Washington, 
G.P.O,  1953.     1  Folder. 

Workmen's  Compensation 

93.  Alberta.     Workmen's  Compensation 

Board.  Thirty-Fifth  Annual  Report  .  .  . 
for  .  .  .  1952.  Edmonton,  Queen's  Printer, 
1953.    Pp.  32. 

94.  British  Columbia.  Workmen's 
Compensation  Board.  Thirty-Sixth 
Annual  Report,  1952.  Victoria,  Queen's 
Printer,  1953.    Pp.  40. 

Miscellaneous 

95.  Australia.  Department  of  Labour 
and  National  Service.  Industrial 
Welfare  Division.  Profit  Sharing:  a 
Study  of  the  Results  of  Overseas  Experi- 
ence.    Melbourne,  1947.    Pp.  30. 

96.  Bevan,  Aneurin.  In  Place  of  Fear. 
London,  William  Heinemann,  1952.  Pp. 
213.  This  book  presents  the  author's  ideas 
on  politics  and  socialism. 

97.  Garrett,  Annette  Marie.  Interview- 
ing, its  Principles  and  Methods.  New 
York,  Family  Service  Association  of 
America,  cl942.    Pp.  123. 

98.  Hurstfield,  J.  The  Control  of 
Raw  Material.  London.  H.M.S.O.  and 
Longman's  Green,  1953.     Pp.  530. 

99.  Spear,  Mary  Eleanor.  Charting 
Statistics.  New  York,  McGraw-Hill,  1952. 
Pp.  253. 

100.  U.S.  Congress.  Joint  Committee 
on  Atomic  Energy.  The  Hydrogen  Bomb 
and  International  Control;  Technical  and 
Background  Information.  Washington, 
G.P.6.,  1950.    Pp.  41. 


1542 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOUR 

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The  Labour  Gazette  (Monthly) 

The  Official  Journal  of  the  Department  of 
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Unemployment  Insurance  Commission,  la- 
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other  countries,  activities  of  the  International 
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Subscription  Rates:  $1.50  per  annum  in  Canada; 
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Reprints  from  The  Labour  Gazette 

The  Canadian  Labour  Force,  January  1950 

The  Canadian  Worker  in  a  Changing  Economy, 
September  1950. 

Canada  and  the  World  Movement  Towards 
Social  Justice,  September  1950. 

Working  Conditions  of  Office  Employees  in 
Canada,  January  1951. 

Collective  Agreements  in  the  Tobacco  Indus- 
try, February  1951. 

Collective  Agreements  in  the  Chemical  Pro- 
ducts Industry,  April  1951. 

Wages,  Hours  and  Working  Conditions  in  Iron 
and  Steel  Products  and  Transportation 
Equipment  Industries,  July  1951. 

Hours  and  Working  Conditions  in  the  Manu- 
facturing Industries  of  Halifax,  Montreal, 
Toronto,  Winnipeg  and  Vancouver,  at  October 
1950,  July  1951. 

Security  Provisions  in  Collective  Agreements, 
Manufacturing  Industry,  October  1951. 

Numbers  of  Workers  Affected  by  Collective 
Agreements  in  Canada,  1950,  by  Industry, 
December  1951. 

Cost  of  Living  Escalator  Clauses  in  Collective 
Agreements,  December  1951. 

Wages,  Hours  and  Working  Conditions  in  the 
Primary  Textile  Industry,  May  1952. 

The  Normal  Work  Week  in  the  Canadian 
Manufacturing  Industries  at  October  1951, 
June  1952. 

Annual  Vacations  with  Pay  in  Canadian  Manu- 
facturing Industries,  August  1952. 

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1543 


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Free.     (English  and  French.) 

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Industrial  Democracy  at  Work 

Partners  in  Production  No.  2 

Teamwork  in  Action 

A  Stitch  in  Time 

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What  Management  Men  Say  About  LMPCs 

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1946 

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A  one-page  bulletin  with  a  wide  subject  range, 
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Bulletins  of  Industrial  Relations  Series 

No.  1 — Joint  Councils  in  Industry. 

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Construction  Industries  in  Canada,  Ottawa, 

May  3-6,  1921. 
No.  5 — Canada  and  the  International  Labour 

Conference. 
No.  8 — National  Conference  regarding  Winter 

Employment  in  Canada,  September  3-4,  1924. 

Canadian    Railway    Board    of    Adjustment 

No.  1. 


Supervisory  Manuals 

Outlines  briefly  the  supervisory  training  pro- 
grams: Job  Instructions,  Job  Relations,  Job 
Methods  and  Job  Safety. 

Available  in  English  to  qualified  Conference 
Leaders  only. 

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This  publication  explains  the  development  of 
technical  and  vocational  education  by 
provinces  and  covers  the  provincial  technical 
and  vocational  schools  and  programs. 

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Accidents  Don't  Happen 

Pamphlet  describing  a  series  of  six  industrial 
safety  films  produced  by  the  National  Film 
Board  for  the  Department  of  Labour. 

Free.     (English  and  French.) 

Catalogue  of  Films  and  Filmstrips  for  Cana- 
dian Industry 

Prepared  for  the  Department  of  Labour  by  the 
National  Film  Board.  Provides  a  classified 
description  of  the  various  industrial  films 
available  through  the  NFB. 

Free. 

NOTE:  The  above  list  does  not  include  statutes 
and  regulations  administered  by  the 
Department  of  Labour  which  are  issued 
in  pamphlet  form,  press  releases  or 
similar  information  of  a  current  nature. 


1544 


Labour   btaosties 


A— Labour  Force 

Page 
D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey 

Table  A-l — Estimated  Distribution  of  Canadian  Manpower 1546 

Table  A-2 — Persons  Looking  for  Work  in  Canada 1546 

Table  A-3— Regional  Distributions,  Week  Ended  July  18,  1953 1547 

Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 

Table  A-4—  Distribution  of  All  Immigrants  by  Region 1547 

Table  A-5 — Distribution  of  Workers  Entering  Canada  by  Occupations 1548 

B— Labour  Income 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics  Monthly  Estimates  of  Labour  Income 

Table  B-l — Estimates  of  Labour  Income 1548 

C— Employment,  Hours  and  Earnings 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics:  Employment  and  Payrolls 

Table  C-l — Employment  Index  Numbers  by  Provinces 1549 

Table  C-2 — Employment,  Payrolls,  and  Weekly  Wages  and  Salaries 1550 

Table  C-3 — Summary  of  Employment,  Payrolls  and  Average  Weekly  Wages  and  Salaries 1551 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings 

Table  C-4 — Hours  and  Earnings  in  Manufacturing 1552 

Table  C-5 — Hours  and  Earnings  in  Manufacturing  by  Provinces  and  Cities 1552 

Table  C-6 — Hours  and  Earnings  by  Industry 1553 

Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 

Table  C-7 — Real  Earnings  in  Manufacturing 1554 

D— Employment  Service  Statistics 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 

Table  D-l — Unfilled  Vacancies  and  Unplaced  Applicants  as  at  First  of  Month 1555 

Table  D-2 — Unfilled  Vacancies  by  Industry  and  by  Sex 1556 

Table  D-3 — Unfilled  Vacancies  and  Unplaced  Applicants  by  Occupation  and  by  Sex 1557 

Table  D-4 — Activities  of  National  Employment  Service  Offices 1558 

Table  D-5 — Applications  and  Placements  Since  1943 1563 

E— Unemployment  Insurance 

Unemployment  Insurance  Commission  and  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
Report  on  the  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Table  E-l — Number  Receiving  Benefit  with  Amount  Paid 1564 

Table  E-2 — Persons  Signing  the  Live  Unemployment  Register  by  Number  of  Days  Continu- 
ously on  the  Register 1564 

Table  E-3 — ^  laims  for  Benefit  by  Provinces  and  Disposal  of  Claims 1565 

Table  E-4— Claimants  Not  Entitled  to  Benefit  with  Reasons  for  Non-Entitlement 1565 

Table  E-5 — Estimates  of  the  Insured  Population 1565 

Table  E-6 — Unemployment  Insurance  Fund 1566 

F— Prices 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 

Table  F-l— Index  Numbers  of  the  Cost  of  Living  in  Canada 1567 

Table  F-la — Consumer  Price  Index  Numbers,  Canada 1568 

Table  F-2 — Index  Numbers  of  the  Cost  of  Living  for  Nine  Cities  of  Canada 1569 

Table  F-3— Index  Numbers  of  Staple  Food  Items 1569 

Table  F-4— Retail  Prices  of  Staple  Foods  and  Coal  by  Cities 1570 

Table  F-5 — Index  Numbers  of  the  Cost  of  Living  in  Canada  and  Other  Countries 1574 

Table  F-6 — Index  Numbers  of  Wholesale  Prices  in  Canada 1575 

G— Strikes  and  Lockouts 

Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 

Table  G-l — Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada  by  Month 1576 

Table  G-2 — Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada  During  August 1577 

1545 


A — Labour  Force 

TABLE  A-l.— ESTIMATED  DISTRIBUTION  OF  CANADIAN  MANPOWER 

(Thousands  of  persons  14  years  of  age  and  over) 
Source:  D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey 


Week  Ended  July  18,  1953 

Week  E 

,nded  June  20,  1953 

Total 

Males 

Females 

Total 

Males 

Females 

10,037 
5,515 

5,082 

4,807 

275 

91 

* 

*  23 

* 
* 

16 

* 

17 

14 

184 

343 

332 

12 

* 

45 

* 

263 

* 

11 

90 

4,522 

178 

3,416 

* 

882 
42 

5,011 

4,294 

3,996 

3,870 

126 

67 

12 

12 

* 

14 

12 

59 

224 

220 

*  36 

168 

* 
* 

74 

717 

118 

* 
* 

575 
20 

5,026 

1,221 

1,086 

937 

149 

24 

11 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 
125 
119 
112 

* 

* 

* 
*  95 

16 

3,805 

60 

3,414 

* 

307 
22 

10,020 

5,387 
5,172 

4,888 
284 
89 

22 
* 
14 

*  16 

14 
195 
125 
120 

10 

48 

* 

*  50 

90 

4,633 
181 

3,330 

543 

561 

18 

5,002 
4,197 
4,024 
3,889 
135 
70 

15 
* 
13 
12 

12 

65 
96 
93 

*  39 
35 

77 
805 
*116 
271 

408 

* 

5,018 
1  190 

1,148 
999 

149 

19 

* 

* 

* 

* 

(f )   illness 

* 

* 

* 

(i)   other 

* 

130 

29 

27 

* 

(c)  illness 

* 

* 

15 

(f )   other 

* 

* 

Persons  without  jobs  and  seeking  work(') 

.3 

3,828 

65 

3,328 

272 

(a)  permanently  unable  or  too  old  to  work .  . 

153 

10 

(0  Included  here  are  only  those  who  did  not  work  during  the  entire  survey  week  and  were  reported  looking  for  work. 
For  all  those  who  were  reported  as  seeking  work  during  the  survey  week,  see  Table  A-2. 
*  Less  than  10,000. 


TABLE  A-2.— PERSONS  LOOKING  FOR  WORK  IN  CANADA 

(Estimates  in  thousands) 
Source:  D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey 


Week  Ended  July  18,  1953 

Week  Ended  June  20,  1953 



Total 

Seeking 

Full  Time 

Work 

Seeking 

Part  Time 

Work 

Total 

Seeking 

Full  Time 

Work 

Seeking 

Part  Time 

Work 

102 

90 
41 

28 

* 

* 
12 

89 
80 

* 
* 

13 
10 

101 

90 
44 
24 
12 

11 

89 
80 

12 

10 

7-12  months 

13-18  months 

* 

* 

* 

Less  than  10,000. 


1546 


TABLE  A-3.— REGIONAL  DISTRIBUTIONS,  WEEK  ENDED  JULY  18, 1953 

(Estimates  in  thousands) 


— 

Canada 

Nfld. 

P.E.I. 

N.S. 
N.B. 

Que. 

Ont. 

Man. 

Sask. 
Alta. 

B.C. 

The  Labour  Force 

5,515 

995 
4,520 

4,294 

917 

3,377 

1,221 

78 

1,143 

5,515 

671 

738 

2,478 

1,410 

218 

109 

* 

108 

92 

* 

91 

17 

17 

109 
14 
16 

48 
26 

434 

76 

358 

338 
70 

268 

96 
* 

90 

434 

59 
56 
187 
112 
20 

1,569 

242 

1,327 

1,222 
225 

997 

347 

17 

330 

1,569 
217 
243 
707 
356 
46 

1,968 

249 

1,719 

1,495 

229 

1,266 

473 

20 

453 

1,968 
209 
247 
895 
533 
84 

988 
402 
586 

800 
372 

428 

188 
30 
158 

988 
131 
125 
431 
256 
45 

447 

25 

422 

347 

20 

327 

100 

* 

95 

447 

41 

20-24  years 

51 

210 

127 

65  years  and  over 

18 

Persons  icith  Jobs 

5,425 
4,220 
1,205 

993 
4,432 

4,038 
2,983 
1,055 

107 
90 
17 

106 

84 
69 
15 

421 
327 

94 

75 
346 

308 
227 

81 

1,532 

1,191 

341 

242 
1,290 

1,165 

864 
301 

1,946 
1,477 

469 

248 
1,698 

1,570 

1,147 

423 

982 
795 
187 

402 
580 

544 
395 
149 

437 

340 

97 

25 

412 

367 

281 

86 

90 

» 

13 

37 

22 

* 

10 

Persons  not  in  the  Labour  Force 

4,522 

717 

3,805 

130 
32 

98 

411 

76 

335 

1,260 

176 

1,084 

1,489 

217 

1,272 

813 
128 

685 

419 

88 

331 

Less  than  10,000. 


TABLE  A-l.— DISTRIBUTION  OF  ALL  IMMIGRANTS  BY  REGION 

Source:  Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 


Month 

Atlantic 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Prairies 

B.C. 
Yukon 
N.W.T. 

Canada 
Total 

Adult 
Males 

1949-Total 

1950— Total 

2,777 
2,198 
3,928 
4,531 

3,156 

2.738 

18,005 
13,575 
46,033 
35,318 

24,192 

19,209 

48,607 
39,041 
104,842 
86,059 

61,218 

50,465 

17,904 
12,975 
25,165 
23,560 

16,032 

17,642 

7,924 
6,123 
14,423 
15,030 

10,146 

7,979 

95,217 

73,912 
194,391 
164,498 

114,744 

98,033 

39,044 
30,700 

1951— Total 

95,818 

1952— Total 

66,083 

1952— Jan.-July 

50,308 

1953— Jan.-July 

41,008 

1547 


TABLE  A-5.— DISTRIBUTION  OF  WORKERS  ENTERING  CANADA  BY  OCCUPATIONS 

Source:  Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 


Month 

Is 

a'S 

03   Oi 

1 
O 

«  2 

"hj  c3 
03  O 

HO 

T3 

C 
c3 

as 

o.S 

o 

dg 

03 
s- 

3 

M 
< 

M 

.5.2 

fi'g 

Manufacturing, 
Mechanical  and 
Construction 

£ 

3 

o 

u 

o 

2 

93 

1 

3 

H 

1951— Total 

4,001 
7,054 

3,971 

5,779 

5,317 
6,900 

4,553 

3,626 

25,890 
16,971 

13,682 

13,142 

5,402 
1,526 

1,080 

614 

114,786 

1952— Total 

85,029 
62,236 

1952— Jan. -July 

1953— Jan.-July 

1,113 

1,904 

6,963 

506 

15,126 

4,532 

53,305 

Due  to  change  in  occupational  classifications,  comparisons  with  earlier  periods  can  not  be  made  for  all  groups. 
Where  possible,  comparisons  are  indicated  in  the  above  table. 


B — Labour  Income 

TABLE  B-l.— ESTIMATES  OF  LABOUR  INCOME 

($  Millions) 
Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


— 

Agricul- 
ture, 
Forestry, 

Fishing, 
Trapping, 

Mining 

Manu- 
facturing 

Construc- 
tion 

Utilities, 
Transport- 
ation, 
Communi- 
cation, 
Storage 
Trade 

Finance, 
Services, 
(including 
Govern- 
ment) 

Supple- 
mentary 
Labour 
Income 

Total 

« 

32 
33 
35 
41 
42 
49 
49 
55 
70 
76 

64 

63 
63 
60 
60 
66 
72 
71 
72 
76 
81 
83 
81 

79 
80 
74 
63 
69 
71 
71 
78 
80 
82 
83 
76 

71 
69 
61 
61 
69 
75 

168 
171 
156 
147 
177 
203 
214 
231 
270 
299 

251 

249 
252 
257 
263 
266 
273 
273 
277 
282 
280 
280 
286 

279 
284 
290 
291 
292 
292 
294 
304 
312 
314 
318 
322 

317 
322 
325 
326 
328 
328 

21 
17 
19 
25 
34 
41 
47 
47 
52 
62 

50 

42 
41 
39 
45 
52 
55 
55 
60 
61 
60 
60 
52 

49 
47 
48 
53 
60 
61 
70 
75 
74 
77 
75 
62 

58 
56 
57 
63 
72 
72 

86 
95 
100 
114 
134 
154 
169 
180 
208 
230 

193 

189 
190 
193 
199 
205 
211 
212 
214 
217 
219 
223 
222 

215 
216 
218 
222 
227 
231 
234 
234 
236 
239 
242 
245 

247* 

235 

236 

253* 

249 

253 

78 
83 
90 
103 
114 
131 
147 
156 
178 
197 

162 

164 
162 
175 

171 
177 
179 
179 
180 
182 
188 
191 
188 

188 
193 
193 
193 
197 
200 
201 
197 
198 
202 
202 
205 

203 

207 
213 
213 
219 
218 

14 
13 
13 
14 
17 
19 
21 
24 
28 
31 

26 

27 
25 
26 
27 
28 
28 
30 
29 
29 
30 
30 
29 

29 
29 
29 
30 
30 
30 
31 
31 
31 
32 
32 
32 

32 
31 
32 
33 
32 
33 

399 

412 

413 

444 

518 

597 

647 

693 

806 

895 

746 

734 

733 

March 

750 

April 

765 

May 

794 

June 

818 

July 

820 

832 

847 

858 

867 

858 

1952 — January 

839 

849 

852 

April 

852 

May 

875 

885 

July 

901 

August 

919 

September 

931 

946 

952 

942 

928 

920 

March 

924 

April 

949 

May 

969 

979 

x  Includes  Newfoundland,  since  1949. 


Includes  retroactive  wage  payment  to  railway  employees. 


1548 


C — Employment,   Hours   and  Earnings 

TABLE  C-l.— EMPLOYMENT  INDEX  NUMBERS  BY  PROVINCES 

(Average  calendar  year  1939  =  100).        (The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision.) 

Soukce:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 

Tables  C-l  to  C-3  are  based  on  reports  from  employers  having  15  or  more  employees— At  July  1,  employers 
in  the  principal  non-agricultural  industries  reported  a  total  employment  of  2,517,571 


Year  and  Month 


1947— Average. 
1948 — Average. 
1919 — Average. 
1950 — Average. 
1951— Average. 
1952— Average. 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Jan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Apr. 
May 
June 
July 


Percentage  Distribution    of    Employees    of    Re- 
porting Establishments  at  July  1,  1953 


1,  1952. 
1,  1952. 
1,  1952. 
1,  1952. 
1,  1952. 
1,  1952. 
1,  1952. 
1,  1951. 
1,  1952. 
1,  1952. 
1,  1952. 
1,  1952. 

1,  1953. 
1,  1953. 
1,  1953. 
1,  1953. 
1,  1953. 
1,  1953. 
1,  1953. 


-a 

03 

c 
a 
O 

03.2 

Js 

44 

£p3 

o3 

c 
O 

03 

2 

'a 

c 

03 
5= 
0) 
A 
o 

"o3 

m 
03 
DC 

03 
V 

158-3 
165-0 

146-5 
161-0 

137-2 

148-4 

172-7 

150-9 

163-9 

171-2 

156-0 
162-0 

135-8 
139-0 

158-9 
168-9 

165-5 

157-0 

149-0 

165-6 

154-3 

173-1 

166-7 

139-7 

180-3 

168-0 

173-1 

142-5 

169-9 

155-0 

177-7 

168-0 

140-8 

188-5 

180-2 

176-8 

149-4 

180-5 

168-5 

191-0 

173-2 

148-1 

202-6 

184-7 

193-4 

155-0 

181-3 

175-0 

193-8 

176-7 

155-7 

217-9 

181-0 

175-2 

149-2 

190-7 

171-7 

190-3 

173-0 

152-1 

206-0 

177-8 

183-4 

150-9 

186-3 

169-0 

187-6 

169-1 

142-4 

201-7 

178-0 

160-6 

146-7 

185-3 

169-6 

187-5 

167-8 

141-7 

201-8 

177-9 

213-4 

148-9 

192-4 

166-4 

187-6 

168-8 

142-0 

201-6 

177-4 

175-6 

146-2 

167-4 

164-2 

188-3 

170-9 

147-3 

207-0 

182-5 

191-7 

151-5 

174-6 

170-9 

191-6 

176-6 

158-5 

214-1 

185-5 

199-4 

160-6 

178-6 

177-3 

196-5 

179-2 

162-3 

222-4 

1S8-8 

207-9 

160-4 

172-3 

183-5 

195-9 

182-7 

166-1 

231-5 

190-6 

209-2 

163-8 

183-5 

179-3 

198-3 

182-7 

164-2 

235-3 

192-6 

205-4 

163-6 

186-0 

182-1 

200-7 

183-0 

162-4 

230-7 

192-3 

199-8 

160-2 

177-1 

182-8 

200-4 

182-6 

164-2 

231-3 

192-2 

199-0 

158-0 

180-9 

183-1 

200-7 

183-9 

164-7 

231-6 

187-0 

184-4 

154-5 

178-9 

175-6 

198-2 

177-9 

158-5 

226-6 

182-5 

176-5 

151-1 

167-3 

171-3 

195-7 

173-3 

148-4 

219-3 

182-0 

167-6 

146-7 

164-3 

170-6 

195-4 

170-9 

147-6 

221-3 

182-0 

168-0 

145-5 

161-3 

169-1 

196-0 

171-5 

147-7 

219-3 

183-5 

176-2 

146-6 

158-6 

171-1 

196-3 

174-7 

152-5 

222-9 

187-5 

194-2 

151-5 

166-7 

175-2 

198-7 

179-2 

161-9 

230-3 

190-8 

193-5 

155-9 

169-1 

177-5 

201-7 

183-5 

167-4 

239-8 

100-0 

0-2 

3-5 

2-4 

28-9 

43-1 

5-2 

2-4 

5-2 

CQO 


174-1 
181-6 
179-3 
180-7 
190-3 
191-3 

186-4 
179-9 
183-9 
188-6 
192-7 
195-1 
171-2 
183-9 
201-9 
206-3 
205-2 
200-8 


181-1 
183-1 
187-5 
190-9 
195-0 
200-5 


Note: — The  percentage  distribution  given  above  shows  the  proportion  of  employees  in  the  indicated  province,  to 
the  total  number  of  employees  reported  in  Canada  by  the  firms  making  returns  at  the  latest  date. 


1549 


79025—10 


TABLE  C-2.— EMPLOYMENT,  PAYROLLS  AND  WEEKLY  WAGES  AND  SALARIES 

(1939  =  100)        (The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision) 
Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 


Year  and  Month 


1939— Average. 

1947— Average. 
1948— Average. 
1949— Average. 
1950— Average. 
1951 — Average. 
1952— Average. 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Jan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Apr. 
May 
June 
July 


1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 

1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 


Industrial  Composite1 


Index  Numbers 


Employ- 
ment 


100-0 

158-3 
165-0 
165-5 
168-0 
180-2 
184-7 


181- 
177' 
178- 
177 
177' 
182. 
185- 
188- 
190 
192- 
192 
192 

187> 
182> 
182> 
182' 
183 
187' 


190-8 


Aggregate 
Weekly 
Payrolls 


100-0 

245-2 
282-9 
303-7 
321-8 
381-3 
426-1 


402-9 
409-0 
411-5 
410-6 
420-2 
426-3 
433-3 
442-7 
452-2 
455-8 
459-5 

428-7 
441-1 
445-0 
444-4 
450-0 
460-9 
468-1 


Average 

Wages  and 

Salaries 


100-0 

154-4 
170-9 
183-3 
191-3 
211-6 
230-9 

215-1 


230-2 
231-7 
231-8 
230-7 
230-2 
229-9 
232-7 
235-2 
237-4 
239-4 

229-6 
242-0 
244-9 
244-6 
245-4 
246-2 
245-6 


Average 

Weekly 

Wages  and 

Salaries 


$ 

23.44 

36.19 
40.06 
42.96 
44.84 
49.61 
54.13 

50.42 
53.19 
53.95 
54.32 
54.34 
54.08 
53.96 
53.89 
54.55 
55.12 
55.65 
56.12 

53.81 
56.72 
57.40 
57.33 
57.52 
57.71 
57.58 


Manufacturing 


Index  numbers 


Employ- 
ment 


100-0 

171-0 
176-0 
175-9 
177-5 
190-0 
192-4 

183-6 
185-2 
187-3 
188-3 
188-7 
190-9 
191-4 
194-1 
198-5 
200-8 
199-8 
199-6 

196-3 
197-6 
199-5 
200-1 
200-8 
201-6 
203-3 


Aggregate 
Weekly 
Payrolls 


100-0 

272-7 
314-1 
339-2 
360-2 
427-6 
474-0 

417-8 
449-9 
458-0 
467-2 
468-4 
470-1 
470-1 
474-6 
490-9 
503-0 
505-7 
512-2 

473-2 
510-3 
518-7 
522-2 
523-9 
526-2 
528-6 


Average 

Wages  and 

Salaries 


100-0 

159-5 

178-5 
192-9 
202-8 
224-9 
246-2 

227-4 
242-9 
244-5 
248-1 
248-1 
246-2 
245-5 
244-4 
247-3 
250-5 
253-0 
256-5 

241-0 
258-1 
260-0 
260-8 
260-8 
260-8 
259-8 


Average 

Weekly 

Wages  and 

Salaries 


22.79 

36.34 
40.67 
43.97 
46.21 
51.25 
56.11 

51.82 
55.36 
55.73 
56.55 
56.55 
56.10 
55.95 
55.71 
56.36 
57.09 
57.66 
58.46 

54.93 
58.83 
59.25 
59.44 
59.44 
59.44 
59.20 


1  Includes  (1)  Forestry  (chiefly  logging),  (2)  Mining  (including  milling),  quarrying  and  oil  wells,  (3)  Manufacturing, 
(4)  Construction,  (5)  Transportation,  storage  and  communication,  (6)  Public  utility  operation,  (7)  Trade,  (8)  Finance, 
insurance  and  real  estate  and  (9)  Service,  (mainly  hotels,  restaurants,  laundries,  dry  cleaning  plants,  business  and  re- 
creational service). 


1550 


TABLE  C-3.— AREA  AND  INDUSTRY  SUMMARY  OF  EMPLOYMENT,  PAYROLLS 
AND  AVERAGE  WEEKLY  WAGES  AND  SALARIES 

(1939  =  100) 

Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 


Area  and  Industry 


(a)  Provinces 

Prince  Edward  Island 

Nova  Scotia 

New  Brunswick 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Manitoba 

Saskatchewan 

Alberta 

British  Columbia 

CANADA 


(b)  Metropolitan  Areas 


Sydney 

Halifax 

Saint  John 

Quebec 

Sherbrooke 

Three  Rivers 

Drummondville 

Montreal 

Ottawa— Hull 

Peterborough 

Oshawa 

Niagara  Falls 

St.  Catharines 

Toronto 

Hamilton 

Brantford 

Gait 

Kitchener 

Sudbury 

London 

Sarnia 

Windsor 

Sault  Ste.  Marie 

Ft.  William— Pt  Arthur. 

Winnipeg 

Regina 

Saskatoon 

Edmonton 

Calgary 

Vancouver 

Victoria 


Index  Numbers  (1! 


100 ) 


Employment 


July  1      June  1      July  1 
1953  1953  1952 


(c)  Industries 

Forestry  (chiefly  logging) 

Mining 

Manufacturing 

Durable  Goods1 

Non-Durable  Goods 

Construction 

Transportation,    storage,    communi 

cation 

Public  utility  operation 

Trade 

Finance,  insurance  and  real  estate .  . 
Service2 

Industrial  composite 


193-5 
155-9 
169-1 
177-5 
201-7 
183-5 
167-4 
239-8 
200-5 

190  8 


105-2 
210-2 
164-1 
168-5 
167-7 
174-4 
169-9 
190-0 
193-6 
192-6 
308-4 
312-8 
245-0 
213-1 
207-5 


186-1 
164-6 
185-2 
184-2 
211-9 
324-6 
249-2 
260-4 
246-6 
181-2 
185-3 
215-9 
318-1 
239-3 
205-7 
228-1 


144-1 
122-9 
203-3 
265-2 
163-5 
200-5 

191-5 

208-8 
183-5 
180-6 


190-8 


194-2 
151-5 
166-7 
175-2 
198-7 
179-2 
161-9 
230-3 
195-6 

187  5 


110-1 
205-7 
165-1 
166-8 
168-9 
170-6 
174-7 
189-3 
192-0 
190-0 
307-5 
309-0 
243-0 
210-1 
207-9 
188-3 
167-0 
183-7 
183-9 
209-0 
313-7 
245-0 
262-9 


241 
177 
177 
207 
315 
232 
203 
227 


130-0 
121-3 
201-6 
264-8 
160-9 
189-9 

188-1 
201-8 
181-7 
179-5 
193-4 

187-5 


199-4 
160-6 
178-6 


177- 
196' 
179' 
162 
222 
171 


185  5 


113-7 

204-5 

167-8 

160-6 

170-1 

180-4 

174-9 

183-2 

190-9 

198-6 

266-8 

292-4 

244-8 

201-8 

203 

215 

154 

174 

182 

197 

337 

244-6 

247-7 

244-8 

175 

172 

200 

277 

232 

189 


Payrolls 


July  1      June  1      July  1 
1953  1953  1952 


4 
6 
3 
3 
9 
202-1 


149-2 
125-8 
191-4 
244-0 
157-5 
209-4 

190-6 
201-8 
177-4 
180-0 
196-3 

185-5 


435-1 
349-4 
406-8 
453-5 
492-8 
396-1 
382-2 
558-0 
494-0 

468  1 


279-5 
411-9 
351-9 
422-2 
386-0 
466-3 
454-1 
460-0 
433-7 
567-9 
876-2 
872-8 
669-6 
508-3 
528-5 
505-1 
434-4 
484-5 
454-9 
492-9 
823-8 
611-0 
665-3 
587-4 
385-3 
411-6 
487-7 
793-9 
519-7 
484-8 
551-5 


485-9 
290-3 
528-6 
698-3 
406-8 
639-4 

414-9 
462-2 
411-2 
322-5 
439-1 

468-1 


445-1 
341-5 
398-1 
450-6 
485-0 
386-2 
367-0 
541-7 
485-2 

460  9 


287-5 
408-1 
352-0 
420-2 
412-9 
450-3 
472-1 
462-6 
430-7 
548-0 
868-7 
879-3 
664-4 
499-0 
532-9 
521') 
437-7 
479-2 
445-0 
486-8 
793-0 
606-0 
677-5 
585-9 
376-8 
391-3 
468-4 
805-9 
504-7 
481-2 
540-8 


428' 
288' 
526' 
697' 
403 
611 


407-9 
452-1 
404-2 
320-9 
428-9 


408-6 
342-6 
401-6 
428-3 
452-0 
363-0 
343-4 
476-5 
388-6 

426  3 


301-4 
381-8 
338-6 
382-7 
388-5 
460-3 
424-0 
417-1 
406-2 
545-2 
754-7 
771-3 
645-7 
45^-0 
499-7 
577-8 
384-8 
431-8 
407-6 
444-1 
789-6 
542-4 
587-3 
545-9 
356-0 
365-6 
428-7 
607-6 
482-1 
422-7 
450-5 


460-7 
286-7 
470-1 
602-0 
375-4 
607-9 

376-4 
418-2 
378-1 
306-6 
396-5 

426-3 


Average  Weekly 
Wages  and  Salaries 


July  1 
1953 


44-69 
48-03 
48-92 
54-39 
59-83 
55-47 
55-27 
59-21 
64-11 

57-58 


59-38 
45-88 
45-93 
46-60 
44-72 
53-49 
51-18 
55-30 
51-80 
62-28 
67-07 
67-41 
66-94 
60-24 
61-53 
55-39 
74-21 
55-68 
74-14 
55-07 
70-26 
68-25 
67-76 
60-91 
51-90 
50-61 
49-93 
58-84 
55-96 
59-10 
57-95 


58-65 
68-17 
59-20 
63-95 
54-24 
60-04 

61-94 
65-17 
49-01 
51-99 
36-95 

57-58 


June  1 
1953 


45-57 
48-31 
48-55 
54-72 
59-78 
55-37 
54-88 
59-83 
64-55 

57  71 


58-38 
46-44 
45-67 
46-87 
47-52 
52-81 
51-76 
55-82 
51-88 
60-92 
66-68 
68-74 
66-97 
59-97 
61-91 
57-49 
53-85 
55-53 
72-66 
55-13 
69-98 
68-86 
68-34 
62-07 
51-83 
50-23 
49-85 
60-21 
55-89 
59-23 
57-00 


57-29 
68-67 
59-44 
63-99 
54-62 
60-58 

61-99 
65-94 
48-65 
52-06 
37-28 

57-71 


July  1 
1952 


40-81 
45-69 
45-76 
51-41 
56-37 
52-09 
51-29 
54-48 
59-00 

53  96 


59-27 
43-72 
43  -23 
44-41 
44-35 
51  07 
46-42 
52-03 
49-26 
58-00 
66-88 
63-58 
64-71 
56-85 
59-37 
55-71 
51-12 
52-42 
66-97 
53-26 
64-93- 
61-82; 
62-96- 
56-70 
49-40 
48-03 
47-43. 
51-51 
53-41 
55-80 
53-42 


53-47 
65-76 
55-95 
59-95 
51-96 
54-56 

56-49 
61-04 
46-57 
49-57 
33-74 

53-96 


1  Includes  wood  products,  iron  and  steel  products,  transportation  equipment,  non-ferrous  metal  products,  electrical 
apparatus  and  supplies  and  non-metallic  mineral  products.  The  non-durable  group  includes  the  remaining  manufacturing 
industries. 

2  Mainly  hotels,  restaurants,  laundries,  dry  cleaning  plants  and  business  and  recreational  services. 


1551 


79025— 10£ 


Tables  C-4  to  C-6  are  based  on  reports  from  a  somewhat  smaller  number  of  firms  than  Tables  C-l  to  C-3. 

They  relate  only  to  wage-earners  for  whom  statistics  of  hours  of  work  are  also  available,  whereas  Tables 

C-l  to  C-3  relate  to  salaried  employees  as  well  as  to  all  wage-earners  of  the  co-operative  firms. 

TABLE  C-4.— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  IN  MANUFACTURING 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage-Earners)      Source:  Man-hours  and  Hourly  earnings,  D.B.S. 


All  Manufactures 

Durable  Goods 

Non-Durable  Goods 

Year  and  Month 

Average 
Hours 

Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 

Average 
Weekly 
Wages 

Average 
Hours 

Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 

Average 
Weekly 
Wages 

Average 
Hours 

Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 

Average 
Weekly 
Wages 

1945— Average 

1946— Average 

1947 — Average 

1948 — Average 

1949 — Average 

1950— Average 

1951 — Average 

1952— Average 

♦Jan.     1,  1952 

Feb.     1,1952 

Mar.     1,1952 

Apr.      1,1952 

May     1,1952 

June      1,  1952 

July      1,1952 

Aug.      1,  1952 

S.?pt.     1,1952 

(  ct       1.  1952 

Nov.     1,  1952 

Dec.     1,1952 

♦Jan.     1,  1953 

Feb.     1,1953 

Mar.     1,1953 

Apr.      1,1953 

May      1,1953 

June      1,1953 

July      1,1953 

No. 

44-3 
42-7 
42-5 
42-2 
42-3 
42-3 
41-8 
41-5 

38-1 
41-6 
41-7 
42-1 
41-9 
41-3 
41-3 
41-1 
41-6 
42-1 
42-1 
42-5 
• 

38-3 
41-9 
42-1 
42-1 
41-8 
41-7 
41-4 

cts. 

69-4 
70-0 
80-3 
91-3 
98-6 
103-6 
116-8 
129-2 

127-1 
127-1 
127-8 
129-0 
129-4 
129-7 
128-6 
128-9 
129-5 
129-9 
131-0 
132-1 

134-0 
134-2 
134-4 
134-9 
135-5 
135-9 
1361 

30-74 

29-87 
34-13 
38-53 
41-71 
43-82 
48-82 
53-62 

48-43 
52-87 
53-29 
54-31 
54-22 
53-57 
53-11 
52-98 
53-87 
54-69 
55-15 
56-14 

51-32 
56-23 
56-58 
56-79 
56-64 
56-67 
56-35 

No. 

44-7 
42-8 
42-7 
42-3 
42-5 
42-5 
42-0 
41-6 

38-3 
41-9 
41-8 
42-3 
42-1 
41-4 
41-4 
41-1 
41-8 
42-2 
42-1 
42-6 

38-5 
41-9 
42-4 
42-3 
42-2 
42-1 
41-9 

cts. 

76-7 
76-4 
87-2 
98-4 
106-5 
112-0 
125-8 
139-8 

136-4 
137-5 
138-4 
139-6 
139-5 
139-6 
138-3 
139-4 
141-2 
141-8 
142-6 
143-6 

144-5 
145-7 
146-3 
146-7 
146-8 
146-8 
147-1 

$ 

34-28 
32-70 
37-23 
41-62 
45-26 
47-60 
52-84 
58-16 

52-24 
57-61 
57-85 
59-05 
58-73 
57-79 
57-26 
57-29 
59  02 
59-84 
60-03 
61-17 

55-83 
61-05 
62-03 
02-05 
61-95 
61-80 
61-63 

No. 

43-7 
42-6 
42-3 
42-0 
42-0 
42-2 
41-7 
41-3 

37-9 
41-2 
41-5 
41-8 
41-6 
41-3 
41-2 
41-1 
41-4 
42-0 
42-1 
42-2 

38-2 
41-8 
41-7 
41-8 
41-5 
41-3 
40-8 

cts. 

60-7 
63-8 
73-4 
84-0 
90-6 
95-2 
107-2 
117-4 

116-8 
115-7 
116-0 
116-9 
117-8 
118-4 
117-9 
117-5 
116-8 
117-0 
118-4 
119-3 

121-8 
120-8 
120-7 
121-3 
122-4 
123-1 
123-4 

$ 

26-53 

27-18 
31-05 
35-28 
38-05 
40-17 
44-70 
48-49 

44-27 
47-67 
48-14 
48-86 
49-00 
48-90 
48-57 
48-29 
48-36 
49-14 
49-85 
50-34 

46-53 
50-49 
50-33 
50-70 
50-80 
50-84 
50-35 

♦  The  averages  at  these  dates  were  affected  by  loss  of  working  time  at  the  year-end  holidays  in  the  case  of  January  1 , 


TABLE  C-5.— HOURS   AND   EARNINGS  IN  MANUFACTURING   BY   PROVINCES 

AND  CITIES 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage  Earners)        Source:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings,  D.B.S. 


Average  Hours  \A 

orked 

Average  Hourly  Earnings 
(in  cents 

July  1, 

June  1. 

July  1, 

July  1, 

June  1, 

July  1, 

1953 

1953 

1952 

1953 

1953 

1952 

Newfoundland 

42-9 

41-5 

45-1 

132-8 

137-3 

124-5 

Nova  Scotia 

41-4 

41-0 

42-2 

121-2 

120-7 

114-6 

New  Brunswick 

42-4 

42-1 

43-9 

117-5 

118-2 

110-2 

Quebec 

42-2 

43-0 

42-3 

122-3 

121-2 

116-4 

Ontario 

41-3 

41-5 

40-8 

143-8 

143-9 

136-6 

Manitoba 

40-5 

40-4 

41-2 

131-3 

131-2 

122-9 

Saskatchewan 

41-0 

40-9 

42-0 

135-5 

135-3 

128-3 

Alberta 

40-4 

40-5 

40-6 

139-4 

140-7 

130-4 

British  Columbia • 

37-7 

38-5 

38-7 

162-6 

164-7 

153-5 

Montreal 

41 -3 
40-9 

42-0 
410 

41-1 
40-1 

128-5 
144-1 

127-8 

143-7 

121-7 

Toronto 

184-9 

Hamilton 

39-8 

40-2 

39-9 

155-7 

155-9 

150-4 

41-4 
40-2 

42-1 
40-1 

38-3 
40-9 

165-3 
129-8 

164-5 
130-0 

155-7 

Winnipeg 

121-5 

37-7 

38-4 

38-6 

161-4 

162-1 

152-3 

1552 


TABLE  C-6.— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  BY  INDUSTRY 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage-Earners) 

Source:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings,  D.B.S. 

(The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision) 


Industry 


Mining 

Metal  mining 

Gold 

Other  metal 

Fuels 

Coal 

Oil  and  natural  gas 

Non-metal 

Manufacturing 

Food  and  beverages 

Meat  products 

Canned  and  preserved  fruits  and  vegetables 

Grain  mill  products 

Bread  and  other  bakery  products 

Distilled  and  malt  liquors 

Tobacco  and  tobacco  products 

Rubber  products 

Leather  products 

Boots  and  shoes  (except  rubber) 

Textile  products  (except  clothing) 

Cotton  yarn  and  broad  woven  goods 

Woollen  goods 

Synthetic  textiles  and  silk 

Clothing  (textile  and  fur) 

Men's  clothing 

Women's  clothing 

Knit  goods 

*Wood  products 

Saw  and  planing  mills 

Furniture .' 

Other  wood  products 

Paper  products 

Pulp  and  paper  mills 

Other  paper  products 

Printing,  publishing  and  allied  industries 

*Iron  and  steel  products 

Agricultural  implements 

Fabricated  and  structural  steel 

Hardware  and  tools 

Heating  and  cooking  appliances 

Iron  castings ■ 

Machinery  manufacturing 

Primary  iron  and  steel 

Sheet  metal  products 

*Transportation  equipment 

Aircraft  and  parts 

Motor  vehicles 

Motor  vehicle  parts  and  accessories 

Railroad  and  rolling  stock  equipment 

Shipbuilding  and  repairing 

*  Non-ferrous  metal  products 

Aluminum  products 

Brass  and  copper  products 

Smelting  and  refining 

*Electrical  apparatus  and  supplies 

Heavy  electrical  machinery  and  equipment 
*Non-metallic  mineral  products 

Clay  products 

Glass  and  glass  products 

Products  of  petroleum  and  coal 

Chemical  products .' 

Medical  and  pharmaceutical  preparations. . . 

Acids,  alkalis  and  salts 

Miscellaneous  manufacturing  industries 

*Durable  goods 

Non-durable  goods 

Construction 

Buildings  and  structures 

Highways,  bridges  and  streets ' 

Electric  and  motor  transportation 

Service 

Hotels  and  restaurants 

Laundries  and  dry  cleaning  plants 


Average  Hours 


July  1  June  1  Julv  1 
1953      1953      1952 


9   43- 

6   45- 

2   46- 

6   44- 

•1   38- 

7   37- 

5   44- 

•6   43- 

•4   41- 

•5   41- 

•0   40- 

•7   37- 

•5   43- 

•2   44- 

•1   42- 

•8   42- 

•5   41- 

•8   40- 

•0   40- 

•0   41- 

•6   38- 

•2   43- 

•6   44- 

•7   38- 

•8   38- 

•7   35- 

•4   40- 

•2   42- 

•6   42- 

•9   43- 

•6   43- 

•9   43- 

•3   44- 

•9   42- 

•1   40- 

•7   42- 

•9   39- 

•8   41- 

■6   42- 

•3   41- 

•6   42- 

•9   43- 

•8   41- 

•5   41- 

•6   42- 

•9   43- 

•6   42- 

•1   42- 

•1   39- 

•0   43- 

•0   41- 

■7   42- 

•6   41- 

•6   41- 

•6   41- 

•2   41- 

•8   44- 

•2   45- 

•3   44- 

•4   41- 

•8   41- 

•1   41 

•4   41 

•0   41- 

•9   42 

•8   41 

•3   42 

•5   41 

•8   41 

•4   45 

•2   42 

•0   42 

•3   42 

July  1  June  1  July  1 
1953      1953      1952 


Average  Hourly 
Earnings 


cts. 


cts 


Average  Weekly 

Wages 


luh 

1 

June  1 

July  1 

1953 

1953 

1952 

$ 

$ 

$ 

65-59 

65-99 

63-03 

69- 

40 

70 

(12 

65 

49 

61 

51 

62 

IS 

(10 

01 

74 

21 

75 

78 

69 

10 

59 

98 

59 

44 

til 

77 

56 

47 

55 

(19 

59 

94 

71 

17 

73 

04 

68 

67 

til 

115 

01 

03 

56 

42 

56 

35 

5(1 

67 

53 

11 

47 

4N 

48 

38 

46 

78 

56 

72 

57 

5;; 

57 

06 

36 

15 

37 

S!) 

36 

27 

55 

114 

55 

94 

55 

21 

45 

SS 

4(1 

55 

43 

sti 

61 

2<) 

59 

(11 

59 

62 

54 

26 

55 

9(1 

52 

91 

59 

(is 

(10 

13 

53 

93 

37 

5(1 

39 

IS 

3(1 

39 

35 

23 

37 

00 

34 

34 

44 

12 

44 

74 

42 

55 

42 

51 

41 

87 

39 

30 

43 

(i:-; 

44 

;;;; 

42 

05 

46 

73 

49 

71 

•1(1 

20 

34 

94 

36 

12 

33 

47 

34 

is 

36 

24 

33 

12 

33 

43 

35 

17 

32 

10 

36 

71 

3S 

30 

35 

02 

50 

47 

51 

OS 

14 

00 

52 

42 

53 

38 

44 

28 

47 

45 

47 

70 

44 

84 

46 

00 

45 

OS 

42 

10 

66 

(10 

66 

33 

63 

06 

71 

63 

71 

50 

68 

72 

52 

OS 

51 

25 

47 

23 

63 

76 

(14 

52 

59 

24 

63 

03 

64 

34 

59 

99 

62 

63 

64 

14 

61 

73 

67 

2(1 

(17 

97 

64 

19 

58 

53 

59 

03 

55 

32 

55 

SO 

55 

83 

53 

07 

63 

73 

64 

22 

58 

12 

62 

51 

(12 

11 

58 

52 

69 

5(1 

70 

04 

til 

88 

59 

(IS 

58 

20 

55 

92 

65 

10 

(15 

73 

58 

5(1 

67 

27 

(17 

36 

53 

57 

72 

93 

71 

8(1 

63 

(19 

(14 

(11 

(16 

07 

til 

47 

(12 

S4 

(12 

09 

57 

1G 

(10 

94 

(12 

84 

58 

86 

63 

71 

62 

82 

00 

55 

5!) 

38 

59 

(10 

56 

23 

58 

(11 

59 

06 

57 

03 

69 

Sti 

(17 

5(1 

65 

18 

50 

7S 

58 

93 

57 

73 

66 

30 

til 

(IS 

63 

43 

59 

04 

59 

71 

56 

41 

55 

19 

55 

51 

51 

55 

58 

70 

59 

10 

55 

58 

74 

77 

76 

00 

70 

95 

57 

77 

57 

48 

54 

93 

4S 

25 

47 

42 

11 

28 

(15 

(12 

65 

0(1 

62 

17 

46 

87 

46 

40 

42 

48 

61 

(13 

61 

80 

57 

26 

50 

35 

50 

84 

48 

57 

59 

90 

60 

45 

53 

46 

(11 

49 

65 

09 

57 

85 

4(1 

44 

45 

99 

43 

08 

61 

65 

(11 

25 

59 

85 

32 

79 

33 

25 

31 

31 

33 

15 

33 

•40 

31 

55 

31 

14 

31 

•96 

29 

60 

Durable  manufactured  goods  industries. 


1553 


TABLE  C-7. 


EARNINGS,  HOURS  AND  REAL  EARNINGS  FOR  WAGE  EARNERS  IN 
MANUFACTURING  INDUSTRIES  IN  CANADA 


Source:  Hours  Worked  and  Hourly  and  Weekly  Wages,  D.B.S.  Real  Wages  computed  by  the  Economics  and 
Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 


Date 


Average 

Hours 

Worked 

Per  Week 


Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 


Average 
Weekly 

Earnings 
(W.E.) 


Index  Numbers  (Av.  1949  =  1001 


Average 
Weekly 
Earnings 


Consumer 
Price 
Index 


Average 
RealWeekly 

Earnings 


Monthly  Average  1945.  .. , 
Monthly  Average  1946.  . . 
Monthly  Average  1947.  . . 
Monthly  Average  1948.  .  . 
Monthly  Average  1949.  . . 
Monthly  Average  1950.  . . 
Monthly  Average  1951 
Monthly  Average  1952.  . . 

Week  Preceding: 

July  1,  1952... 

August         1,  1952... 

September  1,  1952... 

October       1,  1952... 

November  1,  1952... 

December  1,  1952... 

January  1,  1953... 

February  1,  1953... 

March  1,  1953... 

April  1,  1953... 

Mav  1,  1953... 

June  1,  1953... 

July  1,  1953  (i) 


44-3 
42-7 
42-5 
42-2 
42-3 
42-5 
42-1 
41-7 


41-3 
41-1 
41-6 
42-1 
42-1 
42-5 

42-2* 

41-9 

42-1 

42-1 

41-8 

41-7 

41-4 


cts. 

69-4 
70-0 
80-3 
91-3 

98-6 
103-6 
116-8 
129-2 


128-6 
128-9 
129-5 
129-9 
131-0 
132-1 

134-0 
134-2 
134-4 
134-9 
135-5 
135-9 
136-1 


30-71 

29-87 
34-13 
38-53 
41-71 
44-03 
49  15 
53-88 


53-11 
52-98 
53-87 
54-69 
55-15 
56-14 

56-55 
56-23 
56-58 
56-79 
56-64 
56-67 
56-35 


73-6 
71-6 
81-8 
92-4 
100-0 
105-6 
117-8 
129-2 


127-3 
127-0 
129-2 
131-1 
132-2 
134-5 

135-6 
134-8 
135-7 
136-2 
135-8 
135-9 
135-1 


75-0 
77-5 
84-8 
970 
100-0 
102-9 
113-7 
116-5 


116-1 
116-0 
116-1 
116-0 
116-1 
115-8 

115-7 
115-5 
114-8 
114-6 
114-4 
114-9 
115-4 


98-1 
92-4 
96-5 
95-3 
100-0 
102-6 
103-6 
110-9 


109-6 
109-5 
111-3 
113-0 
113-9 
116-1 

117-2 

116-7 
118-2 
118-8 
118-7 
118-3 
117-1 


Note: — Average  Real  Weekly  Earnings  were  computed  by  dividing  the  Consumer  Price  Index  into  the  average 
weekly  earnings  index.     (Average  1949  =  100). 

*  Figures  adjusted  for  holidays.     The  actual  figures  are:  January  1,  1953,  38-3  hours,  $51.32. 
0)  Latest  figures  subject  to  revision. 


1554 


D — National  Employment  Service  Statistics 


Tables  D-l  to  D-5  are  based  on  regular 
statistical  reports  from  local  offices  of  the 
National  Employment  Service.  These 
statistics  are  compiled  from  two  different 
reporting  forms,  UIC  751:  statistical  report 
on  employment  operations  by  industry,  and 
UIC  757:  inventory  of  registrations  and 
vacancies  by  occupation.  The  data  on 
applicants  and  vacancies  in  these  two 
reporting  forms  are  not  identical. 

Form  UIC  751:  This  form  provides  a 
cumulative  total  for  each  month  of  all 
vacancies  notified  by  employers,  applications 
made  by  workers,  and  referrals  and  place- 
ments made  by  the  National  Employment 
Service.  Also  reported  are  the  number  of 
vacancies  unfilled  and  applications  on  file 
at  the  beginning  and  end  of  each  reporting 
period.  Because  the  purpose  of  these  data 
is  to  give  an  indication  of  the  volume  of 
work  performed  in  various  local  National 
Employment  Service  offices,  all  vacancies 
and  applications  are  counted,  even  if  the 
vacancy  is  not  to  be  filled  until  some  future 
date  (deferred  vacancy)  or  the  application 
is  from  a  person  who  already  has  a  job 
and  wants  to  find  a  more,  suitable  one. 

Form  UIC  757:  This  form  provides  a 
count  of  the  number  of  jobs  available  and 
applications  on  file  at  the  end  of  business 
on  a  specified  day.  Excluded  from  the  data 
on  unfilled  vacancies  are  orders  from 
employers  not  to  be  filled  until  some  future 
date.  The  data  on  job  applications  from 
workers  exclude  those  people  known  to  be 
already  employed,  those  known  to  be  regis- 


tered at  more  than  one  local  office  (the 
registration  is  counted  by  the  "home"  office), 
and  registrations  from  workers  who  will  not 
be  available  until  some  specified  future  date. 

From  January  24,  1952,  to  December  24, 
1952,  inclusive,  unemployment  insurance 
claimants  on  temporary  mass  lay-offs  were 
not  registered  for  employment  and  thus  were 
not  included  in  the  statistics  reported  on 
form  UIC  751  and  form  UIC  757.  A 
temporary  mass  lay-off  was  defined  as  a 
lay-off  either  for  a  determinate  or  indeter- 
minate period  which  affected  50  or  more 
workers  and  where  the  workers  affected,  so 
far  as  was  known,  were  returning  to  work 
with  the  same  employer.  Commencing  15 
days  after  the  date  of  such  a  lay-off, 
claimants  still  on  the  live  insurance  register 
were  registered  for  employment  on  their  next 
visit  to  the  office  and  henceforth  were 
counted  in  both  statistical  reporting  forms. 
This  procedure  is  no  longer  in  effect,  as  all 
workers  on  temporary  mass  lay-offs  now  are 
registered  for  employment  and  so  counted  in 
the  statistical  reporting  forms.  This  change 
in  procedure  should  be  kept  in  mind  when 
comparing  the  figures  on  applications  for 
employment  during  1952  _  with  data  for 
earlier  and  subsequent  periods. 

Persons  losing  several  days'  work  each 
week  and  consequently  claiming  short-time 
unemployment  insurance  benefits  are  not 
included  in  either  statistical  reporting  form 
unless  they  specifically  ask  to  be  registered 
for  employment. 


TABLE  D-l.— UNFILLED  VACANCIES  AND  LIVE  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EMPLOYMENT 

(Source:  Form  U.I.C.  757) 


Month 


Date  Nearest: 

Sept.  1,  1947... 

Sept.  1,  1948... 

Sept.  1,  1949... 

Sept.  1,  1950... 

Sept.  1,  1951... 

Sept.  1,   1952... 

Oct.  1,   1952... 

Nov.  1,  1952... 

Dec.  1,   1952... 

Jan.  1,   1953.. 

Feb.  1,   1953.. 
March  1,   1953... 

April  1,   1953.. 

May  1,   1953.. 

June  1,   1953.. 

July  1,   1953.. 

Aug.  1,  19530) 

Sept.  1,   19530) 


Unfilled  Vacancies'1 


Male 


70,356 
42,785 
19,940 
29,631 
43,331 

26,178 
29,058 
23,846 
19,544 
12,051 
12,235 
13,604 
18,545 
24,982 
24,564 
21,229 

19,382 

24,203 


Female 


40,212 
25,876 
22,620 
16,558 
15,966 

20,870 
20,685 
18,092 
15,738 
12,143 
13,264 
13,799 
16,368 
19,142 
21,143 
20,088 

17,772 

20,321 


Total 


110,568 
58,661 
42,560 
46,189 
59,297 

47,048 
49,743 
41,938 
35,282 
24,194 
25,499 
27,403 
34,913 
44,124 
45,707 
41,317 

37,154 

44,524 


Live  Applications  for  Employment 


Male 


57,497 
97,684 
97,634 
79,627 

105,169 
93,699 
99,383 
142,788 
254,660 
317,723 
331,618 
338,500 
241,990 
152,488 
124,396 

111,524 

113,191 


Female 


25,862 
29,269 
39,667 
53,969 
47,509 

51,121 
49,140 
49,258 
51,725 
60,901 
73,213 
72,065 
66,702 
57,397 
49,614 
55,918 

52,357 

48, 634 


Total 


85,931 
86,766 
137,351 
151,603 
127,136 

156,290 
142,839 
148,641 
194,513 
315,561 
390,936 
403,683 
405,202 
299,387 
202,102 
180,314 

163,881 

161,825 


*Current  vacancies  only.     Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 
0)  Latest  figures  subject  to  revision. 


1555 


TABLE  D-2.— UNFILLED  VACANCIES  BY  INDUSTRY  AND  BY  SEX  AS  AT 

JULY  31, 1953(0 

(Source:  Form  U.I.C.  751) 


Industry 


Male 


Female 


Total 


Change'from 


June  30, 
1953 


July  31, 
1952 


Agriculture,  Fishing,  Trapping 

Forestry 


Mining,  Quarrying  and  Oil  Wells 

Metal  Mining 

Fuels 

Non-Metal  Mining 

Quarrying,  Clay  and  Sand  Pits. 
Prospecting 


Manufacturing 

Foods  and  Beverages 

Tobacco  and  Tobacco  Products 

Rubber  Products 

Leather  Products 

Textile  Products  (except  clothing) 

Clothing  (textile  and  fur) 

Wood  Products 

Paper  Products 

Printing,  Publishing  and  Allied  Industries. 

Iron  and  Steel  Products 

Transportation  Equipment 

Non-Ferrous  Metal  Products 

Electrical  Apparatus  and  Supplies 

Non-Metallic  Mineral  Products 

Products  of  Petroleum  and  Coal 

Chemical  Products 

Miscellaneous  Manufacturing  Industries .  .  . 


Construction 

General  Contractors 

Special  Trade  Contractors . 


Transportation,  Storage  and  Communication 

Transportation 

Storage 

Communication 


Public  Utility  Operation 


Trade 

Wholesale . 
Retail 


Finance,  Insurance  and  Eeal  Estate 


Service 

Community  or  Public  Service . 

Government  Service 

Recreation  Service 

Business  Service 

Personal  Service 


1,307 
926 

630 

341 

109 

140 

16 

24 

5,231 

747 


105 
128 
110 
286 
643 

93 
187 
728 
1,253 
128 
312 
149 

26 
209 
127 

3,661 

2,796 
865 

1,159 

1,027 
49 
83 

131 

2,675 

778 
1,897 

1,173 

3,133 

618 

1,113 

160 

363 


392 


31 

11 

10 

3 

1 

6 

4,812 

885 

5 

34 

248 

284 

2,104 

106 

79 

144 

199 

89 

86 

198 

29 

17 

159 

176 

112 

71 
41 

294 

109 
16 


2,540 

635 
1,905 

872 

8,834 

1,478 

573 

151 

543 

6,089 


1,699 
933 

661 

352 
119 
143 

17 
30 

10,073 

1,632 

5 

139 

376 

394 

2,390 
749 
172 
331 
927 

1,342 
214 
510 
178 
43 
368 


3,773 

2,867 


1,453 

1,136 

65 

252 

175 

5,215 

1,413 
3,802 

2,045 

11,967 

2,096 

1,686 

311 

906 

6,968 


158 

133 

70 

81 

3 

39 

725 

522 

3 

61 

10 

21 

416 

106 

30 

143 

5 

301 

109 

116 

31 

10 

150 

35 

345 

318 
27 

182 

203 
32 
53 

20 

1,197 

366 
831 

312 


-  2,329 

183 

+  11 

53 

+        120 

-  2,224 


+         120 
-      2,022 


115 


L,726 


See  Foot- 
note (2) 


+  773 


+  750 

404 


Grand  Total. 


20,029 


17,965 


37,994 


4,823 


-      2,631 


(1)  Preliminary — subject  to  revision. 

Current  vacancies  only.     Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 

(2)  Commencing  January  2,  1953,  the  Standard  Industrial  Classification  Manual  of  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statis- 
tics replaced  the  Industrial  Classification  Manual  of  the  Department  of  Labour.  Since  there  is  a  difference  in  the 
grouping  of  the  two  industry  divisions — Transportation,  Storage  and  Communication,  and  Public  Utility  Operation, 
the  change  in  these  divisions  can  only  be  recorded  in  the  Grand  Total. 


1556 


TABLE  D-3.— UNFILLED  VACANCIES  AND  LIVE  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EMPLOYMENT, 
BY  OCCUPATION  AND  BY  SEX  AS  AT  JULY  30, 1953 0) 

(Source:  Form  U.I.C.  757) 


Occupational  Group 


Unfilled  Vacancies 


Male 


Female 


Total 


Live  Applications  for  Employment 


Male 


Female 


Total 


Professional  and  managerial  workers.  . 

Clerical  workers 

Sales  workers 

Personal  and  domestic  service  workers 

Seamen 

Agriculture  and  fishing 

Skilled  and  semiskilled  workers 

Food   and   kindred   products    (inc 

tobacco) 

Textiles,  clothing,  etc 

Lumber  and  wood  products 

Pulp,  paper  (inc.  printing) 

Leather  and  leather  products 

Stone,  clay  and  glass  products 

Metalworking 

Electrical 

Transportation  equipment 

Mining 

Construction 

Transportation  (except  seamen) 
Communications  and  public  utility 

Trade  and  service 

Other  skilled  and  semiskilled 

Foremen 

Apprentices 

Unskilled  workers 

Food  and  tobacco 

Lumber  and  lumber  products 

Metalworking 

Construction 

Other  unskilled  workers 

Grand  Total 


1,756 

1,760 

1,578 

1,113 

30 

1,444 

7,826 

103 

203 

1,078 

68 

105 

25 

1,202 

307 

5 

122 

1,702 

799 

67 

287 

1,564 

67 

122 

3,875 

451 

395 

103 

1,541 

1,385 

19,382 


984 

3,909 

1,278 

6,791 

1 

222 

3,020 

25 

2,233 

2 

15 

162 

6 

22 

116 


297 
96 
12 
19 

1,567 

602 

10 

25 

5 

925 

17,772 


2,740 
5,669 
2,856 
7,904 
31 
1,666 
10,846 


128 
436 


83 

267 

31 

1,224 

423 

5 

122 

1,702 

814 

67 

584 

1,660 

79 

141 

5,442 
1,053 
405 
128 
1,546 
2,310 

37,154 


3,486 

6,596 

2,677 

13,183 

653 

999 

45,134 

597 

2,487 

6,024 

533 

744 

121 

6,543 

665 

364 

1,294 

7,638 

6,650 

277 

1,259 

6,923 

1,424 

1,591 

38,796 

835 

3,025 

3,329 

9,308 

22,299 

111,524 


948 

13,880 

6,986 

8,748 

3 

183 

12,825 

435 
8,557 

95 
254 
667 

33 
418 
376 

37 


53 

9 

824 

809 

184 

74 

8,784 

1,798 

171 

383 

10 

6,422 

52,357 


4,434 
20,476 

9,663 

21,931 

656 

1,182 

57,959 

1,032 
11,044 
6,119 

787 
1,411 

154 
6,961 
1,041 

401 
1,294 
7,638 
6,703 

286 
2,083 
7,732 
1,608 
1,665 

47,580 
2,633 
3,196 
3,712 
9,318 

28,721 

163,881 


(0  Preliminary — subject  to  revision. 


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TABLE  D-5. 


APPLICATIONS  RECEIVED  AND  PLACEMENTS  EFFECTED  BY 
EMPLOYMENT  OFFICES 


(Source:  Form  U.I.C.  751) 
1943-1953 


Year 

Applications 

Placements 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Male 

Female 

Total 

1943 

1,681,411 
1,583,010 
1,855,036 
1,464,533 
1,189,646 
1,197,295 
1,295,690 
1,500,763 
1,541,208 
1,781,689 
1,057,647 

1,008,211 
902,273 
661,948 
494,164 
439,577 
459,332 
494,956 
575,813 
623,467 
664,485 
415,321 

2,689,622 
2,485,283 
2,516,984 
1,958,697 
1,629,223 
1,656,627 
1,790,646 
2,076,576 
2,164,675 
2,446,174 
1,472,968 

1,239,900 

1,101,854 

1,095,641 

624,052 

549,376 

497,916 

464,363 

559,882 

655,933 

-     677,777 

388,605 

704,126 
638,063 
397,940 
235,360 
220,473 
214,424 
219,816 
230,920 
262,305 
302,730 
194,420 

1,944,026 

1944 

1,739,917 

1945 

1,493,581 

1946 

859,412 

1947 

769,849 

1948 

712,340 

1949 

684,179 

1950 

790,802 

1951 

918,238 

1952 

980,507 

1953  (7  months) 

583,025 

1563 


E — Unemployment  Insurance 


TABLE  E-l.— PERSONS  RECEIVING  BENEFIT,  NUMBER  OF  DAYS  BENEFIT  PAID, 

AND  AMOUNT  PAID 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Number 

Receiving 

Benefit  in 

Last  Week 

of  the 

Month* 

Month  of  July,  1953 

Province 

Number 

Com- 
mencing 
Benefit 

Number 

of  Davs 

Benefit 

Paid 

Amount 

of 

Benefit 

Paid 

1,550 
412 

6,257 

4,554 
33,829 
25,162 

3,551 
934 

3,100 
10,398 

671 

163 

3,258 

1,850 

20, 670 

13,442 

1,317 

385 

1,212 

6,196 

45,753 

11,191 

142,211 

119,608 

924,922 

656,965 

98,561 

24,477 

78,634 

281,094 

149,153 

31  906 

450,359 

370,541 

2,694,329 

1,960,895 

280,359 

72,035 

Alberta 

247,781 

890,666 

Total,  Canada,  July,  1953 

89,747 

49,164 

2,383,416 

7,148,024 

Total,  Canada,  June,  1953 ...            

90,859 

49,161 

2,731,888 

8,408  071 

Total,  Canada,  July,  1952 

85,682 

40,271 

2,311,062 

6,294,669 

Week  containing  last  day  of  the  month. 


TABLE  E-2.— PERSONS  ON  THE  LIVE  UNEMPLOYMENT  REGISTER  BY  NUMBER  OF 
DAYS  CONTINUOUSLY  ON  THE  REGISTER,  AS  OF  JULY  31, 1953 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Province  and  Sex 


Total 


6  days 
and 
under 


7-12 
days 


13-24 
days 


25-48 
days 


49-72 
days 


73  days 
and 

over 


Newfoundland 

Male 

Female 

Prince  Edward  Island 

Male 

Female 

Nova  Scotia 

Male 

Female 

New  Brunswick 

Male 

Female 

Quebec 

Male 

Female 

Ontario 

Male 

Female 

Manitoba 

Male 

Female 

Saskatchewan 

Male 

Female 

Alberta 

Male 

Female 

British  Columbia.  .  .  . 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Male 

Female 


3,059 

2,857 

202 

539 
371 
168 


7,802 
1,181 

7,244 
5,762 
],482 

51,386 
34,010 
17,376 

37,935 
25,196 
12,739 

4,598 
2,420 
2,178 

1,145 
654 
491 

5,188 
4,050 
1,138 

14,026 
10,364 
3,662 

134,103 
93,4«6 
40,617 


849 

819 

30 

96 
69 
27 

2,105 

1,838 

267 


1,668 

1,355 

313 

13,255 
9,102 
4,153 

11,633 
8,243 
3,390 

882 
429 
453 

173 
87 
86 

843 
543 
300 

3,703 
3,143 


35,207 

25,628 

9,579 


303 

288 

15 

53 
34 


772 

687 

85 

715 
577 
138 

,577 
,558 
,019 


4,492 
3,314 
1,178 

316 
146 
170 

92 
40 
52 

324 
215 
109 

1,567 

1,278 

289 

14,211 
10,137 
4,074 


362 

342 

20 

100 
61 
39 

1,055 
912 
143 

1,124 
912 
212 

7,880 
5,168 
2,712 

4,899 
3,070 
1,829 

512 
270 
242 


85 
84 

515 
376 
139 

1,872 

1,253 
619 

18,488 
12,449 
6,039 


532 

499 

33 

106 
85 
21 

2,294 
2,108 


1,521 

1,181 

340 

8,817 
5,718 
3,099 

5,104 
2,962 
2,142 

662 
340 
322 


99 
81 

942 
757 
185 

2,003 

1,364 

639 


342 

306 

36 

71 
43 

28 

923 

787 
136 

826 
678 
148 

,529 
,518 
,011 


2,992 
1,767 
1,225 

501 
234 
267 

100 
58 
42 

1,035 
922 
113 

1,306 
B68 
438 


671 
603 

68 

113 
79 
34 

1,834 

1,470 

364 

1,390 

1,059 

331 

10,328 
6,946 
3,382 

8,815 
5,840 
2,975 

1,725 
1,001 

724 

431 
285 
146 

1,529 

1,237 

292 

3,575 
2,458 

1,117 


22,161 
15,113 
7,048 


13,625 
9,181 

4.444 


30,411 

20.97* 
9,433 


1564 


TABLE  E-3.— INITIAL  AND  RENEWAL  CLAIMS  FOR  BENEFIT  BY  PROVINCES, 

JULY,  1953 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Province 

Claims  filed  at 
Local  Offices 

Disposal  of  Claims  (including  claims 
pending  from  previous  months) 

Total 

Initial 

Renewal 

Total 

Disposal 

of 

Entitled 

to 
Benefit 

Not  En- 
titled to 
Benefit 

Pending 

1,764 

275 

4,208 

3,093 

28,832 

23,626 

1,975 

564 

1,811 

9,721 

1,458 

184 

2,423 

1,699 

17,396 

14,651 

1,228 

389 

1,087 

4,998 

306 
91 

1,785 

1,394 
11,436 

8,975 
747 
175 
724 

4,723 

1,673 
284 

4,273 

3,248 
31,133 
22,930 

2,174 
585 

1,939 
10,132 

1,194 

211 

2,976 

2,617 

22,144 

16,226 

1,461 

371 

1,295 

7,281 

479 
73 

1,297 
631 

8,989 

6,704 
713 
214 
644 

2,851 

532 

51 

1,115 

New  Brunswick 

Quebec 

Ontario 

740 

8,835 

5,614 

214 

87 

358 

British  Columbia 

1,670 

Total,  Canada,  July,  1953 

75,869* 

45,513 

30,356 

78, 371 t 

55,776 

22,595 

19,216 

Total,  Canada,  June,  1953 

72,752 

44,853 

27,899 

68,372 

50,123 

18,249 

21,718 

Total,  Canada,  July,  1952 

75,340 

43,266 

32,074 

74,432 

52,623 

22,209 

20, 722 

*  In  addition,  revised  claims  received  numbered  13,421.  t  In  addition,  13,720  revised  claims  were  disposed  of. 

Of  these,  743  were  special  requests  not  granted,  and  741  were  appeals  by  claimants.    There  were  1,441  revised  claims 
pending  at  the  end  of  the  month. 

TABLE  E-4.— CLAIMS  DISALLOWED  AND  CLAIMANTS  DISQUALIFIED 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Chief  Reasons  for  Non-Entitlement 


Month  of 
July, 
1953 


Month  of 
June, 
1953 


Month  of 
July, 
1952 


Claims  Disallowed . 


7,344 


6,858 


Claimants  Disqualified* — 

Not  unemployed 

Disqualification— total 

6  days  or  less 

7  days  or  more 

Not  capable  of  and  not  available  for  work 

Loss  of  work  due  to  a  labour  dispute 

Refused  offer  of  work  and  neglected  opportunity  to  work 

Discharged  for  misconduct 

Voluntarily  left  employment  without  just  cause 

Failure  to  fulfill  additional  conditions  imposed  upon  certain  married  women 
Other  reasonst 


11,276 
7,692 
3,584 
1,807 

152 
1,005 

638 
4,623 

911 
1,213 


6,018 
3,223 
2,795 
1,504 

345 
1,274 

593 
4,419 

826 
1,406 


6,032 
7,734 


1,466 
3,304 
1,124 

583 
4,322 

867 
1,266 


Total. 


28,! 


23,243 


20.1 


*  Includes  6,374  revised  claims,  disqualified. 

t  These  include:  Claims  not  made  in  prescribed  manner;  failure  to  carry  out  written  directions;  claimants  being 
inmates  of  prisons,  etc. 

TABLE  E-5.— ESTIMATES  OF  THE  INSURED  POPULATION  UNDER  THE 
UNEMPLOYMENT  INSURANCE  ACT 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


At  the  Beginning  of  Month: 

Total 

Employed 

Claimants* 

1952— June... 

3,068,000 
3,097,000 
3,132,000 
3,151,000 
3,171,000 
3,186,000 
3,241,000 
3,286,000 
3,283,000 
3,280,000 
3,278,000 
3,166,000 
3,153,000 

2,924,500 
2,974,300 
3.019,400 
3,049,000 
3,078,400 
3,074,500 
3,079,100 
3,007,400 
2,928,300 
2,916,800 
2,917,900 
2,950,800 
3,009,900 

143,500 

July 

122,700 

112,600 

102,000 

92,600 

111,500 

161,900 

278,6001 

Februarv 

354,700t 

363,200t 

360, 100t 

May 

215,200 

June 

143,100 

*Ordinary  claimants  on  the  live  unemployment  register  on  the  last  working  day  of  the  preceding  month, 
t Includes  supplementary  benefit  claimants. 


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1566 


F — Prices 

TABLE  F-l.— INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  THE  COST  OF  LIVING  IN  CANADA 

Prices  at  the  beginning  of  each  Month 
Calculated  by  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


1914. 
1929. 
1933. 
1939. 
1945. 
1946. 
1947. 
1948. 
1949. 


1950 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . . 

October 

November .  . 
December.. . 

1951 

January 

February. . . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September.  . 

October 

November.  . 
December... 

1952 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September . . . 

October 

November.  . 
December.. . 

1953 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September .  .  . 


Percent- 
age 

Increase 
since 

August  1, 
1939 


18 -G 
22-8 
34-4 

53-8 
59-8 


59-7 
60  3 
62  4 
62  7 
62  7 
64  1 
66  2 
67-2 
68-5 
69-3 
69  3 
69  7 


711 

73-8 
78-3 


s<» 


90  0 
89-3 

87-6 
87-2 
85-2 
85-8 
86-5 
861 
85  0 
83-5 
83-3 
82-7 


82  9 
83-4 

82-7 
82-4 
82-1 
83-3 
84-5 
84-9 
84-8 


On 


of  average  prices  in  1935-39  at  100" 


Total 


121 


7 
•7 
94-4 
101-5 
119-5 
123-6 
135-5 
155-0 
160-8 


161-0 
161-6 
163-7 
164-0 
164-0 
165-4 
167-5 
168-5 
169-8 
170-7 
170-7 
171-1 


Food 


92-2 
134-7 

84-9 
100-6 
133-0 
140-4 
159-5 
195-5 
203-0 


199-4 
201-3 
204-0 
204-5 
204-6 
209-0 
214-3 
216-7 
218-8 
220-1 
218-6 
218-8 


172-5 

220-2 

175-2 

224-4 

179-7 

233-9 

181-8 

238-4 

182-0 

235-4 

184-1 

239-8 

187-6 

249-7 

188-9 

251-4 

189-8 

251-1 

190-4 

249-7 

191-2 

250-2 

191-1 

249-3 

191-5 

250-0 

190-8 

248-1 

189-1 

241-7 

188-7 

240-2 

186-7 

235-3 

187-3 

237-0 

188-0 

239-5 

187-6 

238-0 

186-5 

234-2 

185-0 

229-3 

184-8 

229-0 

184-2 

226-1 

184-4 

226-2 

184-9 

227-4 

184-2 

225-7 

183-9 

223-5 

183-6 

222-8 

184-8 

225-7 

186-0 

229-2 

186-4 

229-5 

186-3 

228-6 

Rent 


72-1 
119-7 

98-6 
103-8 
112-1 
112-7 
116-7 
120-7 
123-0 


125-0 
125-0 
132-7 
132-7 
132-7 
132-7 
134-9 
134-9 
135-5 
135-5 
136-4 
136-4 


136-4 
136-4 
137-6 
137-6 
137-6 
139-8 
139-8 
139-8 
142-7 
142-7 
144-8 
144-8 


144-8 
144-8 
146-3 
146-3 
146-3 
147-9 
147-9 
147-9 
148-9 
148-9 
148-9 
149-9 


150-2 
150-5 
150-7 
150-9 
151-0 
152-5 
152-9 
153-3 
153-4 


Fuel 
and 
Light 


75-1 
112-6 
102-5 
101-2 
107-0 
107-4 
115-9 
124-8 
131-1 


135-6 
135-9 
136-3 
138-0 
137-5 
137-1 
137-7 
138-4 
140-8 
141-0 
140-6 
140-7 


141-5 
141-7 
146-5 
146-7 
146-2 
146-2 
147-2 
148-2 
149-5 
150-2 
150-8 
150-8 


151-2 
151-3 
152-5 
152-5 
150-6 
149-8 
149-8 
150-1 
150-3 
150-9 
151-1 
152-7 


153-9 
154-3 
154-4 
155-5 
153-2 
152-6 
153-5 
153-6 
153-9 


Clothing 


88-3 
134-8 

93-3 
100-7 
122-1 
126-3 
143-9 
174-4 
183-1 


183-3 
183-0 
181-4 
181-2 
180-8 
180-7 
180-7 
180-9 
182-3 
183-5 
184-5 
184-9 


187-1 
192-4 
196-3 
198-8 
201-5 
202-5 
202-9 
204-6 
206-9 
213-8 
214-6 
215-5 


215-3 
213-0 
211-2 
210-4 
210-1 
209-3 
209-1 
208-6 
207-7 
206-7 
205-5 
205-4 


205-3 
205-2 
205-5 
205-5 
206-3 
206-4 
206-5 
206-7 
207-0 


Home 
Furnish- 
ings and 
Services 


Miscel- 
laneous 


105-0 
98-2 


101-4 
119-0 
124-5 
141-6 
162-6 
167-6 


167-0 
166-4 
166-3 
166-4 
166-4 
166-9 
166-9 
168-9 
171-1 
172-7 
174-8 
176-4 


179-8 
185-1 
188-6 
190-7 
194-9 
197-1 
196-4 
199-0 
199-1 
200-1 
199-9 
200-6 


201-1 
200-1 
200-8 
200-5 
198-2 
197-2 
196-7 
196-0 
195-8 
195-9 
195-5 
195-3 


196-0 
191-1 
196-3 
196-8 
196-2 
196-2 
196-0 
195-9 
196-0 


101-4 
109-4 
112-6 
117-0 
123-4 
128-8 


131-6 
132-1 
132-1 
132-3 
132-3 
132-4 
132-5 
132-5 
132-8 
133-3 
133-4 
134-1 


135-8 
137-0 
137 

138 
140 
144 
142 
143 
144 
144 
144 
144 


Retail 
Prices 
Index 
(Com- 
modities 
only)f 


145-7 
146-5 
146-9 
147-9 
147-4 
147-4 
147-4 
147-8 
147-8 
148-5 
148-8 
148-8 


148-9 
149-0 
147-9 
148-7 
149-0 
149-0 
149-2 
150-0 
150-2 


101-0 
126-2 
132-1 
148-8 
177-4 
184-8 


183-8 
184-7 
185-8 
186-2 
186-1 
188-3 
191-0 
192-4 
194-3 
195-5 
195-1 
195-6 


197-3 
201-4 
207-9 
211-2 
211-3 
214-0 
219-6 
221-1 
221-6 
222-4 
233-0 
222-7 


223-1 
221-6 
218-3 
217-5 
214-0 
214-5 
215-7 
214-8 
212-7 
210-1 
209-7 
208-4 


208-6 
209-2 
208-0 
207-0 
206-5 
207-9 
209-7 
210-1 
209-8 


*For  the  period  1914  to  1934  the  former  series  on  the  bases  1926  =  100  was  converted  to  the  bases  1935-39=100. 
■(•Commodities  in  the  cost-of-living  index  excluding  rents  and  services. 


1567 


TABLE  F-la.— TOTAL  AND  MAIN  COMPONENTS  OF  THE  CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX 
FROM  JANUARY  1949  TO  SEPTEMBER  1953 

(1949  =  100-0) 

Calculated  by  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


Total 


Food 


Shelter 


Clothing 


Household 
Operation 


1949— January .  . 
February  . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 
October .  . . 
November . 
December. 


Year . 


1950— January.  .  . 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August.  . .. 
September . 
October . . . 
November . 
December 

Year 


1951— January.  .  . 
February . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August .... 
September . 
October.  .  . 
November . 
December 

Year 


1952— January.  .  . 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August .... 
September . 
October . . . 
November 
December 

1953— January.  . 
February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September  . 


99-7 

99-4 

99-3 

99-2 

99-6 

100-0 

100-4 

100-4 

100-6 

101-0 

100-5 

100-0 

100-1 

100-2 
100-9 
101-2 
101-2 
101-9 
102-7 
103-3 
104-3 
105-9 
106-4 
106-6 

102-9 

107-7 
109-1 
110-8 
111-7 
112-2 
113-7 
114-6 
115-5 
116-5 
1171 
117-9 
118-1 

113-7 

118-2 
117-6 
116-9 
116-8 
115-9 
1160 
116-1 
1160 
1161 
116-0 
1161 
115-8 

115-7 
115-5 
114-8 
114-6 
114-4 
114-9 
115-4 
115-7 
116-2 


100-8 

99-7 

98-7 

98-1 

97-9 

99-2 

100-2 

101-3 

101-2 

100-8 

101-9 

100-3 

100-0 

98-1 

98-4 

98-8 

99-3 

99-3 

100-9 

102-6 

103-8 

105-4 

107-6 

108-4 


108-4 
102-6 

109-0 

1110 

114-1 

115-5 

114-3 

115-8 

117-9 

119-0 

120-5 

121-3 

122-5 

122-5 

117-0 

122-4 

120-8 

117-6 

117-2 

115-5 

115-7 

1160 

115-7 

115-8 

1151 

115-7 

1141 

113-5 

112-7 

111-6 

110-9 

110-1 

111-4 

112-7 

112-8 

1140 

99-2 

99-3 

99-2 

99-6 

99-7 

99-7 

100-3 

100-2 

100-5 

100-5 

100-5 

101-0 

100-0 

101  1 
101-1 

104-7 
104-9 
105-1 
105-9 
107-4 
107-8 
108-7 
109-0 
109-5 
109-6 

106-2 

110-0 
110-4 

111-5 
111-8 
112-4 
115-2 
115-5 
115-8 
117-2 
117-2 
118-2 
118-2 

114-4 

118-3 
118 
119 
119 

11!) 

120 

120 

120 

121-2 

121-5 

121-4 

122-2 

122-3 
122-5 
122-5 
122-7 
122-9 
123-6 
123-9 
124-1 
124-2 


99-7 
99-7 
100-0 
100-2 
100-3 
100-3 
100-3 
100-1 
100-2 
99-8 
99-7 
99-7 

100-0 

99-6 
99-5 
98-9 
99-2 
99-1 
991 
99-1 
99-3 
99-9 
100-6 
101-0 
101-3 

99-7 

102-6 
105-1 
106-7 
108-5 
109-0 
109-5 
109-7 
110-7 
111-9 
1141 
114-5 
115-2 


109-8 

114-9 
113-5 
112-9 
112-5 
112-3 
111-8 
111-7 
111-6 
110-9 
109-9 
109-8 
109-7 


99-9 
100-2 
100-1 
100-1 
99-8 
99-7 
99-7 
99-6 
99-6 
100-6 
100-5 
100-4 

100-0 


100-6 
100-6 
100-8 
101-2 
101-1 
101-5 
101-6 
102-6 
103-4 
104-6 
105-1 
105-5 


102-4 

107-1 
108-6 
110-5 
111-4 
112-7 
113-8 
114-3 
115-1 
115-5 
115-8 
115-9 
116-4 

113-1 

116-4 
116-3 
116-9 
116-8 
116-2 
115-9 
115-9 
115-8 
1160 
116-2 
115-9 
1161 

116-5 
116-6 

116-7 
116-9 
116-6 
116-6 
117-0 
117-2 
117-4 


1568 


TABLE  F-2.— INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  THE  COST  OF  LIVING  FOR  NINE  CITIES  OF 
CANADA  AT  THE  BEGINNING  OF  AUGUST,  1953 

(August,  1939  =  100) 
Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


Total 

Food 

Rent 

Fuel 

Clothing 

Home 
Furnish- 
ings and 
Services 

Miscel- 
laneous 

— 

Aug.  1, 
1952 

July  2, 
1953 

Aug.  1, 
1953 

i  St.  John's,  Nfld... 

105-3 

179-0 
188-1 
191-7 
184-2 
180-0 
183-9 
179-1 
189-5 

101-9 
174-8 
182-4 
192-2 
183-3 
178-9 
185-1 
179-0 
188-8 

102-9 
175-6 
183-8 
191-8 
183-7 
178-6 
185-5 
179-8 
188-0 

101-8 

222-4 
225-2 
245-8 
218-5 
230-5 
242-1 
237-2 
233-5 

107-3 

128-5 
132-8 
155-7 
162-8 
137-5 
136-8 
129-7 
140-0 

107-8 
155-8 
152-8 
144-1 
178-5 
134-9 
162-2 
124-3 
174-3 

101-9 
222-1 
229-3 
194-7 
207-3 
203-3 
217-9 
213-7 
217-2 

101-2 

188-6 
189-4 
203-0 
189-0 
196-7 
204-2 
191-5 
195-3 

101-4 
140-2 

152-5 

144-8 

149-2 

142-1 

Saskatoon 

134-1 
145-8 

Vancouver 

154-3 

N.B. — Indexes  above  measure  percentage  changes  in  living  costs  for  each  city,  but  should  not  be  used  to   compare 

actual  levels  of  living  costs  as  between  cities. 
1  St.  John's  Index  on  the  base  June,  1951  =  100. 


TABLE  F-3.— INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  STAPLE  FOOD  ITEMS 

Base:  August,  1939  =  100 

Dominion  Average  Retail  Price  Relatives  with  Dominion  Averages  of  Actual  Retail  Prices  for  Latest  Month 

Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


"Commodities 


Per 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

July 

Aug. 

1941 

1945 

1950 

1951 

1952 

1953 

1953 

lb. 

120-7 

154-8 

328-2 

386-6 

344-8 

293-9 

293-5 

lb. 

125-7 

167-9 

365-3 

428-0 

385-1 

324-2 

322-9 

lb. 

132-7 

162-3 

389-3 

487-6 

399-7 

342-0 

335-7 

lb. 

136-7 

168-3 

438-1 

562-0 

473-2 

399-3 

394-9 

lb. 

109-9 

152-8 

315-5 

365-6 

344-2 

300-8 

310-3 

lb. 

125-3 

143-8 

244-4 

302-5 

233-7 

274-0 

279-6 

lb. 

127-0 

143-4 

285-6 

354-8 

269-1 

288-8 

292-5 

lib. 

132-3 

142-5 

222-5 

229-7 

176-1 

237-2 

246-5 

lb. 

151-3 

159-6 

203-6 

264-8 

145-3 

180-3 

188-6 

lb. 

134-7 

137-5 

222-9 

263-8 

209-9 

204-2 

204-9 

doz. 

156-4 

181-3 

200-1 

265-5 

222-7 

243-2 

256-6 

qt. 

111-0 

95-4 

166-1 

179-8 

191-7 

191-7 

191-7 

lb. 

140-5 

148-0 

211-0 

252-5 

230-4 

232-6 

232-3 

pkg. 

174-6 

165-4 

224-5 

252-1 

262-5 

262-5 

261-0 

lb. 

106-5 

106-3 

165-1 

188-6 

191-8 

201-0 

204-1 

lb. 

127-3 

124-2 

221-2 

227-2 

224-3 

236-1 

239-0 

pkg. 

101-1 

100-0 

164-1 

183-6 

195-4 

195-4 

196-5 

tin 

129-9 

137-7 

171-6 

242-7 

300-5 

244-6 

242-7 

tin 

117-5 

121-7 

144-9 

161-0 

171-2 

175-2 

176-0 

tin 

128-3 

132-7 

169-4 

177-5 

193-8 

179-8 

178-9 

lb. 

108-2 

126-5 

177-5 

185-1 

240-2 

193-7 

184-0 

10  lbs. 

89-9 

149-4 

189-5 

180-5 

345-0 

190-5 

183-9 

lb. 

115-8 

120-2 

207-8 

251-2 

236-4 

242-3 

243-2 

lb. 

104-0 

108-6 

132-6 

172-6 

171-9 

167-2 

167-2 

doz. 

132-5 

154-3 

142-2 

130-4 

132-5 

129-2 

124-8 

jar 

111-3 

115-1 

155-0 

166-6 

161-3 

151-8 

152-4 

■   tin 

101-5 

106-1 

141-1 

154-7 

154-7 

145-3 

145-3 

lb. 

132-3 

132-3 

174-3 

204-2 

180-6 

167-8 

166-2 

lb. 

141-6 

131-7 

281-3 

313-8 

308-3 

310-3 

310-9 

pkg- 

145-2 

131-6 

181-3 

185-8 

187-2 

175-5 

175-5 

Price 

Aug. 
1953 


Beef,  sirloin  steak 

Beef,  round  steak 

Beef,  blade 

Beef,  stewing,  boneless 

Lamb,  leg  roast 

Pork,  fresh  loin  centre-cut 

Pork,  fresh  shoulder,  hock-off 

Bacon,  side,  fancy,  sliced,  rind-off. . 

Lard,  pure,  package 

Shortening,  package 

Eggs,  grade  A  large,  carton 

Milk 

Butter,  creamery,  prints 

Cheese,  plain,  mild,  |lb 

Bread,  plain,  white,  wrapped,  sliced 

Flour,  all-purpose 

Corn  Flakes,  8  oz 

Tomatoes,  canned,  2|'s 

Peas,  20  oz 

Corn,  cream,  choice,  20  oz 

Onions,  cooking 

Potatoes,  No.  1,  table 

Prunes,  pkg 

Raisins,  seedless,  bulk  or  in  bag 

Oranges,  California 

Jam,  strawberry,  16  oz 

Peaches,  15  oz 

Sugar,  granulated,  bulk  or  in  bag. .   . 

Coffee,  medium  quality,  in  bag 

Tea,  black,  |  lb 


81-2 
75-8 
53-5 
53-4 

88-8 
74-9 

550 

45-2 
20-5 
29-2 
80-2 
21-1 

63-4 
34-6 
13-3 
8-1 
18-1 
25-6 

21-9 
19-1 
9-5 
41-9 
28-6 
24-9 

34-2 
25-6 
21-5 
10-4 
106-4 
50-5 


Descriptions  and  Units  of  Sale  apply  to  August,  1953  prices. 


1569 


TABLE  F-4. 


RETAIL  PRICES  OF  STAPLE 

Source:  Dominion 


Locality 


Newfoundland— 

1— St.  John's 

P.E.I.— 

2 — Charlottetown. . 

Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax 

4 — Sydney 

New  Brunswick— 

5 — Moncton 

6 — Saint  John 

Quebec— 

7— Chicoutimi 

8— Hull 

9— Montreal 

10— Quebec 

11 — Sherbrooke 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers... 

Ontario— 

14 — Brantford 

15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William . . . 

17— Hamilton 

18— KirklandLake. 

19— London 

20— North  Bay 

21 — Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 

Manitoba— 

27 — Winnipeg 

Saskatchewan— 

28— Regina 

29 — Saskatoon 

Alberta— 

30— Calgary 

31 — Edmonton 

British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert .  . 

33— Trail 

34 — Vancouver 

35 — Victoria 


Beef 

Pork 

c 

o3 
P 

m  £ 

in 

u  C 

S3 

s 

o  a 
P4 

> 

o 

03  c3  _- 

"33-3 

c30  <u 

5 

6   . 

M  D. 

C     .. 

0Q 

bd 

si 

£  °  ° 

u 

J-2i 

<t>  +s  a. 

.c  2    - 

!W 

fa 

§  ?  w 

a,  c  a 

pq 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

103-0 

a 
68-8 

a 
52-0 

63-7 

82-2 

74-3 

e 
45-0 

83-8 

74-8 

a 
60-8 

a 
52-6 

51-0 

77-6 

40-9 

86-1 

76-8 

a 
52-4 

54-3 

51-9 

74-5 

c 

54-0 

46-7 

82-1 

76-0 

56-4 

58-5 

54-6 

75-0 

58-1 

45-3 

84-2 

77-8 

55-0 

50-0 

46-8 

77-5 

55-6 

47-4 

84-4 

76-7 

57-5 

54-3 

49-1 

79-3 

55-8 

48-5 

98-8 

97-0 

64-6 

52-4 

52-3 

76-4 

70-2 

40-8 

75-0 

740 

49-9 

50-5 

42-3 

75-5 

55-4 

43-5 

92-0 

87-7 

51-7 

54-9 

44-5 

78-0 

57-8 

46-1 

93-7 

90-2 

48-6 

46-9 

49-1 

65-6 

54-5 

42-0 

88-0 

80-7 

53-0 

53-7 

41-6 

71-9 

55-6 

41-7 

910 

83-8 

59-0 

49-0 

49-6 

70-8 

49-7 

41-6 

94-6 

84-5 

46-6 

44-7 

41-5 

70-5 

56-4 

43-8 

74-6 

71-3 

550 

51-9 

42-9 

75-9 

53-2 

46-8 

76-0 

74-8 

44-9 

53-3 

39-6 

75-5 

550 

45-5 

80-7 

78-4 

59-2 

59-0 

51-4 

74-3 

43-5 

81-7 
76-8 

76-2 
74-2 

52-8 
a 
52-2 

53-9 
52-7 

44-5 
46-5 

78-9 

77-8 

48-4 
d 
62-3 

47-0 
46-8 

79-0 

76-4 

49-5 

51-4 

43-2 

75-8 

49-4 

46-8 

73-3 

72-3 

52-4 

500 

46-3 

74-3 

49-8 

47-2 

74-1 

73-7 

47-0 

500 

42-7 

76-1 

45-3 

46-3 

76-9 

72-3 

49-8 

52-6 

39-0 

77-9 

51-6 

45-8 

76-6 
72-2 

76-0 
71-9 

53-4 
a 
52-0 

58-7 
510 

50-1 

43-7 

75-1 

711 

61-0 
d 
53-8 

45-6 

42-8 

81-4 
75  1 

77-1 
71-5 

55-3 
a 
49-6 

50-9 
56-4 

43-2 
44-6 

76-5 

77-8 

48-2 
d 
53-4 

47-3 
470 

78-9 

72-8 

54-2 

53-9 

48-1 

73-3 

d 

58-9 

44-2 

77-0 
75-1 

71-1 

72-8 

a 

54-2 
a 

54-6 

54-8 
58-2 

44-2 

47-8 

72-1 
69-6 

55-4 
d 
59-7 

433 
450 

78-8 

73-1 

63  1 

56-2 

41-3 

68-4 

d 
58-1 

430 

72-1 

68-7 

47-3 

52-9 

45-5 

63-1 

49-1 

43-6 

85-0 

77-5 

a 
.  58-5 

63-0 

48-0 

75-0 

65-0 

45-7 

87-4 

81-6 

61-2 

64-8 

740 

650 
d 
64-7 

440 

90-1 

79-4 

59-8 

57-9 

51-7 

80-5 

44-2 

92-9 

84-5 

01 -7 

60-3 

55-9 

80-3 

59-5 

45-2 

1570 


FOODS  AND  COAL  BY  CITIES,  AUGUST,  1953 

Bureau  of  Statistics 


Locality 


03 -O 


£  is 
pq 


c  o 


*7 


E.S 


PQ 


Newfoundland 

I— St.  John's. 


P.E.I.— 

2 — Charlottetown . 


Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax. 


4 — Sydney. 


New  Brunswick 

5— Moncton 


6— Saint  John . 


Quebec— 

7— Chicoutimi. 


8— Hull 

9— Montreal 

10— Quebec 

11 — Sherbrooke. . . 

12-Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers. 

Ontario— 

14 — Brantford 


15— Cornwall 

16— Fort  William.... 

17— Hamilton 

18— KirklandLake.. 

19 — London 

20— North  Bay 

21— Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27— Winnipeg . 

Saskatchewan- 

28— Regina . . . 


29— Saskatoon . 


Alberta— 

30— Calgary 


31— Edmonton. 


British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert . 

33-Trail 

34 — Vancouver 

35 — Victoria 


85-0 

87-4 
81-0 

81-6 
86-4 

106-7 


91-5 

82-2 


94-8 


89-3 


93-7 
96-2 


89-1 
82-3 

86-6 

81-2 


85-3 
80-0 

103-0 

99-8 
89-2 
99-3 


cts. 
12-0 

14-4 

12-8 
14-0 

13-3 
13-3 

16-0 
12-7 
12-7 
12-5 
13-1 
12-7 
11-7 

12-7 
12-7 
14-0 
12-7 
12-0 
12-7 
13-0 
12-7 
12-7 
13-3 
13-3 
12-7 
12-7 

15-0 

14-4 
13-6 

14-4 
14-4 

15-0 
17-0 
16-0 
16-0 


cts. 
20-9 

19-2 

18-4 
19-4 

18-5 
18-7 

19-3 
17-4 
17-3 
18-1 
17-4 
17-7 
17-4 

17-5 

18-2 
18-8 
17-6 
18-9 
17-4 
19-4 
17-4 
17-5 
19-2 
18-5 
17-4 
17-9 

17-7 

18-6 
17-7 

18-2 
17-9 

18-6 
18-3 
17-7 
17-9 


cts. 
11-2 

10-3 

9-6 
10-5 

10-1 

9-9 

10-2 
9-9 
9-4 
9-5 
9-3 
9-7 

10-3 

9-8 
10-1 
10-6 
10-0 
11-2 

9-9 
11-3 

9-7 
10-0 
10-8 
11-0 

9-4 
10-0 

11-7 

12-8 
13-9 

11-9 
11-7 

11-1 
11-7 
9-7 
10-0 


67 


60- 


59- 


96-5 
!77-5 

'82-0 

'84-7 

'83-0 

'86-2 

384-0 
81-5 
81-4 
82-0 
'85-0 
580-3 
'79-6 

I 

79-5 
I 

81-7 
I 

78-8 

'82-3 
86-2 
'76-3 
'88-6 


85-7 
86-4 
'80-5 
'80-8 

'74-6 

71-0 
'68-8 

'75-8 
I 
71-7 

79-4 
I 

78-7 
I 

72-6 
I 

76-9 


cts. 
76-3 


65-8 
67-4 

65-8 
67-0 

60-0 
60-3 
60-7 

61-7 
59-7 
59-5 
59-6 

61-9 
61-6 
63-1 
63-5 
64-2 
63-1 
64-4 
62-2 
61-8 
64-2 
62-8 
62-9 
63-0 

61-9 

61-2 
62-1 

62-1 
63-9 

65-9 
63-8 
64-9 
65-7 


1571 


TABLE  F-4- 


RETAIL  PRICES  OF  STAPLE 

Source:  Dominion 


Locality 


Newfoundland— 

1— St.  John's. . . 


P.E.I.— 

2— Charlottetown . 


Nova  Scotia 

3— Halifax. 


4— Sydney . 


New  Brunswick 

5 — Moncton .  .  . 


-Saint  John . 


Quebec— 

7— Chicoutimi. 


8— Hull 

9— Montreal 

10— Quebec 

11 — Sherbrooke. . 

12-Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers. 

Ontario— 

14— Brantford.... 


15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William. . . . 

17 — Hamilton 

18— Kirkland  Lake.. 

19— London 

20— North  Bay 

21 — Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27 — Winnipeg. 

Saskatchewan 

28— Regina... 


29 — Saskatoon. 


Alberta— 

30— Calgary. 


31 — Edmonton. . . . 

British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert. 


33— Trail 

34— Vancouver. 
35 — Victoria. . . 


C3T3  — 


O      tH 

a.  d. 


37-0 

35-2 
36-9 

34-9 
35-9 

36-6 
33-3 
34-3 
34-9 
351 
33-5 
34-2 

32-7 
34-3 
35-3 
34-3 
35-0 
33-6 
35-6 
33-3 
33-9 
35-4 
34-2 
33-2 
34-8 

351 

35-8 
34-2 

33-7 
34-7 

37-5 
35-8 
35-3 
35-9 


a 

3 


cts. 
33-3 


39-5 
37-6 

38-3 
39-3 


39-5 
38-4 
40-5 

39-7 
39-0 
39-0 
38-7 
39-7 
39-4 
38-9 
37-8 
39-5 
39-7 

41-1 

40-9 
40-9 

40-4 
41-4 

40-8 
40-1 
40-0 
39-5 


si 


22-5 

21-3 
20-9 

23-4 
22-5 

21-2 
21-0 
22-4 
22-8 
20-8 
21-9 
19-8 

19-9 
21-5 
20-3 
21-8 
21-8 
21-2 
23-0 
22-0 
21-0 
22-0 
21-4 
21-0 
21-0 

20-6 

17-6 
17-2 

17-2 
17-8 

20-1 
18-9 
18-1 


bO  b£) 

"3  a 


cts. 
34-1 

30-3 

29-3 
29-1 

29-9 
29-0 

34-3 
28-6 
29-0 
29-2 
30-2 
29-6 
28-5. 

27-8 
28-1 
29-0 
29-3 
300 
28-0 
28-2 
27-6 
29-1 
29-3 
29-4 
28-4 
29-4 

28-1 

30-4 

28-7 

30-1 
31-3 

31-0 
31-7 
27-6 
29-8 


28-2 

24-9 
26-1 

25-9 
25-7 

27-0 
25-5 
26-4 
26-1 
24-7 
26-1 
25-4 

24-1 
25-3 
24-6 
24-8 
26-4 
26-1 
31-8 
240 
25-3 
26-0 
26-0 
23-7 
25-6 

24-8 

25-1 
24-8 

24-3 
24-3 


23-8 
230 


cts. 

17-4 

19-3 

17-2 
19-1 

16-9 
17-5 

18-8 
16-7 
16-9 
17-6 
17-4 
16-8 
18-2 

17-2 
16-2 
18-0 
16-8 
18-9 
17-2 
18-4 
16-8 
16-8 
17-4 
18-8 
17-2 
17-8 

17-7 

19-0 
19-5 

18-1 
18-3 

21-9 
20-4 
17-4 
17-1 


cts. 
s 
50-1 

20-1 

21-5 
23-1 

21-9 
20-7 


20-7 
20-1 
20-5 
20-1 
22-2 
22-0 

20-9 
19-9 
21-2 
20-1 
22-1 
19-9 


20-0 
21-6 


20-2 
21-7 

21-8 

23-8 
22-8 

25-0 
21-7 

24-1 
24-6 
22-0 
20-4 


Canned  Vegetables 


a  S« 


cts. 
32-4 

28-7 

27-1 
28-0 

25-6 
25-1 

25-3 
22-4 
22-6 
25-7 
23-2 
250 
23-9 

24-7 
24-4 
25-4 
24-2 
25-5 
25-0 
25-3 
23-9 
23-0 
25-4 
22-7 
23-4 
22-3 

25-4 

29-2 
28-0 

30-2 
28-3 

33-0 
31-3 
28-7 
29-1 


o  o 
"3S 


cts. 

25-5 

22-4 

23-9 

23-1 

23-5 
23-4 

23-2 
20-8 
22-1 
21-1 
21-9 
19-1 
21-8 

20-7 
19-8 
22-3 
21-0 


21-4 

22-7 

20-8 

21-5 

21-1 

21-8 

21-2 
m 
16-9 

m 

18-4 

22-4 
23-0 

22-2 
22-2 

m 

20-9 
m 

20-6 
m 

160 
m 

18-9 


cts. 
24-1 

22-0 

19-9 
20-4 

19-7 
19-1 

200 
16-7 
18-7 
18-2 
20-4 
17-8 
20-3 

17-7 
18-9 
19-6 
17-5 

19-7 
17-3 
18-8 
16-9 
16-6 
18-5 
18-2 
16-5 
17-6 

19-2 

20-4 
21-0 

21-8 
22-0 

m 

19-4 
m 

20-9 
m 

15-6 
m 

17-3 


Above  food  prices  are  simple  averages  of  prices  reported.     They  are  not  perfectly  comparable  in  all  cases  with 

price  averages  for  earlier  years.     Changes  in  grading,  trade  practices,  etc.  occur  from  time  to  time.  (a)  Including 

cuts    with    bone-in.         (c)  Including    cuts    with     hock-on.        (d)  Including    butts.         (e)  Local.  (f)  Imported. 

1572 


FOODS  AND  COAI/BY  CITIES,  AUGUST,  1953 

Bureau  of  Statistics 


Locality 


6a 


.a  o 

c  « 
O 


(1h 


s  >; 


Coal 


Newfoundland- 

1— St.  John's. 


P.E.I.— 

2 — Charlottetown 


Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax. 


sydney. 


New  Brunswick 

5 — Moncton 


6 — Saint  John. . 

Quebec— 

7 — Chicoutimi. 


8— Hull 

9— Montreal 

10 — Quebec 

11 — Sherbrooke. . 

12— Sorel 

13 — Three  Rivers. 


Ontario— 

14— Brantford . 


15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William.... 

17 — Hamilton 

18— Kirkland  Lake.  . 

19— London 

20—  North  Bay 

21 — Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25 — Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27 — Winnipeg . 


Saskatchewan 

28— Regina . .  . 


29 — Saskatoon . 


Alberta— 

30 — Calgary . 


31 — Edmonton. 


British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert . 

33-Trail 

34 — Vancouver 

35 — Victoria 


cts. 
32-3 

23-4 

21-5 
25-8 

22-0 
21-7 

18-5 
19-0 
18-1 
18-1 
17-9 
18-1 
18-4 

18-8 
19-0 
20-0 
19-2 
19-8 
19-0 
20-3 
19-3 
18-9 
19-8 
19-2 
19-0 
19-0 

19-8 

22-4 
22-1 

23-6 
23-2 

25-1 
25-3 
20-2 
20-8 


cts. 
50-3 


42-3 
44-0 

36-4 
34-9 

39-8 
40-4 
30-6 
35-3 
34-4 
37-9 
35-5 

38-7 
38-9 
50-3 
42-0 
46-5 
35-8 
41-3 
35-9 
40-1 
53-3 
47-2 
40-1 
35-3 

35-5 

65-0 

57-8 

51-7 

57-4 

49-5 
47-8 
33-3 
28-3 


cts. 
11-! 


8-5 
9-5 

9-0 
9-3 

11-8 
10-5 
10-9 
10-0 

9-3 
10-9 

9-8 

7-7 
9-5 


10-0 


9-4 
10-5 
9-3 

7-8 
8-1 

9-4 

10-5 
11-8 

10-3 
12-3 

9-9 
10-0 

8-9 
8-5 


cts. 
34-1 


28-8 
29-6 

28-0 
29-8 

29-7 
28-2 
29-5 
28-2 
28-8 
27-0 
27-7 

30-1 
28-3 
26-4 
28-8 
29-5 
28-2 


26-8 
28-3 
29-6 
26-2 
27-8 
32-1 

28-2 

27-6 
30-8 

28-6 
29-5 

28-2 
27-5 
25-8 
27-3 


cts. 
k 
26-3 


27-6 

n 

24-1 
n 

25-8 

n 

25-7 
n 
26-7 

n 

28-0 
n 

24-8 
n 

25-0 

26-7 
n 

25-0 
n 

23-2 
n 

25-6 

n 

22-9 
n 

24-1 
n 

25-0 

23-5 
26-4 

22-8 
k 

22-8 
n 

22-7 
n 

25-4 

23-5 

k 

24-6 
n 

24-7 
n 

25-0 

n 
27-3 

27-3 

27-2 

n 

25-5 
n 

25-5 

n 

26-5 
n 

26-9 
n 

23-9 
n 

24-1 


cts. 
w 
61-8 

470 

46-4 
46-8 

46-0 
49-1 

55-5 
52-3 
48-0 
50-5 
54-3 
52-5 
54-0 

51-8 
52-0 
50-7 
49-5 
55-2 
48-7 
52-7 
54-5 
50-4 
54-8 
50-6 
48-3 
49-8 

47-2 

48-5 
47-4 

48-2 
48-2 

50-4 
50-2 
47-2 
46-4 


cts. 

V 

124  •! 


115-5 


112-9 

118-8 


109-6 
113-9 


108-8 

110-4 

107-4 

110-1 

109-0 

109-4 

v 

110-4 

101-5 
107-6 
104-8 
104-0 
99-8 
103-9 
115-2 
102-8 
105-0 
105-6 
101-2 
102-6 
104-8 

100-9 

103-8 
103-0 

101-0 
104-9 

102-3 

97-9 
98-6 
101-7 


29-00 
27-50 
27-37 
28-56 
27-75 
26-50 
27-00 

26-40 
29-15 
26-38 
26-06 
33-50 
26-75 
28-75 
27-40 
27-50 
25-50 
29-00 
24-57 
25-75 


23-04 

17-50 

19-50 
13-60 

18-75 
19-75 


21-05 

18-30 

17-98 


8-58 

22-90 
19-75 
19-93 
21-56 


(g)  Mixed— carton  and  loose.         (h)  Evaporated 
(n)  Mixed— Californian  and  Australian.         (s)  28 


milk,  17 -0c.  per  16  oz.  tin.        (k)  Californian.         (m)  15  oz.  tin. 
oz.  tin.        (t)  Pure.        (v)  Including  tins.         (w)  Orange  Pekoe. 

1573 


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1575 


G — Strikes  and  Lockouts 

TABLE  G-l.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  JANUARY-AUGUST,  1952-53t 


Date 


Number  of  Strikes 
and  Lockouts 


Com- 
mencing 
During 
Month 


In 
Existence 


Number  of  Workers 
Involved 


Com- 
mencing 
During 
Month 


In 
Existence 


Time  Loss 


In  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Per  Cent 

of 

Estimated 

Working 

Time 


1953* 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Cumulative  totals 


Hi 
11 
13 
14 

17 
16 

14 


2,1361 

2,448 

4,524 

2,790 

2,740 

4,809 

4,650 

4,408 


2,136 
3,757 
5,450 
3,562 
4,748 
6,452 
7,396 
8,598 


31,050 
23,777 
33,018 
29,120 
36,127 
57,346 
73,486 
92,760 


105 


28,505 


376,684 


0-04 
0-03 
0-04 
003 
0-04 
007 
0-09 
011 

006 


1952 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Cumulative  totals 


13* 

12 

16 

22 

30 

28 

29 

20 


5,374} 

12,394 

2,877 

8,418 

14,853 

44,704 

8,941 

8,166 


5,374 
13,048 

5,186 
12,121 
23,360 
59,706 
56,263 
15,039 


71,145 
47,603 
65,272 
178,713 
248,575 
717,845 
888,243 
202,395 


170 


105,727 


2,419,791 


0-09 
0-06 
0-08 
0-21 
0-30 
0-87 
1-07 
0-24 

0-37 


*Preliminary  figures. 

IStrikes  unterminated  at  the  end  of  the  previous  year  are  included  in  these  totals. 

fThe  record  of  the  Department  includes  lockouts  as  well  as  strikes  but  a  lockout,  or  an  industrial 
condition  which  is  undoubtedly  a  lockout,  is  not  often  encountered.  In  the  statistical  table,  therefore, 
strikes  and  lockouts  are  recorded  together.  A  strike  or  lockout  included  as  such  in  the  records  of  the 
Department  is  a  cessation  of  work  involving  six  or  more  employees  and  lasting  at  least  one  working 
day.  Strikes  of  less  than  one  day's  duration  and  strikes  involving  less  than  six  employees  are  not 
included  in  the  published  record  unless  ten  days  or  more  time  loss  is  caused  but  a  separate  record  of 
such  strikes  is  maintained  in  the  Department  and  these  figures  are  given  in  the  annual  review.  The 
records  include  all  strikes  and  lockouts  which  come  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Department  and  the 
methods  taken  to  obtain  information  preclude  the  probability  of  omissions  of  strikes  of  importance. 
Information  as  to  a  strike  involving  a  small  number  of  employees  or  for  a  short  period  of  time  is  fre- 
quently not  received  until  some  time  after  its  commencement. 


1576 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  AUGUST  1953  p) 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Estab- 
lishments 


Workers 


Time  Loss 
in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


1 

Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Progress  Prior  to  August,  1953 


Mining — 

Silver  and  lead  miners, 
Alice  Arm,  B.C. 


Gold  miners,  Pamour, 
South  Porcupine  and 
Timmins,  Ont. 


Manufacturing — 
Boots  and  Shoes  (Leather) — 
Shoe  factory  workers, 
Preston,  Ont. 


Textiles,  Clothing,  etc. — 
Knitting  factory  workers, 
Plessisville,  Que. 


Metal  Products — 
Zinc  alloy  die  casting 
factory  workers, 
Wallaceburg,  Ont. 


Skate  factory  workers, 
Kitchener,  Ont. 


Spring  factory  workers, 
Hamilton,  Ont. 


Refrigerator  factory 
workers,  Granby,  Que. 


Xon-Metallic  Minerals, 
Chemicals,  etc. — 
Chemical  factory  workers, 
Niagara  Falls,  Ont. 


100 

500 

1,010 

21,000 

(3) 

258 

5,000 

0) 

57 

1,300 

48 

900 

44 

900 

240 

5,000 

118 

235 

765 

7,000 

Commenced  May  15;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages 
and  union  security  following  refer- 
ence to  conciliation  board;  unter- 
minated. 


Commenced  July  11;  for  new  agree- 
ments providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  48  to  40 
per  week,  pay  for  six  statutory 
holidays,  check-off  and  extension 
of  vacation  plan  following  reference 
to  conciliation  board;  untermi- 
nated. 


Commenced  May  26;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  reduced  hours  from  45 
to  40  per  week  following  reference 
to  conciliation  board;  untermi- 
nated. 


Commenced  May  19;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment incorporating  cost-of-living 
bonus  in  basic  rate,  seniority,  etc., 
following  reference  to  arbitration 
board;  partial  return  of  workers; 
unterminated. 


Commenced  April  22;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  retroactive  to  Oct.  30,  1952, 
and  other  changes  following  refer- 
ence to  conciliation  board;  un- 
terminated. 

Commenced  May  14;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  union  shop,  check-off,  etc., 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  unterminated. 

Commenced  June  24;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages, 
reduced  hours  from  42|  to  40  per 
week  with  same  take-home  pay, 
check-off,  etc.,  following  reference 
to  conciliation  board;  untermi- 
nated. 

Commenced  July  20;  for  a  new  agree- 
ment providing  for  increased  wages; 
extension  of  vacation  plan,  etc.; 
terminated  August  4;  negotiations; 
compromise. 


Commenced  July  28;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  union 
security  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  terminated  August 
14;  conciliation;  in  favour  of  work- 


1577 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  AUGUST  1953  (*) 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Establish- 
ments 


Workers 


Time  Loss 
in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Progress  Prior  to  August,  1953— concluded 


Transportation  and  Public 
Utilities — 
Other  Local  and  Highway 
Transport — 
Truck  drivers,  warehouse- 
men and  helpers,  South 
Western  Ontario 


Trade — 

Wholesale  produce  ware- 
house workers, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


1,500 


50 


33,500 


1,100 


Commenced  July  20;  for  new  agree- 
ments providing  for  increased  wages 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  terminated  August  29;  con- 
ciliation; compromise. 


Commenced  June  15;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  unterminated. 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  Commencing  in  August,  1953 


Mining — 

Gold  and  copper  miners 
and  smelter  workers, 
Noranda,  Que. 


Manufacturing — 
Miscellaneous  Wood  Products- 
Plywood  factory  workers, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


Metal  Products — 

Aero  engine  mechanics, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


Electrical  apparatus 
factory  workers, 
Hamilton,  Ont. 


Electrical  apparatus 
factory  workers, 

St.  Catharines,  Ont. 


Trade— 

Wholesale  grocery 
warehouse  workers, 
Penticton,  B.C. 


(5) 
600 


219 


82 


1,900 


600 


12,800 


1,300 


940 


240 


900 


145 


Commenced  August  22;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  check-off, 
increased  wages  and  reduced  hours 
from  48  to  40  per  week  following 
reference  to  arbitration  board; 
unterminated. 


Commenced  August  11;  for  reduction 
in  hours  of  work  from  eight  to  six 
and  one-half  for  graveyard  shift; 
terminated  August  18;  negotiations; 
in  favour  of  workers. 


Commenced  August  14;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  unterminated. 

Commenced  August  18;  protesting 
suspension  of  five  workers  for 
refusal  to  unload  trucks  (sympathy 
with  truckers'  strike);  terminated 
August  18;  return  of  workers;  in 
favour  of  employer. 

Commenced  August  18;  refusal  to 
work  with  non-union  workers; 
terminated  August  19;  negotiations; 
in  favour  of  workers,  job  to  be 
done  with  union  labour. 


Commenced  August  3;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  closed  shop,  grievance 
committee,  etc.,  following  refer- 
ence to  conciliation  board;  un- 
terminated. 


0)  Preliminary  data  based  where  possible  on  reports  from  parties  concerned,  in  some  cases  incom- 
plete; subject  to  revision  for  the  annual  review. 

(2)  In  this  table  the  date  of  commencement  is  that  on  which  time  loss  first  occurred  and  the  date 
of  termination  is  the  last  day  on  which  time  was  lost  to  an  appreciable  extent. 

(3)  121  indirectly  affected;  (4)  21  indirectly  affected;  (6)  140  indirectly  affected. 


1578 


CURRENT  N0VEMBER  ,5' 1953 

manpower  and  labour  relations 

REVIEW 

Economics   and   Research  Branch,   Canadian  Department  of  Labour 

Current  Manpower  Situation 

LABOUR  surpluses  began  to  increase  in  many  Canadian  labour  market 
areas  during  October.  Seasonal  job  opportunities  declined  sharply 
as  the  harvesting  of  a  near-record  crop  was  completed  and  as  other  season- 
al industries  became  less  active.  Good  weather  throughout  the  country 
speeded  up  the  completion  of  activity  in  some  instances  and  extended 
operations  in  others.  In  some  areas,  however,  labour  surpluses  were 
developing  somewhat  more  rapidly  than  is  usual  for  the  season.  This 
results  partly  from  the  completion  of  certain  resource  development  and 
defence  construction  projects  and  from  the  levelling-off  of  employment 
in  a  number  of  manufacturing  industries,  particularly  the  durable  goods 
sector,  which  was  expanding  more  than  seasonally  a  year  ago. 

The  effect  of  these  developments  on  the  over-all  labour  market  was 
that  the  number  of  persons  with  jobs  declined  by  about  74,000  to 5, 240,000, 
the  number  of  persons  at  work  35  hours  or  more  declined  by  66,000  and  that 
of  persons  working  less  than  35  hours  increased  7,000  to  286,000.  The 
number   of  areas  with  a  slight  labour  surplus  increased  from  19  to  37. 

Job  applications  on  file  at  National  Employment  Service  offices 
increased  sharply  during  October.  The  rate  of  increase  in  applications 
indicated  that  the  decline  in  labour  requirements  has  been  somewhat 
more  than  seasonal  in  nature.  The  average  total  number  of  applications 
for  the  month  was  185,600,  an  increase  of  14  per  cent  from  September 
1953  and  25  per  cent  from  October  last  year. 

While  some  readjustments  seem  to  be  taking  place  in  manufacturing 
and  mining,  most  major  indicators  of  economic  activity,  such  as  invest- 
ment, personal  income  and  consumer  expenditures,  continue  to  exceed 
last  year's  levels  and  suggest  continued  strength  in  the  economy.  Em- 
ployment levels  in  trade  and  services  are  well  above  last  year's  and  are 
also  higher  in  mining  and  manufacturing.  Employment  in  construction 
as  a  whole  is  about  the  same  as  last  year,  despite  the  marked  drop  in 


A       Monthly       Labour       Gazette       Feature 

1579 


CURRENT    LABOUR    TRENDS 


CENTS  PER  HOUR 


140 

130 

120 
110 
100 
90 

INDEX 


AVERAGE  HOURLY  EARNINGS . 


120 


1952 


CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX 

1949=100 


Averages] 


I    ,,..!■ 1..     .1,       ,1 1. 


MILLIONS 


THOUSANDS 


AVERAGE  HOURS  WORKED' 

manufacturing 

■ 

1953 

.  ^> 

E 

1952  n2* 

W 

_± — i — j — i — i — 

HOURS  PER  WEEK 


REAL  WEEKLY  EARNINGS 


-**'  1952 


INDUSTRIAL  PRODUCTION 


■I 

I  Averages  | 


120 
110 
100 

IDEX 

275 

250 

225 

200 
175 


SgJFMAMJJASONDJ       SgJFMAMJJASOND 


activity    in   highways,    bridges    and   streets.    Residential    housing  starts 
and   completions  are  about  one-third  higher  than  last  year. 

Strong  demand  for  consumer  goods,  together  with  sustained  invest- 
ment and  defence  expenditures,  has  meant  substantial  employment  in- 
creases in  a  number  of  industries  during  the  past  year.  Continued  ex- 
pansion in  the  production  of  furniture  and  electronic,  radar  and  lighting 
equipment  has  more  than  offset  decreases  in  household  appliance  manu- 
facturing. In  the  food,  beverage  and  clothing  industries,  employment  has 
been  slightly  higher  than  last  year. 


Expansion  has  also  taken  place  among  some  of  the  heavier  manu- 
facturing and  basic  material  industries.  Employment  in  aircraft  manu- 
facturing, though  slightly  lower  than  a  few  months  ago,  was  18  per  cent 
higher  in  September  this  year  than  last.  Employment  in  shipbuilding  and 
railway  rolling  stock  is  currently  11  and  45  per  cent  higher,  respectively, 
than  the  average  for  the  past  three  years.  Similarly,  the  volume  of  export 
and  domestic  shipments  of  base  metals  and  their  products  has  shown 
marked  increases   this   year. 

Despite  the  current  high  level  of  industrial  activity  generally,  a 
few  industries  have  slackened  their  demand  for  labour,  which  has  accen- 
tuated the  seasonal  rise  of  labour  surpluses.  Apart  from  the  usual  season- 
al factors,  the  main  reasons  for  the  heavier  labour  surpluses  this  year 
are  the  slackness  in  textiles,  the  continuing  decline  in  employment  in 
agricultural  implement  manufacturing,  the  extended  lay-offs  for  model 
change-over  in  the  automobile  industry,  declines  in  logging  employment 
in  British  Columbia,  the  completion  of  certain  resource  development  and 
defence  projects,  reduced  coal-mining  employment  and  the  increase  in 
the   number  of  workers   on  strike. 

Employment  in  textile  manufacturing,  although  still  slightly  higher 
than  last  year,  failed  to  reach  the  1951  level.  The  year-to-year  employ- 
ment level  in  agricultural  implement  manufacturing  declined  about  25 
per  cent.  Drought  conditions  in  the  southern  United  States,  which  reduced 
Canadian  exports  of  farm  implements,  high  sales  in  post-war  years  and 
the  slightly  lower  cash  position  of  farmers  are  contributing  factors  to 
reduced      employment      this     year. 


Early  model  change-over  has  aug- 
mented the  number  of  workers 
temporarily    idle. 

The  slackening  rate  of  em- 
ployment expansion  combined  with 
a  steady  growth  of  the  labour  force 
has  resulted  in  a  higher  ratio  of 
job  applications  to  wage  and  salary 
workers.  Labour  surpluses  were 
highest  in  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic 
regions,  followed  by  the  Quebec, 
Ontario  and  Prairie  regions,  in  that 
order  (see  regional  distribution  of 
applications  in  accompanying  table). 


Job  Applications  at  N.E.S.  Offices 
as  Percentages  of  Paid  Workers 


Region 

Oct.  29 
1953 

Oct.  1 
1953 

Oct.  30 
1952 

Atlantic 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Prairies 

Pacific 

6.8 
5.1 

4.4 
3.7 
7.6 

5.5 
4.3 
3.6 
2.7 
6.1 

4.8 
3.8 
3.0 
2.8 
6.0 

Canada 

5.0 

4.1 

3.7 

1581 


Labour— Management  Relations 

THE  outstanding  feature  in  labour-management  relations  over  the 
past  month  has  been  the  sharp  increase  in  time  lost  through  work 
stoppages,  On  the  other  hand,  settlements  were  reached  in  several  in- 
dustries, including  pulp  and  paper,  where  bargaining  had  been  going  on 
for  some   time. 

Work  Stoppages,  Preliminary  figures  indicate  that  slightly  more 
than  268,000  man-working  days  were  lost  in  October,  compared  with 
approximately  166,000  in  the  same  month  last  year.  For  all  previous 
months   the  figure   has  been  lower  in  1953  than  1952. 

More  than  60  per  cent  of  the  October  time  loss  resulted  from  work 
stoppages  in  gold  and  base  metal  mines  in  northern  Ontario  and  Quebec. 
Approximately  7,000  mine  workers,  represented  by  the  United  Steel- 
workers  of  America  (CIO-CCL),  are  involved  in  stoppages  at  12  mines. 
At  mid-November,  these  strikes  were  still  in  progress  although  negoti- 
ations were  reported  to  have  been  re-opened  between  the  union  and  one 
of  the   largest  producers. 

The  strike  of  lumbering  and  sawmill  workers  in  the  northern  interior 
of  British  Columbia  (L.G.,  Oct.,  p.  1410)  was  still  in  progress.,  In  the 
latter  part  of  October,  lumbering  workers  in  the  southern  interior  of  the 
province  also  went   on  strike. 

Other  important  stoppages  in  progress  at  mid-November  include 
those  involving  460  paper  mill  workers  at  Beauharnois  and  Crabtree  Mills, 
Que.,  700  steel  mill  workers  at  Winnipeg  and  450  carpenters  at  Fort 
William  and  Port  Arthur. 

The  strike  of  seamen  employed  on  Canada's  Atlantic  fleet,  reported 
last  month  (L.G.,  Oct.,  p.  1410),  was  terminated  October  23.  The  main 
terms  of  settlement  were  a  $6-per-month  increase  for  unlicensed  per- 
sonnel, with  an  additional  $10  for  day  workers  in  the  deck  and  engine 
room  departments  and  a  48-hour  week  at  sea,  except  for  deck  and  engine 
room  employees,  whose  weekly  hours  were  reduced  to  40. 

Recent  Settlements.  A  strike  of  more  than  12,000  workers  employed 
in  pulp  and  newsprint  mills  in  Ontario  was  averted  by  an  agreement 
reached  early  in  November.  This  agreement  provides  a  three-per-cent 
increase  in  wage  rates,  with  a  minimum  of  five  cents  an  hour  retroactive 
to  May  1,  as  well  as  certain  fringe  benefits,  and  was  reached  after  ex- 
tensive bargaining,  conciliation  and  a  vote  by  workers  in  favour  of  strike 
action  (L.G.,  Oct.,  p.  1408).  The  employees  are  represented  by  the  Inter- 
national Brotherhood  of  Paper  Makers  (AFL-TLC),  the  International 
Brotherhood  of  Pulp,  Sulphite  and  Paper  Mill  Workers  (AFL-TLC)  and 
several  other  unions. 

Following  the  Ontario  settlement,  the  AFL-TLC  unions  in  the  pulp 
and  paper  industry  and  the  Canadian  International  Paper  Company,  oper- 
ating mills  in  Quebec,  eastern  Ontario  and  New  Brunswick,  agreed  to  a 
new  two-year  contract.  The  agreement,  covering  approximately  5,000 
workers,  provides  for  a  wage  increase  of  five  per  cent,  a  40-hour  week 
and  other  benefits. 

1582 


Meanwhile,  no  agreement  had  been  reached  in  the  British  Columbia 
pulp  and  paper  industry.  A  vote  favouring  strike  action  followed  the 
rejection  by  the  unions  of  a  conciliation  board  report  recommending  a 
wage    increase   of  four  cents   an  hour. 

Long-standing  differences  between  District  50,  United  Mine  Workers 
of  America  (CCL),  and  the  Dominion  Coal  Company  Limited  have  been 
settled.  The  miners  voted  in  favour  of  continuing  the  former  contract 
into  1955  without  a  wage  increase.  Previously  the  miners  had  twice,  by 
vote,  rejected  a  similar  proposal. 

After  prolonged  negotiations  and  conciliation,  agreement  was  readied 
between  the  Port  Arthur  Shipbuilding  Company  and  the  Industrial  Lnion 
of  Marine  and  Shipbuilding  Workers  (CCL)  (L.G.,  Feb.,  p.  175).  The 
settlement  provides  for  a  40-hour  week  with  maintenance  of  take-home 
pay,  a  wage  increase  and  a  health  and  welfare  plan.  Four  AFL-TLC 
unions  representing  small  numbers  of  the  tradesmen  involved  agreed  to 
similar  terms.  In  total,  the  agreements  apply  to  approximately  1,000 
employees. 

Recently,  an  agreement  covering  all  Ontario  Hydro-Electric  con- 
struction projects  was  negotiated  with  a  committee  of  18  AFL-TLC 
unions  representing  various  trades.  The  agreement,  covering  approximately 
9,000  construction  workers,  provides  a  wage  increase,  statutory  holidays, 
a  savings  and   insurance  plan,   union  security  and  other  benefits. 

In  the  aircraft  industry,  Canadair  Limited  and  the  International 
Association  of  Machinists  (AFL-TLC)  agreed  to  an  eight-cent-an-hour 
increase  applying  to  about  8,000  workers.  Other  benefits  negotiated 
include  a  reduction  in  the  work  week  from  45  to  421/2  hours,  effective 
next   June,  and   a  pension  plan  to  become   effective   next  January. 

A  strike  which  would  have  cut  off  power  and  transit  facilities  in 
the  Vancouver  and  Victoria  areas  appears  to  have  been  averted  by  an 
agreement  reached  between  the  International  Brotherhood  of  Electrical 
Workers  (AFL-TLC)  and  the  British  Columbia  Electric  Company.  The 
two-year  agreement,  which  provides  for  a  wage  increase  of  two  per  cent 
retroactive  to  last  July  and  a  further  two  per  cent  next  July,  had  not, 
however,  been  voted  on  by  the  union  membership  at  the  time  of  writing. 

Wage  Trends.  The  Department  of  Labour's  survey  of  wage  changes 
in  almost  700  representative  establishments  shows  that  about  23  per 
cent  gave  general  increases  in  wage  rates  between  October  1952  and 
October  1953.  Most  of  these  increases  applied  to  all  or  almost  all  workers 
in  the  plants  affected.  The  most  common  adjustments  ranged  from  five  to 
ten  cents  an  hour,  although  about  14  per  cent  of  the  plants  gave  less 
than  five  cents  and  another  13  per  cent  more  than  10  cents.  While  exactly 
comparable  data  are  not  available  for  the  previous  year,  it  is  evident 
that    increases    of    more    than    10    cents    are  occurring    less    frequently. 

On  an  industry  basis,  increases  were  most  substantial  in  the  pulp 
and  paper  and  printing  and  publishing  industries.  They  were  more  preva- 
lent in  such  industries  as  meat  packing,  West  Coast  logging  and  saw- 
milling,  machinery  manufacturing,  electrical  products,  telephone  communi- 
cations  and   electric   light  and  power. 

1583 


Change  in  cents 
Per  Hour 

Per  Cent  of 
Establishments 

Decrease 

0.4 

No  change 

36.8 

Increase 

1  to  4.9  cents 

14.0 

5  cents 

9.3 

5. 1  to  9.9  cents 

23.5 

10  cents 

3.1 

10. 1  to  14.9  cents 

6.7 

15  cents 

1.2 

More  than  15  cents 

5.0 

Total 

100.0 

Amount  of  Change  in  Wage  Rates  The    figures    shown    in   the    ac- 
Between  October  1952  and  companying    table    indicate    a    con- 
October   1953  .1111.1                           •            r  r- 
(Preliminary     figures     based    on     survey  of       Slderably  higher  proportion   of  firms 

general  work  changes  in  about  700  estab-      not  granting  an  increase  than  do  the 

lishments)  *.'  i  ..„  ^ 

figures  in  the  table  wage  Changes 
in  Selected  Collective  Agreements,, 
(L.G.,  Oct.,  p.  1419).  This  dis- 
crepancy results  from  the  fact  that 
some  agreements  are  renewed  with- 
out change  and  others, in  force  for  a 
two-year  period,  do  not  terminate  in 
1953.  In  neither  case  will  they  ap- 
pear among  the  sample  of  agree- 
ments bargained  during  the  period 
and  forwarded  to  the  Economics  and 
Research  Branch.  Another  source 
of  variation  is  that  the  selected 
sample  of  establishments  used  for 
the  present  analysis  includes  many 
non-union  as  well  as  unionized 
plants. 

Current  Bargaining.  By  late  November  or  early  December,  bargain- 
ing is  expected  to  get  under  way  between  representatives  of  Canadian 
railway  companies  and  the  committee  representing  their  non-operating 
unions  (L.G.,   Oct.,  p.  1409). 

Several  weeks  ago  negotiations  began  between  the  Dominion  Textile 
Company  Limited  and  the  National  Catholic  Federation  of  Textile  Workers 
(CCCL)  representing  employees  in  plants  of  the  Company  at  Sherbrooke, 
Magog,  Drummondville,  and  Montmorency,  Que.  The  union  and  company 
have  been  unable  to  reach  a  settlement  on  the  request  for  a  10-per-cent 
wage  increase  and  the  dispute  has  now  been  referred  to  a  conciliation 
board. 

Certification  Proceedings.  The  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board  has 
ordered  a  representation  vote  to  be  taken  among  conductors  on  all  di- 
visions of  the  Canadian  National  Railways  except  Newfoundland.  The 
unions  involved  are  the  Order  of  Railway  Conductors  of  America  and  the 
Brotherhood    of   Railroad    Trainmen.  "' 

The  Ontario  Labour  Relations  Board  has  certified  the  International 
Chemical  Workers  Union  (AFL-TLC)  as  bargaining  agent  at  the  Canadian 
Industries  Limited  plant,  Maitland,  Ont.  District  50,  United  Mine  Workers 
of  America,  which  is  the  bargaining  agent  in  most  CIL  plants,  contested 
the   certification. 

Two  representation  votes  have  been  ordered  at  the  plant  of  Ford 
Motor  Company  of  Canada  Limited  in  Oakville,  Ont.  In  one  election,  plant 
workers  will  vote  in  favour  or  otherwise  of  representation  by  the  United 
Automobile  Workers  of  America  (CIO-CCL).  The  other  vote  applies  to 
power  house  workers  where  the  International  Union  of  Operating  Engineers 
(AFL)  is   in  competition  with  the  UAW. 

The  International  Union  of  Mine,  Mill  and  Smelter  Workers  (inde- 
pendent) has  been  certified,  after  a  vote,  by  the  Saskatchewan  Labour 
Relations  Board  to  represent  employees  of  Rix-Athabasca  Uranium 
Mines   Limited. 


1584 


Manpower  Situation  in  Local  Areas 


CANADA 

Proportion     of    paid    workers     within 
of    tho    four    labour    market    groups. 


Per  Ce 


:Nov.    1 
i    1953 


SEASONAL  declines  in  labour 
demand  occurred  in  virtually 
all  labour  market  areas  during 
October;  labour  shortages  disap- 
peared in  seven  areas  and  the 
number  of  areas  with  approximate 
balance  between  labour  supply  and 
demand  fell  from  85  to  73.  The 
decrease  was  matched  by  a  corres- 
ponding increase  in  the  number  of 
areas  in  which  labour  surpluses 
developed  during  the  month. 

Although  most  of  these  changes 
are  attributable  to  the  seasonal  de- 
cline in  job  opportunities  that  usu- 
ally    follows     the    harvest,    labour 

surpluses  developed  somewhat  more  rapidly  than  is  usual  for  this  time 
of  year.  This  situation  resulted  from  the  completion  of  certain  resource 
development  and  defence  construction  projects  and  from  the  fact  that 
the  number  of  lay-offs  in  manufacturing  centres  was  greater  than  usual. 
The  heaviest  lay-offs,  involving  considerably  more  than  10,000  men, 
occurred  during  the  past  two  months  in  automobile  and  automobile  parts 
firms  in  Windsor  and  Oshawa.  The  workers  are  expected  to  return  to 
work  as  the  production  of  new  models  gets  underway.  In  a  number  of 
other  areas,   however,   lay-offs  were   of  a  less   temporary  nature. 


SURPLUS    SURPLUS    BALANCE   SHORTAGE 
GROUP    1     GROUP    2    GROUP    3      GROUP    4 


The  effect  of  these  developments  is  reflected  in  the  year-to-year 
comparison  of  the  manpower  situation  in  local  areas  (see  accompanying 
chart  and  table).  In  evaluating  the  significance  of  the  number  of  labour 
market  areas  in  the  various  categories,  it  is  necessary  to  keep  in  mind 
the  marked  seasonal  variations  in  labour  requirements  through  the  year 
in  Canada.  Each  year,  labour  surpluses  increase  rapidly  between  October 
and  March,  while  shortages  often  occur  during  the  summer  and  early  fall. 


Labour  Market 
Areas 

Labour  Surplus* 

Approximate 
Balance* 

Labour 
Shortage* 

1 

2 

3 

4 

Nov.  1 
1953 

Nov.  1 

1952 

Nov.  1 
1953 

Nov.  1 
1952 

Nov.  1 
1953 

Nov.  1 
1952 

Nov.   1 
1953 

Nov.  1 
1952 

Metropolitan 
Major  Industrial 
Major  Agricultural 
Minor 

1 

- 

2 
17 

1 
17 

1 
8 

4 

8 
12 

13 

40 

7 
21 
11 
50 

- 

2 
1 
3 
3 

Total 

1 

- 

37 

13 

73 

89 

- 

9 

*See  inside  back  cover,  Labour  Gazette. 


1585 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  LABOUR  MARKET  AREAS,  NOVEMBER  1,  1953 


APPROXIMATE 

LABOUR 

LABOUR  SURPLUS 

BALANCE 

SHORTAGE 

Group  1                              Group  2 

Group  3 

Group  4 

Quebec  —  Levis 

Calgary 

Vancouver  -New 

Edmonton 

Westminster 

Hamilton 

METROPOLITAN  AREAS 

Montreal 

(lobour  force  75,000  or  more) 

Ottawa  -Hull 
St.  John's 
Toronto 
Winnipeg 

Windsor 

Drantford 

Cornwall 

Farnham  —  Granby 

Joliette 

Lac  St.  Jean 

/•'one  ton 

New  Glasgow 

Corner  Brook 
Fort  William  - 
Port  Arthur 
Guelph 
Halifax 
Kingston 
Kitchener 

MAJOR  INDUSTRIAL  AREAS 

Cshawa 

London 

(lobour  force  25,000-75,000: 

Rouyn-Vol  d'Cr 

Niagara  Peninsula 

60  per  cent  or  more  in 

Saint  John 

Peterborough 

non-agricultural  activity) 

Showinigan  Falls 

Sherbrooke 

St.  Hyacinthe 

Sydney 

Trois  Rivieres 

Valleyfield- 

Beauharnois 
Victoria 

Sarnia 

Sudbury 
Timmins  - 

Kirkland  Lake 

Thetford  -  Megantic  - 

Carrie 

St.  Georges 

Brandon 
Chariottefown 
Chatham 
Lethbridge 

MAJOR  AGRICULTURAL  AREAS 

Moose  Jaw 

(labour  force  25,000-75,000: 

North  Lattleford 

40  per  cent  or  more  in  agriculture) 

Prince  Albert 

Red  Deer 

Regina 

Riviere  du  Loup 

Saskatoon 

Yorkton 

Bathurst 

Belleville  -  Trenton 

Buckingham 

Bracebridge 

Campbellton 

Brampton 

Drurr  rr.ondville 

Eridgewater 

Fredericton 

Central  Vancouver 

Gaspe 

Island 

Learington 

Chilliwack 

Montrragny 

Cronbrook 

Newcastle 

Dauphin 

Prince  George 

Dawson  Creek 

Prince  Rupert 

Drumheller 

Sorel 

Edmundston 

Ste.  Agathe  - 

Gait 

St.  Jerome 

Goderich 

Trail  -  Nelson 

Grand  Falls 

Victoriaville 

Ingersoll 

Woofistock,  N.B. 

Kamloops 

Yarnouth 

Kentville 
Lachute  - 
Ste.  Therese 

MINOR  AREAS 

L  indsay 

(labour  force  10,000-25,000) 

Listowel 

Medicine  Mot 

North  Bay 

Okanagan  Valley 

Owen  Sound 

Pembroke 

Portage  Io  Prairie 

Ouebec  -  North  Shore 

Rimouski 

Sault  Ste.  Marie 

Simcoe 

St.  Jean 

Stratford 

St.  Stephen 

St.  Thomas 

Summerside 

Swift  Current 

Truro 

Wolkerton 

Weyburn 

Woodstock,  Ont. 

V. 


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a. 

6  b  / 

a   o  * 


ATLANTIC 


ATLANTIC 

work* 

morlcot    groups,    1953. 


SURPLUS      SURPLUS      BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP    1      GROUP   2       GROUP   3     GROUP   4 


DURING  October,  seasonal  ac- 
tivities declined  rapidly  in  the  At- 
lantic region  as  farm  labour  re- 
quirments  diminished,  following 
the  completion  of  apple  and  potato 
harvesting,  and  construction  ac- 
tivity slackened  in  some  of  the  out- 
lying areas.  In  addition,  textile  and 
fish-processing  plants  continued 
operating  below  capacity  and  small 
intermittent  lay-offs  occurred  in  the 
rail  transportation  industry.  Re- 
flecting these  conditions,  the 
number  of  persons  working  more 
than  35  hours  a  week  decreased  by 
24,000  during  the  month  ending 
October  24,  reaching  a  total  of  438,000.  The  number  of  part-time  workers 
rose  from  31,000  to  37,000,  largely  as  a  result  of  further  declines  in 
textile   and   canning  operations. 

Although  recruiting  for  the  fall  and  winter  logging  camps  partly 
offset  employment  declines  in  other  industries,  woods  labour  require- 
ments during  the  month  were  below  normal  for  this  time  of  year.  More- 
over, it  is  likely  that  surpluses  of  woodsworkers  will  accumulate  through- 
out the  region  since  the  small  volume  of  cutting  planned  is  expected  to 
result   in  a  short  cutting  season. 

Non-agricultural  employment  continued  below  last  year's  level  in 
all  provinces  of  the  region,  the  most  pronounced  decreases  occurring  in 
Nova  Scotia,  where  employment  levels  in  coal  mining,  construction  and 
iron  and  steel  manufacturing  were  lower  by  sixteen,  nineteen  and  seven 
per  cent,  respectively.  Most  of  the  year-to-year  reduction  in  construction 
employment  occurred  in  the  rural  areas  because  of  a  sharp  decline  in 
highway  and  road  work.  The  industrial  area  of  Sydney  accounted  for  most 
of  the   decline   in  coal   mining  and   iron  and  steel  manufacturing. 

Five  areas  came  into  the  labour  surplus  category  during  October, 
bringing  the  total  in  this  group  to  10  by  November  1.  The  remaining  11 
areas  in  the  region  were  in  balance,  although  additions  to  the  available 
labour  supply  occurred  in  many  of  them.  At  November  1,  1952,  four  areas 
had   labour  surpluses   and  the  remaining  17  were   in  balance. 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas,  Virtually  no  change  occurred 
in  St.  John's,  Nfld.,  where  demand  and  supply  remained  in  balance. Skilled 
tradesmen  such  as  engineers,  plumbers,  electricians,  sheet  metal  workers 
and  cement  finishers  were  still  in  short  supply  and  slight  surpluses  of 
semi-skilled  and  unskilled  workers  existed. 

In  most  of  the  major  industrial  centres,  labour  supplies  increased 
during  the  month, though  not  sufficiently  to  warrant  changes  in  the  classi- 
fication of  the  areas.  Moncton,  which  developed  a  slight  labour  surplus 
following  the  completion  of  farming  and  fishing  activities,  was  the  only 
exception.  In  Sydney  and  New  Glasgow,  coal  miners  continued  to  augment 


1588 


the  labour  supplies,  maintaining  slight  labour  surplus  situations.  Since 
these  workers  were  in  the  older  age  group  and  lacked  experience  in  other 
occupations,  prospects   of   alternative  employment  were  slight. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas,  Slight  labour  surpluses  developed 
in  four  of  these  areas  during  October,  bringing  the  total  in  the  surplus 
category  to  six.  The  remaining  eight  areas  continued  in  balance.  Employ- 
ment reductions  in  textile  and  fish-processing  plants  accounted  for  most 
of  the  additional  labour  supplies  in  Yarmouth  and  Bathurst.  Campbellton 
came  into  the  surplus  category  following  the  completion  of  logging  oper- 
ations at  some   of  the   camps   in  the   area. 


QUEBEC 


QUEBEC 

Proportion     of    paid    workers    within    each 
of    tho    four    labour    market    groups,    1953. 


EMPLOYMENT  in  the  Quebec 
region  declined  seasonally  during 
October,  after  reaching  a  record 
high  during  the  summer  and  early 
fall.  Fine  weather  helped  to  main- 
tain outdoor  activities,  although 
lay-offs  were  heavy  in  construction, 
sawmilling,  farming  and  other 
seasonal  activities  towards  the  end 
of  October.  Steady  increases  in 
employment  absorbed  some  of  the 
workers  released  from  other  ac- 
tivities. From  September  19  to 
October  24,  the  number  of  persons 
working  full-time  in  Quebec  dropped 
from  1,413,00  to  1,403,000,  while 

the  number  employed  less  than  35  hours  per  week  decreased  from  74,000 
to  71,000. 


SURPLUS      SURPLUS      BALANCE   SHORTAGE 
CROUP    1      GROUP   2      GROUP   3      GROUP   4 


Employment  levels  differed  most  noticeably  from  those  of  a  year 
ago  in  construction,  where  jobs  were  fewer  owing  to  the  completion  of 
several  large  hydro-electric  plants.  Generally,  employment  in  other 
industries  appeared  to  have  maintained  or  exceeded  the  1952  level.  How- 
ever, the  season  was  slightly  more  advanced  than  last  year  and  this,  in 
addition  to  a  sizeable  yearly  increase  in  the  labour  force,  caused  labour 
surpluses  to  develop  to  a  greater  extent  this  year. 

The  year-to-year  changes  were  reflected  in  an  increase  from  10  to 
18  in  the  number  of  areas  in  the  labour  surplus  categories  at  November  1 
and  a  corresponding  decrease  from  14  to  6  in  the  number  of  balanced 
areas.  Eight  areas  previously  in  balance  developed  slight  labour  surpluses 
during  October. 

Metropolitan  Areas,  Although  some  levelling-off  has  occurred  in 
recent  months  in  the  expansion  of  manufacturing  facilities,  few  persons 
were  laid  off  during  October.  Employment  continued  to  rise  in  clothing 
and  other  light  industries  affected  by  the  Christmas  trade;  as  a  result, 
labour  demand  and  supply  remained  in  balance  in  Montreal. 


1589 


The  continued  strength  of  the  manufacturing  industries  in  Quebec 
city  was  not  sufficient  to  offset  declines  in  other  activities  and  the 
area  fell  into  the  moderate  surplus  category  a  month  earlier  than  last 
year. 

Major  Industrial  Areas,  As  a  result  of  increasing  lay-offs  in  the 
seasonal  industries  and  since  no  improvement  occurred  in  textiles,  the 
three  areas  which  had  been  in  balance  in  September  developed  surpluses. 
By  the  beginning  of  November  all  major  industrial  areas  reported  moder- 
ate surpluses;  last  year  six  of  the  nine  were  still  in  balance.  This  year, 
the  textile  centre  of  Sherbrooke  came  into  the  surplus  category  two  months 
earlier  than   in  1952. 

Minor  Areas.  Four  of  the  minor  areas  remained  in  balance;  seven 
had  slight  labour  surpluses,  compared  with  four  the  previous  month.  In 
contrast  to  these  seasonal  developments,  work  was  progressing  satis- 
factorily in  a  number  of  resource   developments  in  the  province. 


ONTARIO 


THE  shift  from  agriculture  into 
logging  and  the  withdrawal  of  some 
workers  from  the  labour  force 
continued  during  October  in  the 
Ontario  region.  By  October  24, 
the  total  agricultural  labour  force 
had  declined  to  199,000,  about 
31,000  below  the  previous  months. 
Some  15,000  workers  moved  into 
non-agricultural  employment  during 
the  month  and  16,000  left  the  labour 
force.  The  number  of  workers  em- 
ployed full  time  declined  by  16,000. 

Although  employment  levels  in 
Ontario  were  higher  this  summer 
and  early  fall  than  a  year  ago,  the 
number  of  applications  for  employment  at  the  National  Employment  Serv- 
ice offices  at  the  end  of  October  was  21,000  greater  than  a  year  earlier. 
This  increase  is  partly  accounted  for  by  additions  to  the  work  force 
during  the  year.  However,  declines  in  production  and  employment  occurred 
in  some  industries  during  the  past  few  weeks.  Reductions  in  the  agri- 
cultural implement  and  textile  industries  continued  and  some  slackening 
in  demand  for  iron  and  steel  products  developed.  Closures  of  automobile 
and  automobile  parts  plants  for  model  changes  started  earlier  and  are 
of  longer  duration  this  year  than  in  the  past.  Strikes  in  the  northern  gold 
mines  have  not  greatly  affected  registrations  for  employment  in  areas  in 
the  immediate  vicinity  but  some  miners  replaced  transient  workers  in 
the  bush  and  some  moved  to  other  areas,  thus  swelling  their  labour 
supply. 


ONTARIO 

Proportion     of    pold    workort    wi 
of    tho    four    labour    markot    grou 

P«f  C.nt 

90-                  0ct-  ]  -  ■!;:::;:;: 

B0                                   \B 

kin   oach 
P»,   1953. 

Nov.    1 

1 

»               I 

I 

1 

1 

10                       ^,, 

SURPLUS       SURPLUS      BALANCE   SHORTAGE 
GROUP    1       GROUP    2      GROUP    3      GROUP   4 

1590 


Two  areas  in  the  region  moved  from  balance  into  the  moderate  sur- 
plus category  during  October  and  Windsor  moved  into  the  higher  surplus 
category.  This  left  31  areas  in  balance  and  five  in  the  surplus  categories. 
At  the  same  time  in  1952,  four  areas  had  labour  shortages,  29  were  in 
balance  and  three  had  slight  labour  surpluses. 

Metropolitan  Areas,  The  Toronto  labour  market  continued  in  approxi- 
mate balance  in  October  and  early  November  as  employment  in  con- 
struction and  in  most  manufacturing  industries  remained  firm.  Some  sur- 
plus of  service  workers  and  unskilled  factory  workers  developed  by  the 
end  of  the  month  and  hiring  of  extra  help  for  the  Christmas  trade  was 
slow.  In  the  Ottawa  — Hull  area,  employment  opportunities  remained 
plentiful,  particularly  for  skilled  construction  workers  and  for  engineers 
and  technicians  for  the  government  service.  Increased  applications  were 
chiefly  from  unskilled  workers  coming  in  from  outside  areas.  Scattered 
industrial  lay-offs  continued  in  Hamilton. 

Major  Industrial  Areas,  Further  lay-offs  and  short  time  in  the  textile 
and  agricultural  implement  industries  increased  the  labour  surplus  in 
Brantford  and  Cornwall,  while  closures  for  automobile  model  changes 
brought  Oshawa  into  the  surplus  group  and  substantially  increased  the 
surplus  in  Windsor.  The  nine  remaining  major  industrial  areas  had  ap- 
proximately balanced  labour  markets. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas,  Nineteen  of  the  20  major  agri- 
cultural and  minor  areas  remained  in  balance  during  October.  However, 
labour  supplies  in  Chatham,  Lindsay,  Owen  Sound,  Pembroke  and  Simcoe 
were  approaching  surplus  conditions.  Leamington  developed  a  slight 
surplus,  partly  because  canning  operations  were  completed  and  partly 
because  workers  laid  off  in  Windsor  were  returning  to  their  homes  in 
Leamington. 


PRAIRIE 


SEASONAL  activity  in  the  Prairie 
region  decreased  sharply  during 
October.  The  downturn  was  confined 
primarily  to  agriculture  and  was 
partially  offset  by  an  increase  in 
other  activities.  The  net  result 
of  these  opposite  movements  was 
that  the  number  of  persons  working 
full  time  fell  from  885,000  to 
872,000  during  th~  month  ending 
October  24. 

Non-agricultural  activity  con- 
tinued at  a  high  level,  the  year-to- 
year  rate  of  increase  in  employment 
exceeding  that  of  other  regions. 
Much  of  the  increase  is  accounted 
for  by  new  industries  in  Alberta,  where 
pleted.  Heavy  construction  programs  we 


PRAIRIE 

Proportion    of    paid    worker*    within    oach 
of    tko    four    labour    market    groups,    1953. 


SURPLUS 
GROUP    1 


SURPLUS     BALANCE   SHORTAGE 
GROUP   2     GROUP   3      GROUP   4 


many  plants  are  now  almost  corn- 
re  also  in  progress  in  other  areas 


1591 


and  contractors  took  advantage  of  the  excellent  weather  during  October 

to  complete  as  much  work  as  possible  before  the  freeze-up.  Employment 

in  pulp  cutting  at  the  Lakehead  and  in  packing  plants  throughout  the 
region  was   at  seasonal  peaks. 

Owing  to  the  unusually  fine  weather,  the  harvesting  of  more  than 
600  million  bushels  of  wheat  was  completed  by  the  middle  of  October. 
The  disposal  of  this  near-record  crop  is  now  one  of  the  more  pressing 
problems,  although  the  excellent  quality  of  the  1953  grain  has  minimized 
handling  and  storage  difficulties.  Lack  of  storage  space  at  eastern  points 
resulted  in  reduced  grain  shipments  and  some  lay-offs  from  terminal 
elevators  and  railways.  So  far,  however,  other  effects  of  the  surplus 
grain  situation  on  employment  have  not  been  marked. 

The  early  completion  of  the  harvest  eliminated  existing  labour  short- 
ages in  seven  areas,  but  no  local  surpluses  had  developed  by  November 
1.  The  easing  of  labour  requirements  occurred  about  a  month  earlier  than 
last  year;  at  November  1,   1952,  four  areas   still  had  labour  shortages. 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas,  Employment  in  Edmonton, 
Calgary  and  Winnipeg  was  higher  than  last  year  by  eight,  four  and  three 
per  cent,  respectively.  During  the  month,  the  labour  supply  in  Edmonton 
increased  sufficiently  to  eliminate  shortages  but  activity  remained  at 
the  highest  level  of  any  area  in  the  region.  In  Winnipeg,  although  the 
labour  market  remained  in  balance,  the  employment  picture  was  disturbed 
by  the  lay-off  of  between  two  and  three  hundred  railway  workers  and  by 
the  month-long  strike  of  1,400  steel  workers.  The  consequent  shortage 
of  structural  steel  delayed  work  on  new  buildings  but  had  not  caused  any 
substantial  lay-offs   in  construction. 

Labour  demand  and  supply  in  Fort  William  — Port  Arthur  remained  in 
balance.  Woods  employment,  involving  about  1,000  more  workers  than 
last  year,  reached  a  peak  during  the  month.  On  the  other  hand,  railways 
and  grain  elevators  were  employing  fewer  workers  because  of  reduced 
grain  traffic  and  lay-offs  occurred  in  shipbuilding.  A  strike  of  carpenters 
in  Port  Arthur  brought  construction   in  that  city  to  a  standstill. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas,  Changes  during  the  month  in- 
cluded the  movement  of  Brandon,  Regina,  Saskatoon,  Yorkton,  Red  Deer 
and  Swift  Current  from  the  shortage  to  the  balanced  category.  However, 
although  the  demand  for  labour  eased  substantially,  the  amount  of  con- 
struction work  to  be  done  before  the  winter  prevented  the  accumulation 
of  labour  surpluses  in  any  area.  Because  of  the  slow  movement  of  grain, 
there  was  a  noticeable  reduction  in  retail  trade  in  many  areas, particularly 
among  farm  implement  dealers. 

PACIFIC 

GRADUAL  completion  of  several  large  construction  projects,  a  strike 
in  the  forest  industries  and  the  seasonal  decline  in  food  processing 
were  the  major  recent  developments  in  the  Pacific  region.  As  a  result 
of  these  changes,  full-time  employment  fell  slightly  in  the  month  ending 
October  24,  from  378,000  to  375,000. 

The  general  level  of  employment  during  October  was  about  the 
same    as    a   year   earlier  but   a    comparison   of  the   two   periods  reveals 

1592 


PACIFIC 

Proportion     of    paid    workers     within    •ach 
of    tho    four    labour    markot    groups,    1953. 


SURPLUS   SURPLUS   BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP  1   GROUP  2   GROUP  3  GROUP  4 


substantial  changes  within  various 
sections  of  industry.  In  the  logging 
industry,  employment  last  fall 
showed  a  sharp  recovery  from  the 
low  levels  caused  by  strikes  and 
drought  during  the  previous  summer. 
This  year  reduced  orders  and  high 
inventories  caused  employment  to 
decline  in  July,  a  trend  that  has 
been  accentuated  recently  by  the 
strike  of  several  thousand  logging 
and  lumbering  workers  in  the  in- 
terior. In  other  branches  of  industry 
employment  was  21  per  cent  lower 
than  last  year  in  base  metal  mining, 
nine  per  cent  lower  in  shipbuilding 
and  19  per  cent  lower  in  fish  canning.  • 

The  effects  of  these  reduced  levels  of  activity  have  been  offset 
mainly  by  work  at  a  large  number  of  hydro-electric,  petroleum  and  other 
industrial  developments,  which  raised  the  construction  employment  index 
from  352.3  in  September  1952  to  409.8  in  September  1953  (1939=100). 
Some  reduction  in  the  high  level  of  construction  occurred  during  October 
when  such  projects  as  the  oil  pipe  line,  the  addition  to  the  Harmac  pulp 
and  the  Waneta  power  dam  were  completed. 

The  drop  in  employment  during  the  month  was  distributed  fairly 
evenly  over  the  region.  Whereas  only  one  of  the  ten  labour  market  areas 
had  a  surplus  of  labour  at  the  beginning  of  October,  five  had  surpluses 
at  the  beginning  of  November.  Since  Vancouver —  New  Westminster  and 
Victoria  were  among  the  additional  centers  with  moderate  labour  sur- 
pluses, the  areas  in  this  category  covered  80  per  cent  of  all  wage  and 
salary  workers  in  the  region. 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas,  Employment  in  Vancouver  — 
New  Westminster  continued  at  higher  levels  than  last  year  but  the  labour 
supply  was  also  greater.  Inventories  of  logs  and  finished  lumber  remained 
high,  with  the  result  that  a  substantial  reduction  occurred  in  logging  and 
sawmilling  operations.  General  manufacturing  and  construction  activity 
was  well  maintained  but  unable  to  fully  absorb  surplus  workers,  many  of 
whom  had  moved  in  from  other  areas, 

Employment  dropped  sharply  and  a  slight  surplus  developed  in  Vic- 
toria as  a  result  of  the  simultaneous  completion  of  a  number  of  large 
construction  projects  and  lay-offs  in  lumbering  and  plywood  manufacturing. 
New  construction  pending  in  the  area  was  extensive  but  none  had  pro- 
gressed far  enough  to  absorb  the  large  surplus  of  construction  workers. 

Minor  Areas,  The  strike  of  logging  and  lumber  workers  spread  during 
the  last  part  of  October  to  encompass  almost  all  interior  forest  areas, 
which  together  produce  about  one-third  of  British  Columbia's  lumber 
output.  Coastal  logging  resumed  after  being  closed  because  of  fire 
hazards  but  few  camps  were  operating  at  capacity.  This  partial  resump- 
tion, however,  was  sufficient  to  eliminate  the  labour  surplus  in  Central 
Vancouver  Island.  On  the  other  hand,  moderate  labour  surpluses  developed 
in  Prince  George,  Prince  Rupert  and  Trail  — Nelson. 

1593 


Current  Labour  Statistics 


(Latest  available  statistics  as  of  November  10,  1953) 


Principal  Items 


Date 


Amount 


Percentage  Change 
From 


Previous 
Month 


Previous 
Year 


Manpower 

Total  civilian  labour  force  (a) 

Persons  at  work  35  hours  or  more  

Persons  at  work  less  than  35  hours 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

On  short  time 

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours, 

Persons  with  jobs  not  at  work 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours   

Persons  without  jobs  &  seeking  work  . 
Persons  not  in  the  labour  force 

Registered  for  work,  NES  (b) 

Atlantic  

Quebec    

Ontario   

Prairie     — 

Pacific    

Total,  all  regions    

Ordinary  claims  for  Unemployment 

Insurance  benefit 

Amount  of  benefit  payments    

Index  of  employment  (1939  =  100) 

Immigration  

Industrial  Relations 

Strikes  and  lockouts  —days  lost 

No.  of  workers  involved 

No.  of  strikes    

Earnings  and  Income 

Average  weekly  wages  and  salaries   

Average  hourly  earnings  (mfg.)  

Average  hours  worked  per  week  (mfg.)   

Average  weekly  earnings  (mfg.) 

Consumer  price  index  (av.   1949=100) 

Real  weekly  earnings  (mfg.  av.   1949=100) 
Total  labour  income $000,000 

Industrial  Production 

Total  (average   1935-39  =  100) 

Manufacturing    

Durables » 

Non-Durables  


Oct.  24 
Oct.  24 
Oct.  24 
Oct.  24 
Oct.  24 
Oct.  24 
Oct.  24 
Oct.  24 
Oct.  24 
Oct.  24 
Oct.  24 


Oct.  22 
Oct.  22 
Oct.  22 
Oct.  22 
Oct.  22 
Oct.  22 


Oct.      1 
Sept. 

Sept.    1 

Sept. 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oct. 


Sept.  1 

Sept.  1 

Sept.  1 

Sept.  1 

Oct.  1 

Sept.  1 
August 


August 
August 
August 
August 


5,351,000 

4,830,000 

286,000 

104,000 

37,000 

182,000 

124,000 

121,000 

* 

111,000 
4,744,000 


24,814 
57,708 
62,711 
20,542 
26,171 
191,946 


119,381 
$6,739,427 

193.1 

12,471 


268,053 

16,367 

44 


$57.67 

$L36 

4L1 

$55.81 

116.7 

115.1 

993 


247.2 
260.4 
308.9 
229.4 


-  0.9 

-  1.4 

+  2.5 

-  5.5 
+48.0 
+  7.7 
-10.8 
-10.4 

+32.1 
+   L3 


+  13.4 
+  7.2 
+21.5 
+  27.6 
+2L6 
+  16.3 


+   7.3 

+   5.2 


+  0.5 
-14.6 


0.3 
0.2 
0.2 
0.1 
0.4 
0.4 
0.7 


0.1 
0.8 
3.2 
4.6 


+38.3 
+30.3 
+37.8 
+24.1 
+  12.3 
+30.0 


+28.9 
+  18.0 


+    L3 
-  7.5(c) 


-72.4(c) 
-60.0(c) 
-25.5(c) 


+  5.7 
+  4.9 
-1.2 
+   3.6 

+  0.6 
+  3.4 
f   8.1 


+   5.6 
+  5.2 

+   7.3 
+   3.4 


(a),  (b):  See  inside  back  cover,  Labour  Gazette. 

(c)  These  percentages  compare  the  cumulative  total  to  date  from  first  of  current  year  with 
total  for   same  period  previous   year. 

*Less  than  10,000. 


1594 


Notes  oi 
Current 
Interest 


Haythorne   New   Assistant 
Deputy   Labour  Minister 

Dr.  George  V.  Haythorne,  Director, 
Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Depart- 
ment of  Labour,  has  been  promoted  to  an 
Assistant  Deputy  Minister  of  the  Depart- 
ment. M.  M.  Maclean,  Director.  Indus- 
trial Relations  Branch,  is  the  senior 
A>>istant  Deputy  Minister. 

Born  in  Edmonton,  Alta.,  in  1909,  Dr. 
Haythorne  is  a  graduate  of  the  University 
of  Alberta,  where  he  received  his  BA  and 
MA  degrees.  He  continued  his  studies  in 
research  and  economics  on  a  fellowship  at 
McGill  University  and  on  a  scholarship  in 
Geneva,  and  also  studied  at  Harvard 
University. 

The  new  Assistant  Deputy  Minister  was 
called  to  Ottawa  to  join  the  National 
Selective  Service  in  1942  and  became 
Associate  Director  of  that  body  in  1943. 
In  1947,  Dr.  Haythorne.  on  leave  of 
absence  from  the  Department,  continued 
his  post-graduate  studies  on  a  fellowship 
at  Harvard,  where  he  received  his  Ph.D. 
in  economics  in  1949.  He  was  appointed 
Director  of  the  Economics  and  Research 
Branch  in  1948. 

Dr.  Haythorne  was  Chairman  of  the  ILO 
Committee  of  Experts  on  Productivity. 
( reneva,  1952,  and  was  a  government 
delegate  to  the  International  Labour 
Conference  in  Geneva  in  June  this  year. 


Jobs   for  Handicapped 
Exist,   New   Film   Shows 

To  illustrate  the  fact  that  there  is  no 
such  thing  as  a  class  of  handicapped 
persons  separated  by  their  disabilities  from 
the  rest  of  the  population,  and  to  clear 
away  some  of  the  misconceptions  that  bar 
many  of  the  handicapped  from  useful 
employment,  the  Department  of  Labour,  in 
co-operation  with  the  National  Employ- 
ment Service  and  the  National  Advisory 
Council  for  the  Rehabilitation  of  the 
Disabled,  has  prepared  a  film,  Everybody's 
Handicapped.  It  is  a  National  Film  Board 
production. 

The  film  is  available  in  both  English 
and    French    versions.      Information    about 


screenings  and  the  purchase  of  prints  may 
be  obtained  from  the  Information  Branch. 
Department  of  Labour,  or  from  local 
National   Employment   Service   offices. 

The  handicapped  person  may  have  a 
less  wide  field  of  choice  but  in  most  cases 
a  job  can  be  found  for  him  where  his 
handicap  does  not  hamper  him  and  where 
he  can  work  on  equal  terms  with  his 
fellow  employees,  the  film  points  out. 


CCL's   James   €.    Bury 
Joins   ICFTJU   Staff 

James  C.  Bury,  former  Secretary  of  the 
Vancouver  Labour  Council  (CCL),  has 
taken  a  position  with  the  International 
Confederation  of  Free  Trade  Unions.  Mr. 
Bury  held  the  council  Secretary's  post  from 
1948  until  he  resigned  recently  to  join  the 
ICFTU  headquarters  staff  in   Brussels. 

Mr.  Bury  served  a  one-year  term  on  the 
executive  council  of  the  Canadian  Congress 
of  Labour.  He  was  elected  at  the  Congress 
convention  in  Toronto  in  1952  but  did  not 
si  and  for  re-election  at  this  year's  conven- 
tion in  Montreal. 


Carpenters9   Ex-President, 
II'.    L.   Hutcheson   Dies 

William  Levi  Hutcheson,  former  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  Brotherhood  of 
Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America  (AFL), 
died  October  20  in  Indianapolis.  He  was 
79  years  of  age. 

Mr.  Hutcheson  was  President  of  the 
825,000-member  union  from  1915  to  1952, 
when  he  turned  the  leadership  over  to  his 
son,  Maurice,  and  became  the  union's 
president  emeritus. 

Born  on  a  farm  near  Saginaw,  Mich.,  in 
1874,  Mr.  Hutcheson  became  a  carpenter 
at  an  early  age  and  joined  the  union  in 
1902.  From  the  time  he  became  President 
he  pursued  a  policy  of  keeping  all 
carpentry  work  for  members  of  his  union. 
He  fought  many  jurisdictional  battles, 
helped  to  shape  the  internal  affairs  of  the 
AFL,  and  supported  the  Republican  party 
all  his  public  life. 

His  death  comes  shortly  after  the 
carpenters'  union  withdrew  this  summer 
from  the  AFL  and  rejoined  it  a  few  weeks 
later  (L.G.,  Oct.,  p.  1425).  In  August  Mr. 
Hutcheson  led  his  union  out  in  a  dispute 
over  no-raiding  policy,  thereby  giving  up 
his  position  as  the  AFL's  first  vice- 
president.  Later  the  union  re-affiliated  and, 
at  the  AFL  convention  in  September, 
Maurice  Hutcheson  became  14th  vice- 
president  {.see  p.  1619). 


80153—2 


1595 


3   Provinces   Will  Receive 
Rehabilitation   Grant 

Agreements  for  the  co-ordination  of 
rehabilitation  services  for  disabled  persons 
have  been  signed  by  the  federal  Govern- 
ment and  the  Governments  of  Saskat- 
chewan,  New  Brunswick  and  Manitoba. 
The  three  provinces  are  the  first  to  sign 
such  agreements,  although  other  provinces 
are  considering  similar  agreements. 

When  announcing  the  signing,  Hon. 
Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  of  Labour, 
described  the  agreements  as  another 
important  step  towards  improving  the 
treatment  and  services  for  handicapped 
persons  on  a  nation-wide  basis.  There  are 
important  reserves  of  unused  manpower 
among  Canada's  handicapped,  he  said,  and 
the  nation  can  no  longer  afford  the  luxury 
of  maintaining  in  idleness  those  handi- 
capped men  and  women  who  are  willing 
and  able  to  work. 

The  agreements  provide  for  a  federal 
contribution  not  exceeding  $15,000  to  each 
of  the  three  provinces  during  the  fiscal  year 
ending  March  31,  1954.  After  that,  the 
amount  of  the  contribution  will  be  set  by 
the  Governor  in  Council. 

The  new  agreements,  which  remain  in 
effect  until  March  31,  1958,  stipulate  that 
each  of  the  three  provinces  shall  con- 
tribute an  amount  of  money  at  least  equal 
to  the  amount  contributed  by  the  federal 
Government.  Each  province  agrees  to 
appoint  a  provincial  co-ordinator  to  be 
responsible  for  the  co-ordination  of  the 
rehabilitation  services  within  the  province. 
His  duties  will  include:  membership  on  an 
interdepartmental  rehabilitation  committee 
to  be  established  by  the  province,  the 
establishment  of  local  committees  within 
the  various  communities  to  draw  together 
all  those  bodies  interested  in  the  welfare 
of  disabled  people,  and  the  organization  of 
a  case-finding  and  case-referral  S3rstem  in 
the  province. 

The  federal  Government  agreed  that  the 
National  Co-ordinator  would  be  available 
to  assist  the  province  in  drawing  up 
rehabilitation  plans,  and  that  the  National 
Employment  Service  would  be  available 
for  placing  disabled  workers  in  employment. 

The  three  provincial  Governments  and 
the  federal  Government  also  agreed  that 
the  selection  of  disabled  people  who  would 
be  eligible  for  assistance  under  the  agree- 
ment would  be  made  without  discrimina- 
tion in  regard  to  racial  origin,  colour, 
religious  views,  or  political  affiliations. 

The  three  agreements  grew  out  of  the 
recommendations  of  the  National  Advisory 
Committee    on   Rehabilitation    of   Disabled 


Persons,  which  is  made  up  of  repre- 
sentatives from  private  welfare  agencies, 
universities,  the  medical  profession,  labour 
and  management,  and  the  federal  and 
provincial  Governments. 


U.K.   To   Open   New   Type 
Of  Rehabilitation  Centre 

Britain  will  have  a  new  type  of  indus- 
trial rehabilitation  centre  when  the  Min- 
istry of  Pensions  opens  its  new  unit  at 
Waddon,  Surrey,  at  the  end  of  the  year. 
Besides  providing  training  and  exercises 
which  have  proved  most  successful  in  the 
14  units  already  in  operation,  special 
research  into  the  rehabilitation  of  disabled 
workers  will  be  carried  out. 

Research  will  be  mainly  directed  towards 
carrying  out  the  recommendation  of  the 
Industrial  Rehabilitation  Development 
Committee.  Success  in  placing  persons  in 
employment  after  a  course  at  a  rehabilita- 
tion unit  should  not  be  the  sole  measure 
of  the  value  of  the  unit's  methods,  they 
suggested.  A  way  should  be  found  of 
rating  scientifically,  in  physical  and 
psychological  terms,  a  person's  "employ- 
ability"  at  the  time  of  entering  the  unit, 
so  that  it  would  be  possible  to  find  out 
whether  the  person  would  be  likely  to 
profit  by  the  course  and,  if  taken,  how 
much  good  it  had  done. 

The  Committee  also  emphasized  the 
need  for  organized  research  in  the  whole 
field  of  industrial  rehabilitation,  so  that 
the  work  can  develop  along  the  best 
possible  lines. 

Because  of  its  close  proximity  to  London, 
the  new  unit  is  expected  to  receive  more 
attention  from  the  larger  city  hospitals. 
The  distance  from  London  of  the  other 
units  has  discouraged  hospitals  from  taking 
a  close  interest. 


Wages   Cut  in  B.C.   by 
Non-Union  Lumber  Mills 

About  ten  small  non-union  operations  in 
the  British  Columbia  interior  lumber 
industry  have  reduced  wages  up  to  30  cents 
per  hour.  A  spokesman  for  the  companies 
said  that  poor  markets  and  lower  prices 
for  lumber  necessitated  either  a  wage  cut 
or  a  closing-down  of  operations. 

L.  J.  A.  Rees,  an  official  of  the  Interior 
Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association,  said 
the  employees  had  agreed  to  work  for  $1 
per  hour.  The  basic  hourly  wage  in  the 
interior  industry  is  $1.29£. 

The  number  of  workers  affected  was  not 
announced. 


1596 


Deep-Sea  Sailors9   Strike 
Ends,   Wages  Increased 

The  strike  of  Canadian  merchant  seamen, 
which  began  September  28,  ended  October 
23  with  a  one-year  agreement  between  the 
Seafarers'  International  Union  (AFL-TLC) 
and  The  Shipping  Federation  of  Canada. 
More  than  1,100  seamen  on  the  33  ships 
of  Canada's  ocean  fleet  were  affected. 

The  agreement  provides  a  pay  increase 
of  $6  per  month  for  all  unlicensed 
personnel  and  $10  per  month  for  engine 
room  and  deck  hands  on  day  work.  In 
addition,  a  48-hour  week  for  stewards  and 
seamen  standing  watch  at  sea  and  a  40-hour 
week  for  deck  and  engine  room  hands  on 
daywork  is  provided.  Regular  overtime 
rates  and  vacations  are  maintained. 

Under  the  agreement,  all  lawsuits  arising 
out  of  the  26-day  strike  were  dropped. 

Directly  involved  in  the  strike  were 
some  375  seamen  on  ships  docked  at 
Vancouver,  Montreal,  Quebec  City,  Halifax 
and  other  east  coast  ports.  Ships  at  sea 
and  in  foreign  ports  were  not  involved. 
A  walkout  on  foreign  soil  is  illegal  under 
the  Canada  Shipping  Act. 

Management  Predictions 

Reports  from  management  circles  had 
predicted  that  the  result  of  the  strike 
might  be  the  loss  of  the  Canadian  deep-sea 
merchant  marine.  A  spokesman  for  the 
shipping  federation  said  Canadian  com- 
panies "could  not  hope  to  compete  with 
foreign  lines  whose  wages  are  only  a 
fraction  of  those  paid  here".  One  Montreal 
shipper  said  the  number  of  Canadian  flag 
vessels  has  dropped  from  400  to  the 
present  33. 

On  October  15,  a  delegation  of  ship 
owners  formally  requested  the  federal 
Government  to  provide  subsidies  to  keep 
the  deep-sea  fleet  operating.  The  Cabinet 
has  not  yet  made  a  decision. 


Montreal  City  Employees 
Accept  Agreement 

The  Montreal  civic  administration  and 
more  than  6,000  of  its  employees  reached 
an  agreement,  at  the  end  of  October,  after 
long  post-arbitration  negotiations,  which 
will  cost  the  city  more  than  three  million 
dollars  by  the  end  of  1955. 

Three  different  unions,  white-collar, 
policemen  and  firemen,  affiliated  to  three 
different  labour  bodies,  the  CCCL,  the 
CCL  and  the  TLC,  joined  hands  to  press 
their  claims  after  they  found  unsatisfactory 
the  arbitration  board's  award. 


While  the  agreement  does  not  modify 
the  arbitration  board's  award,  it  widens  it 
considerably,  adding  fringe  benefits  and 
providing  salary  increases  that  will  be  paid 
at  the  expiration  of  the  board's  award,  in 
December  1954. 

The  post-arbitration  negotiations  were 
often  heated  and  the  dispute  almost  flared 
into  a  general  strike  of  all  civic  employees. 

In  its  broad  lines,  the  settlement  calls 
for  a  retroactive  payment  of  $140  for  each 
civic  employee  to  cover  the  period  from 
December  1,  1952,  to  November  30,   1953. 

During  the  year  from  December  1,  1953, 
the  city  will  assume  certain  payments  for 
health  and  life  insurance  premiums. 

Effective  December  1,  1954,  policemen 
and  firemen  will  receive  a  salary  increase 
of  $150  each,  and  the  present  $508  annual 
cost-of-living  bonus  will  be  adjusted  and 
incorporated  into  the  regular  salary.  This 
agreement  will  run  to  November  30,  1955. 

White-collar  Agreement 

White-collar  employees,  effective  Decem- 
ber 1,  1954,  will  receive  a  6-per-cent 
increase  in  salary  and  the  present  $613 
annual  cost-of-living  bonus  will  be 
adjusted  and  incorporated  into  the  regular 
salary.  This  agreement  for  the  white- 
collar  employees  will  run  to  November  30, 
1956. 

The  agreement  also  includes  the  forma- 
tion of  a  grievance  committee  for  white- 
collar  employees;  of  committees  to  study 
reorganization  of  the  policemen's  and 
firemen's  pension  fund  and  of  committees 
to  draft  codes  of  discipline  for  the  police 
and  fire  departments. 


Teamsters9  BaUers  Sign 
Mutual  Assistance  Pact 

A  ten-year  mutual  assistance  pact  has 
been  signed  by  the  International  Brother- 
hood of  Teamsters  (AFL)  and  the  Bakery 
and  Confectionery  Workers'  International 
Union  of  America  (AFL). 

James  G.  Cross,  President  of  the  bakers' 
union,  announced  the  signing  of  the  agree- 
ment in  September.  Dave  Beck,  President 
of  the  teamsters'  union,  said  it  was  one  of 
a  series  of  agreements  his  union  would 
endeavour  to  sign  with  other  unions  whose 
jurisdiction  borders  on  that  of  his  own. 

Similar  to  Another 

The  agreement  is  similar  to  one  the 
Teamsters  signed  with  the  International 
Association  of  Machinists  earlier  this  year 
(L.G.,  May,  p.  661),  the  immediate  purpose 
of  which  is  to  organize  between  them  the 
workers  in  the  garage  and  service  station 
industry. 


80153— 2\ 


1597 


HE   Drafts   Demand   for 
Guaranteed   Annual   Wage 

A  guaranteed  annual  wage  plan  was 
outlined  and  a  decision  to  demand  it  in 
collective  bargaining  negotiations  was  made 
by  the  International  Union  of  Electrical 
Workers  (CIO)  at  its  recent  convention 
in  Montreal. 

The  plan  is  similar  to  that  being  sought 
by  two  other  CIO  unions,  the  United 
Automobile  Workers  of  America  and  the 
United  Steelworkers  of  America. 

The  convention  approved  the  report  by 
its  bargaining  committee  listing  the  follow- 
ing principles  as  basic  to  a  guaranteed 
annual  wage : — 

"1.  The  primary  goal  of  the  guaranteed 
annual  wage  should  be  to  stimulate 
management  to  provide  steady,  full-time 
employment,  week  by  week,  the  year 
round,  and  thus  provide  workers  with  an 
adequate  yearly  income. 

"2.  Guaranteed  wage  payments  should  be 
made  to  workers  for  whom  management 
fails  to  provide  work  sufficient  to  maintain 
their  wages  and  who  are  unable  to  secure 
other  employment  at  their  regular  trade 
or   occupation  at   their  regular   wages. 

"3.  Workers  should  have  some  form  of 
guarantee  as  soon  as  they  acquire  seniority. 
The  guarantee  should  increase  with  length 
of  service,  up  to  a  year,  with  a  full  guar- 
antee provided  after  a  year's  service. 

"4.  The  contract  with  the  employer 
should  place  the  responsibility  for  fulfilling 
the  guarantee  upon  the  employer  or  a  trust 
fund.  Provision  should  be  made,  however, 
for  offsets  against  this  liability  for  such 
unemployment  compensation  payments  as 
are  permitted. 

"5.  There  should  be  provision  for  joint 
management-union  administration  of  the 
plan.  Eligibility  provisions  should  be  part 
of  the  contract  and  not  left  to  state 
unemployment  compensation  agencies  or 
regulation-. 

Employers'    Liability 

"6.  The  plan  should  provide  for  the 
amount  of  employer  contributions,  and  this 
should  be  the  full  extent  of  his  liability. 

"7.  Vigorous  efforts  should  be  made  to 
improve  unemployment  compensation  pay- 
ments and  liberalize1  the  eligibility  require- 
ments so  that  workers  will  be  more 
adequately  protected." 

In  advising  local  unions  to  press  for  the 
plan,  the  IUE  warned  them  that  it  must 
be  made  to  fit  the  peculiarities  of  the 
individual  plant  or  group  of  plants  to  be 
covered.  The  adoption  of  the  plan,  said 
the  parent  union,  would  raise  problems 
such    as    eligibility    requirements,    whether 


laid-off  employees  should  do  other  types 
of  work,  legal  questions  involved  in  relat- 
ing the  plan  to  unemployment  insurance, 
and  possible  changes  in  the  contract  with 
regard  to  seniority,  hours  of  work  and 
severance  pay. 

The  convention  also  passed  a  resolution 
stating  conditions  which  must  be  met  by 
employers  before  the  union  will  negotiate 
any  further  long-term  contracts.  These 
conditions  are  periodic  re-opening  on 
wages  or  other  economic  issues,  re-opening 
for  unforeseen  events,  and  correction  or 
adjustments  of  provisions  that  develop  into 
mutual  problems. 

Other   Goals 

Other  sections  of  the  collective  bargaining 
report  call  for  an  industry-wide  minimum 
wage  of  $1.25  an  hour;  annual  improve- 
ment factor  wage  increase  proportionate  to 
the  actual  gain  in  industrial  production; 
improvement  in  incentive  systems  so  that 
the  worker  will  receive  the  full  benefits  of 
his  increased  production ;  improvements 
in  pensions  to  meet  certain  minimum 
standards,  including  severance  pay  at  the 
rate  of  five  cents  an  hour  plus  2^  per  cent 
($100  per  year)  for  employees  who  arc 
terminated  before  they  are  entitled  to 
pensions;  profit-sharing  plans;  insurance, 
health,  and  welfare  plans;  nine  paid  holi- 
days a  year;  vacations  of  up  to  four  weeks 
for  20  years'  service;  and  a  union  shop. 


SteelivorUers   Consider 
1954   Contract   Demands 

A  guaranteed  annual  wage,  a  larger 
]  tension  insurance1  package  and  revised 
incentive  pay  plans  were  among  the  aims 
discussed  at  a  three-day  policy  conference 
of  the  United  Steelworkers  of  America 
(CIO)  last  month.  Xo  policies  were 
crystallized,  according  to  reports. 

The  conference,  attended  by  the  union's 
executive  and  wage  policy  committee,  was 
called  eight  months  ahead  of  the  expiry 
date  of  current  contracts  in  order,  it  has 
been  suggested,  to  build  up  public  support 
for  the  union's  guaranteed  annual  wage 
arguments. 

President  David  J.  MacDonald  said  that 
while  the  guaranteed  annual  wage  was  a 
goal  that  would  not  be  achieved  over- 
night, he  is  sure  it  will  be  gained  ultimately. 

The  Steelworkers  would  like  a  uniform 
national  policy  for  dealing  witli  incentive 
problems  and  incentive  plans  that  would 
produce  greater  earnings  and  cover  a 
larger  number  of  workers. 

Also  among  the  probable  goals  of  the 
union   is   an   increase   in   employer-financed 


1598 


pension  payments.  Speakers  at  the  con- 
ference are  reported  to  have  urged  that  the 
present  guarantee  of  $100  per  month, 
including  federal  social  security,  be  in- 
creased to  $175  or  $200  per  month,  plus 
social  security. 

Also  recommended  was  the  development 
of  a  program  under  which  workers  would 
retain  their  pension  protection  if  they 
transferred  from  one  company  to  another. 


"You  don't  give  the  unemployed  as  much 
as  the  employed.  All  workers  would  want 
to  be  laid-off  under  the  UAW's  plan,"  he 
said,  adding  that  a  big  boost  in  benefits 
would  eliminate  the  incentive  for  a  laid-off 
worker  to   look  for  another  job. 


Ford   Spohesntan   Opposes 
Guaranteed  Annual   Wage 

The  idea  of  guaranteed  annual  wages  has 
been  under  study  by  the  Ford  Motor 
Company  since  1946  but  the  company  has 
taken  no  official  stand  on  the  matter,  it 
has  been  disclosed  by  Karlton  W.  Pierce, 
Manager  of  Ford's  industrial  relations, 
planning  and  analysis  department.  He 
was  speaking  to  the  Detroit  Chapter  of 
the  Society  for  the  Advancement  of 
Management. 

He  himself  is  strongly  against  the  idea, 
he  said. 

Mr.  Pierce  said  the  plan  proposed  by 
the  United  Automobile  Workers  (CIO) 
would  involve  "an  entire  new  philosophy 
affecting  every  aspect  of  the  business 
operation". 

"The  theory  of  Mr.  Reuther's  plan  is  that 
the  employer  takes  all  the  risks  in  the 
economy  and  the  employee  takes  none," 
he  said. 

The  UAW  announced  at  its  convention 
last  March  that  it  would  press  for  the 
guaranteed  annual  wage  at  its  next  major 
negotiation  (L.G.,  May,  p.  658).  The 
union's  five-year  contracts  with  the  auto 
industry  expire  in   1955. 

Mr.  Pierce  said  Ford  had  no  joint 
management-labour  committee  to  study  the 
plan.  Such  committees  had  been  requested 
by  the  UAW. 

"We  have  no  such  group  at  Ford.  I 
know  of  none  in  the  industry  and  I  don't 
suppose  we  will  have  any,"  he  said. 

Mr.  Pierce  said  a  guaranteed  annual 
wage  would  deter  a  compan}^  from  expan- 
sion because  the  additional  workers  would 
become  a  liability  in  a  slack  season.  He 
said  the  auto  industry  has  already 
attempted  to  stabilize  employment  by 
aggressive  advertising  and  marketing, 
diversification,  faster  change-overs  to  new 
models,  and  the  use,  where  possible,  of 
production  forces  for  maintenance  work  in 
slack  periods. 

Mr.  Pierce  criticized  the  part  of  the 
UAW  proposal  that  calls  for  unemployment 
insurance  benefits  that  are  closer  to 
regular  wages. 


"Regression"   Predicted 
Before   Middle   of   1954 

An  economic  regression  before  the  middle 
of  1954  was  predicted  by  the  General 
President  of  the  Professional  Association 
of  Industrialists,  Paul  H.  Frigon,  at  the 
opening  of  the  9th  annual  convention  of 
the  Quebec  employers'  organization. 

He  hastened  to  explain,  however,  that 
this  would  not  be  a  real  depression  "but 
only  the  end  of  the  'boom'  and  a  return  to 
more  normal  business,  which  will  mean  a 
more  or  less  marked  adjustment  of  the 
present  situation". 

The  PAI  is  celebrating  its  10th  anni- 
versary this  year;  it  now  has  450  members 
in  the  province  of  Quebec,  an  increase  of 
117  during  the  year,  in  nine   locals. 

Arthur  Matteau,  head  of  the  organiza- 
tion's Industrial  Relations  Service, 
stressed  the  fact  that  108  companies 
had  appealed  to  his  Service  during  the  past 
year,  57  to  ask  for  intervention  with  regard 
to  the  bargaining  of  collective  agreements. 

Some  of  Mr.  Frigon's  reasons  for  believ- 
ing that  the  coming  decline  of  business  will 
not  turn  into  a  real  depression  are  as 
follows: — 

The  fact  that  the  governments  are 
keeping  a  vast  amount  of  public  works  in 
reserve  and  that  they  know  by  experience 
how  to  fight  depression; 

Defence  expenditure,  which  will  be  main- 
tained at  quite  a  high  level  even  if  the 
international  situation  seems  to  be  getting 
better   all   the   time; 

The  very  healthy  economic  situation  of 
Canada,  with  savings  accounts,  industrial 
production  and  the  average  weekly  earn- 
ings of  wage-earners  at  unprecedented 
peaks;  and 

Vast  industrial  resources. 

At  the  close  of  the  convention  Mr. 
Frigon  was  re-elected  General  President  for 
another  year.  Other  members  of  the  PAI 
Executive  Committee  are  as  follows: 
Eugene  Gibeau,  Montreal,  Honorary  Presi- 
dent; Paul  Beaulieu,  Chicoutimi,  1st 
vice-president;  Jean  Louis  Heon,  Montreal, 
2nd  vice-president;  Lucien  Corbeil,  Mont- 
real, Honorary  Treasurer;  and  Emile 
Goulet,  Sorel,  Honorary  Secretary. 


1599 


Enforced  Retirement 
Condemned   by  Doctor 

A  three-point  program  to  correct  the 
maladjustment  of  older  persons  was  out- 
lined last  month  to  a  conference  in  Mont- 
real of  the  American  Association  of 
Medical  Social  Workers  by  Dr.  Martin 
Hoffman,  geriatrician  at  the  Allan  Memorial 
Institute. 

Arbitrary  retirement  at  65  years  is  one 
of  the  chief  causes  of  maladjustment,  Dr. 
Hoffman  said.  Enforced  retirement  leaves 
older  people  feeling  discarded. 

"Loss  of  a  job  means  the  loss  of  status 
and  income,''  he  explained.  "These  people 
participate  less  and  less  socially.  Malad- 
justment sets  in;  they  develop  mental 
ills." 

Dr.  Hoffman  recommended  the  following 
corrective  program: — 

1.  Employment  where  the  years  of  experi- 
ence and  wisdom  of  older  workers  can  be 
used  in  the  national  interest. 

2.  Proper  housing  where  they  can  be 
an  integrated  part  of  the  community. 

3.  Education  of  the  public  to  the  point 
where  the  virtues  of  the  older  persons  are 
accepted. 

Industry  needs  to  accept  the  usefulness 
of  older  workers,  he  said.  It  is  uneco- 
nomical for  the  nation  to  disregard  the 
potential  productivity  of  workers  more 
than  65  years  of  age. 


School  Aids  Older  Women 
To  Rejoin  Labour  Force 

Older  women  planning  to  re-enter  the 
business  world  after  a  prolonged  absence 
are  being  assisted  in  fitting  themselves  for 
today's  office  market  by  a  New  York 
school.  This  pioneer  in  a  new  type  of 
vocational  training  is  the  House  of  School 
and  Industry. 

The  school,  which  offers  intensive 
refresher  courses  in  typing  and  shorthand, 
without  charge,  is  described  in  Employment 
Security  Review,  a  publication  of  the 
United  States  Department  of  Labor. 

In  the  tranquil  atmosphere  of  an  old- 
world  home,  the  women  rebuild  the  con- 
fidence lost  in  their  years  away  from  the 
labour  world  and  find  renewed  faith  in 
their  ability  to  get  and  hold  a  job. 

"Skill  is  not  enough,"  states  the  school's 
director,  Dorothy  Warren,  in  the  article. 
"Confidence,  knowledge,  honesty  . . .  these 
three  ingredients  are  essential,  too. 

"Honesty  of  approach  to  one's  age  is  not 
always  easy  to  achieve — it  means  looking 


at  it  from  the  top  down  and  appraising 
its  values  fairly.  It  means  placing  in 
proper  perspective  the  gains  of  the  years 
and  realizing  the  growth  of  experience,  of 
judgment,  of  dependability  which  make  the 
mature  years  an  asset  greatly  outweighing 
the  rivalry  of  mere  youth.  Honesty  to 
one's  job — a  full  measure  of  conscientious, 
steady  effort  —  wins  the  position  of 
reliability. 

"Knowledge  is  a  matter  of  degree  and 
the  mature  women  coming  to  the  House 
and  School  of  Industry  want  real  knowl- 
edge in  order  to  do  their  jobs  well.  The 
opportunity  to  learn  is  provided — they 
know  why  they  are  there  and  how  much 
depends  upon  their  grasp  of  the 
opportunity. 

"Knowledge  of  the  job  to  be  done; 
honesty  of  approach  to  themselves  and  to 
their  job — these  bring  confidence.  And 
confidence,  our  school  believes,  is  better 
than  a  new  hat  when  applying  for  a  job." 

The  vocational  program  was  begun  by 
the  school,  which  is  a  subsidiary  of 
Greenwich  House,  in  1952,  in  co-operation 
with  three  non-fee-charging  employment 
agencies,  the  New  York  State  Employment 
Service,  the  Federation  Employment  Ser- 
vice and  the  Archdiocesan  Vocational 
Service. 

No  applicants  are  received  directly  by 
the  school;  it  accepts  only  those  referred 
by  these  three  agencies.  The  women  who 
go  for  training  have  already  been  regis- 
tered for  jobs  and  would  be  emploj'able 
if  they  had  their  former  skills.  By  this 
referral  arrangement,  much  duplication  of 
effort  is  avoided. 

The  Employment  Service  selects  from 
among  its  applicants  for  referral  those 
women  over  35  years  of  age  who  have  had 
training  as  touch  typists  or  stenographers 
and  have  been  so  employed  in  the  past 
but,  because  they  have  been  out  of  the 
labour  market  for  many  years,  have  let 
their  skills  become  rusty  and  lack 
confidence. 

At  the  House  and  School  of  Industry 
they  are  tested  to  determine  the  extent 
of  their  residual  skill.  This,  together  with 
their  background  experience,  is  carefully 
evaluated  so  that  no  one  is  accepted  for 
training  unless  it  appears  that  she  can 
a nain  the  required  standard  of  efficiency 
within  the  limits  of  the  training  program. 

While  training  is  on  a  group  basis,  it  is, 
in  effect,  individual  as  the  trainees  vary 
in  their  residue  of  skill  and  rate  of 
progress.  This  calls  for  great  flexibility  in 
the  teaching  pattern  but  the  training  is 
thorough. 


1600 


Classes  are  held  daily  five  days  a  week 
for  eight  weeks,  with  two  periods  daily 
in  each  subject.  The  eight-week  course  is 
followed  by  a  week  of  supplementary 
instruction  and  lectures  to  brief  the 
trainees  on  such  matters  as  welfare 
progress  and  health  measures.  Speakers 
from  federal  and  state  agencies  take  part 
and  Employment  Service  interviewers  dis- 
cuss applications  and  interviews. 

Completion  of  Course 

While  the  school  prefers  that  all  students 
complete  the  full  training  course,  it  recog- 
nizes that  economic  necessity  frequently 
compels  an  individual  to  take  advantage 
of  the  first  job  opportunity,  and  imposes 
no  obligation  requiring  her  to  complete 
the  course;  neither  is  there  any  compul- 
sion to  do  so  in  the  case  of  a  student 
who,  during  the  course,  regains  her  con- 
fidence and  feels  she  is  able  to  undertake 
a  job. 

Attitudes  of  the  trainees  are  given 
positive  direction,  conduct  and  appearance 
are  stressed,  and  orientation  to  the  present- 
day  business  world  is  accomplished. 

"These  things,"  says  the  director,  "are 
necessary  since  skill  alone  cannot  over- 
come a  lack  of  confidence  and  a  general 
feeling  on  the  part  of  the  older  woman 
that  prejudice  has  stacked  the  cards 
against  her.  The  transition  from  home  to 
office  life,  from  social  relationships  to  those 
of  business,  is  a  big  hurdle  to  many  of 
these  women — nearly  all  of  whom  are  in 
the  forties  and  fifties.  Correcting  their 
thinking  is  no  easy  task,  but  it  is  a 
necessary  one.  The  constant  work  of 
orientation  eases  the  way  into  the  jobs  so 
many  of  these  women  are  now  filling  so 
well.  Out  of  109  already  trained,  better 
than  80  per  cent  already  have  jobs. 

"The  jobs  being  secured  are  not  second- 
rate  ones.  They  are  good  jobs  at  the 
going  wage  and  with  offices  of  the  highest 
standing.  Employers  are  learning  about 
our  school  and  are  requesting  applicants 
who  have  had  our  training.  They  feel  that 
a  woman  with  the  willingness  to  learn  to 
do  a  job  well,  with  initiative,  industry 
and  adaptability,  is  the  kind  of  office 
helper  they  want  to  hire.  Yes,  more  and 
more  personnel  directors  are  saying,  'We 
want  an  older  woman — one  who  is  depend- 
able and  intelligent  and  has  years  of 
experience  to  formulate  her  judgment.  If 
she  has  run  a  home  and  reared  her 
children,  we  are  sure  she  can  handle  any 
situation  we  have  to  offer.'  " 


Housing  Starts  Higher 
For  8th  Month   in  Row 

The  series  of  monthly  gains  in  housing 
starts  this  year  continued  unbroken"  in 
August,  when  construction  began  on 
10,883  dwelling  units  compared  with  9,461 
in  the  same  month  last  year.  The  total 
for  the  first  eight  months  this  year  is 
69,463,  compared  with  53,511  for  the  same 
period  in  1952. 

Completions  in  August,  however,  were 
fewer,  dropping  to  7,445  from  7,911,  the 
first  decline  in  completions  recorded  this 
year.  But  the  cumulative  total  for  the 
first  eight  months  was  higher,  53,764  com- 
pared with  40,966. 

Under  construction  at  the  end  of  August 
were  71,522  units,  substantially  more  than 
the  total  of  56,289  a  year  earlier. 


U.S.  Housing  Starts 
Decline  in  September 

Housing  starts  in  the  United  States 
totalled  92,000  in  September,  2,000  fewer 
than  in  August  and  8,800  below  the 
September  1952  figure,  according  to 
preliminary  estimates  of  the  U.S.  Labor 
Department's  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 

Although  private  housing  starts  have 
been  declining  for  the  five  months  since 
the  peak  of  107,400  in  April,  the  total  for 
the  first  three-quarters  of  1953  exceeded 
that  for  any  January-September  period 
except  in  the  record  year   1950. 

All  of  the  1952-53  gain  in  private  housing 
occurred  in  the  first  half  of  this  year. 
Totals  for  the  first  and  second  quarters 
were  ahead  of  the  1952  quarters  by  5  and 
7  per  cent,  respectively;  but  in  the  third 
quarter  of  1953,  private  volume  was  7  per 
cent   below   that   for  July-September    1952. 


CBC  Citizens9   Forum 
Schedules  Labour  Topics 

Several  topics  of  interest  to  labour  have 
been  chosen  as  subjects  for  discussion  on 
Citizens'  Forum,  a  Thursday  night  presen- 
tation on  the  CBC  Trans-Canada  network. 
Some  of  these  are :  "Is  the  White-Collar 
Worker  the  Forgotten  Man"  (January  21). 
"Our  Aid  to  Underdeveloped  Countries" 
(February  4),  "Trade,  Not  Aid"  (February 
18),  "What  Health  Plan  for  Canadians?" 
(March  4),  "Can  We  Give  Every  Cana- 
dian Child  an  Equal  Opportunity  in 
Education?"  (March  11),  and  "Should 
Labour  Have  the  Right  to  Strike  in  Public 
Services?"  (March  18). 


1601 


Hourly   Pay   Declines   Here. 
Sets   Record    In    L.S. 

Average  hourly  earnings  in  Canadian 
manufacturing  declined  by  0-2  cents 
between  July  1  and  August  1.  the  Dominion 
Bureau  of  Statistics  has  reported.  At  the 
same  time,  the  length  of  the  work  week 
declined  by  0-3  hours. 

The  latest  earnings  were  SI. 36  per  hour 
and  S55.76  per  week,  and  the  average  hours 
worked.  41-0. 

In  the  United  States,  average  hourly 
earnings  of  factory  production  workers  at 
mid- July  were  at  a  record  level  of  SI. 77. 
including  overtime  and  other  premium  pay, 
the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics.  U.S. 
Department   of  Labor,  announced. 

The  manufacturing  work  week  in  the 
United  States  declined  by  three-quarters 
of  an  hour  to  40-4  hours  between  mid- 
June  and  mid-July. 

In  the  United  Kingdom,  the  latest 
survey  of  earnings  and  hours,  in  April  this 
year,  showed  that  the  average  weekly 
earnings  of  workers  in  manufacturing 
industries  was  157>.  7d.  (approximately 
S22). 

Canada's  average  weekly  wages  ar 
August  1  were  5-2  per  cent  higher  than 
at  the  same  date  last  year.  In  the  United 
States,  the  mid-July  gross  hourly  pay 
figure  represented  a  gain  of  21  per  cent 
during  the  three  years  of  the  Korean  War. 
In  the  Lnited  Kingdom,  average  weekly 
earnings  rose  196  per  cent  between 
October    1938.   and   April   this   year. 


Average   Weekly   Earnings 
At   \ew   PeaU    In    1952 

Average  weekly  earnings  of  Canadian- 
employed  in  manufacturing  reached  a  new 
peak  of  S58.30  last  year.  7-6  per  cent  better 
than  the  1951  high  of  S54.18  and  more  than 
70  per  cent  above  the  1946  average  of 
S34.25.  according  to  the  annual  report  of 
the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics  on 
earnings  and  hours  of  work  in  manu- 
facturing* 

At  the  same  time,  the  average  hours 
worked  per  week  rose  by  0-4  hours 
43-4  hours  for  men.  by  1-7  hours  to  39-6 
hours  for  women,  and  by  0-6  hours  to  42-6 
hours  for  both  sexes.  The  working  time 
of  salaried  personnel  showed  little  change, 
the  average  dropping  slightly  to  39-4  hours 
from  39-5  hours  in  1951. 

Average  hourly  earnings  again  rose  to 
new  record  levels.  For  both  sexes  the 
average    increased    to    SI. 30    from    SI. 22    in 


1951.  with   the  average   for   nun  advancing 
to    SI. 40    from    S1.31    and    the    average    for 

women  to  86  from  83  cents. 

The  DBS  report  was  based  on  nation- 
wide surveys  taken  in  the  last  week  of 
October.  It  shows  that  last  year's  inci 
in  average  weekly  earnings  in  the  durable 
goods  industries  was  8-0  per  cent,  the 
average  advancing  to  S63.20  from  S58.53  in 
1951;  in  the  non-durable  goods  industries 
it  was  6-8  per  cent,  the  average  rising 
from  S50.05  to  S53.47. 

Manufacturers  of  durable  goods  employed 
50-1  per  cent  of  all  wage-earners  in  manu- 
facturing in  1952,  compared  with  49-3  per 
cent  in  1951.  Manufacturer-  of  non- 
durable goods  employed  52-2  per  cent  of 
all  salaried  employees,  compared  with  53-4 
per  cent  the  preceding  year. 

Female  wage-earners  in  1952  formed  21-4 
per  cent  compared  with  20-7  per  cent  in 
1951  and  22-6  per  cent  in  1950.  The  pro- 
portion of  female  salaried  workers  fell  to 
28-7  from  29-6  per  cent. 


*Earnings  and  Hours  of  Work  in  Manufac- 
turing, 1952,  price:  40  cents. 


l/JHW   To   Vote   3rd    Time 
On   \o-Increase   Contract 

"While  delegates  to  the  convention  of 
District  26.  United  Mine  Workers  of 
America  (CCL).  last  month  approved  a 
two-year  contract  providing  for  no  change 
in  basic  wage  rates  proposed  by  a  concilia- 
tion board,  they  would  not  granl 
union's  executive  power  to  sign  the  agree- 
ment without  prior  ratification  by  men. 

A-  a  result,  a  third  referendum  will  be 
conducted  among  all  District  26  member-. 
Twice  before,  the  miners  rejected  the 
executive's  recommendation  that  the  no- 
increase  contract  be  accepted.  The  d<  le- 
gates voted  54  to  7  in  favour  of  the 
referendum. 

The  report  of  the  union's  policy  com- 
mittee, which  recommended  the  referendum, 
also   called   on  the  executive   to:  — 

1.  Make  new  wage  requests  if  condition- 
in  the   Maritime  coal  industry  improve. 

2.  Continue  to  press  for  a  national  fuel 
policy  that  will  provide  markets  for  Cana- 
dian coal. 

3.  Work  for  an  improved  pen-ion  scheme. 

4.  Strive  for  better  understanding  be- 
tween miners  and  management  in  collieries 
where   mechanization    threaten-;   layoffs. 

The  two-year  contract  proposed  by  a 
conciliation  board,  which  management  has 
already  accepted,  while  it  does  not  provide 
for  a  wage  increase,  contain-  a  mainte- 
nance of  membership  clau-t  for  the  first 
time  in  UMW  history  in  the  Maritimi  - 


1602 


Colombo   Plan's   Progress 
Reviewed   at   Conference 

Progress  under  the  Colombo  Plan  during 
1952-53  was  reviewed  recently  by  a  16- 
nation  conference  at  New  Delhi,  India. 
The  next  meeting  will  be  held  in  Canada 
in  September  1954. 

A  report  adopted  unanimously  by  the 
conference,  which  acts  as  the  Colombo 
Plan  Consultative  Committee,  noted  that 
there  has  been  considerable  progress  in 
development  programs  in  south  and  south- 
east Asia,  especially  in  agriculture,  irriga- 
tion, power  and  transportation. 

The  Colombo  Plan  was  originated  at  a 
conference  of  Commonwealth  foreign  min- 
isters in  Colombo  in  1950.  It  provides  for 
six-year  development  programs  for  India, 
Pakistan,  Ceylon,  Malaya,  Singapore. 
British  North  Borneo,  Brunei  and  Sarawak. 

Benefits   of   Plan 

In  India,  said  the  report,  irrigation  works 
benefited  3-5  million  acres  of  land  during 
1952-53.  About  510,000  acres  of  land  were 
reclaimed.  Production  of  food  increased  by 
nearlv  5  million  tons  as  compared  with 
1951-52. 

A  considerable  amount  of  land  in  Burma 
has  been  reclaimed  and  cultivated.  An  oil 
refinery  and  a  small  sulphuric  acid  plant 
are  nearing  completion. 

In  Ceylon  about  20,000  acres  of  land  have 
been  irrigated  and  opened  up.  Develop- 
ment of  fisheries  and  hydro-electric  power 
is  continuing  and  Colombo  harbour  is  being- 
improved. 

Imports  of  rice  into  Indonesia  were 
reduced  from  600,000  tons  in  1951-52  to 
300,000  tons  in  1952-53.  Rural  education 
centres  have  been  set  up.  Nearly  one 
million  miles  of  irrigation  canals  have  been 
constructed.  The  fishing  fleet  is  being 
motorized  and  petroleum  production 
increased. 

More  than  400,000  squatters  in  the 
Federation  of  Malaya  have  been  resettled. 
Irrigation  of  50.000  acres  of  rice  land  has 
been  completed.  The  first  stage  of  an 
electric  power  station  has  been  built. 

In  Singapore  a  power  station,  an  airport 
and  housing  schemes  are  being  developed. 

Irrigation  and  power  projects  made 
progress  in  Pakistan.  The  countiw's  cotton 
industry  has  been  expanded. 

Air  and  road  transportation  have  been 
improved  in  Sarawak,  North  Borneo  and 
Nepal.  North  Borneo  has  also  made 
progress  with  irrigation  and  housing. 


The  rice-growing .  area  in  Viet-Nam  has 
been  increased  by  nearly  500,000  acres  since 
1951.  The  output  of  coal  increased  from 
638,000  tons  in  1951  to  894.000  tons  in  1952. 

Representation 

Countries  represented  at  the  New  Delhi 
conference1  were:  Australia,  Burma,  Cam- 
bodia, Canada,  Ceylon,  India,  Indonesia, 
Laos,  Nepal,  New  Zealand,  Pakistan,  the 
United  Kingdom,  Malaya,  Singapore,  the 
United  States,  and  Viet-Nam.  Thailand 
and  the  International  Bank  of  Reconstruc- 
tion and  Development  were  represented  by 
observers. 

The  conference's  report  revealed  that  since 
the  end  of  1950,  more  than  $1,000,000,000 
in  assistance  has  come  from  Canada,  the 
United  States,  Australia,  New  Zealand  and 
the  World  Bank. 


Only    1    in   14,000   WorUers 
Unemployed   in   IV.Z. 

Only  one  person  was  registered  as  unem- 
ployed for  every  14,000  in  employment  in 
New  Zealand  in  April  this  year,  according 
to  that  country's  Economic  Survey,  195S. 

Although  the  labour  shortage  eased 
slightly  last  year,  there  are  still  many 
unfilled  vacancies  throughout  the  country. 
In  April,  vacancies  were  one  for  every  35 
.employed.  Unemployment  in  April  totalled 
56  persons,  vacancies  were  20,400  and  the 
total  labour  force  was  770,000. 

The  survey  states  that  changed  condi- 
tions over  the  past  few  3'ears  have  shown 
the  labour  force  to  be  reasonably  flexible. 
Moderately  large  changes  in  employment 
can  take  place  without  giving  rise  to 
significant  unemployment  in  the  process. 

The  main  industry  losing  workers  has 
been  the  textile  and  clothing  industry, 
where  employment  fell  by  approximately 
2.500  between  April  1951  and  April  1953. 

Definition    of   "Dumping" 
May   iVeecl   Change:   Abbott 

The  definition  of  "dumping"  given  in 
the  Customs  Act  may  require  revision,  Hon. 
Douglas  Abbott,  Minister  of  Finance,  told 
a  meeting  of  the  Montreal  Board  of  Trade 
Associates  last  month. 

He  was  replying  to  a  questioner  who 
asserted  that  dumping  of  textiles  was 
causing  unemployment  and  hardship,  par- 
ticularly in  Ontario   and   Quebec. 

"It  may  be  that  the  definition  of  dumping 
requires  some  revision,"  Mr.  Abbott  said. 


80153—3 


1603 


Co-Op    Ranks   at   Arvida 
Garner   Retroactive   Pay 

More  than  $300,000  received  in  retro- 
active payments  has  been  deposited  in  four 
caisses  populaires  (Co-operative  People's 
Banks)  by  the  members  of  the  Arvida 
Aluminium  Syndicate  (CCCL),  following  a 
campaign  undertaken  among  the  wives  of 
union  men  for  the  purpose  of  encouraging 
working  people  to  save  money. 

An  inquiry  made  in  four  caisses  popu- 
laires shortly  after  the  signing  of  a  new 
collective  agreement  that  resulted  in  the 
payment  of  the  retroactive  pay  revealed 
that  200  new  members  have  entered  their 
names  with  these  people's  banks  and  that 
more   than   $300,000  has  been   deposited. 

Encouraged  by  this  initial  success,  the 
officers  of  the  syndicate  immediately 
launched  a  second  campaign  among  the 
wives,  this  time  for  the  purpose  of  setting 
up  a  women  consumers'  league  at  Jon- 
quiere  and  at  Kenogami. 

The  principal  objectives  of  this  move- 
ment are  to  encourage  co-operation,  to 
obtain  more  favourable  prices  through 
agreements  with  the  merchants  and  to 
encourage  the  keeping  of  a  family  budget. 

It  is  intended  to  extend  this  movement 
later  to   other  near-by  centres. 

The  men  behind  these  two  campaigns 
are  Adrien  Plourde,  President  of  the 
Aluminium  Employees'  Syndicate,  and 
Philippe  Girard,  CCCL  organizer. 

Canadian  Co-Operatives 
Have  Record   Year 

During  the  year  ended  July  31,  1952, 
Canadian  co-operatives  reported  the  largest 
volume  of  business  ever  transacted  in  this 
country,  according  to  the  annual  report  on 
co-operatives  prepared  by  J.  E.  O'Meara, 
Economics  Division,  Department  of  Agri- 
culture. Total  business  done  by  the  2,616 
associations  reporting  amounted  to 
$1,219,253,850,  an  increase  of  $202-7  million 
over  the  total  reported  in  1950-51.  Prior 
to  the  year  covered  in  the  report  the 
largest  volume  reported  was  in  1949-50  but 
this  was  $180  million  less  despite  the  fact 
that  fewer  co-operatives  reported  for  1952. 

Co-operatives  in  every  province  west  of 
Quebec  reported  increases  in  the  sales 
volume  of  farm  products  marketed.  In  the 
East,  Prince  Edward  Island  was  the  only 
province  to  report  an  increase  but  in  the 
other  provinces  the  decrease  in  volume  was 
relatively  small.  All  provinces  except 
Alberta  and  New  Brunswick  reported  in- 
creases in  sales  of  merchandise  and  supplies. 


Financial    Structure 

In  analysing  the  financial  structure  of 
Canadian  co-operatives  the  report  points 
out  that  the  member  equity  in  relation  to 
general  liabilities  indicates  that  for  every 
dollar  of  capital  provided  by  creditors  there 
is  only  91  cents  of  member-owned  capital. 
This  cannot  be  considered  a  favourable 
position  and  the  ratio  has  been  deteriorat- 
ing steadily  since  1948.  In  that  year  there 
was  $1.22  of  member  capital  for  every 
dollar  of  outside  capital. 


I'.S.   Labor  Department 
Issues  Annual  Report 

The  Annual  Report  of  the  United  States 
Secretary  of  Labor  to  Congress  on  the 
work  of  the  Department  of  Labor  for  the 
fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1952,  is  now 
available. 

About  a  quarter  of  the  report  is  devoted 
to  a  summary  by  the  Secretary  of  Labor 
setting  out  in  a  general  way  the  duties 
and  purposes  of  the  Department  and  the 
manner  in  which  they  were  carried  out 
during  the  year.  Emphasis  is  placed  on 
the  work  of  the  Department  in  developing 
and  implementing  manpower  policies  deter- 
mined by  the  National  Manpower  Policy 
Committee  functioning  under  the  Office  of 
Defence  Mobilization. 

This  summary  is  followed  by  reports  of 
bureaus  and  offices  giving  more  specific 
details  about  the  programs  for  which  each 
was  responsible.  Among  these  are  the 
Bureau  of  Apprenticeship,  the  Bureau  of 
Employees'  Compensation  (administering 
legislation  providing  compensation  to 
federal  government  employees  injured  in 
the  performance  of  duty),  the  Bureau  of 
Employment  Security,  the  Bureau  of  Labor 
Standards,  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics, 
the  Wage  and  Hour  and  Public  Contracts 
Division,  which  administer  the  Fair  Labor 
Standards  Act  and  the  Walsh-Healey 
Public  Contracts  Act,  and  the  Women's 
Bureau. 


Technical   Engineers 
Affiliate   With   TLC 

The  American  Federation  of  Technical 
Engineers  has  affiliated  with  the  Trades 
and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada. 

Now  undertaking  a  membership  drive  in 
Canada,  the  organization  already  has  three 
locals  in  Ontario,  two  at  Peterborough  and 
one  at  Deep  River. 


1604 


Injunction    Imposes   Truce 
In  Eastern   U.S.   Ports 

An  uneasy  truce  has  settled  over  the 
east  coast  harbours  of  the  United  States 
following  a  series  of  developments  since 
the  International  Longshoremen's  Associa- 
tion was  expelled  from  the  American 
Federation  of  Labour  in  September  (see 
p.  1617). 

The  ILA,  fighting  to  keep  its  control  of 
organized  dock  workers,  on  October  1 
called  a  strike  that  tied  up  port  facilities 
from  Portland,  Me.,  to  Hampton  Roads, 
Va.  ILA  contracts  with  shipping  com- 
panies expired  on  that  date. 

The  same  day,  President  Eisenhower 
issued  an  executive  order  stating  that  the 
national  health  and  safety  was  being 
jeopardized.  He  invoked  the  Taft-Hartley 
Act  and  set  up  a  three-man  board  of 
inquiry.  On  October  6,  a  ten-day  injunc- 
tion was  issued  under  the  law,  starting  the 
striking  longshoremen  and  supporting  tug- 
boat crewmen  back  to  work. 

The  injunction  was  later  extended  to  the 
full  80-day  period  allowable  under  the  law. 
It  expires  December  24. 

In  the  meantime,  the  AFL  is  reported 
to  be  working  with  the  Governor  of  New 
York  State,  Thomas  E.  Dewey,  to  block 
the  signing  of  a  new  contract  between  the 
ILA  and  the  New  York  Shipping  Associa- 
tion, representing  employers.  The  new 
AFL  dock  union  is  attempting  to  win  over 
locals  of  the  longshoremen's  union  from  the 
leadership  of  ILA  President  J.  P.  Ryan. 

The  AFL  has  requested  a  National 
Labour  Relations  Board  certification  vote. 
It  is  not  yet  decided  when  it  will  be  held. 

Until  negotiations  broke  down,  the 
shipping  companies  were  offering  a  pay 
increase  of  8^  cents  per  hour.  Of  this,  6^ 
cents  were  to  go  in  wages  and  two  cents 
in  increased  welfare  benefits.  The  union  is 
holding  out  for  13^  cents  per  hour:  ten 
cents  in  wages,  three  cents  for  welfare  and 
one-half  cent  to  pay  the  expenses  of  an 
industry  arbitrator  with  authority  to  fine 
either  side  for  contract  violations.  The 
companies  also  agreed  to  the  arbitrator. 

The  new  AFL  union  has  made  attempts 
to  enter  negotiations.  It  is  demanding  a 
wage  increase  higher  than  the  ILA's  13^ 
cents,  plus  the  guaranteed  eight-hour  day 
the  rival  group  is  seeking.  The  employers 
have  refused  to  bargain  with  the  AFL 
union  because  it  has  not  yet  been  certified. 

Other  elements  in  the  tense  situation  are 
these: — 

The  Waterfront  Commission,  set  up 
earlier  to  administer  the  recommendations 


of  the  New  York-New  Jersey  Crime 
Commission  (L.G.,  Aug.,  p.  1143).  will 
have,  after  December  1,  the  right  to 
decide  who  works  on  the  waterfront.  It 
will  set  up  state  employment  centres  at 
which  all  dock  workers  will  be  required  to 
register.  Persons  with  criminal  records  will 
be  turned  away.  The  Commission  will 
also  license  all  stevedoring  companies,  all 
pier  superintendents  and  all  employment 
agents.  The  shape-up  system  of  employ- 
ment and  the  business  of  public  loading 
will  become  illegal. 

The  ILA  is  currently  fighting  these 
measures  in  the  United  States  federal 
courts,  questioning  them  on  constitutional 
grounds. 

After  December  24,  the  ILA  can  legally 
resume  its  strike  if  no  contract  has  been 
signed  and  if  neither  union  has  been 
definitely  certified  in  a  Government- 
supervised  vote. 


Results   of  N.lfm   Survey 
Similar  to   Canadian 

A  recent  survey  of  earnings  of  office 
workers  in  New  York  State  has  revealed 
the  same  general  situation  as  that  shown 
in  a  similar  survey  in  Canada  (L.G., 
June,  p.  846). 

The  Division  of  Employment  of  the 
New  York  State  Department  of  Labor 
reports  that  earnings  of  office  workers  in 
manufacturing  establishments  in  the  state 
increased  less  in  1952  than  in  1951.  Also, 
the  gain  for  non-supervisory  office  workers 
was  less  than  the  gain  for  production 
workers. 

From  November  1951  to  November  1952, 
gross  average  weekly  earnings  of  super- 
visory office  workers  increased  6-2  per 
cent.  Those  of  non-supervisory  office 
workers  rose  4-4  per  cent,  while  those  of 
production  workers  rose  5-5  per  cent. 

The  survey  is  based  on  returns  from 
3,879  establishments  that  employed  a  total 
of  885,806  workers  in   November   1952. 


Income  payments  to  individuals  in  the 
United  States  increased  five  per  cent  in 
1952. 

The  U.S.  Department  of  Commerce  has 
reported  that  total  income  payments 
climbed  from  $243,000,000,000  in  1951  to 
$255,000,000,000  last  year.  These  payments 
are  the  current  income,  before  deduction 
of  taxes,  received  by  individuals  from  all 
sources. 


80153—31 


1605 


First   N.Y.   State   Labour 
Law   Passed   Century   Ago 

( )no  hundred  years  ago,  New  York  State 
passed  its  first  labour  law.  On  July  21, 
1853,  the  legislature  decreed  that  "ten 
hours  shall  be  deemed  a  day's  work,  in  the 
absence  of  any  agreement,  for  mechanics 
and  labourers  on  all  public  works  in  this 
state". 

Although  the  law  applied  only  to 
workers  hired  by  private  employers  carry- 
ing out  public  work  projects,  it  led  the 
way  to  many  reforms  in  hours,  wages, 
working  conditions  and  employment  of 
women  and  children  throughout  the  manu- 
facturing  and   mercantile   industries 

Apart  from  a  law  passed  in  1881  requiring 
that  seats  be  provided  for  women  in 
factories,  the  legislature  made  no  further 
move  in  the  field  of  labour  legislation  until 
1883,  when  it  established  a  Bureau  of 
Labour  Statistics.  Since  then  the  principle 
of  no  legislation  without  investigation  has 
been  the  policy  of  the  New  York  State 
Labour  Department,  says  an  article  in  the 
September  issue  of  Industrial  Bulletin,  the 
Department's  monthly  news  magazine. 

The  present  Division  of  Research  and 
Statistics,  the  outgrowth  of  the  old  Bureau, 
undertakes  investigations  into  the  employ- 
ment patterns  and  working  conditions 
prevailing  in  the  state's  industries  and 
recommends  laws  designed  to  abolish  con- 
ditions detrimental  to  the  safety,  health 
and  security  of  the  workers. 

In  1884  the  Bureau  made  an  investigation 
of  child  labour,  which  resulted  in  the 
passage  of  New  York's  first  factory  law. 
This  law  regulated  hours  of  work  for 
minors  and  women.  Later  the  Factory  Act 
was  amended  to  include  safety  regulations. 

An  industry-wide  safety  program  was 
initiated  in  1911,  after  a  fire  took  the  lives 
of  145  workers  in  a  shirt  factory.  This 
program  included  code  regulations  applying 
to  hazardous  situations  in  specific  indus- 
tries. The  result  is  the  present  Industrial 
Code. 

Other  items  in  the  history  of  labour 
legislation  in  New  York  State  are:  the 
establishment  in  1886  of  a  Board  of 
Mediation  and  Arbitration,  resulting  in  the 
present  Labour  Relations  Board;  a  com- 
mission set  up  in  1895  to  study  working 
conditions  of  women  and  children,  the  first 
of  many  to  have  equal  representation  from 
labour,  management  and  the  public;  a 
Public  Employment  Service  established  in 
1896;  an  act  of  1909  providing  one  day  of 
rest  in  every  seven  for  all  workers;  and 
the  first  minimum  wage  laws  in  the  United 
States,  passed  in  the  early  1930 's. 


The  present  New  York  State  Depart- 
ment of  Labour  was  established  in  1901. 
the  first  labour  department  in  any  state 
in  the  country.  Workmen's  compensation 
was  instituted  in  1913,  equal  pay  laws  in 
1944,  and  anti-discrimination  measures  in 
1942  and  1945. 


False   Non-Communist 
Oath   Voids   Certification 

For  the  first  time  in  its  history,  the 
National  Labour  Relations  Board  in  the 
United  States  has  cancelled  a  local  union's 
bargaining  rights  on  the  ground  that  one  of 
its  officers  made  false  statements  regarding 
Communist  affiliations. 

A  local  of  the  International  Fur  and 
Leather  Workers  Union  recently  had  its 
certification  revoked  as  bargaining  agent  at 
the  Am-O-Krome  Company  in  Cincinnati. 
after  its  secretary-treasurer  pleaded  guilty 
in  a  federal  district  court  to  lying  to 
government  agents  when  he  denied 
Communist  ties. 

Shortly  after,  the  NLRB  announced  a 
new  policy  whereby  unions  in  the  United 
States  will  be  prevented  from  taking  part 
in  collective  bargaining  elections  if  any  of 
their  officers  are  under  indictment  for  filing 
false  non-Communist  affidavits.  The  policy 
will  apply  unless  another  union  is  involved 
in  the  case  or  unless  holding  up  action 
would  go  against  the  interests  of  the 
employer  or  another  union. 

The  Taft-Hartley  Act.  at  present  the 
basic  labour  law  in  the  Lmited  States. 
prohibits  a  union  from  using  NLRB  ser- 
vices until  its  officers  have  filed  formal 
statements  that  they  are  not  Communists. 

In  Canada  in  1952,  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Nova  Scotia  quashed  an  order  of  the 
Nova  Scotia  Labour  Relations  Board 
refusing  certification,  on  the  ground  that 
one  of  its  officers  was  a  Communist,  to 
Local  18  of  the  Industrial  Union  of  Marine 
and  Shipbuilding  Workers  of  Canada.  The 
Court  ordered  the  Board  to  reconsider  the 
union  application  (L.G.,  July  1952,  p.  937). 
This  ruling  was  upheld  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Canada  June  8.  1953  (L.G..  July. 
p.  984). 

In  another  case  in  1950.  the  Canada 
Labour  Relations  Board  revoked  the 
certification  of  the  Canadian  Seamens' 
Union  on  the  ground,  in  part,  that  it  was 
a  Communist-dominated  organization  (L.G., 
1951.  p.  190).  This  ruling  was  upheld  by 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Ontario  in  1951 
(L.G.,   1951.   p.  697). 


1606 


Degree   of   Unionization 
In   U.S.   Cities   Surveyed 

Throe-fourths  of  the  plant  workers  and 
about  one-seventh  of  the  office  workers 
in  39  of  the  largest  production  centres  in 
the  United  States  were  found  to  be 
unionized  in  a  survey  made  recently  by 
the  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics* 

In  southern  cities  nearly  one-half  of  the 
plant  employees  and  one-tenth  of  the  office 
staffs  were  covered  by  union  contracts, 
while  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  and  far 
western  cities,  more  than  four-fifths  of 
plant  workers  and  about  one-fifth  of  office 
workers  were  covered. 

Among  the  six  broad  industry  groups 
surveyed,  the  degree  of  unionization  varied 
widely,  being  most  complete  in  the  trans- 
portation (except  railroad)  and  public 
utility  fields. 

Detroit,  Pittsburgh,  San  Francisco- 
Oakland  and  Seattle  were  the  cities  in 
which  organization  was  most  general,  with 
90  per  cent  or  more  of  the  plant  workers 
in  unionized  concerns.  In  another  13  areas, 
most  of  them  located  in  the  Middle  West 
and  the  East,  the  proportion  was  between 
75  and  89  per  cent.  Some  of  the  cities  in 
this  group  were  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
Cleveland  and  Los  Angeles. 

In  Boston,  Chicago,  Cincinnati,  Rich- 
mond and  11  other  cities  the  proportion 
of  workers  in  organized  companies  was 
from  50  to  74  per  cent. 

Organization  was  found  to  be  least  wide- 
spread in  the  South.  Atlanta,  Jacksonville, 
New  Orleans,  Houston  and  Oklahoma  City 
had  between  20  and  49  per  cent  of  their 
workers  under  union  contracts. 

Unionization  of  office  workers  was  highest 
in  Newark-New  Jersey  and  Pittsburgh,  and 
lowest  in  Hartford  and  Columbus. 


1\.Z.   Labour   Force   Grows; 
Population   Gain   Greater 

The  labour  force  in  •  New  Zealand  has 
grown  over  the  last  year  but  is  now  a 
smaller  percentage  of  the  total  population 
than  formerly. 

According  to  the  Economic  Survey  for 
1953,  published  recently  by  the  New 
Zealand  Government,  the  number  of 
persons  gainfully  occupied  or  seeking 
employment  rose  by  15,000  to  almost 
770,000  between  April  1952  and  April  1953. 


At  the  same  time,  however,  the  total 
population  increased  by  about  50,000. 
During  the  year  there  was  a  decrease  in 
the  labour  force  as  a  proportion  of  total 
population:  38  per  cent  in  April  1952  as 
compared  with  37-8  per  cent  in  April  1953. 
In  April  1936  it  was  40-9  per  cent. 

Although  the  labour  force  has  remained 
constant  since  1900,  about  four  persons  out 
of  every  ten,  the  size  of  the  working  age 
group  has  decreased,  largely  because  of  the 
increasing  percentage  of  children  in  the 
population  due  to  the  high  birth  rate  since 
1936.  Also,  there  has  been  an  increase  in 
the  number  of  married  women  with  children 
who  are  not  working. 

Other  causes  of  the  reduction  in  the  size 
of  the  working  population  are  the  trends 
toward  late  school  leaving  age  and  earlier 
retirement. 

The  survey  predicts  a  fairly  steady  rate 
of  increase  in  the  labour  force  over  the 
next  two  decades,  with  the  labour  force 
bearing  about  the  same  relationship  to 
total  population  in  1975  as  it  does  now. 
This  means  an  increase  of  between  40  and 
55  per  cent  in  the  labour  force,  from  the 
present  770,000  to  between  1,100.000  and 
1,200,000  in  1975. 

The  survey  points  out  that  as  the  labour 
force  is  unlikely  to  rise  significantly  faster 
than  the  total  population,  higher  living 
standards  will  depend  on  increased  output 
per  worker. 


*For  information  regarding  organization  of 
plant  workers  in  Canada,  see  Labour  Gazette, 
Feb.,  p.  221. 


Jurisdiction   Over   Marine 
Radio   Won    by   CIO   Union 

Jurisdiction  over  all  forms  of  radio  and 
electronic  communications  on  United  States 
ships  operating  out  of  ports  on  the  Atlantic 
coast  was  won  recently  by  the  American 
Radio  Association  (CIO). 

The  union,  representing  some  2,000  sea- 
going radio  operators,  signed  contracts 
with  most  of  the  201  freighter,  passenger, 
tanker  and  collier  companies  on  the  East 
coast. 

The  contracts  ensure  that  all  radio 
telephones,  radio  teletype  and  radio 
facsimile  units  will  be  under  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  radio  operators.  All  radio  tele- 
phone units  will  be  located  in  radio  rooms 
under  the  complete  control  of  the  radio 
officers,  with  the  agreement  that  they  alone 
will  operate  them. 

In  addition,  the  contracts  provide  raises 
in  wage  and  overtime  rates  and  increased 
pension  and  welfare  payments.  The  con- 
tracts will  run  until  June  1955  on  tankers 
and  until  June  next  year  on  dry-cargo, 
passenger  and  coal-carrying  vessels. 


1607 


Apprenticeship  Training  Advisory  Committee 
and  Provincial  Directors  Hold  Joint  Meeting 


No  quick,  easy  way  exists 
meet  demands  of  Canada's 
Apathy  of  many  employers 

There  is  no  quick  and  easy  method  of 
increasing  the  training  of  skilled  workers 
to  meet  the  demands  of  Canada's  rapid 
industrial  expansion,  it  was  generally  agreed 
at  a  joint  conference  of  the  Apprenticeship 
Advisory  Committee  and  provincial 
Directors  of  Apprenticeship  in  Ottawa  last 
month. 

One  of  the  chief  obstacles  in  the  way  of 
training  more  skilled  workers  was  attributed 
to  apathy  on  the  part  of  many  employers 
towards  training  plans. 

Addressing  the  conference,  Hon.  Milton 
F.  Gregg,  Minister  of  Labour,  urged  that 
all  concerned  with  apprenticeship  training 
in  Canada  combine  efforts  towards  making 
more  training  opportunities  available  and 
encouraging  young  people  to  obtain  the 
skills  that  are  so  important  to  the  develop- 
ment of  Canada  in  the  coming  years 

The  three-day  conference,  the  Apprentice- 
ship Training  Advisory  Committee's  fourth, 
was  held  in  Ottawa  on  October  5-7  and 
was  the  first  at  which  the  Directors  of 
Apprenticeship  for  the  provinces  were 
invited  to  attend.  The  first  and  third  days 
were  under  the  chairmanship  of  Arthur  W. 
Crawford,  Federal  Director  of  Training. 
J.  B.  Metzler,  Deputy  Minister  of  Labour 
for  Ontario,  presided  over  the  second  day's 
session. 

A  prime  objective,  the  conference  agreed, 
is  uniformity  of  standards;  but  it  was 
recognized  that  there  is  no  short-cut  to 
this  goal  and  that  a  long  road  lies  ahead. 
It  is  an  undesirable  situation,  it  was 
pointed  out,  when  a  boy  trained  in  one 
province  is  not  recognized  as  a  qualified 
tradesman  in  another.  One  difficulty  is 
the  obtaining  of  suitable  trade  analyses 
from  which  a  "hard  core"  of  basic  skills 
for  each  trade  can  be  extracted  and  agreed 
upon  by  all  provinces. 

Trade  Analyses 

During  the  discussion  on  the  drawing-up 
of  suitable  trade  analyses,  the  Canadian 
Vocational  Training  Branch,  Federal 
Department  of  Labour,  reported  that  posi- 
tive steps  have  been  taken  in  this  direc- 


to  increase  training  of  skilled  workers  to 
rapid  industrial  expansion,  it  was  agreed, 
towards  training  plans  said  chief  obstacle 

tion.  A  committee  in  British  Columbia 
is  preparing  a  detailed  and  comprehensive 
trade  analysis  of  the  machinist  trade.  It 
is  estimated,  however,  that  the  project  will 
take  about  two  years  to  complete  as  the 
procedure  is  an  exceedingly  complicated 
one,  involving  a  thorough  study  of  every 
process,  operation  and  machine  used  in 
the  trade. 

A  similar  committee  in  Eastern  Canada 
is  working  on  the  carpentiy  trade.  This 
analysis  is  not  expected  to  take  so  long  to 
complete  because  of  the  work  already  done 
by  the  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and 
Joiners  and  other  organizations. 

After  final  revision,  the  analyses  will  be 
distributed  by  the  Training  Branch  to  the 
provinces  for  selection  of  the  units  and 
operations  to  be  included  in  the  "hard 
core"  or  standard. 

Training  Costs 

Concern  was  expressed  with  the  growing 
costs  to  the  provinces  and  the  Federal 
Government  of  training  programs.  Costs 
will  continue  to  rise,  it  was  pointed  out, 
as  more  apprentices  enter  the  trades. 
Figures  were  quoted  showing  that  in  one 
instance  per  capita  costs  of  trades  train- 
ing in  schools  operated  under  federal- 
provincial  agreements  had  risen  by  192 
per  cent  in  eight  years. 

Construction  Industry 

Discussions  arose  out  of  a  number  of 
reports  presented  to  the  meeting,  one  on 
the  Canadian  Construction  Association 
plan  for  field  men.  There  has  been  a 
feeling,  it  was  explained,  that  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Association  are  not  taking 
advantage  of  the  assistance  provided  by 
the  provincial  and  federal  Governments 
in  the  training  of  apprentices.  Conse- 
quently, a  survey  is  being  made  among 
the  Toronto  members  to  find  out  if  the 
appointment  of  field  men  would  help  in 
the  promotion  of  apprenticeship  training 
plans  and  what  are  the  best  means  of 
attaining  this  end. 


1608 


Publicity 

It  was  decided  that  the  publicity 
directed  at  employers  should  be  con- 
tinued and  that  a  publicity  campaign 
directed  at  parents  should  be  initiated. 

Meeting  of  Apprenticeship  Directors 

The  relative  values  of  full-time,  part- 
time,  evening  and  correspondence  courses 
was  discussed  by  the  provincial  Appren- 
ticeship Directors.  The  trend,  it  was 
agreed,  is  towards  full-time  classes  only. 
Correspondence  courses,  it  was  felt,  should 
be  used  only  where  no  other  type  of 
instruction  is"  available  and  when  some 
form  of  supervision  can  be  provided. 

The  question  of  training  for  those  who 
do  not  have  full  competence  in  their 
trades  and  who  are  getting  in  "through 
the  back  door"  came  under  discussion.     It 


was  felt  by  some  that  in  view  of  the 
shortage  of  skilled  workers  an  effort  should 
be  made  to  provide  training  to  raise  the 
skills  of  such  persons.  There  was  some 
difference  of  opinion  as  to  whether  such 
provision  should  be  made  through  provin- 
cial apprenticeship  plans  or  by  some  other 
method  and  no  definite  decision  was 
reached  on  this  point. 


October  25-November  1  was  proclaimed 
"Apprenticeship  Week"  in  New  York  State 
by  Governor  Thomas  E.  Dewey. 

Apprenticeship  training,  said  Mr.  Dewey, 
"makes  for  the  orderly  flow  of  the  economic 
activity  of  the  community,  prepares  the 
young  workers  for  gainful  occupation  and, 
in  times  of  emergency,  provides  the  tools 
of  a  staunch  defence." 


Fatal  Industrial  Accidents  in  Canada* 
during  Second  Quarter  of  1953 


Industrial  fatalities  during  second  quarter  of  1953  numbered  317,  an 
increase  of  16  from  the  previous  quarter,  in  which  301  were  recorded 


There  were  3171  industrial  fatalities  in 
Canada  in  the  second  quarter  of  1953, 
according  to  the  latest  reports  received  by 
the  Department  of  Labour.  This  marks 
an  increase  of  16  fatalities  over  the 
previous  quarter,  in  which  301  were 
recorded,  including  11  in  a  supplementary 
list. 

During  the  quarter  under  review,  four 
accidents  occurred  that  resulted  in  the 
deaths  of  three  or  more  persons  in  each 
case.  On  April  12,  four  prospectors,  three 
employees  of  a  fishing  camp  and  an  air- 
craft pilot  were  killed  near  Lac  Manitou, 
Que.,  when  the  airplane  in  which  they 
were    travelling    crashed    into    a    mountain. 

Four  crew  members  of  an  air  service 
company  were  lost  when  the  plane  in 
which  they  were  travelling  disappeared  on 
a  flight  between  Gander,  Nfld.,  and  Ottawa, 
Ont.,  on  April  18.     At  Rabbit  Lake,  Ont., 


*See  Tables  H-l   and  H-2  at  end   of  book. 

!The  number  of  industrial  fatalities  that 
occurred  during  the  second  quarter  of  1953 
is  probably  greater  than  the  figure  now 
quoted.  Information  on  accidents  which 
occur  but  are  not  reported  in  time  for 
inclusion  in  the  quarterly  articles  is 
recorded  in  supplementary  lists  and  statistics 
are   amended   accordingly. 


four  men  employed  in  the  logging  industry 
worn    drowned    on   April   30,   when   the    tug 


'The  industrial  fatalities  recorded  in 
these  quarterly  articles,  prepared  by  the 
Economics  and  Research  Branch,  are 
those  fatal  accidents  which  involved 
persons  gainfully  employed  and  which 
occurred  during  the  course  of,  or  which 
arose  out  of,  their  employment.  These 
include  deaths  which  resulted  from 
industrial  diseases  as  reported  by  the 
provincial  Workmen's  Compensation 
Boards. 

Statistics  on  industrial  fatalities  are 
compiled  from  reports  received  from  the 
various  Workmen's  Compensation  Boards, 
the  Board  of  Transport  Commissioners 
and  certain  other  official  sources.  News- 
paper reports  are  used  to  supplement 
these  data.  For  those  industries  not 
covered  by  workmen's  compensation  legis- 
lation, newspaper  reports  are  the  Depart- 
ment's only  source  of  information.  It  is 
possible,  therefore,  that  coverage  in  such 
industries  as  agriculture,  fishing  and 
trapping  and  certain  of  the  service  groups 
is  not  as  complete  as  in  those  industries 
which  are  covered  by  compensation  legis- 
lation. Similarly,  a  small  number  of 
traffic  accidents  which  are  in  fact  indus- 
trial accidents  may  be  omitted  from  the 
Department's  records  because  of  lack  of 
information  in  press  reports. 


1609 


White  Bear  disappeared  while  on  a  trip 
to  pick  up  a  log  boom.  On  May  11,  three 
men  normally  employed  as  bushworkers 
were  drowned  at  Rib  Lake,  Ont.  At  the 
time  of  iIh-  accident,  the  men  were  ferry- 
ing their  employer  across  the  lake,  after 
having  spent  the  day  working  at  his 
summer  home. 

Grouped  by  industries,  the  largest  number 
of  fatalities.  58,  was  recorded  in  manu- 
facturing. Of  these,  21  were  in  the  wood 
products  group,  eight  in  each  of  the  paper 
and  transportation  equipment  industries 
and  six  in  iron  and  steel.  In  the  previous 
three  months  there  were  70  fatalities  listed 
in  manufacturing,  including  18  in  iron  and 
si  eel,  14  in  wood  products  and  12  in  the 
transportation    equipment    industry. 

Of  the  47  accidentanl  deaths  reported  in 
the  mining  industry  during  the  quarter 
under  review,  30  occurred  in  metalliferous 
mining,  10  in  coal  mining  and  seven  in 
non-metallic  mining.  In  the  preceding- 
three  months  45  fatalities  were  recorded  in 
mining,  including  25  in  metalliferous 
mining,  12  in  non-metallic  mining  and 
eight   in   coal  mining. 

Forty-two  persons  died  as  a  result  of 
accidents  in  the  transportation  indusi  ry 
during  the  second  quarter  of  1953.  Of 
these,  13  were  in  steam  railways,  12  in 
water  transportation  and  seven  in  air 
transportation.  During  the  previous  three 
months  36  deaths  were  recorded,  of  which 
16  occurred  in  local  and  highway  trans- 
portation, eight  in  steam  railways  and  five 
in  air  transportation. 

There  were  41  industrial  fatalities  in  the 
construction  industry  during  the  quarter 
under  review  of  which  18  occurred  in  build- 
ings and  structures,  14  in  miscellaneous 
construction,  and  nine  in  highway  aad 
bridge  construction.  In  the  previous  three- 
month  period  37  deaths  were  listed,  includ- 
ing 17  in  buildings  and  structures,  12  in 
miscellaneous  construction  and  eight  in 
highway  and  bridge  construction. 


In  the  logging  industry,  41  industrial 
deaths  were  reported  during  the  second 
quarter  of  1953,  compared  with  50  in 
the  previous  three  months.  In  the  second 
quarter  last  year,  38  accidental  deaths 
were  recorded. 

Industrial  deaths  in  the  agriculture 
industry  numbered  34,  compared  with  17 
in  the  first  quarter  and  26  in  the  fourth 
quarter  of  1952. 

In  the  service  industry  there  were  20 
fatalities  during  the  second  quarter,  a 
decrease  of  four  from  the  24  recorded  in 
the  previous  three  months.  In  the  second 
quarter  of  1952,  35  accidental  deaths  were 
recorded. 

An  analysis  of  the  causes  of  the  317 
fatalities  that  occurred  during  the  quarter 
shows  87 — 27  per  cent — of  the  victims  had 
been  involved  in  "collisions,  derailments, 
wrecks,  etc."  Within  this  group  the 
largest  number  of  deaths  (26)  was  caused 
by  watercraft ;  in  the  sub-group  "tractors, 
loadmobiles,  etc."  there  were  19  fatalities; 
aircraft  accidents  were  also  responsible  for 
19  deaths. 

Accidents  which  involved  "being  struck 
by  tools,  machinery,  moving  vehicles  and 
oilier  objects"  accounted  for  81  (25  per 
cent)  of  the  total  deaths  during  the  period. 
These  included  11  fatalities  caused  by 
automobiles  and  trucks  and  nine  as  a 
result  of  landslides  or  cave-ins.  In  the 
classification  "falls  and  slips"  55  deaths 
were  reported.  Of  these,  54  were  caused 
by  falls  to  different    levels. 

By  province  of  occurrence  the  largest 
number  of  fatalities  was  recorded  in 
Ontario,  where  there  were  92.  In  Quebec, 
there  were  77  and  in  British  Columbia  59. 

During  the  quarter  under  review  there 
were  96  fatalities  in  April,  111  in  May  and 
110  in  June. 


Unemployment  Insurance 

(Continued  from  page  1660) 
statutory     holidays,     in     the     second     and 
following    weeks    for    which    the    employee 
does  not  receive  pay. 

Holiday  pay,  received  at  termination  of 
employment,  will  not  deprive  a  claimant 
of  benefit. 

Formerly,  when  a  person  received  money 
(other  than  money  representing  pension 
payments  or  for  overtime)  on  termination 
of  employment,  he  was  not  paid  unem- 
ployment insurance  benefits  until  the 
period    represented    by    the    payment     had 


elapsed.  Now  all  money  so  received  will 
be  disregarded  in  determining  whether  or 
not  a  person  is  unemployed  unless  it  was 
paid  in  return  for  the  worker's  promise 
to  return  to  his  former  employer  when 
required,  in  accordance  with  a  guaranteed 
wage  plan,  for  retirement  leave  credits  or 
in  lieu  of  notice.  In  these  cases,  he  will 
nut  be  entitled  to  unemployment  insur- 
ance benefit  until  the  period  represented 
by  the  money  has  elapsed. 


1610 


New  Brunswick  Federation  of  Labour 
Holds  its  41  f  Annual  Convention 


Province's  housing  situation  comes  under  criticism;  delegates  demand 
low-cost  and  low-rental  homes.  Processing  within  province  of  ores 
recently  found  there  is  urged.   President  Whitebone  wins  20th  term 


The  New  Brunswick  Federation  of 
Labour  held  its  41st  annual  convention  at 
Edmundston  on  September  22-24.  Ninety- 
seven  delegates,  representing  six"  central 
bodies  and  48  local  unions,  dealt  with 
more  than  40  resolutions. 

President's  Report 

New  Brunswick's  housing  situation  came 
in  for  some  criticism  in  President 
James  A.  Whitebone's  annual  report  to 
the  convention.  Although  hundreds  of 
new  homes  are  being  constructed  by  public 
and  private  enterprise,  shortage  of  proper 
housing  remains  a  major  problem  through- 
out the  province,  he  said,  and  urged  the 
delegates  to  give  it  their  earnest  con- 
sideration. 

Turning  then  to  employment  conditions 
in  the  province,  the  President  said  that 
while  statistics  might  lead  some  to  believe 
that  all  is  well  in  this  respect,  those  who 
are  close  to  the  situation  know  that  there 
are  still  too  many  persons  unemployed  or 
under-employed  and  that  prospects  of  full 
employment  are  none  too  good. 

On  the  brighter  side,  however,  he 
referred  to  the  discovery  of  valuable  and 
extensive  mineral  deposits  in  the  province 
and  the  large-scale  mining  developments 
started  in  northern  New  Brunswick.  The 
President  hoped  that  all  phases  of  these 
mining  operations  will  be  kept  within  the 
province  and  so  provide  lucrative  employ- 
ment for  large  numbers. 

Mr.  Whitebone  paid  tribute  to  the  late 
Eugene  R.  Steeves,  a  past  president  and 
life  convention  delegate  and  a  labour 
member  on  the  Workmen's  Compensation 
Board. 

Secretary's  Report 

In  presenting  the  secretary-treasurer's 
report,  George  R.  Melvin  described  the 
Federation's  finances  as  being  in  a  "buoyant 
condition".  Affiliations  and  membership 
showed  a  net  gain  of  three  central  bodies, 
two  local  unions  and  409  members. 

Reports  were  submitted  also  by  Mr. 
Melvin  in  his  capacity  as  delegate   to  the 


68th  convention  of  the  Trades  and  Labour 
Congress  of  Canada,  and  by  Morley 
Roberts,  Personnel  Manager,  Unemploy- 
ment Insurance  Commission,  Eastern 
provinces. 

Speakers 

Minister   of   Labour 

Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  of 
Labour,  emphasized  the  constructive 
nature  of  the  recommendations  "which 
your  national  executive  have  brought 
before  the  federal  Government"  and 
expressed  his  pleasure  in  again  meeting- 
members  of  the  New  Brunswick  Federation 
assembled  "to  consider  the  problems  of 
those  doing  the  work  in  the  province  and 
the  welfare  of  all  its  people." 

Especially,  he  commended  "the  leader- 
ship given  the  Federation  by  Jim  White- 
bone," its  President. 

Outlining  the  major  functions  of  his  own 
responsibility  as  Minister  of  Labour,  Mr. 
Gregg  drew  a  distinction  between  the 
federal  Department  of  Labour  and  the 
Unemployment  Insurance  Commission. 
These  functions  were  "closely  meshed,"  he 
explained,  "but  they  are  two  distinct 
organizations,  represented  in  Parliament 
through  the  Minister  of  Labour." 

Referring  to  the  anti-discrimination 
measure  enacted  by  Parliament  at  its  last 
session,  the  Minister  indicated  how  the 
principle  of  anti-discrimination  is  also  set 
forth  in  federal  government  contracts  and 
in  the  Employment  Service,  and  how  it 
provides  opportunity  for  the  airing  of 
complaints  and  investigation. 

In  this  connection,  the  Minister  pointed 
out  that  while  this  law  is  a  useful  pro- 
cedure, "the  encouragement  of  tolerance 
and  good  will  is  the  part  of  all." 

The  Minister  emphasized  that  while  the 
federal  Government  had  not  yet  put  into 
effect  national  health  insurance,  it  had 
"taken  a  definite  step  to  help  lessen  the 
hardships  of  accident  or  illness  under 
recent  amendments  to  the  Unemployment 
Insurance  Act  whereby  when  a  worker 
drawing  unemployment  insurance  benefit 
then  becomes  sick  his  benefit  goes   on." 


1611 


Hon.   Milton  F.   Gregg 

Satisfied  with  co-operation 


Referring  to  Camp  Gagetown,  a  project 
of  the  National  Defence  Department,  the 
Minister  declared  it  "was  set  down  as 
federal  policy  that  contractors  shall  give 
special  consideration  to  people  thrown  out 
of  work  by  the  camp  being  in  that  area." 
The  next  step  would  be  the  expansion  of 
the  project  with  the  building  of  approach 
roads,  and  the  peak  of  construction  would 
be  reached  in  1955. 

In  conclusion,  congratulating  the  Federa- 
tion on  its  progress,  the  Minister  expressed 
satisfaction  at  the  close  co-operation 
between  the  leaders  of  labour  and  officials 
in  his  Department.  That  this  might  bo 
advanced,    he    had    arranged    that    Horace 


Pettigrove  of  Fredericton,  Regional  Indus- 
trial Relations  Officer,  and  Morley  Roberts. 
Regional  Employment  Officer,  Atlantic 
Region,  Moncton,  and  other  officials  attend 
the  convention,  he  said. 

Provincial   Premier 

Hon.  H.  J.  Flemming,  New  Brunswick's 
Premier,  who  welcomed  the  delegates, 
recounted  some  of  the  difficulties  facing 
the  provincial  Government.  New  Bruns- 
wick, he  said,  has  the  largest  number  of 
miles  of  highway  per  capita  of  any  prov- 
ince to  maintain,  more  bridges  and  more 
ferries.    . 

The  Premier  spoke  of  the  problems  of 
the  New  Brunswick  Electric  Power  Com- 
mission, which  he  termed  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  important  phases  of  the 
Government's  work,  since  it  provides 
electrical  energy  to  the  population  and  is 
the    province's    largest    consumer    of    coal. 

H.   H.  Pettigrove 

The  solid  foundation  of  sound  labour 
relations  is  laid  by  local  union  leadership 
and  management's  personnel  departments 
and  reliance  on  third-party  intervention 
should  be  avoided,  said  Horace  Pettigrove. 
Federal  Department  of  Labour.  He 
singled  out  the  good  record  in  labour 
relations  of  the  province's  pulp  and  paper 
industry  as  an  example  that  has  had  a 
"salutary"  effect  on  many  other  industries. 

Provincial   Minister   of   Labour 

Hon.  A.  E.  Skaling,  provincial  Minister 
of  Labour,  gave  the  conference  an  outline 
of  some  of  the  labour  highlights  of  New 
Brunswick's  last  legislative  program:  enact- 
ment of  Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of  Labour 
legislation;  amendment  to  the  Workmen's 
Compensation  Act  to  provide  for  the 
appointment  of  a  medical  referee  in  claims 
contested     on    medical    grounds;     and    an 


New  Brunswick  Federation  of  Labour  chieftains  in  session  and  out  of  session.  The 
bottom  row  shows  the  head  table  at  the  opening  session  (left  to  right) :  George 
Melvin,  Federation  Secretary  (standing);  L.  P.  Lajoie,  Deputy  Mayor,  Edmundston; 
Hon.  A.  C.  Taylor,  Leader  of  the  Opposition,  New  Brunswick;  Hon.  Edgar  Fournier, 
Chairman,  New  Brunswick  Hydro  Electric  Power  Commission;  James  Whitebone, 
Federation  President;  Edouard  Refuse,  Chairman  of  the  committee  in  charge  of 
convention  arrangements;  Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Federal  Minister  of  Labour;  Hon. 
A.  C.  Skaling,  New  Brunswick  Minister  of  Labour;  Robert  Duncan,  President, 
Edmundston  and  District  Trades  and  Labour  Council.  Among  those  at  the  banquet 
head  table  (upper  rows)  were:  Deputy  Mayor  and  Mrs.  Lajoie,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  White- 
bone,  Hon.  Edgar  Fournier  and  Mrs.  Fournier,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Melvin,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Harry  Colnett,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Refuse,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Duncan,  John  McLcod.  Yice- 
*  President,  Bricklayers,  Masons  and  Plasterers'  International  Union  of  America;  Max 
Swerdlow,  Director  of  Education,  Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada;  V.  Emory. 
Manager,    and    W.    K.    Scott,    Assistant    Supervisor    of    Industrial    Relations.    Fraser 

Companies  Limited,   Edmundston. 


1612 


V.   C.  Phelan 

Matters  of  urgent  ILO  concern 

amendment  to  the  Labour  Relations  Act 
allowing  employees  of  government  boards 
and  commissions  collective  bargaining 
rights. 

In  regard  to  labour  relations,  the  Min- 
ister expressed  anxiety  concerning  "what 
appears  to  be  a  growing  tendency  in 
certain  quarters  to  go  to  conciliation  with- 
out a  real  effort  to  settle  matters  at  issue 
through  direct  collective  bargaining." 
There  is,  he  declared,  no  substitute  for 
direct  negotiations. 

The  Minister  followed  with  a  brief 
account  of  some  of  the  important  events 
within  his  Department  during  the  year. 
Minimum  wages  for  women,  he  said,  were 
increased  by  about  20  per  cent.  Indus- 
trial standards  schedules  were  renewed  and 
strictly  enforced  and  factory  and  boiler 
inspection  extended.  Apprenticeship  has 
continued  to  grow:  681  apprentices  were 
then  in  training  in  20  trades,  he  said. 
Plans  are  being  math1  for  continued 
development    in   this   field. 

V.    C.   Phelan 

V.  C.  Phelan,  Director.  Canada  Branch, 
International  Labour  Organization,  told  the 
delegates  of  the  ILO's  Technical  Assistance 
to  underdeveloped  countries,  which  mat  ten- 
was  of  the  most  urgent  concern  to  the 
ILO.  The  ILO  is  furnishing  such  assist- 
ance in  regard  to  training,  the  co-operative 


movement,  employment  service,  labour 
legislation,  and  other  kindred  matters  to 
a  considerable  number  of  countries  in 
Asia,  South  America,  Africa  and  else- 
where. Experts,  to  assist  the  under- 
developed countries,  have  gone  from 
Canada  and  from  other  developed  areas. 
Mr.  Phelan  pointed  out  that  the  prin- 
cipal aims  of  Technical  Assistance  are  to 
advance  the  welfare  and  living  standards 
of  people  in  underdeveloped  countries, 
while  at  the  same  time  creating  the  possi- 
bilities for  considerably  expanded  world 
trade,  through  an  advance  in  production 
in  the  underdeveloped  areas,  to  the 
eventual  benefit  of  all  countries  through- 
out the  world. 

Other    Speakers 

Announcement  of  a  series  of  weekend 
schools  for  the  study  of  matters  of  labour 
interest  was  made  hy  Max  Swerdlow, 
Director  of  Organization  and  Education  of 
the  TLC.  In  response  to  a  request  from 
the  Moncton  District  Council,  a  school 
was  to  be  held  in  that  city  on 
November  13-15. 

Other  guest  speakers  included  Hon.  A.  C. 
Taylor,  Opposition  Leader  in  the  New 
Brunswick  Legislature;  Hon.  Edgar 
Fournier,  Chairman,  N.B.  Electric  Power 
Commission;  N.  D.  Cochrane,  provincial 
Deputy  Minister  of  Labour;  H.  H.  Petti- 
grove,  Department  of  Labour  Conciliation 
Officer  for  the  Maritimes;  and  F.  C. 
Sherwood,  Chief  Factory  and  Boiler 
Inspector  for  the  province. 

Resolutions 

Declaring  that  recent  discoveries  of 
mineral  deposits  in  New  Brunswick  have 
changed  the  outlook  of  future  development 
within  the  province,  a  resolution  sub- 
mitted by  Lodge  245  of  the  Brotherhood 
of  Railway  Carmen  of  America  called  upon 
the  provincial  Government  to  use  its 
influence  and  power  to  have  minerals 
processed  in  the  province  and  to  offer 
inducements  to  manufacturers  to  establish 
plants  in  the  province,  using  maritime 
labour  and  material  in  the  process. 

"Thousands  of  our  people  in  the  pursuit 
of  farming,  fishing  and  part-time  employ- 
ment," stated  the  resolution,  ''can  only 
maintain  themselves  and  their  families  at 
a  substandard  of  living." 

Provision  of  low-cost  and  low-rental 
homes  was  the  subject  of  two  resolutions. 
One  again  urged  the  federal  Government 
to  accelerate  its  housing  program  and 
recommended  loans  at  three  per  cent  for 
bona   Me  home  builders,  with  a  maximum 


1614 


down  payment  of  ten  per  cent.  It  also 
urged    thai    steps    be    taken    to    encourage 

municipalities  to  enter  into  agreements  for 
the  construction  of  low-cost  homes,  with 
all  modem  facilities  such  as  schools,  play- 
grounds and  paving. 

The  other  resolution  proposed  that  a 
housing  commission  be  set  up  by  the 
provincial  Government  to  study  housing 
needs  in  the  province. 

Amendment  of  the  Unemployment 
Insurance  Act  was  requested  to  require 
an  employer  to  continue  payment  of  an 
injured  worker's  contributions  while  he 
was  on  workmen's  compensation  and  the 
Workmen's  Compensation  Board  to  deduct 
the  injured  worker's  contribution  from  his 
weekly  compensation  and  send  it  to  the 
Unemployment  Insurance  Commission. 
Amendment  to  the  Workmen's  Compensa- 
tion Act  to  authorize  such  action  was 
proposed.  Increased  rates  of  workmen's 
compensation  are  also  sought. 

Other  resolutions   called   for:  — 

Enactment  of  fair  employment  practices 
legislation  in  those  provinces  in  which  it- 
does  not  exist. 

Implementation  of  a  health  insurance 
plan  by  the  provincial  Government, 
assisted    by    the    federal    Government. 

Bargaining  rights  for  federal  and  pro- 
vincial government  employees. 

Provincial  bodies  to  urge  provincial 
Departments  of  Labour  to  issue  a  monthly 
Labour  Gazette,  reporting  agreements  filed, 
conciliation  proceedings,  conciliation  boards 
set  up  and  their  findings,  and  all  labour 
proceedings  in  the  province  which  would 
be  of  value  to  labour  and  management  in 
the   negotiation   of  agreements. 

Legislation  providing  for  a  maximum 
five-day,  40-hour  work  week. 

Forty-hour  work  week  for  all  prevailing- 
rate  employees  at  RCAF  stations  at 
Moncton. 

Holidays  with  pay  (the  Federation  to 
consider  the  appointment  of  a  special 
committee  to  take  up  the  question  of  a 
provincial  vacations  with   pay  act).. 

A  monthly  pension  of  $50  for  persons 
who  because  of  disability  or  infirmity  are 
unable  to  support   themselves. 

In  connection  with  legally-conducted 
strikes,  unions  to  be  given  an  opportunity 
of  being  heard  before  an  injunction  is 
issued. 

A  revised  scale  of  payment  for  Labour 
Relations  Board  and  court  witnesses  and 
for  jury  duty  "more  comparable"  with 
present-day  wages. 


James   A.   Whitebone 

Returned  by  acclamation 

A  time  limit  for  the  handing  down  of 
reports  by   boards   of   conciliation. 

Government  inspection  of  all  steam 
plants    and    licensing    of    their    operators. 

In  the  interest  of  public  safety,  provi- 
sion to  be  made  in  the  Electrical  Energy 
Act   for  the   licensing  of  inside  wiremen. 

Provincial  Government  grants  to  student 
nurses  to  help  to  overcome  the  present 
shortage. 

Provincial  Government  assistance  in 
reforestation  of  areas  depleted  by  fires  or 
other  causes. 

Sale  of  fuel  wood  by  the  cord  instead 
of  by  such  terms  as  "big  load"  and  ship- 
ment and  storage  of  coke  under  weather- 
proof conditions. 

Action  to  bring  about  uniformity 
throughout  the  province  in  the  matter  of 
the  change-over  from  standard  to  daylight 
saving  time. 

Committee  on  Officers'  Reports 

The  Federation  was  commended  by  the 
Committee  on  Officers'  Reports  for  its 
efforts  in  building  up  new  organizations. 
The  Committee  felt,  however,  that  more 
assistance  might  be  given  in  this  regard 
by  the  local  Trades  Councils  and  affiliated 
locals. 


1615 


Brothers  Stafford  and  Doucette  were 
commended  on  their  appointment  and  for 
the  good  work  accomplished  by  them 
during  the  past  year.  The  Committee 
expressed  the  hope  that  they  will  continue 
to  bring  into  the  fold  "backsliders"  and 
organizations  not  affiliated  with  the 
Federation. 

Congratulations  were  extended  to  the 
executive  on  their  efforts  to  bring  about 
labour  legislation  in  keeping  with  trade 
union  principles,  and  to  Secretary  Melvin 
for  bringing  in  a  financial  report  indicating- 
such  a  satisfactory  financial  situation. 


Election  of  Officers 

James  A.  Whitebone  was  returned  by 
acclamation  for  his  20th  term  as  President 
and  George  R.  Melvin  for  his  36th  term 
as  Secretary-Treasurer.  Other  officers 
elected  were :  W.  A.  MacLean,  Firct  Vice- 
president;  W.  A.  MacMillan,  Second 
Vice-president;  and  Edward  Rafuse,  Third 
Vice-president.  George  R.  Melvin  was 
elected  delegate  to  the  next  convention 
of  the  Trades  and  Labour  Congress,  with 
Edward   Charlton   alternate. 

The  Federation's  next  annual  convention 
will  be  he'd   in  Bat  hurst. 


First  Annual  Convention  of  British 

Columbia  Trade  Union  Congress  (TLC) 

Criticism    levelled   at    Canadian   Bar  Association,    province's    Industrial 
Conciliation  and  Arbitration  Act  and  Government's  immigration  policy 


Criticism  of  the  Canadian  Bar  Associa- 
tion and  the  British  Columbia  Industrial 
Conciliation  and  Arbitration  Act  high- 
lighted the  first  convention  of  the  B.C. 
Trade  Union  Congress  in  Vancouver 
October  14  to  16. 

The  Congress  was  set  up  early  this  year 
to  replace  the  TLC  Provincial  Executive 
Committee.  Two  hundred  delegates  repre- 
senting some  70,000  union  members  in  the 
province  attended  the  convention. 

Several  speakers  attacked  the  CBA  for 
a  resolution  it  approved  at  its  recent 
convention  in  Montreal  urging  that  gov- 
ernments ban  strike  action  in  public  utility 
and  similar  industries  (L.G.,  Oct.,  p.  1426). 
Percy  Bengough,  President  of  the  Trades 
and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada,  told  the 
delegates  that  "labour  resents  the  CBA's 
stand  very  strongly." 

John  Bruce,  veteran  labour  leader  from 
Toronto,  charged  the  CBA  with  meddling 
in  union  affairs.  "They  have  seen  fit  to 
stick  their  legal  beaks  in  our  affairs  again. 
We  must  be  on  our  safeguard  against  these 
kind  of  people." 

James  Barton,  President  of  the  Congress, 
warned  the  delegates  to  "stay  away  from 
lawyers". 

The  province's  Industrial  Conciliation 
and  Arbitration  Act  came  in  for  strong 
attack.     Mr.  Bruce  declared: — 

"There  will  never  be  any  freedom  until 
the  ICA  Act  is  abolished  and  we  are 
allowed  to  conduct  our  own  affairs.  We 
must  be  free  to  rule  our  own  organization." 


A  number  of  resolutions  placed  before 
the  delegates  referred  to  changes  in  the 
ICA  Act.  One  called  for  a  six-hour  day, 
five-day  week  with  no  reduction  in  take- 
home  pay.  Others  dealt  with  check-off  of 
union  dues,  adult  education,  early  estab- 
lishment of  a  steel  industry  in  British 
Columbia,  limitation  of  hours  worked  in 
construction  trades,  full  pay  for  statutory 
holidays  not  worked,  construction  of  addi- 
tional housing,  and  revisions  in  the  hours- 
of-work  clauses. 

A  hotly-debated  resolution  charged  that 
immigrants  were  being  lured  to  Canada 
with  false  promises  and  "dumped"  in  areas 
where  no  jobs  exist . 

The  resolutions  committee  recommended 
the  deletion  of  a  clause  stating  that 
"present-day  immigration  laws  are  ridic- 
ulous when  viewed  in  the  light  of  Canada's 
shrinking  economy".  This  recommenda- 
tion was  opposed  from  the  floor,  and  later 
the  whole  resolution  was  referred  back  to 
the  committee. 

R.  K.  Gervin,  Secretary  of  the  Van- 
couver, New  Westminster  and  District 
Trades  and  Labour  Council,  said  the 
Government  is  bringing  immigrants  into 
Canada  and  placing  them  in  areas  by  going 
over  the  head  of  the  National  Employment 
Service. 

Other  views  expressed  were  that  displaced 
persons  and  Commonwealth  citizens  are 
being  told  Canada  is  a  promised  land  with 
no  unemployment  problem,  thai  new 
arrivals    are    squeezing    local    men    out    of 


.1616 


jobs  in  the  already-plugged  auto  industry, 
and  that  new  Canadians  are  taking  jobs 
that  should  be  going  to  men  just  finishing 
out  their  apprenticeship. 

The  delegates  gave  unanimous  approval 
to  a  resolution  which  "favours  wage  in- 
creases, now,  because  such  are  necessary  and 
justifiable  and  are  in  line  with  increased 
productivity  in  Canada".  The  resolution 
charged  that  "employers,  in  negotiations, 
are  seeking  every  pretext  to  throw  the 
burden  of  the  growing  economic  crisis  on 
trade  unions  and  the  working  people 
generally''. 


Other  resolutions  passed  by  the  dele- 
gates asked  that  depreciation  of  tools  and 
equipment  owned  and  used  by  workers  be 
deductible  from  income  taxes,  urged  that 
the  membership  count  of  any  proposed 
union  application  for  certification  be  recog- 
nized at  the  time  of  applying  rather  than 
later  when  an  official  count  is  made,  and 
supported  merger  of  the  AFL  and  the  CIO 
into  one  big  union  in  the  interests  of  unity 
and  the  union  worker. 

All  congress  officials  were  returned  to 
office.  James  Barton  was  re-elected  Presi- 
dent; Tom  Alsbury,  Vice-president;  and 
R.  K.  Gervin.   Secretary-treasurer. 


72n<  Annual  Convention  of  the 

American  Federation  of  Labou 


Delegates  unanimously  approve  no-raiding  pact  with  CIO,  call  for  plan 
to  end  jurisdictional  disputes  in  own  ranks.  International  Longshore- 
men's Association  expelled.  Taft-Hartley  amendments  again  requested 


Moves  towards  labour  unity,  the  expul- 
sion, on  grounds  of  corruption,  of  an 
affiliate  and  strong  critcism  of  the  United 
States  Government's  stand  on  Taft- 
Hartley  amendments  were  highlights  of  the 
72nd  annual  convention  of  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor  in  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
September  21  to  25. 

In  addition,  the  713  delegates  represent- 
ing about  10,000,000  workers  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada  heard  major  speeches 
from  Martin  P.  Durkin,  who  resigned  as 
U.S.  Secretary  of  Labor  in  September; 
Richard  M.  Nixon,  Vice-president  of  the 
United  States;  and  John  Foster  Dulles, 
U.S.  Secretary  of  State.  The  former  U.S. 
President,  Harry  Truman,  also  spoke 
briefly  to  the  convention  and  Mrs.  Oveta 
Culp  Hobby,  Secretary  of  Health,  Educa- 
tion and  Welfare,  spoke  on  the  department 
she  heads. 

The  convention  unanimously  approved  a 
no-raiding  pact  with  the  Congress  of 
Industrial  Organizations. 

The  agreement,  drawn  up  by  the  leaders 
of  the  AFL  and  the  CIO  earlier  in  the 
year,  is  regarded  as  the  first  step  towards 
eventual  merger  of  the  two  labour  organ- 
izations. It  pledges  them  against  raiding 
one  another's  already  organized  territory 
and     provides     for     the     decision     of     an 


umpire  in  all  raiding  attempts.  It  comes 
into  effect  January  1  for  all  unions  sub- 
scribing to   it  individually. 

The  convention  also  instructed  AFL 
leaders  to  draw  up  a  plan  for  ending 
juridictional  disputes  within  the  Federa- 
tion itself.  The  plan  will  not  become 
effective  until  it  has  been  considered  by 
a  special  convention  or  by  the  regular 
convention  in  Los  Angeles  next  year. 

The  International  Longshoremen's  Asso- 
ciation, long  under  fire  by  the  New  York 
State  Crime  Commission  for  harbouring 
criminal  and  racketeering  elements  in  its 
membership,  was  formally  expelled  from 
the  Federation  by  a  vote  of  72,362  for  and 
765  against.  This  is  the  first  time  in  the 
AFL's  history  that  an  affiliate  has  been 
expelled  on  grounds  of  corruption. 

AFL  President  George  Meany  told  the 
delegates  that  he  "couldn't  find  anything 
that  resembled  legitimate  trade  union 
activity"  in  the  dock  workers'  union. 

At  a  pre-convention  meeting,  the  exec- 
utive council  had  voted  to  recommend  the 
ILA's  suspension  from  the  AFL.  The 
64,000-member  union  had  been  affiliated 
with  the  AFL  since  1893. 

Despite  a  personal  appeal  to  the  dele- 
gates by  Joseph  P.  Ryan,  the  union's 
President,  to   have   the   ILA  placed  under 


1617 


AFL  receivership  empowered  to  rid  it  of 
criminal  elements,  the  convention  approved 
the  setting  up  of  a  new  dock  union,  called 
the  International  Longshoremen's  Associa- 
tion (AFL).  It  will  try  to  take  over  all 
ILA  members  wanting  to  remain  in  the 
AFL  and  try  to  take  over  collective 
bargaining  rights  and  welfare  funds  now 
held  by  the  expelled  union. 

The  new  union,  established  while  the 
convention  was  still  in  progress,  will  act 
for  a  time  under  the  trusteeship  of  five 
AFL  officials.  They  are  Mr.  Meany,  Dave 
Beck,  President  of  the  International 
Brotherhood  of  Teamsters,  Paul  Hall, 
Secretary-Treasurer  of  the  Atlantic  and 
Gulf  District  of  the  Seafarers  International 
Union,  William  C.  Doherty,  President  of 
the  National  Association  of  Letter  Carriers, 
and  Albert  J.  Hayes,  President  of  the 
International   Association   of   Machinists. 

At  its  founding,  the  new  union  numbered 
10,000  members,  mostly  from  Great  Lakes 
and  Mississippi  River  ports.  E.  L. 
Slaughter,  a  vice-president  of  the  old  ILA 
and  a  charter  member  of  the  new,  pre- 
dicted that  within  30  days  the  new  union 
would  have  30,000  members. 

The  controversy  over  proposed  amend- 
ments to  the  Taft-Hartley  Act,  which  led 
to  the  resignation  in  September  of  Martin 
P.  Durkin  as  U.S.  Secretary  of  Labor, 
received  a  thorough  airing  at  the  conven- 
tion. However,  the  controversy  was  not 
resolved. 

Mr.  Durkin,  a  delegate  at  the  convention 
in  his  role  as  President  of  the  United 
Association  of  Journeymen  and  Appren- 
tices of  the  Plumbing  and  Pipe  Fitting 
Industry,  said  in  a  speech  that  he  and 
President  Eisenhower  had  agreed  on  19 
specific  amendments  to  be  made  in  the  Act. 
These  were  contained  in  a  message  (White 
House  officials  termed  it  a  "working  paper") 
the  President  was  to  send  to  Congress  on 
July  31.  Senator  Taft  died  that  day,  and 
the  message  was  held  back. 

Later,  said  Mr.  Durkin,  the  President 
informed  him  that  his  position  had  changed 
and  that  he  could  no  longer  go  along  with 
the  amendments.  This  was  his  reason,  said 
the  former  secretary,  for  resigning. 

The  following  day,  U.S.  Vice-President 
Nixon  delivered  a  message  from  President 
Eisenhower  to  the  convention.  The  message 
said  certain  defects  in  the  Taft-Hartley  Act 
were  being  studied  by  a  special  legislative 
committee.  The  objectives  of  this  study, 
said  the  President,  are: — 

To  remedy  defects  which  cause  concern 
on  the  part  of  working  men  and  women 
over  possible  results  or  use  of  the  Act  to 
their  detriment. 


To  insure  administration  of  the  Act  in 
the  manner  that  is  efficient,  speedy  and 
impartial. 

To  allow  freedom  for  the  healthy  growth 
of  trade  unions,  while  respecting  the 
legitimate  rights  of  individual  workers, 
their  employers  and  the  general  public. 

To  work  to  the  end  that  there  be  less 
rather  than  more  government  interference 
in  labour-management  affairs. 

The  President  expressed  regret  that  Mr. 
Durkin's  "wealth  of  knowledge  and  experi- 
ence" would  no  longer  be  available  to  the 
committee,  which,  he  said,  was  in  "sub- 
stantial accord"  on  a  number  of  amend- 
ments. 

"Its  deliberations  are  continuing."  the 
president's  message  stated,  "and  you  can 
be  assured  that  its  members  from  time  to 
time  will  seek  the  counsel  of  your  leaders. 
It  will  make  its  recommendations  to  me 
before  the  end  of  the  year.  These  recom- 
mendations— together  with  such  others  as 
I  may  receive — will  have  my  most  careful 
study.  I  shall  send  my  own  suggestions 
to  the  Congress  at  the  opening  of  its 
session  in  January." 

Mr.  Mean.v  announced  to  the  conven- 
tion that  he  accepted  the  Durkin  version 
of  the  controversy  unreservedly.  The  dele- 
gates unanimously  adopted  a  resolution 
commending  Mr.  Durkin  for  resigning  as 
Secretary  of  Labor,  thereby  refusing  to 
associate  himself  with  "a  breach  of  agree- 
ment" on  the  President's  part. 

Another  resolution  was  adopted  declar- 
ing that  Mr.  Durkin's  action  was  justified 
by  "the  failure  of  the  President  to  keep  his 
agreement  with  his  Secretary  of  Labor  and 
to  recommend  to  Congress  the  agreed-upon 
amendments  to  the  Taft-Hartley  Act." 

Other  resolutions  on  the  subject  stated 
the  disputed  amendments  were  "far  short*' 
of  the  improvements  the  Federation  fell 
necessary,  and  hoped  the  President  would 
recommend  changes  in  the  Act  that  would 
conform  to  his  pre-election  promises  to 
seek  elimination  of  "union-busting" 
provisions. 

In  his  opening  address,  Presidenl  Meany 
stressed  the  international  interests  of  the 
AFL. 

"We  recognize  the  community  of  inter*  sts 
of  every  worker  on  the  face  of  the  earth; 
the  things  that  bother  us  as  workers,  the 
things  we  aspire  to  as  workers  are  the  same 
things  that  the  workers  of  Burma,  of  Japan. 
of  Italy,  and  of  other  lands  bother  about 
and  aspire  to,"  he  said. 

Mr.  Meany  expressed  the  determination 
of  the  Federation   to  "do  what    we   can   to 


1618 


shape  the  foreign  policy  of  our  nation  in 
the  direction  of  world  peace  and  to  build 
up  the  strength  of  the  free  world." 

The  AFL  President,  addressing  the  con- 
vention for  the  first  time  in  his  present 
position,  reiterated  the  AFL's  interest  in 
the  International  Confederation  of  Free 
Trade  Unions  and  in  the  maintenance  of  a 
strong  German  trade  union  movement.  The 
latter  has  been  built  up  since  1946  with 
AFL  assistance. 

Turning  to  domestic  affairs,  Mr.  Meany 
criticized  the  Republican  Administration, 
declaring  that  in  Washington  "very,  very 
definitely  human  values  have  been  sub- 
merged to  the  material  welfare  of  the 
greedy  few." 

Mr.  Meany  urged  that  the  AFL  intensify 
its  political  activities.  He  called  for 
increased  government  housing  to  prevent 
the  United  States  from  becoming  "a  nation 
of  slums",  and  a  continuation  of  high  wages 
and  high  purchasing  power.  He  warned 
that  "our  economy  would  collapse  within 
ten  days"  if  purchasing  power  dropped. 

In  its  report  to  the  convention,  the 
executive  council  urged  all  AFL  unions  to 
press  for  higher  wages  next  year  as  a 
means  of  warding  off  a  "disruptive  depres- 
sion". The  report  called  for  joint  action 
by  labour,  management  and  the  Govern- 
ment to  bolster  the  economy  and  cautioned 
against  the  acceptance  of  a  policy  of  drift- 
ing in  economic  affairs. 

On  foreign  policy  the  council  report 
registered  opposition  to  the  recognition  of 
Communist  China  and  its  admission  to  the 
United  Nations. 

The  delegates  passed  several  resolutions 
on  foreign  affairs  supporting  the  executive 
council's  report.  These  resolutions  called 
on  the  Adenauer  government  of  West 
Germany  to  abstain  from  interference  in 
the  internal  affairs  of  German  unions, 
warned  against  destruction  of  civil  rights 
under  the  guise  of  defending  the  internal 
security  of  the  United  States  against 
Communism,  and  urged  that  the  United 
States  shun  appeasement  in  its  relations 
with  the  Soviet  Union  but  redouble  its 
efforts  toward  effective  international  con- 
trol of  atomic  power. 


John  Foster  Dulles.  U.S.  Secretary  of 
State,  expressed  confidence  that  a  lasting 
peace  could  be  obtained.  He  commended 
the  Federation  for  its  role  in  exposing  the 
notion  that  the  Soviet  system  was  bene- 
ficial to  workers. 

Mr.  Dulles  told  the  delegates  that  the 
world  situation  would  be  "far  worse  than 
it  is  if  it  had  not  been  for  your  timely 
and  vigorous  engagement  in  the  struggle 
for  freedom".  He  said  that  the  high  living 
standards  in  effect  in  the  United  States 
would  always  represent  the  nation's 
greatest  asset  in  routing  the  Soviet 
challenge. 

Former  president  Harry  Truman  paid 
tribute  to  the  late  William  Green,  long- 
time President  of  the  AFL,  at  a  memorial 
service  for  the  former  labour  leader  who 
died  last  November.  Mr.  Truman  received 
a  rousing  reception  from  the  delegates. 

Mrs.  Oveta  Gulp  Hobby,  Secretary  of 
Health,  Education  and  Welfare,  told  the 
convention  that  the  Republican  Adminis- 
tration hoped  to  effect  a  liberalization  of 
the  Social  Security  Act.  She  said  the 
Administration  would  stand  firm  on  its 
program  to  bring  ten  million  additional 
workers  under  one  protection  of  the  old- 
age  insurance  system. 

The  AFL  enlarged  its  executive  council 
by  increasing  from  13  to  15  the  number  of 
vice-presidents.  As  14th  vice-president  the 
delegates  elected  Maurice  A.  Hutcheson, 
President  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of 
Carpenters,  which  returned  to  the  Federa- 
tion after  a  24-day  withdrawal  in  August. 
William  L.  Hutcheson.  President  Emeritus 
of  the  union  and  father  of  Maurice,  had 
up  to  that  time  been  the  AFL's  first 
vice-president. 

The  delegates  also  elected  Albert  J. 
Hayes,  President  of  the  International 
Association  of  Machinists,  to  be  15th  vice- 
president. 

Mr.  Meany  was  elected  to  his  first  full 
term  as  President  of  the  Federation  and 
William  F.  Schnitzler  was  elected  Secretary- 
Treasurer.  Both  had  been  appointed  to 
those  positions  after  the  death  last  Nov- 
ember   of   President    William    Green. 

The  AFL's  1954  convention  will  be  held 
in  Los  Angeles  and  the  1955  convention 
in  Chicago. 


G.  S.  Jones  of  Winnipeg  has  succeeded  Thomas  McGregor,  also  of  Winnipeg,  as 
chairman  of  the  Canadian  Brotherhood  of  Railway  Employees  and  Other  Transport 
Workers'  Western  Region  General  Adjustment  Committee  on  the  hitter's  retirement.  In 
the  October  issue  (p.  1427)  the  Labour  Gazette  erred  in  reporting  that  Mr.  McGregor 
had  been  elected  to  that  post. 


1619 


The  85th  Annual  Conference  of 

Britain's  Trades  Union  Congress 

Delegates  urge  vigorous  attempt  to  force  Government  to  stabilize  cost 
of  living  and  re-introduce  food  subsidies,  reject  demands  for  minimum 
wage  and  national  wages  policy  and  re-affirm  faith  in  nationalization 


Delegates  to  the  85th  British  Trades 
Union  Congress,  held  at  Douglas,  Isle  of 
Man,  September  7-12,  decided  to: — 

1.  Urge  the  General  Council  to  make  a 
vigorous  attempt  to  "force"  the  Govern- 
ment to  stabilize  the  cost  of  living  and  to 
seek  the  re-introduction  of  food  subsidies, 
rejecting  demands  for  a  national  wages 
policy  and  a  minimum  wage. 

2.  Support  the  General  Council  in  its 
stand  on  East-West  trade,  that  expansion 
must  depend  on  direct  improvement  of 
political  relations. 

3.  Re-affirm  faith  in  the  basic  principles 
of  public  ownership  but  cautioning  that 
the  case  must  constantly  be  related  to  the 
overriding  need  of  improvement  of  Britain's 
economic  position  in  the  world. 

4.  Press  for  labour  representation  on  all 
boards  and  commissions  which  affect  labour. 

Jack  Tanner,  of  the  Amalgamated  Engi- 
neering Union,  was  elected  Chairman  of 
the  General  Council  and  30  of  the  35 
members  of  last  year's  Council  were 
returned. 

Guest  speakers  included  David  Morse, 
Director-General,  International  Labour 
Office.  Fraternal  delegates  were:  J.  Scott 
Milne  and  William  A.  Lee,  American 
Federation  of  Labour;  S.  A.  Stephens, 
Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada; 
C.  E.  Wolfe,  J. P.,  Co-operative  Union,  Ltd. 
(Great  Britain) ;  Rt.  Hon.  Arthur  Green- 
wood, M.P.,  British  Labour  Party;  and 
Louis  Major,  International  Confederation 
of  Free  Trade  Unions. 

Attending  the  convention  were  953 
delegates,  from  183  trade  unions,  repre- 
senting an  aggregate  of  8,088,450  trade 
unionists.  Tom  O'Brien,  M.P.,  Chairman 
of  the  General  Council,  presided. 

Presidential  Address 

In  his  presidential  address  to  Congress, 
Tom  O'Brien,  M.P.,  examined  the  present 
status  of  the  British  trade  union  move- 
ment.    Noting  that   in   15  years   Congress 


will  reach  its  centenary,  he  thought  it 
well  to  look  back,  "to  measure  our 
progress,  to  re-examine  our  standards  of 
values,  to  assess  our  achievements  and  to 
check  our  course". 

The  scene  as  surveyed  today,  said  Mr. 
O'Brien,  is  very  different  from  the  old 
days,  when  in  many  industries  and  occu- 
pations Congress  had  no  strength  at  all. 
He  said: — 

We  are  stronger  than  ever.  We  are 
participants,  on  almost  equal  terms,  in 
industry;  we  influence  and  initiate  policy; 
we  are  consulted  and  respected  by  govern- 
ments; we  have  access  to  all  ministries, 
municipalities  and  national   institutions. 

We  have  created  a  human  institution, 
whose  members  are  men  and  women  of  all 
walks  of  life,  united  in  a  determination  to 
enhance  the  quality  of  their  crafts  and 
skill  and  aptitudes  and  to  secure  the 
highest  rewards  possible  for  their  labour. 
Trade  unionism  is  not  an  economic  theory. 
It  is*not  a  system  of  dogmatic  beliefs.  We 
are  what  we  are — a  movement  pledged  to 
protect  the  industrial  interests  of  our  organ- 
ized membership.  And  we  cannot  place 
ourselves  in  pawn.  We  cannot  transfer  our 
functions  to  anyone  or  assign  the  execution 
of   these   functions  to   any   other   body. 

Throughout  its  history  our  movement  has 
maintained  consistently  its  determination  to 
keep  its  independence.  It  has  asserted  its 
right  to  make  its  own  decisions  through 
its  owii  machinery.  It  has  never  subordin- 
ated itself  to  political  parties,  or  taken  its 
instructions  from  governments.  As  a  result, 
its  position,  its  prestige  and  its  influence 
cannot  be  gainsaid.  The  perseverance  of 
generation  after  generation  of  working  men 
and  women  has  established  our  Congress  as 
one  of  the  most  powerful  and  influential 
trade   union   institutions   in   the   world.  .  .  . 

I  say  that  the  fundamental  purpose  and 
aim  of  a  trade  union  movement  in  a 
democracy  is  to  preserve  and  protect  the 
freedom  and  independence  of  its  members, 
so  that  they  may  maintain  and  improve 
their  living  standards  and  safeguard  their 
rights  as  workers  and  free  citizens. 

That  is  why  I  am  convinced  that  the 
British  workers  could  suffer  no  greater  set- 
back than  by  any  diminution  of  the 
authority  and  influence  of  our  trade  union 
movement.  The  development  of  social 
democracy  and  the  solidarity  of  our  collec- 
tive citizenship  have  not  merely  been 
coincidental  with  but  have  arisen  out  of  the 
development  of  a  strong  trade  union 
movement. 


1620 


Economic    Situation 

Mr.  O'Brien  then  referred  briefly  to  the 
economic  situation. 

The  fall  in  prices  of  imported  raw 
materials — cotton,  wool,  tin  and  rubber,  on 
which  the  great  industries  depend — over  the 
past  twelve  months  has,  he  said,  greatly 
eased  the  problem  of  balance  of  payments 
and  has  been  a  "godsend  to  the  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer".  At  the  same  time, 
prices  of  United  Kingdom  exports  have 
remained  relatively  steady.  He  pointed 
out: — 

It  would  be  foolish  to  think  that  a 
favourable  trend  of  this  character  must 
necessarily  continue.  This  situation  could 
change  as  rapidly  as  it  changed  in   1950. 

The  only  effective  way  in  which  we  can 
insure  against  that  is  by  raising  production 
and  increasing  our  exports.  Our  trade  union 
movement  has  to  make  its  full  contribution 
towards  this  end.  No  financial  juggling,  no 
clever  attempts  to  produce  a  popular  Budget 
can  ever  escape  the  obligation  to  raise 
production  and  increase  exports.  This  is  a 
basic  fact  that  persists  whether  the  Govern- 
ment is  Labour  or  Conservative. . . . 

We  must  realize  too  that  the  competitive 
struggle  for  overseas  markets  is  growing 
keener.  Our  competitors  now  include  not  only 
the  United  States,  but  Japan,  Germany  and 
other  European  countries  in  the  field  of 
certain  manufactures.  In  the  export  market 
prices  are  an  important  factor  and  wages 
are  an  important  ingredient  of  prices.  .  .  . 
From  the  narrow  point  of  view  of  the 
nation's  self-interest,  therefore,  our  exports 
must  be  increased.  That  can  only  be  done 
if  prices  are  right  and  if  we  can  deliver 
goods  of  quality  on  time. 

But  this  trade  union  movement  has  never 
been  actuated  solely  by  self-interest.  We  have 
always  taken  our  international  responsi- 
bility in  relation  to  our  colonies  and  the 
Commonwealth. 

Aid   to  the   Colonies 

Mr.  O'Brien  then  referred  to  the  "great 
and  adventurous  developments  that  are 
taking  place — the  Colombo  Plan,  the  Chief 
Joseph  Dam,  the  Volta  River  Project.  He 
declared: — 

If  we  translated  their  names  and  titles 
into  terms  of  human  endeavour  and  human 
sacrifice  we  should  know  better  what  is 
afoot.  If  we  talked  less  of  "malnutrition" 
and  more  of  "hunger" — if  we  forget  about 
"lack  of  resources"  and  talk  of  "poverty"  we 
shall  understand  better  the  aims  and  objects 
of  the  Colombo  Plan,  which  is  a  war  against 
poverty  and  hunger  and  disease  in  lands  that 
are  far  away. ... 

Let  our  imagination  take  in  the  human 
significance  of  these  stupendous  schemes 
which  will  provide  power  over  vast  areas 
and  lessen  the  load  of  labour  and  bring  the 
benefits  of  modern  civilization  to  peoples  who 
feel  that  their  own  exploitation  should  end 
and  be  substituted  by  the  exploitation  of 
nature.  That  is  what  increased  production 
means.     Yet  there  are  people  among  us  who 


Membership 

With  an  increase  of  68,371  during  the 
year,  membership  reached  the  record 
figure  of  8,088,450.  Affiliated  unions 
numbered  183. 

Marked  increases  in  the  engineering 
trades  and  a  decline  in  the  textile 
trades,  it  was  observed,  changed  the 
year's  membership  pattern  somewhat. 
While  it  is  expected  that  increased 
employment  in  the  textile  industry  will 
restore  some  of  the  lost  membership, 
trade  union  advances  will  be  mainly  in 
engineering  and  manufacturing  indus- 
tries. 


say  that  they  cannot  possibly  let  themselves 
participate  in  increased  production  cam- 
paigns so  long  as  ours  is  a  capitalist  society. 
What  nonsense  this  is. 

It  is  the  aim  of  trade  unions  to  raise 
the  living  standards  of  their  members. 
Increased  productivity  is  the  means  to  that 
end.  The  idea  of  deliberately  refusing  to 
increase  productivity  is  simply  nonsensical. 
It  is  almost  weak-minded  to  suggest  that 
increased  productivity  simply  means  more 
profit  for  the  bosses  and  no  profit  for  any- 
one else.  If  anyone  believes  that  trade 
unions  are  powerless  to  prevent  employers 
pocketing  the  whole  proceeds  of  increased 
productivity  he  has  no  right  to  a  place  at 
this  or  any  other  Congress.  That  is  pre- 
cisely what  every  trade  union  has  been 
doing  ever  since  it  was  formed.  I  speak 
from  personal  experience  when  I  say  that  it 
is  easier  to  get  improved  standards  for  my 
members  when  the  film  industry  prospers 
than  it  is  when  the  industry  is  in  a  depressed 
condition,  as  it  is  today.  And  that  goes  for 
everybody  else  too,  in  whatever  industry 
they  may  be,  whether  it  is  privately-owned 
or  nationalized. 

Prices   and   Wages 

Discussing  prices  and  wage  policy,  Mr. 
O'Brien  said  the  increase  in  the  prices  of 
essential  foods  over  the  past  year  left  trade 
unions  with  no  choice  but  to  take  the 
necessary  steps  to  protect  their  members' 
interests.  As,  however,  wage  increases 
were  almost  certain  to  lead  to  price 
increases  affecting  the  cost  of  living  and 
the  level  of  economic  activity,  every  trade 
union  now  accepts  the  principle  that  such 
protection  cannot  be  secured  merely  by  an 
increase  of  money  wages,  but  also  necessi- 
tated a  close  scrutiny  of  economic  policy 
and  trends  in  order  to  safeguard  their 
members'  employment. 

Mr.  O'Brien  concluded  his  speech  with 
a  reference  to  momentous  events  which 
have  taken  place  in  the  world  at  large, 
which,  he  said,  must  be  met  with  a  far- 
sighted  and  carefully  considered  trade 
union  policy. 


1621 


Wages  Policy 

Stormy  reception  was  given  a  motion, 
submitted  by  the  Electrical  Trades  Union. 
to  abandon  wage  restraint  and  to  campaign 
for  higher  wages*  Tin1  General  Council's 
wage  restraint  policy  was  upheld  by  a 
two-to-one  majority. 

Arthur  Deakin  said  the  suggestion  put 
forward  could  be  regarded  ''only  as  the 
economics  of  bedlam.  .  .  What  we  have  to 
concern  ourselves  with  is  our  problem  of 
maintaining  our  position  in  the  export 
market — selling  the  goods  we  produce  at 
such  a  price  that  the  customer  is  pre- 
pared to  and  can  pay.  That  is  the  ques- 
tion to  which  we  have  to  find  the  answer 
and  you  will  not  find  it  in  propaganda  or 
specious  proposals  of  this  character. 

"I  suggest  that  the  only  reason  why  this 
motion  is  on  the  agenda  this  afternoon  is 
because  it  is  designed  to  project  the 
policies  of  certain  political  factions  within 
our  midst.'' 

A  resolution,  introduced  earlier  in  the 
proceedings,  rejecting  any  form  of  wage 
restraint  which  might  interfere  with  the 
freedom  of  collective  bargaining  and 
independent  arbitration  was  unanimously 
approved. 

East-West  Trade 

A  motion  calling  for  "unrestricted  world 
trade,  including  trade  with  the  Soviet 
Union,  China  and  the  countries  of  Eastern 
Europe,"  submitted  by  the  Amalgamated 
Union  of  Foundry  Workers,  met  with 
decisive  action. 

The  motion  was  contrary  to  the  conclu- 
sion reached  by  the  General  Council, 
contained  in  the  report  presented  to 
Congress,  which  stated  that  "whilst  every 
reasonab'e  effort  should  be  made  to  expand 
East- West  trade,  full  realization  of  the 
economic  potentialities  must  depend  upon 
the  direct  improvement  of  political 
relations." 

Congress  supported  the  General  Council's 
statement,  rejecting  the  motion  on  a  card 
vote  by  a   three-million  majority. 

Presenting  the  General  Council's  point  of 
view,  Wilfred  L.  Hey  wood,  of  the  National 
Union    of    Dyers,    Bleachers    and    Textile 


*At  the  end  of  October,  two  large  unions 
renewed  demands,  previously  rejected  by 
employers,  for  higher  wages.  They  were: 
The  Amalgamated  Engineering  Union,  led 
by  the  TUC's  newly-elected  Chairman,  and 
the  National  Union  of  Mineworkers.  The 
engineering  workers  seek  a  15-per-cent  in- 
crease, the  coal  miners  a  raise  of  two 
shillings  and  three  pence  weekly  for  lower 
paid   men    in   the   industry. 


Workers  and  a  member  of  the  Council. 
expressed  regret  thai  "certain  organizations 
have  made  this  into  a  propaganda  issue". 

Trade,  he  said,  is  not  governed  by  the 
issues  which  govern  propaganda,  but  by 
business  considerations,  and  all  the  propa- 
ganda will  not  remove  the  essential  basis 
on  which  bilateral  trade — the  issue  in  this 
case — is  conducted.  "Your  opposite  number 
must  be  prepared  to  sell  what  you  want 
to  buy  and  be  prepared  to  buy  what  you 
want  to  sell."  Even  if  all  the  political 
disputes  were  amicably  settled  it  would 
still  be  true  that  bilateral  trade  involves 
''what  the  theorists  call  a  double  coin- 
cidence of  wants". 

Discussing  briefly  the  political  difficul- 
ties. Mr.  Heywood.  noting  that  exports  of 
strategic  importance  have  been  banned  to 
certain  beligerent  countries  in  the  Far  East. 
added:  "But — and  this  is  the  point  the 
delegates  should  bear  particularly  in  mind 
— the  ban  has  been  imposed  by  both  sidi  - 
in  this  war.  That  is  why  the  report  say- 
that  if  there  were  to  be  a  change  in 
political  conditions,  if  there  were  a  change 
lor  the  better  in  the  political  climate,  trade 
prospects  would  be   improved." 

What  justification  can  there  be.  he 
asked,  for  a  campaign  against  the  ban  of 
strategic  goods  which  would  be  the  com- 
ponents of  weapons  of  war  to  be  used 
against  our  own  soldiers. 

The  ieal  questions,  however,  which  Con- 
gress must  face  when  considering  the  report 
and    motion,    declared    Mr.    Heywood.    are: 

(1)  can  communist  count  lies  supply  what 
we    want    and    are    they    willing   to    do    so; 

(2)  will  they  take  what  we  have  in 
exchange;  and  (3)  are  the  prices  of  goods 
from  communisi  countries  reasonable  and 
competitive?  The  evidence  is  to  the  con- 
trary, lie  -aid. 

Trade  with  Russia  and  the  communisi 
satellite  countries  has  never  accounted  for 
more  than  a  small  proportion  of  our  total 
trade  in  the  past,  Mr.  Heywood  explained. 
Britain  has  been  one  of  Russia's  besl 
customers,  yet  the  highest  percentage  of 
imports  received  from  Russia  in  any  one 
year  was  only  3-75  per  cent,  in  1931.  In 
the  four  years  before  the  war.  the  average 
proportion  was  2-2  per  cent  and  from  the 
satellite  countries.  2-5  per  cent.  In  the 
same  four  years,  only  3  per  cent  of  British 
exports  went  to  Russia  and  2-1  per  cent 
in  satellite  countries  in  Europe.  Post-war 
figures  are  lower,  a  number  of  reasons 
accounting  for  the  decline.  Some  of  the 
reasons  are  political  but  an  important  om 
is  tl,(.  drive  for  industrialization  that  i-; 
going  en   in   Eastern  Europe. 


1622 


As  to  whether  prices  are  competitive, 
wheat,  one  of  the  biggest  single  items  in 
Russian  imports,  was  about  50  per  cent 
dearer  than  wheat  from  Canada  and  40 
per  cent  dearer  than  wheat  from  America, 
he  stated. 

"So  that  the  campaign  that  was  con- 
ducted up  and  down  the  country  and  in 
this  Congress  last  year  was  a  campaign  to 
get  Britain  to  pay  excessive  prices  for 
foodstuffs,"  declared  Mr.  Heywood  in 
summing  up.  "I  wonder  if  you  realized 
that  when  you  listened  to  the  speeches  and 
read  the  pamphlets  that  have  been  dis- 
tributed so  widely  on  this  question.  Any 
considerable  increase  in  the  imports  of 
grain  into  this  country  from  Russia,  in 
the  context  of  the  figures  I  have  given, 
must  have  meant  an  increase  in  the  cost 
of  living  to  British  workers.  That,  I 
repeat,  is  what  you  have  been  asked  to 
agree  to  over  and  over  again  in  the  propa- 
ganda that  has  been  conducted  on  this 
issue." 

The  communist  pamphlet,  concluded  Mr. 
Heywood,  "issued  in  a  red,  white  and  blue 
folder— I  cannot  quite  understand  why — 
supposed  to  be  an  answer  to  the  pamphlet 
of  the  General  Council,  says:  'More  East- 
West  trade  means  more  and  cheaper  food 
for  British  homes.'  Even  communist  double 
talk  has  seldom  been  as  untruthful  as 
that." 

Public  Ownership 

Congress  adopted  the  General  Council's 
Interim  Report  on  Public  Ownership, 
affirming  its  faith  in  the  basic  principles  of 
public  ownership  but  cautioning  that  "the 
case  for  public  ownership  and  control 
should  be  constantly  related  to  the  over- 
riding need  to  improve  our  economic  posi- 
tion in  the  world." 

A  motion  to  refer  back  the  report  was 
defeated. 

The  50-page  report  was  the  outcome  of 
instructions  from  the  1952  Congress  to  the 
General  Council  to  formulate,  for  submis- 
sion to  this  year's  Congress,  proposals  for 
the  extension  of  social  ownership  and 
democratization  of  the  nationalized  indus- 
tries and  services.  In  moving  its  adoption, 
Charles  J.  Geddes,  head  of  the  Union  of 
Post  Office  Workers,  commended  the  report 
as  a  positive  industrial  policy  aimed  at 
filling  the  vacuum  between  capitalism  and 
communism. 

A  resolution  submitted  by  the  National 
Union  of  Mineworkers  was  also  adopted, 
"condemning"  de-nationalization  of  the  iron 
and  steel  and  road  haulage  industries  and 
pledging  continued  support  for  the  Labour 


Election  of  Officers 

Jack       Tanner.       President 

of 

the 

Amalgamated    Engineering    Union 

was 

elected  Chairman  of  the  Genen 

il  Council 

for  1953-54. 

Last  year's  General  Council 

is  a 

Imost 

unchanged,  with  the  return  of  30  of  the 

35  members. 

Party  policy  "on  the  action  it  will  take 
when  again  returned  as  the  Government'* 
concerning  these  industries  and  the  exten- 
sion of  nationalization  to  other  industries 
"where  it  can  be  proved  to  be  in  the  best 
interests  of  the  nation". 

Appointments  to  Government  Boards 

A  resolution,  submitted  by  the  United 
Society  of  Boilermakers,  protesting  the 
appointment  of  certain  members  of  the 
General  Council  to  the  Iron  and  Steel 
Board  touched  off  a  heated  debate. 

After  deprecating  the  action  of  the 
members  who  had  accepted  appointments 
on  the  Board,  the  resolution  served  notice 
that  "should  any  member  accept  similar 
appointments  in  the  future  we  will  demand 
his  immediate  resignation  from  the  General 
Council". 

The  General  Council's  stand,  following 
protestations,  was  made  clear  in  a  state- 
ment contained  in  its  report.  It  has  been 
a  long-standing  policy  of  the  TUC,  it 
pointed  out,  to  insist  upon  trade  union 
representation  on  all  bodies  set  up  to  deal 
with  any  matter  affecting  labour  and  that 
the  Iron  and  Steel  Board  is  no  exception 
to  this  rule. 

On  a  card  vote,  the  motion  was  defeated 
and  the  relative  paragraph  of  the  Council's 
report  adopted  by  a  majority  of  more 
than  two  million. 

Congress  and  the  Labour  Party 

Congress  urged  the  General  Council  "to 
seek  consultation  with  the  Labour  Party 
in  a  joint  examination  of  the  liaison 
machines  between  the  two  bodies  with  a 
view  to  effecting  such  improvements  as  will 
ensure  a  better  public  relationship  and 
an   end   to   personal  attacks  in   the   press." 

Ministry  of  Pensions 

Congress  noted  the  Government's  deci- 
sion to  amalgamate  the  Ministry  of 
Pensions  with  the  Ministry  of  National 
Insurance  for  the  purpose  of  simplii3'ing 
administration  and  reducing  costs.  The 
new  Ministry  will  be  known  as  the 
(Continued  on  page  1657) 

1623 


International 
Labour   Organization 


ILO's  Third  Asian  Regional  Conference 

Six  resolutions   adopted  on  wages,  housing,  workers'  electoral  rights, 
protection  of  young  workers,  ILO  Conventions,  greater  flow  of  capital 


The  Third  Asian  Regional  Conference, 
held  in  Tokyo,  during  a  two-week  session 
in  September  adopted  six  resolutions 
recommending  to  Asian  countries  measures 
for  the  improvement  of  conditions  in  wages, 
housing  and  the  protection  of  young 
workers;  workers'  electoral  rights;  the 
prompt  ratification  of  ILO  Conventions; 
and  a  greater  international  flow  of  capital 
for  economic  development  in  the  Asian 
region. 

The  conference  was  attended  by  131 
delegates,  advisers  and  observers  from  21 
countries. 

The  resolution  on  "the  defence  of 
freedom  of  workers'  suffrage  and  eligibility 
for  election"  was  adopted  unanimously.  It 
stated : — 

Whereas  it  is  the  purpose  of  the  Inter- 
national Labour  Organization  to  enable 
workers  to  attain  full  stature  as  human 
beings  and  as  citizens  of  the  country  to 
which  they  belong;   and 

Whereas  for  the  attainment  of  this  objec- 
tive it  is  essential  that  they  should  be  able 
to  exercise  all  their  civil  rights  without 
any  interference  from  any  source  whatsoever. 

The  Third  Asian  Regional  Conference  of 
the  ILO  resolves  that: 

The  workers  in  common  with  other 
members  of  the  electorate  should  have  full 
freedom  to  exercise  the  right  to  vote 
according  to  their  own  choice; 

Government  and  employers  should  refrain 
from  any  interference  in  the  free  exercise 
of  the  above  right;  and 

The  employers  should  refrain  from  any 
interference  with  the  exercise  of  the  right 
of  their  workers  to  stand  for  election,  pro- 
vided however  that  the  right  of  public 
servants  to  stand  for  election  should  be  as 
determined  by  national  laws  and  regulations. 

In  pledging  the  employers'  support  to 
this  resolution,  Shigeki  Tashiro,  the  Japa- 
nese employer  delegate,  stated  that  he 
wanted  to  make  it  clear  that  no  country 
in  the  Asian  region  exercised  pressure  or 
interfered  with  civil  rights  of  workers. 

The  resolution  on  wage  policy  was  also 
unanimously  adopted.  It  stated  in  part 
that:  "It  should  be  the  common  objective 
of  governments,  employers  and  workers  to 
establish  wages  at  the  highest  possible  level 
which     the     economic     condition     of     each 


country  permits,  and  that  in  the  future 
such  wages  should  aim  to  provide  the 
worker  with  a  fair  share  of  the 
increased  prosperity  of  the  country  as 
a  whole  resulting  from  economic 
development."  And  the  resolution  added 
that:  "To  this  end,  collective  agreements 
between  employers  and  workers  are  nor- 
mally the  best  means  for  the  determination 
and  the  adjustment  of  wages." 

Jef  Rens,  Deputy  Director-General  of  the 
ILO  and  Secretary-General  of  this  confer- 
ence, congratulated  the  conference  on  the 
unanimous  agreement  which  was  worked 
out  with  regard  to  this  resolution.  In 
doing  so,  he  pointed  to  the  "enormous 
disparity"  in  the  per  capita  incomes  still 
in  existence  in  the  world  today.  "All 
your  statements,"  said  Mr.  Rens,  "clearly 
show  the  notorious  inadequacy  of  income, 
and  more  particularly  of  wages  in  the 
countries  of  this  vast  continent."  The  ILO 
member  countries,  he  added,  are  genuinely 
interested  in  helping  Asian  countries  to 
raise  their  living  standards. 

Mr.  Rens  went  on  to  regret  the  recent 
cuts  in  technical  assistance  funds  and  pro- 
grams; but  he  hoped  that  with  the  easing 
of  the  international  situation  they  would 
be  restored. 

Mr.  Rens  stressed  that  the  exploitation. 
the  usury  and  the  inequality  of  distri- 
bution of  land  which  still  existed  in 
different  parts  of  Asia  are  so  many 
obstacles  to  the  fair  remuneration  of 
workers.  He  said:  "There  is  too  grim  a 
difference  between  magnificent  modern 
business  centres  and  the  superb  residential 
districts  of  your  large  cities,  and  the 
sprawling  suburbs  in  which  masses  of  work- 
ing people  are  crowded  together  in  squalid 
slums.  Any  economic  development  which 
is  not  accompanied  by  a  very  generous 
social  policy  and  a  progressive  fiscal  policy 
is  courting  failure  through  lack  of  support 
from  the  working  masses."  He  concluded 
by'  urging  the  Asian  countries  to  take 
every  step  to  avoid  the  inequalities  and 
injustices  which  accompanied  the  Indus- 
trial Revolution  in  Europe. 


1624 


Open  Fourth  Session  of  ILO  Building,  Civil 

Engineering  and  Public  Works  Committee 


Six  Canadians  attending.  Progressive  application  in  the  construction 
industry  of  the  principle  of  a  guaranteed  wage  slated  for  discussion. 
Coa!    Mines    Committee,  ILO  Governing   Body  will  meet  at   month-end 


Six  Canadians  are  attending  the  fourth 
session  of  the  ILO  Building,  Civil  Engi- 
neering and  Public  Works  Committee  at 
Geneva.  It  began  October  26  and  was 
still  in  progress  as  the  Labour  Gazette 
went  to  press. 

Government  delegates  are :  J.  Lome  Mac- 
Dougall,  Industrial  Relations  Officer,  and 
Raymond  Ranger,  Special  Assistant  to  the 
Deputy  Minister,  Department  of  Labour, 
Ottawa. 

Employer  delegates  are:  Raymond 
Brunet,  a  contractor  from  Hull,  Que.,  and 
J.  A.  Lapres,  Montreal. 

Worker  delegates  are:  J.  Woolsey, 
Canadian  Vice-president  of  the  Interna- 
tional Union  of  Elevator  Constructors 
(AFL-TLC)  and  President  of  the  Toronto 
Building  and  Construction  Trades  Council, 
and  Rosario  Gosselin,  First  Vice-President 
of    the    National    Catholic    Federation    of 


Building  and  Construction  Material  Trades 
of  Canada  (CCCL),  Quebec. 

One  of  the  items  on  the  Committee's 
agenda  calls  for  a  discussion  on  "methods 
of  facilitating  the  progressive  application 
in  the  construction  industry  of  the  prin- 
ciple of  a  guaranteed  wage,  including 
methods  of  eliminating  temporary  stop- 
pages or  fluctuations  in  plant  operations 
and  in  employment."  Another  discussion 
will  deal  with  factors  affecting  productivity 
in  the  construction  industry. 

At  the  end  of  this  month,  the  fifth 
session  of  the  ILO  Coal  Mines  Committee 
and  the  123rd  session  of  the  ILO  Govern- 
ing Body  will  be  convened. 

Among  the  subjects  to  be  discussed  by 
the  Coal  Mines  Committee  are  produc- 
tivity in  coal  mines  and  social  welfare 
facilities  and  services  for  coal  miners.  The 
Governing  Body  will  face  a  24-point  agenda. 


Ratifications  of  ILO  Conventions  Total  1,382 


Sweden  has  become  the  first  country  to 
ratify  the  social  security  convention 
adopted  by  the  International  Labour 
Organization's  1952  General  Conference 
(L.G.,  Nov.,  1952,  p.  1461).  The  conven- 
tion will  come  into  force  12  months  after 
a  second  ratification  is  deposited. 

Countries  ratifying  the  convention 
assume  the  obligation  to  provide  a  certain 
minimum  standard  of  social  security  pro- 
tection to  their  citizens.  The  convention, 
which  covers  such  social  security  measures 
as  medical  care  and  sickness,  unemploy- 
ment, old  age,  employment  injury,  family, 
invalidity  and  survivors'  benefits,  brings  to 
35  the  number  of  ILO  conventions  Sweden 
has  now  ratified. 

At  the  same  time,  Sweden  registered  its 
ratification  of  the  1952  Convention  that 
provides  an  annual  holiday  with  pay  for 
agricultural  workers. 


The  United  Kingdom  recently  ratified 
the  Conventions  governing  crew  accom- 
modation and  food  and  catering  on  board 
ship.  The  former  came  into  force  January 
29  after  being  ratified  by  eight  countries. 
The  United  Kingdom  has  now  ratified  54 
ILO  Conventions. 

During  July,  Cuba  ratified  Conventions 
affecting  weekly  rest  in  industry,  forced 
labour,  holidays  with  pay,  minimum  age 
for  employment  at  sea,  hours  of  work  and 
rest  periods  and  the  one  concerning  final 
articles  revision.  During  the  same  month, 
New  Zealand  ratified  the  Holidays  with 
Pay  Convention  respecting  agriculture  and 
Belgium  the  Convention  concerning  migra- 
tion for  employment. 

As  a  result  of  the  New  Zealand  ratifica- 
tion, the  Holidays  with  Pay  Convention 
will  come  into  force  July  24,  1954. 

The  total  number  of  ratifications  now 
stands  at  1,382. 


1625 


TEAMWORK 
in  INDUSTRY 


Figures  released  by  the  Department  of 
Labour  up  to  September  30  show  an 
increase  of  nearly  100  in  the  number  of 
labour-management  production  committees 
now  operating  in  Canada.  In  the  12 
months  between  September  30,  1952,  and 
September  30,  1953,  the  total  of  LMPCs 
has  risen  from  867  to  955. 

At  June  30,  334.062  workers  were 
employed  in  plants  with  LMPCs.  This 
is  approximately  one-third  of  the  organ- 
ized workers  in  Canada. 

By  provinces,  Ontario  has  the  largest 
number  of  LMPCs.  There  were  435 
committees  in  Ontario  at  the  time  of  the 
survey.  Quebec  is  second  with  197  com- 
mittees. Figures  for  other  provinces  are: 
Newfoundland.  2;  Prince  Edward  Island. 
2;  Nova  Scotia,  26;  New  Brunswick,  33; 
Manitoba,  63;  Saskatchewan,  67;  Alberta. 
55;  British  Columbia,  75. 

The  following  table  represents  an  analysis 
of  trade  union  affiliation  of  the  bargaining 
agencies  in  plants  having  LMPCs  at  June 
30,  1953:— 

No.  of  No.  of 

LMPCs     Employees 

Trades  &  Labour  Con- 
gress  of    Canada 417  164,740 

Canadian      Congress      of 

Labour    300  80,111 

Canadian  &  Catholic 
Confederation  of 
Labour    46  11,490 

Others     187  77,712 

950  334,062 


New  LMPC  Film  Produced 

A  Question  of  Teamwork,  the  latest  in 
1  he  series  of  films  on  labour-management 
production  committees  produced  for  the 
Department  of  Labour,  is  soon  to  be 
released  for  showing.  The  film  is  approxi- 
mately 20  minutes  in  length  and  has  been 
produced  in  both  French  and  English 
versions. 

The  film  shows  how  a  lack  of  co- 
operation and  teamwork  between  labour 
and  management  can  cause  disruptions  in 
production,  low  morale,  and  a  general 
break-down  in  employer-employee  com- 
munication. 


Through  the  co-operation  of  the  Cana- 
dian National  Railways,  location  scenes  in 
the  film  were  made  at  the  company's  Point 
Si .  Charles  Shops  in  Montreal.  Featured 
in  the  production  is  a  mixed  cast  of  pro- 
fessional actors  and  shop  employees. 

The  scene  of  the  story  is  laid  in  a  large 
manufacturing  plant.  The  audience  soon 
becomes  aware  that  there  is  something 
wrong.  One  operator,  Joe  Carson,  has  been 
having  trouble  with  his  machine  for  some 
time  and  refuses  to  use  it  until  it  is  fixed. 
His  foreman  reports  the  situation  to  the 
superintendent. 

The  superintendent,  after  hearing  the 
foreman's  story,  decides  that  it  is  time  to 
take  the  matter  to  higher  authority,  the 
general  manager.  After  discussing  the 
problems,  they  decide  to  see  if  the  union 
will  agree  to  a  survey  by  an  independent 
labour  relations  expert.  The  union  presi- 
dent agrees  but  requests  that  the  union 
be  present  when  the  report  is  made. 
Johnson,  an  industrial  relations  specialist, 
is  called  in  and  proceeds  to  make  a 
thorough  surve}'  of  the  plant.  The  camera 
follows  him  as  he  talks  to  the  men.  the 
supervisory  staff  and  top  management. 
Finally  his  report  is  ready  and  a  joint 
union-management  meeting  is  called  to 
hear  it.  Among  the  things  he  describes 
are  situations  indicating  that  the  men  feel 
that  no  one  is  interested  in  them  or  their 
work,  strained  relations  between  foremen 
and  workers,  poor  communication,  disre- 
garded safety  regulations,  poor  house- 
keeping. While  he  talks,  the  camera 
Hashes  back  to  show  actual  incidents  to 
illustrate  his  point. 

Screenings  of  this  film  can  be  arranged 
by  writing  to  the  Labour-Management 
Co-operation  Service,  Federal  Department 
of  Labour,  Ottawa,  or  by  contacting  the 
nearest  local  office  of  the  Service.  Offices 
are  located  at  Amherst,  Three  Rivers, 
Montreal,  Toronto,  Hamilton.  Windsor, 
Winnipeg  and  Vancouver. 


Establishment  of  Labour-Management 
Production  Committees  (LMPCs)  is 
encouraged  and  assisted  by  the  Labour- 
Management  Co-operation  Service.  In- 
dustrial Relations  Branch,  Department 
of  Labour.  In  addition  to  field  repre- 
sentatives located  in  key  industrial 
c(\ntres,  who  are  available  to  help  both 
managements  and  trade  unions  set  up 
LMPCs,  the  Service  provides  publicity 
aids  in  the  form  of  booklets,  films  ami 
posters. 


1626 


Industrial  Relations 
and   Conciliation 

Certification  and  Other  Proceedings  before 

the  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 


The  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board  met 
for  one  day  during  September.  The  Board 
issued  five  certificates  designating  bargain- 
ing agents  and  rejected  one  application  for 
certification.  During  the  month,  the  Board 
received   five   applications   for   certification. 

Applications  for  Certification  Granted 

1.  West  Coast  Seamen's  Union  (Canada), 
on  behalf  of  a  unit  of  unlicensed  personnel 
of  the  deck,  engineroom  and  steward's 
departments  of  vessels  engaged  in  the 
freight  service  operations  of  The  Packers 
Steamship  Company  Limited  (L.G.,  Aug., 
p.  1155). 

2.  Brotherhood  of  Railway  and  Steam- 
ship Clerks,  Freight  Handlers,  Express  and 
Station  Employees,  on  behalf  of  a  unit  of 
certain  clerical  employees  of  The  Algoma 
Central  and  Hudson  Bay  Railway  Com- 
pany, Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Ont.  (L.G.,  Aug., 
p.  1154). 

3.  Beaverlodge  District  Mine,  Mill  and 
Smelter  Workers,  Local  913,  International 
Union  of  Mine,  Mill  and  Smelter  Workers, 
on  behalf  of  a  unit  of  employees  of 
Eldorado  Mining  and  Refining  Limited, 
employed  in  its  Beaverlodge  operation, 
Uranium  City,  Sask.   (L.G.,  Oct.,  p.  1474). 

4.  Canadian  Merchant  Service  Guild,  Inc., 
on  behalf  of  a  unit  of  employees  classified 
as  first  officer,  second  officer,  third  officer, 
and  fourth  officer  employed  by  Canadian 
Pacific  Steamships  Limited  aboard  the 
DEV  Beaverbrae  (L.G.,  Sept.,  p.  1314). 

5.  Association  of  Atomic  Energy  Tech- 
nicians and  Draftsmen,  Local  165  of  the 
American  Federation  of  Technical  Engi- 
neers, on  behalf  of  a  unit  of  salaried 
technicians  and  draftsmen  employed  by 
Atomic  Energy  of  Canada  Limited  in  its 
laboratories,  plants  and  drawing  offices 
located  at  Chalk  River,  Ont.  (L.G.,  Sept., 
p.  1314). 

Application  for  Certification  Rejected 

Great  Lakes  Licensed  Officers'  Organiza- 
tion, applicant,  and  Canadian  National 
Railways,  respondent,  and  National  Organ- 
ization of  Masters,  Mates  and  Pilots  of 
America.  Inc.,  and  National  Association  of 
Marine    Engineers    of    Canada,    Inc.,    and 


80153—4 


This  section  covers  proceedings  under 
the  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act,  involving  the  admin- 
istrative services  of  the  Minister  of 
Labour,  the  Canada  Labour  Relations 
Board  and  the  Industrial  Relations 
Branch  of  the   Department. 


Canadian  Merchant  Service  Guild,  Inc., 
interveners  (L.G.,  Sept.,  p.  1314).  The 
application  was  rejected  as  premature  for 
the  reason  that  it  had  been  made  prior  to 
the  expiry  of  ten  months  of  the  term  of 
the  existing  collective  agreement,  and  for 
the  reason  that  the  applicant  had  no  status 
in  Canada  at  the  time  of  making  the 
application.  The  rejection  was  without 
prejudice  to  the  filing  of  a  new  application 
after  the  expiry  of  ten  months  of  the  term 
of  the  agreement. 

Applications  for  Certification  Received 

1.  International  Woodworkers  of  America, 
Local  1-357,  on  behalf  of  a  unit  of  masters, 
mates  and  deckhands  employed  aboard 
vessels  operated  by  the  Pioneer  Towing 
Company  Limited,  Vancouver  (Investigat- 
ing Officer:   G.  R,  Currie). 

2.  United  Packinghouse  Workers  of 
America,  Local  396,  on  behalf  of  a  unit  of 
plant  employees  of  The  Ogilvie  Flour 
Mills  Co.,  Limited,  employed  at  Edmonton, 
Alta.  (Investigating  Officer:  D.  S.  Tysoe). 

3.  National  Association  of  Marine  Engi- 
neers of  Canada,  Inc.,  on  behalf  of  a  unit 
of  marine  engineers  employed  by  Canadian 
Pacific  Steamships  Limited  on  board  the 
TEV  Maplecove  and  TEV  Mapledell, 
operated  by  the  company  in  its  Pacific 
Service  (Investigating  Officer :  G.  R. 
Currie). 

4.  Canadian  Merchant  Service  Guild,  Inc., 
on  behalf  of  a  unit  of  deck  officers  aboard 
vessels  operated  by  Hall  Corporation  of 
Canada,  Montreal  (Investigating  Officer: 
R.  Trepanier). 

5.  Canadian  Merchant  Service  Guild,  Inc., 
on  behalf  of  deck  officers  employed  by 
Canadian  Pacific  Steamships  Limited  on 
board  the  TEV  Maplecove  and  TEV 
Mapledell,  operated  by  the  company  in  its 
Pacific  Service  (Investigating  Officer:  G.  R. 
Currie). 

1627 


Conciliation  and  Other  Proceedings 

before  the  Minister  of  Labour 


Conciliation  Officers  Appointed 

During  September  the  Minister  appointed 
conciliation  officers  to  deal  with  the 
following  disputes: — 

1.  Canadian  National  Railways  (Jasper 
Park  Lodge,  Bessborough  Hotel,  Prince 
Edward  Hotel,  Fort  Garry  Hotel,  Prince 
Arthur  Hotel  and  Charlottetown  Hotel) 
and  the  Canadian  Brotherhood  of  Railway 
Employees  and  Other  Transport  Workers 
(Conciliation   Officer:    Bernard   Wilson). 

2.  Vancouver  Barge  Transportation 
Limited  and  Seafarers'  International  Union 


of  North  America,  Canadian  District  (Con- 
ciliation Officer:  G.  R.  Currie). 

3.  The  Midland  Railway  Company  of 
Manitoba  and  the  Brotherhood  of  Rail- 
road Trainmen  (Conciliation  Officer:  R.  H. 
Hooper). 

Settlements  Reported  by  Conciliation  Officers 

1.  Nova  Scotian  Hotel,  Halifax,  Canadian 
National  Railways,  and  Local  662,  Hotel 
and  Restaurant  Employees  and  Bar- 
tenders International  Union  (Conciliation 
Officer:  H.  R.  Pettigrove).  (L.G.,  Aug., 
p.  1156.) 


Scope  and  Administration  of  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes  Investigation  Act 

the  Wartime  Labour  Relations  Board  to 
administer  provisions  concerning  the  cer- 
tification of  bargaining  agents,  the  writ- 
ing of  provisions — for  incorporation  into 
collective  agreements — fixing  a  procedure 
for  the  final  settlement  of  disputes  con- 
cerning the  meaning  or  violation  of  such 
agreements  and  the  investigation  of  com- 
plaints referred  to  it  by  the  minister  that 
a  party  has  failed  to  bargain  collectively 
and  to  make  every  reasonable  effort  to 
conclude  a  collective  agreement. 

Copies  of  the  Industrial  Relations  and 
Disputes  Investigation  Act,  the  Regula- 
tions made  under  the  Act,  and  the  Rules 
of  Procedure  of  the  Canada  Labour 
Relations  Board  are  available  upon 
request  to  the  Department  of  Labour, 
Ottawa. 


Conciliation  services  under  the  Indus- 
trial Relations  and  Disputes  Investiga- 
tion Act  are  provided  by  the  Minister 
of  Labour  through  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Branch.  The  branch  also  acts  as 
the  administrative  arm  of  the  Canada 
Labour  Relations  Board  in  matters  under 
the  Act  involving  the  board. 

The  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act  came  into  force  on 
September  1,  1948.  It  revoked  the  War- 
time Labour  Relations  Regulations,  P.C. 
1003,  which  became  effective  in  March, 
1944,  and  repealed  the  Industrial  Dis- 
putes Investigation  Act,  which  had  been 
in  force  from  1907  until  superseded  by 
the  Wartime  Regulations  in  1944.  Deci- 
sions, orders  and  certifications  given 
under  the  Wartime  Regulations  by  the 
Minister  of  Labour  and  the  Wartime 
Labour  Relations  Board  are  continued  in 
force   and   effect  by   the   Act. 

The  Act  applies  to  industries  within 
federal  jurisdiction,  i.e.,  navigation,  ship- 
ping, interprovincial  railways,  canals, 
telegraphs,  interprovincial  and  interna- 
tional steamship  lines  and  ferries,  aero- 
dromes and  air  transportation,  radio 
broadcasting  stations  and  works  declared 
by  Parliament  to  be  for  the  general 
advantage  of  Canada  or  two  or  more  of 
its  provinces.  Additionally,  the  Act 
provides  that  provincial  authorities,  if 
they  so  desire,  may  enact  similar  legis- 
lation for  application  to  industries 
within  provincial  jurisdiction  and  make 
mutually  satisfactory  arrangements  with 
the  federal  Government  for  the  admin- 
istration of  such  legislation. 

The  Minister  of  Labour  is  charged  with 
the  administration  of  the  Act  and  is 
directly  responsible  for  the  appointment 
of  conciliation  officers,  conciliation  boards, 
and  Industrial  Inquiry  Commissions  con- 
cerning complaints  that  the  Act  has  been 
violated  or  that  a  party  has  failed  to 
bargain  collectively,  and  for  applications 
for  consent  to  prosecute. 

The  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board  is 
established  under  the  Act  as  successor  to 


Proceedings  under  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions and  Disputes  Investigation  Act  are 
reported  below  under  two  headings: 
(1)  Certification  and  other  Proceedings 
before  the  Canada  Labour  Relations 
Board,  and  (2)  Conciliation  and  other 
Proceedings  before  the  Minister  of 
Labour. 

Industrial  Relations  Officers  of  the 
Department  of  Labour  are  stationed  at 
Vancouver,  Winnipeg,  Toronto,  Ottawa, 
Montreal.  Fredericton,  Halifax  and  St. 
John's.  Newfoundland.  The  territory  of 
two  officers  resident  in  Vancouver  com- 
prises British  Columbia,  Alberta  and  the 
Yukon  and  Northwest  Territories;  two 
officers  stationed  in  Winnipeg  cover  the 
provinces  of  Saskatchewan  and  Manitoba 
and  Northwestern  Ontario;  three  officers 
resident  in  Toronto  confine  their  activi- 
ties to  Ontario;  three  officers  in  Mont- 
real are  assigned  to  the  province  of 
Quebec,  and  a  total  of  three  officers 
resident  in  Fredericton,  Halifax  and  St. 
John's  represent  the  Department  in  the 
Maritime  Provinces  and  Newfoundland. 
The  headquarters  of  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Branch  and  the  Director  of 
Industrial  Relations  and  staff  are  situated 
in  Ottawa. 


1628 


2.  Northern  Alberta  Railways  Company, 
Edmonton,  and  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive 
Engineers  (Conciliation  Officer:  R.  H. 
Hooper).     (L.G.,  Sept.,  p.   1314.) 

3.  Pacific  Stevedoring  and  Contracting 
Co.  Ltd.;  Canadian  Stevedoring  Company, 
Prince  Rupert,  and  International  Long- 
shoremen's and  Warehousemen's  Union 
(Conciliation  Officer:  D.  S.  Tysoe).  (L.G., 
Sept.,  p.  1314.) 

4.  The  Eastern  Canada  Stevedoring  Co. 
Ltd.  (Toronto)  and  Brotherhood  of  Rail- 
way and  Steamship  Clerks,  Freight 
Handlers,  Express  and  Station  Employees 
(Conciliation  Officer:  L.  Pepin).  (L.G., 
Oct,  p.  1475.) 

Conciliation  Board  Report  Received 

During  September  the  Minister  received 
the  report  of  the  Board  of  Conciliation 
and  Investigation  established  in  June  to 
deal  with  matters  in  dispute  between 
National  Harbours  Board,  Halifax,  and 
Division  231,  Canadian  Brotherhood  of 
Railway  Employees  and  Other  Transport 
Workers  (L.G,  Sept.,  p.  1316.)  Text  of 
the  Board's  report  is  reproduced  below. 

Settlements  Following  Board  Procedure 

1.  Canadian  National  Newfoundland 
Steamship  Service,  Canadian  National 
Railway  Company  (unlicensed  personnel) 
and  Canadian  Brotherhood  of  Railway 
Employees  and  Other  Transport  Workers, 
Division  285  (L.G.,  Aug.,  p.  1156). 

2.  Canadian  National  Newfoundland 
Steamship  Service,  Canadian  National 
Railway  Company  (pursers  and  chief 
stewards)  and  Canadian  Brotherhood  of 
Railway  Employees  and  Other  Transport 
Workers,  Division  286  (L.G.,  Aug.,  p.  1156). 


3.  National  Harbours  Board,  Halifax,  and 
Division  231,  Canadian  Brotherhood  of 
Railway  Employees  and  Other  Transport 
Workers  (see  above). 

4.  J.  C.  A.  Turcotte;  Sorel  Dock  & 
Stevedoring  Co.  Ltd,  and  National 
Catholic  Syndicate  of  Longshoremen  of 
Sorel  Inc.  (L.G,  Sept,  p.  1316).  Agree- 
ments between  Wolfe  Stevedores  Limited; 
Empire  Stevedores  Co.  Ltd.;  North 
American  Elevators  Ltd.;  Brown  and  Ryan 
Limited;  Eastern  Canadian  Stevedoring 
Company  Ltd,  and  the  same  union  are 
pending. 

5.  Canada  Steamship  Lines  Limited, 
Montreal,  and  Seafarers'  International 
Union  of  North  America,  Canadian  Dis- 
trict (L.G,  Oct,  p.  1475).  A  settlement 
was  reached  by  the  parties  concerned  after 
the  appointment  of  an  Industrial  Inquiry 
Commission  established  in  September  and 
further  direct  negotiations  following  receipt 
of  the  report  of  the  Board  of  Conciliation 
and  Investigation  appointed  to  deal  with 
matters  in  dispute. 

6.  Colonial  Steamships,  Limited;  N.  M. 
Paterson  &  Sons,  Limited;  Upper  Lakes 
and  St.  Lawrence  Transportation  Company 
Limited ;  and  Seafarers'  International  Union 
of  North  America,  Canadian  District  (L.G, 
Oct,  p.  1475).  A  settlement  was  reached 
by  the  parties  concerned  after  the  appoint- 
ment of  an  Industrial  Inquiry  Commission 
established  in  September  and  through 
further  direct  negotiations  following  receipt 
of  the  report  of  the  Board  of  Conciliation 
and  Investigation  appointed  to  deal  with 
matters  in  dispute. 

Strike  Following  Board  Procedure 

The  Shipping  Federation  of  Canada,  Inc., 
Montreal,  and  Seafarers'  International 
Union  of  North  America,  Canadian  Dis- 
trict (L.G,  Oct,  p.  1475). 


Report  of  Board  in  Dispute  between 

National  Harbours  Board,  Halifax 

and 

Canadian  Brotherhood  of  Railway  Employees  and  Other 

Transport  Workers,  Division  231 


Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  M.P, 
Minister  of  Labour, 
Ottawa,  Ontario. 

1.  The  Conciliation  Board  was  appointed 
herein  consisting  of  Chairman,  Justice  V.  J. 
Pottier,  J.  T.  MacQuarrie,  QC,  and  R.  A. 
Kanigsberg,  QC. 


2.  The  Board  first  met  on  August  4, 
1953,  and  has  held  several  meetings  since 
the  said  date  with  the  parties  involved 
herein. 

3.  The  present  dispute  has  arisen  out  of 
renegotiations    of    a    collective    bargaining 


80153— 4, 


1629 


On  September  19,  1953,  the  Minister 
of  Labour  received  the  unanimous  report 
of  the  Board  of  Conciliation  and  Investi- 
gation appointed  to  deal  with  matters  in 
dispute  between  Division  231,  Canadian 
Brotherhood  of  Railway  Employees  and 
Other  Transport  Workers,  and  National 
Harbours  Board,  Halifax. 

The  Board  was  under  the  Chairman- 
ship of  Mr.  Justice  V.  J.  Pottier,  Halifax, 
who  was  appointed  by  the  Minister  on 
the  joint  recommendation  of  the  other 
two  members  of  the  Board,  J.  T.  Mac- 
Quarrie,  QC,  Halifax,  and  R.  A.  Kanigs- 
berg,  QC,  Halifax,  nominees  of  the 
employer  and  union  respectively. 

The  Board  reported  that  the  parties 
had  reached  agreement  before  it  on  the 
terms  of  settlement. 

The  text  of  the  report  is  attached 
hereto. 


agreement  between  the  parties.  The  date 
of  the  expiration  of  the  last  agreement  was 
April  30,  1953. 

4.  Representatives  of  the  Brotherhood 
requested  that  provisions  be  made  in  the 
new  agreement  for  the  following: — 

1.  Establishment  of  a  five-day  forty- 
hour  week  with  the  same  take-home 
pay  and  a  basic  labouring  rate  of 
$1.20  per  hour.  Adjustments  in  all 
other  classifications  to  conform. 

2.  Sick  leave  with  pay  (minimum  of 
nine)  9  days. 

3.  Payment  for  all  statutory  holidays 
and  all  days  so  declared  by  the 
federal  Government  when  not 
worked. 

4.  Double  the  regular  hourly  rate  for 
all  assigned  rest  days,  when  worked. 

5.  Union  security  (union  shop)  and 
dues  check-off. 

6.  Adjustment  in  wage  rates  of  certain 
classification  within  the  scope  of  the 
Agreement. 

5.  After  conferences  with  representatives 
of  the  parties  which  ended  on  August  20, 
they  agreed  to  consider  as  a  basis  of 
discussion  towards  a  settlement,  the 
following  proposals: — 

Re.  1.  A  ten  per  cent  general  increase 
in  the  present  rates  of  pay,  effec- 
tive May  1,  1953,  and  continuing  to 
and'  including  December  3T,'  1954. 
with  a  40-hour  work  week  ftJ6m  the 
1st  day  of  May  to  the  31st  day  of 
October  in  each  calendar  year  and 
a  44-hour  work  week  from  INbvem- 
berr   1st  to  and  including  A$nV'$0. 

1630 


Re.  2.  This  shall  apply  only  to  hospital 
cases  where  the  employee  has  been 
hospitalized  at  least  five  dajrs  and 
where  the  employee  does  not  derive 
Workmen's  Compensation  benefits. 
In  such  cases  the  employee  shall  be 
entitled  to  three-quarters  of  a  day 
for  each  month  he  has  been  in  the 
employ  of  the  Harbours  Board  as 
may  stand  to  his  credit.  The  time 
shall  run  from  the  signing  of  this 
agreement. 

Re.  3.  Besides  the  statutory  holidays 
contained  in  the  last  working  agree- 
ment, in  Article  10,  paragraph  A, 
there  shall  be  added  "the  first  addi- 
tional statutory  holiday  so  declared 
by  the  federal  Government". 

Re.  4.  Is  accepted. 

Re.  5.  Voluntary  irrevocable  check-off 
shall  apply  during  the  term  of  the 
contract  which  may  be  terminated  by 
an  employee  fifteen  days  before  the 
expiry  date  of  the  contract. 

Re.  6.  Abandoned. 

(a)  In  computing  the  40-hour  week 
it  does  not  necessarily  follow  that  a 
Saturday  shall  be  a  rest  day  but  the 
40-hour  week  may  be  staggered  from 
Monday  to  Saturday  inclusive,  giving 
consideration  to  those  who  have 
seniority  for  eligibility  for  Saturday  a< 
a  rest  day. 

(b)  In  other  respects  the  terms  of 
the  previous  working  agreement  shall 
remain  in  full  force  and  effect." 

6.  The  Board  met  again  with  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  parties  on  September  8. 
1953,  and  the  following  agreement  was 
reached: — 

1.  That  a  five-per-cenl  increase  in 
wages  effective  May  1.  1953,  and  a 
further  five-pcr-cent  increase  in 
wages  effective  November  1,  1953. 
(computed  on  the  original  wages  in 
each  case  and  not  cumulative),  shall 
go  into  effect  for  the  duration  of  this 
agreement. 

2.  That  a  forty-hour  week  commenc- 
ing May  1,  1953.  to  October  31  of 
each  year  and  a  44-hour  week  from 
November  1  to  April  30  of  each 
year  snail  go  into  effect  for  the 
duration  of  this  agreement. 

(Continued  on  page  1637  I 


Collective    Agreements 
and    Wage    Schedules 


Recent  Collective  Agreements 


Logging 

Logging— B ritish  Columbia  Coastal  Region 
— Certain  logging  and  woodworking 
firms  and  the  International  Wood- 
workers of  America. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  June  15, 
1953,  to  June  14,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year  subject  to  notice  at  least  60 
days  before  expiry  date.  This  agreement  is 
similar  to  that  previously  in  effect  (L.G., 
Dec.  1952,  p.  1592)  with  certain  changes, 
which   include   the   following:  — 

Recognized  statutory  holidays  are  increased 
in  number  to  9  (formerly  7),  3  of  which, 
as  under  the  former  agreement,  are  paid  for 
if  not  worked.  Casual  labour  will  not 
receive  pay  for  these  days. 

Wages:  the  cost-of-living  bonus  clause 
contained  in  the  1952  agreement  is  can- 
celled, and  the  9  cents  per  hour  which  was 
being  paid  under  that  clause  shall  be  in- 
corporated into  the  hourly,  daily  or  monthly 
rate  of  all  employees. 

In  addition,  wage  rates  are  increased  by 
5  cents  per  hour  to  all  employees  covered 
by  the  agreement,  retroactive  to  June  15, 
1953.  Fallers  and  buckers,  shingle  sawyers 
and  packers,  who  are  paid  on  a  piece-work 
basis,  will  receive  the  increase  of  5  cents 
per  hour,  to  be  added  to  any  existing  daily 
rate,  retroactive  to  June  15,  1953.  The 
minimum  rate  for  common  labour  (men) 
shall  be  $1.49  per  hour,  except  those 
categories  listed  in  the  wage  supplement 
attached  to  each  individual  company  agree- 
ment. Rates  for  power  house  employees — 
engineers  2nd  class  $2.10J  per  hour,  3rd 
class  $1.95£,  4th  class  $1.85!;  fireman  $1.64. 
The  wage  scale  may,  with  the  consent  of 
both  parties,  be  revised  once  a  year. 

Mining 

Coal  Mining — Provinces  of  Alberta  and 
British  Columbia — The  Coal  Operators' 
Association  of  Western  Canada  and 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America, 
District  18. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  July  3, 
1953,  to  July  2,  1954.  The  Coal  Operators' 
Association  of  Western  Canada  comprises  a 
number  of  companies,  some  of  which  wrere 
formerly  members  of  the  Domestic  Coal 
Operators'  Association  and  others  members 
of  the  Western  Canada  Bituminous  Coal 
Operators'  Association,  and  the  present 
agreement  is  similar  to  the  agreements 
previously  in  effect  between  the  two  latter 
associations  and  the  United  Mine  Workers 
of  America.  District  18,  which  were  sum- 
marized in  the  Labour  Gazette  June  1951, 
pp.  820  and  821,  and  June  1952,  p.  775, 
with  some  changes  including:  — 

Hours:  (40  per  week),  wage  rates  and 
vacation  provisions  are  unchanged. 


A  file  of  collective  agreements  is  main- 
tained in  the  Economics  and  Research 
Branch  of  the  Department  of  Labour. 
These  are  obtained  directly  from  the 
parties  involved  and  through  the  Indus- 
trial Relations  Branch  of  the  Depart- 
ment. A  number  of  those  recently 
received  are  summarized  here.  Agree- 
ments made  obligatory  under  the  Collec- 
tive Agreement  Act  in  Quebec  are 
summarized  in  a  separate  article  follow- 
ing this. 


Welfare  fund:  the  Company's  contribu- 
tion to  the  fund  shall  be  increased  to  20 
cents  per  ton  on  all  coal  sold  or  used. 
However,  it  is  understood  that  all  coal 
produced  prior  to  the  date  of  this  agree- 
ment and  subsequently  sold  or  used  shall  be 
subject  to  the  former  payment  of  15  cents 
per  ton  to  the  fund. 


Manufacturing 

Grain  Mill  Products — Moose  Jaw,  Sask. 
— Robin  Hood  Flour  Mills  Limited 
and  United  Packinghouse  Workers  of 
America,  Local  201. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  January  6, 
1953,  to  January  6,  1955,  and  from  year  to 
year  thereafter,  subject  to  notice  of  amend- 
ment or  termination  between  60  and  30  days 
prior  to  expiration  date. 

Union  security:  all  members  of  the  union 
must  maintain  membership,  and  all  new 
employees  must  become  members  within  30 
days  after  date  of  employment  and  must 
remain  members. 

Check-off:  voluntary  and  subject  to  can- 
cellation at  any  time;  includes  initiation  fee 
and  general  assessments. 

Hours:  8  per  day,  a  44-hour  week.  Effec- 
tive August  31,  1953,  40  hours  shall  con- 
stitute the  basic  week.  Overtime:  a  premium 
shall  be  paid  for  time  worked  in  excess  of 
8  hours  per  day  or  44  hours  per  wreek  which- 
ever method  of  reckoning  gives  the  greater 
amount  of  overtime  for  the  work  wreek. 
After  August  31,  1953,  work  in  excess  of  40 
hours  in  one  week  shall  be  termed  overtime 
and  a  premium  of  one-half  the  straight  time 
rate,  exclusive  of  shift  premium,  shall  be 
paid  for  such  overtime.  Time  and  one-half 
for  work  on  Sundays  and  on  8  specified 
paid  holidays.  For  holidays  straight  time 
plus  the  premium  is  in  addition  to  pay  for 
the  holiday  at  straight  time  rates  in  which 
shift  premium  is  not  included.  Under  the 
previous  agreement  when  a  holiday  fell  on 
Saturday  employees  received  4  hours'  pay 
only. 

Rest  periods:  a  10-minute  rest  period 
midway  before  lunch  and  midway  after 
lunch. 


1631 


Vacations  with  pay:  2  weeks  after  one 
year's  service,  3  weeks  after  20  years'  ser- 
vice. Departmental  seniority  shall  govern 
choice  of  vacation  time. 

Hourly  wage  rates:  males — trick  miller 
$1.43;  machine  tender  $1.26  J;  packers 
(various),  machine  operator  (packaging 
department),  binner-distributor  $1,244; 
utility  man  $1.19  to  $1,244;  oiler,  warehouse- 
man and  weight  checker  $1.19  to  $1,214; 
sewer  and  baler,  trucker,  container  packer, 
container  sealer  $1.11  to  $1.19;  sweeper 
$1.12  to  $1,144;  head  packer,  car  sealer  and 
checker,  local  shipper  $1,244  to  $1.31  J; 
smutter,  grain  cleaner,  mixer  $1,214;  car 
paperer,  shoveller,  weighman,  sampler, 
screenings  loader  $1.19;  females — carton 
feeding  $1.06;  others  984  cents  to 
$1.04.  (The  above  rates  are  from  16  to 
174  cents  higher  for  males,  and  154  cents 
higher  for  females  than  the  previous 
rates.)  Effective  August  31,  1953,  the  above 
rates  are  to  be  increased  by  10  per  cent  to 
maintain  same  take-home  pay  for  the  40- 
hour  week  as  for  the  44-hour  week. 

Shift  premium:  shift  employees  shall  be 
paid  a  premium  of  3  cents  per  hour  for  work 
performed  on  the  second  shift  and  5  cents 
per  hour  for  the  third  shift.  The  starting 
rate  of  the  premium  shall  determine  the 
finishing  rate. 

Seniority:  departmental  seniority  shall 
prevail  in  promotions  and  increases  and 
reductions  of  staff,  ability  and  merit  being 
sufficient.  Plant-wide  promotions  may  be 
made  by  the  Company  giving  all  possible 
consideration  to  seniority  of  service.  When- 
ever practicable  plant-wide  service  shall  be 
given  consideration  in  layoffs  and  rehirings, 
merit  and  ability  being  sufficient. 

Grievance  procedure  is  provided  for. 

Rubber  Products  —  Granby,  Que. —  The 
Miner  Rubber  Company  Limited  and 
the  Rubber  Workers'  Federal  Union, 
Local  209  (TLC). 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  January 
1,  1953,  to  December  31,  1953,  and  thereafter 
from  year  to  year  subject  to  notice  within 
60  days  prior  to  expiration  date. 

This  agreement  is  similar  to  that  pre- 
viously in  effect  (L.G.,  Aug.  1952,  p.  1080) 
except  for  the  following  changes:  — 

Paid  holidays  are  increased  in  number 
from  6  to  8. 

Vacations  with  pay:  an  additional  week 
for  employees  with  15  years'  seniority, 
making  3  weeks  in  all;  the  third  week  to 
be  taken  at  a  time  designated  by  the 
Company. 

Wage  rates  are  increased  by  4  cents  per 
hour,  retroactive  to   January   1,   1953. 

Health  insurance  plan:  the  Company  and 
the  Union  agree  to  introduce  a  Family 
Health  Insurance  policy,  operated  by  the 
Quebec  Hospital  Service  Association  (Blue 
Cross)  to  take  effect  on  April  13,  1953. 
The  Policy  is  to  be  written  in  the  name  of 
the  Company  and  the  Union  and  admin- 
istered by  the  Company. 

The  financing  of  the  plan  is  by  monthly 
contributions  based  on  each  employee's 
weekly  earnings,  the  Company  paying  three- 
quarters  and  the  employee  one-quarter  of 
the  cost.  Combined  contributions  vary 
from  $2.93  per  month  for  single  employees 
earning  less  than  $40  per  week  to  $7.42  per 
month  for  married  employees  earning  $60 
or  more  per  week. 


Participation  in  the  plan  is  voluntary  for 
those  who  were  employed  on  March  9,  1953, 
but  compulsory  for  new  employees  who  have 
completed  their  probationary  period. 

Wood  Products  —  Sydney,  N.S.  —  J.  W. 
Stephens  Limited  and  the  Canadian 
Union  of  Building  Products  Workers, 
Local  No.  J,  (CCL). 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  May  18, 
1953,  to  May  17,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year  subject  to  notice  within  60 
days  prior  to  expiry  date. 

Check-off:  voluntary. 

Hours:  8  per  day,  44  per  week.  Overtime: 
time  and  one-half  after  8  hours  per  day 
Monday  to  Friday  inclusive,  and  after  4 
hours  on  Saturday.  Double  time  for  work 
on  9  holidays,  5  of  which  are  paid  after 
one  year's  service. 

Vacations  with  pay:  one  week  after  one 
year's  service,  2  weeks  after  5  years'  service. 
Employees  must  work  285  days  in  the  year 
to  earn  full  vacation  credit.  For  each  3 
days  unjustifiable  absence  from  work  an 
employee  shall  forfeit  one-half  day  of 
vacation. 

Hourly  tvage  rates:  machine  operators, 
resaw  man  $1.07  to  $1.18;  cabinet  makers 
$1.13  to  $1.35;  frame  makers  $1.13  to  $1.25: 
sash  and  door  makers  $1.12  to  $1.25; 
glaziers  $1.15  to  $1,314:  truck  drivers 
(yard)  $1.13  to  $1.23,  (factory)  $1.14  to 
$1.26i;  checkers,  labourers  99  cents  for  one 
month,  thereafter  $1.13;  mechanic  $1.22  to 
$1.32;  millwright  $1.27  to  $1.37;  shippers 
$1.26  to  $1.37;  apprentices,  starting  rate  75 
cents,  to  be  increased  by  5  cents  per  hour 
every  six  months  until  tradesman's  rate  is 
reached  at  the  end  of  4  years. 

Seniority  shall  apply  in  promotions  and 
layoffs,  merit  and  ability  being  sufficient, 
and  in  rehiring. 

Provision  is  made  for  settlement  of 
grievances. 

Wood  Products — British  Columbia  Coastal 
Region — Certain  firms  engaged  in 
manufacturing  of  rough  and  dressed 
lumber,  plywood,  veneer,  boxes, 
shingles,  doors,  etc.,  and  International 
Woodworkers  of  America. 
The    agreement    summarized    above    under 

"Logging"     applies     also     to     a     number     of 

companies     engaged     in     manufacturing    the 

above  products. 

Pulp    and    Paper — Kcnogami    and    River- 
bend,   Que. — Price  Brothers  and  Com- 
pany     Limited      and      the      Syndicat 
National  des  Travailleurs  de  la  Pulpe 
et  du  Papier,  Inc. 
Agreement   to  be   in  effect   from   July   15, 
1953,  to  April  30,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year   to   year   subject   to   notice    between    60 
and  30  days  prior  to  May  1  in  any  year. 

This  agreement  covers  only  the  employees 
who  are  under  the  jurisdiction  of  this  union. 
Other  employees  who  are  under  the  juris- 
diction of  the  International  Brotherhod  of 
Papermakers  and  the  Office  Empl< 
International  Union  are  covered  by  separate 
agreements. 

Hours:  8  per  day,  a  44-hour  week  (formerly 
48  hours  per  week).  By  giving^two  weeks' 
notice  between  August  1  and  November  1. 
1953,   the    union   may   request    the    reduction 


1632 


of  the  normal  work  week  to  40  hours. 
Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  time 
worked  in  excess  of  8  continuous  hours  in 
any  one  weekday,  and  for  all  work  done 
between  midnight  Saturday  and  midnight 
Sunday.  For  work  on  4  paid  holidays  time 
and  one-half  plus  one  day's  holiday  later. 
(Previously,  except  for  certain  maintenance 
employees  who  were  paid  overtime  after  8 
hours,  overtime  was  paid  after  10  hours  in 
any  one  weekday.) 

Vacations  with  pap:  one  week  after  one 
year's  service,  two  weeks  after  5  years,  and 
three  weeks  after  15  years.  Unauthorized 
absence  of  8  hours  or  more  shall  reduce 
the  vacation  by  a  like  period. 

Sick  leave:  to  employees  with  one  year  or 
more  of  service,  one  week  of  sick  leave  per 
calendar  year  is  allowed  with  pay  equivalent 
to  the  Group  Insurance  rate,  provided  the 
employee  has  been  sick  or  has  suffered  from 
a  non-occupational  accident  for  a  period  of 
not  less  than  12  consecutive  working  days 
and  subject  to  medical  examination  by  the 
Company's  physician. 

Wage  rates:  effective  as  of  the  start  of 
the  next  pay  period  after  June  18,  1953, 
when  the  weekly  hours  are  reduced  from  48 
to  44,  hourly  wage  rates  are  increased  by 
10  per  cent  so  that  the  base  rate  is  $1.38 
per  hour.  If  the  Union  requests  a  reduc- 
tion of  the  work  week  to  40  hours  (as 
explained  under  "Hours"  above),  at  the 
expiration  of  the  2-weeks'  notice  the  hourly 
wage  rates  in  force  on  June  18,  1953,  shall 
be  increased  by  12  per  cent,  with  a 
minimum  of  16  cents  (base  rate  $1.41).  If 
no  request  for  this  change  in  working  hours 
is  made  before  November  1,  1953,  the  wage 
rates  corresponding  to  the  44-hour  week  will 
remain  in  effect  until  April  30,  1954.  If  a 
request  for  a  change  to  the  40-hour  week 
is  made  the  agreement  may  be  opened  after 
November  1,  1953,  for  discussion  of  wage 
rates  only.  A  bonus  of  6  cents  per  hour 
worked  from  March  5,  1953,  to  the  date  of 
the  coming  into  force  of  the  rates  for  the 
44-hour  week  will  be  paid  to  all  employees 
coming  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Union. 

Off -shift  differential:  a  premium  of  3 
cents  per  hour  for  the  4-12  shift  and  5  cents 
per  hour  for  the  12-8  shift  will  be  paid 
only  to  employees  working  on  these  shifts  on 
a  rotating  basis  and  to  employees  whose 
regular  hours  fall  entirely  between  4  p.m. 
and  8  a.m.  These  premiums  shall  not  enter 
into  the  calculation  of  holiday  pay,  vacation 
pay  or  overtime. 

Seniority  is  to  be  considered  in  promo- 
tions and  layoffs,  and  those  who  have  been 
laid  off  are  to  be  given  preference  in  re- 
employment. A  procedure  for  the  settlement 
of  grievances  is  prescribed. 

Construction 

Plumbers — Toronto,  Ont. — Toronto  Labour 
Bureau  and  the  United  Association  of 
Journeymen  and  Apprentices  of  the 
Plumbing  and  Pipe  fitting  Industry  of 
the  United  States  and  Canada, 
Local  46. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  August 
1,  1953,  to  May  31,  1955,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year  subject  to  one  month's  notice. 
This  agreement  is  similar  to  the  one  pre- 
viously in  effect  (L.G.,  Dec.  1952,  p.  1595), 
with  the  following  changes:— 


Wage  rates:  foremen  $2.55  per  hour  to 
March  31,  1954,  and  $2.60  thereafter; 
journeymen  $2.30  per  hour  to  March  31, 
1954,  and  $2.35  per  hour  thereafter;  appren- 
tices first  year  30  per  cent,  second  year  40 
per  cent,  third  year  50  per  cent,  fourth  year 
70  per  cent,  and  fifth  year  85  per  cent  of 
journeyman's  rate.  (The  rates  to  March  31, 
1954,  are  15  cents  per  hour  higher  than  the 
previous  rates.) 

Out-of-town  jobs:  when  men  report  for 
work  on  out-of-town  jobs  and  are  sent  home 
due  to  job  conditions,  board  shall  be  paid 
for   the   full   day. 

Plumbers     and     Sheet     Metal     Workers — 

Moose  Jaw,  Sask. — Certain  contractors 
and  the  United  Association  of  Journey- 
men and  Apprentices  of  the  Plumbing 
and  Pipe  Fitting  Industry  of  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  Local  Ifi9. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  July  1, 
1953,  to  June  30,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year  subject  to  notice  of  between 
30  and  60  days. 

Union  security:  maintenance  of  member- 
ship for  all  members,  and  compulsory  mem- 
bership and  maintenance  for  all  new 
employees  within  30  days  of  hiring. 

Check-off:  voluntary. 

Hours:  8  per  day,  40  per  week.  Overtime: 
time  and  one-half  for  work  between  5  p.m. 
and  10  p.m.  Monday  to  Friday  inclusive. 
Double  time  for  work  between  10  p.m.  and 
8  a.m.  Monday  to  Friday,  and  from  10  p.m. 
Friday  to  8  a.m.  Monday,  except  oil  burner 
mechanics  who  will  be  paid  time  and 
one-half  for  overtime  hours.  There  are  8 
paid  holidays;  if  these  days  are  worked, 
double  time  in  addition  to  regular  pay. 

Hourly  wage  rates:  journeymen — plumbers 
and  pipe  fitters  $2;  sheet  metal  workers 
$1.77;  helpers  95  cents  (first  year)  to  $1.60 
(fourth  year).  Foreman  in  charge  of  three 
or  more  men  25  cents  above  journeyman's 
rate. 

Apprentices:  one  to  every  three  journey- 
men, and  a  helper  shall  not  be  allowed  to 
work  with  a  journeyman  in  preference  to  a 
registered  apprentice. 

Travelling  time  and  expenses  for  work 
outside  the  limits  of  Moose  Jaw:  single 
time  while  travelling  and  transportation 
paid.  After  working  one  month  transporta- 
tion to  be  paid  home  and  back  once  a 
month.  Transportation  and  travelling  time 
payment  may  be  withheld  if  a  workman 
leaves  the  job  of  his  own  accord.  Room  and 
board  paid  in  addition  to  regular  wages. 

Provision  is  made  for  settlement  of 
disputes. 

Bricklayers — Calgary — The  Calgary  Gen- 
eral Contractors  Association  and-  the 
Bricklayers,  Masons  and  Plasterers 
International  Union  of  America, 
Local  2. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  June  15. 
1953,  to  March  31,  1954.  A  new  agreement 
to  be  negotiated  during  February  1954.  This 
agreement  is  similar  to  that  previously  in 
effect  (L.G.,  Aug.  1952,  p.  1081),  except  for 
the  following  change: — 

Wages:  the  minimum  rate  shall  be  $2.22 
(previously  $2.15)    per  hour,  with  a  further 


1633 


15  cents  per  hour  for  all  firebrick  work. 
Foremen  shall  receive  not  less  than  20  cents 
per  hour  over  journeyman's  rate. 

Transportation  and  Public  Utilities 

Longshore  Work — St.  John's,  Newfound- 
land— The  Newfoundland  Employers' 
Association  and  the  Longshoremen's 
Protective  Union. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  May  1, 
1953,  to  April  30,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year  subject  to  60  days'  notice. 

Union  security:  union  members  are  to  be 
employed,  but  if  sufficient  numbers  are  not 
available  non-union  help  may  be  employed 
at  union  rates  of  pay  and  under  union  condi- 
tions. When  non-union  men  are  so  employed 
they  shall  not  be  replaced  by  union  labour 
except  at  the  beginning  of  a  working  period. 

Hours  of  work:  day — 9  a.m.  to  6  p.m., 
early  night — 7  p.m.  to  11  p.m.,  late  night — 
midnight  to  8  a.m.;  meal  hours — 8  a.m.  to 
9  a.m.,  1  p.m.  to  2  p.m.,  6  p.m.  to  7  p.m., 
11  p.m.  to  midnight.  Men  working  through  the 
night  may  carry  on  to  midnight  if  they  wish. 
Men  required  to  work  beyond  the  regular 
meal  hour  will  be  paid  at  meal  hour  rates. 
Men  required  to  work  after  midnight  shall 
be  allowed  a  short  time  for  lunch  if  the 
work  extends  beyond  4  a.m.,  or  alternatively 
shall  be  allowed  one-half  hour's  pay.  After 
working  continuously  for  20  hours  a  man 
shall  not  continue  to  work,  or  be  re-employed, 
until  he  has  had  at  least  8  hours  rest. 

Holidays:  10  specified  holidays  are  recog- 
nized, on  4  of  which  no  work  shall  be 
performed  except  the  handling  of  mail  and 
luggage,  or  in  cases  of  emergency.  On  the 
other  6  days  work  may  be  done  at  the 
employer's  request  at  meal  hour  rates.  On 
Christmas  Eve  no  work  shall  be  done  after 
11  p.m.,  and  any  work  performed  between 
6  p.m.  and  11  p.m.  shall  be  paid  at  Sunday 
rates. 

Hourly  wage  rates  for  (1)  day;  (2)  early 
night;  (3)  late  night;  (4)  meal  hours,  union 
holidays,  Saturday  night;  (5)  Sunday  and 
(6)  Sunday  meal  hour  work,  respectively, 
are:  Steamship — general  cargoes  $1.60,  $1.80, 
$2.35,  $2.50,  $3.20,  $4;  cement  $1.68,  $1.88, 
$2.43,  $2.58,  $3.36,  $4.16;  ammunition  $2.20, 
$2.63,  $3.12,  $3.27,  $4.40,  $5.20;  cold  storage 
on  ships  $1.78,  $1.98,  $2.53,  $2.68,  $3.56, 
$4.36;  general  labour  about  premises  $1.05, 
$1.16,  $1.41,  $2.01,  $2.10,  $2.48.  Special 
higher  rates  for  work  on  certain  cargoes 
are  also  provided. 

Waiting  time:  for  the  first  hour  full  rate, 
for-  each  subsequent  hour,  half  rate. 

Rules  are  given  governing  the  number  of 
men  to  be  used  per  gang  and  on  different 
types  of  ships,  the  size  of  sling  loads  for 
various  classes  of  cargo  and  the  use  of  trucks 
and  mechanical  equipment. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  settlement  of 
disputes. 

Service 

Municipal 

Fire-fighters — Vancouver,      B.C. — City      of 
Vancouver  and  the  International  Asso- 
ciation of  Firefighters,  Local  18. 
Agreement  to   be   in  effect   from   March    1. 

1953,   to    Februarv    28.    1954.    and    thereafter 


from  year  to  year  subject  to  notice  at  least 
2  months  prior  to  expiry  date.  This  agree- 
ment is  the  same  as  that  previously  in  effect 
(L.G.,  Sept.  1952,  p.  1221)  except  for  the 
following  changes: — 

Vacations  with  pay:  after  15  years'  ser- 
vice 21  calendar  days,  to  apply  during  1953 
(as  before) ;  in  1954  only  10  years'  con- 
tinuous service  will  be  required  to  qualify 
for  21  days'  vacation,  and  after  25  years' 
service  28  calendar  days'  vacation  are  to  be 
allowed.  Formerly  21  days  after  15  years 
was  the  maximum  vacation. 

Monthly  wage  rates:  firefighters,  1st  year 
$249,  2nd  year  $275,  3rd  year  $302,  4th  year 
$329;  lieutenant  $356;  captain  $381;  district 
chief  $439;  pilot  fire  boat  $394;  relief  pilot 
$356;  chief  engineer  fire  boat  $381;  shift 
engineer  $368;  machinist  mechanic  $342; 
master  mechanic  $413;  master  carpenter 
$379;  carpenter  $342;  first  aid  instructor, 
training  officer  $439;  fire  wardens  and  junior 
fire  alarm  operators  same  as  for  firefighters; 
firewarden  officers  same  as  for  firefighter 
officers;  senior  fire  alarm  operator  $375 
(the  above  rates  are  from  $8  to  $15  higher 
than  those  in  effect  under  the  former  agree- 
ment). Office  staff  shall  receive  the  same 
rates  of  pay  and  other  benefits  as  those  in 
equivalent  positions  on  the  City  Hall 
"Inside"  staff.  If  firefighters,  fire  wardens 
or  junior  alarm  operators  move  from  one 
classification  to  another,  experience  gained 
in  the  previous  classification  shall  count  as 
service  in  the  new  one,  with  pay  accordingly. 

Welfare  plan:  the  contribution  made  by 
the  City  is  increased  to  $3.50  (formerly 
$2.50)  per  month  in  respect  of  married  men, 
and  to  $1.65  (formerly  $1.25)  in  respect  of 
single  men.  As  in  the  previous  agreement 
this  does  not  apply  to  office  and  clerical 
workers. 

Hotels — Vancouver,  B.C. — British  Columbia 
Hotels  Association  and  the  Hotel  and 
Restaurant  Employees'  and  Bartenders' 
International  Union,  Local  28. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  May  1, 
1953,  to  April  30,  1955,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year  subject  to  60  days'  notice.  This 
agreement  is  similar  to  that  previously  in 
effect  (L.G.,  April  1952,  p.  448),  with 
certain  changes:  — 

Hours:  not  more  than  8  per  day  or  40  per 
week  (previously  44  per  week)  except  in 
ease  of  emergency.  Overtime:  time  and  one- 
half  for  work  in  excess  of  above  hours  and 
for  work  on  8  (previously  6)  specified 
holidays. 

Hourly  wage  rates:  room  clerks  $1.06A, 
switchboard  operators  892  cents,  assistant  and 
working  housekeepers  93|  cents,  linen  room 
assistants  and  seamstresses  88  cents,  maids 
84 !  cents,  cashiers  $1.00o,  mail  and  informa- 
tion clerks  89^  cents;  cooks  86|  cents  t<> 
$1.30i.  assistants  862  to  $1.14j,  helpers  B6 
cents  to  971   cents;   butcher  $1.2I|,  assistant 


1634 


$1.06|,  helper  86|  cents;  pastry  chef  $1.30J; 
head  pantryman  $1,141,  first  assistant  $1.03i, 
helper  86  .f  cents;  ice-man  and  day  porters 
86|  cents,  night  porters  92^  cents,  vegetable 
cleaners  86 1  cents;  dishwashers  male  83| 
cents,  female,  81?  cents;  waiters  86|  cents; 
bus  boys  (banquet  floor)  8I5  cents,  bus  boys 
and  bus  girls  (main  floor)  78^  cents  (all 
above  employees  except  front  office  cashiers 
and  mail  and  information  clerks  receive 
meals  in  addition) ;  waitresses  81i  to  86f 
cents,  elevator  operators  84  cents,  housemen 
and  janitors  89A  cents,  utility  janitors  $1,001, 
maintenance  men  $1.14i.  (The  above  rates 
are  from  9?  to  13 J  cents  per  hour  higher 
than  the  rates  paid  under  the  previous 
agreement.  Waiters  regularly  employed, 
or  bus  boy  or  girls  employed  as  waiters 
or  waitresses  at  a  function  (i.e.  8  persons 
or  more)  will  receive  80  cents  per  function 
as  a  bonus.  Short  shift  employees  (less 
than  8  hours  per  day)  shall  be  paid  for 
the  actual  hours  worked  at  the  pro  rata 
hourly  rate  plus  10  cents  per  hour  (formerly 
plus  5  cents  per  hour  with  a  minimum  of 
4  hours),  unless  a  short  shift  of  less  than 
8  but  not  less  than  4  hours  is  worked  by 
previous  agreement  between  employer  and 
employee,  or  after  previous  notice  by  the 
employer,  in  which  case  the  10  cents  penalty 
will  not  apply. 

Where  hotels  have  been  designated  as  "B" 
Class  hotels  the  rates  of  pay  shall  be  5 
cents  per  hour  less  than  the  above  wage 
rates  (previously  3  cents  less). 

The  cost-of-living  bonus  provision  con- 
tained in  the  previous  agreement  has  been 
omitted  from  the  present  agreement;  but 
the  wage  schedule  may  be  opened  for 
amendment  by  either  party  on  the  first 
anniversary  of  the  agreement  provided  that 
60   days'   notice   is   given. 


Hotels — New  Westminster,  B.C. — The  New 

Westminster  Hotels  Association  and  the 
Hotel  and  Restaurant  Employees'  and 
Bartender  s'  International  Union, 
Local  835. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  April  1, 
1953,  to  December  31,  1954,  and  thereafter 
from  year  to  year  subject  to  notice  within 
30  days  of  anniversary  date. 

Union  security:  all  help  must  be  hired 
through  the  union  office,  and  the  union  agrees 
to  furnish  satisfactory  help.  The  hotel 
proprietor  has  the  right  to  recommend  to 
the  union  for  the  purpose  of  taking  out  a 
union  card  or  permit  any  competent  man 
whom  he  wishes  to   employ. 

Hours:  8  per  day,  a  40-hour  week.  Until 
there  is  a  change  in  the  daily  operating 
hours  of  beer  parlours,  dispensers  may 
arrange  hours,  but  they  may  not  exceed  8 
or  be  spread  over  more  than  13  hours, 
except  in  emergency.  Overtime:  time  and 
one-half  for  work  in  excess  of  8  hours  per 
day  or  40  hours  per  week,  and  for  work  on 
7  specified  holidays.  Two  other  holidays  are 
also  mentioned. 

Wages  are  not  to  be  deducted  from  steady 
men  for  time  lost  on  legal  holidays.  This 
includes  short  shift  men  who  work  four 
hours  or  more  six  days  a  week. 

Vacations  ivith  pay:  2  weeks  after  one 
year's  consecutive  service. 

Wages:  tapmen  $61,  waiters  $54  per  week; 
short  shift  and  part  time  union  help  $1.35, 
spare  help  (permit)  non-union  $1.30  per 
hour. 

Special  jackets  and  uniforms  shall  be 
supplied   and  laundered  by  the  hotels. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  settlement  of 
disputes. 


Collective  Agreement  Act,  Quebec 


Recent  proceedings  under  the  Collective 
Agreement  Act,  Quebec  *  include  the  exten- 
sion of  one  new  agreement,  the  amend- 
ment of  six  and  the  repeal  of  four  others. 
In  addition  to  those  summarized  below, 
they  include:  the  amendment  of  the  agree- 
ment for  the  paint  industry  in  the  province 
published  in  the  Quebec  Official  Gazette  of 
August  29;  the  amendment  of  the  agree- 
ments for  retail  trade  at  Roberval  and  for 
gasoline     service     stations     at     Chicoutimi 


*In  Quebec,  the  Collective  Agreement  Act 
provides  that  where  a  collective  agreement 
has  been  entered  into  by  an  organization  of 
employees  and  one  or  more  employers  or 
associations  of  employers,  either  side  may 
apply  to  the  provincial  Minister  of  Labour 
to  have  the  terms  of  the  agreement  which 
concern  wages,  hours  of  labour,  apprentice- 
ship, and  certain  other  conditions  made 
binding  throughout  the  province  or  within 
a  certain  district  on  all  employers  and 
employees  in  the  trade  or  industry  covered 
by  the  agreement.  Notice  of  such  applica- 
tion   is    published    and    30    days    are    allowed 


gazetted  September  12;  the  repeal  of  the 
agreements  for  retail  trade  at  Magog,  at 
Megantic,  at  Richmond  and  Melbourne 
and  at  Windsor,  as  well  as  the  amendment 
of  the  agreement  for  barbers  at  Rouyn- 
Noranda  in  the  issue  of  September  19. 

A  request  for  the  amendment  of  the 
agreement  for  metal  trades  at  Quebec  was 
gazetted  August  29;  another  for  the  build- 
ing trades  at  Quebec  was  gazetted  Sep- 
tember 5.     A  request  for  a  new  agreement 

for  the  filing  of  objections,  after  which  an 
Order  in  Council  may  be  passed  granting 
the  application,  with  or  without  changes  as 
considered  advisable  by  the  Minister.  The 
Order  in  Council  may  be  amended  or 
revoked  in  the  same  manner.  Each  agree- 
ment is  administered  and  enforced  by  a 
joint  committee  of  the  parties.  References 
to  the  summary  of  this  Act  and  to  amend- 
ments to  it  are  given  in  the  Labour  Gazette, 
January  1949,  page  65.  Proceedings  under 
this  Act  and  earlier  legislation  have  been 
noted  in  the  Labour  Gazette  monthly  since 
June  1934. 


80153—5 


1635 


for  retail  trade  at  Coaticook  and  requests 
for  the  amendment  of  the  agreements  for 
building  trades  in  the  counties  of  Drum- 
mond,  Arthabaska  and  Nicolet,  at  Hull, 
and  at  Sherbrooke,  for  garages  at  Rimouski, 
and  for  the  men's  and  boys'  clothing 
industry  in  the  province  were  all  gazetted 
September  19. 

Orders  in  Council  were  also  published 
approving  the  constitution  and  by-laws  of 
certain  joint  committees  and  others  approv- 
ing the  levy  of  assessments  on  the  parties 
to  certain  agreements. 

Construction 

Building   Trades,   Trois   Rivieres   District. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  August  20 
and  gazetted  August  29,  amends  the 
previous  Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry 
(L.G.,  May,  p.  729,  Oct.,  p.  1505).  The 
present  agreement  will  remain  in  force  until 
March  1,  1955,  thereafter  from  year  to  year, 
subject  to  notice. 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates:  this  amend- 
ment provides  for  an  increase  of  5  cents 
per  hour  to  all  workers  in  Zones  I,  II  and 
III  with  the  exception  of  the  rate  for  tile 
layer  in  Zone  III  which  is  10  cents  higher. 
It  is  further  provided  that  6  months  after 
publication  of  the  present  amendment  all 
minimum  wage  rates  will  be  automatically 
increased  by   a   further   5   cents  per  hour. 

Escalator  wage  adjustment  clause:  exclu- 
sive of  the  5  cents  per  hour  automatic 
increase  provided  above,  all  hourly  rates 
will  be  increased  or  decreased  by  5  cents 
per  hour  for  each  rise  or  fall  of  5  full 
points  in  the  Consumer  Price  Index  pub- 
lished by  the  Federal  Bureau  of  Statistics, 
using  as  a  computing  basis  the  index  pub- 
lished on  February   1,   1954. 

Building  Trades,  St.  Hyacinthe. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  August  20 
and  gazetted  August  29,  amends  the 
previous  Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry 
(L.G.,  Jan.  1951,  p.  54,  April,  p.  546;  May 
1953,  p.  728,  and  previous  issues).  A  correc- 
tion of  this  agreement  was  published  in  the 
Quebec  Official  Gazette  of  March  28.  The 
present  agreement,  as  amended,  to  remain 
in  force  until  April  30,  1955,  and  there- 
after from  year  to  year,  subject  to  notice. 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work 
after  regular  hours,  when  employee's  work- 
ing period  on  urgent  operations  exceeds 
regular  hours  by  more  than  one-half  hour. 
(Other  regulations  providing  time  and  one- 
half  for  overtime  work  remain  unchanged.) 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates  for  certain 
classifications  are  now  as  follows:  bricklayer, 
mason,  plasterer,  cement  or  gypsum  block 
layer,  tile  layer  $1.55  in  Zone  I,  $1.35  in 
Zone  II  (increases  ranging  from  15  to  25 
cents  per  hour)  ;  carpenter,  joiner,  etc., 
cement  finisher,  lather  (wood  and  metal) 
$1.35  in  Zone  I,  $1.15  in  Zone  II;  journey- 
man electrician,  journeyman  pipe  mechanic, 
plumber,  etc.  $1.35  in  Zone  I,  $1.20  in  Zone 
II;  painter,  paperhanger,  glazier,  etc.  $1.25 
in  Zone  I,  $1.15  in  Zone  II;  millwright  $1.20 
in  Zone  I,  $1.05  in  Zone  II;  tinsmith- 
roofer  $1.35  in  Zone  I,  $1.10  in  Zone  II 
(an   increase   of   10   cents  per   hour   in   each 


case) ;  minimum  rates  for  truck  and  tractor 
drivers  $1  in  Zone  I,  90  cents  in  Zone  II 
and  for  labourers  $1  in  Zone  I,  85  cents  in 
Zone  II  are  unchanged.  (Minimum  wage 
rates  for  other  classifications  included  in 
the  new  table  of  wage  rates,  not  shown 
above,  are  in  most  cases  10  cents  per  hour 
higher  than  those  previously  in  effect.) 

Special  minimum  rates  in  certain  munici- 
palities, for  foremen  (in  charge  of  10  or 
more  men),  and  for  tradesmen  (limited  in 
number  on  any  job)  handicapped  by  age  or 
infirmity,  are  specified;  other  special  rates 
are  provided  for  handicapped  labourers  of 
municipal  corporations,  for  work  done  out- 
side towers,  steeples,  etc.,  over  and  above 
a  specified  height  and  for  those  employees 
living  in  Zone  I  and  working  in  Zone  II. 
(The  provisions  are  unchanged  from  those 
previously  in  effect  with  the  exception  of 
that  governing  foreman  which  previously 
did  not  specify  any  particular  number  of 
workers.) 

Building  Trades,   Montreal. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  September  10 
and  gazetted  September  19,  makes  binding 
the  terms  of  a  new  agreement  between  The 
iBuilders  Exchange  Inc.,  of  Montreal;  "The 
Corporation  of  Plumbing  and  Heating  Con- 
tractors of  the  Province  of  Quebec  (Mont- 
real Branch)";  "The  Corporation  of  Master 
Electricians  of  the  Province  of  Quebec 
(Montreal  Branch)";  and  The  Building  and 
Construction  Trades  Council  of  Montreal 
and  Vicinity  (AFL)  ;  Le  Conseil  des  Syndi- 
cats  des  metiers  de  la  Construction  de 
Montreal  (CTGC);  "The  United  Association 
of  Journeymen  and  Apprentices  of  the 
Plumbing  and  Pipe  Fitting  Industry  of  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  Local  No.  144"; 
Ij Association  des  Plombiers,  Soudeurs  et 
Poseurs  d'Appareils  de  Chauffage  des  Syndi- 
cats  nationaux  de  Montreal,  inc.  Agreement 
to  be  in  force  from  September  19,  1953, 
until  April  1,  1955.  However,  the  agree- 
ment may  be  reopened  after  April  1,  1954, 
with  respect  to  economic  clauses  only.  In 
addition,  the  privilege  of  requesting  the 
amendment  of,  or  new  agreements  for  cer- 
tain trades  as  plumbers,  asbestos  insulation 
workers,  tile  workers,  plasterers  and  elec- 
trical workers,  at  the  expiration  of  their 
initial   agreement,  is  continued. 

The  terms  of  this  agreement  are  similar 
to  those  previously  in  effect  (L.G.,  June 
1952,  p.  781;  March  1953,  p.  432,  April, 
p.  582,  May,  p.  728,  June,  p.  886,  Sept., 
p.  1326,  Oct.,  p.  1504)  with  the  following 
changes  and  additions: — 

Territorial  jurisdiction:  the  Island  of 
Montreal  and  within  a  radius  of  15  miles 
of  its  limits  with  the  exception  of  the 
counties  of  St.  John,  Iberville,  and 
L'Assomption  (the  latter  is  added)  ;  the 
city  of  Salaberry  of  Valleyfield  and  the 
municipality  of  Ormstown  (the  latter  is 
added)  ;  entire  province  with  respect  to  the 
installation  of  elevators  and  the  construc- 
tion of  steam  generators,  boilers  and  tanks. 

Hours  are  unchanged  for  qualified  trades- 
men, etc.,  at  8  per  day,  40  per  week.  How- 
ever, this  agreement  now  provides  for  a 
working  week  of  45  hours  (previously  50) 
for  labourers,  and  50  instead  of  55  for 
shovel  operators  and  pile  driver  nun  with 
associated   crews,   trucking   and   cartage,   etc. 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work  in 
excess    of    regular    hours;    double    time    for 


1636 


work  between  10  p.m.  and  8  a.m.  and  for 
work  on  Saturday  afternoons,  Sundays  or 
any  of  11  specified  holidays.  (Double  time 
on  Saturday  afternoons  is  included  for  the 
first  time.) 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates  for  all  classifi- 
cations included  in  the  general  table  of 
minimum  wage  rates  as  well  as  rates  for  oil 
burner  mechanics  are  increased  by  10  cents 
per  hour.  Weekly  minimum  wage  rates  for 
material  checker  and  timekeeper,  night 
watchmen  and  yardmen  are  $4  per  week 
higher.  This  agreement  now  provides  for 
3  hours'  pay  per  day  for  those  employees 
reporting  for  work,  who  have  not  been  noti- 
fied their  services  would  not  be  required, 
or  if  the  duration  of  work  is  less  than  the 
regular  day,  unless  they  refuse  the  work  of 
their  trade,  or  unless  work  is  suspended  on 
account  of  weather  conditions. 

This  agreement  includes  special  and  com- 
plementary provisions  governing  various 
trades  as  follows: — 

Elevator  Construction 

Working  conditions  and  minimum  wage 
rates  are  unchanged  from  those  previously 
in  effect  (L.G.,  March,  p.  432,  and  previous 
issues) . 

Plumbers,  etc—Part  "A" 

Working  conditions  and  minimum  wage 
rates  are  unchanged  from  those  previously 
in  effect  (L.G.,  March,  p.  432)  with  the 
exception  of  the  escalator  clause  which  is 
not  included. 

Asbestos  Insulation — Part  "B" 

The  terms  of  this  section  are  similar  to 
those  previously  in  effect  (L.G.,  May,  p.  728, 
and  previous  issues)  with  the  exception  of 
the  following:  — 

Overtime  provisions  are  as  provided  above 
under    the    terms    of    the    main    agreement. 


However,  this  section  now  provides  double 
time  for  work  on  Saturday  after  4.30  p.m. 
Minimum  hourly  wage  rates:  asbestos  in- 
sulation mechanic  $1.90,  junior  mechanic 
$1.50  (an  increase  of  5  cents  per  hour  in 
each  case).  Minimum  rates  for  apprentices 
(third  year)  and  for  foremen  are  5  cents 
per  hour  higher  while  rates  for  apprentices 
first  and  second  year  remain  unchanged. 
(Weekly  hours  remain  at  40.) 

Marble,  Tile,  Terrazzo  Trades — Part  "C" 

The  terms  of  this  section  are  similar  to 
those  previously  in  effect  (L.G.,  April, 
p.  582,  and  previous  issues)  with  the 
exception   of   the   following: — 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work 
in  excess  of  regular  hours;  double  time 
between  10  p.m.  and  8  a.m.,  and  for  work 
on  Saturdays,  Sundays,  or  any  8  specified 
holidays;  triple  time  for  work  on  3  addi- 
tional specified  paid  holidays.  (Previously 
time  and  one-half  for   Saturday  work.) 

Minimum  hourly  wage  rates  for  all  classifi- 
cations are  10  cents  per  hour  higher  than 
those  previously  in  effect  and  now  range 
from  $1.61  for  terrazzo  polisher  operators 
(wet)  to  $2  per  hour  for  marble  setters  and 
terrazzo  layers.  (Weekly  hours  remain  at 
40.) 

Three  hours'  pay  for  reporting  to  work 
if  not  notified  in  advance  that  services  not 
required  and  also  contingent  on  other  con- 
ditions outlined  above  in  the  minimum  rate 
section  of  main  agreement. 

Plasterers— Part  eeD" 
The   terms   of   this   section   are   similar   to 
those  previously  in  effect    (L.G.,   Sept.   1953, 
p.  1326). 

Electrical  Trade — Part  "E" 
The   terms   of   this   section    are   similar   to 
those   previously   in   effect    (L.G.,   Oct.    1953, 
p.  1504). 


Report  of  Board 


(Continued  from  page  1630) 

3.  The  two  rest  days  to  be  consecutive 
rest  days  if  possible,  but  always 
subject  to  the  exigencies  of  the 
service. 

4.  Voluntary  irrevocable  check-off  shall 
apply  during  the  terms  of  this  con- 
tract which  may  be  terminated  by 
an  employee  fifteen  days  before  the 
expiration  date  of  the  contract. 

5.  This  contract  shall  become  effective 
May  1,  1953,  and  terminate  on 
December  31,  1954. 

6.  In  all  other  respects  the  original 
working     agreement     entered     into 


between  the  employer  and  employee 
and    which    expired    on    April    30, 
1953,  shall  be  retained  and   carried 
into  the  new  contract. 
7.  The  Board  wishes  to  take  this  oppor- 
tunity   to    indicate    that    there    was    every 
assistance    and    co-operation   by    and   from 
all  parties  involved. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

(Sgd.)  V.  J.  Pottier, 

Chairman. 
(Sgd.)  John  T.  MacQuarrie. 
(Sgd.)  R.  A.  Kanigsberg. 


80153—5^ 


1637 


Labour    Law 

Labour  Legislation  in  New  Brunswick, 
Ontario  and  Saskatchewan  in  1953 

Ontario  and  Saskatchewan  increase  certain  benefits  under  Workmen's 
Compensation  Acts.  Ontario  passes  legislation  to  ensure  safe  opera- 
tion of  elevators  and  hoists;  Saskatchewan,  of  gas-burning  equipment. 
Saskatchewan  makes  provision  for  compulsory  arbitration  for  policemen 
and  firemen.  New  Brunswick  passes  Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of  Labour  Act 


NEW  BRUNSWICK 

A  new  labour  law  passed  at  the  1953 
session  of  the  New  Brunswick  Legislature, 
which  sat  from  February  12  to  April  1, 
was  the  Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of  Labour 
Act.  Besides  requiring  fair  wages  to  be 
paid  in  government  construction  under- 
takings, the  new  Act  limits  the  hours  of 
employees  engaged  on  such  projects  to 
eight  in  a  day  and  44  in  a  week. 

Amendments  were  made  to  the  Labour 
Relations  Act  to  permit  the  employees  of 
any  government  board  or  commission  to  be 
brought  under  the  Act  by  Order  in  Council. 
The  Workmen's  Compensation  Act  was 
also  amended  and  now  makes  provision 
for  a  conclusive  ruling  by  a  medical  referee 
in  cases  of  disputed  medical  opinion. 

Fair  Wages 

A  new  Act,  effective  May  1,  1953, 
requires  contractors  engaged  in  construc- 
tion work  for  the  provincial  Government 
or  a  crown  corporation  to  pay  fair  wages 
to  their  employees  and  to  observe  an 
eight-hour  day  and  44-hour  week.  "Fair 
wages"  are  denned  as  the  current  wages 
paid  to  other  workmen  performing  the 
same  class  of  work  in  the  district. 

The  Minister  of  Labour  has  authority  to 
classify  workmen  and  to  prepare  fair  wage 
schedules.  If  the  same  class  of  work  is 
not  performed  locally,  he  may  prepare 
minimum  wage  schedules  instead.  Longer 
working  hours  than  the  Act  permits  may 
be  worked  only  in  cases  where  the 
Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council  grants 
permission  or  where  an  emergency  is 
declared  by  the  Minister. 

A  contractor  must  post  fair  wage 
schedules,  keep  records  of  his  employees 
and  their  wages  and  hours,  permit  inspec- 


iThis  section,  prepared  by  the  Legisla- 
tion Branch,  reviews  labour  laws  as  they 
are  enacted  by  Parliament  and  the 
provincial  legislatures,  regulations  under 
these  laws,  and  selected  court  decisions 
affecting  labour. 


tion  of  the  records,  and  file  with  the 
Minister  a  sworn  statement  that  wage  rates 
and  hours  meet  the  requirements  of  the 
Act  and  that  no  wages  are  in  arrears. 
Any  other  information  required  by  the 
Minister  must  be  furnished  and  written 
permission  must  be  obtained  from  him 
before  a  contractor  contracts  with  a  sub- 
contractor. The  nature  of  the  work  and 
the  classes  of  employees  likely  to  be 
employed  must  be  reported  to  the  Minister 
by  any  government  department  or  crown 
corporation  planning  to  let  a  contract.  As 
security  for  the  payment  of  the  proper 
wages,  the  Minister  may  direct  the  depart- 
ment or  corporation  to  withhold  25  per 
cent  or  less  of  the  payments  owing  a 
contractor  and,  if  the  contractor  violates 
the  Act,  may  order  wages  paid  to  the 
employees  from  the  amounts  owing  the 
contractor. 

The  Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council  may 
fix  rates  for  overtime  and  designate  any 
person,  board  or  commission  acting  as  &D 
agent  of  Her  Majesty  to  be  a  crown 
corporation    for    the    purposes    of    the    Act. 

Apart  from  industrial  standards  schedules, 
the  new  Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of  Labour 
Ad  is  the  first  legal  limitation  on  hours 
of  male  employees  in   New  Brunswick. 

Labour  Relations 

An  amendment  to  the  Labour  Relation- 
Act  authorizes  the  Lieutenant-Governor  in 
Council  to  declare  any  person,  corporation, 
board     or    commission     acting     for    or    on 


1638 


behalf  of  or  as  an  agent  of  Her  Majesty 
to  be  an  employer  for  the  purposes  of  the 
Act  with  respect  to  any  group  of  employees 
designated  in  the  order. 

The  amendment  followed  the  conclusion 
of  an  agreement  between  the  New  Bruns- 
wick Power  Commission  and  its  employees 
and  was  intended  primarily  to  bring  these 
employees  under  the  Act.  The  amend- 
ment became  effective  on  March  31. 

Workmen's  Compensation 

The  Workmen's  Compensation  Act  was 
amended  to  require  the  referral  of  dis- 
puted medical  opinions  to  a  medical 
referee,  to  be  appointed  as  provided  by 
order  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor  in 
Council,  in  cases  where  the  workman  was 
examined  at  the  request  of  the  employer 
by  a  doctor  chosen  and  paid  by  the 
employer  or  on  his  own  initiative  has  had 
an  examination  by  a  doctor  selected  by 
himself  and  either  employer  or  workman 
is  dissatisfied  with  the  doctor's  report. 

The  referee  will  certify  to  the  Board 
as  to  the  condition  of  the  workman  and 
his  fitness  for  employment,  specifying 
where  necessary  the  kind  of  employment 
which  he  may  undertake  or  the  cause  of 
his  unfitness  for  employment.  The  referee's 
decision  in  the  matters  certified  will  be 
final. 

The  workman's  right  to  compensation  or 
to  any  periodic  payments  he  receives  will, 
as  before,  be  suspended  until  he  submits 
to  any  required  examination. 

The  two  new  sections  which  were  added 
supplement  provisions  already  in  the  Act 
which  require  a  workman  to  submit  him- 
self for  examination,  at  the  direction  of 
the  Board,  by  a  medical  referee  chosen 
by  the  Board. 

The  amendment,  contained  in  the 
Revised  Statutes,  1952,  Amendment  Act, 
went  into  effect  on  April  1,  1953. 

Rent  Control 

The  Municipal  Rent  Control  Act.  1951, 
which  was  to  expire  on  April  30,  1953,  was 
extended  for  another  year  to  April  30, 
1954. 

Licensing  ot  Electricians 

A  new  section  in  the  Electrical  Energy 
Act.  1931,  authorizes  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor  in  Council  to  make  regulations 
providing  for  the  licensing  of  persons  who 
install,  alter  or  remove  any  electrical 
wiring  or  equipment  and  prohibiting  such 
work  by  unlicensed   persons. 

The  Act,  which  would  not  apply  to 
telephone  or  telegraph  companies,  has 
never  been  proclaimed  in  effect.     Provision 


is  now  made  for  it  to  be  proclaimed 
either  in  the  province  as  a  whole  or  in 
any  city,  town,  incorporated  village,  local 
improvement  district,  county  or  portion  of 
a  county. 

ONTARIO 

Safety  legislation  formed  the  major  part 
of  the  labour  enactments  at  the  1953 
session  of  the  Ontario  Legislature,  which 
opened  February  12  and  prorogued  April  2. 

A  new  Elevators  and  Lifts  Act  provides 
for  provincial  control  of  passenger  and 
freight  elevators  and  requires  that  they  be 
licensed  and  inspected  annually  by  an 
inspector  who  holds  a  certificate  of  com- 
petency. Another  new  Act,  the  Oil  Pipe 
Lines  Act,  is  designed  to  provide  for  the 
safe  construction  of  pipe  lines  to  carry 
petroleum  and  petroleum  products.  The 
Operating  Engineers  Act,  dealing  with  the 
examination  and  certification  of  operating 
engineers  and  the  registration  of  steam- 
plants,  is  a  complete  revision  of  the  1937 
Act.  Amendments  to  the  new  Boilers  and 
Pressure  Vessels  Act,  which  was  pro- 
claimed on  March  27,  bring  fittings  con- 
nected with  boilers  and  pressure  vessels 
under  the  Act  and  provide  for  stricter 
control  over  welding. 

The  Factory,  Shop  and  Office  Building 
Act  was  amended  to  permit  the  night  work 
of  women  and  young  persons,  provided  the 
Minister  is  satisfied  that  it  is  not  detri- 
mental to  the  employee,  and  to  provide 
for  the  charging  of  fees  for  the  examination 
of  building  plans. 

Amendments  to  the  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation Act  raised  the  monthly  pay- 
ment to  a  widow  to  $75  and  to  a  child 
to  $25,  or  $35  if  the  child  is  an  orphan. 

Workmen's  Compensation 

Substantially  higher  benefits  to  the 
widow  and  children  of  a  deceased  work- 
man were  provided  for  in  the  1953  amend- 
ments to  the  Workmen's  Compensation 
Act.  The  monthly  allowance  for  a  widow 
or  invalid  widower  was  raised  from  $50 
to  $75  and  an  increase  from  $12  to  $25 
a  month  was  granted  for  each  child  under 
16  years.  In  only  one  other  province, 
British  Columbia,  is  a  $75  monthly  allow- 
ance payable  to  a  widow,  and  the  children's 
allowance  now  payable  in  Ontario  is 
equalled  in  only  two  other  provinces, 
Alberta  and  Saskatchewan.  The  allow- 
ance for  an  orphan  child  was  increased 
from  $20  to  $35  a  month,  the  highest 
payable  in  Canada. 

Another  amendment  raised  the  maximum 
compensation    payable    to    the    widow    and 


1639 


children  of  a  deceased  workman  in  cases 
where  the  workman's  earnings  were  low. 
The  Act  provides  that  the  total  amount 
of  the  allowances  paid  each  month  to  the 
dependants  of  a  deceased  workman  may 
reach  but  not  exceed  the  average  monthly 
earnings  of  the  workman  before  his  death, 
and  that  where  the  allowances  exceed  such 
earnings  they  must  be  reduced  accord- 
ingly. However,  the  Act  fixes  minimum 
payments  for  the  protection  of  families 
which  would  apply  where  there  are  several 
children  and  where  the  workman's  earn- 
ings were  low.  These  minima  are  $75  for 
a  widow  and  $25  for  each  child  subject  to 
a  total  of  $150  for  widow  and  children. 
If  the  sum  of  the  allowances  otherwise 
payable  does  not  exceed  $150,  the  full 
amount  must  be  paid  even  if  it  is  more 
than  the  workman's  average  monthly 
earnings.  If  the  amount  of  allowances 
otherwise  payable  to  the  widow  and 
children  is  more  than  $150  (i.e.,  if  the 
dependants  are  a  widow  and  more  than 
three  children  or  more  than  four  orphan 
children)  and  the  workman's  average  earn- 
ings were  less  than  $150  a  month,  the  total 
sum  to  be  paid  will  be  reduced  to  $150. 
Previously,  the  compensation  could  be 
reduced  to  $100  if  the  amount  otherwise 
payable   exceeded   the   workman's   earnings. 

The  changes  in  the  allowances  for  widows 
and  children  and  the  higher  amount  fixed 
for  the  total  minimum  monthly  payments 
are  not  retroactive  and  apply  only  where 
the  accident  causing  the  workman's  death 
happens  on  or  after  April  2,  1953,  the  date 
the  amending  Act  came  into  force. 

Amendments  were  also  made  to  the  sec- 
tions which  deal  with  accidents  occurring 
outside  Ontario.  The  Act  previously  per- 
mitted compensation  to  be  paid  for  an 
accident  which  happened  outside  Ontario 
to  a  workman  on  a  ship  or  railway  when 
the  workman's  residence  was  in  Ontario 
and  he  was  required  to  work  both  in  and 
out  of  the  province.  The  scope  of  this 
section  was  extended  to  accidents  happen- 
ing on  an  aircraft,  or  on  a  truck,  bus  or 
other  vehicle  used  to  transport  passengers 
or  goods.  In  this  respect  the  Ontario  Act 
is  now  like  that  of  British  Columbia. 

A  new  subsection  added  to  the  Act 
provides  for  the  coverage  of  workmen  who 
are  sent  by  their  employer  to  work  out 
of  Ontario  for  six  months  or  more.  An 
employer  in  an  industry  covered  by  the 
collective  liability  system  whose  place  of 
business  is  in  Ontario  may  apply  to  the 
Workman's  Compensation  Board  to  be 
assessed  on  the  earnings  of  any  workman 
who  is  to  be  employed  out  of  the  province 


for  six  months  or  longer.  If  the  applica- 
tion is  accepted,  the  workman  or  his 
dependants  will  receive  compensation  for 
an  accident  occurring  out  of  Ontario  in  the 
same  way  as  if  it  had  occurred  inside  the 
province.  Before  this  amendment  was 
adopted,  such  coverage  was  available  only 
if  the  workmen  were  required  to  work  out 
of  Ontario  for  fewer  than  six  months. 

A  further  change,  one  recommended  by 
Mr.  Justice  Roach  in  his  1950  Royal 
Commission  Report,  makes  provision  for 
an  agreement  concerning  assessments 
between  the  Ontario  Board  and  the 
Board  of  any  other  province  or  terri- 
tory in  order  to  prevent  employers  whose 
workmen  work  part  of  the  time  in  Ontario 
and  part  of  the  time  in  another  province 
from  having  to  pay  double  assessments. 
Under  such  an  arrangement,  the  employer 
would  be  assessed  by  the  Ontario  Board 
only  on  the  wages  of  these  workmen  which 
are  earned  in  Ontario  and  by  the  Board 
of  the  other  province  on  the  wages  earned 
there.  The  amendment  gives  the  Ontario 
Board  authority  to  make  an  agreement 
providing  for  an  equitable  adjustment  of 
assessments  and  to  reimburse  another 
Board  for  any  payment  of  compensation, 
rehabilitation  or  medical  aid  made  under 
the  agreement. 

A  very  minor  change  was  made  in  the 
section  of  the  Act  dealing  with  third  party 
actions.  Under  this  section,  a  right  of 
election  exists  as  to  whether  a  workman 
or  his  dependants  will  claim  compensation 
or  bring  an  action  in  court  against  the 
person  responsible  for  the  accident.  A  new 
subsection  was  added  to  provide  that, 
where  there  are  infant  dependants,  the 
election  may  be  made  on  their  behalf  by 
a  parent  or  guardian. 

Factory,  Shop  and  Office  Building  Act 

Two  new  provisions  in  the  Factory,  Shop 
and  Office  Building  Act  permit  night  work 
of  women  and  young  persons  under  certain 
conditions  and  authorize  a  fee  to  be 
charged  for  the  examination  of  building 
plans  required  by  the  Act. 

The  Minister  of  Labour  was  given 
discretion  to  allow  women  and  youths  to 
be  employed  during  hours  other  than  those 
prescribed  by  the  Act.  Except  under 
permit  from  the  factory  inspector,  the  Act 
prohibits  girls  over  14  and  boys  between 
14  and  16  years  from  being  employed  after 
6.30  p.m.  in  a  factory  or  after  11  p.m. 
in  a  shop  or  restaurant.  Permits  may  be 
granted  allowing  youths,  young  girls  and 
women  to  work  up  to  9  p.m.  in  a  factory 
and  women  over  18  years  to  work  up  to 


1640 


2  a.m.  in  a  restaurant.  The  Minister  may 
now  authorize  work  until  later  hours  upon 
such  conditions  as  he  may  determine  and 
provided  he  is  satisfied  that  it  will  not  be 
detrimental  to  the  health,  welfare  and 
safety  of  the  worker.  The  Minister  was 
also  given  power  to  suspend  or  revoke  any 
permit  issued  under  the  Act. 

Provision  is  now  made  for  a  fee  to  be 
charged  for  examination  and  approval  by 
the  Department  of  building  plans  or  plans 
of  alteration  for  a  factory  or  any  building 
over  two  storeys  in  height  which  is  to  be 
used  as  a  shop,  bakeshop,  restaurant  or 
office  building.  Formerly,  such  plans  were 
examined  by  the  Department  free  of  charge. 

The  fees  to  be  charged  for  approval  of 
plans  and  the  application  forms  were  set 
out  in  recent  regulations.  The  fees  are 
based  on  the  estimated  cost  of  the  work. 
(L.G.,  Aug.  1953,  p.  1186.) 

At  the  same  time  the  procedure  for 
obtaining  departmental  approval  of  plans 
was  clarified.  Before  construction  or 
alteration  is  begun,  the  owner  must  fill 
out  the  prescribed  application  form  and 
send  it  to  the  Department  together  with 
drawings  and  specifications  in  duplicate  and 
an  estimate  of  the  cost  of  the  proposed 
work.  On  receipt  of  the  application,  the 
Chief  Inspector  must  approve  the  esti- 
mated cost,  or  himself  estimate  the  cost, 
and  fix  the  fees  for  approval  of  the  plans. 
When  the  fees  are  paid,  the  Chief 
Inspector  will  examine  the  plans,  give  his 
approval  if  they  comply  with  the  Act,  and 
return  one  copy  to  the  applicant,  after 
which  construction  or  alteration  may  pro- 
ceed. The  Chief  Inspector  is  authorized 
to  delegate  his  powers  in  this  respect. 

As  a  result  of  the  new  Elevators  and 
Lifts  Act  passed  this  year,  Section  58  of 
the  Act,  which  sets  out  safety  require- 
ments with  respect  to  elevators  and  hoists, 
is  now  unnecessary  and  will  be  repealed 
when  the  Act  is  proclaimed.  It  will  be 
replaced  by  a  general  section  providing 
that,  where  such  equipment  does  not  con- 
form to  the  Elevators  and  Lifts  Act,  the 
safety  of  the  persons  employed  in  the 
building  will  be  deemed  to  be  endangered. 
For  this  offence  under  the  Factory,  Shop 
and  Office  Building  Act  an  owner  or 
employer  is  liable  to  a  maximum  fine 
of  $500. 

Inspection  and  Licensing  of  Elevators 

The  Elevators  and  Lifts  Act,  which  will 
come  into  force  on  proclamation,  provides 
for  provincial  control  over  the  licensing 
and  inspection  of  elevators  and  lifts. 
Until  this  time  regulation  of  passenger 
and  freight  elevators  was  under  the  juris- 


diction of  the  municipalities  by  virtue  of 
Section  407  of  the  Municipal  Act.  How- 
ever, since  only  a  few  municipalities,  other 
than  the  City  of  Toronto,  have  made 
by-laws  under  this  section,  it  was  decided 
that,  in  the  interest  of  safety  both  of  the 
public  and  of  workmen,  the  Department 
of  Labour  should  be  given  the  responsi- 
bility of  regulating  elevators  and  lifts  in 
the  province. 

Two  other  provinces,  Saskatchewan  and 
Manitoba,  have  legislation  providing  for 
the  licensing  and  inspection  of  elevators 
under  provincial  authority.  In  addition, 
most  provinces  provide  for  inspection  of 
elevators  and  hoists  under  factories  Acts. 
The  relevant  section  of  the  Ontario 
Factory,  Shop  and  Office  Building  Act 
will  be  repealed  when  the  new  Act 
is  proclaimed. 

In  brief,  the  requirements  of  the  Act  are 
as  follows:  The  approval  of  the  Depart- 
ment is  required  before  any  new  installa- 
tions may  be  made  or  any  major  alterations 
undertaken.  No  elevator  or  hoist  may  be 
operated  unless  it  is  licensed  by  the 
Department  and  every  elevator  or  hoist 
must  be  inspected  at  least  annually  by  an 
inspector  who  holds  a  certificate  of  com- 
petency. In  addition,  regulations  may  be 
issued  under  the  Act  to  provide  for  the 
licensing  of  elevator  operators.  Safety 
standards  with  respect  to  construction, 
installation  and  maintenance  of  elevators 
and  lifts  may  also  be  set  by  regulation. 

The  Act  applies  to  all  elevators,  dumb- 
waiters, escalators,  manlifts  and  incline 
lifts  except  those  in  private  dwellings 
(unless  the  owner  requests  to  come  under 
the  Act) ;  elevators  and  hoists  covered  by 
the  Mining  Act;  feeding  machines  or  belt, 
bucket,  scoop,  roller  or  any  similar  type 
of  freight  conveyor;  freight  ramps  or  plat- 
forms rising  five  feet  or  less;  lubrication 
hoists;  stacking  machines  used  within  one 
storey;  and  temporary  hoists  used  during 
the  construction,  repair,  alteration  or  demo- 
lition of  buildings.  Other  classes  of 
elevators  and  lifts  may  be  exempted  by 
regulation.  It  is  proposed  to  exclude  by 
regulation  passenger  elevators  in  municipal 
buildings  in  Toronto. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  appointment 
of  a  Chief  Elevator  Inspector  and  an 
inspection  staff  to  administer  the  Act.  All 
inspectors,  including  insurance  company 
inspectors,  must  hold  a  certificate  of 
competency.  The  Minister  may  authorize 
the  Chief  Inspector  to  use  the  services  of 
any  other  person  who  holds  a  certificate 
of  competency  to  inspect  a  particular 
elevator    or    lift.     Such    a   person    will   be 


1641 


deemed  to  be  an  inspector  for  this  purpose 
only  and  must  report  on  the  inspection 
immediately  to  the  Chief  Inspector. 

The  qualifications  of  inspectors  and  the 
provisions  for  issuing  certificates  of  com- 
petency to  government  inspectors  and 
others  qualified  to  carry  out  inspections 
under  the  Act  will  be  prescribed  by 
regulation. 

An  annual  inspection  of  every  elevator 
and  hoist  must  be  made  either  by  an 
inspector  or  by  a  representative  of  the 
insurer.  If  the  inspection  has  been  made 
by  the  insurer,  the  Chief  Inspector  may 
at  any  time  require  a  further  inspection 
by  a  government  inspector.  A  copy  of 
the  report  of  each  annual  inspection  made 
by  an  inspector  of  an  insurance  company 
must  be  filed  with  the  Chief  Inspector 
within  30  days  unless  the  insurer  finds  an 
unsafe  condition  in  which  case  he  must 
forward  a  copy  of  the  inspection  report 
to  the  Chief  Inspector  within  24  hours. 
The  insurer  must  notify  the  Chief  Inspector 
if  he  cancels  the  insurance  or  rejects  an 
application  for  insurance  on  any  elevator 
or  lift  and  give  reasons  for  his  action. 

In  carrying  out  inspections  under  the 
Act  inspectors  are  required  to  apply  to 
new  installations  the  rules  contained  in  the 
1951  edition  of  the  Safety  Code  for 
Passenger  and  Freight  Elevators  of  the 
Canadian  Standards  Association.  Such 
parts  of  the  Code  as  the  regulations  require 
must  be  used  during  inspection  of  major 
alterations  of  elevators,  dumb-waiters  or 
escalators  and  of  new  installations  or  major 
alterations  of  incline  lifts. 

An  inspector  has  the  right  to  enter  any 
premises  where  he  has  reason  to  believe 
that  an  elevator  or  lift  is  being  installed 
.or  operated  and  he  may  require  the  owner 
to  comply  with  the  Act  or  regulations 
within  a  specified   time. 

An  aggrieved  person  may  appeal  in 
writing  to  the  Minister  within  10  days 
after  receiving  the  inspector's  notice.  The 
Minister  will  then  notify  interested  parties, 
hear  the  appeal  and  issue  an  order  approv- 
ing, disapproving  or  varying  the  inspector's 
notice. 

The  drawings  and  specifications  of  all 
new  installations  or  major  alterations  must 
be  approved  by  an  engineer  of  the  Depart- 
ment before  work  is  begun.  Copies  must 
be  submitted  in  triplicate  together  with 
complete  information  regarding  the  size, 
composition  and  arrangement  of  the  pro- 
posed installation  or  alteration.  If  the 
drawings  and  specifications  comply  with 
the  Act,  the  Department  will  approve  them 
in  writing  and  return  one  set  to  the  person 
who  submitted  them. 


A  licence  is  required  for  the  operation 
of  every  elevator,  dumb-waiter,  escalator, 
manlift  and  incline  lift  covered  by  the 
Act.  The  licence,  issued  by  the  Chief 
Inspector,  is  valid  for  one  year  and  will 
designate  the  elevator  or  lift  for  which  it 
is  granted  and  state  its  maximum  capacity. 
It  must  be  kept  posted  in  a  conspicuous 
place  in  the  elevator  car  or  adjacent  to 
the  dumb-waiter,  escalator,  manlift  or 
incline  lift  for  which  it  is  issued.  If  the 
licence  is  suspended  or  revoked,  the  Chief 
Inspector  may  do  whatever  is  necessary  to 
ensure  that  the  elevator  is  not  operated. 

The  compulsory  licensing  of  elevator 
operators  may  be  provided  for  by  regu- 
lation and  a  minimum  age  and  course  of 
training  may  be  prescribed.  The  regula- 
tions may  also  require  the  annual  regis- 
tration of  contractors. 

If  an  accident  occurs  which  causes  injury 
to  any  person  or  if  the  emergency  support- 
ing devices  engage,  or  if  an  elevator, 
dumb-waiter,  escalator,  manlift  or  incline 
lift  falls  freely,  the  owner  must  notify  the 
Chief  Inspector  in  writing,  giving  full 
particulars,  within  24  hours.  If  an  accident 
results  in  death  or  in  serious  injury  which 
may  cause  death,  the  owner  must  notify 
the  Chief  Inspector  by  telephone  or  tele- 
graph immediately  and  no  person  may 
disturb  any  wreckage  or  article  connected 
with  the  accident,  except  to  save  life  or 
relieve  suffering,  until  the  Chief  Inspector 
grants  permission  to  do  so.  When  the 
Chief  Inspector  receives  the  notice,  he 
must  have  an  investigation  carried  out  to 
determine  the  cause  of  the  accident  or 
occurrence. 

The  Act  and  regulations  do  not  affect 
any  other  Act  or  municipal  by-law  relating 
to  hoistways  which  imposes  more  stringent 
requirements  but  no  urban  municipality, 
except  Toronto,  may  pass  by-laws  relating 
to  any  matter  covered  by  the  Act.  All 
such  by-laws  now  in  existence  will  be 
repealed  when  the  Act  is  proclaimed. 

The  Act  forbids  an  owner  to  operate  an 
elevator  or  lift  unless  it  complies  with  the 
Act  and  regulations  or  to  operate  it  if  its 
load  exceeds  the  maximum  capacity  as 
designated  in  the  licence  or  if  he  has 
reason  to  believe  that  it  is  otherwise  unsafe. 
A  penalty  of  up  to  $500  is  provided  for 
these  and  other  violations  of  the  Act  or 
regulations. 

Boilers  and  Pressure  Vessels 

Changes  were  made  in  the  Boilers  and 
Pressure  Vessels  Act.  1951.  which  was 
proclaimed  in  force  on  March  27.  The 
amendments    provide    for    stricter    control 


1642 


over  the  qualification  of  welders  and  bring 
under  the  Act  fittings  used  in  connection 
with  boilers  and  pressure  vessels. 

Every  welding  operator  must  now  pass 
a  welder's  qualification  test  and  hold  an 
identification  card.  Formerly,  the  Act  did 
not  provide  for  compulsory  tests  but  did 
require  the  registration  of  all  welders  and 
authorized  the  holding  of  welders'  tests 
only  at  the  discretion  of  the  Chief 
Inspector  and  whenever  a  welder  changed 
his  employment.  The  identification  card 
now  issued  to  an  operator  who  passes  the 
test  will  name  the  welder's  employer  and 
indicate  the  class  of  welding  which  the 
welder  is  qualified  to  perform.  A  welder 
is  not  allowed  to  weld  for  a  new  employer 
unless  he  passes  a  further  test  and  has 
been  given  a  new  card.  The  identification 
card  must  be  carried  by  the  welder  when- 
ever he  is  working  at  his  trade  and  must 
be  produced  at  the  request  of  an  inspector. 
Further  qualification  tests  may  be  required 
by  the  Chief  Inspector  at  any  time,  on  the 
passing  of  which  a  new  card  will  be  issued. 
The  fees,  to  be  fixed  by  regulation,  must 
be  paid  by  the  employer  when  the  test  is 
given. 

An  obligation  is  placed  on  both  the 
welding  operator  and  the  employer  to  see 
that  the  welder  does  not  perform  any 
welding  except  for  the  person  named  on 
his  card  nor  do  welding  of  a  class  for 
which  he  is  not  qualified. 

The  amending  Act  authorizes  regulations 
to  be  made  to  provide  for  the  assigning 
of  symbols  to  welding  operators  and  the 
manner  in  which  symbols  will  be  stamped 
on  welds. 

Another  amendment  extended  the  cover- 
age of  the  Act  to  pipes,  fittings  and  other 
equipment  used  in  connection  with  boilers 
and  pressure  vessels.  As  previously  worded, 
the  Act  covered  only  fittings  actually 
attached  to  a  boiler  or  pressure  vessel.  A 
definition  of  fitting  is  now  included  in 
the  Act. 

As  is  the  case  with  boilers  and  pressure 
vessels,  the  Act  now  requires  the  manu- 
facturer of  every  fitting  to  be  .constructed 
for  use  in  Ontario  to  submit  its  design  to 
the  Chief  Inspector  for  approval  and 
registration  before  construction  is  begun. 
"Where  a  fitting  has  been  constructed  with- 
out its  design  having  been  approved  and 
registered,  the  Chief  Inspector  may  approve 
its  design,  if  it  otherwise  meets  the  require- 
ments of  the  Act   and  regulations. 

A  further  amendment  provides  that  when 
repairs  have  been  made  to  an  unsafe 
boiler  it  may  not  be  put  into  operation 
until    it    has    been    inspected    and    a    new 


inspection  certificate  issued.  The  require- 
ment that  a  new  .  certificate  must  be 
obtained  was  not  previously  in  the  Act. 

Amendments  to  the  section  authorizing 
regulations  to  be  made  by  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor  in  Council  grant  authority  to 
make  regulations  governing  the  use  or 
installation  of  boilers  and  pressure  vessels 
and  prescribing  the  conditions  under  which 
a  boiler  or  pressure  vessel  may  be 
mounted  on  a  vehicle. 

Stationary  Engineers 

A  new  Operating  Engineers  Act,  to  come 
into  force  on  proclamation,  repeals  and 
replaces  the  former  Act,  passed  in  1937. 
Many  of  the  new  provisions  were  pre- 
viously contained  in  regulations  made 
under  the  Act.  In  general,  the  require- 
ments of  the  Act  are  the  same  as  before 
but  some  changes  were  made  in  the  scope 
of  the  duties  which  each  class  of  engineer 
may  perform  and  citizenship  qualifications 
for  certification  are  now  less  stringent. 

The  Act  provides  for  the  examination 
and  certification  of  operating  engineers, 
specifies  the  type  of  plant  which  each  class 
of  engineer  is  entitled  to  operate,  and 
prescribes  the  minimum  grade  of  certificate 
required  for  the  operation  of  each  type  of 
plant.  It  also  requires  the  registration  of 
plants  and  authorizes  inspection  of  any 
building  where  a  plant  is  being  installed 
or  operated.  "Plant"  means  a  high- 
pressure  or  low-pressure  steam-plant,  a 
steam-engine  plant,  compressor  plant, 
refrigeration  plant,  hoisting  plant  or 
traction  plant. 

Persons  working  under  the  personal 
direction  and  supervision  of  an  operating 
engineer  and  workmen  engaged  in  installing 
or  testing  a  plant  are  not  covered  by  the 
Act.  The  Act  does  not  apply  to  a  high- 
pressure  steam-plant  or  refrigeration  plant 
where  the  horse-power  rating  is  25  or  less, 
a  low-pressure  steam-plant  or  compressor 
plant  where  the  horse-power  rating  is  75 
or  less,  a  boiler  used  in  connection  with 
an  open  type  hot  water  heating  system, 
a  steam-plant  or  traction  plant  used  in 
farming,  a  plant  subject  to  inspection  by 
the  Board  of  Transport  Commissioners  for 
Canada,  a  shaft-hoist  used  in  mining  oper- 
ations, a  permanently  installed  elevator  or 
freight  conveyance,  or  to  an  overhead  crane 
powered  by  an  electric  motor  and  operating 
on  a  fixed  runway. 

A  board  of  examiners  of  no  fewer  than 
three  persons,  one  of  whom  is  to  be 
designated  as  chairman,  is  authorized  to 
administer  and  enforce  the  Act.  It  is  the 
duty  of  the  board  to  examine  candidates 
for  engineers'  certificates  and  to  report  the 


1643 


results  of  the  examinations  to  the  Minister 
of  Labour.  Inspectors  are  appointed  by 
the  Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council.  An 
inspector,  as  well  as  any  member  of  the 
board  and  any  person  authorized  in  writ- 
ing by  the  Minister,  may  enter  and  inspect 
any  premises  where  he  has  reason  to 
believe  that  a  plant  is  being  installed  or 
operated. 

Every  owner  of  a  steam-plant,  steam- 
engine  plant,  compressor  plant,  refrigera- 
tion plant  or  any  combination  of  them  is 
required  to  register  the  plant  with  the 
board,  giving  whatever  information  the 
board  may  require.  The  Minister,  on  the 
board's  recommendation  and  on  payment 
of  the  prescribed  fee,  will  issue  to  the 
owner  a  certificate  of  registration,  which 
must  show  the  horse-power  rating  of  the 
plant,  the  pressure  at  which  the  safety- 
valves  on  boilers  are  set  to  relieve  the 
pressure,  and  the  class  of  engineer  required 
as  chief  operating  engineer,  shift  engineer 
and  assistant  shift  engineer.  The  certificate 
of  registration  must  be  conspicuously 
displayed  in  the  engine  room,  compressor 
room  or  boiler  room  of  the  plant.  The 
owner  of  a  plant  must  notify  the  board 
within  15  days  of  any  change  in  the 
pressure  or  horse-power  rating  of  his  plant. 
If  the  change  is  sufficient  to  change  the 
classification  of  the  plant,  the  certificate 
of  registration  must  be  cancelled  and  a  new 
one  issued.  The  Act  sets  out  the  method 
to  be  used  in  computing  the  horse-power 
rating  of  a  plant. 

The  classes  of  certificates  which  will  be 
issued  include  stationary  engineer  (fourth, 
third,  second  or  first  class),  provisional 
stationary  engineer  (fourth,  third  or 
second  class),  hoisting  engineer,  hoisting 
engineer  (electrical  and  internal  combus- 
tion), traction  engineer,  hoisting  and 
traction  engineer,  compressor  operator  and 
refrigeration  operator.  The  classification  of 
fireman  has  been  dropped. 

The  duties  which  each  class  of  engineer 
is  entitled  to  perform  are  then  set  out. 
The  holder  of  a  fourth  class  stationary 
engineer's  certificate  is  qualified  to  act  as 
chief  operating  engineer  in  a  high-pressure 
steam-plant  not  exceeding  75  h.p.  or  a  low- 
pressure  steam-plant  not  exceeding  200  h.p. 
He  may  act  as  shift  engineer  in  a  high- 
pressure  steam-plant  not  exceeding  200  h.p., 
a  low  pressure  steam-plant  not  exceeding 
600  h.p.,  or  in  a  compressor  or  refrigeration 
plant  not  exceeding  400  h.p.  He  may  act 
as  assistant  shift  engineer  in  a  high- 
pressure  steam-plant  not  exceeding  600  h.p. 
or  in  a  low-pressure  steam-plant,  com- 
pressor or  refrigeration  plant  of  unlimited 
horse-power. 


A  third  class  stationary  engineer  is 
entitled  to  act  as  chief  operating  engineer 
in  a  high-pressure  steam-plant  not  exceed- 
ing 200  h.p.,  a  low-pressure  steam-plant 
not  exceeding  600  h.p.  or  a  compressor 
or  refrigeration  plant  not  exceeding 
400  h.p.;  to  act  as  shift  engineer  in  a 
high-pressure  steam-plant  not  exceeding  600 
h.p.  or  a  low-pressure  steam-plant,  com- 
pressor or  refrigeration  plant  of  unlimited 
horse-power;  and  to  act  as  assistant  shift 
engineer  in  any  plant. 

A  second  class  stationary  engineer's 
certificate  authorizes  the  holder  to  act  as 
chief  operating  engineer  in  a  high-pressure 
steam-plant  not  exceeding  600  h.p.  or  in 
any  other  plant  of  unlimited  horse-power 
and  to  act  as  shift  engineer  in  any  plant. 

A  first  class  stationary  engineer  is  quali- 
fied to  act  as  chief  operating  engineer  in 
any  plant. 

A  compressor  operator  or  a  refrigeration 
operator  is  qualified  to  operate  only  that 
particular  type  of  plant,  and  may  act  as 
chief  operator  in  a  plant  of  not  more  than 
400  h.p.  The  other  certificates  to  be  issued 
will  also  qualify  the  holders  to  operate  a 
particular  type  of  plant  other  than  steam- 
plants. 

New  sections  in  the  Act  grade  the 
various  types  of  plant  according  to  horse- 
power rating  and  set  out  the  minimum 
certificate  to  be  held  by  the  chief  operating 
engineer  and  shift  engineer  in  each. 

When  an  operating  engineer  is  absent 
from  a  plant  on  holidays  or  because  of 
sickness,  an  engineer  holding  a  certificate 
one  class  lower  may  be  in  charge  of  the 
plant  for  a  period  not  exceeding  30  days 
in  any  one  year  or  such  longer  period  as 
the  board  may  allow.  Whenever  the  chief 
engineer  or  shift  engineer  in  charge  of  a 
plant  of  more  than  200  h.p.  is  absent  from 
the  engine,  compressor  or  boiler  room,  he 
must  arrange  for  his  place  to  be  taken  by 
a  person  holding  a  certificate  not  more  than 
one  class  lower  than  that  required  to 
operate  the  plant  as  shift  engineer.  In  a 
plant  of  200  h.p.  or  less,  an  engineer  hold- 
ing a  fourth  class  certificate  or  better  must 
be  left  in  charge  whenever  the  chief 
operating  engineer  or  shift  engineer  is 
absent  from  the  engine,  compressor  or 
boiler  room  for  more  than  15  minutes.  If 
an  operating  engineer  or  operator  is  unable 
to  attend  to  his  duties  or  intends  to  be 
absent  for  any  reason,  he  must  make  every 
reasonable  effort  to  notify  his  chief  oper- 
ating engineer  or  shift  engineer  beforehand. 

The  Act  forbids  any  person  other  than 
an  operating  engineer  or  operator  holding 
a  valid  certificate  to  perform  the  work  of 
an     engineer     and     forbids     an     operating 


1644 


engineer  or  operator  to  perform  any  duties 
for  which  he  is  not  qualified  under  the 
Act.  Employers  are  forbidden  to  employ 
persons  to  perform  operating  engineers' 
work  for  which  they  are  not  qualified. 

An  applicant  for  a  certificate  under  the 
Act  no  longer  needs  to  be  a  British  subject. 
A  certificate  may  now  be  issued  to  any 
British  subject  or  to  any  person  who  has 
lived  in  Canada  for  at  least  one  year  and 
has  filed  a  declaration  of  his  intention  to 
become  a  Canadian  citizen  under  the 
Canadian  Citizenship  Act. 

Applicants  for  certificates  must  pass 
such  examinations  as  the  board  ma}' 
require.  The  board  may  recommend  that 
a  provisional  certificate  be  issued  without 
examination  to  a  person  who  holds  a 
current  certificate  issued  by  the  properly 
constituted  authority  in  any  other  prov- 
ince which  is  in  the  opinion  of  the  board 
equivalent  to  a  fourth,  third  or  second 
class  stationary  engineer's  certificate. 
Every  provisional  certificate  issued  must 
be  one  grade  lower  than  the  certificate 
equivalent  to  the  certificate  held  by  the 
applicant.  Certificates  will  be  issued  by 
the  Minister  on  the  recommendation  of 
the  board  and  on  payment  of  the  pre- 
scribed fee.  A  certificate  of  qualification 
must  be  displayed  at  all  times  in  the 
engine,  compressor  or  boiler  room  of  the 
plant  where  the  holder  is  employed,  or 
must  be  carried  upon  his  person  if  he 
operates  a  hoisting  plant  or  traction  plant. 

The  Minister  may  cancel  or  suspend  the 
certificate  of  an  engineer  who  is  habitually 
intemperate  or  addicted  to  the  use  of 
drugs,  operates  a  plant  while  in  an  in- 
temperate condition,  becomes  mentally  or 
physically  incapacitated,  is  incompetent  or 
negligent  in  discharging  his  duties,  has 
obtained  his  certificate  through  misrep- 
resentation or  fraud,  maliciously  destroys 
his  employer's  property,  allows  another 
person  to  operate  under  his  certificate, 
attempts  to  secure  a  certificate  by  false 
means  for  another  person,  signs  the  appli- 
cation form  of  a  candidate  for  examina- 
tion without  personally  knowing  that  the 
written  statement  of  engineering  experience 
is  true,  or  fails  to  comply  with  the  Act  or 
regulations.  Other  offences  subject  to  the 
same  penalty  are  being  absent  from  the 
plant  without  being  relieved  by  the  proper 
person  or  without  the  consent  of  the  chief 
engineer  or  shift  engineer  and  leaving  a 
job  without  having  given  the  employer  at 
least  seven  days'  written  notice. 

A  certificate  of  qualification  remains  in 
force  for   one  year  and  must  be   renewed 


by  payment  of  an  annual  fee  on  or  before 
the  first  Monday  in  February.  A  provi- 
sional certificate  is  not  renewable. 

Where  the  horse-power  rating  of  a  plant 
is  increased  so  that  an  operating  engineer 
or  operator  would  be  doing  work  for  which 
he  is  not  qualified,  he  may,  if  he  has  been 
operating  the  plant  for  three  consecutive 
years  immediately  before  the  increase,  con- 
tinue to  operate  the  plant  but  must  present 
himself  for  examination  within  six  months. 

Any  person  aggrieved  by  a  decision  of 
the  board  may  appeal  in  writing  to  the 
Minister  within  10  days  after  he  receives 
written  notice  of  the  decision.  The  Min- 
ister must  hear  the  appeal  after  giving 
notice  to  all  interested  parties  and  may 
approve,  disapprove  or  vary  the  board's 
decision. 

For  an  offence  against  the  Act  a  person 
is  liable  on  summary  conviction  to  a 
penalty  of  not  less  than  $25  and  not  more 
than  $100. 

The  qualifications  of  board  members  and 
of  inspectors,  the  qualifications  of  appli- 
cants for  engineers'  certificates  and  the 
duties  of  a  chief  operating  engineer  and  of 
a  shift  engineer  are  among  the  matters 
to  be  prescribed  in  regulations  by  the 
Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council. 

Oil  Pipe  Lines 

A  new  Act  not  yet  proclaimed  in  effect, 
the  Oil  Pipe  Lines  Act,  provides  for  the 
regulation  of  oil  pipe  lines  under  the 
authority  of  the  Ontario  Municipal  Board. 
It  applies  to  any  pipe  line  for  the  trans- 
mission of  oil  that  passes  under,  over  or 
upon  any  highway,  railway,  navigable 
water  or  telephone,  telegraph,  electric 
power,  gas  or  water  line  but  not  to  pipe 
lines  within  or  contiguous  to  an  oil 
refinery,  oil  storage  depot  or  pipe  line 
terminal. 

No  person  may  begin  the  construction  of 
a  pipe  line  without  permission  from  the 
Board.  Notice  of  an  application  for  per- 
mission to  construct  a  pipe  line  must  be 
made  public  and  no  application  may  be 
granted  or  refused  until  the  Board  has 
held  a  public  hearing  on  the  matter.  In 
considering  an  application  the  Board  must 
take  into  account  particularly  the  safety  of 
the  public,  the  protection  of  property,  the 
objections  of  any  person  interested  and  the 
interests  of  the  public.  When  granting  an 
application,  the  Board  may  impose  certain 
conditions  which  must  be  met  and  may 
limit  the  time  within  which  construction  is 
to  be  completed. 

During  construction  of  a  pipe  line,  every 
order  of  the  Board  and  every  applicable 
regulation  must  be  observed.    No  pipe  line 


1645 


may  be  opened  for  the  transmission  of  oil 
until  leave  to  do  so  has  been  granted  by 
the  Board. 

In  order  to  promote  the  safe  operation 
of  pipe  lines,  the  Board  will  have  power 
to  order  that  a  pipe  line  be  inspected, 
repaired,  reconstructed  or  altered,  and  may 
forbid  the  use  of  the  line  until  it  has 
approved  the  repairs,  reconstruction  or 
alteration.  Any  person  authorized  by  the 
Board  to  do  so  may  enter  premises  to 
inspect  a  pipe  line  at  any  time  and  may 
do  whatever  is  necessary  to  make  the 
inspection. 

The  Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council  may 
make  regulations  designating  one  or  more 
persons  in  the  public  service  of  Ontario 
to  carry  out  the  Act  under  the  direction 
of  the  Board.  Regulations  may  also  be 
made  designating  classes  of  pipe  lines, 
governing  the  specifications,  construction, 
operation  and  repair  of  pipe  lines,  provid- 
ing for  inspections,  and  respecting  any 
matter  to  promote  the  safety  of  persons  or 
property  or  to  carry  out  the  purpose  of 
the  Act.  These  regulations  may  be  made 
applicable  to  any  class  of  pipe  line.  The 
Board  has  power  to  exempt  a  pipe  line 
from  any  or  all  provisions  of  the  Act  or 
regulations. 

Licensing  of  Film  Projectionists 

Sections  governing  the  qualification  and 
licensing  of  film  projectionists  are  con- 
tained in  the  new  Theatres  Act.  This  Act 
will,  when  proclaimed  in  effect,  replace  the 
Theatres  and  Cinematographs  Act  first 
passed  in  1911  and  not  changed  substan- 
tially since  that  date.  The  provisions 
governing  projectionists  are  similar  to  those 
contained  in  the  general  regulations  issued 
in    1944.      (L.G.,    1944,   p.    1052.) 

The  Act  requires  a  person  who  operates 
any  projector  designed  for  the  use  of 
standard  film  (35mm),  or  who  operates  a 
projector  in  a  theatre  to  hold  a  licence. 

Three  types  of  licences  are  provided  for 
— first  class,  second  class  and  apprentice. 
To  obtain  any  of  these  licences  the  appli- 
cant must  pass  the  examination  and  tests 
prescribed  by  the  Director  and  pay  the 
necessary  fee. 

An  applicant  for  an  apprentice  licence 
must  be  18  years  of  age,  must  furnish 
evidence  of  physical  ability  to  handle 
projection  and  fire-fighting  equipment  and 
must  satisfy  the  Director  that  he  does  not 
suffer  from  a  physical  or  mental  disability 
that  would  prevent  him  from  handling 
projection  equipment  safely.  To  obtain  a 
second  class  licence  a  person  must  be  the 
holder   of   an   apprentice   licence   and   have 


served  as  an  apprentice  for  as  long  a 
period  as  the  Director  requires.  Provision 
is  also  made  for  a  second  class  licence  to 
be  granted  to  a  person  who  has  operated 
projection  equipment  outside  the  province. 
To  obtain  a  first  class  licence  the  applicant 
must  hold  a  second  class  licence  and  pass 
the  prescribed  examinations  and  tests. 

If  the  applicant  fails  to  pass  the  exam- 
ination and  tests,  he  is  not  eligible  to 
try  a  second  time  until  he  has  worked  as 
an  apprentice  or  as  the  holder  of  a  second 
class  licence  for  such  further  period  as  the 
Director  requires.  If  he  again  fails,  he 
may  not  try  the  examination  a  third  time 
except  by  leave  of  the  Director. 

The  licence  expires  on  March  31  each 
year.  It  may  be  suspended  or  cancelled 
if  the  projectionist  contravenes  the  Act  or 
regulations  but  not  before  he  is  given  an 
opportunity  to  appear  before  the  Director 
to  show  why  such  action  should  not  be 
taken. 

A  person  who  operates  for  hire  or  gain 
16mm  projection  equipment  must  also  hold 
a  licence.  Provisions  respecting  the  issue 
of  these  licences  will  be  prescribed  by 
regulations. 

Mothers'  Allowances 

The  1952  Mothers'  Allowances  Act  was 
amended  to  make  special  provision  for  the 
payment  of  allowances  to  foster  mothers 
who  have  not  adequate  means  to  care 
properly  for  the  children  in  their  charge. 

The  Act  previously  stated  that  the  term 
"mother"  included  a  woman  who  in  the 
opinion  of  the  Director  was  a  suitable 
foster  mother  and  a  person  acting  as 
trustee  for  an  applicant  or  beneficiary 
under  the  Act.  This  definition  has  been 
repealed  and  separate  clauses  were  added 
making  provision  for  the  payment  of  allow- 
ances to  a  foster  mother  on  the  same 
terms  as  a  real  mother.  The  Act  now 
provides  that  an  allowance  may  be  paid 
to  a  foster  mother  fulfilling  the  residence 
requirements  of  the  Act  who  has  resident 
with  her  one  or  more  foster  children  under 
18  years  of  age.  She  may  be  the  grand- 
mother, sister,  aunt  or  other  person  suit- 
able  to   act  as  foster   mother. 

Where  an  allowance  is  being  paid  to  a 
foster  mother,  an  additional  allowance  may 
be  granted  in  respect  of  the  father  of  the 
children  if  he  is  '  permanently  unemploy- 
able and  is  living  with  them.  The  same 
provision  is  applicable  where  an  allowance 
is  paid  to  the  real  mother  of  the  children. 

The  clause  providing  for  payment  of  an 
allowance  in  special  circumstances  to  a 
mother  who  is  not  strictly  eligible  to 
receive    one    was    also    amended.      It    pre- 


1646 


viously  provided  that  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor  in  Council  could  direct  payment 
of  such  an  allowance  and  fix  the  amount. 
Payment  of  the  allowance  must  still  be 
provided  for  by  Order  in  Council,  but  the 
Director  now  has  authority  to  fix  the 
amount  and  to  vary  it  as  he  see  fit.  This 
provision  was  also  made  applicable  to  a 
foster  mother. 

SASKATCHEWAN 

The  Saskatchewan  Legislature,  which  was 
in  session  from  February  12  to  April  14, 
passed  a  new  Act  providing  for  control 
by  the  Department  of  Labour  over  the 
manufacture,  sale,  installation  and  use  of 
gas  equipment  for  consumers. 

In  amendments  to  the  City  Act  and  the 
Fire  Departments  Platoon  Act,  the  Legis- 
lature provided  for  the  compulsory  arbi- 
tration of  disputes  between  a  city  and 
municipal  policemen  or  firemen  on  condi- 
tion that  strikes  are  prohibited  by  the 
constitution    of    the    local    union    to    which 

tthe  policemen  or  firemen  belong. 
The  Workmen's  Compensation  (Accident 
Fund)  Act  was  amended  and  the  Board 
was  authorized  to  pay,  in  addition  to 
higher  funeral  allowances,  an  additional 
sum  up  to  $100  in  cases  where  it  is 
necessary  to  transport  the  body  from  the 
place  of  death  to  the  place  of  burial. 
Provision  was  also  made  for  the  payment 
of  compensation  for  a  recurrence  of  a 
disability  on  the  basis  of  present-day  earn- 
ings if  they  are  greater  than  the  earnings 
at  the  time  of  the  injury. 

Amendments  to  the  Trade  Union  Act 
were  designed  to  ensure  continuity  of 
collective  bargaining  in  certain  special 
situations. 

A  new  Rehabilitation  Act  enables  the 
Minister  of  Social  Welfare  and  Rehabilita- 
tion to  furnish  special  services  to  the 
disabled  and.  through  an  agreement  with 
the  federal  Government,  to  expand  such 
services. 

Workmen's  Compensation 

Amendments  to  the  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation (Accident  Fund)  Act  made  a 
number  of  changes  respecting  benefits  to 
workmen  who  are  injured  in  the  course 
of  employment  or  who  are  disabled  by 
specified  industrial  disease  and  to  their 
dependants  in  case  of  death.,  The  funeral 
benefit  was  increased;  other  changes  permit 
more  liberal  treatment  in  the  case  of  an 
invalid  child  of  a  deceased  workman  and 
in  respect  to  an  injured  workman  who 
suffers  a  recurrence  of  his  disability.  The 
amendments  went  into  effect  on  Mav  1, 
1953. 


The  maximum  amount  allowed  for  burial 
expenses  was  increased  from  $175  to  $250. 
Another  amendment  provides,  for  the  first 
time,  for  a  transportation  allowance  to  be 
paid.  Where  the  death  of  the  workman 
occurs  away  from  his  usual  place  of  resi- 
dence, the  Board  may,  in  its  discretion,  pay 
the  necessary  expenses  of  transporting  the 
body  from  the  place  of  death  to  place  of 
burial  up  to  a  maximum  of  $100.  Although 
this  provision  is  new  in  Saskatchewan,  the 
Acts  of  six  other  provinces  provide  for 
transportation  allowances. 

The  children's  allowances  ($25  a  month 
in  the  case  of  a  child  under  16  years  living 
with  one  parent  and  $30  for  each  orphan 
child)  were  formerly  payable  to  invalid 
children  for  as  long  as  the  Board  con- 
sidered that  the  workman  had  he  lived 
would  have  contributed  to  their  support. 
By  a  further  amendment  the  Board  may 
now  make  payments  to  invalid  children 
until  recovery  or  death. 

The  section  authorizing  the  Board  to 
discontinue  benefits  where  the  widow  of  a 
deceased  workman  was  leading  "an  immoral 
and  improper  life",  or  to  divert  benefits 
for  the  children  in  such  circumstances  or 
where  they  were  being  neglected,  was 
replaced  by  a  section  permitting  the  Board 
to  divert  benefits  if  the  children  are 
neglected.  "Neglected  child"  in  child 
welfare  legislation  covers  the  various  cir- 
cumstances in  which  children  may  be  taken 
into  the  care  of  welfare  authorities  and 
would  include  any  contingency  under  which 
it  might  be  advisable  for  the  Board  to 
make  payments  on  behalf  of  the  children 
to  a  person  other  than  the  mother. 

The  Act  provides  that,  in  death  cases, 
the  monthly  compensation  to  dependants 
must  not  exceed  the  workman's  average 
monthly  earnings.  Where  compensation 
according  to  the  scale  of  benefits  set  out 
in  the  Act  would  exceed  average  monthly 
earnings  it  must  be  reduced,  subject  to 
certain  minimum  standards,  and  where 
several  persons  are  entitled  to  benefits  the 
payments  must  be  reduced  proportionately. 
A  new  provision  makes  it  clear  that,  where 
compensation  has  been  reduced  in  accord- 
ance with  this  provision,  if  a  dependant 
ceases  to  be  a  dependant  the  compensation 
must  be  recalculated  having  regard  only 
to  the  remaining  dependants. 

With  respect  to  benefits  payable  in 
disability  cases,  a  new  section  authorizes 
the  Board  to  pay  compensation  for  a 
recurring  disability  on  the  basis  of  the 
injured  worker's  present-day  earnings 
instead  of  on  his  earnings  at  the  time  of 
the  accident  which,  if  the  injury  occurred 
some  years  ago,  would  likely  be  consider- 


1647 


ably  lower.  Under  the  new  provision,  if 
an  injured  workman  has  returned  to  work 
and  then  suffers  a  temporary  recurrence  of 
his  disability,  compensation  will  be  based 
on  his  weekly  earnings  at  the  time  of  the 
injury  or  his  average  weekly  earnings 
during  the  12  months  preceding  the 
recurrence  of  his  disability,  whichever 
amount  is  greater. 

Another  amendment  authorizes  the  Board 
to  assume  the  expense  of  replacing  and 
repairing  artificial  limbs  broken  in  an 
industrial  accident.  The  Act  already 
authorizes  the  Board  to  pay,  as  part  of 
the  medical  aid  which  it  provides  for 
injured  workmen,  the  cost  of  repair  and 
replacement  of  dentures,  eye  glasses  and 
artificial  eyes  broken  as  a  result  of  an 
accident  arising  out  of  employment. 

A  further  amendment  makes  new  pro- 
vision for  control  of  compensation  pay- 
ments to  workmen  who  leave  the  province. 
If  a  workman  suffering  from  disability 
caused  by  an  injury  which  entitles  him  to 
compensation  leaves  the  province  before 
compensation  is  awarded,  the  Board  may 
either  direct  him  to  return  to  the  province 
for  medical  examination  or  to  secure  a 
medical  report  as  directed.  Similarly,  in 
the  case  of  a  worker  in  receipt  of  com- 
pensation, the  Board  may  direct  him  to 
return  for  examination  or  to  supply  medical 
reports  as  required,  and  if  he  fails  to  do 
so,  may  terminate  or  discontinue  compen- 
sation payments.  This  replaces  a  section 
dealing  with  compensation  to  workmen 
residing  outside  of  Saskatchewan  which 
permitted  payments  to  be  continued  on 
a  quarterly  basis  only  if  a  medical  referee 
certified  that  the  disability  was  likely  to 
be  permanent,  and  if  the  workman  estab- 
lished periodically  the  continuance  of  his 
disability. 

A  new  section  provides  that,  in  addition 
to  administering  Part  I  of  the  Act  (the 
collective  liability  section),  the  Board  is 
authorized  to  perform  other  duties  as  may 
be  assigned  to  it  by  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor  in  Council.  This  would  permit 
further  responsibility  for  accident  preven- 
tion work  to  be  vested  in  the  Board. 

Other  amendments  were  of  an  admin- 
istrative nature. 

Labour  Relations 

Trade   Union   Act 

Amendments  made  to  the  Trade  Union 
Act  were  designed  to  ensure  continuity 
in  collective  bargaining  in  certain  special 
situations. 

A  new  section  provides  that  when  an 
employer  has  been  ordered  by  the  Labour 


Relations  Board  to  bargain  collectively  he 
is  bound  by  the  order  and  by  any  collec- 
tive agreement  that  has  been  concluded 
between  him  and  the  bargaining  agent 
even  if  he  ceases  to  be  an  employer  within 
the  meaning  of  the  Act.  The  Act  defines 
"employer"  as  a  person  who  employs  three 
or  more  employees  or  fewer  than  three 
employees  if  at  least  one  of  them  is  a 
member  of  a  trade  union  which  has  as 
members  employees  of  more  than  one 
employer.  The  new  section  is  intended  to 
cover  small  establishments  in  seasonal 
industries  such  as  construction,  where  small 
employers  have  no  employees  during  the 
off-season.  Before  the  amendment  was 
passed,  an  employer  was  no  longer  under 
the  Act  when  he  ceased  to  employ  anyone. 
Since  certification  orders  apply  individually 
to  each  employer,  the  union  was  required 
to  apply  for  a  new  certification  order 
following  each  occasion  when  the  employer 
ceased  to  employ  anyone.  This  is  now 
not  necessary,  as  the  collective  bargaining 
relationship  will  remain  unchanged. 

Another  amendment  makes  it  clear  that 
where  a  business  is  transferred  from  one 
employer  to  another  the  new  employer 
becomes  a  party  to  any  collective  agree- 
ment then  in  force  and  is  bound  by  any 
orders  of  the  Board  which  concerned  the 
employees  and  the  former  employer  deter- 
mining a  bargaining  unit,  certifying  a 
bargaining  agent,  or  requiring  the  employer 
to  bargain  collectively. 

Firemen      and      Policemen — Compulsory 
Arbitration   of   Disputes 

New  provisions  were  enacted  for  the 
arbitration  of  disputes  between  a  munici- 
pality and  its  firemen  and  policemen.  In 
accordance  with  a  1946  amendment  to  the 
City  Act,  relations  between  municipalities 
and  all  their  employees  have  been  subject 
to  the  provisions  of  the  Trade  Union  Act 
under  which  the  recommendations  of  con- 
ciliation boards  have  persuasive  but  not 
legally  binding  effect.  Disputes  involving 
firemen  and  policemen  may  now  be 
referred  to  an  arbitration  board  authorized 
to  make  an  award  that  is  binding,  pro- 
vided that  strikes  are  prohibited  by  the 
constitution  of  the  local  union  to  which 
the  firemen  or  policemen  belong. 

The  provision  dealing  with  police  dis- 
putes is  contained  in  a  new  section  added 
to  the  City  Act.  It  states  that  where 
collective  bargaining  has  reached  a  point 
where  either  the  members  of  the  police 
force  or  the  representatives  of  the  city  or 
board  of  police  commissioners  consider  that 
agreement  cannot  be  achieved,  or  where 
either  party  refuses  or  fails  to   commence 


1648 


bargaining  after  receiving  a  written  request 
from  the  other  party  to  do  so  and  the  request 
to  bargain  has  been  made  at  the  proper 
time,  either  party  may  require  the  dispute 
to  be  submitted  to  arbitration  by  sending 
written  notice  to  the  other  party.  Notice 
to  bargain  may  be  given  not  less  than  30 
days  nor  more  than  60  days  before  the 
expiry  date  of  an  agreement,  or,  if  there 
is  no  agreement,  before  the  first  day  of 
February  in  any  year.  If  bargaining  has 
not  commenced,  all  matters  relating  to 
hours  and  conditions  of  work,  wages  or 
employment  may  be  referred  to  arbitration. 

The  board  of  arbitration  is  to  consist 
of  three  persons,  a  representative  of  each 
party  and  an  impartial  chairman.  Within 
30  days  of  the  notice  requiring  arbitration 
of  the  dispute,  each  party  must  nominate 
a  representative  to  the  arbitration  board 
and  notify  the  other  party  of  its  choice; 
the  two  members  chosen  in  this  way  must 
meet  within  five  days  and  together  agree 
on  a  chairman.  If  either  party  fails  to 
choose  a  representative,  if  a  person  nomin- 
ated refuses  to  act,  or  if  the  two  members 
nominated  fail  to  agree  on  a  chairman 
within  the  time  limit,  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor  in  Council,  on  the  written 
request  of  either  party,  may  appoint  a 
member  or  members  to  complete  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  board.  Every  member  of 
an  arbitration  board  must  take  an  oath, 
to  be  filed  with  the  Minister  of  Labour, 
to  perform  his  task  impartially  and  not  to 
disclose  any  facts  brought  before  the 
board  except  in  discharging  his  duties. 

The  hearings  of  the  board  must  be  open 
to  the  public  but  the  board  may  exclude 
the  public  if  it  considers  it  necessary  for 
a  fair  hearing  to  hold  part  of  the  proceed- 
ings privately.  The  board  may  require 
evidence  to  be  given  under  oath  and  has 
power  to  administer  oaths  for  that  purpose. 

The  board  is  required  to  give  a  ^written 
decision  and  to  forward  a  copy  to  each 
party  and  to  the  Minister  of  Labour. 
Where  a  majority  of  the  members  fail  to 
agree  upon  any  matter  referred  to  it,  the 
chairman's  decision  is  deemed  to  be  the 
decision  of  the  board. 

The  award  of  an  arbitration  board  is 
binding  on  both  parties,  provided  that  the 
constitution  of  the  local  union  to  which 
the  members  of  the  police  force  belong 
contains  a  clause  prohibiting  strikes. 
Where  a  collective  agreement  has  not  been 
entered  into,  the  decisions  of  the  arbitra- 
tion board  must  be  put  into  effect  within 
30  days.  If  there  was  previously  a  collec- 
tive agreement,  the  terms  of  the  award 
must  be  included  when  the  agreement  is 
revised  or  a  new  one  is  negotiated.     How- 


ever, where  the  estimates  of  expenditures 
of  a  city  and  the  proposed  rates  of  taxation 
must  be  submitted  annually  to  the  Local 
Government  Board  for  revision  and 
approval,  the  city  council  or  the  board  of 
police  commissioners  must  not  conclude  a 
collective  agreement  or  give  effect  to  an 
arbitration  award  before  the  assent  of  the 
Local   Government   Board   is   obtained. 

Each  party  assumes  the  cost  of  its 
representative  on  the  board  and  shares 
equally  in  the  cost  of  the  chairman  and 
any   other  general   expenses   of   the   board. 

Similar  amendments  were  made  to  the 
Fire  Departments  Platoon  Act  to  provide 
for  the  arbitration  of  disputes  between 
fire  fighters  and  a  municipality. 

Inspection,  Licensing  of  Gas-Burning  Equipment 

Because  of  the  increasing  use  in  Saskat- 
chewan of  natural  gas  for  industrial  and 
domestic  purposes,  a  new  Act  was  passed 
to  provide  for  control  by  the  Department 
of  Labour  over  the  manufacture,  sale, 
installation  and  use  of  gas  equipment  for 
consumers.  The  first  major  gas  system  for 
the  province  is  nearing  completion.  The 
project  includes  a  gathering  system  in  the 
Brock-Kindersley  gas  field,  a  pipeline  from 
Brock  to  Saskatoon  and  a  distribution 
system  in  Saskatoon,  Delisle  and  Rosetown. 

The  Gas  Inspection  and  Licensing  Act, 
which  will  come  into  effect  on  proclamation, 
is  similar  in  purpose  to  the  Gas  and  Oil 
Burner  Act  passed  in  Manitoba  last  year 
but  not  yet  proclaimed  (L.G.,  Sept.  1952, 
p.  1225).  Under  the  new  Saskatchewan 
Act,  departmental  approval  is  required 
before  gas  equipment  is  manufactured  and 
installed  and  provision  is  made  for  inspec- 
tion after  the  work  is  completed.  The 
Department  will  also  license  persons  who 
manufacture,  sell  or  install  gas  equipment. 

The  Act  does  not  apply  to  gas  equip- 
ment or  installations  designated  by  the 
Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council  nor  to 
collection,  transmission  and  distribution 
systems  of  public  utilities.  The  new  Act 
does,  however,  place  an  obligation  on  the 
owner  or  operator  of  a  gas  distribution 
system  to  connect  gas  to  the  gas  installa- 
tion only  in  accordance  with  a  consent  or 
permit  issued  by  the  Chief  Inspector;  a 
penalty  is  provided  for  violation  of  this 
provision. 

The  Act  forbids  a  person  to  engage  in 
the  business  of  a  supply  house  of  gas 
equipment,  to  advertise  himself  as  a  con- 
tractor or  to  work  as  a  gas-fitter  unless  he 
holds  the  appropriate  licence  issued  under 
the  Act.  "Supply  house"  includes  the 
manufacturer  as  well  as  the  wholesale  and 
retail   vendor    of   gas    equipment    including 


1649 


their  agents.  An  employer,  that  is  a  person 
other  than  a  licensed  contractor  who 
employs  one  or  more  gas  fitters,  is  also 
prohibited  from  installing  gas  equipment 
unless  he  is  licensed.  Four  types  of  licences 
.in  provided  for.  supply-house  licence, 
contractor's  licence,  gas-fitter's  licence  and 
employer's  licence,  all  of  which  must  be 
renewed  annually  on  January  1. 

To  obtain  an  employer's,  contractor's  or 
supply-house  licence  the  person  must 
furnish  the  Departmnet  with  a  guarantee 
bond  of  $2,000  in  the  form  and  subject 
to  the  conditions  specified  by  the  Chief 
Inspector.  A  gas-fitter's  licence  will  be 
issued  to  any  person  in  accordance  with 
his  qualifications.  A  contractor's  licence 
will  be  issued  only  if  the  contractor,  his 
partner  or  one  of  his  employees  is  qualified 
to  perform  the  work  authorized  by  the 
licence.  An  employer  must  employ  only 
persons  holding  a  gas-fitter's  licence  to 
take  charge  of  gas  installations  or  install 
gas  equipment  on  the  premises.  Licences 
remain  the  property  of  the  Department 
and  if  suspended,  must  be  returned  to  the 
Department.  Licences  may  be  suspended 
for  cause  by  the  Minister  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  Chief  Inspector  for  such 
period  as  he  deems  expedient.  In  a  prose- 
cution for  violation  of  the  Act  or  regula- 
tions the  onus  is  on  the  accused  to  show 
that  he  holds  a  valid  licence. 

A  contractor  must  deliver  to  the  Depart- 
ment a  written  notice  of  his  intention  lo 
begin  any  work  to  which  the  Act  applies 
and  the  approximate  date  of  completion 
together  with  the  applicable  inspection  fee. 
He  must,  on  request,  submit  to  the  Depart- 
ment duplicate  plans  and  specifications  of 
all  major  installations  to  be  performed 
by  him. 

All  gas  equipment  and  installations  must 
be  inspected  by  an  inspector  of  tiir 
Department  of  Labour  who  may  either 
approve  the  equipment  or  installation,  con- 
ditionally or  unconditionally,  or  reject  it. 
Inspectors  have  the  right  to  enter  premises 
for  inspection  purposes  at  any  time  during 
reasonable  hours. 

The  Act  forbids  any  person  to  manu- 
facture, sell  or  use  any  gas  equipment 
unless  it  has  been  approved  and  the  Chief 
Inspector  may  require  any  gas  equipment 
to  be  submitted  to  the  Canadian  Standards 
Association  or  other  testing  laboratory  for 
test  and  approval  before  being  offered  for 
sale.  The  Act  authorizes  the  Minister, 
subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor  in  Council,  to  enter  into  an 
agreement  with  the  Government  of  Canada 
or  of  one  or  more  provinces  for  the  purpose 
of  establishing  a  testing  laboratory. 


If  an  inspector  finds  that  unapproved 
gas  equipment  has  been  sold  by  a  supply 
house  to  a  contractor,  retail  vendor  cr 
other  person,  the  Chief  Inspector  may 
deliver  a  written  notice  to  the  supply  house 
or  the  surety  under  the  bond  requiring  the 
equipment  to  be  replaced  by  approved 
equipment.  If  a  person  is  displaying  or 
selling  any  unapproved  gas  equipment  or 
equipment  which  the  Chief  Inspector  con- 
siders to  be  a  danger  to  life  or  property, 
he  may  deliver  a  written  notice  to  the 
person  requiring  him  to  cease  displaying  or 
selling  the  unauthorized  equipment. 

If  an  inspector  finds  that  a  gas  installa- 
tion or  equipment  does  not  comply  with 
the  Act  he  may  order  the  contractor  or  the 
employer  to  make  the  necessary  altera- 
tions within  a  specified  time.  If  the 
necessary  alterations  are  not  made,  the 
Chief  Inspector  may  send  notice  of  the 
defective  work  to  the  surety  under  the 
contractor's  or  employer's  bond  and  may 
specify  a  reasonable  time  within  which  the 
defects  must  be  remedied.  If  the  defects 
are  still  not  remedied  within  the  allotted 
time,  the  Chief  Inspector  may  have  the 
alterations  made  by  another  contractor,  the 
cost  to  be  charged  against  the  amount  of 
the  bond  and  paid  by  the  surety  to  rhe 
Department. 

If,  on  inspection,  the  inspector  finds  that 
gas  equipment  or  an  installation,  for  want 
of  proper  repair  or  because  of  age,  con- 
stitutes a  fire  hazard  or  other  danger,  he 
may  order  the  owner,  his  agent  or  the 
occupant  of  the  building  to  repair  or  alter 
the  installation  or  equipment  to  remove  the 
hazard.  If  the  gas  piping  required  to  alter 
a  gas  installation  exceeds  one-third  of  the 
existing  gas  piping,  the  Chief  Inspector 
may  direct  in  writing  that  the  installation 
be  completely  repiped. 

If  equipment  or  installations  which  do 
not  comply  with  the  Act  or  constitute  a 
fire  hazard  are  not  remedied  after  all  other 
procedures  laid  down  in  the  Act  have  been 
followed,  the  Chief  Inspector  may.  by 
written  notice,  require  the  owner  or  oper- 
ator of  the  distribution  or  transmission 
system  to  disconnect  service  to  the 
premises  on  a  specified  date.  Failure  by 
the  owner  or  operator  to  comply  with  such 
notice  will  constitute  a  violation  of  the  Act. 

The  Chief  Inspector  may  issue  a  temporary 
connection  permit  for  a  temporary 
installation.  A  temporary  permit  may  be 
issued  in  the  case  of  a  building  under 
construction  to  enable  the  owner  or 
occupant  to  obtain  a  supply  of  gas  during 
the  construction  period.  Temporary  per- 
mits are   in  effect   for  a   stated   period   and 


1650 


the  supply  must  be  disconnected  imme- 
diately upon  the  expiration  of  the  period 
unless  a  new  permit  is  issued. 

The  safety  standards  to  be  observed  for 
gas  equipment  and  installations  are  to  be 
prescribed  by  regulations  of  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor  in  Council.  Regulations  will  also 
prescribe  the  qualifications  necessary  for 
licences,  the  authority  conferred  by  each 
licence,  reasons  for  suspending  a  licence  and 
fees  payable.  Powers  and  duties  of  in- 
spectors, inspection  fees,  fees  for  examina- 
tion of  plans  and  specifications  and  for 
permits  may  also  be  fixed  by  regulation. 
Requirements  may  also  be  laid  down 
requiring  returns  to  be  made  to  the  Depart- 
ment by  contractors,  gas-fitters,  employers 
and  supply  houses  and  utilities  supplying 
gas.  Provision  may  also  be  made  for  an 
agreement  between  the  Minister  and  a 
municipality  for  inspection  of  gas  installa- 
tions and  equipment  by  a  municipal 
inspector.  Other  matters  which  may  be 
dealt  with  by  regulation  include  the  pro- 
visions for  temporary  permits,  the  require- 
ments for  consumer  connections  and 
reconnections  and  provision  for  enforce- 
ment of  the  obligations  contained  in  bonds 
given  by  contractors,  employers  and  supply 
houses. 

Penalties  are  provided  for  violations  of 
the  Act  or  regulations.  No  prosecution 
may  be  commenced  after  six  years  from 
the  date  of  violation.  Maximum  and 
minimum  fines  are  set  according  to  the 
specific  offence,  the  maximum  being  either 
$25  or  $50  in  the  case  of  an  individual 
other  than  the  owner  or  operator  of  a 
public  or  private  utility  who  operates  a 
gas  distribution  or  transmission  system,  for 
whom  the  maximum  fine  set  is  $500. 
Where  there  is  a  violation  for  which  no 
other  penalty  is  provided,  the  Act  fixes  a 
fine  of  from  $25  to  $100  for  each  day  of 
violation. 

Miscellaneous 

Minimum   Wages 

The  Minimum  Wage  Act  was  amended 
to  make  it  clear  that  when  Christmas  Day 
and  New  Year's  Day  fall  on  a  Sunday  an 
order  of  the  Minimum  Wage  Board  fixing 
the  rate  of  pay  for  the  holiday  will  apply 
to  work  done  on  the  following  Monday. 
Similarly,  when  the  Monday  following 
Remembrance  Day  is  declared  a  holiday 
the  order  will  apply  to  that  date  and  not 
to  November  11.  Under  the  Act  the 
Board  may  make  orders  fixing  the  minimum 
rates  of  pay  for  employees  who  work  on 
a  public  holiday  and  for  those  who  do  not 
work,  and  may  require  employers  to  pay 
their    employees    in    accordance    with    the 


order.  Such  an  order  may  exempt  any 
group  of  employees  or  class  of  employment 
from  this  requirement  upon  specified 
conditions. 

Hours   of   Work 

The  Hours  of  Work  Act  was  amended 
to  continue  until  April  1,  1954,  the  stipu- 
lation against  a  reduction  in  wages  where 
weekly  hours  are  reduced  to  conform  with 
the  provision  in  the  Act  for  a  44-hour 
work  week.  The  Act  requires  employers  to 
pay  an  overtime  rate  of  time  and  one-half 
for  any  time  worked  beyond  this  weekly 
limit. 

Mines 

In  view  of  the  1952  Oil  and  Gas  Con- 
servation Act,  which  governs  the  operation 
of  gas  and  oil  wells  in  the  province,  the 
Mines  Regulation  Act  was  amended  to 
remove  from  its  application  the  drilling  for 
petroleum  oil  and  natural  gas. 

Teachers 

The  1952  Teacher  Tenure  Act  (L.G., 
July,  1952.  p.  935)  was  amended  to  change 
the  word  "dismissal"  wherever  it  occurred 
to  "termination  of  contract". 

Shop    Closing 

An  amendment  to  the  Village  Act  makes 
provision  for  a  full  day's  closing  of  shops 
by  by-law.  A  village  council  is  now 
permitted  to  pass  a  by-law  requiring  all 
or  any  classes  of  shops  to  remain  closed 
during  any  time  between  12  o'clock 
midnight  of  any  day  and  five  o'clock  in 
the  morning  of  the  second  following  day. 
The  Act  already  authorized  by-laws  to  be 
passed  providing  for  shops  to  be  closed 
between  5  p.m.  and  5  a.m.  on  each  or  any 
day  of  the  week,  on  one  afternoon  a  week, 
and  on  holidays.  These  by-laws  may  be 
passed  on  the  council's  own  motion  with- 
out a  petition  being  made  by  shop  owners. 

Rehabilitation  of  Disabled 

The  Rehabilitation  Act,  the  first  of  its 
kind  in  Canada,  is  designed  to  assist 
disabled  persons  to  take  a  proper  place 
in  the  economic  life  of  the  community  by 
helping  them  to  overcome  their  handicaps 
and  to  develop  broader  and  more 
remunerative  skills. 

The  Minister  of  Social  Welfare  and 
Rehabilitation  is  authorized  to  furnish 
rehabilitation  services  to  any  disabled 
person  or  group  of  persons  and,  with  the 
approval  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor  in 
Council,  to  enter  into  an  agreement  with 
the  Government  of  Canada,  a  provincial 
Government,  a  municipality  or  the  Min- 
ister of  Municipal  Affairs  on  behalf  of  a 
local  improvement  district  for  the  purpose 


1651 


of  providing  for  the  rehabilitation  of 
disabled  persons.  A  division  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Social  Welfare  and  Rehabilitation 
has  been  developing  services  to  disabled 
persons  for  several  years.  Under  the  new 
Act,  this  program  will  be  expanded  as 
part  of  the  federal-provincial  plan.  An 
agreement  is  already  in  effect  between  the 
federal  Minister  of  Labour  and  the 
Saskatchewan  Minister  of  Social  Welfare 
and  Rehabilitation. 

Under  the  Act,  a  "disabled  person" 
means  a  Saskatchewan  resident  as  defined 
in  the  Social  Aid  Act  who  has  a  handicap 
which  obstructs  his  occupational  perform- 
ance, or  a  person  entitled  to  rehabilitation 
services  under  the  terms  of  an  agreement 
made  between  the  Saskatchewan  Govern- 
ment and  another  authority  as  provided 
for  in  the  Act. 

The  services  which  the  Minister  may 
provide  to  a  disabled  person,  or  may 
assist  him  to  obtain  by  means  of  a  grant 
or  loan,  include  all  types  of  vocational 
and  medical  assistance.  In  the  field  of 
vocational  assistance,  the  Minister  may 
provide  for  occupational  diagnosis  and 
guidance,  occupational  training  and  train- 
ing facilities,  including  transportation  and 
maintenance  of  the  disabled  person  while 
he  is  undergoing  training.  "Occupational 
training"  includes  manual,  pre-vocational, 
vocational  and  supplementary  training. 
Occupational  tools,  books,  material,  equip- 
ment and  other  personal  property  deemed 
necessary  for  rehabilitation  purposes  may 
also  be  supplied.  The  Minister  may  assist 
a  disabled  person  to  obtain  a  licence  or 
permit  required  by  any  Act  authorizing 
him  to  engage  in  a  particular  occupation, 
subject  to  the  terms  of  the  Act. 

The  medical  services  to  be  provided  for 
include  medical  or  psychiatric  examination, 
diagnosis  and  advice;  medical,  psychiatric, 
dental  and  surgical  treatment;  nursing  and 
hospital  care,  foster  home  care,  conval- 
escent home  care;  drugs,  medical  and 
surgical  supplies  and  prosthetic  appliances. 
The  Minister  is  given  discretion  to  provide 
any  other  services  he  considers  necessary 
to  carry  out  the  purpose  of  the  Act. 

Subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor  in  Council,  the  Minister  may 
declare  any  organization  or  group  of 
persons  to  be  in  need  of  rehabilitation 
services,  and  may  make  grants  to  any 
corporation  or  other  body  that  has  for  its 
object  the  rehabilitation  of  disabled  per- 
sons. He  also  has  power  to  purchase,  lease 
or  otherwise  acquire  real  property  if  he 
considers  it  necessary  for  the  purpose  of 
exercising    any    of    the    oowers    conferred 


upon  him  by  the  Act,  and  to  sell,  lease, 
exchange  or  otherwise  deal  with  the  prop- 
erty as  he  deems  advisable.  With  the 
approval  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor  in 
Council,  he  may  establish  and  operate 
rehabilitation  schools  and  any  rehabilitation 
project  or  enterprise. 

The  expenses  of  the  rehabilitation  ser- 
vices provided  under  the  Act  are  to  be  paid 
from  moneys  appropriated  by  the  Legis- 
lature for  the  purpose.  The  cost  of  any 
service  obtained  through  misrepresentation 
or  fraud  may  be  recovered  from  the 
recipient  or  from  the  estate  of  a  deceased 
recipient  as  a  debt  due  to  the  Crown. 

The  Act  authorizes  a  municipality,  and 
the  Minister  of  Municipal  Affairs  on 
behalf  of  a  local  improvement  district,  to 
enter  into  and  carry  into  effect  an  agree- 
ment with  the  provincial  Government  for 
rehabilitation  purposes.  This  does  not 
dispense  with  a  requirement  in  any  Act 
or  municipal  law  that  by-laws  be  sub- 
mitted to  a  vote  of  the  burgesses  or 
receive  the  approval  of  the  Local  Govern- 
ment Board. 

The  Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council  may 
make  regulations  for  the  proper  administra- 
tion of  the  Act  and  for  regulating  the 
expenditures  to  be  made.  He  may 
prescribe  the  conditions  of  eligibility  of 
applicants  for  rehabilitation  services,  the 
information  to  be  submitted,  the  form  of 
application  and  the  time,  manner  and  place 
of  making  application  and  may  provide  for 
investigation  into  an  application  and  for 
the  determination  of  questions  respecting 
eligibility.  Provision  is  also  made  for 
regulations  classifying  applicants  and  pre- 
scribing the  type  and  extent  of  services 
to  be  granted  to  any  class  of  applicants. 

Health  Services 

An  amendment  to  the  Health  Services 
Act  raised  from  $40  to  $50  the  maximum 
annual  tax  to  be  paid  bvy  any  person  on 
behalf  of  himself  and  his  spouse  and 
dependent  children  for  the  provision  of 
health  services. 

The  Hospitalization  Act  was  amended  to 
include  a  list  of  dependents  under  21  years 
of  age  who  are  covered  by  the  hospital- 
ization tax  paid  by  the  head  of  the  family 
and  to  remove  the  $30  limit  previously 
set  on  the  amount  he  may  be  required  to 
pay  annually  for  himself  and  his  family. 
The  maximum  tax  may  now  be  fixed  by 
regulation. 

The  list  of  dependants  is  the  same  as 
that  previously  set  out  in  regulations.  It 
includes  dependants  under  18  years  of  age, 
children  over  the  age  of  18  who  arc 
dependent   because    of   physical    or    mental 


1652 


infirmity,  and  dependants  between  the  ages 
of  18  and  21  years  who  are  attending  a 
secondary     school,     university     or     other 


educational  institution  or  are  training  at  a 
school  of  nursing  approved  by  the  Minister 
of  Health. 


Recent  Regulations,  Federal  and  Provincial 

New  plumbing  code  approved  and  safety  regulations  for  diesel  loco- 
motives in  coal  mines  issued  in  Alberta.  Higher  hospitalization  tax 
levied  in  Saskatchewan.  Changes  in  duration  of  training  course  and 
in  working  conditions  for  practical  nurses  made  in  Manitoba,  Ontario 


In  Alberta,  new  regulations  have  been 
made  to  ensure  the  safe  operation  of  diesel 
locomotives  in  coal  mines.  New  plumbing 
regulations  under  the  Alberta  Public  Health 
Act,  not  yet  in  effect,  will  apply  to  the 
whole  province. 

The  minimum  age  for  training  courses 
for  nursing  assistants  was  lowered  in 
Ontario  and  a  longer  course  prescribed. 
Revised  regulations  for  licensed  practical 
nurses  in  Manitoba  establish  new  condi- 
tions with  respect  to  hours,  wages  and 
holidays. 

In  Saskatchewan,  the  annual  premium 
payable  under  the  compulsory  Hospitaliza- 
tion Act  was  raised  from  $10  to  $15  for 
an  adult  and  from  a  maximum  of  $30  to 
$40  for  a  family. 

The  first  regulations  under  the  new 
Saskatchewan  Rehabilitation  Act  set  out 
the  procedure  to  be  followed  by  a  disabled 
person  in  applying  for  rehabilitation  ser- 
vices and  the  duties  of  the  Director,  under 
the  supervision  of  the  Social  Welfare 
Board,  in  furnishing  such  services. 

FEDERAL 

Pilotage  By-law 

A  new  by-law  was  issued  with  respect 
to  the  pilotage  of  vessels  entering  or 
leaving  the  port  of  Port  aux  Basques,  New- 
foundland, by  an  Order  in  Council  (P.C. 
1953-1234)  approved  August  5  and  gazetted 
August  26.  The  by-law  covers  such 
matters  as  the  licensing  of  pilots,  remun- 
eration, holidays  with  pay,  powers  and 
duties  of  pilots  and  boatmen,  and  pilotage 
dues. 

The  Board  of  Pilotage  Commissioners  for 
the  port,  which  is  responsible  for  hiring 
the  required  number  of  pilots  and  for 
making  and   administering   the  by-laws,   is 


required  to  maintain  one  pilot  boat  oper- 
ated by  a  boatman  on  instructions  from 
the  chief  pilot. 

All  pilots  must  be  licensed  by  the  Board. 
Licences  are  obtained  on  examination, 
which  may  include  a  complete  medical 
examination,  and  must  be  endorsed  annu- 
ally at  the  beginning  of  the  shipping 
season  by  the  chairman  of  the  Board. 

When  on  duty,  the  pilot  must  always 
carry  his  licence  and  a  copy  of  the  pilotage 
by-laws.  Pilots  must  be  available  for  duty 
at  all  times,  except  when  on  vacation,  and, 
unless  all  pilots  are  engaged  in  piloting 
vessels,  at  least  one  must  be  on  duty  at 
the  pilot  station  or  on  board  the  pilot 
boat  whenever  the  pilotage  limits  are  open 
to  navigation.  The  chief  pilot  or  one  of 
his  assistants  must  report  to  a  commis- 
sioner daily  to  ascertain  expected  arrivals 
and  departures.  The  pilot  must  hail  a 
vessel  which  enters  the  limits  except  those 
that  are  exempted  by  the  by-law  to  deter- 
mine whether  or  not  a  pilot  is  required 
and  must  immediately  notify  the  secretary- 
treasurer  of  the  Board  when  any  vessel  has 
entered  the  limits  and  been  offered  the 
services  of  a  pilot. 

Pilots  must  exercise  the  utmost  care  for 
the  safe  conduct  of  the  vessel  under  their 
charge,  whether  in  tow  or  not,  and  any 
damage  to  vessels  or  other  property  must 
be  reported  immediately.  The  pilot  must 
also  report  any  aids  to  navigation  which 
are  not  operating,  are  out  of  position  or 
missing  from  the  pilotage  limits. 

A  vacation  of  two  weeks  with  pay  after 
one  year  of  service  must  be  granted  to 
each  pilot.  The  salary  of  pilots  and  boat- 
men is  to  be  determined  by  the  Board  at 
its  annual  meeting  in  January.  At  the  end 
of  December  of  each  year  any  surplus  of 
funds  above  a  safe  operating  capital  after 
salaries  and  operating  expenses  have  been 


1653 


paid  must  be  divided,  at  the  discretion  of 
the  Board,  between  the  pilots  and  the 
boatmen. 

The  pilotage  dues,  which  are  appended 
to  the  by-law,  vary  according  to  registered 
tonnage  of  the  vessel.  A  surcharge  of  15 
per  cent  of  the  rates  is  set  to  meet  service 
charges  of  the  Pilotage  Commission.  If  a 
vessel  requires  to  be  moved  within  the 
limits  of  the  port,  the  charge  is  $12. 
Vessels  registered  in  Newfoundland  and 
operating  on  schedule  between  any  other 
province  and  the  port  and  those  entering 
the  port  for  refuge  are  required  to  pay 
only  half  the  fixed  pilotage  dues.  No 
vessel  will  be  compelled  to  accept  the  ser- 
vices of  a  pilot  but  dues  must  be  paid 
whenever  the  services  of  a  pilot  are  used 
or  offered. 

Certain  vessels  are  exempt  from  pilotage 
dues,  including  fishing  vessels  (except  when 
on  a  voyage  between  the  port  and  a  place 
outside  the  province),  government  ships, 
small  pleasure  yachts  and  vessels  of  less 
than  100  tons. 

The  by-law  was  issued  under  the  New- 
foundland Act  "Of  Outport  Pilots  and 
Pilotage"  which  remains  in  force  pending 
proclamation  in  Newfoundland  of  Part  VI 
of  the  Canada  Shipping  Act.  All  former 
by-laws  for  the  district  are  repealed. 


PROVINCIAL 

Alberta  Apprenticeship  Act 

The  regulations  under  the  Apprentice- 
ship Act  for  the  carpenter  trade  were 
replaced  to  include  provisions  for  the  issue 
of  certificates  of  qualification  to  persons  on 
the  basis  of  their  experience  in  the  trade 
and  to  make  a  few  changes  in  the  appren- 
ticeship standards  for  the  trade. 

New  sections  providing  for  certificates 
of  qualification  for  carpenters  enable  a 
carpenter  who  submits  proof  of  his  effi- 
ciency and  has  had  at  least  four  years  of 
qualifying  experience  before  September  15, 
1953,  to  apply  for  a  certificate.  Unless  a 
journeyman  applies  for  the  certificate  with- 
in 180  days  from  that  date,  he  will  be 
required  to  take  an  examination.  If  he 
fails  in  the  examination,  he  will  be  given 
appropriate  standing  as  an  apprentice  and 
may  then  complete  his  training  as  an 
apprentice. 

A  certificate  may  be  cancelled  if  it  is 
obtained  by  fraud  or  if  the  holder  fails  to 
pass  when  re-examined.  He  may  be 
required  by  the  Board  at  any  time  to 
appear    for    a    re-examination    without    fee. 


The  upper  age  limit  for  entering  into 
a  contract  of  apprenticeship  was  removed 
and  the  regulations  now  state  that,  subject 
to  the  Act  and  regulations,  a  person  of  16 
years  or  over  is  eligible  to  become  an 
apprentice  in  the  carpenter  trade.  Pre- 
viously, only  persons  between  16  and  21 
were  eligible  but  exception  could  be  made 
by  the  Board  for  Second  World  War 
veterans  over  the  age  of  21. 

Another  change  is  that  the  wage  pay- 
able to  an  apprentice  during  the  first  year 
of  apprenticeship  is  now  to  be  not  less 
than  45  per  cent  rather  than  40  per  cent 
of  the  prevailing  wages  of  a  journeyman. 
Other  wage  rates  are  unchanged. 

The  new  regulations  also  provide  for  the 
payment  of  a  $3  fee  for  a  certificate  of 
qualification. 

The  regulations  were  approved  on  August 
31  by  O.C.  1218-53,  gazetted  September  15. 

Alberta  Coal  Mines  Regulation  Act 

The  installation  and  use  of  diesel  loco- 
motives in  Alberta  coal  mines  are  now 
governed  by  regulations  under  the  Coal 
Mines  Regulation  Act. 

A  diesel  locomotive  cannot  be  used  in 
a  mine  without  the  written  permission  of 
the  Director  of  Mines.  An  application  for 
permission  must  be  in  writing  and  must 
state  the  type  of  construction  of  the  loco- 
motive, the  sections  of  the  mine  where 
it  will  be  operated,  the  maximum  gradient 
of  all  proposed  diesel  haulage  roads,  the 
quantity  of  air  passing  and  the  percentage 
of  inflammable  gas  present  and  any  other 
information  required  by  the  Director.  If 
the  Director  grants  permission,  he  may 
impose  certain  terms,  conditions  and 
special  rules  under  which  the  diesel 
locomotive  may  be  operated.  He  may  at 
any  time  vary  these  or  may  withdraw  his 
permission. 

The  track  on  which  the  locomotive  is 
operated  must  have  adequate  strength  and 
be  laid  and  maintained  so  that  the  loco- 
motive and  its  load  will  be  supported  with 
the  maximum  of  safety  at  all  times. 
Abrupt  curves  must  be  avoided  and  where 
necessary  the  outer  rail  must  be  raised  and 
a  guard  rail  provided.  There  must  be  suffi- 
cient clearance  to  prevent  accidents  or  the 
restriction   of   air   currents. 

The  quantity  of  air  passing  and  the 
percentage  of  inflammable  gas  present  at 
each  end  of  a  roadway  and  at  inter- 
mediate points  must  be  tested  at  least 
once  weekly.  If  the  amount  of  inflammable 
gas  exceeds  0-75  per  cent,  tests  must  be 
made  at  least  daily  while  that  percentage 
exists  and  for  six  working  days  afterwards. 


1654 


These  daily  tests  must  be  made  when  the 
percentage  is  likely  to  be  greatest  and  the 
results  must  be  reported  to  the  mine 
manager  and  by  him  to  the  District 
Inspector  within  seven  days. 

If  the  amount  of  inflammable  gas  present 
is  found  to  exceed  one  per  cent,  the  use 
of  the  locomotive  must  be  discontinued 
and  the  action  reported  without  delay  to 
the  Director.  The  use  of  the  locomotive 
may  not  be  resumed  until  the  situation  has 
been  remedied  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
District  Inspector. 

Monthly  tests  of  exhaust  gas  must  indi- 
cate less  than  two  parts  per  thousand  of 
carbon  monoxide  or  the  locomotive  will 
be  deemed  defective. 

Only  diesel  locomotives  of  a  type  and 
construction  approved  by  the  Director  may 
be  used  and  they  must  be  properly  main- 
tained. The  requirements  include  a  flame- 
proof trap  on  the  exhaust,  a  speed  indi- 
cator, an  efficient  headlight  with  a 
visibility  range  of  200  feet  and  a  portable 
fire  extinguisher. 

A  dairy  examination  of  the  locomotive 
must  be  made  by  a  capable  person 
appointed  in  writing  by  the  manager.  The 
flameproof  trap  on  the  exhaust  must  be 
replaced  by  one  in  clean  condition  at  least 
once  a  day.  At  least  once  a  week  an 
examination  must  be  made  by  a  qualified 
mechanic  to  see  that  the  locomotive  is  in 
all  respects  in  proper  working  order.  A 
brake  test  is  also  required  weekly  and  after 
any  repairs  or  adjustments  have  been 
made.  The  results  of  all  such  tests  must 
be  entered  in  a  book  kept  for  that  pur- 
pose. A  locomotive  must  not  be  used  if 
any  defects  are  likely  to  result  in  its  unsafe 
operation. 

Permissible  loads,  speeds  and  other 
matters  in  connection  with  the  safe 
running  of  trains  are  to  be  determined  by 
the  mine  manager.  A  diesel  driver  must 
he  thoroughly  trained  in  the  operation  of 
the  train. 

Safety  requirements  are  laid  down  for 
the  handling  and  storage  of  oil  used  as 
fuel.  Unless  permission  from  the  District 
Inspector  is  obtained,  only  sufficient  oil 
for  one  day's  work  may  be  taken  below 
ground.  General  precautions  to  be  taken 
against  the  outbreak  of  fire  include  a 
prohibition  of  smoking  in  or  within  30  feet 
of  a  filling  station. 

Alberta  Public  Health  Act 

New  plumbing  regulations,  approved  by 
O.C.  1173-53  on  August  24,  and  gazetted 
September    15,    will    become    effective    "on 


the  180th  day"  after  publication.  A  new 
plumbing  code  for  the  province  of  Ontario 
recently  went  into  effect. 

The  regulations  apply  to  the  sanitary  or 
storm  drainage  facilities,  the  venting 
system,  and  the  public  or  private  water 
supply  system  of  any  building  and  to  the 
connection  of  any  storm  water  or  sewerage 
system  with  any  point  of  public  disposal  or 
other  terminal.  They  do  not  apply  to 
plumbing  installations  under  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  Government  of  Canada  in 
areas  such  as  National  Parks,  Indian 
Reservations  and  Armed  Forces  properties, 
or  to  the  plumbing  in  a  single  family 
dwelling,  provided  that  these  installations 
are  in  no  way  connected  to  municipally- 
controlled  water  or  sewerage  systems.  They 
do,  however,  apply  to  private  sewage 
disposal  systems  installed  by  a  house  owner 
in  a  city,  town,  village  or  hamlet. 

Plumbing  inspectors  responsible  for 
enforcing  the  regulations  are  to  be 
appointed  by  the  local  municipal  council  in 
an  urban  municipality  with  a  population  of 
more  than  2,000  or  any  urban  municipality 
which  has  a  water  or  sewerage  system.  In 
other  areas  of  the  province  inspectors  will 
be  appointed  by  the  provincial  Board  of 
Health.  Before  any  plumbing  installation 
is  made,  application  for  a  permit  must 
be  made  to  a  plumbing  inspector.  Permits 
may  be  issued  only  to  plumbing  con- 
tractors, except  that  the  owner  of  a  single 
family  dwelling  may  be  granted  a  permit 
to  install  a  private  sewage  disposal  system 
or  to  do  any  plumbing  work  in  his  house. 

All  construction,  repair,  renovation  or 
alteration  of  plumbing  must  be  done  in 
conformity  with  the  regulations.  Where 
the  plumbing  system  in  an  existing  build- 
ing is  altered  or  repaired,  necessary  devia- 
tions from  the  regulations  will  be  permitted 
provided  that  they  conform  to  the  intent 
of  the  regulations  and  receive  the  written 
approval  of  the  plumbing  inspector.  All 
fixtures,  pipe  and  other  materials  must  be 
in  accordance  with  the  standards  approved 
by  the  National  Building  Code  issued  by 
the  National  Research  Council  of  Canada. 

All  new  and  existing  plumbing  systems 
are  subject  to  inspection.  In  urban 
municipalities  with  more  than  2.000 
persons  or  in  any  municipality  with  a  water 
or  sewerage  system,  all  plumbing  con- 
structed, repaired,  renewed  or  altered  must 
be  inspected  and  found  to  conform  to  the 
regulations  before  it  is  put  into  use.  If 
in  the  inspector's  opinion  the  installation 
does  not  comply  with  the  regulations,  he 
may  issue  written  instructions  requiring 
the  fault  to  be  remedied  within  a  specified 
time    limit.     Where    a    plumbing    inspector 


1655 


becomes  aware  of  defective  plumbing  in 
any  existing  building  which  is  or  may- 
become  prejudicial  to  the  public  health, 
he  must  advise  the  local  or  provincial 
board  of  health.  The  board  may  require 
the  plumbing  to  be  altered  to  comply  with 
the  regulations. 

Alberta  Quarries  Regulation  Act 

A  fee  of  $5  has  been  set  under  the 
Alberta  Quarries  Regulation  Act  for  the 
examination  for  a  blaster's  certificate  and 
also  for  the  certificate.  The  Act  was 
amended  in  1952  to  authorize  the  setting 
of  fees  by  the  Lieutenant-Governor  in 
Council.  Further,  the  section  of  the 
regulations  setting  out  the  qualifications 
required  for  a  blaster's  certificate  was 
replaced  and  the  procedure  for  obtaining 
a  certificate  was  added. 

To  qualify  for  a  blaster's  certificate,  an 
applicant  must  now  be  able  to  give  as 
well  as  to  understand  working  directions 
and  warnings  in  English.  The  other 
qualifications  are  unchanged,  i.e.,  the 
applicant  must  be  at  least  21  years  old 
and  must  have  had  at  least  six  months' 
experience  in  blasting  operations  under  the 
supervision  of  a  blaster. 

Previously,  the  regulations  merely  stated 
that  an  inspector  might  grant  a  certificate 
to  any  person  who  had  the  above  qualifi- 
cation. The  certificate  was  valid  from  the 
date  of  issue  until  the  following  July  31 
and  might  be  renewed  at  the  discretion 
of  the  inspector.  It  is  now  provided  that 
an  applicant  must  apply  to  the  inspector 
on  a  special  form  and  enclose  the  $5  fee. 
The  inspector  will  then  conduct  an  exam- 
ination and  report  on  it  to  the  Director 
of  Mines.  Within  the  12  months  following 
notification  that  he  may  obtain  a  certifi- 
cate, the  applicant  may  pay  the  $5  fee 
and  apply  to  the  Director  for  a  blaster's 
certificate. 

iNo  expiry  date  is  set  for  the  certificate. 
As  before,  the  Director  may  suspend  or 
cancel  it  if  the  holder  is  incompetent  or 
guilty  of  a  dangerous  practice  or  improper 
conduct. 

The  amendment  to  the  regulations  was 
approved  on  August  31  by  O.C.  1217-53, 
gazetted  September  15. 

Manitoba  Licensed  Practical  Nurses  Act 

New  regulations  under  the  Manitoba 
Licensed  Practical  Nurses  Act  dealing  with 
fees,  hours  and  vacations  became  effective 
September  1. 

Several  changes  were  made  with  respect 
to  fees.  The  new  fees  are  minimum  fees. 
The  daily  minima  for  an  8-hour,  10-hour, 
12-hour   or   20-hour   day   are   $6,   $7.50,   $9 


and  $10,  respectively.  These  represent  an 
increase  from  the  former  fees  of  $5.40, 
$6,  $7.30  and  $7.45.  The  regulations  make 
it  clear  that  a  licensed  practical  nurse  is 
responsible  for  her  own  board,  room  and 
maintenance. 

Where  a  practical  nurse  is  employed  and 
paid  by  the  month  or  longer  period,  the 
minimum  monthly  salary  which  she  must 
receive  is  now  $135  plus  laundering  of 
uniforms.  Previously,  graduated  monthly 
fees  were  set,  depending  on  whether  a 
nurse  was  in  her  first,  second,  third  or  a 
subsequent  year  of  service.  Further,  they 
were  applicable  to  cases  where  room,  board 
and  laundry  were  supplied  free  of  charge. 
A  practical  nurse  was  authorized  to  charge 
an  additional  fee  equivalent  to  the  current 
value  of  room,  board  or  laundry  not 
supplied  to  her. 

The  stipulation  that  a  practical  nurse 
must  have  four  hours  off  duty  and  at  least 
six  hours  for  sleep  each  day  that  she  is  on 
20-hour  duty  now  applies  to  any  period  of 
duty  in  excess  of  12  hours  in  a  day. 

Working  hours  for  practical  nurses 
employed  by  the  month  may  not  exceed 
eight  in  a  day  and  44  in  a  week.  The 
previous  regulations  limited  daily  hours  to 
eight  and  provided  that  a  nurse  should 
not  be  required  to  work  more  than  six 
days  in  a  week. 

Under  the  previous  regulations,  nurses  on 
a  monthly  salary  were  entitled  to  two 
weeks'  holiday  with  pay  in  each  year. 
The  relevant  provision  now  states  that  they 
are  entitled,  on  completion  of  a  year's 
continuous  service  with  an  employer,  to 
two  weeks  or  to  the  period  provided  for 
under  the  Vacations  with  Pay  Act,  which- 
ever is  the  greater.  A  year's  continuous 
service  means  a  period  of  not  less  than 
95  per  cent  of  the  regular  working  hours 
within  the  12  months  immediately  pre- 
ceding the  vacation. 

Issued  as  Manitoba  Regulation  26/53,  the 
regulations  were  filed  August  28  and 
gazetted  September  5.  At  the  same  time, 
Man.  Reg.  27/53  set  fees  of  $5  for  regis- 
tration of  the  certificate  of  qualification  as 
a  licensed  practical  nurse  and  of  $1  for 
either  an  annual  or  a  special  licence  to 
practise  as  a  licensed  practical  nurse. 

Ontario  Nursing  Act 

The  training  course  for  nursing  assistants 
under  the  Ontario  Nursing  Act  has  been 
lengthened  from  nine  to  ten  months  and 
the  minimum  age  for  admission  to  the 
course   is  now   17  years  rather   than   18. 

The  changes  were  gazetted  September  12 
as  O.  Reg.  157/53.     It  amends  the  regula- 


1656 


tions  (O.  Reg.  48/52  of  January  31,  1952) 
governing  the  training,  examination,  cer- 
tification     and      registration      of      nursing 

assistants. 

Saskatchewan  Hospitalization  Act 

A  1953  amendment  to  the  Saskatchewan 
Hospitalization  Act  removed  the  $30  limit 
on  the  total  amount  which  could  be 
collected  annually  from  a  family  for  the 
hospitalization  tax  and  authorized  the 
Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council  to  fix  the 
maximum  amount  payable.  In  the  regu- 
lations governing  the  levy  and  collection 
of  the  hospitalization  tax  for  the  year  1954, 
the  amount  is  fixed  at  $40  in  respect  of 
any  person,  his  wife  and  dependants. 

The  annual  tax  for  an  adult  is  raised 
from  $10  to  $15  but  the  tax  for  a  child 
under  18  years  of  age  remains  $5. 

The  pro  rata  tax  for  a  person  who 
becomes  eligible  for  benefit  in  the  course 
of  a  tax  year  is  now  $1.26  a  month  instead 
of  84  cents.  It  is  still  42  cents  a  month 
for  a  child  under  18  years  of  age.  The 
total  pro  rata  tax  for  a  family  must  not 
exceed  $3.34  a  month  (previously  $2.50). 

A  new  section  in  the  regulations  sets  out 
the  conditions  under  which  tax  refunds 
may  be  made  in  cases  where  the  1954  tax 
has  been  paid.  An  application  for  a  refund 
on  behalf  of  a  resident  leaving  the  prov- 
ince before  January  1,  1954,  to  live  else- 
where must  be  made  on  or  before  Feb- 
ruary 28.  Refunds  may  also  be  made  on 
behalf  of  persons  who  are  members  of  an 
exempted  class  from  January  1  or  who 
become  beneficiaries  under  the  British 
Columbia  Hospital  Insurance  Act. 

The  regulations  were  approved  by  O.C. 
1635/53  on  July  27  and  gazetted  Sep- 
tember 4. 


Saskatchewan  Rehabilitation  Act 

Regulations  have  been  issued  for  the 
administration  of  the  Saskatchewan  Reha- 
bilitation Act  passed  this  year  to  provide 
physical  and  vocational  rehabilitation  ser- 
vices to  the  disabled  (see  p.  0000).  The 
regulations,  made  on  May  25  and  gazetted 
August  28,  state  that  application  for  such 
services  may  be  made  to  the  Director  of 
Rehabilitation  in  the  Department  of 
Social  Welfare  and  Rehabilitation  or  to 
Administrators  of  Regional  Offices.  The 
application  must  be  on  a  form  prescribed 
by  the  Director  and  the  applicant  must 
furnish  any  evidence  necessary  to  prove 
his  eligibility. 

The  duties  of  the  Director  or  an  Admin- 
istrator include  keeping  a  record  of  all 
services  provided,  examining  applications, 
and  furnishing  the  services  he  considers 
advisable  for  the  rehabilitation  of  a 
disabled  person  whose  prognosis  is  favour- 
able for  early  employment.  The  disabled 
person  or  his  parents  may  be  required  to 
pay  part  of  the  cost. 

The  Social  Welfare  Board  must  give  its 
approval  to  any  arrangement  made  by  the 
Director  with  a  public  or  private  agency 
for  granting  services  and  sharing  the  costs. 
It  must  approve  the  terms  and  conditions 
under  which  a  loan  is  given  to  establish 
a  disabled  person  in  a  business  enter- 
prise. Such  a  loan  cannot  exceed  $1,000. 
The  Board  may  also  impose  conditions 
with  respect  to  the  furnishing  of  services 
and  may  require  its  approval  to  be  given 
before  services  are  provided  by  the  Director 
or  Administrators  of  Regional  Offices. 


Trades  Union  Congress 

(Continued  from  page  1623) 
Ministry  of  Pensions  and  National  Insur- 
ance. Delegates  were  assured  that  General 
Council  is  fully  alive  to  the  importance 
of  seeing  that  assurances  given  by  the 
Government  are  observed  to  ensure  that 
the  interests  of  the  war  disabled  are  fully 
safeguarded. 

Other  Resolutions 

Resolutions  were  adopted  calling  for: — 
Early  Four-Power  peace  talks. 


Equal  pay  for  equal  work  in  the  public 
services. 

Reduction  in  the  period  of  compulsory 
military  service. 

Implementation  of  the  Gowers  report 
concerning  health,  welfare  and  safety  in 
non-industrial  employment. 

Payment  of  unemployment  benefit  to 
persons  whose  employment  is  affected  by 
a  trade  dispute. 


1657 


Unemployment  Insurance 


Monthly  Report  on  Operation  of 

the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Claims   for   benefit   declined   slightly   during    August,    statistics*    show, 
but  were  about  21  per  cent  more  numerous  than  for  same  month  of  1952 


Initial  and  renewal  claims  for  unemploy- 
ment insurance  benefit  declined  slightly 
during  August  but  were  21  per  cent  higher 
than  for  the  same  period  in   1952. 

August  statistics  include  for  the  first 
time  claimants  becoming  incapacitated 
while  drawing  benefit,  in  accordance  with 
the  amendment  to  the  Unemployment 
Insurance  Act.  which  came  into  effect 
August  3  (L.G.,  Aug.  1953,  p.  1116). 

The  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
monthly  report  on  the  operation  of  the 
Unemployment  Insurance  Act  shows  that 
during  August  a  total  of  74,052  claims  was 
filed  in  local  offices  across  Canada,  com- 
pared with  75,869  recorded  for  July  and 
61.038  for  August    1952. 

Ordinary  claimants  on  the  live  unem- 
ployment register  on  August  31  totalled 
111,287  (78.491  males  and  32.796  females), 
compared  with  110,938  (77.607  males  and 
33,331  females)  on  July  31  and  101,980 
(71,146  males  and  30.834  females)  on 
August  31.  1952.  On  August  31,  short-time 
and  temporary  claimants  numbered  14,481 
(9,854  males  and  4,627  females)  and  8,552 
(7,789  males  and  763  females)   respectively. 

Adjudicating  officers  disposed  of  initial 
and  renewal  claims  on  behalf  of  74,262 
claimants,  of  whom  53,163  were  entitled  to 
benefit  and  21,099  were  not  entitled.  The 
chief  reasons  for  non-entitlement  to  benefit 
were:  "benefit  year  not  established".  7,179 
cases;  and  the  following  disqualifications 
(including  5,714  on  revised  claims),  "not 
unemployed",  9.754  cases  (in  57  per  cent 
of  these  cases  the  duration  of  the  disqualifi- 
cation period  was  6  days  or  less)  ; 
"voluntarily  leaving  without  just  cause", 
4.285  cases. 

During  August.  49.268  persons  began 
receiving  benefit,  compared  with  49,164  in 
July  and  46.642  in  August   1952. 


In  a  comparison  of  current  employment 
statistics  with  those  for  a  previous  period, 
consideration  should  be  given  to  relevant 
factors  other  than  numbers,  such  as  the 
opening  and  closing  of  seasonal  indus- 
tries, increase  in  area  population,  influ- 
ence of  weather  conditions,  and  the 
general  employment  situation. 


See  Tables  E-l  to  E-6  at  end  of  book. 


Benefit  payments  during  August  amounted 
to  $6,408,827  in  respect  of  2.138,224  com- 
pensated days  (of  which  6,452  were 
disability  days  compensated),  compared 
with  S7, 148.024  and  2,383,416  days  during 
July  and  86,238.800  and  2,150,173  days 
during  August   1952. 

During  the  week  August  29-September  4, 
87,367  beneficiaries  received  $1,483,305  in 
compensation  for  496.690  days  (including 
3.685  days  of  disability),  in  comparison 
with  89,747  beneficiaries,  $1,526,163  and 
511.447  days  for  the  week  July  25-31,  and 
82.740  beneficiaries  who  were  paid  SI. 373.517 
in  respect  of  464,194  days  during  the  week 
August  23-29,  1952. 

The  average  daily  rate  of  benefit  for 
the  last  week  of  August  was  S2.99.  com- 
pared with  82.98  for  the  last  week  of  July 
and  $2.96  for  the  corresponding  week  last 
year. 

Insurance  Registrations 

Reports  received  from  local  offices  of 
the  Unemployment  Insurance  Commission 
for  the  month  show  that  insurance  books 
or  contribution  cards  have  been  issued  to 
4.138.093  employees  who  have  made  con- 
tributions to  the  Unemployment  Insurance 
Fund  at  one  time  or  another  since  April  1. 
1953. 

Ai  August  31.  employers  registered 
numbered  250.294.  an  increase  of  813 
during  the  month. 


1658 


Decisions  of  the  Umpire  under 

the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Digests  of  two  selected  decisions  rendered  by  the  Umpire 


Decision  CUB  908,  February  19,  1953 

Held:  That  inasmuch  as  the  claimant  had 
voluntarily  left  her  job  three  weeks  before 
her  marriage  without  informing  her 
employer  of  her  desire  to  return  to  work 
after  her  marriage,  it  could  not  be  said 
that  her  separation  from  employment  was 
in  consequence  of  the  application  of  her 
employer's  rule  against  retaining  married 
women,  within  the  meaning  of  Benefit 
Regulation  5A(l)(b)(i). 

Material  Facts  of  Case — The  claimant, 
who  had  worked  for  a  textile  company  since 
1947,  filed  a  short-time  claim  for  benefit 
on  October  11,  1951. 

On  October  1,  1952,  the  local  office 
reported  that  she  was  married  on  Sep- 
tember 20,  1952,  and  that  she  had  definitely 
left  her  employment  on  August  29,  1952. 
The  employer  stated  that  she  had  not  been 
discharged  in  consequence  of  a  rule  against 
the  employment  of  married  women  but  had 
voluntarily  left.  In  regard  to  those  state- 
ments, the  claimant  commented  that  she 
gave  her  notice  of  separation  to  the 
employer  on  August  29,  1952,  because  she 
was  getting  married  on  September  20,  1952, 
and  she  knew  that  the  employer  had  a  rule 
against  retaining  married  women  in  his 
employ  as  he  had  refused  to  accede  to  a 
request  of  one  of  her  fellow-workers  that 
she  be  retained  in  her  employment  after 
marriage. 

On  the  evidence  before  him,  the  insur- 
ance officer  disqualified  the  claimant  from 
the  receipt  of  benefit  for  a  period  of  two 
years  immediately  following  the  date  of 
her  marriage  because  in  his  opinion  she  had 
not  met  any  one  of  the  conditions  stipu- 
lated in  Benefit  Regulation  5A. 

In  her  appeal  to  a  court  of  referees,  the 
claimant  stated  that  after  her  marriage  she 
went  to  see  the  personnel  manager  of  the 
company  with  a  view  to  being  rehired 
and  although  he  took  her  application  he 
informed  her  that  he  had  no  work  for  her. 

The  claimant  and  a  union  representative 
appeared  before  a  court  of  referees  at  the 
hearing  of  her  case.  The  court,  after  taking 
into  consideration  that  the  employer  had 
refused  a  request  of  one  of  her  fellow- 
workers  to  be  kept  on  in  her  employment 


after  her  marriage  and  that  there  were  no 
married  women  working  in  the  claimant's 
department,  unanimously  allowed  her 
appeal  on  the  ground  that  the  policy 
followed  by  the  employer  in  respect  to 
the  employment  of  married  women  was 
tantamount  to  a  rule  within  the  meaning 
of  Benefit  Regulation  5A. 

The  insurance  officer  appealed  to  the 
Umpire,  contending  that  the  court's  deci- 
sion was  contrary  to  the  jurisprudence 
established  in  previous  decisions  of  the 
Umpire  dealing  with  similar  cases. 

Conclusions — The  insurance  officer  rightly 
contends  that  the  decision  of  the  court  of 
referees  is  not  in  accordance  with  the  juris- 
prudence laid  down  by  the  Umpire  in 
similar  cases. 

In  a  recent  decision,  CU-B  884,  I  drew 
attention  of  this  same  court  to  the  follow- 
ing extract  from  decision  CU-B  859: — 

If  the  evidence  indicates  that  a  claimant 
has  not  asked  to  be  retained  in  the  service 
of  the  employer  but  has  voluntarily  left  her 
employment  because  she  assumed  that  she 
would  be  dismissed  on  account  of  her 
marriage,  the  requirement  of  Benefit  Regu- 
lation 5A(1)  (b)  (i)    is  not  met. 

I  would  add  that  the  decisions  of  the 
Umpire  are  final  and  not  subject  to  appeal 
to  any  court  and  that  courts  of  referees 
as  well  as  the  insurance  officers  must  con- 
form to  them. 

In  the  present  case,  the  evidence  indi- 
cates that  the  claimant  had  voluntarily 
left  her  employment  without  informing  her 
employer  of  her  desire  to  return  to  work 
after  her  marriage.  The  employer  had 
every  reason  to  believe  that  she  had 
definitely  left  her  employment  and  when 
she  returned  to  "retake  her  job"  the 
employer  had  replaced  her  or  else  had  not 
found  it  necessary  to  replace  her. 

The  fact,  as  reported  by  the  claimant, 
that  the  employer  "took  her  application" 
shows  that  he  had  no  rule  to  the  effect 
that  married  women  had  to  be  released  as 
a  consequence  of  their  marriage. 

For  those  reasons,  the  appeal  is  allowed 
and  the  disqualification  from  the  receipt 
of  benefit  originally  imposed  by  the  insur- 
ance officer  is  reinstated  as  from  the  date 
that  this  decision  is  communicated  to  the 
claimant. 


80153—6 


1659 


Decision  CUB  922,  March  20,  1953 

Held:  That  the  unemployment  of  the 
claimant  as  from  the  beginning  of  the 
strike  in  anticipation  of  which  he  had  been 
laid  off  was  by  reason  of  a  stoppage  of 
work  due  to  a  labour  dispute. 

Material  Facts  of  Case — The  claimant 
filed  a  renewal  claim  for  benefit  on  June  13, 
1952,  and  stated  that  he  had  worked  as  a 
sawyer  for  a  shingle  company  in  Van- 
couver, B.C.,  from  March  5,  1952,  to 
June  12,  1952,  when  he  was  laid  off  because 
of  a  shortage  of  work. 

The  Vancouver  Office  of  the  Commission 
reported  that  a  labour  dispute  had  been 
in  progress  for  some  time  between  the 
lumbering,    logging    and    sawmill    operators 

and  the  union;  that  the  dispute 

was  submitted  to  a  board  of  conciliation 
but  the  union  refused  to  accept  the 
majority  award;  that  from  time  to  time 
the  union  had  proclaimed  "June  15 — no 
contract — no  work"  with  the  result  that  a 
stoppage  of  work  occurred  throughout  the 
industry  shortly  after  midnight,  June  15, 
1952;  that  the  employer  had  informed  the 
local  office  that  his  plant  closed  down  on 
the  afternoon  of  June  12  as  his  supply  of 
logs  was  exhausted;  that  logs  were  on 
the  way  but  they  did  not  arrive  in  time 
to  continue  operations  the  following  day 
and  that  had  it  not  been  for  the  strike 
which  had  been  called  on  June  14,  oper- 
ations would  have  been  resumed  on  that 
date. 

The  insurance  officer  disqualified  the 
claimant  from  the  receipt  of  benefit  as 
from  June  16,  1952,  under  Section  39(1) 
of  the  Act  and  for  so  long  as  the  stoppage 
of  work  continued. 

The  claimant  appealed  to  a  court  of 
referees,  which,  after  having  heard  repre- 
sentatives of  his  union  and  the  regional 
appeals  officer,  unanimously  upheld  the 
decision  of  the  insurance  officer. 

The  union  appealed  to  the  Umpire. 

Conclusions — The  appeal  of  the  inter- 
ested union  is  based  on  two  grounds, 
namely: — 


(a)  That  the  claimant  and  those  asso- 
ciated with  him  in  the  appeal  lost  their 
employment  "due  to  shortage  of  logs  and 
market  conditions". 

\(b)  That  employees  of  certain  other 
companies  connected  with  the  lumbering 
industry  were  paid,  under  similar  circum- 
stances, unemployment  insurance  benefit. 

Regarding  (a),  this  question  is  entirely 
one  of  fact  and,  after  having  thoroughly 
studied  the  evidence  on  file,  I  do  not  see 
any  valid  reason  to  differ  with  the  unani- 
mous finding  of  the  court  of  referees  that 
the  claimant  was  laid  off  in  anticipation 
of  the  impending  strike.  Under  the  cir- 
cumstances and  in  accordance  with  the 
principle  laid  down  by  my  predecessor  in 
CU-B  417,  which  principle  I  have  restated 
in  many  subsequent  decisions  dealing  with 
cases  coming  under  Section  39  of  the  Act, 
the  court  rightly  ruled  that  the  claimant's 
unemployment  as  from  June  16,  1952,  was 
by  reason  of  a  stoppage  of  work  due  to 
a  labour  dispute  within  the  meaning  of 
the  Act. 

Regarding  (b),  the  case  concerning  those 
employees  is  not  before  me  for  decision. 
However  it  would  appear  from  the  testi- 
mony given  by  the  Regional  Appeals  Officer 
of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Commis- 
sion before  the  court  of  referees  that  if 
the  said  employees  received  benefit  it  was 
either  because  they  "were  operating  under 
a  separate  agreement"  and  "were  not 
allowed  access  to  the  plant"  or  because 
their  employer  had  adduced  satisfactory 
evidence  that  the  cessation  of  his  opera- 
tions was  "in  no  way  connected  with  the 
present  wage  negotiations  between  (the) 
union  and  operators". 

In    concluding,   I    might    add    that    it    is 

significant  to  note  that  when  Mr , 

one  of  the  union  officials  who  appeared 
before  the  court,  was  asked  at  the  hearing 
whether  the  union  would  have  let  the  man 
go  back  to  work  had  the  employers  wanted 
to  continue  or  resume  their  operations,  he 
replied:  "None  of  our  members  are  going 
to  be  scabs.  They  are  not  that  kind  of 
people." 

For  those  reasons,  the  appeal  is  dismissed. 


Recent  Amendments  Concern  Holiday  and  Severance  Pay 


Holiday  pay  will  no  longer  deprive  of 
benefit  a  claimant  for  unemployment  in- 
surance, and  severance  pay  will  be  disre- 
garded in  determining  whether  or  not  a 
person  is  unemployed,  as  a  result  of  recent 
amendments  to  unemployment  insurance 
benefit  regulations.  The  new  provisions 
went  into  effect  October  1. 


Under  the  new  provisions,  benefit  is  not 
paid  to  an  employee  for  the  first  week 
of  a  plant  or  factory  shutdown  for  a 
general  holiday,  regardless  of  whether  he 
is'  paid  for  the  holiday  or  not.  However, 
if  the  shutdown  lasts  for  more  than  a  week, 
benefit  is  paid  for  the  days,  other  than 
(Continued  on  page  1610) 


1660 


Labour  Conditions 

in  Federal  drover  ninent  Contracts 


r 


Wage  Schedules  Prepared  and  Contracts  Awarded  during  September 

Works  of  Construction,  Remodelling,  Repair  or  Demolition 

During  September  the  Department  of  Labour  prepared  140  wage  schedules  for  inclu- 
sion in  contracts  proposed  to  be  undertaken  by  departments  of  the  federal  Government 
and  its  Crown  corporations  in  various  areas  of  Canada,  for  works  of  construction, 
remodelling,  repair  or  demolition.  In  the  same  period,  a  total  of  159  contracts  in  these 
categories  was  awarded.    Particulars  of  these  contracts  appear  below. 

A  copy  of  the  wage  schedule  issued  for  each  contract  is  available  on  request  to  trade 
unions  concerned  or  to  others  who  have  a  bona  fide  interest  in  the  execution  of  the 
contract. 

(The  labour  conditions  included  in  each  of  the  contracts  listed  under  this  heading- 
provide  that: — 

(a)  the  wage  rate  for  each  classification  of  labour  shown  in  the  wage  schedule  included 
in  the  contract  is  a  minimum  rate  only  and  contractors  and  subcontractors  are  not 
exempted  from  the  payment  of  higher  wages  in  any  instance  where,  during  the  continuation 
of  the  work,  wage  rates  in  excess  of  those  shown  in  the  wage  schedule  have  been  fixed  by 
provincial  legislation,  by  collective  agreements  in  the  district,  or  by  current  practice; 

(b)  hours  of  work  shall  not  exceed  eight  in  the  day  and  44  in  the  week,  except  in 
emergency  conditions  approved  by  the  Minister  of  Labour; 

(c)  overtime  rates  of  pay  may  be  established  by  the  Minister  of  Labour  for  all  hours 
worked  in  excess  of  eight  per  day  and  44  per  week; 

(d)  no  employee  shall  be  discriminated  against  because  of  his  race,  national  origin, 
colour  or  religion,  nor  because  the  employee  has  made  a  complaint  with  respect  to  such 
discrimination.) 


Contracts  Awarded  for  the  Manufacture  of  Supplies  and  Equipment 

Contracts  awarded  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies  and  equipment  during  September 
are  set  out  below : — 

Department  No.  of  Contracts  Aggregate  Amount 

Defence    Production    (July    Report) 128  $687,502.00 

Post   Office 9  90,127.25 

Public  Works 3  47,918.00 

(The  labour  conditions  included  in  contracts  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies  and 
equipment  provide  that: — 

(a)  all  persons  who  perform  labour  on  such  contracts  shall  be  paid  such  wages  as  are 
currently  paid  in  the  district  to  competent  workmen,  and  if  there  is  no  current  rate,  then 
a  fair  and  reasonable  rate;  but  in  no  event  shall  the  wages  paid  be  less  than  those 
established  by  the  laws  of  the  province  in  which  the  work  is  being  performed; 


The  Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of  Labour 
legislation  of  the  federal  Government  has 
the  purpose  of  insuring  that  all  Govern- 
ment contracts  for  works  of  construction 
and  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies  and 
equipment  contain  provisions  to  secure 
the  payment  of  wages  generally  accepted 
as  fair  and  reasonable  in  each  trade  or 
classification  employed  in  the  district 
where  the  work  is  being  performed. 

The  practice  of  Government  depart- 
ments and  those  Crown  corporations  to 
which  the  legislation  applies,  before 
entering  into  contracts  for  any  work  of 
construction,  remodelling,  repair  or  demo- 
lition, is  to  obtain  wage  schedules  from 
the  Department  of  Labour,  showing  the 
applicable  wage  rate  for  each  classifica- 
tion of  workmen  deemed  to  be  required 
in    the    execution    of    the    work.      These 


wage  schedules  are  thereupon  included 
with  other  relevant  labour  conditions  as 
terms  of  such  contracts  to  be  observed 
by  the  contractors. 

Wage  schedules  are  not  included  in 
contracts  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies 
and  equipment  because  it  is  not  possible 
to  determine  in  advance  the  classifica- 
tions to  be  employed  in  the  execution 
of  a  contract.  A  statement  of  the  labour 
conditions  which  must  be  observed  in 
every  such  contract  is,  however,  included 
therein  and  is  of  the  same  nature  and 
effect  as  those  which  apply  in  works  of 
construction. 

Copies  of  the  federal  Government's 
Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of  Labour  legis- 
lation may  be  had  upon  request  to  the 
Industrial  Relations  Branch  of  the 
Department   of  Labour,   Ottawa. 


80153— 6| 


1661 


(b)  the  working  hours  shall  be  those  fixed  by  the  custom  of  the  trade  in  the  district 
or,  if  there  be  no  such  custom,  then  fair  and  reasonable  hours; 

(c)  overtime  rates  of  pay  may  be  established  by  the  Minister  of  Labour  for  all  hours 
worked  in  excess  of  those  fixed  by  custom  of  the  trade  in  the  district  or  in  excess  of  fair 
and  reasonable  hours; 

(d)  no  employee  shall  be  discriminated  against  because  of  his  race,  national  origin, 
colour  or  religion,  nor  because  the  employee  has  made  a  complaint  with  respect  to  such 
discrimination.) 

Wage  Claims  Received  and  Payments  Made  during  September 

During  September  the  sum  of  $167.95  was  collected  from  two  employers  who  had 
failed  to  pay  the  wages  required  by  the  labour  conditions  attached  to  their  contracts. 
This  amount  has  been  or  will  be  distributed  to  the  two  employees  concerned. 


Contracts  Containing  Fair  Wage  Schedules  Awarded  during  September 

(The  labour  conditions  of  the  contracts  marked  (*)  contain  the  General  Fair  Wages 
Clause  providing  for  the  observance  of  current  or  fair  and  reasonable  rates  of  wages  and 
hours  of  labour  not  in  excess  of  eight  per  day  and  44  per  week  and  also  empower  the 
Minister  of  Labour  to  deal  with  any  question  which  may  arise  with  regard  thereto.) 

of  Agriculture 

Western  Construction  Co  &  Northwest 
Construction  Co,  reinforced  concrete  spill- 
way, Coronach  project.  Travers  Altai 
C  Mamczasz,  construction  of  reinforced 
concrete  chute  inlet  structure  from  Main 
Canal  of  the  Bow  River  project  into 
reservoir;  Whelihan  Construction  Ltd,  con- 
struction of  canal  joining  the  Travers 
reservoir  to  the  Little  Bow  reservoir,  Bow 
River  project.  Near  Vauxhall  Alta: 
Nodwell  Bros  Ltd,  construction  of  drainage 
canal  on  the  Bow  River  project. 


Department 

Shepody  River  N  B:  Modern  Construc- 
tion Co  Ltd,  construction  of  dyke.  Between 
Portage  la  Prairie  &  St  Francois  Xavier 
Man:  Donald  K  Forbes,  river  dyking  work 
on  Assiniboine  River;  Pearen  Construction 
Co,  cut-offs  on  Assiniboine  River.  Near 
Lancer  Sask:  Continental  Construction  Co, 
construction  of  drainage  &  irrigation  pro- 
ject. Maple  Creek  Sask:  A  N  Duff, 
improvement  work  &  additions  to  the  rein- 
forced concrete  spillway  structure  for 
junction  reservoir.    Near  Shaunavon  Sask: 


Central  Mortgage  and  Housing  Corporation 


Greenwood  N  S:  Central  Landscaping 
Agency  of  Canada,  landscaping.  Saint 
John  N  B:  Bruce  E  Lawson,  ^closing  of 
rear  stairways;  Atlantic  Paving  Co,  *hard- 
surfacing  roadways,  Rockwood  Court. 
Montreal  P  Q:  Planned  Renovators  Co, 
^piaster  repairs;  Lewis  Conway,  *removal 
of  tanks,  Benny  Farm.  Val  d'Or  P  Q.- 
Robert Bernier,  *repairs  to  foundations. 
Ajax  Ont:  Spartan  Contracting  Co  Ltd, 
construction  of  underground  steam  ser- 
vices; Sir  Robert  McAlpine  &  Sons 
(Canada)  Ltd,  construction  of  storm  & 
sanitary  sewers,  water  mains  &  roadways. 
Dunnville  Ont:  Borgstrom  Bros  Ltd,  land- 
scaping. Hamilton  Ont:  H  H  Sutton, 
landscaping.  North  Bay  Ont:  Terminal 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  landscaping.  Oak- 
ville  Ont:  A  Cope  &  Sons  Ltd,  paving  of 


roads;  R  H  Barnsley,  landscaping.  Port 
Arthur  Ont:  William  Lamke,  *landscaping. 
Portage  la  Prairie  Man:  J  H  From,  land- 
scaping. Saskatoon  Sask:  Shoquist  Con- 
struction Ltd,  construction  of  school; 
Terminal  Construction  Co  Ltd,  landscaping. 
Swift  Current  Sask:  N  Clark,  *landscaping. 
Edmonton  Alta:  Garden  Tilling  Service, 
landscaping;  T  J  Pounder  &  Co  Ltd, 
hardsurfacing  of  roadways  &  driveways. 
Penhold  Alta:  Burns  &  Dutton  Concrete 
&  Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction  of 
school.  Chilliwack  B  C:  Columbia  Bitu- 
lithic  Ltd,  grading  &  paving  of  roads  & 
parking  areas.  Comox  B  C :  A  &  B  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  construction  of  school; 
Smith  Bros  &  Wilson  Ltd,  construction  of 
houses.  New  Westminster  B  C:  Berge  & 
Kavanagh,  interior  painting. 


Defence  Construction  (1951)  Limited 

Diamond  Construction  Construction  Co  Ltd,  clearing  &  grubbing 
Trynor  Construction  Co  Ltd,  clearing  & 
grubbing;  Terminal  Construction  Co  Ltd 
clearing  &  grubbing;  L  G  Rawding  Con- 
struction Ltd,  clearing  &  grubbing; 
Morrison  &  McRae  Ltd,  clearing  £ 
grubbing;  Comeau  &  Savoie  Construction 
Ltd,   construction  of  foundations,  drainage 


St  John's  Nfld 
Co  Ltd,  repairs  to  existing  wharf,  Seaward 
Defence  Base.  Greenwood  N  S:  Canadian 
Vickers  Ltd,  supply  &  installation  of  two 
steam  generating  units,  central  heating 
plant;  Foundation  Maritime  Ltd,  construc- 
tion of  central  heating  plant,  RCAF 
Station.    Camp  Gagetown  Ar  B:  A  F  Byers 


1662 


&  base  course  for  main  access  roads. 
Renous  N  B:  R  V  Demmings  &  Co  Ltd, 
installation  of  pumping  equipment,  RCN. 
Bagotville  P  Q:  RE  Stewart  Construction 
Corporation,  construction  of  hangar  leanto. 
Montreal  P  Q:  Charles  Duranceau  Ltd, 
grading,  paving,  fencing  &  sodding.  Tour 
a  Pica  P  Q:  Voisine  Transport  Co  Ltd, 
residual  construction  &  related  work  for 
completion  of  radio  station.  Ville  La  Salle 
P  Q:  Automatic  Sprinkler  Co  of  Canada 
Ltd,  installation  &  equipment  for  automatic 
sprinkler  system,  Naval  Supply  Depot. 
Camp  Borden  Ont:  Johnson  Bros  Co  Ltd, 
construction  of  roads,  parking  areas,  curbs, 
gutters,  drainage  &  access  roads.  Long 
Branch  Ont:  Western  Counties  Estates, 
construction  of  RCASC  garage  &  POL 
service  station.  Rockclifje  Ont:  Terminal 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  installation  of  under- 
ground steam  distribution  system  & 
dismantling  of  existing  overhead  lines; 
Canadian  Comstock  Co  Ltd,  modifications 
to  electrical  distribution  system.  Trenton 
Ont:  Terminal  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
extension  &  alterations  to   central  heating 

Building  and 
Dartmouth  N  S:  Trynor  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  repairs  to  French  cable  wharf.  Green- 
wood N  S:  Kenney  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
construction  of  addition  to  fire  hall,  RCAF 
Station.  Coverdale  N  B :  P  Sullivan  &  Sons, 
drilling  of  wells,  Naval  Radio  Station. 
Montreal  P  Q:  Charles  Duranceau  Ltd, 
resurfacing  roadway,  improving  drainage  & 
moving  curbs,  HQ  Command,  Atwater 
Avenue.  St.  Johns  P  Q:  Kelly  Lumber  & 
Construction  Ltd,  construction  of  sewer, 
RCAF  Station.    Angus  Ont:  Terminal  Con- 


plant.  Uplands  Ont:  Dominion  Structural 
Steel  Ltd,  erection  of  structural  steel  for 
hangar;  Terminal  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
installation  of  underground  steam  distribu- 
tion system.  MacDonald  Man:  Claydon 
Co  Ltd,  construction  of  clarigester,  sprin- 
kling filter,  sewage  pumphouse  &  addition 
to  sewage  disposal  plant.  Portage  la 
Prairie  Man:  Piggott  Construction 
(Alberta),  Ltd,  construction  of  pipeline  & 
pumping  station.  Winnipeg  Man:  Vulcan 
Iron  &  Engineering  Ltd,  supply  &  instal- 
lation of  steam  generating  unit,  central 
heating  plant,  RCAF  Station;  Claydon  Co 
Ltd,  construction  of  RCEME  workshop. 
Cold  Lake  Alta:  Burns  &  Dutton  Con- 
crete &  Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction 
of  barrack  blocks,  RCAF  Station.  Namao 
Alta:  Poole  Construction  Co  Ltd,  construc- 
tion of  chapels.  Vegreville  Alta:  Burns  & 
Dutton  Concrete  &  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
construction  of  armoury.  Esquimalt  B  C: 
Bennett  &  White  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
construction  of  laboratory  group,  Rocky 
Point. 

Maintenance 
struction  Co  Ltd,  installation  of  central 
heating  plant,  conversion  of  hot  air  systems 
to  low  pressure  steam  systems  in  bldgs, 
RCAF  Station.  Aylmer  Ont:  Elgin  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  replacement  of  hangar 
windows  with  steel  sash,  RCAF  Station. 
London  Ont:  John  Gaffney  Construction 
Co  Ltd,  erection  of  steelox  bldg,  RCAF 
Station.  Trenton  Ont:  Norman  A  Lock  & 
Son,  interior  painting  of  bldgs,  No  6 
Repair  Depot. 


National  Harbours  Board 

Halifax  Harbour  N  S:  Westeel  Products  struction    of   wharf   at   sections   40,   41,   42. 

Ltd,  installation   of  steel   doors   on   water-  Vancouver  Harbour  B   C:   City  Construc- 

side    of   shed    No    21.      Montreal   Harbour  tion  Co  Ltd,  paving  &  drainage  of  north 

P  Q:  Foundation  Co  of  Canada  Ltd,  recon-  end  of  Lapointe  Pier. 

Department  ot  Public  Works 


Renews  Nfld:  Diamond  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  *dredging.  Montague  P  E  I:  M  F 
Schurman  Co  Ltd,  construction '  of  public 
bldg.  Rustico  Harbour  P  E  I:  Noye  & 
Raynor,  construction  of  boat  shelter. 
Bailey's  Brook  N  S:  R  A  Douglas  Ltd, 
harbour  improvements.  Glace  Bay  N  S: 
J  P  Porter  Co  Ltd,  *dredging.  Halifax 
N  S:  Fundy  Construction  Co  Ltd.  alter- 
ations &  additions,  Customs  Annex  &  Shed 
21.  LaHave  N  S:  Acadia  Construction 
Ltd,  erection  of  public  bldg.  LaHave 
River  Channel  N  S:  J  P  Porter  Co  Ltd, 
*dredging.  Little  Tancook  N  S:  David  A 
Mason,  breakwater  extension.    Nev)  Haven 


N  S:  J  H  Stephen,  breakwater  reconstruc- 
tion. Petit  de  Grat  N  S:  Silver  &  Roberts, 
construction  of  concrete  deck  on  wharf. 
Pictou  Island  N  S:  Tidewater  Construc- 
tion Co  Ltd,  construction  of  breakwater. 
Port  Hilford  N  S:  F  W  Digdon  &  Sons 
Ltd,  breakwater  -  wharf  reconstruction. 
Asbestos  P  Q:  R  E  Stewart  Construction 
Corporation,  addition  &  alterations  to 
public  bldg.  Cap  des  R osiers  (Anse  a 
Louise)  P  Q:  Emile  Cloutier,  construction 
of  breakwater.  Dune  du  Sud  P  Q:  Marcel 
Cauvier  &  J  E  Keays,  construction  of 
breakwater.  Grande  Riviere  P  Q:  James  S 
Watt,     harbour      improvements      (training 


1663 


works  reconstruction).  Jersey  Cove  P  Q: 
Marcel  Cauvier  &  J  E  Keays,  construction 
of  breakwater.  Lacolle  (Blackpool)  P  Q: 
Omer  Brault,  paving  &  drainage.  Mata- 
pedia  P  Q:  J  Antonio  Dufour,  construction 
of  concrete  wall.  Montreal  P  Q:  Industrial 
Screw  &  Machine  Works  Ltd,  addition  & 
alterations  to  spiral  chutes,  Postal  Terminal. 
Paspebiac  P  Q:  Fortunat  Bernard,  wharf 
repairs.  Port  Daniel  West  (Marcil  Lane) 
P  Q:  George  K  Steele,  wharf  construction. 
Rimouski  P  Q:  Zenon  Ouellet,  wharf 
improvements  (shed).  Riviere  Caplan  P  Q: 
Dimock  &  McLellan,  *dredging;  Alphonse 
Lapointe  &  Alphonse  Bellavance,  jetty 
extension.  St  Joseph  de  Sorel  P  Q:  Lucien 
Lachapelle,  *dredging.  Valleyfield  (Baie  St 
Francois)  P  Q:  Theode  Robidoux,  *dredg- 
ing.  Barrie  Ont:  Emery  Engineering  & 
Contracting  Co  Ltd,  erection  of  public 
bldg.  Blind  River  Ont:  R  A  Blyth, 
wharf  reconstruction.  Bowmanville  Ont: 
McNamara  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
rubble  stone  repairs.  Christian  Island 
Ont:  A  E  Hawkin  &  Co  Ltd,  wharf 
reconstruction.  Collin's  Bay  Ont:  Edward 
P  Walsh,  wharf  construction.  Dyer's  Bay 
Ont:  John  Gaffney  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
wharf  repairs.  Hamilton  Ont:  Piggott  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  erection  of  public  bldg. 
Lake  Simcoe  Ont:  McNamara  Construction 
Co  Ltd,  *dredging.  Lion's  Head  Ont: 
Detroit  River  Construction  Ltd,  wharf 
repairs.  Nanticoke  Creek  Ont:  Detroit 
River  Construction  Ltd,  rubble  stone  shore 
protection.  Ottawa  Ont:  W  H  Yates  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  construction  of  plant 
engineering  services  &  transport  bldg  for 
National  Research  Council;  A  Lanctot 
Construction  Co,  alterations  &  improve- 
ments to  entrances,  roof,  cornice,  etc, 
Hunter  Bldg.  Pigeon  River  Ont:  Robert 
Murray,  addition  to  &  relocation  of  existing 
Custom  Bldg.    Port  Elgin  Ont:  R  A  Blyth, 


harbour  improvements.  Tillsonburg  Ont: 
Olmstead  &  Parker  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
erection  of  public  bldg.  Churchill  Man: 
Harris  Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction 
of  detachment  bldg,  RCMP.  Winkler 
Man:  Ducharme  Hamilton  Co  Ltd,  addi- 
tion &  alterations  to  federal  public  bldg. 
Winnipeg  Man:  Claydon  Co  Ltd,  excava- 
tion &  caisson  work,  Post  Office  bldg. 
Regina  Sask:  Smith  Brothers  &  Wilson 
Ltd,  construction  of  Post  Office  bldg. 
Waskesiu  Sask:  R  A  Blyth,  breakwater 
repairs.  Edmonton  Alta:  Poole  Construc- 
tion Co  Ltd,  construction  of  laundry  & 
workshops  bldg,  Charles  Camsell  Hospital; 
Christensen  &  Macdonald  Ltd,  demolition, 
excavation,  concrete  &  steel  work,  public 
bldg.  Innisfree  Alta:  James  C  Haddow, 
alterations  to  public  bldg.  Stettler  Alta: 
James  C  Haddow,  construction  of  public 
bldg.  Taber  Alta:  Southern  Alberta  Con- 
struction Ltd,  erection  of  public  bldg. 
Browning  Harbour  B  C:  Pacific  Pile 
Driving  Co  Ltd,  construction  of  trestle 
approach.  Cowichan  Bay  B  C :  Pacific  Pile 
Driving '  Co  Ltd,  wharf  reconstruction. 
Elkin's  Point,  Grantham's  Landing  & 
Wilson  Creek  B  C :  R  Bumstead,  float 
renewal  &  wharf  repairs.  Fanny  Bay  B  C : 
Harbour  Pile  Driving  Co,  construction  of 
breakwater  &  floats.  Huntingdon  B  C: 
E  H  Shockley  &  Son  Ltd,  erection  of 
Customs  &  Immigration  bldg  &  site 
development.  Red  Pass  B  C:  C  J  Oliver 
Ltd.  construction  of  RCMP  Detachment 
bldg.  Schooner  Passage  (Rivers  Inlet) 
B  C:  E  0  Johnson,  float  &  boardwalk 
repairs.  Squamish  B  C:  Greenlees  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd,  construction  of  boat 
harbour-wharf.  Steveston  B  C:  Fraser 
River  Pile  Driving  Co  Ltd.  wharf  repairs 
&  improvements  (No.  1  road).  White 
Rock  B  C:  Coast  Quarries  Ltd,  construc- 
tion of  breakwater  &  floats. 


Department  of  Resources  and  Development 

Yoho  National  Park  B  C:  Fraser  River  Pile  Driving  Co  Ltd,  construction  of  bridge 
over  Kicking  Horse  River  &  concrete  box  culverts,  Trans-Canada  Highway. 


Department 

Gander  Nfld:  North  Shore  Construction 
Co  Ltd,  construction  of  runway.  Beaver 
Island  N  S:  Atlantic  Bridge  Co  Ltd,  con- 
struction of  dwelling  &  tower.  North 
Sydney  N  S:  T  C  Gorman  (Nova  Scotia) 
Ltd,  construction  of  passenger  landing  wharf 
&  dredging  inner  east  berth.  Nitcheqxion 
P  Q:  Tower  Co  Ltd,  prefabrication  & 
erection  of  rawinsonde  tower,  etc.  Port 
Harrison  P  Q:  Tower  Co  Ltd,  prefabrica- 
tion &  erection  of  rawinsonde  tower. 
Seven  Islands  P   Q:   A   A   Geraghty,   con- 


of  Transport 

-miction  of  dwellings.  Camlachie  Ont: 
F  D  Howie  Construction  Ltd,  construction 
of  bldgs  for  Sarnia  coast  radio  station. 
Great  Ducks  Island  Ont:  N  A  McDougall. 
construction  of  dwelling.  Kcnora  Ont:  S 
Flostrand,  construction  of  garage.  Malton 
Ont :  Canadian  Comstock  Co  Ltd,  construc- 
tion of  airport  lighting  facilities.  Mount 
Hope  Ont:  Armstrong  Bros  Construction, 
construction  of  airport  lighting.  Gimli  Man: 
North  West  Electric  Co  Ltd.  construction 
(Continued  on  page  1676) 


1664 


Wages.    Hours;    and 
Working    Conditions 


Office  Employees'  Working  Conditions 
in  Canadian  Manufacturing,  1949-53 

Changes  in  office  employees'  working  conditions  over  past  four  years 
considerably  less  pronounced  than  those  of  plant  workers.  Most  pro- 
nounced trends:  5-day  week,  overtime  compensation,  3rd  vacation  week 


During  the  past  four  years,  office 
workers  have  shared  in  the  general  trend 
in  Canadian  manufacturing  towards  shorter 
working  hours,  longer  vacations,  more  paid 
statutory  holidays,  and  other  improve- 
ments in  working  conditions.  The  changes 
in  conditions  of  office  workers,  however, 
have  been  considerably  less  pronounced 
than  have   those   of  plant  employees. 

These  facts  emerge  from  a  comparison 
of  the  accompanying  table,  which  shows 
working  conditions  of  office  employees  in 
Canadian  manufacturing,  with  a  similar 
table  in  last  month's  Labour  Gazette 
(p.  1530)  dealing  with  conditions  of  plant 
employees.  The  two  tables  summarize,  on 
a  national  basis,  the  results  of  the  last  four 
working  conditions  surveys  conducted  by 
the  Economics  and  Research  Branch  of 
the  Department  of  Labour. 

The  more  gradual  change  in  the  condi- 
tions of  "white  collar"  workers  may  be 
attributed  in  part  to  the  fact  that  on 
certain  items  which  apply  similarly  to  both 
groups,  the  conditions  applying  to  office 
staffs  have  sometimes  set  the  pattern  for 
the  objectives  of  plant  workers.  The 
latter  are  now,  in  effect,  "catching  up". 


The  most  pronounced  trends  among  the 
items  studied  for  office  workers  were 
towards  a  five-day  week,  introduction  of 
overtime  compensation,  and  eligibility  for 
a  third  week's  vacation,  generally  after  15 
years'  service. 

The  trend  towards  a  five-day  week  has 
kept  pace  with  the  similar  trend  for 
factory  workers.  By  April  1953,  some 
84  per  cent  of  the  office  employees  in  the 
Canadian  manufacturing  firms  covered  by 
the  survey  were  on  a  five-day.  week, 
compared  with  68  per  cent  in  1949.  For 
plant  workers  the  increase  has  been  from 
61  per  cent  in  1949  to  79  per  cent  in  1953. 

In  comparison  with  plant  workers,  office 
employees  have  had  comparatively  little 
change  in  the  length  of  their  work  week 
during  the  period  under  review.  For  plant 
workers  there  has  been  a  strong  movement 
towards  a  40-hour  week.  Most  office  staff, 
however,  were  already  working  fewer  than 
40  hours  (63  per  cent  in  1949  and  69  per 
cent  in  1953).  The  most  common  work 
schedule  reported  for  office  staff  continues 
to  be  37^  hours,  with  about  30  per  cent 
of  the  workers  at  this  level  in  1949  as 
well    as    toda}r.     There    has    been    a    slight 


Coverage  of  Annual  Survey  of  Working  Conditions 

The     Department's     annual  .  survey     of  The     establishments     included     in     this 

working    conditions,    formerly    conducted  survey    employ    approximately    two-thirds 

in    October    and    now    in    April,    covers  of    the    total    workers    in    manufacturing, 

approximately     6,500     establishments     in  distributed  over  the  various  branches  of 

manufacturing,    most    of    which    have    15  the  industry. 

or    more    employees.      The    response    from  In    previous    years    an    analysis    of    the 

individual   firms  has  been  excellent  with  survey   results  on   a   provincial   basis  has 

the  following  numbers  of  office  employees  been   published   in   the   Labour   Gazette. 

included   in  the   establishments   reporting  In   the   preSent   article,   reporting   on  the 

during  recent  years:—  results     of     the     1953     survey,     only    the 

Employees  Canada     totals     are     shown     but     tables 

October    1949 133,000  giving     provincial     breakdowns     may     be 

October    1950 138,000  obtained    on    request    to    the    Economics 

October    1951 160,000  and     Research     Branch,     Department     of 

April     1953 183,000  Labour. 


1665 


increase    in    the    proportion    of    employees 
working  fewer  than  37^  hours. 

The  practice  of  paying  premium  rates 
for  overtime,  almost  universal  among 
factory  workers,  has  now  begun  to  be  more 
common  than  formerly  for  office  staff. 
Forty-two  per  cent  of  the  employees 
surveyed  were  in  offices  which  reported 
giving  cash  remuneration  at  straight-time 
rates  or  higher  (usually  time  and  a  half) 
in  1953  compared  with  only  23  per  cent 
in  1950.  The  relative  proportions  of  those 
eligible  for  straight-time  and  those  eligible 
for  higher  payments  remained  about  the 
same,  according  to  results  of  each  of  the 
last  three  surveys.  In  1953  an  additional 
12  per  cent  received  compensating  leave 
for  overtime  worked;  this  topic  was  not 
studied  in  earlier  surveys.  A  more  common 
practice  is  granting  a  meal  allowance, 
either  by  itself  or  in  addition  to  other 
types  of  overtime  compensation.  This 
practice,    however,    has    become    somewhat 


less  prevalent  in  the  last  three  years,  prob- 
ably as  a  result  of  the  trend  towards  more 
formal  overtime  arrangements.  A  few 
workers  receive  other  forms  of  compensa- 
tion, such   as   travel  allowances. 

Eight  or  more  paid  statutory  holidays 
were  allowed  the  office  staffs  of  establish- 
ments employing  four-fifths  of  the  clerical 
workers  in  the  manufacturing  establish- 
ments reporting.  The  most  significant 
change  over  the  three  and  one-half  years 
between  October  1949  and  April  1953  was 
in  the  larger  proportion  of  employees  to 
whom  nine  or  more  paid  holidays  were 
permitted;  in  1949  the  proportion  was  17 
per  cent  and  by  1953  it  was  23.  Only  nine 
per  cent  of  plant  workers  receive  more  than 
eight  paid  holidays. 

Almost  90  per  cent  of  office  workers 
receive  a  two-week  vacation  after  a  year's 
service.  There  has  been  little  change  in 
this  item  since  1949;  however,  there  has 
been    an    appreciable    rise    (from    two-fifths 


SUMMARY   OF   WORKING   CONDITIONS   OF   OFFICE    EMPLOYEES   IN 
CANADIAN  MANUFACTURING 


Percentage  of  Office  Employees 


April  1 , 
1953 


Standard  Weekly  Hours— 

Under  37§ 

37| 

Over    37|  and  under  40. 

40 

Over    40 


Employees  on  a  5-day  week. 


Compensation  for  Overtime  Work- 
Employees  in  establishments  reporting: 

Compensating  time  off 

Remuneration  at  straight-time  rates 

Remuneration  at  higher  than  straight-time  rates. 

Meal  allowanceO) 

Other  provisions 


Cost-of-Living  Bonus  or  Cost-of-Living  Wage  Adjust- 
ments- 
Employees  in  establishments  reporting  a  cost-of-living 
bonus  or  cost-of-living  wage  adjustment 


Paid  Statutory  Holidays- 
Employees  in  establishments  providing  paid  statutory 

holidays 

Employees  in  establishments  where  the  following  num- 
ber of  statutory  holidays  are  paid  for: 

1  to  6 


More  than  9. 


October 
1,  1951 


84-1 


118 
21  4 
21   1 

41-4 
21 


6-9 
12-2 
57-4 
161 

6-9 


% 


19-4 

20-9 

30-1 

28-5 

191 

17-3 

21-2 

20-5 

10-2 

12-S 

75-9 


140 
14-7 


34 -9(2)         31-6 


991 


9-0 
13-2 

:>7-2 
11  :•> 
7-5 


October 
1,  1950 

% 

20-3 
26-5 
150 
21-7 
16-5 

lii)-7 


October 
1.  1949 


120 
11-2 

47-9 


18-7 


98  \ 


10-6 
15-2 

53-7 

120 

6-9 


% 

16-8 
290 
17  0 
191 
18-1 

67  • :» 


•Mill 


ll't 

14-5 

52  . 

10-9 

60 


0)  Meal  allowances  are  sometimes  reported  as  given  in  addition  to  other  types  of  overtime  com- 
pensation; in  other  cases  as  the  sole  type  of  overtime  compensation. 
(2)  October  1,  1952. 


1666 


to  three-fifths)  in  the  proportion  eligible 
for  three-week  vacations  and  a  marked 
reduction  in  service  requirements,  with  15 
years  now  the  most  common  provision. 
Plant  workers  have  made  more  rapid  gains 
in  their  vacation  conditions  but  are  still 
behind  office  staff  in  some  respects,  most 
importantly  in  that  they  generally  need 
three  or  five  years'  service  before  becoming 
eligible  for  vacations  of  more  than  one 
week. 

In  October  1952,  about  35  per  cent  of 
the  office  employees  were  in  establishments 
where  a  cost-of-living  bonus  or  wage 
adjustment   provision   was   in   effect.     This 


corresponded  closely  with  the  proportion 
of  plant  workers  with  "escalator"  wage 
arrangements. 

Provision  for  sick  leave  was  granted 
almost  universally  to  office  workers  in 
manufacturing  (94  per  cent).  However, 
the  survey  did  not  ascertain  the  extent  to 
which  sick  leave  was  granted  informally 
or  on  the  basis  of  a  definite  plan.  In  the 
case  of  plant  workers,  most  of  whom  are 
paid  on  an  hourly  basis,  provision  for  sick 
leave  is  rare,  although  there  is  an  increas- 
ing trend  towards  insurance  plans  granting 
cash  compensation  for  time  lost  as  a  result 
of  sickness. 


SUMMARY   OF   WORKING   CONDITIONS    OF   OFFICE   EMPLOYEES    IN 
CANADIAN  MANUFACTURING 


Percentage  of  Office  Employees 


April  1, 
1953 


October 
1,  1951 


October 
1,  1950 


October 
1,  1949 


% 

Vacations  with  Pay- 
Employees  in  establishments  providing  at  least  one  week 

with  pay 99-7 

One  Week  With  Pay: 

After  1  year  or  less 56-1 

Service  not  specified 6-8 

Employees  in  establishments  providing  two  weeks  with' 

pay |  97-7 

After:  1  year 88-5 

2  years j  4-6 

3  years i  -7 

5  years 1-9 

Others |  2-0 

Employees  in  establishments  providing  three  weeks  with 

pay !  60-6 

After:  10  years  or  less 4-0 

15  years 32-1 

20  years 14-5 

Other 10-0 

Employees  in  establishments  providing  four  weeks  with 

pay j  4-4 

After:  25  years 3-2 

Other I  1-2 

Employees  in  establishments  providing  other  vacation 

periods !  -1 

Sick  Leave- 
Employees  in  establishments  reporting  a  provision  for 
sick  leave I       93-7 

Group  Sickness  or  Accident  Insurance  Plan- 
Employees  in  establishments  reporting  a  group  sickness 
or  accident  insurance  plan i 


Group  Life  Insurance- 
Employees     in     establishments 
insurance '. 


reporting     group     life 


Pension  Plan- 
Employees  in  establishments  reporting  a  pension  plan 


64 -3 


% 


99-7 

42-8 
3-5 

96-9 

88-2 

4-2 

•8 

1-7 

2-0 

54-6 
4-1 
23-1 
14-7 
12-7 

2-5 

21 

•4 

•1 


% 


59-2 
1-7 

94-9 

86-0 

4-9 

•6 

2-1 

1-3 


93-2 


64-7 


82- 


% 

99-5 
53-7 


96-9 

85-2 

5-1 

•3 

2-7 
3-6 

42-0 

2-9 

7-4 

10-8 

20-9 


64-1 


*  Less  than  01  per  cent. 


80153—7 


1667 


Prices  and  the  Cost  of  Living 


Consumer  Price  Index,  October  1,  1953 

Rising  for  the  fifth  successive  month,  the 
Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics'  consumer 
price  index  advanced  from  116-2  to  116-7 
between  September  1  and  October  1,  an 
increase  of  0-4  per  cent.  All  group  indexes 
except  clothing  were  higher. 

The  October  1  index  was  only  1-5  points 
below  the  all-time  peak  of  118-2,  recorded 
January  2,  1952. 

The  food  index  moved  up  1-5  points  to 
115-5  as  increases  in  lettuce,  fresh  toma- 
toes, bacon,  pork  chops,  butter,  lard,  eggs, 
shortening,  oranges,  grapefruit  and  canned 
fruits  outweighed  declines  in  beef,  lamb, 
veal,  chicken,  potatoes,  canned  tomatoes, 
cabbage,  onions  and  turnips. 

An  increase  in  the  shelter  index  from 
124-2  to  124-5  reflected  a  firmer  tone  for 
rents. 

Scattered  advances  for  coal,  electricity 
rates,  floor  coverings,  ice  and  telephone 
rates  supported  a  gain  in  the  household 
operation  index  from  117-4  to  117-5. 

The  index  for  other  commodities  and 
services-  changed  from  115-9  to  116-0  as 
increases  in  most  health  care  costs  out- 
weighed small  decreases  in  a  few  personal 
care  items. 


The  clothing  index  receded  from  110-4 
to  110-3  when  slight  decreases  were  regis- 
tered among  a  few  items  of  women's  and 
children's  wear. 

The  index  one  year  earlier  (October  1, 
1952)  was  116-0;  group  indexes  were:  food 
115-1,  shelter  121-5,  clothing  109-9,  house- 
hold operation  116-2  and  other  commodi- 
ties and  services  116-4. 

City  Cost-of-Living  Indexes,  September  1,  1953 

Cost-of-living  indexes  for  seven  of  the 
nine  regional  cities  fell  between  August  1 
and  September  1;  for  the  remaining  two 
they  advanced.  Changes  in  food  prices 
were  mainly  responsible. 

This  is  the  last  publication  of  regional 
indexes  on  the  base  August  1939  =  100. 
Beginning  next  month  they  will  be  replaced 
by  new  consumer  price  indexes  on  the 
base  1949  =  100  (see  L.G.,  Oct,  p.  1533). 

The  cost-of-living  indexes  for  regional 
centres  show  changes  in  retail  prices  and 
services  in  each  city.  They  do  not  indi- 
cate whether  it  costs  more  or  less  to  live 
in  one  city  than  in  another. 

Between  August  1  and  September  1, 
prices  for  fresh  vegetables  and  lamb  were 
substantially  lower  in  all  centre.-.    Advances 


YSee  Tables  F-l  to  F-6  at  end  of  book. 


CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX  FROM  JANUARY  1949 


Indei  \W-  ICO 


food    y^ 

SHELTER 

...'" 

TOTAL 

/           ^Jf                   HtlllSFHIll 

)  OPERATION 

TV       ^N 

*K^Z* 

bgfl^jfie^w 

/"Pi 

j  Up 

*          s& 

/ 

i 

OTHER  COMMODITY 

/  — 

CLOTHING 
1  AND  SERVICES 

\ 

! 

1 

! 

1668 


were  general  for  eggs,  lard  and  coffee,  while 
beef  and  pork  price  changes  were  mixed. 
Higher  bread  prices  were  reported  in 
St.  John's. 

Rents  were  unchanged  in  five  cities, 
higher  in  the  remaining  four.  Fuel  and 
light  indexes  were  firmer  in  St.  John's  and 
Winnipeg,  reflecting  advances  in  coal  prices, 
and  in  Montreal  as  a  result  of  higher  coke 
prices. 

In  the  clothing  group,  higher  prices  for 
men's  outerwear  and  footwear  and  lower 
prices  for  nylon  hosiery  and  rayon  slips 
were  the  principal  changes  recorded. 
Clothing  indexes  moved  up  narrowly  in 
five  cities  and  remained  unchanged  in  four. 

Changes  in  home  furnishings  and  services 
were  mixed  and  affected  a  wide  range  of 
items.  As  a  result,  indexes  were  lower  in 
four  cities,  higher  in  three  and  unchanged 
in  the  remaining  two. 

The  miscellaneous  items  series  advanced 
in  seven  cities,  Saint  John  and  Toronto 
showing  no  over-all  change.  Magazine 
subscription  rates  increased  in  all  nine 
centres,  while  gasoline  prices  were  higher 
in  Montreal  and  lower  in  Toronto. 

Composite  city  cost-of-living  index  point 
changes  between  August  1  and  September  1 
were  as  follows:  Saint  John  —0-9  to  182-9, 
Montreal  —0-8  to  191-0,  Halifax  -0-6  to 
175-0,  Saskatoon  —0-6  to  184-9,  Winnipeg 
-0-5  to  178-1,  Edmonton  —0-2  to  179-6, 
St.  John's  —0-1  to  102-8,*  Toronto  +0-2 
to  183-9  and  Vancouver  +0-2  to  188-2. 

Wholesale  Prices,  September  1953 

Following  the  indecisive  pattern  estab- 
lished over  the  past  12  months,  wholesale 
prices  in  September  almost  cancelled  the 
increase  of  the  previous  month;  the  Bureau 
of  Statistics'  composite  index  dropped  from 
222-4  in  August  to  221-5  in  September. 

Decreases  were  concentrated  mainly  in 
vegetable  and  animal  products,  although 
losses  were  noted  in  non-ferrous  metals, 
wood,  wood  products  and  paper,  and 
chemicals  and  allied  products. 

A  drop  in  vegetable  products  from  201-7 
to  199-5  reflected  weakness  in  most  grains, 
potatoes,  sugar,  coffee  and  cocoa  beans, 
rice  and  onions;  this  weakness  over- 
balanced strength  in  fresh  fruits,  canned 
fruits  and  livestock  and  poultry  feeds. 


'On  base  June  1951  =  100. 


Declines  in  livestock  prices,  notably 
lambs,  steers  and  hogs,  and  fresh  meats 
outweighed  strength  in  cured  meats,  butter, 
lard,  tallow,  eggs,  hides  and  skins,  and 
fishery  products  to  lower  the  animal 
products  index  from  247-8  to  245-6. 

In  the  non-ferrous  metals  group,  decreases 
in  copper,  lead,  zinc,  gold,  solder  and  silver 
were  sufficient  to  outweigh  higher  tin 
quotations  and  lower  the  composite  index 
from    168-2   to    167-1. 

Lower  prices  for  eastern  spruce  and 
hemlock,  western  fir  and  cedar,  and  wood- 
pulp  were  responsible  for  a  change  in  the 
wood,  wood  products  and  paper  group  from 
288-4  to  287-6.  Lower  prices  for  soap  and 
zinc  oxide  moved  the  index  for  chemicals 
and  allied  products  down  from  176-0  to 
175-3. 

Among  group  increases,  iron  and  its 
products  advanced  from  220-6  to  221-9  as 
prices  for  wire  and  wire  nails  moved  up. 
Fibres,  textiles  and  textile  products 
advanced  from  240-3  to  240-4  with  increases 
in  worsted  yarns  overbalancing  losses  in 
cotton  fabrics,  imported  and  domestic  raw 
wool,  and  cotton  yarns.  An  increase  in 
non-metallic  minerals  from  178-9  to  179-0 
was  supported  by  higher  quotations  for 
crude  oil  and  imported  United  States  coal. 

Canadian  farm  product  prices  at  terminal 
markets  continued  to  weaken  in  September; 
the  composite  index  receded  to  208-9  from 
213-6.  Percentagewise,  animal  products 
registered  a  slightly  greater  decrease  than 
field  products,  declining  from  269-9  to  263-7 
as  sharp  recessions  occurred  for  livestock 
and  raw  wool,  overbalancing  increases  in 
eggs,  butterfat  and  milk  for  cheese  manu- 
facture. Field  products  declined  from  157-2 
to  154-0  as  potatoes  moved  down  to  offset 
a  slight  gain  in  corn  and  wheat. 

Residential  building  materials  were  lower 
in  September.  The  composite  index 
dropped  from  283-6  to  281-1.  Easier  prices 
were  noted  for  certain  lumber  descriptions 
and  for  a  few  plumbing  and  heating- 
fixtures.  Among  commodity  advances  were 
those  for  shellac  and  wire  nails. 

The  non-residential  building  materials 
index,  on  the  base  1949=100,  moved  down 
from  124-5  to  123-8  between  August  and 
September.  Price  decreases  were  noted  for 
lumber  and  plumbing  and  heating  items, 
wrhile  advances  were  recorded  for  wire  nails, 
shellac  and  concrete  mix. 


80153- 


1669 


Strikes  and  Lockouts 


Canada,  September  1953* 

A  greater  number  of  workers  was 
involved  in  industrial  disputes  resulting  in 
work  stoppages  in  September  than  in  any 
month  in  1953.  The  time  loss  was  also 
the  highest  of  the  year.  However,  the 
idleness  in  the  first  nine  months  of  1953 
has  been  consistently  below  the  loss  in  the 
same  period  in  1952. 

Work  stoppages  in  the  gold  mining 
industry  in  Northern  Ontario  and  Quebec 
were  responsible  for  almost  65  per  cent  of 
the  total  idleness  in  September  1953. 
Other  disputes  of  importance  were :  milk 
salesmen  and  dairy  workers  at  Toronto, 
Ont.;  unlicensed  personnel  on  deep-sea 
Canadian  ships;  steel  mill  workers  at 
Winnipeg,  Man.;  paper  mill  workers  at 
Beauharnois  and  Crabtree  Mills,  Que.;  and 
saw  and  lumber  mill  workers  in  northern 
interior  British   Columbia. 

Wages  and  related  questions  were  the 
central  issues  in  29  of  the  37  stoppages 
in  September  1953,  causing  nearly  all  the 
idleness.  Of  the  other  disputes,  two  arose 
over  union  questions;  three  over  suspen- 
sions or  lay-offs;  two  over  questions 
affecting  working  conditions;  and  one  was 
an  inter-union  dispute. 

Preliminary  figures  for  September  1953 
show  37  strikes  and  lockouts  in  existence, 
involving  16,445  workers  and  with  a  time 
loss  of  126,131  man-days,  compared  with 
17  strikes  and  lockouts  in  August  1953. 
with  8,598  workers  involved  and  a  loss  of 
92,760  days.  In  September  1952  there  were 
39  strikes  and  lockouts,  15,144  workers 
involved  and   a   loss   of  201,870   davs. 


For  the  first  nine  months  of  1953 
preliminary  figures  show  131  strikes  and 
lockouts,  involving  41,463  workers,  with  a 
loss  of  502,815  days.  In  the  same  period 
in  1952  there  were  186  strikes  and  lock- 
outs, with  111,030  workers  involved  and  a 
loss  of  2,621,661  days. 

Based  on  the  number  of  non-agricultural 
wage  and  salary  workers  in  Canada,  the 
time  lost  in  September  1953  was  0-15  per 
cent  of  the  estimated  working  time;  in 
August  1953,  0-11  per  cent;  in  September 
1952,  0-24  per  cent;  in  the  first  nine 
months  of  1953,  0-07  per  cent;  and  in 
the  first  nine  months  of  1952,  0-35  per  cent. 

Of  the  37  stoppages  in  September  1953, 
one  was  settled  in  favour  of  the  workers; 
three  in  favour  of  the  employers;  five 
were  compromise  settlements;  and  five 
were  indefinite  in  result,  work  being 
resumed  pending  final  settlement.  At  the 
end  of  the  month  23  stoppages  were 
recorded  as  unterminated. 

(The  record  does  not  include  minor  strikes 
such  as  are  defined  in  another  paragraph 
nor  does  it  include  strikes  and  lockouts 
about  which  information  has  been  received 
indicating  that  employment  conditions  are 
no  longer  affected  but  which  the  unions 
concerned  have  not  declared  terminated. 
Strikes  and  lockouts  of  this  nature  still  in 
progress  are:  compositors,  etc.,  at  Winnipeg, 
Man.,  which  began  on  November  8,  1945. 
and  at  Ottawa  and  Hamilton,  Ont.,  and 
Edmonton,  Alta.,  on  May  30,  1946;  wait- 
resses at  Timmins,  Ont..  on  May  23.  1952: 
jewellery  workers  at  Vancouver,  B.C.,  on 
December  8,  1952:  and  garage  workers  at 
Saint  John,  N.B.,  on  February  9,   1953.) 


Great  Britain  and  Other  Countries 


(The  latest  available  information  as  to 
strikes  and  lockouts  in  various  countries  is 
given  in  the  Labour  Gazette  from  month 
to  month.  Statistics  given  in  the  annual 
review  and  in  this  article  are  taken  from 
the  government  publications  of  the  coun- 
tries concerned  or  from  the  International 
Labour  Office  Year  Book  of  Labour 
Statistics.) 

Great  Britain  and  Northern  Ireland 

The  British  Ministry  of  Labour  Gazette 
publishes  statistics  dealing  with  disputes 
resulting  in  stoppages  of  work  and  gives 
some   details  of  the   more   important   ones. 

The  number  of  work  stoppages  begin- 
ning   in    July    1953    was    80    and    17    were 

*See  Tables  G-l   and  G-2  at  end  of  book. 


still  in  progress  from  the  previous  month, 
making  a  total  of  97  during  the  month. 
In  all  stoppages  of  work  in  progress. 
15,100  workers  were  involved  and  a  time 
loss   of  32,000  working   days   caused. 

Of  the  80  disputes  leading  to  stoppages 
of  work  that  began  in  July,  five,  directly 
involving  600  workers,  arose  over  demands 
for  advances  in  wages,  and  35,  directly 
involving  4,800  workers,  over  other  wage 
questions;  one,  directly  involving  200 
workers,  over  questions  as  to  working 
hours;  nine,  directly  involving  2.200 
workers,  over  questions  respecting  the 
employment  of  particular  classes  or 
persons;  29.  directly  involving  3.800 
workers,    over    other    questions    respecting 


1670 


working  arrangements;  and  one,  directly 
involving  100  workers,  over  questions  of 
trade  union  principle. 

United  States 

Preliminary  figures  for  August  1953  show 
450  work  stoppages  resulting  from  labour- 


management  disputes  beginning  in  the 
month  in  which  230,000  workers  were  in- 
volved. The  time  loss  for  all  work 
stoppages  in  progress  during  the  month 
was  2,800,000  days.  Corresponding  figures 
for  July  1953  are  475  stoppages,  260,000 
workers  and   a   loss   of  3,000,000   days. 


Publications  Recently  Received 

in  Department  of  Labour  Library 


The  publications  listed  below  are  not 
for  sale  by  the  Department  of  Labour. 
Persons  wishing  to  purchase  them  should 
communicate  with  the  publishers.  Publica- 
tions listed  may  be  borrowed,  free  of 
charge,  by  making  application  to  the 
Librarian,  Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa. 
Students  must  apply  through  the  library 
of  their  institution.  Applications  for  loans 
should  give  the  number  (numeral)  of  the 
publication  desired  and  the  month  in  which 
it  was  listed  in  the  Labour  Gazette. 

List  No.  63. 

Accident  Prevention 

1.  Great  Britain.  Joint  Standing  Com- 
mittee   on    Safety    in    the    Use    of    Power 

Presses.  Report  of  Proceedings  of  First 
and  Second  Meetings.  London,  H.M.S.O., 
1950-1953.  2  Pamphlets.  First  meeting 
was  held  in  1950,  second  in   1953. 

2.  Illinois.  Department  of  Labor. 
Division      of      Statistics      and      Research. 

Work  Injury  Frequency  Rates,  1951-1952. 
Chicago,  1953.    Pp.  16. 

3.  International   Labour   Office.     Safety 

in  Coal  Mines.     Geneva,  1953.     1  Volume. 

4.  U.S.     Bureau     of     Labor     Statistics. 

Butch  blows  a  Fuse.  Washington,  G.P.O., 
1953.  Pp.  12.  This  pamphlet  tells  how  to 
avoid  electrical  accidents. 

Biographies 

5.  Buchanan,  Joseph  Ray.  The  Story 
of  a  Labor  Agitator.  New  York,  Outlook 
Company,  1903.  Pp.  461.  The  author, 
editor  of  the  Chicago  Labor  Enquirer,  a 
labor  newspaper,  was  active  in  the  Knights 
of  Labor. 

6.  Danish,  Max  D.  William  Green,  a 
Pictorial  Biography.  New  York,  Inter- 
Allied  Publications,  1952.     Pp.  190. 


7.  Eastwood,  G.  G.  George  Isaacs. 
Printer,  Trade-Union  Leader,  Cabinet 
Minister.  With  a  foreword  by  C.  R. 
Attlee.  London,  Odhams  Press,  1952. 
Pp.  223. 

8.  Martin      Kingsley.        Harold      Laski, 

1893-1950,  a  Biographical  Memoir.  New 
York,  Viking  Press,  1953.    Pp.  278. 

9.  United    Mine    Workers    of    America. 

John  L.  Lewis  and  the  International  Union, 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America;  the 
Story  from  1917  to  1952.  Washington? 
1952.    Pp.  255. 

10.  U.S.  Women's  Bureau.  Women 
Members  of  the  83rd  Congress.  Washing- 
ton, 1953.    Pp.  13. 

Civil  Service 

11.  Appleby,  Paul  Henson.  Some 
Aspects  of  Personnel  and  Public  Admin- 
istration. Ottawa,  Civil  Service  Commis- 
sion, 1953.    Pp.  14. 

12.  Great   Britain.      Treasury.     Political 

Activities  of  Civil  Servants.  London, 
H.M.S.O.,  1953.    Pp.  16. 

Disabled-Rehabilitation 

13.  American  Federation  of  the  Physi- 
cally Handicapped.  Proceedings  of  the 
First  and  Second  National  Conferences  on 
Placement  of  Severely  Handicapped. 
Washington,  1952-1953.  2  Volumes.  First 
conference  held  March  1952,  Second  held 
September  1952. 

14.  U.S.  Office  of  Education.  Helping 
the  Handicapped:  an  Investment  in  the 
Nation's  Future  Manpower,  by  Romaine 
P.  Mackie.  Washington,  G.P.O.,  1951. 
Pp.  2. 


1671 


Economic   Conditions 

15.  Colm,  Gerhard.  The  American 
Economy  in  1960;  Economic  Progress  in  a 
World  of  Tension,  by  Gerhard  Colm,  with 
the  assistance  of  Marilyn  Young.  A 
National  Planning  Association  staff  report. 
Washington,  National  Planning  Associa- 
tion, 1952.    Pp.  166. 

16.  United  Nations.  Economic  and 
Social  Council.  Economic  Commission 
for  Asia  and  The  Far  East.  Annual 
Report,  9  February  1952-14  February  1953. 
New  York,  1953.    Pp.  40. 

17.  United  Nations.  Economic  and 
Social  Council.  Economic  Commission 
for  Europe.  Annual  Report,  19  March 
1952-18  March  1953.  New  York,  1953. 
Pp.  37. 

18.  United  Nations.  Economic  and 
Social  Council.  Economic  Commission 
for  Europe.  Economic  Survey  of  Europe 
since  the  War;  a  Reappraisal  of  Problems 
and  Prospects.     Geneva,  1953.     Pp.  385. 

19.  United  Nations.  Secretariat. 
Department  of  Economic  Affairs.  World 
Economic  Report,  1951/52.  New  York, 
1953.    Pp.  141. 

Employment   Management 

20.  American   Management   Association. 

Planning  '  for  Worker  Security  and 
Stability;  with  a  Case  Study  in  Employee 
Economic  Education.  New  York,  1953. 
Pp.  40. 

21.  Bureau  of  National  Affairs,  Wash- 
ington, D.C.  How  to  get  Teamwork. 
Washington,  1953.     Pp.  12. 

22.  California  Personnel  Management 
Association  Research  Division.  Lincoln 
Incentive  Management.  A  stenographic 
brief  of  an  address  given  before  the 
California  Personnel  Management  Associa- 
tion and  the  Personnel  Section  of  the 
Western  Management  Association  by 
James  F.  Lincoln,  President,  Lincoln  Elec- 
tric Company.     Berkeley,  1952.     Pp.  16. 

23.  New  York  Personnel  Management 
Association.  Personnel  Practices  for 
Clerical  and  Administrative  Employees  in 
the  Metropolitan  New  York  Area.  Based 
on  a  1952  survey  of  161  companies  cover- 
ing 136,087  employees.  New  York,  1952. 
1  Volume. 

24.  Perry,  John.  Human  Relations  in 
Small  Industry.  Washington,  Small  Defense 
Plants  Administration,  1953.    Pp.  68. 

Factories 

25.  Australia.  Department  of  Labour 
and  National  Service.  Industrial  Wel- 
fare Division.  Color  in  Factory  and  Office. 
Sydney?      1953?     Pp.   31. 


26.  Illuminating     Engineering     Society. 

Industrial  Lighting.  A  reprint  of  American 
standard  practice  for  industrial  lighting, 
approved  August  22,  1952.  Washington, 
Bureau  of  Labor  Standards,  1953.     Pp.  40. 

Industrial  Relations 

27.  American   Management   Association. 

The  New  Climate  of  Union-Management 
Relations ;  including  a  Forecast  of  General 
Trends  under  New  Government  and  Union 
Leadership.     New  York,   1953.     Pp.  32. 

28.  Koepge,  Carlton.  The  Road  to 
Industrial  Peace;  a  Ten  Year  Study. 
Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953.  Pp.  31.  "This 
document  proposes  that  Congress  shall 
establish  by  statute  a  permanent  bipartisan 
fact-finding  organization  ...  as  technical 
consultants  for  Congress  on  long-range 
economic  and  social  problems." 

Industry 

29.  Axe     (E.W.)     and     Company,     Inc. 

Chemicals — the  Fastest  Growing  Major 
Industry;  its  Unique  Position  and  Pros- 
pects.   New  York,  1953.    Pp.  66. 

30.  United  Nations.  Economic  and 
Social  Council.  Economic  Commission 
for  Europe.  European  Steel  Exports 
and  Steel  Demand  in  Non-European  Coun- 
tries. Prepared  by  the  Industry  Division 
.  .  .  Geneva,  1953.    Pp.  242,  14. 

International  Agencies 

31.  International    Labour    Organization. 

Seventh  Report  of  the  International  Labour 
Organization  to  the  United  Nations. 
Geneva,  1953.    Pp.  444. 

32.  Organization  for  European 
Economic  Co-operation.  The  Organiza- 
tion for  European  Economic  Co-operation. 
History  and  Structure.  -Paris,  1953.    Pp.  46. 

Labour  Bureaus 

33.  Great  Britain.  Ministry  of  Labour 
and  National  Service.  Annual  Report  for 
1952.     London,  H.M.S.O.,  1953.     Pp.  164. 

34.  U.S.  Department  of  Labor.  Fortieth 
Annual  Report  .  .  .  Fiscal  Year,  1952. 
Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953.     Pp.  109. 

Labour  Laws  and  Legislation 

35.  National  Conference  on  Labor  Leg- 
islation. Resume  of  the  Proceedings  of 
the  19th  Conference  on  Labor  Legislation, 
December  2  and  3,  1952.  Washington, 
Bureau  of  Labor  Standards,  1953.     Pp.  36. 

36.  U.S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee 
on  Labor  and  Public  Welfare.  Taft- 
Hartley  Act  Revisions.  Hearings  before 
the  Committee  on  Labor  and  Public 
Welfare,  United  States  Senate,  Eighty- 
third    Congress,    first    session,    on    proposed 


1672 


revisions  of  the  Labor-Management  Rela- 
tions Act  of  1947.  Washington,  G.P.O., 
1953.  4  Volumes.  Hearings  held  from 
March  24  to  April  30,   1953. 

37.  U.S.  Department  of  Labor.  Wage 
and  Hour  and  Public  Contracts  Division. 
General  Regulations  under  the  Walsh- 
Healey  Public  Contracts  Act.  Title  41, 
Chapter  II,  Code  of  Federal  regulations, 
Part  201.    Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953.    Pp.  6. 

Labour  Organization 

38.  Bombay     (Province)      Registrar     of 

Trade  Unions.  Annual  Report  on  the 
Working  of  the  Indian  Trade  Unions  Act, 
1926,  for  the  State  of  Bombay,  1951-52. 
Bombay,  Government  Central  Press,  1953. 
Pp.  127. 

39.  Canadian  Congress  of  Labour. 
Proceedings  of  Twelfth  Annual  Convention, 
Toronto,   September  22-26,   1952.     Ottawa, 

1952.  Pp.  93,  88. 

40.  Sayles,  Leonard  R.  The  Local 
Union,  its  Place  in  the  Industrial  Plant,  by 
Leonard  R.  Sayles,  and  George  Strauss. 
1st  ed.,  New  York,  Harper  1953.    Pp.  269. 

41.  Yellowknife  District  Miners'  Union. 
What  is  Unionism?  Yellowknife,  N.W.T., 
1953?    Pp.  6. 

Labouring  Classes 

42.  Canada.  Treaties,  Etc.,  1951.  Inter- 
national Labour  Organization  Convention 
(No.  88)  concerning  the  Organization  of 
the  Employment  Service  adopted  by  the 
General  Conference  of  I.L.O.  at  its  Thirty- 
first  session,  San  Francisco,  July  9,  1948: 
Instrument  of  Ratification  of  Canada  regis- 
tered with  the  Director  General  of  I.L.O. 
August  24,  1950.  In  force  for  Canada 
August  24,  1951.     Ottawa,  Queen's  Printer, 

1953.  Pp.  13. 

43.  Hug,  W.  The  Worker's  Right  to 
unite.  Utrecht,  International  Federation  of 
Workmen's  Evangelical  Association,  1953? 
Pp.  16. 

44.  International  Labour  Conference, 
35th,  Geneva,  1952.  Record  of  Proceed- 
ings. Geneva,  International  Labour  Office, 
1953.    Pp.  677. 

45.  Inter-University  Labor  Education 
Committee.  World  Affairs  Workbook: 
What  Your  Union  can  do.  Chicago,  cl952. 
Pp.  69. 

46.  National  Association  of  Manufac- 
turers of  the  United  States  of  America. 
Industrial  Relations  Division.  Employ- 
ment Stabilization;  Industry's  Progress 
toward  Steady  Work  and  Steady  Pay. 
New  York,  1952.    Pp.  40. 

47.  United  Nations  Secretariat.  Depart- 
ment of  Social  Affairs.  Handbook  of 
International    Measures    for   Protection    of 


Migrants  and  General  Conditions  to  be 
observed  in  Their  Settlement.  New  York, 
1953.    Pp.  278. 

National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago,  1952 

48.  National   Safety   Congress,    Chicago, 

1952.  General  sessions,  40th  National 
Safety  Congress  (Index  to  Transactions  of 
All  Sessions),  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1953.    Pp.  68. 

49.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the 
Cement  and  Quarry  Industries,  as  pre- 
sented in  Sessions  of  the  Cement  and 
Quarry  Section  at  the  40th  National  Safety 
Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety  Coun- 
cil, 1953.    Pp.  24. 

50.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the 
Chemical  Industries,  as  presented  in 
Sessions  of  the  Chemical  Section  at  the 
40th  National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago, 
National  Safety  Council,  1953.     Pp.  48. 

51.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Coal 
Mining  Industry,  as  presented  in  Sessions 
of  the  Coal  Mining  Section  at  the  40th 
National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago, 
National  Safety  Council,  1953.    Pp.  56. 

52.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safely  Topics  in  the  Con- 
struction Industry,  as  presented  in  Sessions 
of  the  Construction  Section  at  the  40th 
National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago, 
National  Council,  1953.     Pp.  40. 

53.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Elec- 
trical Equipment  Industry,  as  presented  in 
Sessions  of  the  Electrical  Equipment  Sec- 
tion at  the  40th  National  Safety  Congress. 
Chicago,  National  Safety  Council,  1953. 
Pp.  12. 

54.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Topics  in  Farm  Safety,  as 
presented  in  Sessions  of  the  Farm  Confer- 
ence at  the  40th  National  Safety  Congress. 
Chicago,  National  Safety  Council,  1953. 
Pp.  36. 

55.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Food 
Industry,  as  presented  in  Sessions  of  the 
Food  Section  at  the  40th  National  Safety 
Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety  Coun- 
cil, 1953.    Pp.  12. 

56.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Glass 
and  Ceramics  Industry,  as  presented  in 
Sessions  of  the  Glass  and  Ceramics  Section 
at  the  40th  National  Safety  Congress. 
Chicago,  National  Safety  Council,  1953. 
Pp.  20. 


1673 


57.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Topics  in  Home  Safety, 
as  presented  in  Sessions  of  the  Home  Safety 
Conference  at  the  40th  National  Safely 
Congress,  Chicago,  National  Safety  Coun- 
cil. 1953.     Pp.  40. 

58.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  Indus- 
trial Nursing,  as  presented  in  Sessions  of 
the  Industrial  Nursing  Section  at  the  Ifith 
National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago, 
National  Safety  Council,  1953.    Pp.  28. 

59.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Mari- 
time Industries,  as  presented  in  Sessions  of 
the  Marine  Section  at  the  40th  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1953.    Pp.  52. 

60.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Meat 
Packing,  Tanning  and  Leather  Industries, 
as  presented  in  Sessions  of  the  Meat  Pack- 
ing, Tanning  and  Leather  Products  Section 
at  the  40th  National  Safety  Congress. 
Chicago,  National  Safety  Council,  1953. 
Pp.  12. 

61.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Metal 
Industry,  as  presented  in  Sessions  of  the 
Metals  Section  at  the  40th  National  Safety 
Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety  Coun- 
cil, 1953.    Pp.  52. 

62.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Motor 
Transportation  Industry,  as  presented  in 
Sessions  of  the  Commercial  Vehicle  Section 
at  the  40th  National  Safety  Congress. 
Chicago,  National  Safety  Council,  1953. 
Pp.  40. 

63.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the 
Petroleum  Industry,  as  presented  in  Sessions 
of  the  Petroleum  Section  at  the  40th 
National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago, 
National  Safety  Council,  1953.    Pp.  52. 

64.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  Power 
Press  and  Forging  Operations,  as  presented 
in  Sessions  of  the  Power  Press  Section  at 
the  40th  National  Safety  Congress. 
Chicago,  National  Safety  Council,  1953. 
Pp.  24. 

65.  National    Safety    Congress,    Chicago, 

1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Print- 
ing and  Publishing  Section  40th  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1953.    Pp.  28. 

66.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  Public 
Employment,  as  presented  in  Sessions  of 
the  Public  Employee  Section  at    the  40th 


National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago. 
National  Safety  Council,  1953.    Pp.  20. 

67.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Public 
Utilities  Industries,  as  presented  in  Sessions 
of  the  Public  Utilities  Section  at  the  40th 
National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago, 
National  Safety  Council,  1953.    Pp.  12. 

68.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Pulp 
and  Paper  Industry,  as  presented  in 
Sessions  of  the  Pulp  and  Paper  Section  at 
the  40th  National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago, 
National  Safety  Council,  1953.    Pp.  28. 

69.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Rail- 
road Industry,  as  presented  in  Sessions  of 
the  Railroad  Section  at  the  40th  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1953.    Pp.  40. 

70.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the 
Rubber  Industry,  as  presented  in  Sessions 
of  the  Rubber  Section  of  40th  National 
Safety  Council.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1953.    Pp.  16. 

71.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Topics  in  School  and 
College  Safety,  as  presented  in  School  and 
College     Sessions     at     the     40th     National 

ty  Congress.    Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,   1953.     Pp.  96. 

72.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Tex- 
tile Industry,  as  presented  in  Sessions  of 
the  Textile  Section  at  the  40th  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago.  National  Safety 
Council,  1953.    Pp.  12. 

73.  National    Safety    Congress,    Chicago, 

1952.  Current  Topics  in  Traffic  Safety, 
as  presented  in  Sessions  of  the  Traffic 
Section  at  the  40th  National  Safety  Con- 
gress.     Chicago,    National   Safety    Council. 

1953.  Pp.  76. 

74.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago. 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the 
Transit  Industry,  as  presented  in  Sessions 
of  the  Transit  Section  at  the  40th  National 
Safety  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1953.    Pp.  32. 

75.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Current  Safety  Topics  in  the  Wood 
Products  Industries,  as  presented  in 
Sessions  of  the  Wood  Products  Section  at 
the  40th  National  Safety  Congress.  Chicago, 
National  Safety  Council.  1953.     Pp.  36. 

76.  National  Safety  Congress,  Chicago, 
1952.  Safety  and  its  Relationship  to 
Personality,  as  presented  in  the  Early 
Morning  Sessions  of  the  40th  National 
Saf<  ty  Congress.  Chicago,  National  Safety 
Council,  1953.     Pp.  24. 


674 


Occupations 

77.  Great       Britain.  Central       Yonth 

Employment  Executive.  Furniture  Manu- 
facture.    London,  H.M.S.O.,  1953.     Pp.  32. 

78.  Great       Britain.  Central       Youth 

Employment  Executive.  Printing;  Com- 
posing Boom  Crafts.  London,  H.M.S.O., 
1953.    Pp.  24. 

79.  Great  Britain.  Central  Youth 
Employment  Executive.  Printing ; 
Machine  Room  Workers.  London, 
H.M.S.O.,  1953.     Pp.  24. 

80.  Ontario  Industrial  Education 
Council.  Apprentice  training  . .  .  A  recom- 
mended course  of  shop  and  related  school 
instruction.  Toronto.  3  Pamphlets.  Con- 
tents.— Industrial  maintenance  electrician. 
— Machinists. — Tool  and  die  maker. 

81.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Employment 
Security.  Job  Guide  for  Young  Workers 
1953  edition.  Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953. 
Pp.  31. 

82.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Employment  Outlook  for  Technicians;  a 
Report  on  Draftsmen,  Engineering  Aids, 
Laboratory  Technicians,  and  Electronic 
Technicians.  Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953. 
Pp.  29. 

Pensions 

83.  Goldner,  William.  Area  Pension  Plans 
under  Colli  ctive-Bar gaining.  Berkele3r, 
1953.    Pp.  825-834. 

84.  New  York  (State)  Department  of 
Labor.  Division  of  Research  and  Sta- 
tistics. Recent  Pension  Plans:  Collectively 
Bargained  Programs  established  in  New 
York  State  between  July  1951  and  January 
1953.    New  York,  1953.    Pp.  60. 

85.  Tuckman,  Jacob.  Retirement  and 
l  lie  Industrial  Worker:  Prospect  and 
Reality,  by  Jacob  Tuckman  and  Irving 
Lorge.  New  York,  Bureau  of  Publications, 
Teachers  College,  Columbia  University, 
1953.    Pp.  105. 

Population 

86.  United  Nations.  Economic  and 
Social  Council.  Population  Commis- 
sion. Report  of  the  Seventh  Session, 
19-30  January  1053.  New  York,  1953. 
Pp.  16. 

87.  United  Nations.  Secretariat,  Sta- 
tistical Office.  Population  and  Vital 
Statistics  Reports.  April  1953.  New  York, 
1953.    Pp.  31. 

Productivity   of   Labour 

88.  British    Productivity    Council.      The 

British  Pressed  Metal  Industry.  Report  of 
a    Productivity    Team     from     the    United 


States  of  America  which  visited  the 
United  Kingdom  in  1951.  London,  1953. 
Pp.  36. 

89.  California  Personnel  Management 
Association.  Research  Division.  Morale 
and  Productivity,  a  Case-Study  in  Manage- 
ment Viewpoints.  A  stenographic  brief  of 
an  address  given  before  the  California 
Personnel  Management  Association  and 
the  Personnel  Section  of  the  Western 
Management  Association,  by  Dick  Carlson. 
Pp.  15. 

90.  Norway.  Ministry  of  Industry. 
Productivity  in  American  Industry;  Wage 
Systems — Co-operation.  Report  from  the 
Study  Team  of  the  Ministry  of  Industry. 
Oslo,  1952.     Pp.  144. 

91.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Agricultural 
Economics.  Crop  Production  Practices: 
Labor,  Power,  and  Materials,  by  Operation, 
Appalachian,  Southeast,  and  Mississippi 
Delta.     Washington,  1953.    Pp.  193. 

Restraint   of   Trade 

92.  Canada.  Restrictive  Trade  Prac- 
tices Commission.  Report  concerning 
Alleged  Instances  of  Resale  Price  Mainte- 
nance of  Soap  Products  in  the  Montreal 
District.  Ottawa,  Dept.  of  Justice,  1953. 
Pp.  28. 

93.  United  Nations.  Economic  and 
Soc'al  Council.  Ad  Hoc  Committee  on 
Restrictive  Business  Practices.  Restric- 
tive Business  Practices.  Analysis  of  Gov- 
ernmental  Measures  relating  to  Restrictive 
Business  Practices.  New  York,  1953. 
Pp.  68. 

Wages   and   Hours 

94.  Jackson,  Gilbert  Edward.  Wage 
Rates  and  the.  Growth  of  Output  per  Man 
Hours;  More  thoughts  in  a  Time  of 
Transition.     Toronto,  1953.     Pp.  24. 

95.  Michigan.  University.  Bureau  of 
Industrial  Relations.  Sources  of  Wage 
Data,  in  Michigan,  by  Leonard  A.  Keller. 
Ann  Arbor,  1951.     Pp.  19. 

96.  National  Industrial  Conference 
Board.  Clerical  Salary  Survey.  New  York. 
1953.     Pp.  40. 

97.  New  Zealand.  Census  and  Sta- 
tistics Department.  Report  o?i  Prices, 
Wages,  and  Labour  Statistics  of  New 
Zealand  for  the  Years  1949-50  and  1950-51. 
Wellington,  Government  Printer,  1953. 
Pp.  83. 

98.  U.S.     Bureau    of    Labor     Statistics. 

Union  Wages  and  Hours:  Printing  Indus- 
try, July  1,  1952.  Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953. 
Pp.  35. 

99.  U.S.     Bureau     of     Labor     Statistics. 

Wage    Differentials    and    Rate    Structures 


1675 


among  Jfi  Labor  Markets  1951-52.  From 
the  Monthly  Labor  Review  of  the  Bureau 
of  Labor  Statistics,  December  1952,  Jan- 
uary and  March  1953  issues.  Washington, 
G.P.O.,  1953.    Pp.  18. 

100.  Wilcock,  Richard  Carrington. 
Types  and  Sources  of  Wage  Data  in 
Illinois.     Urbana,   1949.     Pp.  56. 

Wages,   Annual 

101.  Bouvier,  Emile.  Le  Salaire  Annuel 
Garanti.  Montreal,  Editions  Bellarmin, 
1953.    Pp.  46. 

102.  Latimer,  Murray  Webb.  A  Guar- 
anteed Wage  Plan  for  the  Workers  in  the 
Steel  Industry.  Pittsburgh,  United  Steel- 
workers  of  America,  1952.     Pp.  52. 

Miscellaneous 

103.  Bureau  of  Railway  Economics, 
Washington,  D.C.  A  Review  of  Railway 
Operations  in  1952.  Washington,  1953. 
Pp.  67. 

104.  Canada.  Department  of  Mines 
and  Technical  Surveys.  Geographical 
Branch.  Indo-China,  a  Geographical 
Appreciation.     Ottawa,  1953.     Pp.  88. 

105.  Canadian  Federation  of  Property 
Owners  Associations.  Home  Ownership  or 
Political  Housing?  Housing  in  Canada,  a 
Factual  Report.    Toronto,  1953?    Pp.  23. 

106.  Foster,  William  Truant.  Doctors, 
Dollars  and  Disease.  New  York,  Public 
Affairs  Committee,   1937.     Pp.  32. 

107.  Loomis,  William  P.,  ed.  The  Oper- 
ation of  a  Local  Program  of  Trade  and 
Industrial  Education  with  Emphasis  on 
improving  Instruction  through  Supervision. 
Planned,  compiled  and  edited  by  William 
P.    Loomis,    cooperative    with    joint    com- 


mittees representing  the  National  Associa- 
tion of  State  Supervisors  of  Trade  and 
Industrial  Education,  and  others.  Wash- 
ington, G.P.O.,  1953.     Pp.  166. 

108.  New  York  (State)  Workmen's 
Compensation  Board.  An  Evaluation  of 
Carrier  Performance  from  January  to  June 
1952  and  from  July  to  December  1952. 
New  York,  1952-1953.     2  Pamphlets. 

109.  Pennsylvania.  University.  Wharton 
School  of  Finance  and  Commerce. 
Labor  Relations  Council.  Proceedings, 
Conference,  Less  Government  in  Labor. 
Management  Relations:  an  Achievable 
Goal?  Philadelphia,  April  10,  1953. 
Philadelphia,  1953.    Pp.  140. 

110.  United  Nations.  Economic  and 
Social  Council.  Freedom  of  Information, 
1953.  Report  submitted  by  Mr.  Salvador 
P.  Lopez,  rapporteur  on  freedom  of  infor- 
mation.   New  York,  1953.    Pp.  64. 

111.  United  Nations.  Secretariat. 
Statistical  Office.  International  Meetings 
of  Statisticians.     New  York,  1953.     Pp.  29. 

112.  Woods,  Walter  Sainsbury.  Reha- 
bilitation (a  Combined  Operation)  Being 
a  History  of  the  Development  and  carrying 
out  of  a  Plan  for  the  Re-Establishment  of 
a  Million  Young  Veterans  of  World  War  II 
by  the  Department  of  Veterans  Affairs  and 
its  Predecessor  the  Department  of  Pensions 
and  National  Health.  Published  by 
authority  of  the  Minister  of  Veterans 
Affairs.  Ottawa,  Queen's  Printer,  1953. 
Pp.  518. 

113.  Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 
Montreal.  Board  of  Directors.  How  to 
provide  a  Reservoir  of  trained  Manpower. 
Montreal,  1952.  Pp.  18.  Describes  the 
work  of  Sir  George  Williams  College  in 
Montreal. 


Labour  Conditions 

(Continued  from  page  1064) 
of  airport  lighting  facilities.  Portage  la 
Prairie  Man:  Schumacher-MacKenzie  Ltd, 
construction  of  airport  lighting  facilities. 
Beaver  Lodge  Sask :  Yukon  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  construction  of  radio  beacon  station. 
Saskatoon  Sask:  W  C  Wells  Construction 
Co  Ltd,  construction  of  water  &  sewer  lines. 
Calgary  Alta:  Standard  Gravel  &  Surfacing 
of  Canada  Ltd,  construction  of  concrete 
taxi    strip.      Grande    Prairie    Alta:    Bobbie 


Burns  Plumbing,  Heating  &  Roofing  Co, 
repairs  to  hangar  roof.  Beatton  River  B  C : 
Fred  Sandy,  improvements  to  radio  range 
road;  Bobbie  Burns  Plumbing,  Heating  & 
Roofing  Co,  construction  of  concrete 
foundations,  maintenance  garage  &  erection 
of  prefabricated  dwellings  &  moving  dwell- 
ings. Cranbrook  B  C:  General  Construc- 
tion Co  Ltd,  construction  of  runway.  Port 
Hardy  B  C:  Klassen  &  Born,  construction 
of  rawinsonde  tower  &  office  bldg. 


1676 


Labour   Statistics 


Page 
A— Labour  Force 

D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey 

Table  A-l — Estimated  Distribution  of  Canadian  Manpower 1678 

Table  A-2 — Persons  Looking  for  Work  in  Canada 1678 

Table  A-3— Regional  Distributions,  Week  Ended  August  22,  1953 1679 

Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 

Table  A-4 — Distribution  of  All  Immigrants  by  Region 1679 

Table  A-5 — Distribution  of  Workers  Entering  Canada  by  Occupations 1680 

B— Labour  Income 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics  Monthly  Estimates  of  Labour  Income 
Table  B-l — Estimates  of  Labour  Income 1680 

C—  Employment,  Hours  and  Earnings 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics:  Employment  and  Payrolls 

Table  C-l — Employment  Index  Numbers  by  Provinces 1681 

Table  C-2 — Employment,  Payrolls,  and  Weekly  Wages  and  Salaries 1682 

Table  C-3 — Summary  of  Employment,  Payrolls  and  Average  Weekly  Wages  and  Salaries 1683 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings 

Table  C-4 — Hours  and  Earnings  in  Manufacturing 1684 

Table  C-5 — Hours  and  Earnings  in  Manufacturing  by  Provinces  and  Cities 1684 

Table  C-6 — Hours  and  Earnings  by  Industry 1685 

Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 
Table  C-7 — Real  Earnings  in  Manufacturing 1686 

D— Employment  Service  Statistics 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 

Table  D-l — Unfilled  Vacancies  and  Unplaced  Applicants  as  at  First  of  Month 1687 

Table  D-2— Unfilled  Vacancies  by  Industry  and  by  Sex 1688 

Table  D-3 — Unfilled  Vacancies  and  Unplaced  Applicants  by  Occupation  and  by  Sex 1689 

Table  D-4 — Activities  of  National  Employment  Service  Offices 1690 

Table  D-5 — Applications  and  Placements  Since  1943 1695 

E— Unemployment  Insurance 

Unemployment  Insurance  Commission  and  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
Report  on  the  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Table  E-l — Number  Receiving  Benefit  with  Amount  Paid 1696 

Table  E-2 — Persons  Signing  the  Live  Unemployment  Register  by  Number  of  Days  Continu- 
ously on  the  Register 1696 

Table  E-3 — Claims  for  Benefit  by  Provinces  and  Disposal  of  Claims 1697 

Table  E-4 — Claimants  Not  Entitled  to  Benefit  with  Reasons  for  Non-Entitlement 1697 

Table  E-5 — Estimates  of  the  Insured  Population 1697 

Table  E-6 — Unemployment  Insurance  Fund 1698 

F— Prices 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 

Table  F-l — Index  Numbers  of  the  Cost  of  Living  in  Canada 1699 

Table  F-la — Consumer  Price  Index  Numbers,  Canada 1700 

Table  F-2 — Index  Numbers  of  the  Cost  of  Living  for  Nine  Cities  of  Canada 1701 

Table  F-3— Index  Numbers  of  Staple  Food  Items 1701 

Table  F-4—  Retail  Prices  of  Staple  Foods  and  Coal  by  Cities 1702 

Table  F-5 — Index  Numbers  of  the  Cost  of  Living  in  Canada  and  Other  Countries 1706 

Table  F-6— Index  Numbers  of  Wholesale  Prices  in  Canada 1707 

G— Strikes  and  Lockouts 

Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 

Table  G-l — Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada  by  Month 1708 

Table  G-2 — Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada  During  September 1709 

H— Industrial  Accidents 

Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 

Table  H-l — Fatal  Industrial  Accidents  by  Industries  and  Causes 1713 

Table  H-2 — Fatal  Industrial  Accidents  by  Provinces  and  Industries 1713 

1677 


A — Labour  Force 

TABLE  A-l.— ESTIMATED  DISTRIBUTION  OF  CANADIAN  MANPOWER 

(Thousands  of  persons  14  years  of  age  and  over) 
Source:  D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey 


Week  Ended  August  22,   1953 

Total 

Males 

Females 

10,057 
5,507 
5,093 
4,820 
273 
105 

5,022 
4,304 
4,000 
3,867 
133 
74 

5,035 

1,203 

1,093 

953 

140 

31 

25 

15 

* 

10 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

16 

* 

12 

* 

* 
* 

18 
25 

13 
17 

* 

168 
322 

59 
228 

109 
94 

313 
17 

225 
15 

* 

88 

53 

42 

11 

231 

157 

* 

74 

* 

• 

* 

92 

76 

16 

4,550 

170 

3,430 

718 
109 

* 

3,832 
61 

3,427 

* 

895 
54 

580 

25 

315 
29 

Week  Ended  July  18,  1953 


Total 


Males      Females 


Total  civilian  noninstitutional  population 

A.  Civilian  labour  force 

Persons  at  work 

35  hours  or  more 

Less  than  35  hours 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

(a)  laid  off  for  part  of  the  week 

(b )  on  short  time 

(c)  lost  job  during  the  week 

(d)  found  job  during  the  week 

(e)  bad  weather 

(f)  illness 

(g)  industrial  dispute 

(h )  vacation 

(i)    other 

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours 

Persons  with  jobs  not  at  work 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more 

(a)  laid  off  for  full  week 

(b)  bad  weather 

(c)  illness 

(d )  industrial  dispute , 

(e)  vacation 

(f)  other 

Usually  work  less  tlian  35  hours 

Persons  without  jobs  and  seeking  work  (') 

B.  Persons  not  in  the  labour  force 

(a)  permanently  unable  or  too  old  to  work 

(b)  keeping  house 

fc)  going  to  school , 

(d )  retired  or  voluntarily  idle 

(e)  other 


10,037 
5,515 
5,082 
4,807 
275 

*  91 
23 


184 
343 


332 
12 


45 

263 


4,522 

178 

3,416 

882 
42 


5.011 

4,294 

3,996 

3,870 

126 


14 
12 

59 

224 

220 

36 

i 

168 

* 

» 

74 

717 
118 


575 
20 


5,026 

1,221 

1,086 

937 

ll9 
24 

11 


125 

119 


112 


3,805 

60 

3,414 

307 

22 


(')  Included  here  are  only  those  who  did  not  work  during  the  entire  survey  week  and  were  reported  looking  for  work. 
For  all  those  who  were  reported  as  seeking  work  during  the  sui  vey  week,  see  Table  A-2. 
*  Loss  than  10,000.    • 


TABLE  A-2.— PERSONS  LOOKING  FOR  WORK  IN  CANADA 

(Estimates  in  thousands) 
Source:   D.B.S.    Labour   Force   Survey 


Week  Ended  August  22,  1953 

Week  Ended  July 

IS,   1953 

Total 

Seeking 

Full  Time 

Work 

Seeking 

Part  Time 

Work 

Total 

Seeking 

Full  Time 

Work 

Seeking 

Part  Time 

Work 

104 

92 
44 
31 

* 
12 

95 
85 

* 

102 

90 
41 

28 

» 

• 
• 

12 

89 
SO 

13 

10 

7—12  months 

13—18  months. . . 

10 

* 

; 

• 
* 

, 

* 

* 

• 

*  Less  than  10,000. 


1678 


TABLE   A-3.— REGIONAL   DISTRIBUTIONS,   WEEK   ENDED   AUGUST  22,   1953 

(Estimates  in  thousands) 


— 

Canada 

Nfld. 

P.E.I. 

N.S. 
N.B. 

Que. 

Ont. 

Man. 
Sask. 
Alta. 

B.C. 

The  Labour  Force 

5,507 

966 

4,541 

4,304 

890 

3,414 

1,203 

76 

1,127 

5,507 

657 

738 

2,477 

1,411 

224 

Ill 
111 

94 
94 

17 

* 

17 

111 

15 
17 
49 
26 

* 

424 

67 

357 

339 

60 

279 

85 
* 

78 

424 
54 
55 
183 
110 
22 

1,580 

225 

1,355 

1,223 

215 

1,008 

357 
10 

347 

1,580 
221 
242 
715 
354 
48 

1,964 

259 

1,705 

1,501 

229 

1,272 

463 

30 

433 

1,964 
203 
250 

889 
535 

87 

987 
393 
594 

805 
368 
437 

182 
25 
157 

987 
127 
124 
433 
258 
45 

441 

22 

419 

342 

18 

324 

99 

95 

441 

37 

20-24  years 

50 

208 

128 

18 

Persons  with  Jobs 

5,415 

4,228 
1,187 

964 
4,451 

4,076 
3,026 
1,050 

105 
88 
17 

105 

83 
68 
15 

413 
329 

84 

67 
346 

303 

232 

71 

1,539 

1,189 

350 

224 
1,315 

1,190 

877 
313 

1,945 

1,485 

460 

259 
1,686 

1,575 
1,157 

418 

978 
800 
178 

392 
586 

558 
412 
146 

435 

Males 

337 

98 

22 

413 

367 

Males 

280 

87 

92 

* 

11 

41 

19 

„ 

Persons  not  in  the  Labour  Force 

4,550 

718 
3,832 

129 
30 
99 

422 

76 

346 

1,255 

178 

1,077 

1,501 

216 

1,285 

817 
124 
693 

426 

94 

Females 

332 

Less  than  10,000. 


TABLE  A-4.— DISTRIBUTION  OF  ALL  IMMIGRANTS  BY  REGION 

Source:  Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 


Month 

Atlantic 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Prairies 

B.C. 

Yukon 
N.W.T. 

Canada 
Total 

Adult 
Males 

1949— Total 

2,777 
2,198 
3,928 
4,531 
3,436 
2,949 

18,005 
13,575 
46,033 
35,318 
26,875 
22,272 

48,607 
39,041 
104,842 
86,059 
66,516 
58,065 

17,904 
12,975 
25, 165 
23,560 
18,033 
20,182 

7,924 
6,123 
14.423 
15,030 
11,169 
9,159 

95,217 

73,912 
194,391 
164,498 
126,029 
112,627 

39,044 

1950— Total 

1951— Total 

30, 700 

95,818 

1952— Total :.... 

66,083 
54,621 

47,319 

1679 


TABLE  A-5. 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  WORKERS  ENTERING  CANADA  BY  OCCUPATIONS 

Source:  Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 


T3 

§2 

TJ 

T3 

Month 

-5.2 
S3  g 
a  p 

*3 

.11 

51 

c  o 

go 

3 

IE 

V 

2 

3 
bC 

«'a.s 

1|| 

h.2"S 
o  oS  h 

3 
O 

2 

0!> 

0) 

1 

o 

s 

o 

H 

o 

m 

<1 

£ 

s 

° 

H 

1951— Total 

4,001 

5,317 

25,890 

5,402 

114,786 

1952— Total    . .                

7,051 

6.900 

16,971 

1,526 

85,029 

4,640 

5,012 

15,411 

1,158 

68,067 

6,743 

4,128 

1,245 

2,145 

8,152 

14,788 

588 

17, 173 

5,962 

690 

61,814 

Due  to  changes  in  occupational  classifications,  comparisons  with  earlier  periods  cannot  be  made  for  all  groups.     Where 
possible,  comparisons  are  indicated  in  the  above  table. 


B — Labour  Income 


TABLE  B-l.— ESTIMATES  OF  LABOUR  INCOME 

($  Millions) 
Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


1943— Average.... 
1944— Average... 

1945 — Average 

1946 — Average 

1947— Average... 
1948— Average... 
*  1949— Average.. 
1950— Average.. . 
1951— Average... 
1952— Average... 

1951 — January 

February.. 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

November 
December. 

1952 — January 

February.. 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 
October... 
November 
December. 

1953— January 

February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 


Agricul- 
ture, 
Forestry, 
Fishing, 
Trapping, 
Mining 


Manu- 
facturing 


171 
156 
147 
177 
203 
214 
231 
270 
299 

249 
252 
257 
263 
266 
273 
273 
277 
282 
280 
280 
286 

279 
284 
290 
291 
292 
292 
294 
304 
312 
314 
318 
322 

317 
322 
325 
326 
328 
328 
325 


Construc- 
tion 


Utilities, 
Transport- 
ation, 

Communi- 
cation, 

Storage, 
Trade 


86 
95 
100 
114 
134 
154 
169 
180 
208 
230 

189 
190 
193 
199 
205 
211 
212 
214 
217 
219 
223 
222 

215 
216 
218 
222 
227 
231 
234 
234 
236 
239 
242 
245 

247* 
235 
236 
253* 
249 
253 
255 


Finance, 
Services, 
(including 
Govern- 
ment) 


78 
83 
90 
103 
114 
131 
147 
156 
178 
197 

164 
162 
175 
171 
177 
179 
179 
180 
182 
188 
191 
188 

188 
193 
193 
193 
197 
200 
201 
197 
198 
202 
202 
205 

203 
207 
213 
213 
219 
218 
219 


Supple- 
mentary 
Labour 
Income 


Total 


412 
413 
444 
518 
597 
647 
693 
806 
895 

734 
733 
750 
765 
794 
818 


847 
858 
867 
85S 

839 
849 
852 
852 
875 
885 
901 
919 
931 
946 
952 
942 

928 
920 
924 


979 
9S6 


Includes  Newfoundland,  since  1949.     "Includes  retroactive  wage  payment  to  railway  employees. 


1680 


C — Employment,   Hours   and  Earnings 

TABLE  C-l.— EMPLOYMENT  INDEX  NUMBERS  BY  PROVINCES 

(Average  calendar  year  1939  =  100).        (The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision.) 

Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 

Tables  C-l  to  C-3  are  based  on  reports  from  employers  having  15  or  more  employees— At  August  1,  employers 
in  the  principal  non-agricultural  industries  reported  a  total  employment  of  2,534,705. 


Year  and  Month 


1947- 

-Average 

1948- 

-Average 

1949- 

-Average . 

1950- 

-Average . 

1951- 

-Average . 

1952- 

-Average. 

Jan. 

1,  1952 

Feb. 

1,  1952 

Mar. 

1,  1952 

Apr. 

1,  1952 

May 

1,  1952 

June 

1,  1952 

July 

1,  1952 

Aug. 

1,  1952 

Sept. 

1,  1952 

Oct. 

1,  1952 

Nov. 

1,  1952 

Dec. 

1,  1952 

Jan. 

1,  1953 

Feb. 

1,  1953 

Mar. 

1,  1953 

Apr. 

1,  1953 

May 

1,  1953 

June 

1,  1953 

Julv 

1,  1953 

Aug. 

1,  1953 

Percentage  Distribution  of  Employees   of 
porting  Establishments  at  August  1, 1953 


Re- 


158-3 
165-0 
165-5 
168-0 
180-2 
184-7 

181-0 
177-8 
178-0 
177-9 
177-4 
182-5 
185-5 
188-8 
190-6 
192-6 
192-3 
192-2 

187-0 
182-5 
182-0 
182-0 
183-5 
187-5 
191-2 
191-9 


100-0 


•ill 


146-5 
161-0 
157-0 
173-1 
176-8 
193-4 

175-2 
183-4 
160-6 
213-4 
175-6 
191-7 
199-4 
207-9 
209-2 


199-8 
199-0 

184-4 
176-5 
167-6 
168-0 
176-2 
194-2 
195-5 
203-6 


0-2 


137-2 
148-4 
149-0 
142-5 
149-4 
155-0 

no 

150 

146 

lis 

110 

151 

160-6 

160-4 

163-8 

163-6 

160-2 

158-0 

154-5 
151-1 
146-7 
145-5 
146-6 
151-5 
156-3 
156-6 


3-5 


172-7 
174-2 
165-6 
169-9 
180-5 
181-3 

190-7 
186-3 
185-3 
192-4 
167-4 
174-6 
178-6 
172-3 
183-5 
186-0 
177-1 


178-9 
167-3 
164-3 
161-3 
158-6 
166-7 
168-0 
174-2 


2-1 


C 


150-9 
156-2 
154-3 
155-0 
168-5 
175-0 

171-7 
169-0 
169-6 
166-4 
164-2 
170-9 
177-3 
183-5 
179-3 
182-1 
182-8 
183-1 

175-6 
171-3 
170-6 
169-1 
171-1 
175-2 
177-8 
177-7 


163 

171-2 

173-1 

177-7 

191-0 

193-8 

190-3 
187-6 
187-5 
187-6 
188-3 
191-6 
196-5 
195-9 
198-3 
200-7 
200-4 
200-7 

198-2 
195-7 
195-4 
196-0 
196-3 
198-7 
202-0 
201-3 


42- 


156-0 
162-0 
166-7 
168-0 
173-2 
176-7 

173-0 
169-1 
167-8 
168-8 
170-9 
176-6 
179-2 
182-7 
182-7 
183-0 
182-6 
183-9 

177-9 
173-3 
170-9 
171-5 
174-7 
179-2 
183-6 
185-6 


5-2 


135-8 
139-0 
139-7 
140-8 
148-1 
155-7 

152-1 
142-4 
141-7 
142-0 
147-3 
158-5 
162-3 
166-1 
164-2 
162-4 
164-2 
164-7 

158-5 
148-4 
147-6 
147-7 
152-5 
161-91 
168-3 
172-7 


2-5 


158-9 
168-9 
180-3 
188-5 
202-6 
217-9 

206-0 
201-7 
201-8 
201-6 
207-0 
214-1 
222-4 
231-5 
235-3 
230-7 
231-3 
231-6 

226-6 
219-3 
221-3 
219-3 
222-9 
230-3 
240-1 
246-0 


5-3 


'Co 

mo 


174-1 
181-6 
179-3 
180-7 
190-3 
191-3 

186-4 
179-9 
183-9 
188-6 
192-7 
195-1 
171-2 
183-9 
201-9 
206-3 
205-2 
200-8 

190-7 
181-1 
183-1 
187-5 
190-9 
195-6 
201-5 
205-5 


9-3 


Note: — The  percentage  distribution  given  above  shows  the  proportion  of  employees  in  the  indicated  province,  to 
the  total  number  of  employees  reported  in  Canada  by  the  firms  making  returns  at  the  latest  date. 


1681 


TABLE  C-2.— EMPLOYMENT,  PAYROLLS  AND  WEEKLY  WAGES  AND  SALARIES 

(1939  =  100)        (The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision) 
Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 


Year  and  Month 


Industrial  Composite1 


Index  Numbers 


Employ- 
ment 


Aggregate)  Average 
Weekly  Wages  and 
Payrolls      Salaries 


Average 

Weekly 

Wages  and 

Salaries 


Manufacturing 


Index  Numbers 


Employ- 
ment 


Aggregate]  Average 
Weekly    Wages  and 
Payrolls      Salaries 


Average 

Weekly 

Wages  and 

Salaries 


1939— Average. 

1947 — Average. 
1948 — Average. 
1949 — Average. 
1950 — Average. 
1951— Average. 
1952— Average. 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Jan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Apr. 
May 
June 
July 
Aug. 


1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 


1953.. 
1953.. 
1953.. 
1952.. 
1953.. 
1953.. 
1953.. 
1953.. 


100-0 

158-3 
165-0 
165-5 
168-0 
180-2 
184-7 

181-0 

177-8 
178-0 
177-9 


1 77 
182 
185 

188 
190 

192 
192- 

192 


100-0 

245-2 
282-9 
303-7 
321-8 
381-3 
426-1 


402-9 
409-0 
411-5 
410-6 
420-2 
426-3 
433-3 
442-7 
452-2 
455-8 
459-5 


187-0 
182-5 
182-0 
182-0 
183-5 
187-5 
191-2 
191-9 


428 

441- 
445' 
444- 
450 
460- 


470-2 


100-0 

154-4 
170-9 
183-3 
191-3 
211-6 
230-9 

215-1 
226-9 
230-2 
231-7 
231-8 
230-7 
230-2 
229-9 
232-7 
235-2 
237-4 
239-4 

229-6 
242-0 
244-9 
244-6 
245-4 
246-2 
245-6 
245-3 


8 
23.44 

36.19 
40.06 
42.96 
44.84 
49.61 
54.13 

50.42 
53.19 
53.95 
54.32 
54.34 
54.08 
53.96 
53.89 
54.55 
55.12 
55.65 
56.12 

53.81 
56.72 
57.40 
57.33 
57.52 
57.71 
57.57 
57.51 


100-0 

171-0 
176-0 
175-9 

177-5 
190-0 
192-4 


1S3 
185 

1ST 
188 

188 
190 
191 
194 
198 
200- 


196-3 
197-6 
199-5 
200-1 
200-8 
201-6 
203-5 
202-6 


100-0 

272-7 
314-1 
339-2 
360-2 
427-6 
474-0 

417-8 
449-9 
458-0 
467-2 
468-4 
470-1 
470-1 
474-6 
490-9 
503-0 
505-7 
512-2 

473-2 
510-3 
518-7 
522-2 
523-9 
526-2 
528-8 
524-3 


100-0 


150 
17S 
192 

202 
224 
246 

227 
242 
244 
248 
248 
24(5 
245 
244 
247 
250 
253 
256 

241 
258 
260 
260 

260 
260 
250 
258 


22.79 

36.34 
40.67 
43.97 
46.21 
51.25 
56.11 

51.82 
55.36 
55.73 
56.55 
56.55 
56.10 
55.95 
55.71 
56.36 
57.09 
57.66 
58.46 

54.93 

58.83 
59.25 
59.44 
59.44 
59.44 
59.16 
58.93 


1  Includes  (1)  Forestry  (chiefly  logging),  (2)  Mining  (including  milling),  quarrying  and  oil  wells,  (3)  Manufacturing 
(4)  Construction,  (5)  Transportation,  storage  and  communication,  (6)  Public  utility  operation,  (7)  Trade,  (8)  Finance, 
insurance  and  real  estate  and  (9)  Service  (mainly  hotels,  restaurants,  laundries,  dry  cleaning  plants,  business  and  recre- 
ational service). 


1682 


TABLE  C-3.— AREA  AND  INDUSTRY  SUMMARY  OF  EMPLOYMENT,  PAYROLLS 
AND  AVERAGE  WEEKLY  WAGES  AND  SALARIES 

(1939  =  100) 

Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 


Index  Numbers  (1939  = 

=  100) 

Average  W 
Wages  and  Se 

eekly 

Area  and  Industry 

Employment 

Payrolls 

Aug.  1 
1953 

July  1 
1953 

Aug.  1 
1952 

Aug.  1 
1953 

Julv  1 
1953 

Aug.  1 
1952 

Aug.  1 
1953 

July  1 
1953 

Aug.  1 
1952 

(a)  Provinces 

203-6 
156-6 
174-2 
177-7 
201-3 
185-6 
172-7 
246-0 
205-5 

191  9 

104-1 
211-9 
170-1 
169-4 
165-4 
177-0 
165-9 
188-3 
193-1 
194-6 
297-9 
313-2 
241-7 
211-2 
209-2 
181-6 
161-1 
184-6 
185-0 
203-4 
325-2 
243-9 
263-7 
250-5 
181-8 
186-0 
222-6 
326-7 
244-8 
207-8 
227-8 

135-9 
123-6 
202-6 
263-3 
163-5 
211-6 

194-4 
211-4 
1-83-6 
180-4 
203-2 

191-9 

195-5 
156-3 
168-0 
177-8 
202-0 
183-6 
168-3 
240-1 
201-5 

191  2 

105-2 
210-2 
163-3 
168-8 
167-7 
174-5 
169-9 
189-9 
193-6 
193-0 
308-4 
312-8 
244-7 
213-2 
207-8 
186-1 
164-6 
185-2 
184-4 
211-9 
324-6 
249-1 
260-4 
246-7 
181-5 
185-3 
215-6 
320-0 
240-2 
205-3 
228-2 

146-3 
122-8 
203-5 
265-5 
163-6 
202-2 

191-7 
210-4 
183-6 
179-8 
200-1 

191-2 

207-9 
160-4 
172-3 
183-5 
195-9 
182-7 
166-1 
231-5 
183-9 

188-8 

115-2 
215-3 
165-7 
163-1 
171-1 
177-6 
170-8 
182-8 
192-1 
198-0 
262-4 
297-3 
243-8 
200-2 
203-3 
206-6 
154-0 
173-7 
182-7 
197-0 
334-3 
236-4 
244-2 
250-4 
178-3 
177-6 
208-3 
283-7 
234-4 
194-9 
212-7 

122-4 
127-  : 
194-1 
247-0 
160-0 
236-6 

192-3 
205-0 
176-8 
180-7 
199-2 

188-8 

450-8 
353-4 
417-9 
455-4 
490-1 
399-3 
395-5 
574-0 
504-3 

470-2 

285-9 
416-9 
356-8 
433-7 
397-0 
473-4 
446-1 
455-7 
435-9 
567-0 
827-6 
865-5 
651-2 
503-4 
530-8 
496-6 
418-6 
475-1 
458-0 
470-9 
826-4 
590-1 
681-9 
588-7 
386-1 
420-7 
509-7 
829-4 
533-8 
494-8 
545-9 

464-8 
293-7 
524-3 
689-4 
405-8 
680-5 

418-3 
468-8 
413-2 
322-9 
443-9 

470-2 

437-4 
350-7 
402-0 
454-6 
493-0 
396-5 
385-0 
558-4 
497-7 

468  9 

279-5 
411-9 
349-9 
422-9 
386-0 
469-2 
458-0 
459-6 
433-4 
568-4 
876-2 
872-8 
667-9 
508-6 
530-3 
505-1 
436-4 
484-5 
455-6 
492-9 
821-9 
610-9 
665-3 
589-1 
386-2 
411-6 
486-2 
798-0 
521-3 
485-1 
548-7 

492-6 
290-3 
528-8 
698-4 
407-2 
646-5 

415-4 
464-7 
411-4 
321-0 
438-2 

468-9 

429-9 
346-8 
392-8 
439-7 
452-6 
370-3 
355-6 
493-1 
409-4 

433  3 

294-6 
411-9 
336-1 
392-6 
392-1 
464-8 
420-9 
418-0 
410-4 
543-0 
703-4 
775-5 
641-8 
450-7 
498-2 
571-0 
381-9 
429-5 
413-2 
438-9 
792-7 
537-9 
587-1 
570-5 
360-2 
383-8 
444-1 
619-5 
481-9 
428-2 
459-4 

383-3 

287-7 
474-6 
607-7 
379-1 
678-5 

383-6 
428-1 
377-9 
307-3 
400-8 

433-3 

S 

44.02 

48.36 
48.77 
54.51 
59.62 
55.28 
55.43 
59.36 
63.86 

57.51 

61.39 
46.05 
44.92 
47.60 
46.65 
53.52 
51.50 
56.26 
52.19 
61.54 
65.58 
66.76 
66.00 
60.21 
61.27 
56.83 
53.38 
54.79 
74.34 
54.82 
70.35 
67.36 
68.58 
60.08 
51.82 
51.52 
50.58 
59.85 
56.20 
59.70 
57.44 

59.48 
68.57 
58.93 
63.59 
54.10 
60.57 

61.52 

65.28 
49.20 
52.14 
36.74 

57.51 

44.47 
48.09 
48.66 
54.40 
59.77 
55.49 
55.36 
59.18 
64.28 

57.57 

59.38 
45.88 
45.90 
46.58 
44.72 
53.81 
51.62 
55.29 
51.76 
62.20 
64.07 
67.41 
66.87 
60.25 
61.64 
56.39 
54.49 
55.68 
74.17 
55.07 
70.08 
68.26 
67.76 
61.06 
51.92 
50.61 
49.82 
58.80 
55.93 
59.22 
57.63 

58.54 
68.20 
59.16 
63.86 
54.25 
60.23 

61.96 
65.02 
49.01 
51.99 
36.85 

57.57 

% 
41  .17 

46.32 

46.40 

51.00 

56.62 

52.12 

51.84 

54.16 

British  Columbia 

57.87 

CANADA 

53  89 

(b)METROPOLITAN  AREAS 

Sydnev 

57.17 

Halifax 

44.80 
43.47 

44.85 

Sherbrooke 

44.50 

52.36 

Drummondville 

47.18 
52.27 

Ottawa— Hull 

49.48 

57.93 

63.38 

62.92 

64.59 

56.87 

59.30 

Brantford 

Gait 

Kitchener 

Sudburv 

57.39 
50.87 
52.44 
67.92 

52.73 

Sarnia 

Windsor 

Sault  Ste.  Marie 

Ft.  William— Pt.  Arthur 

65.72 
63.43 
63.81 
58.00 
49.30 

48.94 

47.22 

51.34 

Calgary 

52.92 

Vancouver 

55.10 

Victoria 

51.77 

(c)  Industries 

Forestry  (chiefly  logging) 

Mining 

54.21 
65.24 

Manufacturing 

55.71 

59.78 

Non-Durable  Goods 

51.66 

53.91 

Transportation,      storage,      communi- 
cation   

57.06 
61.49 

Trade 

46.69 

Finance,  insurance  and  real  estate 

Service2 

49.50 
33.64 

Industrial  composite 

53.89 

1  Includes  wood  products,  iron  and  steel  products,  transportation  equipment,  non-ferrous  metal  products,  electrical 
apparatus  and  supplies  and  non-metallic  mineral  products.  The  non-durable  group  includes  the  remaining  manufacturing 
industries. 

2  Mainly  hotels,  restaurants,  laundries,  dry  cleaning  plants  and  business  and  recreational  services. 


1683 


Tables  C-l  to  C-6  are  based  on  reports  from  a  somewhat  smaller  number  of  firms  than  Tables  C-l  to  C-3. 
They  relate  only  to  wage-earners  for  whom  statistics  of  hours  of  work  are  also  available,  whereas  Tables  C-l  to 
C-3  relate  to  salaried  employees  as  well  as  to  all  wage-earners  of  the  co-operative  firms. 

TABLE  C-L— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  IN  MANUFACTURING 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage-Earners)        Source:  Man-hours  and  Hourly  earnings,  D.B.S. 


All  Manufactures 

Durable  Goods 

Non-Durable  Goods 

Year  and   Month 

Average 
Hours 

Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 

Average 
Weekly 

Wages 

Average 
Hours 

Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 

Average 
Weekly 
Wages 

Average 
Hours 

Average 
Hourly 
Earnings 

Average 
Weekly 
Wages 

1945 — Average 

1946 — Average 

1947 — Average 

1948— Average 

1949— Average 

1950— Average 

1951— Average 

1952 — Average 

Jan.        1,   1952 

Feb.       1,   1952 

Mar.       1,   1952 

Apr.       1,   1952 

May       1,  1952 

June       1,  1952 

July       1,   1952 

Aug.       1,   1952  .... 
Sept.      1,   1952  .... 
Oct.       1,   1952  .... 

Nov.      1,  1952 

Dec.       1,   1952 

*Jan.       1,   1953 

Feb.       1,   1953 

Mar.       1,   1953 

Apr.       1,   1953 

Mav       1,   1953 

June       1,   1953 

Julv        1,   1953 

Aug.       1,    1953 

No. 

44-3 
42-7 
42-5 
42-2 
42-3 
42-3 
41-8 
41-5 
38-1 
41-6 
41-7 
42-1 
41-9 
41.3 
41.3 
41-1 
41-6 
42.1 
42-1 
42-5 

38-3 
41-9 
42-1 
42-1 
41-8 
41-7 
41-3 
41-0 

cts. 

69-4 

70-0 

80-3 

91-3 

98-6 

103-6 

116-8 

129-2 

127-1 

127-1 

127-8 

129-0 

129-4 

129.7 

128.6 

128-9 

129-5 

129.9 

131-0 

132-1 

134-0 
134-2 
134-4 
134-9 
135-5 
135-9 
136-2 
136-0 

$ 

30.74 
29.87 
34.13 
38.53 
41.71 
43.82 
48.82 
53.62 
48.43 
52.87 
53.29 
54.31 
54.22 
53.57 
53.11 
52.98 
53.87 
54.69 
55.15 
56.14 

51.32 
56.23 
56.58 
56.79 
56.61 
56.67 
56.25 
55.76 

No. 

44-7 
42-8 
42-7 
42-3 
42-5 
42-5 
42-0 
41-6 
38-3 
41-9 
41-8 
42-3 
42-1 
41.4 
41.4 
41-1 
41-8 
42.2 
42-1 
42.6 

38-5 
41.9 
42-4 
42-3 
42-2 
42-1 
41-9 
41-4 

cts. 

76-7 
76-4 
87-2 
98-4 
106-5 
112-0 
125-8 
139-8 
136-4 
137-5 
138-4 
139-6 
139-5 
139.6 
138.3 
139-4 
141-2 
141.8 
142-6 
143-6 

144-5 
145-7 
140-3 
146-7 
146-8 
146-8 
147-0 
1471 

$ 

34.28 
32.70 
37.23 
41.62 
45.26 
47.60 
52.84 
58.16 
52.24 
57.61 
57.85 
59.05 
58.73 
57.79 
57.26 
57.29 
59.02 
59.84 
60.03 
61.17 

55.63 
61.05 
62.03 
62.05 
61.95 
61.80 
61.59 
60-90 

No. 

43-7 
42-6 
42-3 
42-0 
42-0 
42-2 
41-7 
41-3 
37-9 
41-2 
41-5 
41-8 
41-6 
41.3 
41.2 
41-1 
41-4 
42-0 
42-1 
42-2 

38-2 
41.8 
41-7 
41-8 
41-5 
41-3 
40-8 
40-6 

cts. 

60-7 
63-8 
73-4 
84-0 
90-6 
95-2 
107-2 
117-4 
116-8 
115-7 
116-0 
116-9 
117-8 
118.4 
117.9 
117-5 
116-8 
117-0 
118-4 
119-3 

121-8 
120-8 
120-7 
121-3 
122-4 
123-1 
123-5 
123-4 

$ 

26.53 
27.18 
31.05 
35.28 
38.05 
40.17 
44.70 
48.49 
44.27 
47.67 
48.14 
48.86 
49.00 
48.90 
48.57 
48.29 
48.36 
49.14 
49.85 
50.34 

46.53 
50  49 
50.33 
50.70 
50.80 
50.84 
50.33 
50.10 

"The  averages  at  these  dates  were  affected  by  loss  of  working  time  at  the  year-end  holidays  in  the  case  of  January 


TABLE   C-5.— HOURS  AND   EARNINGS  IN  MANUFACTURING  BY  PROVINCES 

AND  CITIES 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage  Earners)        Source:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings,  D.B.S. 


A  vera 

5e  Hours  Worked 

Average 

Hourly    Earnings 

(in  cents) 

Aug.   1, 
1953 

July   1, 
1953 

Aug.   1, 
1952 

Aug.   1, 
1953 

Julv   1, 
1953 

Aug.    1, 
1952 

40-6 
41-3 
42-6 
42-4 
40-6 
40-0 
40-4 
40-2 
38-1 

41-1 
40-4 
39-4 
39-7 
39-7 
37-8 

43-2 
41-4 
42-2 
42-2 
41-3 
40-6 
40-9 
40-2 
37-7 

41-3 
40-9 
39-9 

41-4 
40-3 
37-8 

44-3 
41-2 
43-6 
42-5 
40-7 
40-9 
40-8 
40-2 
35-5 

41-1 
40-0 
39-9 
39-0 
40-4 
36-5 

130-6 
120-4 
117-0 
121-9 
144-2 
131-4 
136-8 
110-2 
162-0 

128-5 
144-3 
156-4 
168-5 
129-9 
161-3 

131-6 
121-1 
117-2 
122-4 
143-8 
131-5 
135-8 
139-2 
162-4 

128-7 
1141 
155-8 
165 -6 
130-1 
161-2 

122-7 

115-2 

110-9 

115-9 

137-2 

123-3 

128-5 

Alberta 

129-5 
151-3 

121-3 

135-2 

150-5 

160-5 

121-8 

152-8 

1684 


TABLE  C-6.— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  BY  INDUSTRY 

(Hourly-Rated   Wage-Earners) 

Source:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings,   D.R.S. 

(The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision) 


Industry 


Mining...... 

Metal  mining 

Gold 

Other  metal 

Fuels 

Coal 

Oil  and  natural  gas 

Non-metal 

Manufacturing 

Food  and  beverages 

Meat  products 

Canned  and  preserved  fruits  and  vegetables. 

Grain  mill  products 

Bread  and  other  bakery  products 

Distilled  and  malt  liquors 

Tobacco  and  tobacco  products 

Rubber  products 

Leather  products 

Boots  and  shoes  (except  rubber) 

Textile  products  (except  clothing) 

Cotton  yarn  and  broad  woven  goods 

Woollen  goods 

Synthetic  textiles  and  silk 

Clothing  (textile  and  fur) 

Men's  clothing 

Women's  clothing 

Knit  goods 

*  Wood  products 

Saw  and  planing  mills 

Furniture 

Other  wood  products 

Paper  products 

Pulp  and  paper  mills 

Other  paper  products 

Printing,  publishing  and  allied  industries 

*Iron  and  steel  products 

Agricultural  implements 

Fabricated  and  structural  steel 

Hardware  and  tools 

Heating  and  cooking  appliances 

Iron  castings 

Machinery  manufacturing 

Primary  iron  and  steel 

Sheet  metal  products 

"Transportation  equipment 

Aircraft  and  parts 

Motor  vehicles 

Motor  vehicle  parts  and  accessories 

Railroad  and  rolling  stock  equipment 

Shipbuilding  and  repairing 

*  Non-ferrous  metal  products 

Aluminum  products 

Brass  and  copper  products 

Smelting  and  refining 

*Electrical  apparatus  and  supplies 

Heavy  electrical  machinery  and  equipment1 , 

*  Non-metallic  mineral  products 

Clay  products 

Glass  and  glass  products 

Products  of  petroleum  and  coal 

Chemical  products 

Medicinal  and  pharmaceutical  preparations.  . 

Acids,  alkalis  and  salts 

Miscellaneous  manufactuirng  industries 

*Durable  goods 

Non-durable  goods 

Construction 

Buildings  and  structures 

Highways,  bridges  and  streets 

Electric  and  motor  transportation 

Service  

Hotels  and  restaurants 

Laundries  and  dry  cleaning  plants 


Average  Hours 


Aug.  1  July  1  Aug.  1 
1953      1953      1952 


no. 

42 

44 

45 

43 

39 

38 

42 

41 

41 

42-1 

41 

38 

46-0 

44 

42-5 

40-5 

40-6 

40-2 

40-1 

40 

37-0 

43-1 

43-3 

37 

37-0 

35-2 

38-9 

40-8 

39 

42-7 

43-9 

44 

45 

42-2 

39 

41-7 

39-9 

41-2 

41 

41-7 

41-8 

42-6 

41-7 

41-5 

40-2 

41-7 

39-6 

40-1 

38-5 

42-2 

41-0 

43-0 

42-0 

40-4 

41-1 

41-1 

44-4 

44-9 

45-6 

41-1 

41-3 

40-9 

40-5 

39-9 

41-1 

41-1 

42-0 

42-3 

40-0 

44-8 

42-9 

44-2 

40-9 


Average  Hourly 
Earnings 


Aug.  1  July  1  Aug.  1 
1953      1953      1952 


cts. 

153 

155 

132 
170 
155 
152 
164 
141 
136 
114 
142 
93 
129 
105 
145 
137 
142 
90 
93 
107 
109 
101 
110 
95 
92 
102 
94 
119 
120 
110 
105 
151 
161 
121 
158 
153 
160 
163 
137 
132 
150 
145 
1 69 
146 
157 
157 
171 
156 
157 
141 
1 52 
141 
111 
164 
143 
157 
135 
123 
132 
178 
130 
114 
158 
111 
147 
123 
142 
156 
112 
136 
77 
76 
75 


cts. 

153 

155 
133 
170 
153 
149 
163 
141 
136 
114 
141 
93 
128 
104 
142 
133 
143 
96 
92 
107 
110 
101 
110 
1)5 
03 
99 
95 
119 
125 
110 
105 
151 
161 
121 
159 
153 
161 
1 60 
137 
134 
149 
145 
170 
145 
157 
156 
171 
157 
156 
145 
151 
142 
110 
lfil 
1  14 
158 
134 
122 
132 
ISO 
138 
111 
158 
111 
117 
123 
111 
155 
111 
135 
77 
77 
75 


Average    Weekly 
Wages 


Aug.l  July  1  Aug.  1 
1953      1953      1952 


65  35 

68.46 

60.86 

73.02 

61.15 

57.87 

71.77 

61.00 

55.76 

47 

57.37 

35-14 

53.71 

46.65 

63.10 

54 

56.64 

37.77 

35 

43.20 

40.88 

43  62 

47.76 

35.64 

34.06 

36.39 

37.31 

50.80 

53.09 

47.17 

46.10 

66.10 

70.85 

51.47 

62.61 

63.24 

62.12 

66.54 

55.78 

54.69 

62.91 

61.32 

68.98 

60.78 

64.53 

67.80 

69 

62.33 

61.50 

61.99 

63.92 

59.43 

58.58 

70.49 

58.08 

64.42 

59.07 

55.23 

57.64 

73.20 

58.13 

47.09 

66.22 

45.87 

60.90 

50.10 

61.19 

65.92 

47.24 

59.88 

32.38 

32.61 

31.02 


65  64 

69.40 

61.58 

74.08 

59.83 

56.36 

71.05 

61 

56  25 

47.52 

56.62 

36.28 

55.94 

45.94 

61.29 

54.26 

59.68 

37.56 

35.23 

44.12 

42.54 

43.63 

47.17 

34.98 

34.56 

33.47 

36.67 

50.39 

52.29 

47.45 

46.06 

66.55 

71.43 

52.08 

63.80 

64.01 

62-31 

67.26 

58.53 

55.61 

63.67 

62-36 

69.56 

60.47 

65.51 

67.14 

72.93 

64.77 

62.84 

60.94 

63.67 

59.38 

58.57 

69.86 

59.78 

65.38 

59.04 

55.19 

58.70 

74.91 

57.91 

48.25 

65.62 

46.76 

61.59 

50.39 

60.17 

64.62 

46.76 

61.65 

32.79 

33.08 

31.14 


62.69 

66.11 
59.86 
70.17 
59.51 
57.56 
66.88 
55.49 
52.98 
45.93 
55.14 
33.68 
56.07 
43.45 
59.84 
52.04 
53.23 
37.02 
35.57 
42-02 
38.52 
42.71 
46.81 
34.11 
32.86 
33.86 
35.83 
43.70 
43.40 
44.92 
42.63 
63.62 
68.41 
48.32 
58.55 
60.63 
64.60 
63.74 
54.72 
52.83 
58.98 
57.94 
65.51 
56.94 
58.81 
58.55 
65.10 
61.31 
54.59 
57.81 
61.09 
59.38 
56.95 
66.01 
57.75 
63.87 
56.97 
54.37 
56.68 
70.77 
54.56 
43.89 
61.56 
41.30 
57.29 
48.29 
53.51 
60.02 
39.96 
58.69 
30.93 
31.12 
29.24 


*  Durable  manufactured  goods  industries. 


1685 


TABLE  C-7. 


EARNINGS,  HOURS  AND  REAL  EARNINGS  FOR  WAGE  EARNERS 
IN  MANUFACTURING  INDUSTRIES  IN  CANADA 


Source:  Hours  Worked  and  Hourly  and  Weekly  Wages,  D.B.S.  Real  Wages  computed  by  the  Economics  and 
Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 


Date 


Monthly 
Monthly 
Monthly 
Monthly 
Monthly 
Monthly 
Monthly 
Monthly 


Average 
Average 
Average 
Average 
Average 
Average 
Average 
Average 


1945. 
1946. 
1947. 
1948. 
1949. 
1950. 
1951. 
1952. 


Week  Preceding: 
August  1 
September  1 
October  1 
November  1 
December  1 


January  1 

February  1 

March  1 

April  1 

May  1 

June  1 

July         .  1 

August  1 


1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 


1953... 
1953... 
1953... 
1953... 
1953... 
1953... 
1953... 
1953(0. 


Average 

Hours 

Worked 

Per  Week 


14- 

42- 

42- 

42- 

42- 

42- 

41-8 

41-5 


411 
-41-6 
42-1 
42-1 
42-5 

42-2* 

41-9 

42-1 

42-1 

41-8 

41-7 

41-3 

41-0 


Average 
Hourly 

Earnings 


cts. 

69-4 
70-0 
80-3 
91-3 
98-6 
103-6 
116-8 
129-2 


128-9 
.29-5 
129-9 
131-0 
132-1 

134-0 
134-2 
134-4 
134-9 
135-5 
135-9 
136-2 
136-0 


Average 
Weekly 

Earnings 
(W.E.) 


30-74 
29-87 
34  13 
38-53 

41-71 
43-82 
48-82 
53-62 


52-98 
53-87 
54-69 
55  15 
56-14 

56-55 
56-23 
56-58 
56-79 
56-64 
56-67 
56-25 
55-76 


Tndex  Numbers  (A v.  1949  =  100) 


Average 

Weekly 
Earnings 


73-7 
71-6 
81-8 
92-4 
100-0 
105-1 
117-0 
128-6 


127-0 
129-2 
131-1 
132-2 
134-5 


135- 
134- 
135- 
136 
135 
L35- 
L34- 
133 


Consumer 
Price 
Index 


750 

77-5 
84-8 
97-0 
100-0 
102-9 
113-7 
116-5 


116-0 
116-1 
116-0 
116-1 
115-8 

115-7 
115-5 
114-8 
114-6 
114-4 
114-9 
115-4 
115-7 


Average 

Real  Weekly 

Earnings 


98-3 
92-4 
96-5 
95-3 
100-0 
102-1 
102-9 
110-4 


109-5 
111-3 
113-0 
113-9 
1161 


IK 

118- 

118- 

118- 

118- 

116-9 

115-6 


Note: — Average  Real  Weekly  Earnings  were  computed  by  dividing  the  Consumer  Price  Index  into  the  average 
weekly  earnings  index.     (Average  1949  =  100). 

*  Figures  adjusted  for  holidays.     The  actual  figures  are:  January  1,  1953,  38-3  hours,  S51.32. 
(')  Latest  figures  subject  to  revision. 


1686 


D — National  Employment  Service  Statistics 


Tables  D-l  to  D-5  are  based  on  regular 
statistical  reports  from  local  offices  of  the 
National  Employment  Service.  These 
statistics  are  compiled  from  two  different 
reporting  forms,  UIC  751:  statistical  report 
on  employment  operations  by  industry,  and 
UIC  757:  inventory  of  registrations  and 
vacancies  by  occupation.  The  data  on 
applicants  and  vacancies  in  these  two 
reporting    forms    are    not    identical. 

Form  UIC  751:  This  form  provides  a 
cumulative  total  for  each  month  of  all 
vacancies  notified  by  employers,  applications 
made  by  workers,  and  referrals  and  place- 
ments made  by  the  National  Employment 
Service.  Also  reported  are  the  number  of 
vacancies  unfilled  and  applications  on  file 
at  the  beginning  and  end  of  each  reporting 
period.  Because  the  purpose  of  these  data 
is  to  give  an  indication  of  the  volume  of 
work  performed  in  various  local  National 
Employment  Service  offices,  all  vacancies 
and  applications  are  counted,  even  if  the 
vacancy  is  not  to  be  filled  until  some  future 
date  (deferred  vacancy)  or  the  application 
is  from  a  person  who  already  has  a  job 
and  wants  to  find  a  more  suitable  one. 

Form  UIC  757:  This  form  provides  a 
count  of  the  number  of  jobs  available  and 
applications  on  file  at  the  end  of  business 
on  a  specified  day.  Excluded  from  the  data 
on  unfilled  vacancies  are  orders  from 
employers  not  to  be  filled  until  some  future 
date.  The  data  on  job  applications  from 
workers   exclude    those    people   known   to    be 


already  employed,  those  known  to  be  regis- 
tered at  more  than  one  local  office  (the 
registration  is  counted  by  the  "home"'  office), 
and  registrations  from  workers  who  will  not 
be  available  until  some  specified  future  date. 

From  January  24,  1952,  to  December  24, 
1952,  inclusive,  unemployment  insurance 
claimants  on  temporary  mass  lay-offs  were 
not  registered  for  employment  and  thus  were 
not  included  in  the  statistics  reported  on 
form  UIC  751  and  form  UIC  757.  A 
temporary  mass  lay-off  was  defined  as  a 
lay-off  either  for  a  determinate  or  indeter- 
minate period  which  affected  50  or  more 
workers  and  where  the  workers  affected,  so 
far  as  was  known,  were  returning  to  work 
with  the  same  employer.  Commencing  15 
days  after  the  date  of  such  a  lay-off. 
claimants  still  on  the  live  insurance  register 
were  registered  for  employment  on  their  next 
visit  to  the  office  and  henceforth  were 
counted  in  both  statistical  reporting  forms. 
This  procedure  is  no  longer  in  effect,  as  all 
workers  on  temporary  mass  lay-offs  now  are 
registered  for  employment  and  so  counted  in 
the  statistical  reporting  forms.  This  change 
in  procedure  should  be  kept  in  mind  when 
comparing  the  figures  on  applications  for 
employment  during  1952  with  data  for 
earlier  and  subsequent  periods. 

Persons  losing  several  days'  work  each 
week  and  consequently  claiming  short-time 
unemployment  insurance  benefits  are  not 
included  in  either  statistical  reporting  form 
unless  they  specifically  ask  to  be  registered 
for  employment. 


TABLE  D-l.— UNFILLED  VACANCIES  AND  LIVE  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EMPLOYMENT 

(Source:  UIC  757) 


Month 

Unfilled  Vacancies* 

Live  Applications  for 
Employment 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Date  nearest: 

October  1,  1947 

73,892 
41,047 
20, 837 
47,469 
52,427 

29,058 
23,846 
19,544 
12,051 
12,235 
13,604 
18,545 
24,982 
24,564 
21,229 
19,382 

24,203 

24,025 

35,420 
22,870 
20, 629 
17,322 
16,  205 

20, 685 
18,092 
15,738 
12,143 
13,264 
13,799 
16,368 
19,142 
21,143 
20, 088 
17,772 

20,321 

17,806 

109,312 
63,917 
41,466 
64,791 
68, 632 

49,743 
41,938 
35,282 
24,194 
25,499 
27,403 
34,913 
44,124 
45, 707 
41,317 
37,154 

44,524 

41,831 

58,736 
56, 725 
101,504 
79,760 
79,975 

93,699 
99,383 
142,788 
254,660 
317,723 
331,618 
338, 500 
241,990 
152,488 
124,396 
111,524 

113,191 

117,827 

28,585 
30, 607 
41,543 
53,314 
51,003 

49,140 
49,258 
51,725 
60,901 
73,213 
72,065 
66,  702 
57,397 
49,614 
55,918 
52,357 

48,634 

53,453 

87,321 

October  1.  1948 

87,332 

October  1,  1949 

143,047 

October  1,  1950 

133,074 

October  1,  1951 

130,978 

October  1,  1952 

142,839 

November  1,  1952 

148,641 

December  1,  1952 

194,513 
315,561 

February  1,  1953 

390,936 

March  1,  1953 

April  1,  1953 

403,683 
405,202 

May  1,  1953 

June  1,  1953 

July  1,  1953 

299,387 
202, 102 
180,314 

August  1,  1953 

163,881 

September  1,  19530) 

161,825 

October  1,  19530) 

171,280 

*  Current  vacancies  only.     Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 
0)  Latest  figures  subject  to  revision. 


1687 


TABLE  D-2.— UNFILLED  VACANCIES  BY  INDUSTRY  AND  BY  SEX  AS  AT 

AUGUST  31,  1953 (0 

(Source:  Form  U.I.C.  751) 


Industry 


Male 


Female 


Total 


Change  from 


July  31/53       Aug.  29/52 


Agriculture,  Fishing,  Trapping 
Forestry 


Mining,  Quarrying  and  Oil  Wells. 

Metal  Mining 

Fuels 

Non-Metal  Mining 

Quarrying,  Clay  and  Sand  Pits . 
Prospecting 


Manufacturing 

Foods  and  Beverages 

Tobacco  and  Tobacco  Products 

Rubber  Products 

Leather  Products 

Textile  Products  (except  clothing) 

Clothing  (textile  and  fur) 

Wood  Products 

Paper  Products 

Printing,  Publishing  and  Allied  Industries. 

Iron  and  Steel  Products 

Transportation  Equipment 

Non-Ferrous  Metal  Products 

Electrical  Apparatus  and  Supplies 

Non-Metallic  Mineral  Products 

Products  of  Petroleum  and  Coal 

Chemical  Products 

Miscellaneous  Manufacturing  Industries 


Construction 

General  Contractors 

Special  Trade  Contractors . 


Transportation,  Storage  and  Communication . 

Transportation 

Storage 

Communication 


Public  Utility  Operation. 


Trade 

Wholesale. 
Retail 


Finance,  Insurance  and  Real  Estate 


Service 

Community  or  Public  Service. 

Government  Service 

Recreation  Service 

Business  Service 

Personal  Service 


1,501 

3,898 

560 

304 
140 

64 
18 
34 

5,418 

962 
9 

83 
192 
108 
352 
561 
150 
184 
785 
817 
223 
307 
140 

28 
299 
218 

4,141 

3,067 
1,074 

1,265 

1,046 
63 
156 

129 

2,956 

948 
2,008 

1,122 

3,383 

523 

1,178 

243 

557 


408 


1 
5 

5,567 

811 

37 

27 

302 

340 

2,576 

163 


210 
90 
87 

173 
54 
23 

177 

224 


47 
41 

350 

121 

22 

207 

79 

3,407 

768 
2,639 

833 

9,456 

1,493 
595 
131 
409 

6,828 


1,909 
3,914 

592 

323 

147 

64 

19 

39 

10,985 

1,773 

46 

110 

494 

448 

2,928 
724 
237 
370 
995 
907 
310 
480 
194 
51 
476 
442 

4,229 

3,114 

1,115 

1,615 

1,167 

85 

363 


6,363 

1,716 
4,647 

1,955 

12,839 

2,016 

1,773 

374 

966 

7,710 


+   210 
+  2,981 


-  29 
+  28 

-  79 
+  2 
+  9 


+  1,148 

-f    303 
+    845 

90 

+   872 


912 

141 
41 
29 

118 
54 

538 
25 
65 
39 
68 

435 
96 
30 


139 


456 

247 


162 

31 
20 
111 

33 


87 

63 

60 

742 


53 

2,223 

583 


,910 


2,246 


See  Foot- 
note (2) 


+    511 

887 


GRAND  TOTAL 


24,373 


20,236 


44,609 


+  6,615 


3,143 


0)  Preliminary — subject  to  revision. 

Current  vacancies  only.    Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 

(2)  Commencing  January  2,  1953,  the  Standard  Industrial  Classification  Manual  of  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statis- 
tics replaced  the  Industrial  Classification  Manual  of  the  Department  of  Labour.  Since  there  is  a  difference  in  the  grouping 
of  the  two  industry  divisions — Transportation,  Storage  and  Communication,  and  Public  Utility  Operation,  the  change 
in  these  divisions  can  only  be  recorded  in  the  Grand  Total. 


1688 


TABLE  D-3.— UNFILLED  VACANCIES  AND  LIVE  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EMPLOYMENT, 
BY  OCCUPATION  AND  BY  SEX  AS  AT  SEPTEMBER  3,  1953 11) 

(Source:  Form  U.I.C.  757) 


Occupational  Group 


Professional  and  managerial  workers .  . . 
Clerical  workers 


Sales  worker* 


Personal  and  domestic  service  workers. . 


Seamen. 


Agriculture  and  fishing. 


Skilled  and  semiskilled  workers 

Food    and    kindred    products    (inc. 

tobacco) 

Textiles,  clothing,  etc 

Lumber  and  wood  products 

Pulp,  paper  (inc.  printing) 

Leather  and  leather  products 

Stone,  clay  and  glass  products 

Metalworking 

Electrical 

Transportation  equipment 

Mining 

Construction 

Transportation  (except  seamen) 

Communications  and  public  utility. . . 

Trade  and  service 

Other  skilled  and  semiskilled 

Foremen 

Apprentices 


Unskilled  workers 

Food  and  tobacco 

Lumber  and  lumber  products . 

Metalworking 

Construction 

Other  unskilled  workers 


GRAND  TOTAL. 


Unfilled  Vacancies(2) 


Male 


1,469 

2,047 

1,537 

1,224 

28 

1,547 

10,931 

89 

263 

4,193 

85 

105 

•     38 

1,007 

298 

31 

212 

1,591 


311 

1,410 
60 
190 

5,420 

533 

284 

216 

2,622 

1,765 


24,203 


Female 


810 
4,123 
1,618 
8,273 


58 

3,384 

23 

2,568 

4 

16 

134 

4 

26 
117 


329 

120 

10 

14 

2,055 

589 

25 

93 

5 

1,343 


20,321 


Total 


2,279 

6,170 

3,155 

9,497 

28 

1,605 

14,315 

112 

2,831 

4,197 

101 

239 

42 

1,033 

415 

31 

212 

1,591 

987 

80 

640 

1.530 

70 

204 

7,475 
1,122 
309 
309 
2,627 
3,108 


44,524 


Live  Applications 
for  Employment 


Male 


3,353 

6,413 

2,672 

13,441 

533 

950 

43,943 

543 

2,127 

5,649 

511 

647 

123 

6,155 

687 

532 

1,478 

7,527 

6,766 

205 

1,125 

6,913 

1,542 

1,413 

41,886 

740 

3,451 

3,385 

9,402 

24,908 


113,191 


Female 


932 

13,944 

6,083 

8,068 

2 

217 

11,044 

342 
7,092 
101 
292 
561 

32 
461 
311 

65 


50 

5 

729 

767 
189 
47 

8,344 

1,434 

143 

363 


,404 


48,634 


Total 


4,285 
20,357 

8,755 

21,509 

535 

1,167 
54,987 

885 
9,219 
5,750 

803 
1,208 

155 
6,616 

998 

597 
1,478 
7,527 
6,816 

210 
1,854 
7,680 
1,731 
1,460 

50,230 
2,174 
3,594 
3,748 
9,402 

31,312 


161,825 


0)  Preliminary— subject  to  revision. 

(2)  Current  vacancies  only.    Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 


1689 


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TABLE  D-5. 


APPLICATIONS  RECEIVED  AND  PLACEMENTS  EFFECTED  BY 
EMPLOYMENT    OFFICES 


(Source:  Form  U.I.C.  751) 
1943—1953 


Year 

Applications 

Placements 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Male 

Female 

Total 

1943 

1,681,411 
1,583,010 
1,855,036 
1,464,533 
1,189,646 
1,197,295 
1,295,690 
1,500,763 
1,541,208 
1,781,689 
1,195,669 

1,008,211 
902,273 
661,948 
494,164 
439,577 
459,332 
494,956 
575,813 
623,467 
664,485 
472,294 

2,689,622 
2,485,283 
2,516,984 
1,958,697 
1,629,223 
1,656,627 
1,790,646 
2,076,576 
2,164,675 
2,446,174 
1,667,963 

1,239,900 
1,101,854 
1,095,641 
624,052 
549,376 
497,916 
464,363 
559,882 
655,933 
677,777 
452,495 

704,126 
638,063 
397,940 
235,360 
220,473 
214,424 
219,816 
230,920 
262,305 
302,730 
223,954 

1,944,026 

1944 

1,739,917 

1945 

1946 

1,493,581 
859,412 

1947 

769,849 

1948 

712,340 

1949 

684,179 

1950 

790,802 

1951 

918,238 

1952 

980,507 

1953  (8  months) 

676,449 

1695 


E — Unemployment  Insurance 


TABLE  E-l.— PERSONS  RECEIVING  BENEFIT,  NUMBER  OF  DAYS  BENEFIT  PAID, 

AND  AMOUNT  PAID 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Province 


Newfoundland 

Prince  Edward  Island 

Nova  Scotia 

New  Brunswick 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Manitoba 

Saskatchewan 

Alberta 

British  Columbia 

Total,  Canada,  Aug.,  1953 

Total,  Canada,  July,  1953 

Total,  Canada,  Aug.,  1952 

*  Week  containing  last  day  of  the  month 


Number 
Receiving 
Benefit 
in  Last 
Week  of  the 
Month* 


1,583 
450 

5,635 

4,162 
32,101 
25,378 

3,465 
930 

3,057 
10,006 


87,367 
89,747 
82,740 


Month  of  August,  1953 


Number 

Com- 
mencing 
Benefit 


1,153 

146 

2,749 

1,950 

19,955 

14, 730 

1,175 

296 

1,481 

5,633 


49,268 
49, 164 
46,642 


Days  Bene 
fit  Paid 

(Disability 
Days  in 

Brackets) 


45,494 

(28) 

10,737 
(8) 
139,876 
(430) 
104,346 
(305) 
835,686 
(2,096) 

594,908 
(1,862) 

83,970 
(436) 

22,598 
(109) 

65, 898 
(211) 
234,711 
(967) 


2,138,224 

(6,452) 

2,383,416 

2,150,173 


Amount 

of 

Benefit 

Paid 


$ 

148, 168 

30,145 
449,232 
319,686 
425,115 
791,391 
235,320 

64,315 
209,450 
736,005 


6,408,827 
7,148,024 
6,238,800 


TABLE  E-2.— ORDINARY  CLAIMANTS  ON  THE  LIVE  UNEMPLOYMENT  REGISTER 

AT  AUGUST  31,  1953,  BY  DURATION  ON  THE  REGISTER,  SEX  AND  PROVINCE, 

AND  SHOWING  NUMBER  OF  DISABILITY  CASES  (*)  INCLUDED  IN  TOTAL 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Province  and  Sex 

Total 

(Disability 

Cases  in 

Brackets) 

6  days 

and 
under 

7-12 
days 

13-24 
days 

25-48 
days 

49-72 
days 

73  days 
and  over 

Total 

Newfoundland 

2,399      (7) 

2,164      (1) 

235      (6) 

565      (1) 

399      (1) 

166      (-) 

7,399     (22) 

6,364     (18) 

1,035       (4) 

5,658     (34) 

4,662     (27) 

996      (7) 

43,032  (207) 

29,427  (119) 

13,605     (88) 

31,222  (163) 

21,193  (118) 

10,029     (45) 

4,028     (34) 

2,086     (23) 

1,942     (11) 

1,134     (10) 

605      (7) 

529      (3) 

2,694     (12) 

1,762     (11) 

932      (1) 

13,156     (61) 

9,829     (43) 

3,327     (18) 

525 

479 

46 

113 

90 

23 

1,516 

1,343 

173 

1,164 

1,005 

159 

9,827 

7,414 

2,413 

8,114 

5.946 

2,168 

864 

391 

473 

184 

81 

103 

532 

325 

207 

3,343 

2,625 

718 

191 

166 

25 

34 

23 

11 

568 

483 

85 

521 

441 

80 

4,421 

3,057 

1,364 

2,915 

2,046 

869 

288 

146 

142 

115 

54 

61 

221 

127 

94 

1,292 

1,072 

220 

345 

321 

24 

68 

47 

21 

979 

814 

165 

761 

649 

112 

6,042 

4,216 

1,826 

3,725 

2,537 

1,188 

446 

198 

248 

138 

55 

83 

342 

200 

142 

1,892 

.  1,525 

367 

546 

509 

37 

135 

83 

52 

1,322 

1,128 

194 

1,146 

969 

177 

7,810 

5,257 

2,553 

5,017 

3,259 

1,758 

661 

313 

348 

206 

100 

106 

423 

264 

159 

2,115 

1,496 

619 

323 

300 

23 

87 

64 

23 

1,550 

1,444 

106 

744 

602 

142 

5,402 

3,439 

1,963 

3,133 

1,900 

1,233 

376 

196 

180 

119 

66 

53 

235 

138 

97 

1,199 

857 

342 

469 

389 

80 

128 

92 

36 

1,464 

1,152 

312 

1,322 

996 

326 

9,530 

6,044 

3,486 

8.31S 

5,505 

2,813 

1,393 

842 

551 

372 

249 

123 

941 

70S 

233 

3,315 

2,254 

1,061 

1,592 

Male 

1,433 

159 

Prince  Edward  Island 

Male 

337 
218 

119 

Nova  Scotia 

4.8S9 

Male 

4,039 

850 

4,886 

Male 

3,942 

944 

31,909 

Male 

20,909 

11,000 

30,062 

Male 

19,171 

10,891 

Manitoba 

4,273 

Male 

2,332 

1,941 

Saskatchewan 

1,159 

Male 

596 

563 

2,297 

Male 

1,539 

758 

20,576 

Male 

16,967 

Female 

3,609 

Total 

111,287  (551) 
78,491  (368) 
32,796  (183) 

26,182 
19,699 
6,483 

10,566 
7,615 
2,951 

14.73S 
10,562 
4,170 

19,381 
13,378 
6,003 

13,168 
9,006 
4,162 

27,252 
18,231 

9,021 

101, 9S0 

Male 

71,148 

Female 

Includes  short-time  and  temporary  lay -off  claimants. 


1696 


TABLE  E-3.— INITIAL  AND  RENEWAL  CLAIMS  FOR  BENEFIT  BY  PROVINCES, 

AUGUST,  1953 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Claims  filed  at  Local  Offices 

Disposal  of  Claims  (including  claims 
pending  from  previous  months) 

Province 

Total 

Initial 

Renewal 

Total 

Disposed 

of 

Entitled 

to 
Benefit 

Not  En- 
titled to 
Benefit 

Pending 

1,194 

224 

4,031 

2, 78S 

25,530 

24,937 

1,941 

572 

2,430 

10,405 

865 

151 

2,251 

1,613 

15,601 

15,749 

1,247 

392 

1,185 

5,635 

329 

73 

1,780 

1,175 

9,929 

9,188 

694 

180 

1,245 

4,770 

1,259 

222 

4,123 

2,861 

26,928 

24,084 

1,854 

548 

2,411 

9,972 

850 

166 

3,205 

2,179 

19,637 

15,958 

1,291 

369 

1,835 

7,673 

409 

56 

918 

682 

7,291 

8,126 

563 

179 

576 

2,299 

467 

53 

1,023 

667 

7,437 

6,467 

301 

111 

Alberta 

377 

2,103 

Total,  Canada,  August,  1953 

* 
74,052 

44,689 

29,363 

t 
74,262 

53,163 

21,099 

19,006 

Total,  Canada,  July,  1953 

75,869 

45,513 

30,356 

78,371 

55,776 

22,595 

19,216 

Total,  Canada,  August,  1952 

61,038 

35,156 

25,882 

68, 146 

50,537 

17,609 

13,614 

*  In  addition,  revised  claims  received  numbered  12,741.  fin  addition,  12,643  revised  claims  were  disposed  of. 
Of  these,  849  were  special  requests  not  granted,  and  731  were  appeals  by  claimants.  There  were  1,539  revised  claims 
pending  at  the  end  of  the  month. 


TABLE  E-4.— CLAIMANTS  NOT  ENTITLED  TO  BENEFIT,  WITH  CHIEF 
REASONS  FOR  NON-ENTITLEMENT 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.BrS. 


Chief  Reasons  for  Non-Entitlement 

Month 

of 

August, 

1953 

Month 

of 
July, 
1953 

Month 

of 

August, 

1952 

7,179 

9,754 

1,555 

78 

996 

646 

4,285 

1,009 

1,311 

7,344 

11,276 
1,807 

152 
1,005 

638 
4,623 

911 
1,213 

5,447 

Claimants  Disqualified* — 

5,933 

1,421 

1,508 

1,105 

Discharged  for  misconduct 

582 
4,265 

Failure  to  fulfil  additional  conditions  imposed  upon  certain  married  women 

907 
1,015 

Total 

26,813 

28,969 

22,183 

*  Includes  5,714  revised  claims,  disqualified. 

t  These  include:  Claims  not  made  in  prescribed  manner;  failure  to  carry  out  written  directions;  claimants  being 
inmates  of  prisons,  etc. 


TABLE  E-5.— ESTIMATES  OF  THE  INSURED  POPULATION  UNDER  THE 
UNEMPLOYMENT  INSURANCE  ACT 

Source:  Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


At  Beginning  of  Month: 


1953- 

July 

June 

May 

April 

March 

February.. 
January.. .. 

1952— 

December 
November 
October.  .. 

September 

August 

July 


Total 


3,185,000 
3,153,000 
3,166,000 
3,278,000 
3,280,000 
3,283,000 
3,286,000 


3,241,000 
3,186,000 
3,171,000 
3,151,000 
3,132,000 
3,097,000 


Employed 


3,065,200 
3,009,900 
2,950,800 
2,917,900 
2,916,800 
2,928,300 
3,007,400 


3,079,100 
3,074,500 
3,078,400 
3,049,000 
3,019,400 
2,974,300 


Claimants* 


119,800 

143,100 

215,200 

360, lOOt 

363,200t 

354, 700 t 

278,6001 


161,900 
111,500 
92,600 
102,000 
112,600 
122,700 


*  Ordinary  claimants  on  the  live  unemployment  register  on  the  last  working  day  of  the  preceding  month. 
t  Includes  supplementary  benefit  claimants. 


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1698 


F — Prices 

TABLE  F-l.— INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  THE  COST  OF  LIVING  IN  CANADA 

Prices  as  at  the  beginning  of  each  Month 
(Calculated  by  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics) 


Percent- 
age 
Increase 

since 

August  1, 

1939 

On  base  of 

average  prices  in  1935-39  at  100 

* 

— 

Total 

Food 

Rent 

Fuel 
and 
Light 

Clothing 

Home 
Furnish- 
ings and 
Services 

Miscel- 
laneous 

Retail 
Prices 
Index 
(Com- 
modities 
only)| 

1914 

79-7 
121-7 

94-4 
101-5 
119-5 
123-6 
135-5 
155-0 
160-8 

161-0 
161-6 
163-7 
164-0 
164-0 
165-4 
167-5 
168-5 
169-8 
170-7 
170-7 
171-1 

172-5 
175-2 
179-7 
181-8 
182-0 
184-1 
187-6 
188-9 
189-8 
190-4 
191-2 
191-1 

191-5 
190-8 
189-1 
188-7 
186-7 
187-3 
188-0 
187-6 
186-5 
185-0 
184-8 
184-2 

184-4 
184-9 
184-2 
183-9 
183-6 
184-8 
186-0 
186-4 
186-3 

92-2 
134-7 

84-9 
100-6 
133-0 
140-4 
159-5 
195-5 
203-0 

199-4 
201-3 
204-0 
204-5 
204-6 
209-0 
214-3 
216-7 
218-8 
220-1 
218-6 
218-8 

220-2 
224-4 
233-9 
238-4 
235-4 
239-8 
249-7 
251-4 
251-1 
249-7 
250-2 
249-3 

250-0 
248-1 
241-7 
240-2 
235-3 
237-0 
239-5 
238-0 
234-2 
229-3 
229-0 
226-1 

226-2 
227-4 
225-7 
223-5 
222-8 
225-7 
229-2 
229-5 
228-6 

72-1 
119-7 

98-6 
103-8 
112-1 
112-7 
116-7 
120-7 
123-0 

1250 
125-0 
132-7 
132-7 
132-7 
132-7 
134-9 
134-9 
135-5 
135-5 
136-4 
136-4 

136-4 
136-4 
137-6 
137-6 
137-6 
139-8 
139-8 
139-8 
142-7 
142-7 
144-8 
144-8 

144-8 
144-8 
146-3 
146-3 
146-3 
147-9 
147-9 
147-9 
148-9 
148-9 
148-9 
149-9 

150-2 
150-5 
150-7 
150-9 
1510 
152-5 
152-9 
153-3 
153-4 

75-1 
112-6 
102-5 
101-2 
107-0 
107-4 
115-9 
124-8 
131-1 

135-6 
135-9 
136-3 
138-0 
137-5 
137-1 
137-7 
138-4 
140-8 
141-0 
140-6 
140-7 

141-5 
141-7 
146-5 
146-7 
146-2 
146-2 
147-2 
148-2 
149-5 
150-2 
150-8 
150-8 

151-2 
151-3 
152-5 
152-5 
150-6 
149-8 
149-8 
150-1 
150-3 
150-9 
151-1 
152-7 

153-9 
154-3 
154-4 
155-5 
153-2 
152-6 
153-5 
153-6 
153-9 

88-3 
134-8 

93-3 
100-7 
122-1 
126-3 
143-9 
174-4 
183-1 

183-3 
183-0 
181-4 
181-2 
180-8 
180-7 
180-7 
180-9 
182-3 
183-5 
184-5 
184-9 

187-1 
192-4 
196-3 
198-8 
201-5 
202-5 
202-9 
204-6 
206-9 
213-8 
214-6 
215-5 

215-3 
213-0 
211-2 
210-4 
210-1 
209-3 
209-1 
208-6 
207-7 
206-7 
205-5 
205-4 

205-3 
205-2 
205-5 
205-5 
206-3 
206-4 
206-5 
206-7 
207-0 

69 
105 

98 
101-4 
119-0 
124-5 
141-6 
162-6 
167-6 

167-0 
166-4 
166-3 

166-4 
166-4 
166-9 
166-9 
168-9 
171-1 
172-7 
174-8 
176-4 

179-8 
185-1 
188-6 
190-7 
194-9 
197-1 
196-4 
199-0 
199-1 
200-1 
199-9 
200-6 

201-1 
200-1 
200-8 
200-5 
198-2 
197-2 
196-7 
196-0 
195-8 
195-9 
195-5 
195-3 

196-0 
191-1 
196-3 
196-8 
196-2 
196-2 
196-0 
195-9 
196-0 

6 

0 
•2 

101-4 
109-4 
112-6 
117-0 
123-4 
128-8 

131-6 
132-1 
132-1 
132-3 
132-3 
132-4 
132-5 
132-5 
132-8 
133-3 
133-4 
134-1 

135-8 
137-0 
137-8 
138-8 
140-7 
144-0 
142-2 
143-7 
144-0 
144-3 
144-9 
144-9 

145-7 
146-5 
146-9 
147-9 
147-4 
147-4 
147-4 
147-8 
147-8 
148-5 
148-8 
148-8 

148-9 
149-0 
147-9 
148-7 
149-0 
149-0 
149-2 
150-0 
150-2 

1929 

1933. . . 

1939 

101-0 

1945 

18  6 

22-6 
34-4 

53-8 
59-8 

59-7 
60-3 
62-4 
62-7 
62  7 
641 
66  2 
67-2 
68-5 
69  3 
60  3 
69-7 

711 

73-8 
78-3 
80-4 
80-6 
82-6 
86-1 
87-4 
88-3 
88-9 
89-7 
89-6 

90  0 

89-3 
87-6 
87-2 
85-2 
85-8 
86-5 
86-1 
850 
83-5 
83-3 
82-7 

829 
83  4 

82-7 
82-4 
82-1 
83-3 
84-5 
84-9 
84-8 

126-2 

1946 

132-1 

1947 

1948 

1949 

1950 

148-8 
177-4 
184-8 

183-8 

184-7 

March 

185-8 

April 

May 

186-2 
186-1 

June 

July 

188-3 
191-0 

August 

September 

192-4 
194-3 
195-5 

195- 1 

195-6 

1951 

197-3 

February 

March 

201-4 
207-9 

211-2 

May 

211-3 

June 

214-0 

July 

219-6 

August 

221-1 

221-6 

October 

222-4 

233-0 

December 

222-7 

1952 

January 

February 

March 

April 

223-1 
221-6 
218-3 
217-5 

May 

2140 

June 

214-5 

July 

215-7 

August 

214-8 

September 

212-7 

October 

210-1 

November 

209-7 

December 

208-4 

1953 

208-6 
209-2 

March 

208  0 

April 

207  0 

206-5 

207-9 

July 

209-7 

210-1 

September 

209-8 

*  For  the  period  1914  to  1934  the  former  series  on  the  bases  1926  =  100  was  converted  to  the  bases  1935-39  =  100. 
t  Commodities  in  the  cost-of-living  index  excluding  rents  and  services. 


1699 


80153—9 


TABLE  F-la.— TOTAL  AND  MAIN  COMPONENTS  OF  THE  CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX 
FROM  JANUARY  1949  TO  OCTOBER  1953 

(1949  =  100) 
Calculated  by  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


Total 


Food 


Shelter 


Clothing 


Household 
Operation 


Other 
Commo- 
dities and 
Services 


1949— January .  . . 
February.. 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September, 
October . . . 
November 
December. 

Year 

1950 — January.. . 
February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August. . . . 
September 
October. . . 
November 
December. 

Year 

1951— January.. . 
February.. 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 
September 
October . . . 
November 
December. 

Year 

1952— January.. . 
February.. 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 
September. 
October . . . 
November 
December. 

1953 — January . . . 
February.. 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 
October. . . 


100 
100 

100 
100 
101 
100 

100 

100 

100 
100 
101 
101 
101 
102 
103 
104 
105 
106 
10G 

102 

107 
109 
110 

111 
112 
113 

111 
115 
110 
117 
117 
lis 

113 

118 

117 
110 

no 

115 

no 
116 
116 

110 
110 

lit; 

115 

115 
115 
114 
111 
114 
111 
115 
115 
110 
110 


99 


99 
99 
99 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
101 

100 

101 
101 
104 

104 
105 
105 
107 
107 
10S 
109 
109 
109 

10G 

110 
110 
111 
111 
112 
115 
115 
114 
117 
117 
lis 
118 

114 

11s 
lis 
119 
119 
119 
120 
1 20 
120 
121 
121 
121 
122 

122 
122 
122 
122 
122 
123 
123 
124 
124 
124 


100 


99 
100 
101 
101 

99 

102 
105 
106 
108 
109 
109 
109 
110 
111 
114 
114 
115 

109 

114 
113 

112 
112 
112 
111 
111 
111 
110 
10!) 
109 
109 

109 
109 
109 
109 
110 
110 
110 
110 
110 
110 


99 
100 
100 
100 

100 

100 
100 
100 
101 
101 
101 
101 
102 
103 
104 
105 
105 

102 

107 
108 
110 
111 
112 
113 
114 
115 
115 
115 
115 
116 

113 

116 
116 
116 
116 
116 
115 
115 
115 
116 
116 
115 
116 

116 
116 
116 
116 
116 
116 
117 
117 
117 
117 


1700 


TABLE  F-2.— INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  THE  COST  OF  LIVING  FOR  NINE  CITIES  OF 
CANADA  AT  THE  BEGINNING  OF  SEPTEMBER,  1953 

(August  1939  =  100) 

Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


Fuel 

Food 

Rent 

Fuel 

Clothing 

Home 
Furnish- 
ings 
Services 

Miscel- 
laneous 

Sept.  1, 
1952 

Aug.  1, 
1953 

Sept.  1, 
1953 

(i)  St.  John's,  Nfld.. 

103-6 
176-7 
183-9 
191-7 
183-3 
179-0 
182-7 
177-7 
189-0 

102-9 
175-6 
183-8 
191-8 
183-7 
178-6 
185-5 
179-8 
188-0 

102-8 
175-0 
182-9 
191-0 
183-9 
178-1 
184-9 
179-6 
188-2 

101-4 
220-5 
221-5 
243-3 
218-7 
228-2 
240-0 
236-1 
233-9 

107-3 
128-5 
134-5 
155-7 
162-8 
137-7 
136-8 
130-1 
140-1 

108-1 
155-8 
152-8 
144-5 
178-5 
135-0 
162-2 
124-3 
174-3 

101-9 
222-3 
229-3 
194-7 
207-8 
204-2 
218-0 
213-7 
217-4 

101-1 
187-9 
189-6 
203-6 
189-0 
196-7 
204-1 
191-7 
195-0 

101-5 

140-3 

152-5 

144-9 

149-2 

142-2 

134-3 

145-9 

154-4 

N.B.— Indexes  above  measure  percentage  changes  in  living  costs  for  each  city,  but  should  not  be  used  to  compare 
actual  levels  of  living  costs  as  between  cities. 

(!)  St.  John's  Index  on  the  base  June,  1951  =  100. 


TABLE  F-3.— INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  STAPLE  FOOD  ITEMS 

(Base— August  1939=100) 

Dominion  Average  Retail  Price  Relatives  with  Dominion  Averages  of  Actual  Retail  Prices  for  Latest  Month 

Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


'Commodities 


Per 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

1941 

1945 

1950 

1951 

1952 

1953 

1953 

lb. 

120-7 

154-8 

331-4 

385-2 

340-1 

293-5 

291-0 

lb. 

125-7 

167-9 

368-3 

428-0 

379-6 

322-9 

318-7 

lb. 

132-7 

162-3 

394-8 

486-4 

396-6 

335-7 

328-2 

lb. 

136-7 

168-3 

444-6 

562-0 

463-6 

394-9 

388-9 

lb. 

109-9 

152-8 

300-8 

347-4 

320-0 

310-3 

286-9 

lb. 

125-3 

143-8 

255-6 

310-1 

234-8 

279-6 

284-9 

lb. 

127-0 

143-4 

301-2 

346-4 

267-5 

292-5 

298-4 

lib. 

132-3 

142-5 

223-5 

233-4 

174-0 

246-5 

269-4 

lb. 

151-3 

159-6 

241-4 

263-0 

144-4 

188-6 

222-6 

lb. 

134-7 

137-5 

229-9 

259-0 

207-7 

204-9 

205-6 

doz. 

156-4 

181-3 

206-9 

269-4 

224-0 

256-6 

258-8 

qt. 

111-0 

95-4 

166-1 

178-9 

191-7 

191-7 

191-7 

lb. 

140-5 

148-0 

215-0 

253-6 

231-2 

232-3 

231-9 

pkg. 

174-6 

165-4 

225-2 

254-3 

261-8 

261-0 

259-5 

lb. 

106-5 

106-3 

176-1 

188-6 

191-8 

204-1 

204-1 

lb. 

127-3 

124-2 

221-2 

227-2 

224-3 

239-0 

239-0 

Pkg. 

101-1 

100-0 

165-2 

184-6 

195-4 

196-5 

196-5 

tin 

129-9 

137-7 

171-6 

246-5 

296-7 

242-7 

238-9 

tin 

117-5 

121-7 

144-9 

161-8 

171-2 

176-0 

176-8 

tin 

128-3 

132-7 

169-4 

177-5 

193-8 

178-9 

178-9 

lb. 

108-2 

126-5 

161-3 

156-8 

217-0 

184-0 

164-7 

10  lbs. 

.      89-9 

149-4 

148-6 

156-5 

291-9 

183-9 

151-0 

lb. 

115-8 

120-2 

209-5 

252-9 

235-5 

243-2 

244-0 

lb. 

104-0 

108-6 

133-2 

173-9 

171-9 

167-2 

167-2 

doz. 

132-5 

154-3 

142-2 

140-2 

130-3 

124-8 

121-6 

jar 

111-3 

115-1 

157-9 

166-6 

159-5 

152-4 

153-5 

tin 

101-5 

106-1 

141-6 

155-3 

153-4 

145-3 

144-6 

lb. 

132-3 

132-3 

188-6 

205-8 

179-0 

166-2 

166-2 

lb. 

141-6 

131-7 

289-7 

315-3 

308-6 

310-9 

312-4 

pkg. 

145-2 

131-6 

181-7 

185-8 

187-2 

175-5 

175-8 

Price 
Sept. 
1953 


Beef,  sirloin  steak 

Beef,  round  steak 

Beef,  blade 

Beef,  stewing,  boneless 

Lamb,  leg  roast 

Pork,  fresh  loin,  centre-cut 

Pork,  fresh  shoulder,  hock-off 

Bacon,  side  fancy,  sliced,  rind-off.. . 

Lard,  pure,  package 

Shortening,  package 

Eggs,  Grade  "A",  large,  carton 

Milk 

Butter,  creamery,  prints 

Cheese,  plain,  processed,  i  lb 

Bread,  plain,  white,  wrapped,  sliced 

Flour,  all-purpose 

Corn  Flakes,  8  oz 

Tomatoes,  canned,  2j's 

Peas,  20  oz 

Corn,  Cream,  choice,  20  oz 

Onions,  cooking 

Potatoes,  No.  1,  table 

Prunes,  pkg 

Raisins,  seedless,  bulk  or  in  bag 

Oranges,  California 

Jam,  Strawberry,  16  oz 

Peaches,  15  oz 

Sugar,  granulated,  bulk  or  in  bag. . . 

Coffee,  medium  quality,  in  bag 

Tea,  black,  §  lb 


80-5 
74-8 
52-3 
52-6 
82-1 
76-3 

56-1 
49-4 
24-2 
29-3 
80-9 
21-1 

63-3 
34-4 
13-3 
8-1 
18-1 
25-2 

22-0 
19-1 
8-5 
34-4 
28-7 
24-9 

33-3 
25-8 
21-4 
10-4 
106-9 
50-6 


•Descriptions  and  Units  of  Sale  Apply  to  September  1953  Prices. 


80153—9* 


1701 


TABLE  F-4.— RETAIL  PRICES  OF  STAPLE 

Source:  Dominion 


Locality 


Beef 


c  - 
o  ft 


a)  ST* 

3 


3.D 

o3  a 

w 


Pork 


'S-^" «- 


2*  ■ 

-    <B^ 

*?  o  a> 
£  S  ft 


>>   - 
§««    . 

«  ?  M 
3  co  ft 


Newfoundland— 

1— St.  John's .  .  . 


P.E.I. 


-Charlottetown . 


Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax. 

4— Sydney. 


New  Brunswick- 

5 — Moncton ... 


6 — Saint  John 

Quebec— 

7 — Chicoutimi 


8-Hull 

9— Montreal 

10 — Quebec 

11— Sherbrooke  ... 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers 


Ontario— 

14— Brantford. 


15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William 

17— Hamilton 

18— KirklandLake.. 

19— London 

20— North  Bay 

21— Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— SaultSte.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27— Winnipeg . 


Saskatchewan— 

28— Regina 


29— Saskatoon . 


Alberta— 

30— Calgary . 


31— Edmonton. 


British  Columbia- 

32— Prince  Rupert 


33— Trail 

34— Vancouver. 
35— Victoria.. . 


cts. 
103-0 


85-0 
79-6 

79-8 
83-0 

96-2 
73-5 
93-3 
88-9 
85-6 
88-0 
93-7 

75-6 
75-0 
78-6 
81-4 
76-8 
79-0 
73-3 
74-2 
76-4 
76-6 
72-2 
81-8 
741 


76-5 
74-4 

79-2 
72-2 

86-5 
86-1 
91-8 
92-8 


73-0 

75-4 
73-9 

71-5 

75-8 

96-0 

71-8 
88-0 
83-2 
78-0 
80-8 
84-0 

71-3 
73-2 
76-1 
75-6 
74-2 
75-6 
72-3 
73-9 
71-0 
75-3 
71-9 
77-1 
70-6 

71 -S 

70-3 
71-9 

72-9 
68-0 

80-0 


cts. 
a 


57-5 

El 

50-5 

El 

54-1 

51-3 
55-2 

64-6 

48-1 
a 

50-9 
a 

44-5 
a 

52-0 
a 

56-7 

44-1 

56-3 
a 

44-0 
a 

56-0 

52-5 
a 
51-5 

47-7 

50-2 

47-7 

50-1 
a 

53-4 
a 

51-7 
a 

54-3 
a 

48-7 

53-6 

a 

53-7 
a 

52-7 

62-4 
a 
46-7 

a  • 

61-0 
a 

61-2 

59-9 


cts. 
a 
51-3 


50-8 

52-5 
57-0 

47-3 
53-5 

52-4 
50-1 
55-2 
44-7 
53-3 
47-0 
42-6 

52-9 
510 
57-2 
53-7 
50-8 
50-5 
49-1 
49-0 
51-6 
58-7 
50-7 
50-6 
56-1 

52-7 

54-2 
59-2 

56-2 
52-5 

63  0 
64-8 
57-9 
60-2 


cts. 
63-7 

47-2 

48-9 
52-3 

43-8 
48-6 

52-3 
41-5 
43-5 
48-5 
41-9 
45-6 
40-5 

42-9 
40-4 
49-6 
44-3 
44-5 
43-8 
45-2 
43-0 
38-7 
18-7 
43-3 
42-9 
44-2 

47-6 

43-6 

47-6 

41-3 
45-0 

48-0 

50-9 
54-5 


78-6 

82-6 

78-7 

79-2 
81-1 

75-8 
76-0 
76-6 
67-4 
74-0 
67-4 
71-9 

77-4 
74-8 
75  3 
82-9 
79-8 
78-6 
76-3 
76-9 
79-7 
77-4 
72-1 
78-1 
78-1 

72-1 

73  2 

69-0 

68-9 
64-7 

80-0 
74-7 

82-2 
82-9 


cts. 
74-3 


57-0 
59-2 

57-2 
56-3 

69-4 
56-1 
56-2 
54-1 
570 
48-0 
57-0 

55-8 
56-6 


51-5 
d 
62-2 

53-2 

50-8 

45-9 

52-2 

61-3 
d 
57-2 

48-2 
d 
53-8 


57-0 


58-9 
49-5 


64-0 
i 

64-9 

59-9 


48-8 

44-2 

56-1 
48-7 

52-2 
53-1 

42-8 
49-0 
49-9 
46-1 
47-2 
44-8 
47-1 

50-7 
48-6 
48-1 
52-3 
540 
52-3 
51-3 
50-9 
51-5 
49-7 
45-7 
52-3 
51-5 

49-1 

46-5 

47-0 

44-8 
460 

47-9 
44-7 
48-6 
48-1 


1702 


FOODS  AND  COAL  BY  CITIES,  SEPTEMBER,  1953 

Bureau  of  Statistics 


Locality 


03'-' 

si 


o  ft 


^3  ^ 
F  o 


c  o 
O 


CO 


•e-a 


-3.5 
.  o 

Sft 


W)— < 


W3-E 

a- 
g| 
(->  ft 
w.« 
|| 

3  bO 

pq 
cts. 
75-3 

65-9 

65-8 
66-9 

65-6 
67-0 

59-7 
60-6 
60-7 
61-7 
59-7 
59-6 
59-6 

62-0 
61-5 
62-8 
63-3 
64-0 
62-9 
64-8 
62-2 
62-0 
64-0 
63-0 
63-2 
63-0 

62-2 

61-2 
62-1 

62-1 
64-0 

65-9 
63-7 
64-8 
65-8 


Newfoundland— 

1— St.  John's. . . 


P.E.I.— 

2 — Charlottetown . 


Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax.. 


4— Sydney. 


New  Brunswick— 

5 — Moncton 


6 — Saint  John. 


Quebec— 

7— Chicoutimi . 


8— Hull 

9— Montreal 

10— Quebec 

11 — Sherbrooke. . . 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers. 

Ontario— 

14— Brantford 


15— Cornwall 

16— Fort  William 

17 — Hamilton 

18— Kirkland  Lake.  . 

19 — London 

20— North  Bay 

21— Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27— Winnipeg . 


Saskatchewan— 

28— Regina 


29— Saskatoon . 


Alberta— 

30— Calgary 


31 — Edmonton 

British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert. 


74-7 

74-5 
71-9 

77-3 

78-6 

101-7 


81-8 
81-6 
79-5 
89-3 
78-0 


83-0 
92-6 
81-0 
89-0 
85-8 


79-7 
83-6 
78-3 

79-6 


33— Trail 

34 — Vancouver. 
35 — Victoria . . . 


81-0 

76-3 

94-0 
97-2 
84-1 


9-1 

8-9 

8-3 

7-7 
7-9 
7-7 
8-0 
7-8 
7-8 

8-0 
8-0 
7-9 
8-2 
8-7 
7-8 
8-3 
7-6 
8-1 
8-4 
8-6 
7-9 
8-3 

7-7 

8-0 

7-9 

7-7 
7-9 

8-8 
7-9 
7-9 
7-9 


cts. 

12-7 

14-4 

12-8 
14-0 

.  13-3 
13-3 

160 
12-7 
12-7 
12-5 
13-1 
12-7 
11-7 

12-7 
12-7 
14-0 
12-7 
12-0 
12-7 
13-0 
12-7 
12-7 
13-3 
13-3 
12-7 
12-7 

15-0 

14  4 
13-6 

14-4 
14-4 

15-0 
17-0 
16-0 
16-0 


cts. 

20-8 

19-2 

18-4 
19-4 

18-5 
18-9 

19-3 
17-5 
17-3 
17-9 
17-3 
17-8 
17-4 

17-5 
18-2 
19-0 
17-6 
18-8 
17-4 
19-4 
17-4 
17-5 
19-2 
18-5 
17-4 
17-9 

17-7 

18-5 
17-7 

18-2 
17-9 

18-6 
18-3 
17-7 
17-7 


cts. 
11-1 

10-3 

9-6 
10-5 

10-0 
9-9 

10-1 
9-7 
9-4 
9-5 
9-3 
9-6 

10-2 

9-8 
10-0 
10-4 
10-0 
11-2 

9-8 
11-2 

9-7 

9-9 
10-7 
11-0 

9-4 
10-0 

11-6 

12-7 
13-9 

11-9 
11-8 

11-1 
11-7 
9-6 
10-0 


52-4 

50-7 

49-9 

50-9 

49-3 

55-4 
47-4 
49-1 
50-1 
51-1 
46-9 
49-9 

44-6 

46-6 

52-8 

45-4 

53-0 

44-6 

49-2 

46-0 

48-9 

49-4 

49-0 

43-9 

47-5 

b 
67-3 

b 

64-2 
b 
61-6 

fc 

59-9 
fc 

62-8 

t 

62-2 
t 

62-9 
t 

56-9 
t 

58-0 


cts. 
f 
97- 


76-0 


83-0 


g 


82-7 
80-2 

82-1 

81-4 

"82-8 
S 

78-2 
g 

82-6 

g 

81-8 
g 

82-8 

77-7 
g 
84-6 

88-0 

g 

77-6 
g 

85-8 
g 

82-8 

86-4 
83-8 
84-8 
=82-7 
'83-0 

I 

74-8 

71-2 
°70-2 


72-5 

79-5 

'81-0 
I 

74-1 

79-1 


cts. 
h 
32-0 


17-0 

20-5 
22  0 

20-0 
21-0 

20-0 
22-0 
20-0 
20-0 
20-0 
19-0 
19-0 

21-0 
20-0 
23-0 
22-0 
25-0 
21-0 
22-0 
21-0 
21-8 
23-0 
23-0 
22-0 
22-0 

20-0 

19-0 
20-5 

21-0 
20-0 

31-0 
25-0 
21-8 
24-0 


1703 


TABLE  F-4. 


RETAIL  PRICES  OF  STAPLE 

Source:  Dominion 


Locality 


(DOh 
Qj    U    <D 

j3  aa 
U 

u 
a> 
p. 

ft 

I- 

cts. 

cts. 

36-0 

33-1 

37-0 

35-2 

39-6 

36-7 

37-6 

35-1 

38-1 

35-7 

39-1 

36-6 

32-7 

34-2 

34-5 

34-8 

33-6 

34-1 

32-3 

39-5 

34-0 

38-4 

35-3 

40-5 

33-8 

39-7 

35-0 

39-0 

32-8 

39-0 

35-4 

39-7 

33-0 

39-9 

33-4 

39-3 

35-1 

39-4 

34-2 

38-2' 

33-2 

39-6 

34-5 

39-7 

34-8 

41-1 

35-2 

40-7 

34-2 

40-9 

33-3 

40-3 

34-6 

41-9 

37-2 

40-5 

35-8 

40-1 

35-1 

39-8 

36-0 

39-5 

<u  bo 

H.ft 

a- 


c  «  t> 

o 


1  -I 

jga 

III 

ft 


Canned  Vegetables 


pi 
IIS 


Newfoundland 

1— St.  John's. 


P.E.I.— 

2— Charlottetown . 


Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax . 


4— Sydney. 


New  Brunswick- 

5— Moncton 


6 — Saint  John . 


Quebec— 

7— Chicoutimi . 


8-Hull 

9— Montreal 

10 — Quebec 

11— Sherbrooke. . . 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers . 

Ontario— 

14 — Brantford 


15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William... 

17— Hamilton 

18— Kirkland  Lake.. 

19 — London 

20— North  Bay 

21— Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie . 

24— Sudbury 

2^— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba — 

27— Winnipeg. 


Saskatchewan— 

28— Regina 


29 — Saskatoon . 


Alberta— 

30— Calgary. 


31— Edmonton. 


British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert. 


33— Trail 

34 — Vancouver. 
35— Victoria.  .  . 


cts. 


24-5 

25-1 
24-2 

26-6 
26-5 

23-7 
25-2 
23-6 
26-7 
22-2 
24-6 
20-8 

22-4 
24-6 
24-9 
24-5 
24-0 
26-8 
25-2 
24-3 
25-4 
25-4 
25-4 
25-2 
24-7 

25-2 

19-4 
21-4 

20-7 
21-8 

23-9 
22-0 
23-8 
25-5 


cts. 
34-1 


28-2 

24-9 
26-1 

25-7 

25-8 

27-1 
25-5 
26-0 
25-9 
24-8 
26-1 
25-2 

24-2 
25-3 
24-6 
24-6 
26-4 
25-6 
32-8 
24-0 
25-2 
26-2 
26-0 
23-8 
25-6 

24-7 

25-1 
24-8 

24-4 
24-2 

26-5 


23-9 
23-0 


cts. 
18-1 

19-3 

17-8 
19-6 

17-4 
17-5 

18-8 
17-1 
17-2 
17-7 
17-4 
17-0 
18-3 

17-4 
16-9 
18-8 
17-5 
19-2 
17-5 
18-4 
17-5 
17-7 
17-7 
18-5 
17-7 
18-4 

18-0 

19-2 
19-5 

18-6 
18-9 

21-9 
21-4 
18-0 
17-2 


cts. 
g 
50-1 


20-1 

21-5 
23-1 

22-1 

20-8 


20-8 
19-9 
20-3 
19-9 
22-4 
22-3 

21-0 
19-9 
20-8 
20-2 
22-1 
19-8 


20-0 
21-7 


20-1 
21-3 

22-0 

23-6 
23-0 

22-5 
21  -5 

23-9 
24-1 
22-0 
20-4 


cts. 
31-7 

28-6 

27-1 
27-8 

25-6 
24-9 

24-7 
20-9 
22-0 
23-9 
21-8 
23-8 
22-6 

24-5 
23-5 
25-0 
24-1 
24-3 
24-7 
25-0 
23 -8 
23-0 
24-6 
22-7 
23-2 
22-0 

25-5 

28-5 

27-9 

29-7 
28-2 

33-1 

31-3 
28-6 
29-1 


cts. 
25-5 

22-4 

23-9 
23-2 

23-6 
23-8 

23-2 
20-8 
22-1 
20-7 
21-7 
19-2 
21-4 

20-9 
19-6 
22-3 
21-2 


21-4 

22-7 

20-8 

22-0 

22-3 

22-5 

21-1 
m 
16-6 

m 
18-4 

22-7 
231 

21-6 
22-3 

m 

20-9 
m 

20-0 
m 

15-8 
m 

18-8 


Above  food  prices  are  simple  averages  of  prices 
averages  for  earlier  years.       Changes  in  grading, 
with  bone-in.        (c)  Including  cuts  with  hock-on 

1704 


reported.      They  are  not  perfectly  comparable  in  all  cases  with  price 

trade  practices,  etc.,  occur  from  time  to  time.  (a)  Including  cuts 

(d)  Including  butts.        (e)  Local.        (f)  Imported.  (g)  Mixed 


FOODS  AND  COAL  BY  CITIES,  SEPTEMBER,  1953 

Bureau  of  Statistics 


Locality 


Newfoundland- 

1— St.  John's. 


P.E.I.— 

2— Charlottetown . 


Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax . . 


4 — Sydney . 


New  Brunswick— 

5— Moncton 


6 — Saint  John . 


Quebec— 

7— Chicoutimi . 


8— Hull 

9— Montreal 

10 — Quebec 

11— Sherbrooke. . . 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers . 

Ontario— 

14— Brantford 


15— Cornwall 

16— Fort  William... 

17— Hamilton 

18— Kirkland  Lake.. 

19 — London 

20— North  Bay 

21 — Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie . 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27 — Winnipeg . 


Saskatchewan— 

28— Regina 


29— Saskatoon . 

Alberta— 

30— Calgary... 


31— Edmonton. 


British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert.. 


33— Trail 

34 — Vancouver. 
35 — Victoria .  .  . 


9  § 


cts. 
43-5 

36-9 

33-3 
34-2 

34-5 
35-4 

33-9 
29-7 
33-9 
33-0 
31-5 
36-0 
32-4 

28-2 
30-0 
36-0 
33-0 
33-3 
28-2 
31-2 
31-2 
28-5 
32-4 
31-8 
27-9 
33-6 

36-0 

36-0 
37-5 

33-6 
36-0 

40-2 
30-6 
30-6 
30-0 


cts. 
32-2 


cts. 

47-7 

26-2 

28-5 
31-2 

27-8 
23-4 

36-2 
30-9 
26-6 
27-7 
26-4 
30-1 
27-2 

34-6 
30-8 
43-4 
35-8 
41-5 
31-5 
35-6 
29-7 
33-8 
46-2 
34-8 
33-4 
30-1 

25-9 

44-5 
49-3 

43-7 
51-6 

44-6 
46-2 
30-4 
31-0 


cts. 
10-7 

8-0 

7-2 
7-6 


7-5 

11-3 
10-2 
10-4 
9-4 
8-7 
10-6 
9-5 

7-3 
9-0 
8-2 
7-2 


7-5 

7-8 
7-6 
9-0 
9-2 
9-0 
7-0 
7-3 


9-9 
10-4 

9-3 
10-9 

9-0 
9-3 

8-5 
8-5 


51 


cts. 
34-3 

27-0 

28-8 
29-6 

28-3 
29-8 

29-7 
28-2 
29-4 
28-4 
29-6 
27-3 
27-7 

30-0 
28-5 
26-7 
28  8 
29-5 
28-2 


27-1 

28-4 
29-8 
26-2 
27-8 
31-9 

28-3 

28-0 
30-8 

28-6 
29-6 

28-2 
28-1 
25-6 
27-5 


!.i 


cts. 
k 


27-6 

i 
24-1 

25-8 

25-6 
26-5 

28-0 


25-0 
ti 

23-3 
i 

25-9 

n 

23-3 
a 

24-1 
i 

25-2 

23-6 
26-6 

22-8 
k 

23-2 
n 

22-7 
i 

25-4 
i 

23-5 
k 

24-6 
i 

24-6 
a 

25-0 

i 
27-3 

26-9 
27-1 


25-5 


26-5 


23-8 
i 
24-1 


ado 

.     a. 

h 


cts. 
w 
62-1 

47-4 

47-3 

47-4 

47-2 
49-2 

55-5 

52-8 
48-4 
50-5 
53-4 
52-4 
54-0 

51-8 
52-0 
50-7 
49-5 
55-2 
48-7 
52-7 
54-4 
50-4 
54-9 
50-6 
48-3 
49-8 

47-2 

48-3 
47-4 

48-2 
48-4 

50-4 
50-2 
47-2 
46-4 


HS.S 
o 


v 
125-1 


115-3 

112-9 
119-4 

110-4 
114-7 

109-4 
110-8 
107-9 
110-5 
109-8 
109-4 
110-7 

102-7 
107-8 
105-7 
104-5 
100-2 
104-1 
117-0 
102-8 
106-2 
105-9 
101-8 
103-3 
105-2 

101-1 

105-0 
103-7 

102-1 
106-3 

104-8 
99-6 
99-8 

103-3 


Coal 


30.00 
27.50 
27.37 
28.56 
27.75 
26.75 
27.00 

26.90 
29.55 
26.62 
26.06 
33-50 
26-75 
29.25 
27-90 
27.50 
26.38 
29.56 
24.57 
26.00 


f 

22.75 

17.62 

19.50 
13.60 

18.75 
19.69 


21.10 

18.50 
17.98 


8.58 

22.90 

19-75 
19-93 
21-96 


carton  and  loose.        (h)  Evaporated  milk,  17-0 
Californian  and  Australian.         (s)  28  oz.  tin. 
rice. 


t  per  16  oz.  tin. 
(t)  Pure.        (v) 


(k)  Californian. 
Including  tins. 


(m)  15  oz.  tin. 
(w)  Orange  Pekoe. 


(n)  Mixed — 
*  Revised 

1705 


£2 


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ft.S 


Ol-HrtOOOOONOOO<OSO 
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1707 


G — Strikes  and  Lockouts 


TABLE  G-l.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  JANUARY-SEPTEMBER, 

1952-1953* 


Date 


1953* 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

Cumulative  totals 

1952 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

Cumulative  totals 


Number  of  Strikes 
and  Lockouts 


Com- 
mencing 
During 
Month 


14f 
11 
13 
14 
17 
16 
14 
6 
26 


131 


In 

Existence 


Number  of  Workers 
Involved 


Com- 
mencing 
During 
Month 


2,136t 

2,448 
4,524 
2,790 
2,740 
4,809 
4,650 
4,408 
12,958 


41,463 


In 
Existence 


2,136 
3,757 
5,450 
3,562 
4,748 
6,452 
7,396 
8,598 
16,445 


Time  Loss 


In 
Man- 
Working 
Days 


31,050 
23,777 
33,018 
29, 120 
36, 127 
57,346 
73,486 
92,760 
126,131 


502,815 


Per  Cent 

of 

Estimated 

Working 

Time 


0-04 
0-03 
0-04 
0-03 
0-04 
0-07 
0-09 
0-11 
0-15 

0-07 


13t 

12 

16 

22 

30 

28 

29 

20 

16 


374f 

394 

877 

418 

853 

704 

941 

166 

303 


5,374 
13,048 

5,186 
12,121 
23,360 
59,706 
56,263 
15,039 
15, 144 


71,145 
47,603 
65,272 
178,713 
248,575 
717,845 
888,243 
202,395 
201,870 


186 


111,030 


2,621,661 


0-09 
0-06 
0-08 
0-21 
0-30 
0-87 
1-07 
0-24 
0-24 

0-35 


*  Preliminary  figures. 

f  Strikes  unterminated  at  the  end  of  the  previous  year  are  included  in  these  totals. 

t  The  record  of  the  Department  includes  lockouts  as  well  as  strikes  but  a  lockout,  or  an  industrial 
condition  which  is  undoubtedly  a  lockout,  is  not  often  encountered.  In  the  statistical  table,  therefore, 
strikes  and  lockouts  are  recorded  together.  A  strike  or  lockout  included  as  such  in  the  records  of  the 
Department  is  a  cessation  of  work  involving  six  or  more  employees  and  lasting  at  least  one  working  day. 
Strikes  of  less  than  one  day's  duration  and  strikes  involving  less  than  six  employees  are  not  included  in 
the  published  record  unless  ten  days  or  more  time  loss  is  caused  but  a  separate  record  of  such  strikes  is 
maintained  in  the  Department  and  these  figures  are  given  in  the  annual  review.  The  records  include 
all  strikes  and  lockouts  which  come  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Department  and  the  methods  taken  to 
obtain  information  preclude  the  probability  of  omissions  of  strikes  of  importance.  Information  as  to  a 
strike  involving  a  small  number  of  employees  or  for  a  short  period  of  time  is  frequently  not  received 
until  some  time  after  its  commencement. 


1708 


TABLE   G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  SEPTEMBER,  1953   (i) 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Estab- 
lishments 


Workers 


TimeLoss 
In  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Progress  Prior  to  September,  1953 


Mining — 

Silver  and  lead  miners, 
Alice  Arm,  B.C. 


Gold  miners, 
Pamour,  South  Porcupine 
and  Timmins,  Ont. 


Gold  and  copper  miners  and 
smelter  workers, 
Noranda,  Que. 


Manufacturing — 
Boots  and  Shoes  (Leather) 
Shoe  factory  workers, 
Preston,  Ont. 


Textiles,  Clothing,  etc. — 
Knitting  factory  workers, 
Plessisville,  Que. 


Metal  Products— 

Zinc  alloy  die  casting 
factory  workers, 
Wallaceburg,  Ont. 


Skate  factory  workers, 
Kitchener,  Ont. 


Spring  factory  workers, 
Hamilton,  Ont. 


Aero  engine  mechanics, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


Trade — 

Wholesale    produce     ware- 
house workers, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


100 


1,010 


1,600 


(3) 
258 


1,500 


24,000 


40,000 


57 


39 


44 


240 


82 


50 


5,000 


800 


800 


900 


5,000 


1,230 


800 


Commenced  May  15;  for  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  union  security,  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
unterminated. 

Commenced  July  11;  for  a  new 
agreements  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  48  to 
40  per  week,  pay  for  six  statutory 
holidays,  check-off  and  extension 
of  vacation  plan,  following  refer- 
ence to  conciliation  board;  un- 
terminated. 

Commenced  August  22;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  check-off, 
increased  wages  and  reduced  hours 
from  48  to  40  per  week,  following 
reference  to  arbitration  board; 
unterminated. 


Commenced  May  26;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  reduced  hours  from  45 
to  40  per  week,  following  reference 
to  conciliation  board;  untermin- 
ated. 

Commenced  May  19;  for  a  new 
agreement  incorporating  cost-of- 
living  bonus  in  basic  rate,  seniority, 
etc.,  following  reference  to  arbi- 
tration board;  partial  return  of 
workers;  unterminated. 

Commenced  April  22;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  retroactive  to  Oct.  30,  1952, 
and  other  changes,  following  refer- 
ence to  conciliation  board;  un- 
terminated. 

Commenced  May  14;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  union  shop,  check-off,  etc., 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  unterminated. 

Commenced  June  24;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  42^  to 
40  per  week  with  same  take-home 
pay,  check-off,  etc.,  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
unterminated. 

Commenced  August  14;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  terminated  Sep- 
tember 22;  negotiations;  com- 
promise. 

Commenced  June  15;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  unterminated. 


1709 


TABLE   G-2.-STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  SEPTEMBER,  1953   () 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Estab- 
lishments 


Workers 


TimeLoss 
In  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Progress  Prior  to  September,  1953— Concluded 


Wholesale    grocery 
house  workers, 
Penticton,  B.C. 


140 


Commenced  August  3;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  closed  shop,  grievance 
committee,  etc.,  following  refer- 
ence to  conciliation  board;  un- 
terminated. 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  Commencing  During  September,  1953 


Mining— 

Coal  miners, 
Glace  Bay, 


N.S. 


Coal  miners, 
Sydney  Mines,  N.S. 


Gold  miners  and  mill 
workers, 

Schumacher,  Ont. 


Gold    and    silver    miners, 
mill  and  smelter  workers 
Timmins,  Ont. 


Manufacturing — 
Rubber  and  Its  Products — 
Tire  and  rubber  factory 
workers, 
Toronto,  Ont. 

Textiles,  Clothing,  etc. — 
Women's  and  children's 
clothing  factory  workers, 
Saskatoon,  Sask. 


Hosiery  factory  workers, 
Hanover,  Ont. 


Pulp,    Paper    and    Paper 
Products — 
Paper  mill  workers, 
Beauharnois  and 
Crabtree  Mills,  Que. 


Miscellaneous  Wood  Products- 
Sawmill  workers, 
Penticton,  B.C. 


575 


843 


1,201 


1,356 


1,115 


32 


22 


(4) 
461 


81 


1,700 


600 


6,800 


2,230 


540 


85 


2,425 


240 


Commenced  September  16;  pro- 
testing transfer  of  miners  from 
abandoned  mine  to  new  colliery; 
terminated  September  17;  return 
of  workers;  indefinite. 

Commenced  September  16;  pro- 
testing dismissal  of  two  loaders 
following  altercation  with  overman; 
terminated  September  18;  return  of 
workers  pending  settlement;  in- 
definite. 

Commenced  September  22;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  check-off,  reduced  hours 
from  48  to  40  per  week,  pay  for 
eight  statutory  holidays  instead 
of  four,  two  week's  vacations  with 
pay  after  two  years  and  three  weeks 
after  15  years,  following  reference 
to  conciliation  board ;unterminated. 

Commenced  September  24;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  check-off,  reduced  hours 
from  48  to  40  per  week,  and  exten- 
sion of  vacation  plan;  unterminated . 

Commenced  September  29;  dissatis- 
faction with  piece-work  rates  for 
two  men;  unterminated. 

Commenced  September  9;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  44  to 
40  per  week  with  same  take-home 
pay,  seniority  and  job  class- 
ification; unterminated. 

Commenced  September  25;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  other  changes,  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
unterminated. 


Commenced  September  23  and  27: 
for  new  agreements  providing  for 
reduced  hours  from  48-50  to  40  per 
week  with  same  take-home  pay 
and  night  shift  differential,  follow- 
ing reference  to  arbitration  board; 
unterminated. 

Commenced  September  1;  alleged 
violation  of  seniority  in  lay-off 
of  four  workers;  terminated  Sep- 
tember 8;  return  of  workers  in 
favour  of  employer. 


1710 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  SEPTEMBER,  1953   0) 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Estab-    I 
lishments 


Workers 


TimeLoss 
In  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  Commencing  During  September,  1953— Continued 


Sawmill  workers, 
Penticton,  B.C. 


Lumber  mill  workers, 
St.  John's,  Nfld. 


Saw      and      lumber      mill 
workers, 

Northern  Interior 
British  Columbia. 


Metal  Products — 

Machine  and  tool  factory 
workers, 
Ingersoll,  Ont. 


Bus  factory  workers, 
Fort  William,  Ont. 


Cigarette  lighters  factory 
workers, 

Toronto,  Ont. 


Metal  factory  workers, 
Toronto,  Ont. 


Steel  mill  workers, 
Winnipeg,  Man. 


Construction — 
Buildings  and  Structures- 
Carpenters, 
London,  Ont. 


Carpenters, 
Moncton,  N.B. 


39 


41 


HO 


1,650 


280 


1,185 


80 


170 


■03 


37 


(6) 


260 


595 


1,125 


5,000 


4,100 


200 


100 


170 


1,050 


37 


1,700 


Commenced  September  12;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  unterminated. 

Commenced  September  21;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  retroactive  to  July  1,  closed 
shop  and  check-off,  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
unterminated. 

Commenced  September  28;  for  new 
agreements  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  44  to 
40  per  week  with  same  take-home 
pay,  pay  for  three  statutory  holi- 
days and  closed  shop,  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
unterminated. 


Commenced  September  10;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  reduced  hours  from  45  to 
42|  per  week  with  same  take-home 
pay,  following  reference  to  arbi- 
tration board;  terminated  Sep- 
tember 30;  negotiations;  com- 
promise. 

Commenced  September  18;  to  attend 
a  union  meeting  re  overtime  pay; 
terminated  September  18;  return  of 
workers;  in  favour  of  employer. 

Commenced  September  24;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  terminated  Sep- 
tember 25;  conciliation;  com- 
promise. 

Commenced  September  29;  pro- 
testing dismissal  of  a  worker  for 
refusal  to  work  overtime;  termi- 
nated September  30;  return  of 
workers  pending  reference  to  arbi- 
tration; indefinite. 

Commenced  September  29  and  30; 
for  new  agreements  providing  for 
increased  wages  and  reduced  hours 
from  42J  to  40  per  week  with  same 
take-home  pay,  following  reference 
to  conciliation  board;  untermin- 
ated. 

Commenced  September  11;  inter- 
union  dispute  as  to  whether  car- 
penters or  lathers  should  instal 
acoustic  tile;  terminated  Septem- 
ber 11;  return  of  workers  pending 
reference  to  National  Joint  Board; 
indefinite. 

Commenced  September  23;  for  new 
agreements  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  44  to  40 
per  week  with  same  take-home  pay 
and  protest  against  employment  of 
improvers,  following  reference  to 
conciliation  board;   unterminated. 


1711 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  SEPTEMBER  1953  0) 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Establish- 
ments 


Workers 


Time  Loss 
in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  Commencing  During  September,  1953— concluded 


Carpenters, 
Kamloops,  B.C. 


Transportation  and  Puplic 
Utilities — 
Other  Local  and   Highway 
Transport- 
Truck  drivers  and  storage 
warehouse  workers, 
Winnipeg,  Man. 


Water  Transport — 
Seamen, 
Canadian  Ports. 


Trade— 
Milk  salesmen  and  dairy 
workers, 
Toronto,  Ont. 


54 


84 


108 


1,090 


350 


Milk  salesmen  and  dairy 
workers, 
Toronto,  Ont. 


Service — 
Public  Administration- 
Garbage  collectors, 
Picton,  Ont. 


Business  and  Personal — 
Hotel  and  beverage  room 
employees, 
Bellevue,  Blairmore, 
Coleman,  Alta. 


13 


1,700 


525 


27 


roo 


5,100 


525 


135 


Commenced  September  24;  pro- 
testing employment  of  labourers 
on  insulation  work;  terminated 
September  25;  negotiations;  in 
favour  of  workers. 


Commenced  September  12;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  terminated  Sep- 
tember 26;  negotiations;  com- 
promise. 


Commenced  September  28;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  56  to  40 
per  week  and  other  changes,  fol- 
lowing reference  to  conciliation 
board;  unterminated. 


Commenced  September  10;  for  new 
agreements  providing  for  increased 
wages  retroactive  to  March  31, 
continuance  of  six-day-delivery 
service  and  pay  for  eight  statutory 
holidays  instead  of  four,  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
terminated  September  12;  con- 
ciliation; compromise. 


Commenced  September  17;  protest 
against  establishment  of  five-day- 
delivery  service  in  contravention 
of  six-day-delivery  clause  in  agree- 
ment; terminated  September  17; 
conciliation  and  return  of  workers 
pending  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  indefinite. 


Commenced  September  9;  for  in- 
creased wages;  terminated  Sep- 
tember 9;  return  of  workers;  in 
favour  of  employer. 


Commenced  September  25;  for  new- 
agreements  providing  for  increased 
wages  for  all  and  reduced  hours  for 
maids  and  waitresses  from  48  to  44 
per  week,  following  reference  to 
arbitration  board;  unterminated. 


0)  Preliminary  data  based  where  possible  on  reports  from  parties  concerned,  in  some  cases  incom- 
plete; subject  to  revision  for  the  annual  review. 

(2)  In  this  table  the  date  of  commencement  is  that  on  which  time  loss  first  occurred  and  the  date 
of  termination  is  the  last  day  on  which  time  was  lost  to  an  appreciable  extent. 

(3)  121  indirectly  affected;   (4)  54  indirectly  affected;   (5)  450  indirectly  affected. 


712 


H — Industrial  Accidents 


TABLE  H-l.— FATAL  INDUSTRIAL  ACCIDENTS  IN  CANADA  DURING  THE  SECOND 
QUARTER  OF  1953,  BY  GROUPS  OF  INDUSTRIES  AND  CAUSES 


Cause 

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10 

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1 

1 

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i 

15 

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3 
3 
8 

10 
5 
9 
1 
8 

7 
4 
4 
5 

16 
3 
4 
9 

1 

6 

4 
1 
3 

81 

8 

5 
5 

1 
15 
2 

.... 

6 
9 
2 
11 
4 

...... 

5 
1 
2 

15 
12 

?!7 

46 

Caught  In,  On  or  Between  Machinery,  Vehicles,  Etc. . 

3 
3 

1 

18 

14 
11 

9 

5 

9 

1 
5 

9 

2 

87 

55 

1 

2 
2 

11 

2 

1 

4 

1 
10 
3 

1 

9 

5 

12 
2 

1 
1 

2 

54 

Conflagrations,  Temperature  Extremes  and 

17 

14 

4 

3 

8 

4 

1 
3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

?0 

1 

3 

?3 

« 

Total,  Second  Quarter— 1953 

34 

41 

12 

47 

58 

41 

11 

42 

11 

20 

317 

Total,  Second  Quarter— 1952 

31 

38 

1 

56 

69 

55 

14 

61 

11 

35 

371 

TABLE  H-2.— FATAL  INDUSTRIAL  ACCIDENTS  BY  PROVINCE  AND   GROUPS  OF 
INDUSTRIES  DURING  THE  SECOND  QUARTER  OF  1953 


Industry 

H 
fe 

02 

5? 

PQ 
55 

6 

3 

a 
O 

c3 

02 

eg 

PQ 

H 
£ 

& 

3 
0 

8 
9 

"9" 
14 

7 
5 
18 

2 

14 
9 
3 
9 
18 
15 
2 
9 
6 

4 
2 

6 

2 

34 

2 

2 

2 

.... 

"2' 

17 
1 
9 

16 
6 
1 
5 
1 

"2' 

41 

6 
5 

1 

1 

1?! 

1 

1 

1 

3 
2 

1 

5 
1 
1 
1 
3 

6 
3 

7 

"3' 
1 

47 

58 

41 

11 

1 

49 

Trade 

11 

1 

5 

7 

2 

2 

3 

?0 

Total 

5 

16 

8 

77 

92 

17 

17 

24 

59 

2 

317 

1713 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOUR 

Obtainable  from  the  Circulation  Manager,  Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa 


Reprints  from  The  Labour  Gazette — 

Price:  10  cents. 

Annual  Vacations  with  Pay  in  Canadian  Manu- 
facturing Industries  (Aug.,  1952.) 

The  Normal  Work  Week  in  Canadian  Manu- 
facturing Industries,  1951  (June,  1952). 

Wages,  Hours  and  Working  Conditions  in  the 
Primary  Textile  Industry  (May,  1952.) 

Cost  of  Living  Escalator  Clauses  in  Collective 
Agreements  (Dec,  1951). 

Numbers  of  Workers  Affected  by  Collective 
Agreements  in  Canada,  by  Industry  (Dec, 
1951). 


Annual  Report  of  the  Department  of  Labour 

(for  fiscal  year  ended  March  31, 1952). 
Price:  25  cents. 


Labour  Organization  in  Canada 

1952  Report.    Price:  25  cents. 


Apprenticeship  in  Canada 

Price:  15  cents. 

Vocational  Education  in  Canada— 

Price:  15  cents. 


Bulletins  of  Industrial  Relations  Series— 

Price:  10  cents. 

No.  1 — Joint  Councils  in  Industry. 

No.  3 — Joint  Conference  of  the  Building  and 
Construction  Industries  in  Canada,  Ottawa, 
1921. 

No.  5 — Canada  and  the  International  Labour 
Conference. 

No.  8 — National  Conference  regarding  Winter 
Employment  in  Canada. 


Canadian  Railway  Board  of  Adjustment  No.  1 

Nos.  9-18 — Reports  of  Proceedings  of  the 
Board  covering  three-year  periods  from 
1923  to  1951. 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada  and  Other 
Countries,  1952         Price:  15  cents. 


Annual  Report  on  Wage  Rates  and  Hours  of 
Labour  in  Canada         Price:  25  cents. 


Labour-Management     Co-operation     Service 
Publications — 

Teamwork  in  Industry  (monthly). 
Industrial  Democracy  at  Work. 
Partners  in  Production  No.  2. 
Teamwork  in  Action. 
A  Stitch  in  Time. 
Co-operation  Works  Here. 
Meters,  Motors  and  Men. 

Joint  Consultation  in  the  E.  B.  Eddy  Com- 
pany. 
Joint  Consultation  in  Service  Industries. 
Making  the  Most  of  Your  LMPC. 
The  Foreman  and  the  LMPC. 
Labour-Management  Co-operation  Service. 
The  Labour  Representative  on  an  LMPC. 
Duties  of  an  LMPC  Chairman. 
What  Management  Men  Say  about  LMPCs. 


Provincial  Labour  Standards 

(concerning  child  labour,  holidays,  hours  of 
work,  minimum  wages,  weekly  rest-day  and 
workmen's  compensation)    Price:  10  cents. 


2  Minutes  of  Employment  Facts— 

(semi-monthly)        Free. 

1714 


Labour  Legislation  in  Canada  as  Existing  on 
December  31, 1948 

Price:  $2.00. 

First  Supplement  (1949-50)  Price:  25  cents. 

Workmen's  Compensation  In  Canada 

(a  comparison  of  provincial  laws) 
Price:  10  cents. 


Occupational  Monographs— 

Free. 

Bricklayers  and  Stone  Masons. 

Careers  in  Natural  Science  and  Engineering. 

Carpenter. 

Electrician. 

Forge  Shop  Occupations. 

Foundry  Workers. 

Lawyer. 

Machinist  and  Machine  Operator  (Metal). 

Mining  Occupations. 

Motor  Vehicle  Mechanics  and  Repairmen. 

Optometrist. 

Painter. 

Plasterer. 

Plumber,  Pipe  Fitter  and  Steam  Fitter. 

Printing  Trades. 

Sheet  Metal  Worker. 

Social  Worker. 

Technical   Occupations   in    Radio   and    Elect- 
ronics. 

Tool  and  Die  Maker. 


CURRENT  DECEMBER  ,s'  "53 

manpower  and  lafeoy r  relations 

REVIEW 

Economics   and  Research  Branch,  Canadian  Department  of  Labour 

Current  Manpower  Situation 

TOTAL  sales,  output,  and  employment  are  continuing  to  exceed  last 
year's  levels  by  moderate  amounts.  The  increase  in  job  oppor- 
tunities however,  has  been  smaller  than  the  growth  of  the  labour  force, 
with  the  result  that  unemployment  is  higher  than  it  was  last  year  at  this 
time.  Reduction  in  activity  in  both  seasonal  and  non-seasonal  industries 
is  contributing  to  this  higher  level  of  unemployment.  This  easing  of  labour 
demand  results  particularly  from  reduced  activity  in  the  textile,  agri- 
cultural implements  and  lumbering  industries,  the  slowdown  in  expansion 
of  consumer  durables,  and  earlier-than-usual  reductions  in  forest  activity. 

The  number  of  workers  fully  employed  decreased  by  116,000  in  the 
month  ending  November  21,  largely  as  a  result  of  the  usual  decline  in 
seasonal  activity.  Farm  operations  came  to  a  virtual  standstill,  many 
food  processing  plants  closed  down  and  manpower  requirements  gradually 
slackened  in  construction,  fishing  and  lake  shipping.  Although  some  of 
the  workers  released  from  these  operations  withdrew  from  the  labour 
force  for  the  winter  months,  others  remained  to  increase  the  supply  of 
available  labour.  By  the  beginning  of  December,  72  of  111  labour  market 
areas  had  labour  surpluses,  almost  double  the  number  a  month  earlier. 
These  areas  represented  50  per  cent  of  total  paid  workers. 

Employment  levels  in  November  were  still  moderately  higher  than 
a  year  earlier,  although  the  trend  since  mid-summer  this  year  was  in 
marked  contrast  to  last  year's.  The  sharp  upturn  in  activity  last  fall, 
particularly  in  the  manufacturing  and  construction  industries,  was  ac- 
companied by  an  unusual  increase  of  about  70,000  fully-employed  workers 
during  the  three  months  ending  November.  This  autumn,  on  the  other 
hand,  manufacturing  has  tended  to  level  off  and  fewer  workers  have  been 
absorbed  in  industries  that  usually  expand  at  this  time  of  year.  Conse- 
quently, full-time  employment  between  August  and  November  of  this  year 
decreased  by  more  than  100,000. 

Resulting  increases  were  apparent  in  the  number  of  people  seeking 
work  through  the  National  Employment  Service.  During  November,  the 
average    number   of  job   applications   registered  rose   to   257,700,  repre- 


A       Monthly       Labour       Gazette       Feature 

1715 


CURRENT    LAROUR    TRENDS 


THOUSANDS 


If 

88  |S  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EMPLOYMENT 

jAveragesf  »«  f''«  ;"  VK-S  nffir" 


CENTS  PER  HOU.R 


HOURS  PER  WEEK 


140 

1953:      , ,. 

130 

120 
110 

100 
Qn 

''79*52  " 

■ 

&  Vll                 AVERAGE  HOURLY  EARNINGS 

■  I 

iAveragesl 

CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX 

1949  =  100 


INDUSTRIAL  PRODUCTION 


.1 

|Averagesj 


S    g;   J     FMAMJJASONDJ 


senting  6.2  per  cent  of  all  paid  workers   in  the   country.  This  compares 
with  4.5  per  cent  in  October  1953  and  4.3  per  cent  in  November    1952. 

Despite  an  increase  in  labour  surpluses  over  last  year,  when  un- 
employment was  particularly  low,  basic  economic  indicators  reflect 
continuing  high  levels  of  income  and  employment.  During  September, 
retail  sales  were  nearly  three  per  cent  above  the  1952  level.  One  com- 
ponent, department  store  sales,  fell  slightly  in  October,  compared  with 
last  year,  owing  mainly  to  the  open  fall,  which  impeded  clothing  sales. 
Housing  starts  during  the  same  month  were  nearly  20  per  cent  higher, 
and  industrial  production  generally  was  more  than  four  per  cent  higher 
than  last  year. 

Employment  in  manufacturing  this  fall  has  not  been  expanding  at 
nearly  the  same  rate  as  last  year.  In  fact,  the  index  of  employment  dipped 
slightly  between  September  and  October,  a  development  which  has  not 
occurred  for  several  years.  As  a  result,  the  year-to-year  gain,  quite 
marked  in  earlier  months,  has  been  narrowing  steadily.  At  August  1,  the 
year-to-year  margin  was  3.7  per  cent;  by  September  1,  this  margin  had 
dropped  to  2.5  per  cent  and  one  month  later  to  one  per  cent. 

While  employment  in  a  number  of  industries  has  been  levelling  off 
at  a  relatively  high  plateau,  some  industries  have  remained  sluggish  at 
a  time  when  employment  usually  expands  in  response  to  seasonal  de- 
mands. Textiles  employment,  for  example,  dropped  slightly  during  Sept- 
ember and  was  nearly  five  per  cent  below  last  year's  low  level.  Other 
soft  spots  are  coal  mining  and  sawmilling,  whose  employment  levels  at 
October  1  were  eleven  and  six  per  cent  respectively  below  the  1952  levels. 
Employment  in  agricultural  implements  manufacturing  at  October  1  was 
also  some  30  per  cent  below  last  year's.  On  the  other  hand,  year-to-year 
employment  levels  were  higher  by  more  than  12  per  cent  in  both  the 
rubber  products  and  electrical  apparatus   industries. 

The  accompanying  table  compares  the  expansion  of  employment  in 
selected  urban  areas  during  the  three-month  period  from  August  1  to 
October  1  for  the  years  1952  and  1953,  both  for  manufacturing  and  the 
industrial   composite. 

These    data    indicate    that   expansion    in   manufacturing   employment 

has  been  slowing  down  in  recent  months.  On  the  other  hand,  strength  in 

the    services    and   distribution   sectors   and   a    high   level    of  residential 

construction  are  helping  to  maintain  employment  levels  in  these  cities. 

Employment   Change   in   Selected   Cities  from 
August   to  October,    1952  and    1953 


Manufacturing 

Industrial 

lornpos  ite 

City 

1952                    1953 

1952 

1953 

Percent 

Percent 

Montreal 

+  2.1 

+  1.4 

+  2.2 

+  1.1 

Toronto 

+  3.4 

+  2.5 

+  2.3 

+  2.4 

Winnipeg 

+  1.5 

+  0.3 

+0.1 

+  0.6 

Quebec 

+  6.5 

+0.9 

+  3.2 

+  0.7 

St.  John's 

-3.1 

-4.3 

+  1.5 

-0.2 

Halifax 

+  1.9 

+  0.2 

+  3.2 

+  3.5 

Calgary 

-1.5 

-1.3 

-0.4 

+  1.0 

Edmonton 

-0.4 

-1.9 

+  4.4 

-1.2 

London 

+  2.2 

+  0.5 

+  2.0 

+  1.9 

1717 


Collective  Bargaining  Review,  1953 

CONTINUING  the  trend  of  post-war  years,  unions,  in  1953,  generally 
requested  substantial  increases  in  wage  rates.  Employers,  on  the 
other  hand,  were  inclined  to  resist  these  demands  more  strongly  than  in 
recent  years  and  some  made  counter-proposals  suggesting  decreases. 
Under  these  circumstances,  a  larger  number  of  settlements  this  year  did 
not  provide  for  wage  increases,  although  many  provided  for  improvements 
in  non-wage  items.  Wage  advances  were,  in  general,  of  lesser  amounts 
than  during  the  past  few  years.  Increases  this  year  tended  to  range  down- 
wards from  the  10-cent  level,  compared  with  a  pattern  of  10  to  15  cents 
in  1952.  However,  in  view  of  the  relative  stability  of  the  cost-of-living, 
the  increases  in  1953  resulted  in  important  advances  in  "real"  earnings. 

Strike  activity  during  1953  was  considerably  below  the  1952  level. 
Preliminary  figures  for  the  first  11  months  of  the  year  show  that  approxi- 
mately 53,000  workers  were  involved  in  159  work  stoppages  resulting  in 
a  time  loss  of  1,05  8,184  man-working  days.  For  the  corresponding  period 
in  1952,  the  figures  were  119,000  workers,  214  work  stoppages,  and 
2,832,676  man-working  days.  For  all  months  except  October  and  No- 
vember, time  loss  in  1953  was  considerably  less  than  in  1952.  Much  of 
the  recent  time  loss  is  attributable  to  strikes  in  gold  and  base  metal 
mines   in  northern  Ontario  and  Quebec. 

During  the  first  half  of  1953,  bargaining  was  under  way  for  certain 
railway  groups  and  in  coal  mining,  electrical  goods  manufacturing,  water 
transportation,  construction,  gold  and  base  metal  mining  and  smelting, 
west  coast  logging  and  lumbering,  and  pulp  and  paper.  It  was  not,  how- 
ever, until  after  the  middle  of  the  year  that  major  settlements  were 
reached. 

During  the  second  half  of  the  year,  negotiations  became  general  in 
basic  steel,  motor  transport,  meat  packing,  rubber  products,  and  the 
railways.  As  the  year  ended,  bargaining,  except  in  the  railways,  had  been 
completed  in  at  least  the  larger  establishments  of  the  industries  mention- 
ed.  The   major  developments   of  1953   are   outlined  below. 

Bargaining  in  the  coal  mining  industry  is  conducted  in  two  main 
areas,  Alberta —  British  Columbia  and  Nova  Scotia.  In  both  areas,  con- 
ciliation boards,  faced  with  important  marketing  and  production  problems 
in  the  industry,  failed  to  recommend  any  wage  increase.  Settlements 
were  reached,  after  prolonged  negotiations,  without  provision  for  a  wage 
change,  although  in  the  western  area  the  agreement  called  for  an  in- 
crease  in  employer  payments  to  the  welfare   fund  of  five  cents  per  ton. 

In  electrical  goods  manufacturing,  negotiations  between  the  United 
Electrical,  Radio  and  Machine  Workers  of  America  and  the  Canadian 
General  Electric  Company  Limited,  Toronto  and  Peterborough,  culmi- 
nated in  a  settlement  providing  wage  increases  of  six  and  seven  cents 
an  hour  for  men  and  women  respectively.  Negotiations  with  the  other 
major  producer,  the  Canadian  Westinghouse  Company  at  Hamilton,  eventu- 
ally produced  an  agreement  for  a  seven-cent  wage  increase  and  improved 
vacation  and  welfare  plans. 

The  main  areas  of  bargaining  in  water  transportation  involved  the 
Seafarers'   International   Union  and   (1)   three  west  coast  shipping  firms, 

1718 


(2)  the  Shipping  Federation  of  Canada  for  east  coast  deep-sea,  dry-cargo 
operators  and  (3)  several  companies  operating  on  the  Great  Lakes.  On 
the  west  coast,  an  agreement  was  reached  before  the  middle  of  the  year 
on  a  $30-per-month  wage  increase  after  seamen  had  voted  in  favour  of 
strike  action.  Negotiations  and  conciliation  in  the  other  two  areas  over 
the  union's  demand  for  increased  monthly  pay  and  a  40-hour  week  were 
more  lengthy.  A  strike  of  the  crews  on  Great  Lakes  vessels  was  averted 
in  September  when,  with  the  assistance  of  a  federal  government  mediator, 
the  union  and  companies  agreed  to  the  adoption  of  a  40-hour  week  without 
loss  in  take-home  pay  and  other  benefits,  excluding  an  increase  in  month- 
ly pay.  Following  the  rejection  of  their  demands  by  a  conciliation  board, 
seamen  on  Atlantic  deep-sea,  dry-cargo  vessels  went  on  strike  September 
28.  Late  in  October  a  compromise  settlement  increased  wages  and  re- 
duced  hours. 

Although  much  of  the  bargaining  in  construction  was  prolonged, 
settlements  were  made  easier,  as  the  experience  of  the  first  half  of  the 
year  made  it  clear  that  construction  would  continue  at  a  high  level. 
Wage  increases  were  generally  obtained  throughout  the  industry,  pre- 
dominantly within  the  range   of  five   to  ten   cents  an   hour. 

Two  unions,  the  United  Steelworkers  of  America  and  the  International 
Union  of  Mine,  Mill  and  Smelter  Workers,  represent  employees  in  the 
non-ferrous  metal  mining  and  smelting  industry.  The  steelworkers*  union, 
representing  employees  in  a  number  of  mines  in  northern  Ontario  and 
Quebec,  began  negotiations  early  in  the  year  for  a  wage  increase,  a 
reduction  in  the  48-hour  week,  a  check-off  of  union  dues  and  other  bene- 
fits. Conciliation  boards  tried,  without  success,  to  resolve  differences 
at  most  of  the  mines.  Strikes  began  at  some  during  July  and  by  the  end 
of  October  had  spread  to  12  mines  and  7,000  workers.  Subsequent  attempts 
to  settle  the   disputes   have   failed. 

In  addition  to  agreements  at  several  small  mines  in  British  Colum- 
bia, the  Mine,  Mill  Union,  with  conciliation  assistance,  was  able  to 
renegotiate  its  agreements  with  the  Consolidated  Mining  and  Smelting 
Company  in  British  Columbia  and  the  International  Nickel  Company  of 
Canada  in  Ontario.  The  agreement  with  the  former  company  provided 
increased  vacation  benefits  and  certain  other  gains,  while  that  with  the 
latter    provided  a  wage   increase   and  an  improved  vacation  plan. 

Forest  Industrial  Relations,  representing  west  coast  logging  and 
lumbering  operators,  began  bargaining  with  the  International  Woodworkers 
of  America  in  April.  Bargaining  and  conciliation  extended  into  July. 
The  membership  of  the  union  voted  to  accept  a  conciliation  board  report 
which  recommended  a  wage  increase  of  five  cents  an  hour  and  incorpo- 
ration into  basic  rates  of  a  portion  of  the  cost-of-living  bonus  currently 
being  paid.  In  the  smaller  firms  in  the  interior,  agreements  have  not, 
however,  been  reached  and  workers  have  been  on  strike  for  some  time. 

Except  for  agreement  to  a  ten-per-cent  wage  increase  and  a  40-hour 
week,  negotiated  early  in  the  year  at  mills  producing  fine  grades  of 
paper,  bargaining  and  conciliation  in  the  pulp  and  paper  industry,  in- 
volving several  AFL-TLC  unions,  extended  well  into  the  fall  and  votes 
favoured    strikes   at   both   the   British   Columbia   group   of  mills    and  the 


1719 


Ontario  newsprint  and  pulp  group.  Early  in  November,  the  unions  and 
the  Ontario  group  agreed  to  a  three-per-cent  wage  increase,  with  a  mini- 
mum of  five  cents  an  hour  retroactive  to  May  1.  Shortly  thereafter  both 
the  Canadian  International  Paper  Company,  with  mills  in  Quebec,  Ont- 
ario and  New  Brunswick,  and  the  B.C.  mills  signed  agreements.  Wage 
increases  were  granted  in  both  and  a  40-hour  week  was  confirmed  in 
the  Canadian  International  agreements.  Contracts  have  also  been  signed 
for  several  individual  companies,  particularly  in  Quebec  and  the  Mari- 
times.For  some  of  these,  the  union  involved  was  the  National  Federation 
of  Pulp  and  Paper  Workers  (CCCL). 

Although  agreements  covering  Canada's  three  major  automobile 
manufacturing  plants  extend  into  1954  and  1955,  they  were  opened  during 
1953  on  wage  matters.  Upward  adjustments  in  wages  were  incorporated 
into  the   contracts. 

Contracts  at  the  Algoma  Steel  Corporation,  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  and 
the  Steel  Company  of  Canada  Limited,  Hamilton,  extend  into  1954.  How- 
ever, under  a  re-opening  clause  in  the  steel  industry  contracts,  the 
United  Steelworkers  of  America  requested  a  wage  increase  of  eight  and 
one-half  cents  an  hour.  Although  negotiations  continued  for  several 
months,  no  revision  was  made.  The  union  has  indicated  that  it  will  seek 
to  negotiate  a  wage  increase  when  the  contracts  terminate  early  in  1954. 

In  contrast  with  the  generally-protracted  bargaining  in  1953,  nego- 
tiations between  the  United  Packinghouse  Workers  of  America  and  the 
three  large  meat-packing  firms  were  of  relatively  short  duration.  The 
agreements,  signed  in  August,  granted  an  increase  in  basic  rates  of  five 
cents  an  hour  for  men  and  four  cents  for  women,  with  higher  adjustments 
for  skilled  workers. 

Negotiations  have  been  continuing  in  the  rubber  products  industry. 
During  November,  Goodyear  Tire  and  Rubber  Company  at  Toronto  and 
the  United  Rubber,  Cork,  Linoleum  and  Plastic  Workers  of  America 
agreed  to  an  extensive  employer-financed  welfare  plan  and  other  fringe 
benefits.  No  wage   increases  were   included. 

Contract  negotiations  for  non-operating  and  certain  groups  of  oper- 
ating employees  of  the  railway  companies  began  recently.  Representa- 
tives of  the  non-operating  group,  comprising  more  than  125,000  workers, 
are  seeking  an  improved  vacation  plan,  eight  paid  statutory  holidays,  a 
cumulative  sick-leave  plan,  and  premium  compensation  for  Sunday  work. 
Both  unions  and  employers  have  requested  a  conciliation  board. 

Among  the  operating  trades,  some  of  last  year's  bargaining  extended 
into  the  early  months  of  1953.  Within  recent  weeks,  the  Brotherhood 
of  Locomotive  Engineers  is  reported  to  have  signed  agreements  with 
both  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company  and  the  Canadian  National 
Railways  covering  engineers  in  eastern  sections  of  the  roads.  The  main 
provision  of  the  new  contracts  is  for  a  five-day  week  for  engineers  in 
yard  service. 

The  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Firemen  and  Enginemen  has  an- 
nounced that  in  forthcoming  negotiations  it  will  seek  a  general  wage 
increase,  a  five-day  week  for  employees  in  yard  service  and  certain 
fringe   benefits,   including  an   improved  vacation  plan. 

1720 


Manpower  Situation  in  Local  Areas 


FURTHER  declines  in  indus- 
trial activity  during  November 
resulted  in  a  considerable  increase 
in  the  number  of  idle  workers.  By 
the  first  of  December,  the  number  of 
areas  with  labour  surpluses  had 
increased  to  72  from  38  a  month 
earlier.  These  areas  included  50 
per  cent  of  all  paid  workers  in 
Canada,  compared  with  28  per  cent 
a  month  earlier.  A  corresponding 
decrease  occurred  in  the  number  of 
areas  in  which  labour  demand  and 
supply  were  in  approximate  balance. 


CANADA 

Proportion     of     paid     workers     within    each 
of     the     four     labour    market    groups. 


Per  Cent 


Per  Cent 


9<X 

80 

704 

60 

50 

40 

30h 

20 

10 


SURPLUS   SURPLUS   BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP    1    GROUP    2    GROUP   3     GROUP   4 


A  great  deal  of  the  increase  in 
unemployment  was  the  usual  result 

of  the  oncoming  winter;  but  cpmparison  with  last  year  indicates  a  marked 
non-seasonal  element  in  this  increase.  It  is  evident,  in  fact,  that  employ- 
ment expansion  in  manufacturing  and  other  industries  this  fall  has  not 
been  sufficient  to  absorb  the  additions  to  the  labour  force  during  the 
year.  Although  full-time  employment  continued  to  exceed  last  year's 
level,  the  number  of  areas  with  surplus  labour  supplies  was  almost 
double  the  number  last  year. 


The  rate  of  employment  expansion  was  lower  in  all  regions,  with 
the  possible  exception  of  the  Prairie  Provinces.  The  effect  of  lower 
lumbering  and  logging  operations  this  fall  was  evident  in  British  Colum- 
bia and  the  Maritime  Provinces;  coal  mining  employment  in  Nova  Scotia 
has  dropped  steadily  since  mid-summer.  Contributing  to  the  labour 
surplus  in  Quebec  were  the  early  completion  of  pulpwood  cutting  this 
year  and  lower  textile  production  and,  in  Ontario,  the  continued  low 
level  of  agricultural  implement  production  as  well  as  some  slackening  in 
consumer  durables  manufacturing. 


Labour  Market 
Areas 

Labour  Surplus  * 

Approximate 
Balance  * 

Labour 
Shortage  * 

1 

2 

3 

4 

Dec.  1 
1953 

Dec.   1 
1952 

Dec.  1 
1953 

Dec.    1 
1952 

Dec.   1 
1953 

Dec.    1 
1952 

Dec.   1 
1953 

Dec.   1 

1952 

Metropolitan 
Major  Industrial 
Major  Agricultural 
Minor 

1 
3 

4 

1 

5 
19 

4 
36 

2 
12 

1     . 
13 

4 
8 
10 
17 

8 
17 
12 
42 

- 

1 
1 

1 

Total 

8 

1 

64 

28 

39 

79 

- 

3 

See  inside  back  cover,  Labour  Gazette. 


1721 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  LABOUR  MARKET  AREAS,  DECEMBER  1, 1953 


APPROXIMATE 

LABOUR 

LABOUR  SURPLUS 

BALANCE 

SHORTAGE 

Group  1 

Group  2 

Group  3 

Group  4 

St.  John's 

Calgary 
Hamilton 

Edmonton 
Montreal 

METROPOLITAN  AREAS 

Quebec -Levis 

Ottawa -Hull 

(labour  force  75,000  or  more) 

Vancouver -New 

Westminster 
Winnipeg 

Toronto 

Brantford 

Corner  Brook 

Gueiph 

New  Glasgow 

Cornwall 

Halifax 

Shawinigan  Falls 

Farnham  -  Granby 

Fort  William- 
Port  Arthur 
Joliette 
Lac  St.  Jean 
Moncton 

Kingston 

Kitchener 

London 

Sarnia 

Sudbury 

Timmins- 

MAJOR  INDUSTRIAL  AREAS 

Niagara  Peninsula 
OsnowQ 

Kirkland  Lake 

(labour  force  25,000 -75,000: 

Ptterborouah 
Rouyn-Val  d'Or 
Saint  John 

60  per  cent  or  more  in 

non-agricultural  industry) 

Sherbrooke 

St.  Hyacinthe 

Sydney 

Trois  Rivieres 

Valleyfield- 

Btauharnois 

Victoria 

Windsor 

Thetford  -  Megantic  - 

Barrie 

St.  Georges 

Brandon 

Charlottetown 

Lethbridge 

MAJOR  AGRICULTURAL  AREAS 

Chatham 

Moose  Jaw 

(labour  force  25,000  -75 ,000: 

Riviere  du  Loup 

North  Battleford 
Prince  Albert 
Red  Deer 

40  per  cent  or  more  in  agriculture) 

Regina 

Saskatoon 

Yorkton 

Bathurst 

Belleville -Trenton 

Brampton 

Drummondville 

Bracebridge 

Dawson  Creek 

Prince  George 

Bridgewater 

Drumheller 

St.  Stephen 

Buckingham 
Campbellton 
Central  Vancouver 

Island 
Chilliwack 
Cranbrook 
Dauphin 
Edmundston 
Fredericton 
Gaspe 
Grand  Falls 
Kentville 
Lachute  - 

Ste.  Therese 
Leamington 

Gait 

Goderich 

Ingersoll 

Kamloops 

Listowel 

Medicine  Hat 

Pembroke 

Quebec -North  Shore 

Stratford 

St.  Thomas 

Swift  Current 

Walkerton 

Weyburn 

Woodstock,  Ont. 

MINOR  AREAS 

Lindsay 

(labour  force  10,000-25,000) 

Montmagny 
Newcastle 
North  Bay 
Okanagan  Valley 
Owen  Sound 
Portoge  la  Prairie 
Prince  Rupert 
Rimouski 
Sault  Ste.  Marie 
Simcoe 
Sorel 

Ste.  Agothe- 
St.  Jerome 
St.  Jean 
Summerside 
Trail  -  Nelson 
Truro 

Victorioville 
Woodstock,  N.b. 
Yarmouth 

'■:<- 

Wi 


ATLANTIC 


ATLANTIC 

Proportion     of     poid     workers     within    each 
of    tW*    four    labour    market    groups,    1953. 


Nov.    I t:x::-::-:-: 


SURPLUS 
CROUP  1 


SURPLUS 
CROUP  2 


BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP  3   GROUP  4 


SEASONAL  activities  in  the  Atlan- 
tic region  continued  to  decline 
rapidly  during  November.  Although 
fine  weather  helped  to  maintain 
such  outdoor  activities  as  con- 
struction, heavy  layoffs  occurred 
during  the  month.  As  a  result,  the 
number  of  persons  working  full  time 
fell  from  438,000  to  421,000  during 
the  four-week  period  ending  No- 
vember  21. 

Total  employment  during  No- 
vember was  significantly  lower 
than  a  year  earlier;-labour surpluses 
existed  in  20  of  the  21  areas  in  the 
region  at  December  1.  A  year 
earlier,  balanced  and  surplus  areas  were  in  equal  numbers.  Several 
factors  contributed  to  the  development  of  labour  surpluses  this  year.  The 
most  significant  of  these  was  the  reduction  of  employment  levels  in  coal 
mining  and  iron  and  steel  manufacturing  in  the  industrial  areas  of  Nova 
Scotia.  In  Sydney,  for  example,  Dominion  Coal  Company's  No.  IB  Colliery 
laid  off  1,200  men  in  June  in  order  to  mechanize;  to  date  only  400  have 
been  recalled.  Similarly,  slackening  in  the  demand  for  products  such  as 
power  shovels,  steel  castings  and  structural  steel  caused  employment 
reductions  in  secondary  steel  plants  in  New  Glasgow.  In  general,  lumber 
and  logging  activity  was  also  reduced  throughout  the  region.  In  New 
Brunswick,  for  example,  logging  employment  at  October  1  was  17  per 
cent  lower  than  a  year  earlier.  Ancilliary  operations  such  as  trucking 
and  shipping,  which  are  dependent  on  a  high  level  of  activity  in  forestry, 
were  also  curtailed,  particularly  in  the  areas  along  the  New  Brunswick 
North  Shore. 

Two  areas  in  the  region  changed  from  the  moderate  to  the  substan- 
tial labour  surplus  category  during  the  month;  two  from  the  balanced  to 
the  substantial  surplus  category  and  nine  from  the  balanced  to  the 
moderate  labour  surplus  category.  At  December  1,  Halifax  was  the  only 
area  in  balance,  16  areas  had  moderate  surpluses  and  four  had  substantial 
surpluses. 

Metropolitan  A reas.  The  labour  situation  in  St.  John's,  Nfld.,  changed 
abruptly  during  November  from  one  of  balance  to  one  of  substantial 
surplus.  The  principal  reasons  for  the  change  were  seasonal  slackening 
in  local  construction,  a  sharp  reduction  in  defence  construction  in  the 
outlying  areas  and  the  early  closure  of  a  number  of  logging  camps.  This 
substantial  labour  surplus  developed  somewhat  earlier  this  year  than 
last,  principally  because  of  a  reduction  in  defence  construction  work. 
Reflecting  this  condition,  registrations  of  construction  workers  for  em- 
ployment were   three   times  greater  this   year  than  last. 

Major  Industrial  Areas.  Closure  of  the  Intercolonial  Coal  Company 
at  Westville  brought  the  New  Glasgow  area  into  the  surplus  category. 
In  Sydney,  Moncton  and  Saint  John  there  was  no  change  from  the  moder- 

1724 


ate  surplus  situations  of  a  month  ago.  Halifax,  although  remaining  in 
balance,  tended  towards  a  moderate  surplus.  In  Corner  Brook  a  moderate 
labour  surplus   developed. 

Major  Industrial  and  Minor  Areas,  Labour  surpluses  developed  during 
the  month  in  six  of  the  major  industrial  and  minor  areas.  St.  Stephen 
showed  the  greatest  change,  developing  a  substantial  labour  surplus 
following  layoffs  in  the  textile  industry.  Surpluses  also  existed  in  Char- 
lottetown  and  Summerside  because  of  seasonal  slackening  in  agriculture 
and  construction.  In  Bridgewater,  Edmundston  and  Bathurst,  substantial 
labour  surpluses  accumulated  because  labour  requirements  in  logging 
and  lumbering  were   smaller  than  usual. 

QUEBEC 

EMPLOYMENT  levelled  off  or 
declined  in  most  industries  in  the 
Quebec  region  during  November  as 
winter  weather  affected  nearly  all 
outdoor  activities.  Consequently, 
the  number  of  persons  working 
35  hours  or  more  dropped  by  8,000 
to  1,395,000  during  the  month 
ending  November  21.  The  total 
number  of  persons  at  work  on  that 
date  was  24,000  below  the  seasonal 
peak  in  employment,  reached  on 
September  19. 

Although  employment  continued 
at  higher  levels  than  last  year, 
some  softness  in  the  labour  market 

occurred  during  the  year.  For  example,  a  considerable  amount  of  short- 
time  was  reported  in  the  textile  industry,  where  employment  at  October  1 
was  four  per  cent  lower  than  last  year.  In  addition,  layoffs  were  occurring 
in  the  rubber  industry,  reportedly  as  the  result  of  slow  sales  because 
of  warm  weather,  and  in  the  clothing  and  boot  and  shoe  industries  because 
of  greater  declines  in  sales  than  usual  for  the  season.  Furthermore, 
fewer  persons  were  employed  in  construction  this  year. 

Labour  surpluses  existed  in  nearly  all  areas  of  the  region  by  the 
end  of  November.  In  many  areas,  increases  in  unemployment  had  de- 
veloped two  to  three  months  earlier  than  last  year.  Four  areas  shifted 
from  balance  to  surplus  during  the  month,  bringing  the  total  in  surplus 
categories  to  22.  Of  these,  Drummondville  and  Shawinigan  Falls  had 
substantial  surpluses.  Montreal,  with  about  half  of  the  wage-earners  of 
the  region,  was  close  to  surplus  but  remained  in  the  balanced  category. 
The  only  other  area  without  labour  surpluses  was  the  Quebec  North 
Shore  district. 

Metropolitan  Areas,  Although  the  labour  market  in  Montreal  con- 
tinued in  balance,  the  seasonal  decline  in  activity  was  causing  some 
unemployment.  Residential  building  activities  were  being  maintained 
at  reasonably  high  levels  but  despite  this,  registrations  of  construction 
workers  for  employment  were  steadily  increasing.   Employment  appeared 


QUEBEC 

Proportion     of     paid     workers     within    each 
of     the     four     labour     market    group*,    1953. 

Per  Cent 

90 

80 

70 

60 • Dec.   !  

—    -^wTl 

I 

I 1 

1 

1 

■ 

10 .  ™  ■ 

■ 

SURPLUS       SURPLUS       BALANCE    SHORTAGE 
GROUP    1       GROUP   2       GROUP   3      GROUP   4 

1725 


to  be  more  stable  in  the  iron  and  steel  industries  during  the  month.  Lay- 
offs, however,  were  larger  than  in  the  past  two  years  in  the  clothing, 
rubber  and  leather  products  industries  and  workers  were  beginning  to 
move   into. Montreal  from  outside  areas. 

The  peak  in  logging  employment  was  passed  about  mid-November 
and  labour  surpluses  increased  slightly  in  the  Quebec  City  area  as  a 
result.  Layoffs  in  shipbuilding  and  in  the  boot  and  shoe  industries  raised 
the   number  of  idle  workers  in  this  area  above  that  of  last  year. 

Major  Industrial  Areas.  Labour  surpluses,  which  persisted  through 
the  summer  of  1953  in  Shawinigan  Falls,  rose  rapidly  during  November 
as  year-to-year  decreases  in  the  chemical  and  textile  industries  inten- 
sified the  usual  seasonal  declines.  Moderate  surpluses  continued  in  the 
remaining  eight  areas.  Several  thousand  textile  workers  were  unemployed 
and  an  even  greater  number  was  on  short-time.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
main  difficulty  in  the  northern  areas  was  the  growing  paralysis  of  in- 
dustry resulting  from  the  labour-management  dispute  in  the  gold-mining 
centres. 

Minor  Areas.  Drummondville  developed  a  substantial  labour  surplus 
during  November,  following  the  layoff  of  an  additional  700  workers  from 
the  textile  industry.  At  the  same  time,  St.  Jean,  Rimouski  and  Lachute  — 
Ste.  Therese  shifted  from  balance  to  moderate  surplus,  leaving  only  the 
Quebec  North  Shore  area  in  the  balanced  category.  A  loss  of  export 
markets  was  responsible  for  progressive  layoffs  in  the  sewing-machine 
manufacturing  plant  at  St.  Jean.  Reflecting  this,  a  surplus  developed 
in  the   area  two  months   earlier  than  last  year. 


ONTARIO 

Proportion     of     paid     workers     within    each 
of    the    four    labour    market    groups,    1953. 


ONTARIO 

SEASONAL  declines  in  construction 
and  lake  shipping,  together  with 
scattered  industrial  layoffs  for 
retooling,  changes  in  production 
schedules  and  inventory  adjust- 
ments, increased  unemployment 
throughout  Ontario  during  November. 
The  number  of  persons  seeking 
work  rose  about  20  per  cent  above 
that  of  the  previous  month  and  the 
previous  year.  During  November, 
the  total  number  of  persons  with 
full-time  jobs  decreased  by  about 
30,000  to  1,712,000. 

Employment  in  industries  other 
than  agriculture  continued  at  about 
the  same  level  as  a  year  ago,  slightly  higher  employment  in  the  manu- 
facturing, trade,  public  utility,  transportation  and  logging  industries 
largely  offsetting  year-to-year  reductions  in  mining,  construction,  finance 
and  services.  The  largest  year-to-year  increases  in  manufacturing  were 
in  the  electrical  apparatus  and  non-ferrous  metal  products  industries; 
employment  in  agricultural  implements,  textiles,  clothing,  sawmills  and 
food  and  beverages   was   slightly   lower  than  a  year   earlier. 


BALANCE  SHORTAGE 
GROUP  3   GROUP  4 


1726 


Because  of  the  substantial  growth  in  the  Ontario  labour  force  during 
the  past  year  and  the  fairly  stable  employment  levels  in  the  region, 
seasonal  employment  declines  resulted  in  a  more  rapid  development  of 
labour  surplus  situations  throughout  the  region  than  was  the  case  in 
1952.  By  the  end  of  November,  16  of  the  36  local  areas  had  labour  sur- 
pluses, compared  with  only  three  at  the  same   time   last  year. 

Metropolitan  Areas.  In  Hamilton,  further  industrial  layoffs,  and  the 
registration  of  workers  from  the  Ford  Company  in  Oakville,  brought  the 
area  into  the  surplus  category.  Many  of  the  workers  laid  off,  however, 
were  to  be  recalled  early  in  December.  Both  the  Toronto  and  Ottawa 
labour  markets  continued  in  approximate  balance,  although  the  surplus 
of  unskilled  construction  workers  was  growing,  particularly  in  Toronto. 

Major  Industrial  Areas.  During  November,  employment  in  most  of 
the  major  industrial  areas  declined  substantially.  Automobile  and  parts 
plants  shut  down  for  retooling,  mild  weather  reduced  the  demand  for 
rubber  footwear,  furs,  and  winter  clothing  and  the  agricultural  implement 
and  textile  industries  continued  to  operate  at  low  levels.  A  few  tempo- 
rary layoffs  also  occurred  in  the  iron  and  steel,  household  furniture  and 
electrical  appliance  industries  to  allow  for  inventory  adjustments,  changes 
in  production  schedules  or  slackening  demand.  At  the  end  of  November, 
seven  of  the  thirteen  areas  still  had  balanced  labour  markets.  Peter- 
borough and  the  Niagara  Peninsula  accumulated  surpluses  during  the 
month,  and  Brantford  developed  a  substantial  surplus;  the  surplus  in 
Windsor  declined  slightly.  Oshawa  moved  from  the  substantial  to  the 
moderate  surplus  category  and  Cornwall  continued  to  have  a  moderate 
labour  surplus. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas.  An  inflow  of  workers  from  strike- 
bound mining  areas,  the  completion  of  road  work,  seasonal  sawmill  clo- 
sures and  the  completion  of  canning  and  tobacco  processing  increased 
available  labour  supply  in  many  of  the  smaller  centers  in  Ontario.  By  the 
end  of  the  month,  Bracebridge,  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  North  Bay,  Lindsay, 
Chatham,  Belleville-Trenton,  Leamington,  Simcoe  and  Owen  Sound  had 
labour  surpluses. 

PRAIRIE 

FARM  operations  came  to  a  virtual 
standstill  in  the  Prairie  region  du- 
ring November  and  non-agricultural 
activity  declined  somewhat  more 
rapidly  than  last  fall.  By  the  third 
week  of  November,  persons  employ- 
ed 35  hours  or  more  numbered 
820,000,  a  decrease  of  52,000  from 
a  month  earlier  and  a  slight  in- 
crease  from  last  year. 

October  retail  sales  were  four 
per  cent  higher  in  the  region  than  a 
year  earlier  and  this  trend  continued 
in  the  larger  centres  during  No- 
vember. In  some  country  districts, 
however,   the  volume   of  sales  was 


PRAIRIE 

Proportion     of    paid    workers     within    •och 
of     the    four     labour    market    groups,     1953. 

Cant 


90 

No> 

•   '1 

\ 

80 

\  1 

- 

m 

I 

SURPLUS 
GROUP  1 


SURPLUS 
GROUP  2 


1727 


appreciably  lower  than  last  year  because  of  a  smaller  demand  for  cloth- 
ing,  household  appliances,  automobiles  and  farm  machinery. 

Seasonal  lay-offs  in  construction  continued  but  construction  em- 
ployment remained  higher  than  a  year  earlier  in  all  three  provinces  and 
the  value  of  new  construction  permits  issued  this  fall  was  substantially 
greater.  Little  significant  change  has  occurred  in  manufacturing,  apart 
from  a  greater-than-usual  employment  decline  in  the  clothing  industry. 
Production  and  employment  in  meat-packing,  flour  mills,  paper  mills  and 
sugar  factories  exceeded  the  levels  of  a  year  ago. 

The  more  rapid  seasonal  decline  in  employment  this  year  was  ac- 
companied by  a  considerable  increase  in  the  number  of  persons  seeking 
work,  which  resulted  in  part  from  a  larger  movement  of  workers  from 
rural  areas  to  urban  centres.  Labour  surpluses  developed  in  five  areas 
during  the  month,  including  two  of  the  three  metropolitan  centres  in  the 
region.  Last  November  only  one  area  (Fort  William  — Port  Arthur)  was 
in  surplus  while  labour  shortages  still  prevailed  in  two  areas. 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas,  Winnipeg  and  Calgary  came 
into  the  moderate  labour  surplus  category  about  a  month  earlier  than  last 
year.  The  unusually  mild  weather  reduced  sales  and  employment  in  the 
clothing  industry  but,  at  the  same  time,  delayed  the  seasonal  down-turn 
in  construction  and  other  outdoor  work.  Much  of  the  increase  in  labour 
supply  was  attributable  to  the  slow  movement  of  grain,  which  caused  a 
large  number  of  workers  from  farm  districts  to  seek  urban  jobs  for  the 
winter.  Labour  supply  also  eased  in  Edmonton  but  not  sufficiently  to 
justify  reclassification  from  the  balanced  labour  market  category. 

The  situation  in  Fort  William  — Port  Arthur  at  the  beginning  of 
December  was  about  the  same  as  a  year  earlier.  Employment  prospects 
for  the  winter  months  were  less  favorable,  however,  owing  to  the  early 
completion  of  pulpwood  production  quotas,  the  closing  of  a  number  of 
construction  projects  because  of  a  carpenters'  strike  this  fall  and  the 
completion  of  a  lake  carrier  without  equivalent  volume  of  work  to  re- 
place  it. 

Major  Agricultural  and  Minor  Areas,  Labour  demand  in  all  agri- 
cultural and  minor  areas  eased  substantially  during  the  month,  although 
only  two  areas  moved  into  the  surplus  category.  The  seasonal  release 
of  workers  from  road  and  railway  maintenance  and  construction  oper- 
ations, as  well  as  a  large  inflow  of  farm  workers  seeking  urban  employ- 
ment for  the  winter,   contributed  to  the   increased  labour  supplies. 

PACIFIC 

EMPLOYMENT  conditions  in  the  Pacific  region  during  November  were 
adversely  affected  by  the  seasonal  downturn  in  construction  and  fruit- 
processing  and  by  a  further  decline  in  lumber  production.  As  a  result, 
the  demand  for  labour  diminished  and  full-time  employment  fell  from 
375,000  to  366,000  a  decrease  of  about  20,000  from  the  November, 
1952  level. 

Little  progress  was  made  in  settling  the  strike  of  woods  workers 
in  the  B.C.  interior.  The  strike,  now  in  its  second  month,  involves  3,000 


1728 


PACIFIC 
Proportion     of    paid     workers     within    each 
of     the     four     labour     market    groups,    1953. 


Dec.    1 


SURPLUS 
GROUP   2 


BALANCE    SHORTAGE 
GROUP   3      GROUP   4 


workers  directly  and  affects  many 
thousands  indirectly.  In  other  lum- 
bering areas  in  the  region,  product- 
ion and  employment  have  been  fall- 
ing since  mid-summer  owing  to  ex- 
cessive stocks  of  logs  and  finished 
lumber.  The  decline  in  plywood 
output  has  been  particularly  sharp 
recently.  Base  metal  production  has 
also  been  declining  steadily  since 
the  beginning  of  the  year. 

The  effect  of  these  develop- 
ments is  reflected  in  an  employ- 
ment trend  contrasting  markedly 
with  that  of  last  year.  Between 
August  and  November,  1953,  full- 
time  employment  decreased  by  more 
than  5,000,  whereas   last  year  it  increased  by  more  than  10,000. 

The  decline  in  labour  demand  during  the  month  brought  four  addition- 
al areas  (Cranbrook,  Central  Vancouver  Island,  Chilliwack  and  Okanagan 
Valley)  into  the  moderate  labour  surplus  category;  nine  of  the  ten  labour 
market  areas  in  the  region  were  in  surplus  categories  by  December  1, 
compared  with  five   a  year  earlier. 

Metropolitan  and  Major  Industrial  Areas.  Although  layoffs  from 
sawmills,  plywood  and  machinery  repair  firms  continued  during  November, 
the  level  of  activity  in  the  Vancouver— New  Westminster  area  was  sus- 
tained by  a  substantial  volume  of  residential  and  commercial  construct- 
tion.  This  area,  however,  is  affected  by  conditions  in  outlying  districts 
to  a  greater  extent  than  other  metropolitan  centres  because  of  the  high 
degree  of  labour  mobility  in  the  Pacific  region.  The  labour  surplus  in- 
creased substantially  during  November;  more  than  half  the  additional 
persons  applying  for  work  came  from  points  outside  the  area. 

In  Victoria,  various  factors,  including  rains  during  the  month  and 
temporary  lumber  mill  shutdowns,  contributed  to  a  decline  in  employment. 
The  labour  surplus,  which  developed  about  a  month  earlier  than  last 
year,  continued  to  grow  during  November. 

Minor  Areas.  Declining  activity  was  most  evident  in  the  minor  areas 
of  the  region.  Employment  in  Prince  George,  already  heavily  affected  by 
the  lumbering  dispute,  was  further  reduced  by  the  winter  shutdown  of 
construction  projects.  The  effects  of  the  gradual  reduction  in  base  metal 
production  were  largely  concentrated  in  Trail— Nelson  and,  to  a  lesser 
extent,  in  Cranbrook.  The  continued  low  price  of  zinc  in  particular 
caused  additional  closures  or  reduced  production  among  mines  and 
smelters  during  November.  The  main  cause  of  labour  surplus  in  Central 
Vancouver  Island  was  a  decline  in  logging  operations,  which  was  partly 
seasonal  in  character.  Chilliwack  and  Prince  Rupert  also  had  moderate 
surpluses   as   a  result  of  seasonal   declines   in  agriculture   and  fishing. 


1729 


Current  Labour  Statistics 


(Latest  available  statistics  as  of  December  10,  1953) 


Principal  Items 


Date 


Amount 


Percentage  Change 
From 


Previous 
Month 


Previous 
Year 


Manpower 

Total  civilian  labour  force  (a)  

Persons  at  work  35  hours  or  more    

Persons  at  work  less  than  35  hours  .. 

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more   

On  short  time    

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours  .... 

Persons  with  jobs  not  at  work   

Usually  work  35  hours  or  more   

Usually  work  less  than  35  hours  .... 

Persons  without  jobs  &  seeking  work 

Persons  not  in  the  labour  force   


Registered  for  work,  NES  (b) 
Atlantic    


Quebec     

Ontario     

Prairie     

Pacific     

Total,  all  regions 


Ordinary  claims  for  Unemployment 

Insurance  benefit  

Amount  of  benefit  payments  


Index  of  employment  (1949  =100) 
Immigration   


Industrial  Relations 

Strikes  and  lockouts  —  days  lost 

No.  of  workers  involved  

No.  of  strikes  ..'. 


Earnings  and  Income 

Average  weekly  wages  and  salaries 

Average  hourly  earnings  (mfg.) 

Average  hours  worked  per  week  (mfg.) 

Average  weekly  earnings  (mfg.)  

Consumer  price  index  (av.  1949  =  100)  

Real  weekly  earnings  (mfg.  av.  1949  =  100) 
Total  labour  income  $000,000 


Industrial  Production 
Total  (average  1935- 

Manufacturing  

Durables  

Non-Durables    .. 


39=100) 


Nov.  21 
Nov.  21 
Nov.  21 
Nov.  21 
Nov.  21 
Nov.  21 
Nov.  21 
Nov.  21 
Nov.  21 
Nov.  21 
Nov.  21 


Nov.  19 
Nov.  19 
Nov.  19 
Nov.  19 
Nov.  19 
Nov.  19 


Nov.     1 
Oct. 

Oct.      1 


Oct. 


Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Oci. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Oct. 
Sept. 


Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 


5,316,000 

4,714,000 

322,000 

128,000 

49,000 

194,000 

129,000 

125,000 

* 

151,000 
4,791,000 


34,667 
79,293 
83,982 
32,075 
36,026 
266,043 


153,604 
$7,603,667 

116.8 

18,624 


287,316 

19,298 

35 


$58.12 

$1.37 

41.5 

$56.73 
116.2 
116.5 
1,012 


255.0 
267.9 
320.3 
234.4 


-  0.7 

-  2.4 
+12.6 
+23.1 
+32.4 
+  6.6 
+  4.0 
+  3.3 

+36.0 
+  1.0 


+39.7 
+37.4 
+33.9 
+56.1 
+37.7 
+38.6 


+28.7 
+12.8 

+  0.2 

+49.3 


0.9 
0.7 
1.2 
2.0 
0.4 
1.5 
1.9 


+  2.7 
+  2.4 
+  3.0 
+  1.8 


+47.1 
+42.3 
+67.0 
+43.9 
+31.1 
+48.3 


+37.7 
+33.1 

+  0.3 


1.7(c) 


■62.7(c) 
-55.4(c) 
-25.7(c) 


5.4 
5.2 
1.4 
3.7 
0.1 
3.1 


+  8.7 


+  4.5 
+  4.4 

+  4.7 
+  4.2 


(a),   (b):  See  inside  back  cover,  Labour  Gazette. 

(c)  These  percentages  compare  the  cumulative  total  to  date  from  first  of  current  year  with 
total  for  same  period  previous   year. 

♦Less   than   10,000. 

1730 


Motes  of 
Current 
Interest 

IVcti?   Co-Chairman  Named 
For  Manpower   Council 

Arthur  H.  Brown,  Deputy  Minister  of 
Labour,  has  been  appointed  one  of  the 
two  chairmen  of  the  National  Advisory 
Council  on  Manpower,  replacing  Dr.  A. 
MacNamara,   who   retired  last   March. 

The  other  chairman  is  R.  B.  Bryce, 
Clerk  of  the  Privy  Council,  who  replaces 
Norman  Robertson,  the  former  holder  of 
that  office. 

The  purpose  of  the  Council,  set  up  in 
February  1951,  is  to  study  manpower 
problems  in  Canada  and  to  advise  the 
Minister  of  Labour  on  the  most  effective 
utilization  of  the  present  and  potential 
Canadian  working  force. 

Members  of  the  Council,  as  of  October 
1953,  are:— 

Representatives  of  Labour:  Percy  R. 
Bengough,  President,  Trades  and  Labour 
Congress  of  Canada;  Donald  MacDonald, 
Secretary-Treasurer,  Canadian  Congress  of 
Labour;  Gerard  Picard,  President,  Cana- 
dian and  Catholic  Confederation  of  Labour; 
and  James  B.  Ward,  Secretary,  Dominion 
Joint  Legislative  Committee  of  the  Rail- 
way Transportation  Brotherhoods. 

Representatives  of  Employers:  Hugh  A. 
Crombie,  Vice-President  and  Treasurer, 
Dominion  Engineering  Works  Limited; 
Allan  C.  Ross,  President,  Ross-Meagher 
Limited;  Philip  Gruchy,  First  Vice- 
President  and  Director,  Anglo-Newfound- 
land Development  Company;  and  William 
Mainwaring,  "V  ice-President  and  Assistant 
to  the  President,  British  Columbia 
Electric. 

Representatives  of  Agriculture:  George 
Robertson,  Secretary.  Saskatchewan  Wheat 
Pool;  and  J.  A.  Marion,  Vice-President, 
Canadian  Federation  of  Agriculture. 

Representatives  of  Women:  Mrs.  A. 
Turner  Bone,  President,  National  Council 
of  Women;  and  Mrs.  Flore  D.  Jutras. 

Representatives  of  Veterans:  Lt.-Col. 
E.  A.  Baker,  Chairman,  National  Council 
of  Veterans  Associations  in  Canada;  and 
J.  K.  Kennedy,  Second  Vice-President, 
Dominion  Command,  Canadian  Legion  of 
the  BESL. 

Representatives  of  Industry:  T.  R. 
McLagan,    President,    Canadian    Industrial 

81725—2 


Preparedness  Association;  and  J.  A.  H. 
Paterson,  President,  Canadian  Metal 
Mining  Association. 

Ex-officio  Members:  A.  J.  MacNamara, 
Chairman  pro  tern,  Unemployment  Insur- 
ance Advisory  Committee;  and  Judge 
W.  J.  Lindal,  Chairman,  National  Employ- 
ment Committee. 

Representatives  of  Divisions  of  Govern- 
ment Services:  C.  H.  Bland,  Chairman, 
Civil  Service  Commission;  Dr.  J.  G. 
Taggart,  Deputy  Minister  of  Agriculture; 
Laval  Fortier,  Deputy  Minister  of  Citizen- 
ship and  Immigration;  T.  N.  Beaupre, 
Assistant  Deputy  Minister  of  Defence 
Production;  J.  F.  Parkinson,  Finance 
Officer,  Department  of  Finance;  Stewart 
Bates,  Deputy  Minister  of  Fisheries;  L.  H. 
•Nicholson,  Commissioner,  RCMP;  J.  G. 
Bisson,  Chief  Commissioner,  Unemploy- 
ment Insurance  Commission;  George  V. 
Haythorne,  Assistant  Deputy  Minister  of 
Labour;  Ian  Campbell,  National  Co- 
ordinator of  Civilian  Rehabilitation  Ser- 
vices; Marc  Boyer,  Deputy  Minister  of 
Mines  and  Technical  Surveys;  C.  M. 
Drury,  Deputy  Minister  of  National 
Defence;  Maj.-Gen.  Hugh  A.  Young, 
Deputy  Minister  of  Resources  and  Develop- 
ment; Charles  Stein,  Under-Secretary  of 
State;  W.  W.  Sharp,  Associate  Deputy 
Minister  of  Trade  and  Commerce;  and 
E.  L.  M.  Burns,  .Deputy  Minister  of 
Veterans  Affairs. 


Employment,   Payrolls, 
Average  Wages  Increase 

Industrial  employment,  payrolls  and  aver- 
age weekly  wages  and  salaries  all  rose  to 
higher  levels  at  the  beginning  of  September 
than  at  a  month  and  year  earlier,  the 
Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics  has  reported. 

The  September  1  index  of  industrial 
employment  (1939  =  100)  stood  at  193-5 
compared  with  192-4  for  August  1  and 
190-6  for  September  1,  1952. 

The  payrolls  index  was  475-3  compared 
with  471-4  a  month  earlier  and  442-7  a 
year  ago. 

Weekly  wages  and  salaries  averaged 
$57.65  compared  with  $57.52  at  the  begin- 
ning of  August  and  $54.55  at  the  same  time 
last  year. 

In  future,  index  numbers  of  employ- 
ment, payrolls  and  average  weekly  earn- 
ings will  be  on  the  1949  base,  the  Bureau 
has  announced.  A  bulletin  has  been 
published  containing  an  historical  employ- 
ment series  on  the  new  base  dating  from 
1921  up  to  and  including  June  1953.  The 
record  from  June  1,  1953,  will  be  carried 
in  the  next  issue  of  the  regular  monthly 
employment  and  payrolls  report. 

1731 


Labour  Income   Climbs 
To   4th   Successive  High 

For  the  fourth  month  in  a  row,  Cana- 
dian labour  income  climbed  to  a  new  high 
in  August,  the  Dominion  Bureau  of 
Statistics  has  reported.  The  estimated  total 
for  that  month,  $993,000,000,  surpassed  the 
July  estimate  by  $7,000,000  and  exceeded 
by  $74,000,000  that  for  August  1952. 

This  year's  August  income  advanced 
eight  per  cent  over  last  August's. 

l.S.   Employment,   Hiring 
Fail   to   Make   Usual  Rise 

Although  non-farm  employment  in  the 
United  States  increased  less  than  usually 
between  August  and  September,  the 
number  of  employees  on  non-farm  payrolls 
in  September  was  at  an  all-time  high  for 
the  month,  the  United  States  Bureau  of 
Labor  Statistics  has  reported.  The  49-6 
million  non-farm  workers  were  700,000  more 
than  last  September's. 

Non-farm  employment  increased  by 
200,000  between  mid-August  and  mid- 
September,  compared  with  an  August- 
to-September  average  gain  of  half  a 
million  in  the  post-war  period.  This  was 
the  second  month  in  which  the  rise  in 
employment  was  less  than  usual. 

The  Bureau  announced  at  the  same  time 
that  the  factory  work-week  remained 
virtually  unchanged  between  July  and 
August,  a  period  of  usual  seasonal  in- 
crease. However,  at  40-5  hours,  the 
average  work-week  in  manufacturing  plants 
in  mid-August  was  the  same  as  a  year 
earlier  and  only  about  one-half  hour  below 
the  post-war  high  for  the  month,  reached 
in  1950. 

Hiring  rates,  too,  between  July  and 
August  did  not  take  the  upswing  usually 
reported  at  this  time  of  year.  Manufac- 
turing plants  added  workers  to  their  pay- 
rolls at  a  rate  of  42  per  1,000  employees 
in  August,  about  25  per  cent  below  the 
post-war  average  for  the  month. 

ILK.   Unemployment  Rose 
Slightly  in  September 

Unemployment  in  the  United  Kingdom 
increased  slightly  in  September,  partly 
because  of  a  seasonal  decline  in  the 
numbers  employed  in  agriculture,  road 
transport,  catering  and  the  distributive 
trades. 

By  October  12,  the  number  of  unem- 
ployed was  about  1-5  per  cent  of  the 
estimated  total  number  at  work,  compared 
with  1-4  per  cent  on  September  14  and 
1-9  per  cent  in  October  1952. 


During  September  the  labour  force  in 
manufacturing  industries  increased  rapidly. 
The  number  at  work  in  engineering  rose 
by  15,000,  in  vehicle  manufacturing  by 
8,000  and  in  textile  industries  by  8,000. 

Labour  Presents  Briefs 
To   Federal   Cabinet 

Canada's  four  major  labour  organiza- 
tions have  presented  their  annual  briefs 
to  the  Cabinet. 

The  Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of 
Canada  met  the  Government  December  2, 
the  Canadian  and  Catholic  Confederation 
of  Labour  and  the  Dominion  Joint  Legis- 
lative Committee  of  the  Railway  Trans- 
poration  Brotherhoods  on  December  4,  and 
the  Canadian  Congress  of  Labour  on 
December  10. 

These  annual  submissions  are  usually 
made  early  in  the  year.  Because  Prime 
Minister  St.  Laurent  is  leaving  in  February 
for  a  round-the-world  trip,  the  presenta- 
tion of  labour  memoranda  was  advanced 
this  year. 

Details  of  the  four  briefs  and  the  Gov- 
ernment's reply  to  each  will  appear  in  the 
January  issue  of  the  Labour  Gazette. 


Joseph  P.   Ryan  Resigns 
From  ILA  Presidency 

Although  a  special  convention  of  the 
International  Longshoremen's  Association 
in  Philadelphia  last  month  absolved  him 
of  all  charges  of  stealing  the  union's  funds, 
Joseph  P.  Ryan  resigned  from  the  presi- 
dency of  the  union,  a  position  he  had  held 
for  26  years  and  which  was  his  for  life 
had  he  so  wished. 

He  told  the  delegates  that  his  "continua- 
tion as  president  may  well  stand  in  the 
way  of  the  future  welfare  of  the  ILA, 
both  in  its  relationship  with  the  rest  of 
the  labour  world  and  otherwise."  He 
acknowledged  that  in  the  public  eye  he 
had  become  a  symbol  of  all  that  was  wrong 
with  the  pier  union. 

Capt.  William  V.  Bradley,  head  of  the 
union's  tugboat  division,  was  then  elected 
to  a  four-year  term  as  ILA  president.  Mr. 
Ryan  was  named  president  emeritus  at  an 
annual  pension  of  $10,000. 

The  retiring  president  was  first  elected 
to  the  post  in  1927  and  was  re-elected 
every  four  years  until  1943,  when  he 
became  lifetime  president. 

Capt.  Bradley  is  a  native  of  Kingston, 
N.Y.,  who  became  a  deck  hand  at  the 
age  of  14  and  received  captain's  papers 
when  he  was  21.  He  joined  his  first  union 
in  1933  and  became  president  of  the  ILA's 
tugboat  division  in  1937. 


1732 


Upward  Housing   Trend 
Continued  in  September 

The  upward  trend  in  the  construction  of 
new  dwelling  units  was  continued  in 
September  when  10,208  were  started,  com- 
pared with  8,529  in  the  same  month  last 
year,  and  8,643  were  completed,  compared 
with  5,819. 

In  the  first  nine  months  this  year, 
starts  increased  to  79,671  from  62,040  in 
January-September  1952  and  completions 
rose  to  62,407  from  46,785. 

Under  construction  at  the  end  of 
September  were  73,055  units,  compared 
with  59,113  a  year  earlier. 

The  average  construction  time  for  dwell- 
ings completed  in  September  was  5-2 
months — the  lowest  this  year — compared 
with  6-4  months  in  August  and  6-9  months 
a  year  earlier. 

U.S.   Housing  Starts 
Drop  4,000  in  October 

Non-farm  housing  starts  in  the  United 
States  totalled  88,000  in  October,  about 
4,000  fewer  than  in  September,  according 
to  preliminary  estimates  of  the  Bureau  of 
Labor  Statistics,  U.S.  Department  of  Labor. 

Private  starts  were  1,000  below  the 
September  figure  and  publicly-owned  hous- 
ing starts  dropped  from  the  3,000  recorded 
in  September  to  fewer  than  50  in  October. 

I  This  is  the  first  time  in  more  than  six 
years  that  the  monthly  housing  starts 
report  did  not  include  some  public  units. 
During  the  first  ten  months  this  year, 
privately-owned  housing  starts  totalled 
919,500,  slightly  more  than  in  January- 
October  1952  and  above  the  total  for  any 
comparable  period  except  in  the  boom  year 
1950.  Because  of  an  over-all  decline  in 
public  starts  this  year,  however,  the  total 
of  private  and  public  dwelling  units  begun 
lagged  slightly  behind  both  1951  and  1952 
when  the  first  ten  months  of  these  years 
are  compared;  it  was  also  considerably 
below  the  1950  total  for  the  same  period. 
Britain  Completes  28,516 
Houses  in  September 

The  number  of  housing  completions  in 
Great  Britain  in  September— 28,516 — was 
the  second  highest  monthly  total  since  the 
war.  The  highest  was  in  March  this  year, 
when  28,729  were  completed. 

For  the  first  nine  months  of  this  year, 
225,863  permanent  houses  were  built,  com- 
pared with  171,093  in  the  same  period  last 
year,  a  32-per-cent  increase. 


81725— 2£ 


There  were  322,051  houses  under  construc- 
tion at  the  end  of  September,  compared 
with  276,060  at  the  end  of  the  same  month 
last  year. 


Must  Change  Attitude 

To  Older  Worker — Martin 

A  change  in  our  whole  attitude  to  the 
employment  of  older  workers  is  necessary 
if  we  are  to  prevent  a  waste  of  manpower, 
said  Hon.  Paul  Martin,  Minister  of 
National  Health  and  Welfare,  recently. 

Speaking  to  the  central  council  of  the 
Canadian  Red  Cross  Society  in  Toronto, 
Mr.  Martin  said  advances  in  medical 
science  since  1900  have  extended  the 
average  life  span  20  years.  Canada  now 
has  800,000  persons  over  70  years  of  "age 
and  by  1971  will  have  more  than  1,200,000, 
he  estimated. 

"One  of  the  problems  of  an  ageing 
population,"  he  said,  "is  that  of  finding 
useful  and  productive  employment  for 
older  persons  still  willing  and  able  to 
work.  Although  a  man's  calendar  age  may 
bear  little  relationship  to  his  ability  to  do 
a  job,  it  has  become  increasingly  difficult 
after  a  certain  age  to  find  suitable  employ- 
ment in  industry." 

Mr.  Martin  pointed  out  that  our  way  of 
living  is  directed  for  the  most  part  to  the 
interests  of  younger  people. 

"Our  problem,"  he  continued,  "is  to 
readapt  our  thinking  so  that  we  can  keep 
our  senior  citizens  from  becoming  'displaced 
persons',  cut  adrift  from  their  intellectual, 
cultural  and  spiritual  anchors,  existing 
among  us  but  not  really  a  vital  and 
essential  part  of  our  society. 

"Our  task,  then,  must  be  to  make  sure 
that  the  extra  years  that  have  been  added 
to  man's  life  will  be  useful,  satisfying  and 
productive  years.  Society  must  not  take 
away  the  years  which  science  has  provided." 


British  Throne  Speech 
Forecasts  Labour  Laws 

Legislation  of  interest  to  labour  men- 
tioned in  the  Queen's  speech  from  the 
throne  at  the  opening  of  the  British 
Parliament  in  November  included  a  pro- 
posal to  consolidate  and  extend  the  laws 
on  the  safety,  health  and  welfare  of 
miners  and  quarrymen.  Other  laws  will 
be  proposed  to  provide  benefit  for  certain 
further  cases  of  disablement  from  indus- 
trial diseases,  to  amend  and  consolidate 
the  law  relating  to  food  and  drugs  and  to 
restrict  night  working  in  the  baking 
industry. 

1733 


CIO   Textile   Workers 
Meet   Federal   Cabinet 

Delegates  of  the  Textile  Workers'  Union 
of  America  (CIO-CCL)  presented  a  brief 
on  unemployment  in  the  textile  industo' 
to  five  cabinet  ministers  at  Ottawa 
November  17. 

The  delegation  of  more  than  200  repre- 
sentatives from  96  locals  from  Nova  Scotia, 
New  Brunswick,  Ontario,  and  Quebec  was 
headed  by  Harold  D'Aoust,  the  union's 
Canadian  Director. 

The  brief  called  especially  for  safeguards 
against  the  importation  of  inexpensive  goods 
from  Japan,  protection  against  dumping, 
and  limitation  of  imports  to  encourage  the 
growth  of  a  prosperous  Canadian  textile 
industry. 

The  union  explained  that  emplojmient 
had  dropped  from  104,000  persons  in 
April  1951  to  82,328  persons  in  July  1952. 
In  April  1953  employment  was  at  its  new 
peak  of  95,300,  a  reduction  of  9,000  from 
April  1951. 

Fourteen  mills  have  been  liquidated  in 
the  past  year,  the  union  said,  and  the 
average  weekly  hours  of  work  in  the 
industry  had  declined  from  42-6  in  April 
1953  to  well  below  40  at  present. 

The  delegation  stated  that  the  Canadian 
textile  industry  had  provided  some  70  to 
75  per  cent  of  the  domestic  market  prior 
to  the  war,  whereas  in  1952  Canadian  mills 
produced  56  per  cent  and  in  1953  were 
expected  to  produce  only  53  per  cent. 

Cabinet  ministers  who  heard  the 
delegation  were:  Trade  Minister  Howe, 
Labour  Minister  Gregg,  Transport  Minister 
Chevrier,  Revenue  Minister  McCann,  and 
Finance  Minister  Abbott. 

The  Ministers  promised  to  tighten  the 
anti-dumping  laws  against  cheap  foreign 
goods  competing  with  the  Canadian  textile 
industry  but  maintained  that  the  problems 
of  the  industry  were  not  attributable  to 
the  Government's  trade  policy. 


Textile.   Farm   Implement 
Imports  Higher  Than   1952 

Imports  of  wool  products  and  farm 
implements  and  machinery  were  higher  in 
August  this  year  than  in  the  same  month 
last  year,  according  to  a  recent  report  of 
the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics.  Imports 
of  cotton  products  were  slightly  lower. 

In  August  this  year,  the  value  of  wool 
products  imported  into  Canada  was 
$7,088,000.  In  August  1952  it  was 
$5,075,000.  Value  of  imported  farm  imple- 
ments and  machinery  in  August  this  year 
was  $17,351,000  compared  with  $14,435,000 
in  August  1952. 

1734 


Cotton  products  imported  in  August  this 
year  were  worth  $5,921,000  compared  with 
$6,056,000  in  August  1952. 

For  the  eight-month  period  January  to 
August  this  year,  imports  of  all  three 
products  were  greater  than  for  the  same 
period  in  1952.  During  these  eight  months 
of  1953,  value  of  imported  wool  products 
was  $50,371,000  compared  with  $33,221,000 
for  the  first  eight  months  of  1952;  value 
of  farm  implements  and  machinery  was 
$171,959,000  compared  with  $150,189,000; 
and  value  of  cotton  products  was  $65,386,000 
compared  with  $51,004,000. 


Alta.  Names  Successor 
To  Late  Labour  Minister 

Norman  A.  Willmore  was  sworn  in 
November  10  as  Minister  of  the  Alberta 
Department  of  Industries  and  Labour.  He 
fills  the  post  left  vacant  by  the  death 
October  29  of  Hon.  Dr.  John  L.  Robinson. 

Mr.  Willmore,  born  at  Fessenden,  North 
Dakota,  of  Danish  parents,  came  to 
Canada  in  1915  and  was  educated  at 
Edmonton.  He  later  established  himself 
at  Edson  where  he  went  into  the  clothing 
and  shoe  business.  He  is  a  former  member 
of  the  town  council  of  Edson. 

Dr.  Robinson,  a  Medicine  Hat  chiro- 
practor before  being  appointed  to  the 
provincial  Cabinet  in  May  1948,  was  a 
native  of  Belfast,  Ireland.  He  was  first 
elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1935. 


Newfoundland  Fishermen 
SeeU   TLC   Affiliation 

The  Newfoundland  Federation  of  Fisher- 
men, at  its  second  annual  convention  at 
Bonavista  early  last  month,  voted  to  join 
the  Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada. 
The  unanimous  decision  was  taken  after 
Max  Swerdlow.  TLC  Director  of  Organ- 
ization and  Education,  and  W.  Frank 
Chafe,  TLC  Maritime  Representative,  had 
addressed  the  convention. 

Major  resolutions  adopted  urged  the 
Department  of  Trade  and  Commerce  to 
try  to  regain  the  Brazilian  market  for  the 
sale  of  salted  shore-cured  small  Maderia 
fish,  protection  from  the  foreign  fishing 
fleets,  standardization  in  the  selection  of 
culls,  and  a  system  of  distribution  of  salt 
to  the  fishermen  at  a  uniform  price. 

The  convention  elected  President  Abbott 
of  Bonavista  by  acclamation,  and  returned 
Max  Lane  as  General  Secretary  and  Pat 
Antle  as  Treasurer. 

The  Federation  has  about  8,000  members 
in  240  locals. 


Need  for  Apprentices 
Said   Urgent  in   U.S.,   Too 

"If  we  are  to  take  proper  account  of 
our  future  needs  it  is  necessary  that 
management  and  labour  act  now  to  expand 
our  training  programs,"  said  New  York's 
Industrial  Commissioner  Edward  Corsi  at 
the  New  York  State  Apprenticeship  Con- 
ference in  Brooklyn  recently. 

This  is  similar  to  the  views  expressed 
by  Canadian  officials  at  the  conference  of 
the  Apprenticeship  Advisory  Committee  in 
Ottawa  in  October  (L.G.,  Nov.,  p.  1608). 

"Inadequate  in  Volume" 

Mr.  Corsi  said:  "Our  present  training  is 
inadequate  in  volume  not  only  to  meet  the 
needs  of  defence;  it  is  not  even  sufficient 
to  permit  replacement  of  those  who  retire 
from  the  skilled  crafts  because  of  death  or 
retirement." 

Other  speakers  at  the  conference  were 
Charles  H.  Edgar,  Acting  Chairman  of  the 
New  York  State  Apprenticeship  Council, 
who  said  there  are  barely  enough  men  in 
training  now  to  satisfy  regular  industrial 
needs  in  the  United  States,  and  Gerald  W. 
Waldbillig,  President  of  the  New  York 
State  Building  Employers  Association,  who 
said  the  material  well-being  of  the  nation 
would  suffer  if  it  lacked  skilled  manpower. 

Thomas  A.  Murray,  President  of  the 
New  York  State  Federation  of  Labor,  said 
the  trade  union  movement  would  continue 
to  support  apprenticeship  training  with  all 
its  resources. 


British   Columbia   Passes 
Equal  Pay  Latv 

A  third  province,  British  Columbia,  has 
enacted  an  equal  pay  law.  Ontario  and 
Saskatchewan  have  similar  laws  in  effect. 

The  British  Columbia  Act,  passed  at  the 
second  session  of  the  Legislature  in  1953. 
received  Royal  Assent  on  October  17  and 
will  come  into  force  on  proclamation. 

Act's   Provisions 

The  Act  prohibits  an  employer  from 
paying  a  female  employee  at  a  lower  rate 
than  a  male  employee  when  she  does  the 
same  work  in  the  same  establishment. 
Inquiry  into  a  complaint  by  an  inspector 
of  the  Department  of  Labour  and,  where 
he  is  unable  to  adjust  the  complaint,  a 
hearing  by  the  Board  of  Industrial  Rela- 
tions, which  administers  hours  and 
minimum  wage  legislation,  are  provided  for. 

The  Act  will  be  reviewed  in  greater 
detail  in  the  January  issue  of  the 
Labour  Gazette. 


Spanish   Industry  Must 
Establish  LMPCs 

A  recent  decree  in  Spain  has  brought 
into  force  a  law,  passed  in  1947  but  with- 
held from  operation  until  now,  that  requires 
a  council  of  employer  and  employees  to 
be  set  up  in  all  commercial  undertakings 
in  that  country  employing  more  than  50 
persons  in  any  one  place  of  business. 
These  councils  are  similar  to  the  Labour- 
Management  Production  Committees 
voluntarily  operating  in  many  Canadian 
plants  and  industrial  concerns. 

According  to  the  decree,  the  council  is 
to  consist  of  the  owner  or  manager  as 
chairman  and  from  four  to  12  employees 
according  to  the  size  of  the  enterprise. 
Although  the  members  of  the  council  will 
have  no  power  to  intervene  actively  in 
the  management  of  the  business,  the 
proprietor  is  required  to  give  them 
annually  an  account  of  its  position  and 
prospects. 

Meeting  at  least  once  a  month,  the 
council  will  make  recommendations  to  the 
management  on  such  matters  as  produc- 
tion, possible  operational  economies,  labour 
conditions,  prevention  of  accidents,  and 
the  proper  observance  of  social  legislation. 

At  present  the  decree  applies  only  to 
businesses  which  had  1,000  or  more  persons 
On  the  payroll  on  January  1,  1953. 


Fewer  Immigrants  in 
Sept.,   First  9   Months 

The  number  of  immigrants  entering 
Canada  in  the  first  nine  months  of  1953 
was  eight  per  cent  less  than  in  the  same 
period  in  1952,  the  Department  of  Citizen- 
ship and  Immigration  has  reported. 

The  number  of  immigrants  to  Canada 
during  September  of  this  year  was  12,471, 
a  drop  of  2,123  from  the  August  figure 
but  35  per  cent  more  than  the  number  of 
arrivals  in  September  1952. 

The  largest  proportion  of  the  September 
immigrants  were  Northern  European 
(5,055).  This  is  an  increase  of  43  per  cent 
compared  with  September  1952.  The  total 
number  of  Northern  Europeans  to  enter 
during  the  first  nine  months  of  this  year 
is  one  per  cent  less  than  the  total  for  the 
same  period  in   1952. 

Of  the  September  immigrants  the  leading 
racial  origins  were  German  (3,237),  British 
(3,163),  Italian  (2,121),  from  the  United 
States   (994),  and  Dutch    (837). 

The  September  immigration  from  the 
British  Isles  increased  20  per  cent  com- 
pared with  the  previous  year. 


1735 


120  Trainees  in  Canada 
Under  Colombo  Plan 

More  than  120  technical  assistance 
trainees  from  25  countries  were  in  Canada 
studying  under  the  auspices  of  the  Colombo 
Plan  and  various  United  Nations  agencies 
during  September,  according  to  the 
November  issue  of  External  Affairs,  monthly 
publication  of  the  Department  of  External 
Affairs. 

These  trainees  come  to  Canada  from 
underdeveloped  countries  to  study  the  latest 
techniques  and  practices  in  planning, 
development,  reconstruction,  scientific 
research,  public  administration,  health, 
social  welfare,  agriculture,  industry,  com- 
merce and  similar  fields. 

The  International  Labour  Organization 
at  the  same  time  reports  it  has  more  than 
100  experts  at  work  throughout  the  world 
and  100  worker-trainees  placed  in  jobs 
outside  their  own  countries  for  training 
under  the  ILO's  contribution  to  the 
Expanded  Program  of  Technical  Assistance 
of  the  United  Nations. 

The  Technical  Co-operation  Service  of 
the  Department  of  Trade  and  Commerce 
co-ordinates  Canada's  participation  in  the 
technical  field. 

The  trainees  in  Canada  during  September 
represented  India,  Pakistan,  Ceylon,  Burma, 
Thailand,  Indonesia,  Cambodia,  Nepal, 
Japan,  Australia,  Egypt,  Lebanon,  Iraq, 
Jordon,  Israel,  Nigeria,  French  Togoland, 
Brazil,  Bolivia,  Venezuela,  Mexico,  British 
Guiana,  Virgin  Islands,  Haiti  and  Finland. 

This  year  the  ILO  has  issued  some  50 
grants  to  enable  nationals  of  less  developed 
countries  to  participate  in  group  training 
courses  or  working  party  tours. 

However,  due  to  a  curtailment  of  its 
finances,  the  ILO  has  postponed  the  assign- 
ments of  25  experts  and  deferred  the  issuing 
of  100  fellowships  and  worker-trainee  study 
grants. 


Old  Age  Assistance 
Recipients  Increase 

The  number  of  persons  receiving  old  age 
assistance  in  Canada  increased  from  89,706 
at  June  30,  1953,  to  91,021  at  September  30, 
1953. 

The  federal  Government's  contributions 
under  the  federal-provincial  scheme 
totalled  $5,051,735.78  for  the  quarter  ended 
September  30,  1953,  compared  with 
$4,991,000.61  in  the  preceding  quarter.  Since 
the  inception  of  the  Act,  the  federal  Gov- 
ernment has  contributed  $31,448,812.25. 


At  September  30,  1953,  the  average 
monthly  assistance  in  the  provinces  paying 
a  maximum  of  $40  a  month  ranged  from 
$33.57  to  $37.84,  except  for  one  province 
where  the  average  was  $25.48.  In  New- 
foundland, which  pays  a  maximum  of  $30 
a  month,  the  average  was  $29.18. 

Fewer  Persons  Receive 
Blind  Persons  Allowances 

The  number  of  blind  persons  in  Canada 
receiving  allowances  under  The  Blind 
Persons  Act  decreased  from  8,283  at  June 
30,  1953,  to  8,230  at  September  30,  1953. 

The  federal  Government's  contributions 
under  the  federal-provincial  scheme  totalled 
$731,658.05  for  the  quarter  ended  Septem- 
ber 30,  1953,  compared  with  $732,698.22  in 
the  preceding  quarter.  Since  the  inception 
of  the  Act,  the  federal  Government  has 
contributed  $5,171,022.51. 

At  September  30,  1953,  the  average 
monthly  allowance  in  the  provinces  ranged 
from  $37.23  to  $39.61.  In  all  provinces  the 
maximum  allowance  paid  was  $40  a  month. 


Teamsters  Establish 
Eastern  Conference 

An  Eastern  Conference  of  Teamsters, 
encompassing  400,000  members  of  local 
unions  in  15  eastern  states  and  the  District 
of  Columbia,  was  established  in  November 
by  the  International  Brotherhood  of 
Teamsters  (AFL).  Its  establishment  com^ 
pletes  the  immediate  plans  for  national 
conferences  in  the  union's  drive  for 
continent-wide  organization,  according  to 
president  Dave  Beck. 

Already  in  existence  were  the  Western 
Conference,  of  which  Frank  W.  Brewster 
is  Chairman,  and  the  Central  States  Con- 
ference, of  which  James  R.  Hoffa  is 
Chairman. 

Chairman  of  the  new  conference  is 
International  Vice-president  Edward  Cum- 
bock,  of  Philadelphia.  The  Conference 
Executive  Board  is  composed  of  John 
Conlon,  Vice-Chairman;  Thomas  Flynn, 
Secretary;  and  Tim  Collins,  Recording 
Secretary.  Board  members  are  Martin 
Lacey,  President  of  the  New  York  Joint 
Council;  Harry  Tevis,  President  of  the 
Joint  Council  of  Pittsburgh;  and  Thomas 
Hickey,  International  Vice-President. 

The  states  included  in  the  Conference 
are:-  Maine,  Vermont,  New  Hampshire. 
Massachusetts,  New  York,  Connecticut, 
Rhode  Island,  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey, 
Maryland,  West  Virginia,  Virginia,  North 
Carolina,  South  Carolina.  Delaware,  and 
the  District  of  Columbia. 


1736 


Fatalities  in  B.C.  Mines 
Show  20-Year  Decline 

Fatal  accidents  in  British  Columbia'3 
metal-mining  industry  have  been  declining 
for  the  past  20  years. 

The  number  of  fatal  accidents  per  1,000 
men  employed  for  the  period  1942  to  1952 
was  1-61,  and  the  tonnage  mined  annually 
per  fatality  was  570,666  tons. 

In  the  previous  ten-year  period  (1932-42) 
the  rates  were  2-52  fatalities  per  1,000 
employed  and  420,498  tons  mined  per 
fatality. 

In  1952  there  were  1-14  fatalities  per 
1,000  employees;  the  tonnage  mined  per 
fatal  accident  was  796,038  tons. 

The  frequency  for  all  accidents  involving 
a  loss  of  time  of  more  than  one  shift  and 
less  than  seven  shifts  for  the  years  1940-42 
was  0-68  per  1,000  shifts  worked.  For  the 
same  period  the  frequency  for  accidents 
involving  more  than  six  shifts  loss  of  time 
was  0*44.  It  was  0-26  for  the  first  seven 
months  of  1953. 


TLC  President  Receives 
Second  Honorary  LL.D. 

The  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws 
was  conferred  on  Percy  Bengough,  President 
of  the  Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of 
Canada,  at  the  convocation  of  the 
University  of  British  Columbia,  October  31. 

In  July,  Mr.  Bengough  received  a  similar 
degree  from  St.  Francis  Xavier  University, 
Antigonish,  N.S. 

The   Citation 

In  presenting  the  degree,  Dr.  N.  A.  M. 
MacKenzie  of  the  University  of  British 
Columbia  said: — 

1  have  the  honour  to  present  to  you,  Mr. 
Chancellor,  a  man  who  is  known  across 
Canada  as  a  wise  and  moderate  counsellor 
and  conciliator,  whose  zeal  in  upholding  the 
rights  of  labour  is  balanced  by  his  far- 
sighted  concern  for  the  welfare  of  our  nation 
as  a  whole. 

He  has  long  been  connected  with  the 
Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada, 
which  elected  him  as  its  Vice-President  in 
1931  and  as  its  President  in  1942. 

His  wide  experience  and  his  practical 
wisdom  have  made  him  a  tower  of  strength 
to  many  a  national  advisory  committee  on 
apprenticeship,  on  unemployment,  and  on 
other  matters  of  vital  concern  to  Canada 
and  the  world. 

I  use  that  last  phrase  advisedly;  it  is 
no  mere  cliche  when  it  is  applied  to  a  man 
who.  for  many  years,  has  served  in  the  higher 
councils  of  the  International  Labour  Organ- 
izations. He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
National  Research  Council  for  many  years, 
and    we    at    the    University    have    benefited 


greatly  from  his  wise  advice  and  fresh  view- 
point during  the  time  he  served  us  as  a 
member  of  our  Board  of  Governors. 

In  recognition  of  his  contributions  to 
Canadian  labour,  commerce  and  industry  and 
of  his  work  as  leader,  consultant  and  guide, 
the  University  desires  you,  sir,  to  grant  him 
here  on  our  Pacific  shores,  an  honour  he 
has  already  received  on  the  Atlantic  Coast, 
and  to  confer  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws, 
honoris  causa,  on  Percy  Robert  Bengough. 


U.S.  Women's  Bureau 
Has  New  Director 

Frieda  S.  Miller,  Director  of  the  Women's 
Bureau,  United  States  Department  of 
Labor,  has  resigned.  Mrs.  Alice  K. 
Leopold,  Secretary  of  State  of  Connecticut, 
has  been  named  to  succeed  her. 

Miss  Miller  had  been  in  charge  of  the 
Bureau  since  August  1944,  succeeding  its 
only  previous  head,  Miss  Mary  Anderson. 
Before  entering  the  federal  government 
service  she  had  been  Industrial  Commis- 
sioner of  New  York  State. 

Mrs.  Leopold 

Mrs.  Leopold  is  a  member  and  secretary 
of  President  Eisenhower's  Inter-Govern- 
mental Relations  Committee.  She  was 
elected  Connecticut's  Secretary  of  State, 
her  term  beginning  January  1951,  after 
service  in  the  State  Legislature. 

In  Connecticut  she  had  served  on 
minimum  wage  boards,  the  Governor's 
Education  Committee  and  the  State 
Housing  Committee. 


Asks  U.N.  to  Consider 
Plan  for  World  Calendar 

Adoption  of  the  World  Calendar  as 
proposed  by  the  World  Calendar  Associa- 
tion will  be  discussed  at  the  18th  session 
of  the  Economic  and  Social  Council  of 
the  United  Nations,  to  be  held  in  1954, 
if  a  request  by  the  Indian  representative 
is  granted.  India's  permanent  representa- 
tive to  the  United  Nations  has  asked  the 
U.N.  Secretary-General  to  include  the 
question  on  the  agenda  for  the  session. 

The  reform  calendar  presents  an  unvary- 
ing calendar  useful  for  each  year.  There 
would  be  still  12  months,  but  each  quarter 
would  have  13  weeks  or  91  days,  and  begin 
on  Sunday  and  end  on  Saturday. 

Has   Labour  Approval 

All  major  Canadian  labour  organizations 
have  approved  the  adoption  of  the 
reformed  calendar. 

The  next  possible  date  for  switching  to 
the  new  calendar  is  January  1,  1956. 


1737 


Annual  IWA   Convention 
Held  in  Vancouver 

A  call  for  political  action,  a  speech  bjr 
CIO  President  Walter  Reuther  and  discus- 
sion of  labour  unity  were  highlights  of  the 
17th  annual  convention  of  the  Interna- 
tional Woodworkers  of  America  (CIO- 
CCL)  in  Vancouver,  October  13  to  16. 
About  600  delegates  representing  147,000 
IWA  members  in  Canada  and  the  United 
States  attended.  The  union  has  32,000 
members  in  Canada. 

Dan  Radford,  British  Columbia  Director 
of  the  Canadian  Congress  of  Labour,  said 
political  action  was  one  of  the  best  ways 
to  organize  to  meet  the  strength  of  man- 
agement representatives.  He  said  support 
for  political  candidates  who  have  pledged 
themselves'  to  promote  programs  requested 
by  organized  labour  is  "the  only  thing  that 
is  going  to  beat  the  straight  jacket  big 
business  is  trying  to  clamp  on". 

Action  on  the  political  front  was  seen  as 
the  means  of  obtaining  better  living 
standards  by  CCL  President  A.  R.  Mosher. 
In  his  address  to  the  convention  Mr. 
Mosher  warned  that  Canada  is  entering 
a  recession  period.  He  said  railroads  and 
major  auto  plants  in  Eastern  Canada  have 
already  laid  off  workers. 

Mr.  Mosher  predicted  that  there  will  be 
fewer  across-the-board  wage  demands  this 
winter,  although  unions  will  still  seek  to 
better  conditions  through  fringe  benefits. 

In  an  hour-long  speech  to  the  convention, 
Walter  Reuther,  President  of  the  Congress 
of  Industrial  Organizations,  said  the 
"paramount  task"  of  the  free  world  was  to 
solve  the  problem  of  obtaining  full  employ- 
ment and  full  production  in  peacetime.  He 
said  both  labour  and  management  must 
work  together  in  developing  a  distribution 
system  geared  to  match  the  world's 
expanding  production. 

"There  is  something  morally  wrong  with 
a  free  society  that  has  the  courage  and 
vision  to  spend  millions  and  billions  on  war 
but  lacks  the  same  courage  and  vision  to 
give  its  people  security  in  peacetime,"  said 
Mr.  Reuther. 

The  convention  approved  a  resolution 
endorsing  the  CIO-AFL  "no  raiding"  pact, 
despite  the  objections  of  some  delegates 
who  said  it  did  not  contain  satisfactory 
protective*  clauses  for  the  CIO.  Almost 
150  delegates  voted  to  send  the  resolution 
back  to  the  committee  because  they 
believed  that  signing  the  no-raiding  agree- 
ment would  hamper  the  IWA  in  its  fight 
with  the  AFL  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters 
and  Joiners  and  the  latter's  offshoot,  the 
AFL  Lumber  and  Sawmill  Workers. 


Al  Hartung,  International  President  of 
the  IWA,  pointed  out  that  the  agreement, 
which  has  now  been  ratified  by  both  the 
CIO  and  the  AFL,  was  binding  only  on 
individual  unions  signing  it.  He  said  that 
if  the  AFL  carpenters'  and  sawmill  workers' 
unions  did  not  sign  it,  the  IWA  would  not 
be  bound  by  it. 

On  the  same  subject,  Charles  Millard,  a 
Vice-president  of  the  Canadian  Congress  of 
Labour  and  Canadian  Director  of  the 
United  Steelworkers  of  America,  urged  the 
delegates  to  go  slow  in  supporting  the 
CIO-AFL  agreement. 

The  steel  union  official  said  the  CIO- 
AFL  agreement  was  not  readily  applicable 
to  conditions  in  Canada.  He  suggested  the 
CIO  and  AFL  work  out  their  agreement, 
but  leave  the  CCL  and  the  TLC,  corre- 
sponding labour  organizations  in  Canada, 
to  work  out  their  own  policy  in  this  regard. 

"While  we  are  for  unity  at  the  earliest 
possible  moment,  we  ought  to  find  ways  in 
Canada  to  find  our  own  solution  to  the 
problem,"  he  said. 

Forest  conservation  was  another  major 
topic  discussed  at  the  convention.  A  reso- 
lution was  passed  urging  that  the  United 
States  Government  build  "pilot"  wood- 
working plants  to  process  every  part  of  a 
tree  into  useful  products.  The  resolution 
also  urged  a  greater  integration  of  the 
wood-using  industry  in  the  United  States. 

The  resolution  called  for  a  plan  under 
which  each  forest  area  would  be  carefully 
managed  for  sustained  yield  and  the  timber 
production  would  be  geared  to  an  inte- 
grated industrial  plan  for  the  entire  area. 

Delegates  expressed  the  view  that  mass 
unemployment  would  result  from  the  con- 
tinued import  of  plywood  panels  from 
Japan.  The  convention  passed  a  resolu- 
tion calling  for  an  end  to  such  imports. 

In  other  resolutions  the  delegates  voted 
for  a  conference  on  the  highest  level 
between  the  leading  powers  in  the  interests 
of  world  peace;  paid  tribute  to  the  East 
German  workers  who  revolted  last  June; 
called  for  the  repeal  of  the  Taft-Hartley 
Act;  urged  the  establishment  of  a  broad 
medical  program  in  the  United  States 
which  would  include  hospital  insurance  for 
all  people;  and  promised  an  intensified 
educational  program  to  counteract  propa- 
ganda against  the  social  security  program. 

Communism  received  the  almost  unani- 
mous condemnation  of  the  convention.  In 
a  loud  voice  vote,  all  but  three  delegates 
upheld  President  Hartung  in  ruling  the 
expulsion  of  an  avowed  communist  from 
office  in  the  union. 

The  man  is  Karley  Larsen  of  Everett, 
Washington,   who   was   a  Vice-president   of 


1738 


IWA  District  23.  Mr.  Larsen  was  not 
present  at  the  convention,  having  been 
barred  from  entering  Canada  by  immi- 
gration officials. 


A  federal  housing  program  to  bolster 
falling  lumber  markets  was  urged  by  the 
International  Woodworkers  of  America 
(CIO-CCL)  as  nearly  700  workers  in 
Vancouver  and  Port  Alberni  plywood 
plants  were  laid  off  November  12. 

Lloyd  Whalen,  President  of  the  Van- 
couver local  of  the  IWA,  said: — 

"Slowdown  in  the  plywood  division  is  a 
serious  blow  at  this  time  and  a  vigorous 
housing  program  is  necessary  to  overcome 
shortage  of  markets." 

He  said  he  was  forwarding  the  request  to 
federal  government  leaders  immediately. 

The  lay-offs,  first  in  20  years  in  the  West 
Coast  plywood  industry,  were  attributed  by 
company  officials  to  falling  markets  on  the 
Prairies. 


New   Era   of   Prosperity 
Forecast   in   U.S.   Talks 

A  new  peacetime  era  of  prosperity  may 
grow  out  of  the  business  adjustment  now 
under  way  in  the  United  States,  it  was 
predicted  by  two  speakers  at  the  recent 
convention  of  the  National  Commercial 
Finance  Conference  in  New  York  City. 

Both  speakers  agreed  that  there  will  be 
some  slight  letdown  in  business  activity  in 
the  near  future,  but  it  will  be  followed  by 
a  strong  recovery. 

Dr.  H.  E.  Luedicke,  editor  of  the  New 
York  Journal  of  Commerce,  said  "there  is 
a  growing  suspicion  that  most  of  us  still 
are  underestimating  the  full  strength 
behind  our  industrial  progress  which  is 
based  on  an  unparalleled  growth  in  popu- 
lation, an  unparalleled  increase  in  the 
standard  of  living  and  unparalleled 
technological  progress". 

Herbert  R.  Silverman,  chairman  of  the 
board  of  the  Conference,  noted  that  "after 
six  years  of  peacetime  expansion,  there  is 
a  temporary  halt  for  consolidation  of  gains 
of  the  expansion  period  which  now  sets  the 
stage  for  a  new  period  of  growth". 

At  a  press  conference  in  Washington, 
Charles  E.  Wilson,  U.S.  Secretary  of 
Defence,  said  that  defence  spending  in  the 
United  States  will  not  be  cut  sufficiently 
to  affect  business  adversely. 

Other  opinions  on  future  economic  con- 
ditions in  Canada  and  the  United  States 
have  been  voiced  in  recent  months  (L.G., 
Nov.,  p.  1599  and  Aug.,  p.  1120). 


Co-determination   Unlihely 
In  U.S.,  Researcher  Feels 

Co-determination*  will  unlikely  come  to 
America  as  long  as  prosperity  lasts,  con- 
cludes a  researcher  who  made  a  two-year 
study  of  the  plan  in  operation  in  Germany 
under  a  grant  from  Cornell  University. 

The  researcher,  Edwin  F.  Beal,  shows 
that  co-determination,  or  mitbestimmung, 
was  an  effective  way  of  getting  the  German 
steel  industry  into  operation  after  the  war 
but,  as  German  economic  conditions 
improved,  it  became  less  effective  or 
efficient  for  either  labour  or  management. 

The  11-member  supervisory  board,  orig- 
inally composed  of  five  union  men,  five 
representatives  of  the  stockholders  and  one 
British  representative,  is  now  made  up  of 
five  labour  and  six  management. 

Mr.  Beal  writes  that  even  though  the 
co-determination  scheme  appears  to  work 
well  and  has  produced  an  impressive  no- 
strike  record,  neither  labour  nor  manage- 
ment are  happy  with  it.  Labour  especially 
lost  ground  when  management  began 
appointing  the  11th  man. 

A  report  of  Mr.  Beal's  findings  appears 
in  the  November  issue  of  Factory  Manage- 
ment and  Maintenance,  a  McGraw-Hill 
publication. 

George  Stone9   Once  Rail 
Union   Leader.   Dies   at   81 

George  A.  Stone,  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Transport  Commissioners  from  1932  until 
his  retirement  in  1947,  died  in  Ottawa, 
October  31.     He  was  81  years  of  age. 

Mr.  Stone  was  chairman  of  the  Brother- 
hood of  Firemen  from  1900  to  1907.  Later 
he  became  an  engineer  and  from  1917  to 
1932  was  chairman  of  the  Brotherhood  of 
Locomotive  Engineers. 


Canada  Food  Price   Level 
85  Per  Cent  of  U.S. 

On  the  basis  of  the  food  price  level  in 
the  United  States  equalling  100,  the  level 
in  Canada  at  the  end  of  1952  was  85, 
according  to  an  annual  comparison  of  retail 
food  prices  by  the  International  Labour 
Office,  made  in  October  last  year. 

A  table  showing  the  relative  price  level 
of  foodstuffs  in  each  country  compared  with 


*Previous  reports  on  co-determination  in 
German  industries  were  carried  in  the  May 
1953  issue,  p.  686;  September  1952  issue, 
p.  1173;  and  the  August  and  October  1951, 
issues,  pp.  1067  and  1339  respectively  of  the 
Labour  Gazette. 


81725—3 


1739 


each  of  the  others  is  published  in  a 
statistical  supplement  to  the  November 
issue   of  International  Labour  Review. 

The  food  items  taken  into  account  in 
the  study  represent  the  greater  part  of 
household  food  expenditure  in  the  different 
countries.  The  prices  of  the  individual 
items  are  weighted  according  to  the  quan- 
tities consumed  in  the  respective  countries. 
Those  "food  baskets"  are  derived  from 
family  living  studies  indicating  the  average 
yearly  consumption  of  the  specified  items 
per  adult  male  wage  earner.  Prices  are 
compared  on  the  basis  of  official  exchange 
rates. 

With  the  U.S.  food  price  level  equalling 
100,  figures  for  the  other  16  countries 
covered  in  the  survey  were :  France  90, 
Canada  85,  Federal  German  Republic  85, 
Switzerland  83,  Finland  81,  Italy  78, 
Belgium  75,  Sweden  63.  Norway  59,  Nether- 
lands 55,  Ireland  52,  United  Kingdom  50, 
Denmark  49,  Union  of  South  Africa  47, 
Australia  46  and  Portugal  45. 


the  estimated  27.000  longshoremen  in  the 
port  of  New  York  had  registered  with 
the  commission. 


N.Y.   Port  Hiring  Law 
Upheld   by  Courts 

The  provision  in  the  New  York-New 
Jersey  waterfront  hiring  law  (L.G.,  Aug., 
p.  1143)  requiring  all  longshoremen  to 
register  with  the  Waterfront  Commission 
for  clearance  for  jobs  on  New  York's  piers 
has  been  upheld  by  a  United  States  federal 
court. 

The  International  Longshoremen's 
Association,  formally  expelled  from  the 
American  Federation  of  Labour  in  Septem- 
ber, had  brought  suit  against  the  provision, 
charging  that  it  was  unconstitutional. 

In  its  decision,  the  statutory  three-judge 
court  said:  "The  Act  is  attacked  as  uncon- 
stitutional upon  numerous  grounds,  but  we 
can  find  nothing  in  it  that  violates  the 
Constitution  and  believe  it  to  have  been  a 
reasonable  exercise  of  the  police  power  of 
the  States  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey". 

Noting  that  the  law  was  passed  to  deal 
with  "grave  abuses"  in  hiring  methods 
practised  on  the  docks,  the  court  pointed 
out  that  longshoremen  frequently  were 
forced  to  bribe  hiring  bosses  for  jobs, 
stevedoring  companies  in  their  turn  were 
orced  to  bribe  the  same  hiring  bosses  for 
employees. 

The  law  went  into  effect  December  1. 
At    mid-November,    more    than    22,000    of 


Overtime  Rates   Surveyed 
In  31    U.S.   Companies 

Overtime  policies  in  the  United  States 
are  more  liberal  than  the  legal  require- 
ments, it  was  found  in  a  survey  of  31 
unionized  and  non-unionized  companies. 
The  survey,  conducted  by  the  Arma 
Corporation  of  Garden  City,  New  York,  is 
reported  in  November  issue  of  Factory 
Management  and  Maintenance,  a  McGraw- 
Hill  publication. 

The  survey  of  the  31  eastern  and  mid- 
western  companies'  overtime  pay  policies 
affecting  about  150.000  production  and  office 
workers  shows  that  for  weekdays  the 
general  practice  is  to  pay  time-and-one- 
half  for  work  after  eight  hours  in  a  day 
and  make  provision  for  hours  worked 
before  and  after  regular  hours. 

Special  double-time  provisions  for  over- 
time worked  beyond  varying  periods  of 
overtime  at  time-and-a-half  are  made  for 
production  workers  by  the  unionized 
companies  only. 

For  Saturday  work  almost  all  companies 
pay  premium  rates  without  requiring  a 
completed  regular  work  week.  This  over- 
time premium  is  generally  time-and-one-half 
but  more  than  50  per  cent  of  the  unionized 
companies  pay  double  time. 

Sunday  and  holiday  work  is  generally 
paid  at  double  time  regardless  of  the 
number  of  hours  worked. 


Union   Security   Clauses 
Numerous   in   Japan 

Japanese  labour  had  union  security 
clauses  in  942  of  1.075  union  agreements 
in  the  first  half  of  1951,  the  Japanese 
Labour  Ministry  reports  following  a  survey. 
The  November  issue  of  Industry  and 
Labour,  published  by  the  International 
Labour  Office,  summarizes  the  report. 

Eighty-one  per  cent,  or  874,  of  the  agree- 
ments with  security  clauses  called  for  a 
union  shop;  two  per  cent  for  the  closed 
shop.  One  agreement  included  a  main- 
tenance of  membership  clause  and  133  of 
the  1,075  agreements  had  no  security 
clauses. 


1740 


Extracts  from  Hansard  of  Interest  to  Labour 


Speech  from  the  Throne 

November   12 

. . .  Much  remains  to  be  done  before  there 
can  be  a  permanent  and  durable  peace  in 
the  world.  My  ministers  therefore  consider 
it  would  be  unwise  for  the  free  nations  to 
slacken  our  efforts  to  build  up  and  main- 
tain the  necessary  strength  to  deter 
aggression  and  they  intend  to  continue  to 
work  to  that  end 

Canada  has  continued  to  contribute  to 
those  international  projects  which  will 
promote  human  welfare  and  thereby 
remove  some  of  the  causes  of  unrest  and 
dislocation.  You  will  be  asked  to  approve 
further  assistance  for  relief  and  rehabilita- 
tion, for  technical  assistance  and  for  con- 
tinued participation  in  the  Colombo 
Plan. . . . 

At  home  we  continue  to  enjoy  general 
prosperity  although  there  are  some  sectors 
of  our  economy  which  have  been  faced 
with  difficulties.  Our  farmers  have 
harvested  the  second  largest  wheat  crop 
in  Canadian  history.  Private  capital  in- 
vestment has  reached  levels  never  before 
attained.     Employment   is   at   high   levels. 

While  more  houses  are  being  built  this 
year  than  ever  before,  the  growing  popu- 
lation of  Canada  requires  a  continued 
expansion  of  housing.  You  will  be  asked 
to  consider  measures  to  increase  and 
broaden  the  supply  of  mortgage  money  so 
that  more  people  with  moderate  incomes 
will  be  able  to  find  facilities  to  assist  them 
to  build  their  own  homes. . . . 

The  scheme  initiated  during  the  last 
parliament  for  insuring  boats  and  certain 
gear  has  recently  been  improved  and  is 
helping  to  meet  the  hazards  of  the  fishing 
industry.  My  government  is  giving  partic- 
ular attention  to  the  development  of 
markets  for  our  fisheries  and  to  the 
encouragement  of  more  modern  methods 
in  the  Atlantic  coast  fisheries,  particularly 
in  the  province  of  Newfoundland  where 
the  methods  are  in  the  greatest  need  of 
improvement 

As  further  steps  in  helping  to  improve 
social  welfare,  co-ordinated  plans  for  reha- 
bilitation of  disabled  persons  are  being 
worked  out  with  the  provinces  and  a 
measure  to  facilitate  the  establishment 
nationwide  of  a  federal-provincial  assistr- 
ance  program  for  totally  disabled  persons 
will  be  submitted  for  your  consideration 

The  bill  for  the  complete  revision  of  the 
Criminal  Code  which  was  not  finally  dealt 
with  in  the  last  parliament  will  be  sub- 
mitted for  your  consideration 


Railway  Lay-offs 

November  13 
Mr.  Stanley  Knowles  (Winnipeg  North 
Centre) :  Mr.  Speaker,  may  I  direct  a 
question  to  the  Minister  of  Transport  (Mr. 
Chevrier).  Is  the  Government  aware  of 
the  lay-offs  by  the  Canadian  National  and 
the  Canadian  Pacific  Railways  at  various 
points  in  Canada?  Will  steps  be  taken 
to  halt  these  lay-offs  and  to  provide  for 
the  reinstatement  of  those  already  out  of 
employment? 

Hon.  Lionel  Chevrier  (Minister  of 
Transport) :  Mr.  Speaker,  I  believe  the 
officers  of  the  Canadian  National  Railways 
made  an  announcement  some  time  ago  to 
the  effect  that  there  would  be  lay-offs  in 
the  car  department  and  the  locomotive 
repair  department  of  the  railways.  I  think 
the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  made  a 
similar  statement  and  went  on  to  give 
reasons  therefor,  namely,  reduction  in 
traffic  and  in  business  generally. 

When  the  traffic  is  returned  to  normal 
or  when  it  is  increased  from  its  present 
position  I  am  sure  the  Canadian  National 
Railways  will  be  glad  to  take  on  the  men 
who  have  been  laid  off.  Meanwhile,  I 
have  had  a  word  with  my  colleague,  the 
Minister  of  Labour  (Mr.  Gregg),  who 
assures  me  that  in  so  far  as  the  Unemploy- 
ment Insurance  Commission  is  concerned 
it  is  giving  every  consideration  to  finding 
employment  for  those  men. 

Reply  to  Speech  from  the  Throne 

November   13 

Mr.  A.  H.  Hollingworth  (York  Centre) : 
. . .  To  bring  greater  security  to  Canadian 
citizens  in  the  fields  of  housing  and  health 
the  Government  has  taken  definite  steps 
in  the  last  few  years.  Substantial  funds 
have  been  allocated  toward  the  construc- 
tion of  new  hospitals  and  the  Minister  of 
National  Health  and  Welfare  (Mr.  Martin) 
recently  announced  additional  new  grants 
over  the  next  five  years,  a  substantial  part 
of  which  will  be  channelled  into  laboratory 
and  radiological  services  for  combating 
such  dread  diseases  as  cancer  and  tuber- 
culosis. 

All  these  were  items  of  the  new  health 
program  announced  last  spring;  but  now, 
as  part  of  the  progress  the  Government  is 
always  making  in  the  field  of  public  welfare, 
I  note  that  assistance  is  to  be  granted  to 
totally  disabled  persons.  I  am  sure  the 
house  and  all  Canadians  will  welcome  this 


81725—3J 


1741 


announcement,  realizing  that  it  rounds  out 
an  already  generous  rehabilitation  program. 
Three  or  four  provinces  already  make  sub- 
stantial provision  for  their  disabled  citizens, 
and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  remaining 
provinces  will  be  prepared  to  participate  in 
this  joint  federal-provincial  program. 

I  view  all  these  grants  as  a  necessary 
condition  precedent  to  the  establishment  of 
a  national  health  insurance  plan  which  will 
be  worked  out  between  the  federal  Govern- 
ment and  the  provinces  and  between  the 
medical  profession  and  the  federal  and 
provincial  governments. 

The  other  matter  of  great  importance  to 
which  I  alluded  is  housing.  The  demand 
for  housing  continues  to  be  prodigious, 
notwithstanding  the  large  number  of  houses 
being  built.  To  ensure  the  continual  flow 
of  mortgage  funds,  which  have  been 
reduced  to  a  slow  trickle  in  the  last  few 
months,  by  the  established  lending  institu- 
tions, the  Government  will  bring  in 
amendments  to  the  National  Housing  Act 
and  the  Bank  Act  to  empower  the  chartered 
banks  and  other  lending  institutions  to 
make  loans  on  insured  mortgages. . . . 

Mr.  Georges  Villeneuve  (Roberval)  :  .  .  . 
I  would  like  now  to  dwell  in  particular  on 
a  matter  mentioned  in  the  Speech  from  the 
Throne.  I  refer  to  housing.  The  matter 
has  attracted  a  great  deal  of  attention  since 
it  has  been  made  known  that  the  National 
Housing  Act  was  to  be  amended.  Every- 
where, and  more  particularly  in  towns  and 
villages,  the  project  was  enthusiastically 
received  because  it  is  a  fact  that  man  by 
nature  wants  to  own  property.  In  fact, 
that  is  a  matter  of  capital  importance. 

By  making  it  easy  to  become  property 
owner.  we  foster  the  stability  of  the  Cana- 
dian family  and  social  security  in  our 
country  and  we  ensure  economic  stability. 
The  problem  has  become  more  acute  as 
the  result  of  the  exodus  towards  the  cities, 
since  Canada  has  become  frantically 
engaged  for  the  past  15  years  or  so  in 
industrial  development.  Groups  of  citizens 
are  seeking  an  economical  and  efficient  way 
of  coping  with  the  problem  of  leisure  hours ; 
they  believe  that  the  problem  would  be 
partially  solved  at  least  through  the  multi- 
plication of  individual  family  homes. 
Property  ownership,  especially  for  the 
labouring  class,  fosters  savings  and  enables 
everyone  to  attain  an  ideal  so  highly 
coveted.  In  our  vast  country,  it  should 
be  quite  natural  and  easy  to  own  a  small 
lot  and  a  house. 

A  national  housing  program  would  also 
be  a  source  of  work  in  all  seasons  for  the 


building  trades;  it  would  create  economic 
activity  and  enable  a  fair  proportion  of  the 
people  to  become  owners  of  healthy  and 
comfortable  dwellings,  while  doing  away 
with  profiteers;  it  would  prevent  savings 
from  being  eaten  up  each  month  in  rent. 

One  day,  a  farmer  who  was  peacefully 
smoking  his  pipe  on  his  veranda  was  asked 
the  following  question  by  his  son:  "What 
do  we  mean  by  fatherland?"  The  father, 
candidly  extending  his  arm  towards  his 
fields,  replied :  "That,  my  son,  is  the  father- 
land". As  the  pride  of  owning  fields  is 
essential  to  the  farmer  so  the  pride  of 
owning  a  house  is  essential  to  the  labouring 
and  middle  class  alike.  It  is  essential  for 
our  social  stability  that  our  labouring 
people  be  able  to  become  property-owners. 
Communism  recruits  its  members  among 
proletarians.  In  multiplying  the  number 
of  property-owners  we  will  open  a  large 
gap  in  the  ranks  of  communists. 

It  is  essential  for  the  health  of  our  people 
that  we  move  our  citizens  out  of  filthy  and 
overpopulated  districts  in  our  large  cities, 
that  we  take  them  away  from  the  slums, 
so  that  they  may  breathe  fresh  air  in  new 
districts  where  it  is  possible  to  see  the  sun 
otherwise  than  through  smoke. 

Our  small  towns  and  villages  need  in- 
creased assistance  as  regards  housing  which 
would  prevent  concentrations  of  population 
and  bring  about  a  more  normal  demo- 
graphic distribution. 

There  is  a  movement  which  I  have  partic- 
ularly at  heart  and  which  I  would  not  like 
to  ignore  because  I  had  the  opportunity  to 
appreciate  its  great  social  achievements,  I 
refer  to  the  housing  co-operative  unions. 
It  is  pleasing  to  see  a  group  of  workers 
join  hands  and  build  homes  through  a 
system  of  mutual  aid  and  assigned  tasks. 
I  have  seen  some  at  work  and  I  would  like 
the  law  to  make  it  easier  for  them  to  fulfill 
their  task  and  achieve  their  purpose:  "To 
each  worker  his  own  home",  with  as  a 
noble  motto:  "One  for  all  and  all  for  one." 

The  number  of  new  family  units  each 
year  in  our  country  and  the  inflow  of 
immigrants  add  to  the  urgency  of  the 
problem.  In  the  constituency  I  represent, 
there  are  many  villages  and  small  towns 
which  expect  from  such  amendments  to  the 
National  Housing  Act  efficient  steps  which 
will  bring  about  the  development  they  seek. 
I  was  saying  that,  in  my  opinion,  the  solu- 
tion of  the  housing  problem  is  really  a 
matter  of  social  security.  The  responsi- 
bility of  the  State  is  not  to  replace  private 
enterprise,  but  to  make  it  easier.  The 
lending  institutions  which,  in  the  past  few 
years,  have  been  saddled  with  the  heavy 
burden  of  financing  the  building  of  homes 


1742 


must  be  relieved  in  some  way.  On  the 
other  hand,  in  the  province  of  Quebec,  we 
have  some  well  established  and  reputable 
local  institutions  called  Caisses  populaires 
Desjardins.  They  are  open  for  mortgage 
loans,  but  their  inadequate  means  in  this 
regard  prevent  them  from  playing  the  part 
which  they  would  like  to  play  in  the  field 
of  home  construction.  On  the  other  hand 
huge  sums  of  money  are  kept  sleeping  in 
the  banks,  so  to  speak,  whereas  they  would 
be  of  greater  use  to  society  as  a  whole  as 
well  as  to  the  banks  themselves  were  they 
to  be  made  available  for  mortgage 
purposes. 

It  seems  that  this  option  will  be  granted 
to  them  when  their  charters  are  renewed  in 
the  course  of  this  session 

Throne  Speech  Debate 

November    16 

Hon.  George  A.  Drew  (Leader  of  the 
Opposition):  ...I  now  propose  to  deal 
with  domestic  affairs.  The  Speech  from  the 
Throne  refers  to  a  number  of  interesting 
subjects  but  tells  us  very  little  about  what 
the  Government  intends  to  do.  The  revi- 
sion of  the  Criminal  Code  and  a  measure 
to  amend  the  Bank  of  Canada  Act  will  call 
for  careful  and  extended  consideration.  It 
is  hoped  that  the  procedure  to  be  followed 
will  be  indicated  as  soon  as  possible,  so  that 
members  on  both  sides  with  special  quali- 
fications to  deal  with  these  subjects  will  be 
able  to  make  their  plans  accordingly,  and 
may  perhaps  contribute  their  own  sugges- 
tions as  to  the  manner  in  which  these  very 
important  Acts  may  be  dealt  with  most 
expeditiously. 

It  is  the  omissions  from  the  speech  which 
are  most  noticeable.  We  are  told  that 
"there  are  some  sectors  of  our  economy 
which  have  been  faced  with  difficulties". 
That  is  indeed  an  understatement.  Nothing 
is  said  about  the  textile  industry,  the  cheese 
producers,  the  dairy  farmers,  the  cattle 
breeders,  or  other  producers  who  are  looking 
for  some  information  as  to  what  they  may 
expect 

Right  Hon.  L.  S.  St.  Laurent  (Prime 
Minister) :  . . .  With  respect  to  domestic 
affairs,  the  Leader  of  the  Opposition  has 
stated  that  the  revision  of  the  Criminal 
Code  and  the  revision  of  the  Bank  Act 
were  matters  of  great  importance,  and  that 
he,  along  with  other  members,  would  like 
to  have  some  indication  of  the  manner  in 
which  we  intended  to  proceed  with  the 
study  of  these  Acts. 

It  had  been  my  understanding  at  the 
end  of  the  last  session  that  it  might  not  be 


necessary  to  return  the  Criminal  Code  to 
another  select  committee  for  special  study, 
but  that  it  might  be  considered  in  com- 
mittee of  the  whole  house — because  each 
and  every  one  of  us  must  be  prepared  to 
take  his  and  her  responsibility  in  connec- 
tion with  the  defining  of  these  acts  which 
are  to  constitute  the  list  of  those  things 
regarded  as  criminal  in  this  Canadian 
society.  • 

I  think  that  that,  after  all,  might  be  the 
most  expeditious  and  satisfactory  way  of 
dealing  with  the  Criminal  Code  at  this 
time.  But  I  can  assure  the  Leader  of  the 
Opposition  that  we  do  wish  to  have  the 
business  of  the  House  conducted  in  a 
manner  that  will  lead  to  the  best  results, 
and  do  so  with  the  least  possible  waste  of 
time  as  well  as  with  a  probability  of 
achieving  those  results. 

As  to  the  Bank  Act — of  course,  that 
always  goes  to  the  committee  on  banking 
and  commerce.  In  setting  up  the  com- 
mittee this  year,  in  view  of  the  fact  that 
the  Act  is  to  be  revised  I  am  sure  mem- 
bers of  all  parties  would  want  to  have  the 
committee  made  up  of  those  they  feel  best 
qualified  to  perform  a  good  service  for  the 
whole  of  the  Canadian  public  in  the  con- 
sideration of  that  Act 

Mr.  M.  J.  Coldwell  (Rosetown-Biggar) : 
. . .  We  are  going  to  make  some  sugges- 
tions this  afternoon.  We  suggest  the 
adoption  of  an  immediate  program  of  our 
own,  to  be  financed  as  part  of  our  program 
to  assist  underdeveloped  countries;  and 
may  I  say  that  this  appropriation  might 
be  regarded  as  a  legitimate  defence  expen- 
diture. And  since  international  tension. — 
and  this  is  the  general  opinion  of  those 
present  at  the  United  Nations  this  year — 
has  been  lessened,  and  our  rearmament 
program  has  already  provided  us  and  our 
allies  with  vast  quantities  of  arms,  some 
of  the  appropriations  that  were  intended 
for  those  purposes  during  the  current  year 
should  be  devoted  to  what  we  believe  to  be 
an  effective  method  of  checking  Soviet 
influence  in  the  underprivileged  countries. 

In  other  words  the  time  has  come  when 
we  should  appropriate  part  of  our  defence 
expenditures  to  assist  in  building  up  the 
economies  of  those  underprivileged  coun- 
tries. And  may  I  say  I  believe  that 
this  is  enlightened  self-interest  on  our  part; 
because  as  an  exporting  country,  the  more 
we  encourage  the  underprivileged  to 
improve  their  own  conditions  and  build  up 
their  own  economies  and  raise  their  stan- 
dards of  living,  the  more  likely  it  is  that 
world  trade  can  be  expanded,  and  that 
Canada  can  benefit  from  that  expanded 
world  trade 


1743 


We  have  a  pressing  problem,  of  course, 
in  the  realm  of  housing.  The  census  of 
1951  revealed  that  one  out  of  every  five 
houses  in  Canada  is  overcrowded.  In  the 
rural  areas  this  condition  exists  to  the 
extent  of  23  per  cent,  while  in  the  urban 
areas  the  condition  is  not  quite  as  bad, 
with  a  figure  of  16  per  cent.  In  the  urban 
areas  over  350,000  homes  are  reported  as 
being  overcrowded,  homes  inhabited  by 
probably  two  million  or  more  Canadians. 
We  are  told  in  the  same  census  of  1951 
that  many  homes  are  in  need  of  replace- 
ment or  major  repairs. 

We  say  again,  in  spite  of  what  is  said  in 
the  Speech  from  the  Throne,  that  this 
problem  will  not  be  solved  by  a  reliance 
upon  private  investment  or  by  new  facili- 
ties for  loans  to  home  builders  through  the 
chartered  banks 

May  I  say  that  other  countries  have  been 
solving  their  housing  problems  by  provid- 
ing for  the  construction  of  subsidized  low- 
rental  housing  on  a  large  scale.  That  is 
true  of  the  Scandinavian  countries,  and 
true  in  large  part  in  Great  Britain,  as  well 
as  in  New  Zealand  and  in  other  countries. 
For  those  who  cannot  afford  to  build,  loans 
to  public  bodies  under  such  a  subsidized 
plan  are  indeed  essential. 

At  the  moment  you  have  the  spectacle 
of  unemployed  miners  in  Nova  Scotia,  and 
mines  shut  down.  Men  with  their  families 
are  moving  out  of  that  area  looking  for 
work.  If  the  mines  in  northern  Ontario 
are  closed  down,  which  is  threatened  by 
the  employers,  can  the  workers  in  those 
industries  afford  to  go  some  place  else  and 
buy  new  houses?  Remember,  many  erected 
the  houses  whence  they  came.  Their 
equity  now  is  of  little  value.  Conse- 
quently, if  we  are  to  have  a  mobile  labour 
force,  and  that  is  necessary  in  the  kind  of 
economy  we  have  in  Canada,  then  we  must 
provide  rental  houses  as  well  as  houses  for 
purchase. 

For  those  who  want  to  build  houses,  loans 
at  low  rates  of  interest  could  come  from 
where?  Through  the  Central  Mortgage 
and  Housing  Corporation.  How  should 
they  be  financed?  I  say  through  the  Bank 
of  Canada.  If  you  have  the  chartered 
banks  doing  it,  that  is  the  way  they  will 
be  financed.  Securities  will  be  deposited 
with  the  Bank  of  Canada  and  they  will 
get  the  necessary  funds  to  lend.  Why  not 
do  it  directly  and  save  our  people  the 
interest  rates?  I  believe  we  can  provide 
this  money  at  an  interest  rate  as  low  as  3 
or  certainly  at  less  than  3J  per  cent,  even 
if  we  include  all  the  operating  charges. 


The  loans  on  these  houses  should  be 
amortized  over  thirty  years,  with  a  down 
payment  of  not  more  than  10  per  cent — not 
for  all  houses,  but  houses  for  those  who 
need  them  and  cannot  afford  to  build 
expensive  homes,  in  the  price  range  of 
$10,000.  Under  such  a  plan — and  my  hon. 
friends  can  work  it  out  if  they  like,  as  I 
have  done — you  can  have  houses  owned 
by  our  people  on  a  rental  basis  of  not 
more  than,  in  fact  less  than,  $35  a  month. 

The  Government's  policy  has  moved  in 
the  opposite  direction  over  recent  years. 
Central  Mortgage  and  Housing  Corpora- 
tion interest  rates  have  been  raised  twice 
from  4£  per  cent  to  5  per  cent  and  more 
recently  from  5  per  cent  to  5£  per  cent. 
With  the  new  family  units  that  have 
been  formed  and  with  the  vast  amount  of 
immigration  we  have  had,  together  with 
the  backlog  existing  before  the  war,  the 
housing  situation  has  been  greatly  aggra- 
vated, and  so  far  the  Government  has 
produced  no  adequate  plan  to  meet  the 
needs  of  the  Canadian  people. 

We  are  disappointed  in  that.  We  are 
disappointed  also  in  the  failure  of  the 
Government  to  include  in  the  Speech  from 
the  Throne  some  reference  to  a  national 
health  plan.  As  you  know,  we  believe 
that  a  national  health  plan  is  essential  to 
the  welfare  of  the  Canadian  people.  We 
are  one  of  only  three  remaining  democratic 
countries  in  the  world  where  some  such 
plan  is  not  in  existence.  They  have  had 
it  in  Germany  for  years;  they  have  it  in 
Norway,  Sweden,  Denmark,  Holland  and 
more  recently  in  the  United  Kingdom.  The 
three  countries  where  this  service  is  lack- 
ing are  United  States,  of  course  Canada, 
and  to  a  degree  Australia.  Australia  has 
something  of  an  hospitalization  plan. 

While  we  welcome  the  mention  in  the 
Speech  from  the  Throne  of  the  fact  that 
a  plan  is  to  be  introduced  for  the  reha- 
bilitation and  aid  of  disabled  people — that 
is  fine — we  also  note  that  it  includes  a 
federal-provincial  program;  and  that,  I 
suppose,  means  that  the  provinces  will  have 
to  co-operate  in  financing  the  plan.  I 
refrain  from  criticizing  it  until  we  see  what 
the  plan  is,  but  I  do  wish  to  say  that 
already  the  method  by  which  the  federal 
Government  is  setting  up  its  social  security 
plans,  with  provincial  participation  in  the 
cost,  is  making  it  very  very  difficult  for 
the  less-favoured  provinces  of  this  country 
to  come  under  these  plans.  Therefore  I 
say  a  national  health  plan  is  imperative. 

I  should  like  to  indicate  some  of  the 
features  which  we  suggest  should  be  incor- 
porated in  such  a  plan.    There  are  certain 


1744 


principles  that  we  consider  to  be  of  funda- 
mental importance.  The  first  is,  as  I  have 
indicated  on  numerous  occasions:  we 
believe  such  a  health  service  should  give 
complete  coverage  to  every  man,  woman 
and  child  in  the  country,  regardless  of 
individual  income. 

Second,  we  believe  that  the  service  should 
provide  full  hospital,  mental,  dental,  optical 
and  other  health  care.  That  is  already  pro- 
vided in  my  own  province  of  Saskatchewan 
through  provincial  legislation. 

Third,  we  believe  that  the  administration 
of  the  plan,  as  far  as  possible,  should  be 
decentralized  through  provincial  depart- 
ments of  health,  and  again  decentralized 
below  the  provincial  departments  through 
local  health  regions. 

Fourth,  we  believe  that  the  inauguration 
of  the  plan  should  be  accompanied  by 
vigorous  measures  to  overcome  the  short- 
ages of  doctors,  dentists,  nurses  and  other 
professional  personnel  as  well  as  shortages 
of  hospital  space  and  facilities. 

Finally,  we  believe  that  the  plan  should 
be  financed  by  the  federal  Government  out 
of  the  general  revenue  of  Canada.  That 
would  place  all  the  people  of  Canada, 
regardless  of  whether  they  lived  in  New 
Brunswick  or  Alberta,  taking  perhaps  the 
province  with  the  fewest  resources  and  the 
province  with  the  richest  resources,  on  the 
same  footing.  Whether  an  individual 
lived  in  one  province  or  the  other,  he 
should  have  the  same  equal  rights  in  these 
matters. 

Those  are  the  essentials  of  the  plan  that 
we  propose. . . . 

November  17 
Mr.  J.  G.  Diefenbaker  (Prince  Albert) : 
. . .  The  farmer  cannot  understand  that 
while  his  costs  are  going  up,  price  levels 
generally  are  going  down.  He  cannot 
understand  why  the  consumer  pays  the 
high  prices  he  does — and  certainly  the 
index  is  rising  month  by  month — while  at 
the  same  time  farm  prices  in  general  are 
stabilizing  downward.  I  make  one  more 
suggestion:  when  the  Combines  Investiga- 
tion Branch  runs  out  of  work,  it  would  be 
a  fine  undertaking  for  it  to  investigate  the 
reason  for  the  very  pronounced  and,  as  I 
see  it,  inexcusable  spread  between  the 
price  the  farmer  receives  and  the  price 
the  consumer  ultimately  pays. 

Equal  Pay  for  Equal  Work 

November    16 
Mrs.    Ellen    L.    Fairclough     (Hamilton 
West)     moved    the    first    reading    of    Bill 
No.  2,  to  provide  equal  pay  for  equal  work 
for  women. 


Some  lion,  members:   Explain. 

Mrs.  Fairclough:  Mr.  Speaker,  I  think 
the  title  of  the  bill  is  fully  explanatory. 
It  is  intended  to  prohibit  discrimination 
against  women  in  the  matter  of  wages 
earned. 

Motion  agreed  to  and  bill  read  the  first 
time. 

Voluntary  Revocable  Check-off 

November  16 
Mr.  Stanley  Knowles  (Winnipeg  North 
Centre)  moved  for  leave  to  introduce  Bill 
No.  4,  to  amend  the  Industrial  Relations 
and  Disputes  Investigation  Act  (voluntary 
revocable  check-off). 

Some  hon.  members:   Explain. 

Mr.  Knowles:  The  purpose  of  this  bill 
is  to  write  into  the  Industrial  Relations 
and  Disputes  Investigation  Act  a  provision 
which  is  already  in  several  of  the  provincial 
labour  codes,  namely  the  voluntary  revoc- 
able check-off  of  trade  union  dues.  This 
bill  is  identical  with  the  one  that  was 
before  the  house  last  session.  At  that  time 
its  subject  matter  was  endorsed  by  the 
industrial  relations  committee  and  by  the 
House  of  Commons. 

Motion  agreed  to  and  bill  read  the  first 
time. 

Gold  Miners'  Strike 

November  17 
Mr.  J.  W.  Noseworthy  (York  South): 
May  I  direct  a  question  to  the  Minister 
of  Labour,  and  since  I  did  not  send  him 
a  copy  of  the  question  the  answer  can  be 
given  today  or  at  an  early  date.  The 
question  is  this.  In  view  of  the  Govern- 
ment's interest  in  the  gold  mining  indus- 
try, will  the  Minister  tell  the  house  what 
is  being  done  or  has  been  done  by  his 
Department  to  assist  in  the  settlement  of 
the  gold  miners'  strike  in  northern  Ontario 
and  Quebec? 

Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg  (Minister  of 
Labour)  :  I  have  not  had  notice  of  the 
question,  Mr.  Speaker,  but  I  can  say  at 
once  to  my  hon.  friend  that  since  the  gold 
mining  industry  comes  within  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  provincial  Government,  and 
since  I  have  had  no  communication  from 
the  provincial  Government  in  this  connec- 
tion, my  Department  has  taken  no  action 
in  the  matter. 


1745 


National  Advisory  Committee  on  the 
Rehabilitation  of  Disabled  Persons 


Representatives  of  governments,  voluntary  health  and  welfare  agencies, 
medical  profession,  management,  labour  and  other  interested  groups 
hold  two-day  meeting  at  Maiton  Rehabilitation  Centre  and  at  Toronto 


Harmony  among  private  welfare  agencies, 
rehabilitation  associations  and  government 
departments,  both  federal  and  provincial, 
was  in  evidence  at  the  fourth  meeting  of 
the  National  Advisory  Committee  on  the 
Rehabilitation  of  Disabled  Persons  in 
Maiton  and  Toronto,  November  19  and  20. 

The  first  day's  meeting  was  held  at  the 
Maiton  Rehabilitation  Centre,  operated  by 
the  Ontario  Workmens'  Compensation 
Board.  A  tour  of  the  27-acre  establish- 
ment, situated  14  miles  west  of  Toronto, 
rounded  out  a  full  day  of  activity  for  the 
32  committee  members  and  scores  of 
observers.  Sessions  were  held  in  Toronto 
the  second  day. 

The  Committee,  composed  of  representa- 
tives of  provincial  and  federal  government 
departments,  health  and  welfare  agencies, 
the  medical  profession,  organized  labour, 
industry  and  the  universities,  meets  twice 
a  year  to  advise  the  federal  Government 
on  co-ordinated  rehabilitation  programs  for 
disabled  civilians. 

Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  of 
Labour,  welcomed  the  members  on  behalf 
of  himself  and  his  two  colleagues,  the 
Minister  of  National  Health  and  Welfare 
and  the  Minister  of  Veterans'  Affairs. 

Mr.  Gregg,  who  was  introduced  by  Hon. 
Charles  Daley,  Ontario  Minister  of  Labour, 
said  he  hoped  Canada's  rehabilitation 
program  would  develop  so  that  people  who 
are  hurt  early  in  life  would  be  helped  early 
and  not  remain  disabled  all  their  lives. 

"There  could  come  a  time  when  disabled 
persons  can  be  fitted  into  our  economic  life 
as  easily  as  others  are,"  he  said. 

Now  that  a  co-ordinated  program  of 
rehabilitation  is  about  to  go  into  effect, 
said  Mr.  Gregg,  the  federal  and  provincial 
Governments  can  go  ahead  with  discussions 
on  pensions  for  totally  disabled  persons. 

Progress  Report 

Ian  Campbell,  National  Co-ordinator  of 
Civilian  Rehabilitation  Services,  reported 
on  the  progress  made  since  the  first  meet- 
ing of  the  Committee  in  February  1952. 
Addresses  on  rehabilitation  by  himself  and 


his  assistant  were  given  in  cities  across 
Canada.  Conferences  have  been  held  with 
many  private  welfare  agencies,  various 
international  welfare  associations  and  with 
officials  of  all  ten  provinces. 

Mr.  Campbell  reported  that  three  prov- 
inces have  signed  the  Co-ordination  of 
Rehabilitation  of  Disabled  Persons  Agree- 
ment. They  are  Saskatchewan,  Manitoba 
and  New  Brunswick.  Schedule  "R",  the 
section  of  the  Vocational  Training  Agree- 
ment providing  for  training  of  disabled 
persons  (see  below),  has  been  signed  by 
Alberta  and  Ontario,  and  can  go  into 
effect  in  those  provinces  as  soon  as  the 
co-ordination  agreement  is  completed. 

"It  is  my  hope,"  said  Mr.  Campbell, 
"that  the  minor  considerations  that  have 
delayed  action  on  the  part  of  the  other 
provinces  will  be  outweighed  by  their 
sincere  desire  to  improve  the  lot  of  a*U 
our  disabled  citizens  and  give  to  as  many 
of  them  as  possible  the  means  through 
which  they  can  attain  the  dignity  of 
service." 

Calling  upon  the  members  to  rededicate 
themselves  to  the  cause,  Mr.  Campbell 
said: — 

You  must  show  how  the  tools  that  we 
have  been  given  can  be  most  effectively  used 
to  the  benefit  of  the  handicapped.  Effec- 
tive co-ordination  of  services  must  be 
developed  within  our  province. 

The  training  of  the  necessary  personnel 
must  be  encouraged.  Facilities  for  medical 
rehabilitation  must  be  improved.  Case  find- 
ing and  referral  programs  must  be  inaugu- 
rated. Requisite  training  must  be  made 
available  so  that  as  many  of  our  disabled 
as  possible  can  be  restored  to  their  place 
of  maximum  usefulness  in  the  community. 

Wherever  possible,  the  end  goal  must  be 
the  placing  of  the  disabled  person  in  a  job 
suited  to  his  capacity;  a  job  that  will  enable 
him  to  experience  the  joy  of  independence 
and  security.  To  this  end  we  must  find 
better  ways  of  stimulating  employer  accept- 
ance of  the  so-called  disabled.  We  must 
devise  dynamic  placement  methods  that  will 
result  in  an  ever-increasing  number  of  the 
disabled  being  given  an  opportunity  to  prove 
their  worth. 

The  National  Co-ordinator  praised  the 
work   being   done    at   the    Maiton   Centre. 


1746 


He  pointed  out  that  in  1920,  before 
rehabilitation  had  been  instituted,  40,000 
industrial  accidents  in  Ontario  had  resulted 
in  2,000  permanent  disabilities.  Last  year, 
with  some  225,000  industrial  accidents,  only 
1,700  persons  were  permanently  disabled; 
of  these,  only  about  50  could  not  be 
restored  to  an  independent  role  in  the 
community. 

"You  must  share  with  me,"  he  said,  "an 
admiration  for  the  legislators,  adminis- 
trators, doctors,  therapists,  rehabilitation 
officers  and  the  general  staff  who  have 
made  this  possible." 

Schedule  "R" 

An  outline  of  Schedule  "R"  was  given  to 
the  meeting  by  A.  W.  Crawford,  Director 
of  Vocational  Training,  Department  of 
Labour.  He  pointed  out  that  the  schedule 
would  provide  longer  training  periods  than 
under  existing  schedules  and  would  include 
other  provisions  especially  designed  to 
facilitate  the  training  of  disabled  persons 
for  employment. 

The  Committee  adopted  a  resolution 
recommending  that  all  provincial  trainees 
under  Schedule  "R"  be  approved  by  a 
selection  committee  composed  of  at  least 
three  persons,  one  representing  the  pro- 
vincial department  concerned,  one  repre- 
senting the  federal  Government  and  the 
third  member  being  the  provincial  co- 
ordinator or  his  appointed  representative. 
One  of  these  members,  it  was  stated,  may 
represent  the  social  agencies  and  organiza- 
tions in  the  province. 

Other  Government  Speakers 

A  comprehensive  report  on  the  new 
medical  rehabilitation  grant  and  the  appli- 
cation of  the  health  grants  to  rehabilitation 
was  presented  by  Dr.  K.  C.  Charron, 
Principal  Medical  Officer  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  National  Health  and  Welfare. 
J.  W.  Willard,  Director  of  Research  in 
the  same  department,  explained  several 
details  of  the  report. 

Assistance  by  the  Department  of  Veterans 
Affairs  in  developments  helpful  to  civilian 
rehabilitation  was  outlined  by  G.  H.  Par- 
liament, Director  General  of  Veterans' 
Welfare  Services. 


Malton  Rehabilitation  Centre 

Commenting  on  the  Malton  Rehabilita- 
tion Centre  after  the  tour,  E.  E.  Sparrow, 
L Chairman  of  the  Ontario  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation Board,  said  that  in  the  first  nine 
months  of  this  year,  2,652  patients  had 
been  admitted.    Of  the  2,100  discharged  in 


the  same  period,  61  per  cent  had  returned 
to  their  own  employment  and  32  per  cent 
to  new  employment. 

The  total  staff  at  the  centre,  including 
maintenance  personnel,  is  225.  There  are 
ten  doctors  and  16  registered  nurses. 
Physiotherapists  and  occupational  thera- 
pists account  for  a  large  part  of  the 
remainder. 

The  centre  has  an  eight-ward  hospital, 
with  a  capacity  of  190  patients,  and  a 
clinic  with  a  capacity  of  328.  The  average 
length  of  stay  for  patients  is  5-2  weeks. 

Mr.  Sparrow  said  the  cost  of  operating 
the  centre,  at  $6  per  day  per  patient,  was 
not  an  expense  but  rather  an  investment. 

Following  the  tour,  the  members  of  the 
Committee  viewed  the  film,  Everybody's 
Handicapped,  produced  for  the  Depart- 
ment of  Labour  by  the  National  Film 
Board   (L.G.,  Nov.,  p.  1595). 

NES  Placements 

In  Toronto,  the  members  of  the 
Committee  heard  a  report  on  special 
placements  from  C.  A.  L.  Murchison, 
Commissioner,  Unemployment  Insurance 
Commission,  who  said  that  special  train- 
ing of  placement  officers  and  UIC  staff, 
begun  in  1941,  was  continuing.  He  reported 
on  the  large  number  of  placements  made 
by  the  National  Employment  Service,  but 
pointed  out  that  a  thorough  job  could  not 
be  done  until  facilities  for  assessment  and 
training  of  the  disabled  were  better 
developed  across  Canada. 

Resolutions  and  Reports 

The  Committee  decided  to  reconstitute 
its  three  subcommittees  which  deal  with 
personnel,  publicity,  grants,  vocational 
training,  placement  and  medical  treatment. 

Reports  on  rehabilitation  facilities  and 
progress  with  the  co-ordination  agreement 
were  received  from  all  ten  provinces.  The 
private  welfare  agencies  represented  on  the 
Committee  reported  on  their  special 
activities. 

In  several  resolutions  adopted  at  the 
close  of  the  meeting,  the  Committee: 
(1)  referred  to  the  executive  committee 
for  study  the  recently-completed  survey  of 
650  physically-handicapped  persons  regis- 
tered with  the  National  Employment 
Service  in  Montreal;  (2)  referred  to  the 
executive  committee  the  question  of 
sponsoring  a  national  "Employ  the  Handi- 
capped" week;  and  (3)  endorsed  both 
English  and  French  versions  of  the  film 
Everybody's  Handicapped. 

1747 


Members  Present 

Members  of  the  Committee  who  attended 
the  meeting  were: — 

Representatives  of  the  Provincial  Gov- 
ernments.— Hon.  L.  C.  Halmrast,  Minister 
of  Public  Welfare,  Alberta;  Dr.  G.  F. 
Amyot,  Deputy  Minister  of  Health,  British 
Columbia;  K.  0.  Mackenzie,  Deputy  Min- 
ister of  Public  Welfare,  Manitoba;  Dr. 
A.  M.  Clarke,  Acting  Director,  Maternal 
and  Child  Welfare  Division,  Department  of 
Health  and  Social  Services,  New  Bruns- 
wick ;  Dr.  T.  A.  Knowling,  Medical  Officer 
in  Charge,  Anti-T.B.  Service,  Department 
of  Health,  Newfoundland;  H.  S.  Farquhar, 
Director  of  Old  Age  Pensions,  Depart- 
ment of  Public  Welfare,  Nova  Scotia;  Dr. 
M.  E.  J.  Stalker,  Chief  Medical  Inspector 
of  Hospitals,  Department  of  Health, 
Ontario;  Dr.  Lloyd  W.  Shaw,  Deputy 
Minister  and  Director  of  Education,  Prince 
Edward  Island;  Gustave  Poisson,  Deputy 
Minister,  Department  of  Social  Welfare  and 
Youth,  Quebec;  J.  S.  White,  Deputy  Min- 
ister of  Social  Welfare  and  Rehabilitation, 
Saskatchewan. 

Representatives  of  Federal  Government 
Departments. — C.  A.  L.  Murchison,  Com- 
missioner, Unemployment  Insurance  Com- 
mission; J.  W.  Willard,  Director,  Research 
Division,  Department  of  National  Health 
and  Welfare;  G.  H.  Parliament,  Director 
General  of  Veterans'  Welfare  Services, 
Department  of  Veterans  Affairs. 

Representatives  of  Health  and  Welfare 
Voluntary  Agencies. — Lt.-Col.  E.  A.  Baker, 


Managing  Director,  Canadian  National 
Institute  for  the  Blind;  John  G.  Counsell, 
President,  Canadian  Paraplegic  Association; 
T.  A.  J.  Cunnings,  Executive  Director, 
Sanatorium  Board  of  Manitoba;  Maj.  E.  A. 
Dunlop,  Executive  Director,  Canadian 
Arthritis  and  Rheumatism  Society;  Dr.  E. 
Govan,  Canadian  Welfare  Council;  R.  W. 
Hopper,  Recording  Secretary,  Canadian 
Council  for  Crippled  Children. 

Representatives  of  the  Medical  Profes- 
sion.— Dr.  H.  Hoyle  Campbell,  Canadian 
Medical  Association;  Dr.  G.  Gingras, 
Medical  Director,  Rehabilitation  Society  for 
Cripples;  Dr.  Arnold  L.  Swanson,  Execu- 
tive Secretary,  Canadian  Hospital  Council. 

Representatives  of  Organized  Employers. 
— F.  M.  Brady,  Assistant  Superintendent  of 
Staff,  Bank  of  Montreal;  Roy  Campbell, 
Secretary,  Canadian  International  Paper 
Company;  G.  Egerton  Brown,  Sun  Life 
Assurance  Co. 

Representatives  of  Organized  Labour. — 
Gordon  C.  Cushing,  General  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  The  Trades  and  Labour  Con- 
gress of  Canada;  Max  Dodds,  Director  of 
Welfare,  Ontario  Federation  of  Labour; 
H.  Laverdure,  Canadian  and  Catholic  Con- 
federation of  Labour. 

Representatives  of  Universities  and 
Groups  especially  interested  in  Rehabilita- 
tion.— Dr.  G.  F.  McNally,  Chairman,  Voca- 
tional Training  Advisory  Council;  Rev. 
Father  J.  C.  Beaudin,  Montreal;  Prof. 
R.  E.  Guay,  School  of  Social  Work,  Laval 
University;   Dr.  J.  C.  Meakins,  Montreal. 


Britain  Sets  up  Company  to  Provide  Work  for  Disabled 


Remploy  Limited,  an  independent,  non- 
profit-making  British  organization,  formed 
in  1945  with  the  object  of  providing 
sheltered  employment  for  severely  disabled 
persons,  had  by  the  end  of  1952  some  90 
factories  in  operation,  employing  about 
6,000  disabled  workers. 

Originally  known  as  The  Disabled 
Persons  Employment  Corporation,  Remploy 
Ltd.  was  established  under  the  provisions 
of  the  Disabled  Persons  (Employment) 
Act,  1944.  Its  board  of  directors,  appointed 
by  the  Minister  of  Labour  and  National 
Service,  includes  trade  union  officials, 
prominent  business  men  and  persons  with 
special  interest  and  experience  in  resettle- 
ment of  the  disabled. 

Although  the  Act  authorizes  financial 
grants  to  be  made  to  the  company,  such 
assistance  is  kept  to  the  minimum,  it  being 


regarded  as  in  the  best  interests  of  the 
community  that  it  should  be  as  nearly  as 
possible  self-supporting. 

Wherever  possible,  the  workers  are 
employed  for  the  full  44-hour  working 
week;  it  is  considered  important  to  their 
satisfactory  re-settlement  that  they  should 
feel  that  they  are  taking  a  full  and  active 
part  in  the  work  of  the  community.  Seven 
special  factories  are  reserved  for  the  tuber- 
culous, who  unless  allowed  to  start  work 
for  a  few  hours  only  a  day  might  never 
be  able  to  enter  or  re-enter  employment. 

It  is  felt  to  be  in  the  general  interests 
of  the  workers  that  the  factories  should 
be  efficient  production  units.  To  elim- 
inate every  source  of  avoidable  loss  the 
company  has  been  reorganized  on  a  trade 
instead  of  a  geographical  basis.  A  good 
week's  work  is  expected  from  the  workers 


1748 


within  the  limits  set  by  their  disabilities. 
The  pace  at  which  a  man  works  and  the 
facilities  which  he  is  given  by  way  of 
modifications  of  equipment  and  easing  of 
working  conditions  are  carefully  regulated 
in  relation  to  his  disability. 

Each  factory  receives  part-time  service 
of  a  doctor,  who  advises  on  conditions  of 
work;  joint  consultative  committees  are 
set  up;  employees  are  allowed  to  join 
appropriate  trade  unions  and  facilities  are 
allowed  to  union  officials. 

In  consultation  with  the  trade  unions 
concerned,  standard  rates  of  pay  have  been 
introduced  for  all  the  severely  disabled 
workers,  irrespective  of  the  trade  carried 
on,  with  provision  for  periodical  increases. 
These  rates  are  subject  to  revision  from 
time  to  time  in  the  same  way  as  wage 
rates  in  industry. 


On  account  of  the  difficulty  of  finding 
continuous  and  suitable  remunerative  work, 
the  number  of  homeworkers  employed  is 
small.  The  factories  are  encouraged  to 
undertake  work  of  which  part  can  be 
processed  by  homeworkers. 

The  company  has  permission  to  recruit 
up  to  15  per  cent  of  its  total  factory 
productive  strength  from  the  able-bodied 
or  less  severely  disabled  to  do  work  unsuit- 
able for  severely  disabled  persons  and  to 
fill  key  posts  essential  to  the  efficient 
running  of  the  factories.  In  actual  prac- 
tice, the  number  so  employed  falls  below 
the  percentage  permitted.  They  are 
mainly  craftsmen  and  skilled  workers, 
around  whom  the  rest  of  the  factory  staff 
can  be  built  and  who  can  give  training  to 
the   severely   disabled  workers. 


Vocational  Training  Advisory  Counci 
Holds  20th  Semi-Annual  Meeting 


New  method  of  allocating  grants  under  Vocational  Schools'  Assistance 
Agreement  and  plans  for  enlarging  membership  of  Council  are  discussed 


A  new  method  of  allocating  grants  under 
the  Vocational  Schools'  Assistance  Agree- 
ment and  plans  for  enlarging  its  own 
membership  were  discussed  at  the  20th 
semi-annual  meeting  of  the  Vocational 
Training  Advisory  Council  in  Ottawa, 
November  16  and  17. 

Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  of 
Labour,  stressed  in  his  welcoming  address 
the  need  for  more  opportunities  for  in- 
plant  trades  training.  Commenting  on  the 
newly-drafted  Schedule  "R"  (see  below), 
he  pointed  out  that  one  of  the  main 
functions  of  the  rehabilitation  program 
was  to  provide  the  medically-rehabilitated 
person  with  the  necessary  training  to  suit 
him  for  a  real  career  job. 

The  Minister  said  far  too  few  young  people 
were  taking  vocational  training,  preferring 
high-paid  but  unskilled  jobs  instead.  He 
paid  tribute  to  the  co-operation  existing  in 
federal-provincial  vocational  training 
schemes. 

The  Vocational  Training  Advisory 
Council  is  composed  of  representatives  of 
employers,  labour,  war  veterans,  women's 
organizations,  educationists  and  other 
interested  groups.  Its  function  is  to  assist 
the  federal  Minister  of  Labour  in  formulat- 


ing policy  and  administrative  procedure  in 
the  promotion  of  vocational  training  in 
Canada. 

The  two-day  meeting,  under  the  chair- 
manship of  Dr.  G.  Fred  McNally,  former 
Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Alberta, 
was  attended  by  representatives  from  all 
ten  provinces. 

Vocational  Schools'  Assistance  Agreement 

Proposals  for  revision  of  the  Vocational 
Schools'  Assistance  Agreement  were  given 
in  a  report  submitted  to  the  Council  by  a 
special  committee.  The  new  plan  calls 
for  equalization  of  federal  grants  to  the 
provinces  on  the  basis  of  population  and 
average  personal  income. 

The  five-man  special  committee,  headed 
by  L.  S.  Beattie  of  the  Ontario  Depart- 
ment of  Education,  pointed  out  in  its 
report  that  the  present  agreement,  which 
expires  March  31,  1955,  has  provided 
substantial  aid  to  the  provinces  in  pro- 
moting the  building  of  new  accommodation, 
and  also  in  providing  maintenance  grants 
for  vocational  training.  However,  chang- 
ing conditions  have  made  the  terms  of  the 
agreement  inadequate  and  less  effective  in 
meeting  the  needs  of  a  rapidly-expanding 


1749 


industrial  economy  which  requires  a 
corresponding  acceleration  in  a  vocational 
training  program. 

The  new  agreement,  said  the  report, 
should  continue  to  recognize  provincial 
autonomy,  should  include  a  clearer  defini- 
tion of  "vocational  training",  should  relate 
federal  assistance  to  a  continuous  and 
flexible  program  of  vocational  training,  and 
should  continue  federal  contributions 
towards  capital  expenditures  on  new 
buildings  and  equipment. 

The  committee's  report  recommended, 
among  other  things,  that  an  annual  federal 
appropriation  of  five  million  dollars  be 
requested,  and  that  this  amount  be 
allotted  to  the  provinces  as  follows:  an 
outright  grant  of  $10,000  per  province; 
$2,450,000  allotted  on  a  15-19  age  group 
basis;  and  $2,450,000  allotted  on  an 
equalized  formula  based  on  average  pro- 
vincial personal  income. 

Mr.  Beattie  pointed  out  that  this  would 
provide  more  money  to  a  province  as  its 
population  increased  and  also  as  its  level 
of  personal  income  decreased. 

The  Council  approved  the  committee's 
recommendations  and  agreed  that  the 
formula  should  be  based  on  the  previous 
five-year  average  for  which  statistics  were 
available. 

Later  the  Council  adopted  a  resolution 
calling  for  the  preparation  of  a  brief  based 
on  the  committee's  report  and  the  sub- 
mission of  the  brief  to  the  federal 
Minister  of  Labour.  The  resolution  also 
requested  the  Minister  to  send  copies  of 
the  brief  for  comment  to  all  provincial 
ministers  of  education  and  to  all  organ- 
izations represented  on  the  Council. 

Membership  of  Council 

The  Council  recommended  that  its 
membership  be  expanded  from  16  mem- 
bers plus  chairman  to  20  members  plus 
chairman.  This,  it  was  pointed  out,  would 
allow  official  representation  from  each  of 
the  ten  provinces  as  well  as  from  interested 
organizations. 

A  motion  was  approved  proposing  that 
the  basis  of  the  enlarged  Council  be  one 
representative  from  each  of  the  ten  prov- 
inces, the  remaining  ten  members  to  come 
from  labour  and  employer  organizations 
and  other  interested  groups.  It  was 
further  moved  and  carried  that  an  alternate 
member  be  appointed  at  the  same  time 
each  regular  member  is  appointed,  this 
alternate  to  have  full  voting  power  when 
attending  council  meetings. 

Progress  Report 

C.  R.  Ford,  Assistant  Director  of  Train- 
ing, reported  that  the  number  of  students 


enrolled  in  vocational  schools  and  classes 
increased  in  all  provinces  during  the  past 
year.  More  building  projects  are  needed 
and  are  under  consideration  in  each 
province. 

Of  the  $10  million  provided  by  the 
federal  Government  for  capital  expendi- 
tures on  vocational  training  facilities,  93 
per  cent  or  $9,325,926  has  been  claimed  by 
the  provinces  up  to  October  this  year. 
The  scheme  came  into  effect  in  1945. 

Only  three  projects  are  now  incomplete, 
one  in  Manitoba  and  two  in  Ontario. 
Extensions  to  these  two  provinces  have 
been  given  to  the  end  of  the  present  fiscal 
year.  Newfoundland  has  not  yet  claimed 
its  share  of  funds  under  this  federal- 
provincial  agreement. 

Schedule  "M"  (Training  of  Handi- 
capped)— Mr.  Ford  reported  that  1,409 
persons  have  been  given  training  under 
this  schedule,  including  303  handicapped 
persons.  Of  the  latter,  149  were  enrolled 
since  March  31. 

A  few  special  classes  for  rehabilitation 
purposes  have  been  organized  but  the 
usual  practice  is  to  use  available  training 
facilities.  The  commercial  class  under  this 
schedule  at  Saskatoon  has  been  closed. 

Schedule      "O"      (Youth      Training)— 

Training  under  this  schedule  consists  of 
classes  for  rural  young  people,  classes  for 
fishermen  and  occupational  classes.  The 
number  of  classes  is  not  increasing. 
During  the  fiscal  year,  1,368  persons  have 
been  given  instruction.  Mr.  Ford  said 
increased  student  aid,  given  under  this 
schedule,  is  continually  being  requested. 

Schedule  "Q"  (Supervisory  Training) — 

Training  under  this  schedule  has  continued 
in  Quebec  and  has  been  resumed  in 
Ontario  and  Alberta.  Resumption  of 
training  is  being  considered  in  Saskat- 
chewan. 

Schedule  "K-I"  (Trade  Training  for 
Armed  Services) — A  small  increase  over 
the  previous  year  was  reported.  Since 
March  31,  there  have  been  455  trainees,  of 
whom  287  are  new  enrolments.  Classes  in 
vehicle  mechanics  are  being  given  at 
Calgary,  Winnipeg  and  Three  Rivers; 
classes  in  electrical  mechanics  at  Moncton; 
and  classes  in  elementary  electronics  to 
RCAF  personnel  at  Toronto. 

The  course  in  vehicle  mechanics  has 
been  closed  at  Moncton  and  enrolments 
in  the  same  course  reduced  by  two-thirds 
at  Calgary. 

A  new  telecommunications  course  for 
the  Army  is  being  planned  at  Winnipeg 
to  begin  early  in  1954. 


1750 


Schedule  "K-2"  (Training  of  Workers 
for  Defence  Industries) — Enrolments  in 
this  program  have  increased.  Since  March 
31,  291  students  have  been  given  in- 
struction in  full-time  classes  and  56  in 
part-time  classes.  At  September  1952, 
corresponding  enrolments  were  199  and  121. 

Full-time  classes  in  welding  were  given 
in  British  Columbia;  in  aircraft  and  sheet 
metal  in  Alberta;  in  machine  shop  in  New 
Brunswick;  and  in  aircraft  and  sheet 
metal,  welding  and  machine  shop  in  Nova 
Scotia. 

Civilian  Teachers  for  Armed  Services — 

A  total  of  98  civilian  teachers  has  been 
provided  for  17  training  institutions  oper- 
ated by  the  Armed  Forces.  These  teachers 
instruct  in  related  subjects  (mathematics, 
science  and  English).  The  program  is 
being  financed  from  funds  supplied  by  the 
Department  of  National  Defence. 

Apprenticeship — At  the  end  of  Septem- 
ber, 11,865  apprentices  were  registered 
with  provincial  Apprenticeship  Branches. 
This  is  an  increase  of  941  over  the  previous 
year. 

Since  March  31  this  year,  2,173  new 
apprentices  have  been  registered,  1,357  have 
completed  their  apprenticeship  training  and 
697  have  dropped  out  of  the  program. 

Vocational     Correspondence     Courses — 

Under  the  agreement  16  vocational  corre- 
spondence courses  have  been  completed; 
five  have  been  advanced  to  the  stage 
where  students  are  being  accepted  for 
registration;  23  are  under  preparation;  four 
are  being  revised  and  one  new  course  has 
been  approved.  Preparation  of  three  other 
courses  has  been  dropped. 

Usage  of  these  courses  in  Saskatchewan 
has  multiplied  more  than  ten  times  since 
the  federal-provincial  arrangement  has 
come  into  effect. 

The  Manitoba  government  is  experienc- 
ing difficulty  in  the  preparation  of  courses 
in  plastering  and  refrigeration  and  has 
asked  to  be  relieved  of  the  undertaking. 

Vocational  Training  for  Disabled 

Mr.  Ford  reported  that  the  newly- 
drafted  Schedule  "R"  for  the  training  of 
disabled  persons  has  been  sent  to  all 
provinces  but  that  up  to  November  1,  only 
two,  Alberta  and  Ontario,  have  signed  it. 
In  no  province  has  it  become  operative. 

A.  W.  Crawford,  Director  of  Training 
in  the  federal  Department  of  Labour, 
informed  the  Council  that  co-ordinated 
rehabilitation  programs  have  not  yet  been 
established  in  the  provinces.  He  said  the 
schedule   as   drafted  cannot   go   into   effect 


until  a  selection  committee  has  been  set 
up  and  a  provincial  co-ordinator  appointed. 

Ian  Campbell,  National  Co-ordinator  of 
Civilian  Rehabilitation,  recalled  last  year's 
proposal  that  Schedule  "R"  be  made  part 
of  an  over-all  rehabilitation  program.  He 
said  provincial  co-ordinators  had  proved 
difficult  to  find. 

Mr.  Campbell  asked  the  members  of  the 
Council  if  there  was  agreement  on  the 
principle  of  having  provincial  co-ordinators. 
After  being  assured  by  most  of  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  provinces  that  there 
was,  he  said  he  hoped  the  provinces  would 
sign  Schedule  "R"  even  if  they  did  not 
sign  the  co-ordination  agreement  first. 
The  latter  has  been  signed  by  three 
provinces,  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan  and 
New  Brunswick. 

Mr.  Crawford  closed  the  discussion  by 
pointing  out  that  rehabilitation  work  could 
not  be  carried  very  far  under  Schedule 
"M"  because  of  its  limitations. 

Vocational  Training  for  NWT 

A  survey  was  made  of  the  southern 
MacKenzie  River  area  to  determine  the 
need  for  vocational  training  and  the 
possible  application  of  the  four  federal- 
provincial  agreements  to  the  North  West 
Territories.  As  a  result,  the  Governor  in 
Council  has  been  requested  to  extend  the 
Vocational  Schools'  Assistance  Agreement, 
the  Vocational  Training  Agreement  and  the 
Apprenticeship  Agreement  to  the  North 
West  Territories  on  the  same  basis  as  to 
the  provinces. 

Mr.  Ford  pointed  out  that  the  total 
population  of  the  North  West  Territories 
is  about  16,000  and  the  number  of  persons 
in  the  15-19  year  age  group  about  1,000. 

Apprenticeship 

The  current  shortage  of  apprentices  in 
training  continues,  although  this  year's 
increase  in  the  number  of  indentured 
apprentices  is  greater  than  the  estimated 
expansion  of  industry,  reported  J.  H.  Ross, 
Supervisor  of  Trade  Training,  Department 
of  Labour.  Mr.  Ross  said  that  unless  the 
rate  at  which  apprentices  are  employed 
increases,  it  will  be  12  to  15  years  before 
the  current  and  expanding  needs  of  indus- 
try are  satisfied. 

In  all  provinces  the  trend  is  to  provide 
apprentices  with  training  that  meets 
current  needs.  The  division  of  training 
responsibility  between  the  employer  and 
the  schools  has  not  been  finally  decided  in 
the  provinces. 


1751 


Trade  Analyses 

Progress  is  being  made  with  the  analyses 
of  the  machinist  and  carpentry  trades;  it 
is  expected  that  the  latter  will  be  com- 
pleted by  next  spring. 

Mr.  Ross  said  the  trade  analyses  will  be 
of  value  to  apprenticeship  schools  and  also 
to  the  small  employer  who  wants  to  know 
what  further  training  his  apprentices 
require  when  they  attend  the  school. 

It  was  hoped  one  result  of  the  trade 
analyses  would  be  national  standards  for 
the  various  trades,  and  for  each  trade  a 
nationally  recognized  core  of  skills. 

Mr.  Ross  reported  that  only  one  prov- 
ince, New  Brunswick,  provided  the  appren- 
tice with  a  check-list  wherein  all  training 
he  has  taken  is  recorded,  together  with  a 
rating. 

Regional  Directors 

The  need  for  regional  directors  was 
indicated  by  Mr.  Crawford  in  his  report. 
He  said  that  in  the  opinion  of  the  Training 
Branch,  it  is  highly  desirable  to  retain 
the  position  of  Regional  Director  in  each 
province. 

All  members  of  the  Council  agreed  with 
this  opinion.  A  resolution  supporting  it 
was  adopted  unanimously. 

Mr.  Crawford  said  a  regional  director  is 
needed  not  only  as  a  liaison  officer  for  all 
activities  under  the  Vocational  Training 
Co-ordination  Act,  but  also  to  be  directly 
responsible  for  the  organization  and  admin- 
istration of  projects  under  Schedules  L 
and  K-l.  One  of  the  chief  reasons  for 
maintaining  this  office  in  each  province,  he 
said,  is  to  have  a  skeleton  organization  of 
experienced  persons  which  can  be  rapidly 
expanded  to  meet  emergency  conditions 
arising  as  a  result  of  depression  or  threat 
of  war. 

At  present,  four  provinces  are  without 
regional  directors.  They  are  British 
Columbia,  Manitoba,  Quebec  and  New- 
foundland, where  the  work  is  being  done 
by  other  officials. 

Renewal  of  Agreements 

The  Council  was  reminded  that  the 
Vocational  Training  Agreement  and  the 
Apprenticeship  Agreement  both  expire  on 
March  31,  1954.  The  Vocational  Corre- 
spondence Course  Agreement  and  the 
Vocational  Schools'  Assistance  Agreement 
expire   one  year  later. 

The  members  of  the  Council  recom- 
mended that  the  Vocational  Training 
Agreement  be  renewed  for  a  five-year 
period;     that    student    aid    be    continued 


under  this  agreement;  and  that  teacher 
training  be  included  with  university 
courses  under  Schedule  H. 

In  another  resolution,  the  Council  recom- 
mended the  renewal  of  the  Apprenticeship 
Agreement  for  a  further  ten-year  period. 

During  discussion  of  the  Vocational 
Correspondence  Courses  Agreement,  several 
provinces  reported  a  strong  demand  for 
this  type  of  training.  Some  2,000  persons 
in  the  province  of  Quebec  have  taken  such 
courses  in  the  five  years  the  agreement 
has  been  in  effect.  British  Columbia 
reported  a  strong  demand  for  courses  in  all 
technical  trades. 

Mr.  Crawford  said  only  about  15  per 
cent  of  the  funds  allotted  by  the  federal 
Government  under  this  agreement  has  been 
claimed. 

Student  Aid 

At  least  five  provinces  could  use  more 
federal  funds  than  they  now  receive  for 
student  aid,  the  Council  was  informed. 
Most  provinces  reported  a  steady  demand 
for  assistance  under  this  sub-schedule. 

Vocational  Training  Publications 

The  preparation  of  occupational  mono- 
graphs is  continuing.  Dr.  G.  V.  Haythorne, 
Director  of  the  Economics  and  Research 
Branch  of  the  federal  Department  of 
Labour,  reported  that  the  monograph  on 
the  baking  trade  was  completed  and  had 
been  validated.  Material  for  the  mono- 
graph on  the  teaching  profession  will  soon 
be  completed.  Others  in  preparation  deal 
with  hospital  aids,  welders  and  draftsmen. 

The  film  strip  program  is  now  under 
way,  said  Dr.  Haythorne.  Four  strips  are 
being  prepared.  They  deal  with  the  plumb- 
ing and  engineering  trades  and  technical 
occupations  in  radio  and  electronics. 

Members  Attending 

Members  attending  the  meeting  of  the 
Council  were: — 

Dr.  G.  Fred  McNally;  L.  S.  Beattie, 
Superintendent  of  Secondary  Education, 
Department  of  Education,  Ontario;  H.  C. 
Campbell,  Deputy  Minister  of  Education, 
Victoria;  G.  G.  Cushing,  Secretary- 
Treasurer,  Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of 
Canada;  E.  K.  Ford,  Director  of  Voca- 
tional Education,  Department  of  Education, 
Nova  Scotia;  Dr.  G.  A.  Frecker,  Deputy 
Minister  of  Education,  Newfoundland; 
J.  W.  McNutt,  Director  of  Vocational 
Education,  Department  of  Education,  New 
Brunswick;  Gustave  Poisson.  Deputy  Min- 
ister, Department  of  Youth  and  Social 
Welfare,  Quebec;  T.  H.  Robinson,  Manager, 
Industrial  Relations  Department,  Canadian 


1752 


International  Paper  Company,  Montreal; 
W.  A.  Ross,  Regional  Director,  Depart- 
ment of  Education,  Saskatchewan;  W.  H.  C. 
Seeley,  Assistant  Manager  of  Administra- 
tion, Toronto  Transportation  Commission; 
and  Mrs.  A.  Turner  Bone,  President  of  the 
National  Council  of  Women  of  Canada. 
Others  attending  the  meeting  were: — 
Dr.  L.  W.  Shaw,  Deputy  Minister  of 
Education,  Prince  Edward  Island;  J. 
Delorme,  Director  General  of  Studies,  Arts 
and  Crafts  Schools,  Montreal;  A.  M.  Moon, 
Assistant  Superintendent  of  Secondary 
Education,  Department  of  Education, 
Ontario;  L.  S.  Smith,  Technical  School 
Inspector,  Department  of  Education, 
Manitoba;  R.  H.  MacCuish,  Director  of 
Training,    Department    of    Labour,    Nova 


Scotia;  Dr.  W.  H.  Swift,  Deputy  Min- 
ister of  Education, '  Alberta;  J.  A.  Doyle, 
Director  of  Technical  Education,  Depart- 
ment of  Education,  Saskatchewan;  Dr. 
F.  T.  Fairey,  Victoria;  Ian  Campbell, 
National  Co-ordinator  of  Rehabilitation 
Services;  Dr.  H.  W.  Jamieson,  Director  of 
Training  Services,  Department  of  Veterans 
Affairs,  Ottawa;  Dr.  G.  V.  Haythorne, 
H.  O.  Gudgin  and  P.  Cohen  of  the 
Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Depart- 
ment of  Labour,  Ottawa;  T.  A.  Fishbourne 
and  D.  W.  McDuffee  of  the  Unemploy- 
ment Insurance  Commission,  Ottawa; 
A.  W.  Crawford,  C.  R.  Ford  and  J.  H. 
Ross  of  the  Vocational  Training  Branch, 
Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa;  and  A. 
Fortier,  Department  of  Finance,  Ottawa. 


Canadian  Chamber  of  Commerce 

Presents  Annual  Brief  to  Cabinet 


Takes  serious  view  of  decline  in  immigration,  expresses  opposition  to 
"any  form  of  compulsory  health  insurance  or  state  medicine"  and  says 
greater  productivity  is  the  key  to  national  and   individual   prosperity 


In  a  brief  presented  to  the  Cabinet  on 
October  26,  the  Canadian  Chamber  of 
Commerce: — 

Noted  "with  serious  misgivings"  the 
recent  decline  in  the  number  of  immigrants 
to  Canada.  Unless  the  trend  is  reversed, 
it  stated,  Canada  will  fall  short  of  the  30 
million  population  goal  by  1975. 

Declared  its  opposition  to  "any  form  of 
compulsory  health  insurance  or  state 
medicine"  but  recognized  that  government 
aid  is  necessary  in  the  development  of 
adequate  health  facilities  throughout 
Canada. 

Urged  immediate  appointment  of  a  Royal 
Commission  to  study  government  economy 
and  efficiency. 

Declared  greater  productivity  the  key  to 
national  and  individual  prosperity. 

The  Chamber's  policy  declarations  had 
been  approved  by  the  24th  annual  meeting 
at  Edmonton  in  September. 

The  brief,  presented  by  a  delegation 
headed  by  the  Canadian  Chamber's  Presi- 
dent, W.  J.  Borrie,  of  Vancouver,  opened 
on  an  optimistic  note. 

Recent  international  developments,  the 
submission  stated,  by  raising  the  hope  that 
tensions    between   nations    may    be    eased, 


present  an  opportunity  of  supreme  impor- 
tance to  Canadians.  "It  should  be  the 
opportunity  for  which  businessmen  have 
been  waiting,  the  opportunity  to  show  what 
the  free  enterprise  system  can  achieve  if 
the  normal  burden  of  defence  expendi- 
tures can  be  reduced  to  more  tolerable 
levels." 

There  is  no  basis  for  pessimism*  the 
Chamber  felt,  stemming  from  the  expecta- 
tion that  any  possible  reduction  in  defence 
expenditures  would  cause  an  economic 
recession  or  collapse.  "The  Chamber 
believes  that  any  reduction  in  defence 
expenditures  should  be,  and  will  be,  only 
a  minor  proportion  of  present  totals  unless, 
and  until,  an  effective  disarmament  pro- 
gram is  reached  and  the  threat  of  aggres- 
sion is  removed.  Moreover,  the  Chamber 
believes    that    there    are    many    desirable 


*In  a  pres9  interview  in  Winnipeg  last 
month,  Mr.  Borrie  criticized  pessimistic 
Canadians  who  are  predicting  a  "crash" 
because  business  has  slipped  this  year  and 
will  dip  "even  farther"  in  1954.  "Business 
just  couldn't  continue  to  improve  at  the 
pace  it  has  been  setting  in  the  last  few 
years,"  he  said.  "Every  time  business  falls 
off  a  little,  some  people  worry  about 
disaster.     Things   are   far   from   that   bad." 


1753 


national  projects  and  alternative  civilian 
demands  in  Canada  which  will  be  quite 
ample  to  absorb  any  economic  readjust- 
ments that  may  be  necessary." 

Canada's  greatest  danger,  it  continued, 
lies  in  the  tendency  "to  regard  adequate 
defence  expenditures  as  an  emergency  need 
instead  of  as  a  permanent  part  of  living 
in  the  20th  Century. . . .  While  continuing 
to  insist  that  defence  spending  should  be 
administered  with  the  utmost  economy  and 
the  avoidance  of  waste,  the  Chamber 
believes  that  Canadians  must  come  to 
regard  reasonable  expenditures  on  defence 
as  being  necessary  and  essential  over  the 
long-term  future." 

Canada,  it  said,  is  in  the  midst  of  one 
of  the  great  periods  of  economic  expan- 
sion. "Canada  is  now  the  land  of  greatest 
opportunity  in  the  world  and  opportunities 
for  the  individual  will  grow  proportion- 
ately and  progressively  as  the  nation's  total 
population  increases." 

National  Health  Insurance 

The  Chamber's  policy  declaration  on 
national  health  and  health  services  recog- 
nized the  need  for  government  aid  in  the 
development  of  adequate  health  facilities 
throughout  Canada  but  was  opposed  to 
any  form  of  compulsory  health  insurance 
or  state  medicine. 

"The  Chamber,"  the  declaration  road, 
"endorses  the  program  of  health  service 
grants  by  federal  and  provincial  govern- 
ments and  believes  that  these  grants 
should  be  as  liberal  as  possible,  bearing  in 
mind  that  government  revenues  come  from 
the  people  and  that  existing  annual 
commitments  for  social  welfare  benefits 
already  are  substantial  and  are  increasing. 
The  Chamber  believes  that  the  contribu- 
tions made  by  governments  to  assist 
private  organizations  in  caring  for  the 
indigent  sick  are  unrealistic  and  inadequate 
in  some  instances  and  should  be  increased." 

In  stating  its  opposition  to  any  form  of 
national  health  plan,  the  Chamber  expressed 
apprehension  concerning  the  cost.  It 
would,  it  feared,  "substantially  exceed"  the 
amount  at  present  being  spent  on  health 
in  Canada. 

"In  a  free  society,"  stated  the  declara- 
tion, "it  is  the  responsibility  of  the 
individual  to  bear  the  cost  of  medical  care 

for     himself     and     his     family The 

Chamber  believes  that  the  continued  rapid 
growth  of  the  various  voluntary  prepay- 
ment and  insurance  plans  will  soon  result 
in  the  Canadian  people  being  reasonably 
well  covered  against  the  costs  of  health 
services  without  sacrifice  of  individual 
responsibility." 


The  Chamber  commended  the  action  of 
those  employers  who  have  established 
plans  to  assist  their  employees  in  meeting 
the  cost  of  medical  care. 

Immigration 

The  flow  of  newcomers  to  Canada  has 
created  employment  rather  than  unem- 
ployment, the  brief  stated.  "Of  every  100 
immigrants,  about  50  are  dependents  or 
self-employed,  and  not  only  do  not  enter 
the  labour  market  but  become  direct 
consumers  of  all  sorts  of  agricultural  and 
manufactured  goods.  Each  year  in  the  past 
five  years  net  immigration  has  added  to 
Canadian  life  a  consumer  population  larger 
than  many  of  our  fair-sized  cities.  There 
is  no  doubt  that  these  new  consumers  have 
helped  to  maintain  the  momentum  of 
Canadian  prosperity." 

Canada's  immigration  policy  should  have 
as  an  objective  a  population  of  30  million 
by  1975,  the  Chamber  believed.  At  the 
same  time,  it  expressed  awareness  of  the 
importance  of  transportation  service  and 
the  timing  of  arrivals  to  coincide  with 
available  employment. 

The  Chamber  would  like  to  see  the 
present  government  assisted  passage  system 
for  selected  immigrants  extended. 

Other  Requests 

The  Chamber's  policy  submission  also 
requested    that    the    Government: — 

Keep  to  a  minimum  intervention  in 
business  and,  where  regulating  agencies 
are  needed,  "make  greater  use  of  business- 
men with  specialized  training  and 
experience". 

Continue  the  program  of  education  and 
training  in  civil  defence,  in  collaboration 
with  the  provinces  and  municipalities. 

Take  steps  to  eliminate  double  taxation 
wherever  it  exists. 

Amend  the  Income  Tax  Act  to  permit 
charitable  donations  in  excess  of  the 
amount  allowed  in  a  taxation  year  to  be 
deductible  from  the  taxable  income  of  the 
previous  year  or  the  next  succeeding  five 
3'ears. 

Give  private  capital  full  opportunity  to 
further  the  development  of  television  as 
rapidly  as  possible,  "subject  only  to 
rational  regional  allocation  of  channels  and 
the  strict  maintenance  of  allocated  frequen- 
cies by  licensees". 

Work  for  uniform  laws  on  daylight 
saving. 

Sponsor  a  Canadian  meeting  to  work  out 
a  uniform  system  of  road  markings  across 
the  country  to  promote  traffic  safety. 


1754 


Sixth  Annual  Convention  of  Industrial 

Federation  of  Labour  of  Alberta  (CCL) 


Proposed  changes  in  Alberta 
speakers   criticize  province's 

Proposed  changes  in  the  Alberta  Labour 
Act  were  the  chief  discussion  topic  at  the 
6th  annual  convention  of  the  Industrial 
Federation  of  Labour  of  Alberta  (CCL) 
October  22-24,  in  Calgary.  The  70  dele- 
gates and  guests  also  heard  that  new 
affiliations  had  almost  doubled  the  repre- 
sentation of  IFLA. 

CCL  Secretary-Treasurer  Donald  Mac- 
Donald,  speaking  at  the  convention 
banquet,  stated  that  labour  legislation  in 
Canada,  designed  to  emancipate  labour, 
has  become  a  device  to  paralyze  labour. 

"In  Alberta  particularly,  legislation  is 
blocking  our  efforts,"  Mr.  MacDonald  said. 
"We  must  be  careful  that  the  process  of 
law,  which  is  ostensibly  used  to  give  us 
a  cooling-off  period,  is  not  used  to  create 
a  complete  freezing  period."  The  arbitra- 
tion and  conciliation  pattern  may  make 
"our  right  to  strike  useless,"  he  added. 

Announcement  by  the  Government  of 
Alberta  that  the  Labour  Act  will  be  open 
for  changes  this  year  brought  a  number 
of  suggestions  for  changes  from  the  CCL 
unions  in  Alberta.  Jack  Hampson,  United 
Packinghouse  Workers  representative,  later 
elected  IFLA  President,  said  that  the 
changes  proposed  by  the  Government  do 
not  contain  any  proposals  made  by  the 
union  movement. 

Federation  President  Robert  Atkin 
reported  on  IFLA's  growth.  Last  year 
about  3,000  members  were  newly  affiliated, 
bringing  the  total  membership  in  CCL 
unions  in  Alberta  represented  by  the 
Federation  close  to  8,000. 


Labour  Act  chief  discussion  topic.  Many 
labour   legislation   at   two-day   meeting 

A  resolution  asking  for  support  for  the 
striking  gold  miners  in  northern  Ontario 
and  Quebec  was  unanimously  adopted. 

A  concentrated  drive  to  organize  Alberta 
oil  workers  was  announced  by  Ben  J. 
Schafer,  Vice-President  of  the  Oilworkers 
International  Union,  who  issued  a  warning 
against  company  unions  and  said  that 
Alberta  labour  legislation  is  loaded  against 
the  labour  movement. 

More  than  90  resolutions  came  before 
the  convention.  Most  dealt  with  changes 
in  existing  legislation. 

A  number  of  resolutions  demanded  the 
establishment  of  a  national  health  insur- 
ance plan,  old  age  pensions  of  $65  per 
month  at  65  years  and  improvements  in 
the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act. 

The  Government's  present  immigration 
policy  was  scored  in  a  resolution  demand- 
ing a  "program  of  planned  immigration,  to 
ensure  jobs  and  proper  housing  for 
immigrants". 

The  making  of  joint  representations  to 
governments  by  TLC  and  CCL  unions  was 
endorsed. 

In  the  elections,  Jack  Hampson  was 
elected  President  by  acclamation,  Mike 
Susnar,  United  Mine  Workers,  was  elected 
Vice-president,  and  Roy  Jamha,  CCL  rep- 
resentative, was  returned  as  Secretary- 
Treasurer  by  acclamation,  John  Stokaluk, 
UMWA,  Jack  Evans,  CCL,  Robert  Atkin 
and  Jim  Shewchuck,  CBRE,  were  elected 
executive  members. 


Annual  Convention,  N.B.  Council  of  Labour  (CCL) 

Housing  and  labour  legislation  major  topics  discussed.  CCL  President 
A.  R.  Mosher,  speaking  at  banquet,  voices  approval  of  public  ownership 


Housing  and  labour  legislation  were  the 
major  topics  discussed  at  the  annual  con- 
vention of  the  New  Brunswick  Council  of 
Labour  (CCL)  in  Saint  John,  August  27 
to    29.      A.    R.    Mosher,    President    of    the 


Canadian  Congress  of  Labour,  spoke  at 
the  convention  banquet  and  refuted  criti- 
cisms  of  public   control   of  industry. 

The  CCL  President  noted  that  there  was 
a     great     deal     of     discussion     about     the 


1755 


demands  of  organized  labour  for  public 
ownership  of  the  means  of  production  and 
distribution. 

"Those  who  defend  our  system  of 
private  ownership  and  control  of  industry- 
claim  that  economic  planning  and  public 
ownership  means  regimentation." 

"It  is  not  the  regimentation  they  fear," 
he  said.  "We  have  a  good  deal  of  it, 
undoubtedly  necessary,  under  any  system. 
What  is  feared  is  the  kind  of  regimenta- 
tion and  who  imposes  it — that  the  power 
now  concentrated  in  our  financial  institu- 
tions will  be  dethroned  and  the  public,  by 
democratic  process,  will  exercise  that 
power  for  the  common  welfare  instead  of 
the  selected  few." 

Mr.  Mosher  said  those  who  tag  public 
ownership  as  regimentation  "do  not  like 
the  idea  of  having  the  rules  of  the  game 
determined  by  all  the  participants  based 
upon  available  scientific  knowledge".  They 
prefer  that  control  be  retained  by  "those 
who  have  succeeded  in  retaining  a  firm 
hold  on  the  purse  strings,"  he  said. 

A  resolution  on  housing  called  on  the 
federal  and  provincial  Governments  to 
sponsor  further  housing  developments  in 
the  Saint  John  area. 

Other  resolutions  requested  federal  and 
provincial    assistance    in    improving    condi- 


tions in  the  Minto  coal  fields;  establish- 
ment of  the  40-hour  week  throughout  the 
province;  and  improvements  in  the  law 
governing  paid  vacations. 

Attending  the  convention  were:  Hon. 
Hugh  John  Fleming,  Premier  of  New 
Brunswick;  Henry  Weisbach,  Executive 
Secretary  of  the  CCL  Political  Action 
Committee;  and  J.  Harold  D'Aoust,  Cana- 
dian Director  of  the  Textile  Workers' 
Union  of  America  (CIO-CCL). 

Mr.  D'Aoust  said  in  an  address  that  both 
labour  and  management  are  seeking  a 
solution  to  the  current  slump  in  the  textile 
industry. 

Guests  at  the  convention  included  a 
group  of  officials  of  companies  having  con- 
tracts with  CCL  unions  in  the  province. 

Results  of  the  election  of  officers  were 
as  follows: — 

D.  A.  Elliot  of  Moncton,  re-elected 
President;  James  Coffey  of  Milltown,  First 
Vice-president;  D.  A.  Walls  of  Saint  John, 
Second  Vice-president;  and  W.  H.  Agnew 
of  Moncton,  Secretary-Treasurer. 

Elected  to  the  executive  committee  were : 
Lloyd  Cherry,  Saint  John;  Gilbert  Belle- 
ville, Minto;  Robert  Simmons,  Russell 
Wheaton  and  William  White,  all  of 
Moncton. 


1st  Convention,  Saskatchewan  Provincial  Federation  of  Labour 


The  newly-formed  Saskatchewan  Provin- 
cial Federation  of  Labour  (TLC-AFL) 
held  its  first  annual  convention  in 
Saskatoon,  September  11  and  12. 

Forty-two  delegates,  representing  all 
Trades  and  Labour  Congress  organizations 
in  the  province,  endorsed  the  establishment 
of  the  Federation  and  adopted  the  tentative 
constitution  drawn  up  at  a  meeting  last 
May  (L.G.,  July,  p.  988). 

The  delegates  formally  approved  the  in- 
clusion of  the  letters  "TLC-AFL"  in  the 
Federation's  title,  signifying  membership 
of  unions  affiliated  with  the  American 
Federation  of  Labour  as  well  as  with  the 
Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada. 

Carl  Berg,  a  Vice-president  of  the  TLC, 
addressed  the  convention  on  behalf  of 
Percy  Bengough,  TLC  President.  Mr. 
Berg  spoke  on  the  role  of  unionism  in 
the  education  of  workers. 

An  address  was  also  given  by  Hon.  C.  C. 
Williams,  Minister  of  Labour  in  the  pro- 
vincial Government. 


The  convention  passed  resolutions  calling 
for  a  40-hour  work  week  in  all  Saskat- 
chewan cities,  more  rigid  administration  of 
the  provincial  Apprenticeship  Act,  aboli- 
tion of  the  split  shift,  and  shorter  hours  of 
work  for  truck  drivers. 

Another  resolution  requested  an  amend- 
ment to  the  province's  Trade  Union  Act 
to  refuse  legal  counsel  during  presentations 
before  the  labour  relations  board  unless 
agreed  to  by  both  parties. 

Officers  elected  were:  A.  Tait  of  Moose 
Jaw,  President;  Don  Arnold  of  Saskatoon, 
First  Vice-president;  and  Ivan  Moore  of 
Regina,  Secretary-Treasurer. 

Other  members  elected  to  the  executive 
were:  H.  Scott,  Vice-president  for  Moose 
Jaw;  Nick  Kozak,  Vice-president  for  Prince 
Albert;  J.  C.  Davidson,  Vice-president  for 
Saskatoon;  Alex  Cochrane,  Vice-president 
for  Regina;  and  W.  Browne  of  Regina, 
Vice-president  for  the  Saskatchewan  Civil 
Service  Association. 


1756 


NEW  YEAR'S  MESSAGES 


Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  Minister  of  Labour 


On  the  threshold  of  a  new  year,  it  is 
traditional  to  review  the  happenings  of  the 
past  12  months  and  to  reflect  on  what 
may  lie  ahead  in  months  to  come.  Review- 
ing the  events  of  1953,  I  think  it  is 
important  that  we  fully  recognize  the 
remarkable  degree  of  progress  that  has 
continued  to  be  the  dominating  feature 
of  the  Canadian  economy. 

For  Canadian  industry,  by  and  large, 
1953  was  a  good  year.  Most  employees 
received  wage  or  salary  increases.  Returns 
to  management  also  have  been  generally 
good. 

Wage  increases,  for  the  most  part,  were 
not  as  large  as  those  that  occurred  during 
many  of  the  post-war  years.  The  average 
was  less  than  10  cents  an  hour.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  increases  were  in  some 
respects  the  most  important  of  any  that 
have  occurred  in  the  post-war  years.  In 
the  last  two  years,  we  have  had  a  period 
of  comparative  stability  in  the  level  of 
consumer  prices.  The  latest  figures  of 
consumer  prices  are  slightly  below  the  peek 
that  was  reached  two  years  ago  in  January 
1952.  Thus,  although  in  many  post-war 
years  wage  rises  in  most  instances  merely 

helped  the  worker  to  keep  pace  with  a  rising  cost  of  living,  the  mort  recent 
wage  increases  have  enabled  him  to  make  a  definite  and  appreciable  gain  in 
his  standard  of  living. 

His  standard  of  living  has  improved  also  as  a  result  of  the  increased 
leisure  time  made  available  through  widespread  reduction  in  the  length  of 
the  work  week.  In  the  manufacturing  industries  of  Canada,  almost  four- 
fifths  of  the  workers  are  now  on  a  5-day  week.  The  proportion  of  plant 
workers  on  a  40-hour  week  has  practically  doubled  within  a  space  of  four 
years,  and  now  amounts  to  well  over  40  per  cent  of  those  employed  in  manu- 
facturing. Longer  paid  vacations  and  more  paid  statutory  holidays  have  also 
increased  the  leisure  time  available  to  Canadian  workers. 

A  third  way  in  which  the  Canadian  worker  has  improved  his  position  is 
through  the  gains  in  personal  and  family  security  resulting  from  broader 
coverage  of  industrial  pension,  group  insurance  and  medical  benefit  plans. 

The  year  1953  saw  further  progress  being  made  in  the  experience  in 
industry  of  the  successful  negotiation  and  administration  of  collective  bargain- 
ing agreements. 

While  today  over  one-third  of  the  paid  workers  in  non-agricultural 
industries  are  covered  by  agreement,  it  should  be  remembered  that  the  wide- 
spread acceptance  of  collective  bargaining  as  the  appropriate  medium  for 
labour-management  relations  is  still  quite  new  in  this  country.  Personally,  I 
have  great  faith  in  the  collective  bargaining  system  as  a  means  of  extending 
our  democratic  ideals  into  industrial  life  and  of  keeping  industry  free  and  pro- 
ductive. Labour  and  management  are  making  progress  in  their  experience 
with  this  system. 

*  Industrial  relations  have  been  good  during  most  of  1953.    Time  lost  from 

industrial  disputes  was  well  below  average  during  the  first  two-thirds  of  the 


1757 


year,  although  during  the  later  months  there  was  a  rise  in  strike  activity.  It 
is  much  to  the  credit  of  both  parties  that  the  overwhelming  majority  of 
collective  agreements  in  Canada  again  were  signed  and  renewed  without 
recourse  to  strike  activity. 

Improvements  in  the  worker's  position  and  favourable  developments  in 
industrial  relations  have  had  their  source  in  generally  sound  business  condi- 
tions and  practices. 

While  there  have  been  some  unfavourable  features,  there  can  be  little 
doubt  that  on  the  whole  the  year  was  one  of  progress  and  growth.  Workers 
in  certain  industries,  such  as  textiles  and  agricultural  implements,  have  suffered 
from  lay-offs.  On  the  other  side  of  the  employment  picture,  some  shortages 
of  labour  have  continued  to  exist  here  and  there  for  specific  groups  of  skilled 
workers.  Any  long-term  appraisal  of  our  economy  makes  it  clear  that  tnere 
will  be  increasing  demand  for  skilled  and  professional  workers  in  the  years  to 
come.  In  spite  of  the  opportunities  provided  through  training  and  apprentice- 
ship programs,  there  is  still  an  insufficient  number  of  trained  people  to  meet 
all  present  and  anticipated  needs. 

In  cases  where  lay-offs  have  developed,  the  unemployment  insurance 
program,  including  the  national  emphyvment  service,  has  again  proved  its 
worth  in  the  post-war  years  and  the  legislation  in  this  field  has  been  kept 
under  review  so  that  its  benefits  may  be  extended  and  improved. 

As  we  look  at  the  prospects  for  the  year  1954,  certain  factors  stand  out. 
Defence  expenditures  are  expected  to  continue  their  sustaining  influence  on 
employment  levels  into  the  coming  3^ear.  However,  defence  spending  is  now 
exerting  less  influence  on  the  growth  of  employment  than  it  did  in  1951  and 
1952.  Resource  development  projects  are  continuing  and  their  completion  will 
not  only  increase  the  productive  capacity  of  our  country  but  will  also  entail 
the  need  for  expansion  of  secondary  and  service  facilities.  Foreign  trade  has 
shifted  somewhat  over  the  past  year  and  is  becoming  increasingly  competitive. 
On  the  other  hand,  sales  prospects  are  strong  in  the  home  market,  and  the 
level  of  investment  activity  is  expected  to  continue  high.  The  high  level  of 
personal  income  is  another  encouraging  factor.  Although  it  is  possible  that  a 
higher  year-to-year  level  of  unemployment  may  occur  this  winter,  it  appears 
that  fundamentally  our  basic  economy  continues  strong. 

As  a  nation,  we  have  learned  to  set  our  sights  high.  We  have  seen  our 
nation  move  forward  to  record  economic  heights  in  the  post-war  years.  In 
the  months  to  come,  both  labour  and  industry  will  have  important  decisions 
to  make.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  not  only  will  we  maintain  our  recent  gains 
in  living  standards  but  that  some  degree  of  further  progress  for  the  indi- 
vidual worker  may  also  be  possible.  It  will  be  necessary,  however,  for  labour 
and  management  to  consider  each  separate  situation  on  its  own  merits  and  to 
use  common  sense  and  sound  judgment  in  assessing  what  is  immediately 
possible. 

In  a  world,  so  many  portions  of  which  are  stricken  with  poverty,  our 
situation  and  prospects  seem  fortunate  indeed.  We  will  undoubtedly  have  the 
opportunity,  through  United  Nations  and  ILO  programs  of  assistance,  through 
the  Colombo  Plan,  and  through  our  own  efforts,  to  continue  to  play  a  part, 
and  perhaps  an  increased  one,  in  relieving  distress  abroad.  I  am  confident 
that  our  nation  will  want  to  do  whatever  is  possible  to  fulfil  such  international 
obligations. 

I  close  by  extending  to  the  workers  and  to  the  employers  of  Canada  the 
best  wishes  of  the  Federal  Government  for  their  productive  co-operation  and 
happiness  in  1954. 


Percy  R.  Bengough,  President,  The  Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada 

It  is  again  my  privilege  to  extend  warm  fraternal  greetings  on  behalf  of 
The  Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada  to  all  officers  and  members  of 
affiliated  organizations  in  every  part  of  Canada.  The  year  now  closing  has 
had  its  share  of  difficulties;  but  there  have  also  been  gains  and  in  the  main 
it  has  been  a  year  of  progress. 


1758 


The  affiliated  membership  of  the  Congress 
has  continued  to  grow  until  now  it  stands 
at  nearly  six  hundred  thousand.  The 
Canadian  economy  has  also  continued  to 
expand.  Further  improvements  in  earn- 
ings and  working  conditions  have  been 
achieved  by  many  groups  of  our  affiliated 
members.  Industrial  disputes  have  been 
at  a  minimum  and  in  the  main  amicably 
settled. 

On  the  other  hand,  there  have  been  the 
dark   spots.     Rumblings    of    trouble    could 
be   heard   by   some   of   our   members   early 
in  the  year.     And  for  many  these  troubles 
are  increasing  rather  than  lessening  as  the 
year  ends  and  a  new  year  dawns.     Unem- 
ployment and  underemployment  are  already  serious  in  some  industries  and 
are    on    the    increase    throughout    the    whole    of    Canada.      Those    normally 
employed  in  textiles,  railways,  aircraft  plants  and  the  rubber  industry  have 
felt  the  cruelty  of  lay-offs  most. 

The  Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada  placed  its  annual  Memo- 
randum before  the  Government  of  Canada  on  December  2.  At  that  time 
these  unfortunate  conditions  and  the  hardships  being  suffered  by  our  affiliated 
members  were  drawn  to  the  Government's  attention.  It  was  stressed  that 
never  before  in  Canadian  history  had  unemployment  been  so  high  at  this  time 
of  year  as  it  is  now,  and  this  despite  the  good  weather  which  has  prevailed 
throughout  Canada  during  the  autumn  and  early  winter  months. 

The  Congress  urged  the  Government  to  inaugurate  public  works  projects 
wherever  possible  to  provide  employment.  The  Government  was  also  asked 
to  do  everything  possible  to  encourage  the  re-employment  of  our  members 
in  their  respective  industries.  This  Congress  will  continue  to  press  for  action 
on  these  matters  until  unemployment  and  underemployment  conditions  are 
cleared  up  and  our  affiliated  members  are  back  at  work. 

One  thing  we  can  be  thankful  for  in  this  situation  is  that  we  have  a  sound 
and  effective  unemployment  insurance  scheme  covering  many  millions  of 
workers  throughout  Canada.  Benefit  rates  should  be  adjusted  to  bring  them 
into  line  with  current  earnings,  the  number  of  waiting  days  could  be  reduced, 
and  many  more  workers  could  be  brought  under  the  Act.  These  are  improve- 
ments which  the  Congress  has  asked  for. 

Of  particular  importance  is  the  need  for  an  extension  of  the  Unemploy- 
ment Insurance  Act  to  provide  for  the  payment  of  benefits  to  insured  workers 
who  are  forced  to  quit  work  on  account  of  illness.  In  making  this  request, 
the  Congress  has  always  stressed  with  the  Government  that  what  is  desired  in 
such  an  extension  of  the  Act  is  that  loss  of  income  due  to  unemployment  as 
a  result  of  sickness  be  compensated  for  in  the  same  way  as  loss  of  income  due 
to  unemployment  due  to  lay-off  is  now  compensated  for  by  the  payment  of 
benefits  under  the  present  Act. 

Loss  of  income  through  enforced  idleness  is  always  serious  for  the  worker 
and  his  family  irrespective  of  the  cause.  In  fact,  the  hardship  created  for  the 
family  is  even  greater  in  most  cases  where  illness  and  the  financial  burdens  it 
involves  are  added  to  the  loss  of  income. 

There  are  neither  financial  nor  legal  obstacles  to  such  an  extension  of  the 
Act.  This  being  the  case,  this  Congress  will  continue  to  press  with  all  possible 
vigor  for  such  an  extension  of  the  Act. 

Much  more  is  necessary,  of  course,  than  the  maintenance  of  income  during 
a  period  of  illness.  There  are  the  doctor's  bills  to  be  paid;  in  many  cases  a 
hospital  bill;  drugs  and  medicines  must  be  bought  and  now  at  exorbitant 
prices;  and  in  some  cases  other  expensive  services  are  required  and  must  be 
paid  for.  The  cost  of  being  sick  is  definitely  much  too  great  for  the  worker 
and  his  family.  Illness  when  it  strikes  is  too  often  a  real  calamity  for  most 
families. 

The  Trades  and  Labour  Congress  of  Canada  is  convinced  that  a  national 
scheme  of  health  insurance  is  the  only  way  in  which  the  financial  burden  of 
illness  can  be  met  successfully  by  our  affiliated  members  and  by  most  Cana- 


1759 


dian  families.  When  this  Congress  met  the  Cabinet  on  December  2  we 
repeated  our  request  for  the  inauguration  of  such  a  scheme.  The  Government 
was  asked  to  proceed  with  the  establishment  of  a  Parliamentary  Committee 
which  could  study  the  proposition  and  hear  the  views  of  interested  persons 
and  organizations  such  as  this  Congress. 

The  Prime  Minister  turned  this  request  down  with  the  suggestion  that  all 
of  the  provinces  would  have  to  agree  to  co-operate  in  such  a  scheme  before 
the  federal  Government  could  proceed.  In  this  connection  it  is  worth  remem- 
bering that  a  former  Canadian  Government  did  proceed  with  social  legislation 
without  the  prior  agreement  of  the  provinces.  Over  twenty-five  years  ago  the 
federal  Parliament  passed  legislation  to  provide  for  old  age  pensions  and,  in 
effect,  said  to  the  provinces :  if  you  want  to  provide  old  age  pensions  you  may 
obtain  half  of  the  cost  up  to  a  fixed  maximum  from  the  federal  Government. 
The  provinces  did  that.  It  would  seem  today  that  our  Government  of  Canada 
could  again  give  the  lead  to  the  provinces  in  the  matter  of  health  insurance 
with  great  advantage  to  everyone.  This  Congress  will  continue  to  try  to 
convince  our  Government  to  do  so. 

Faced  as  we  are  with  serious  unemployment  and  underemployment  diffi- 
culties and  with  great  unfulfilled  needs  of  broader  measures  of  social  security, 
but  with  the  certain  knowledge  of  our  growing  strength  in  affiliated  member- 
ship and  of  our  increasing  effectiveness  and  influence  as  the  Greatest  Canadian 
Family,  I  am  pleased  to  have  this  opportunity  of  wishing  all  of  our  affiliated 
membership  a  Merry  Christmas  and  further  progress  towards  economic  and 
social  security  in  the  coming  year. 


A.  R.  Mosher,  President,  The  Canadian  Congress  of  Labour 

As  Canadians  look  forward  to  the  New 
Year,    they    are    naturally    concerned   with 
the  economic  outlook.     There  is  in  every- 
one's   mind    an    undertone    of    uncertainty 
with    regard    to    both    national    and    inter- 
national affairs.    A  Jarge  proportion  of  our 
national     income     is     being     devoted     to 
expenditures   on   defence   for  a  war  which 
everyone  devoutly  hopes  will  never  occur, 
but  for  which   apparently  we   must   make 
as  adequate  preparations  as  possible.     We 
also    realize    that    our    national    economy 
has    been    built    to    a    considerable    extent 
upon  trade  with  other  countries,  and  that 
this  leaves  us  dependent  upon  the  economic 
conditions  in  those  countries.    Their  ability 
to    buy    from    us    is    in    a    large    measure 
governed    by    their    ability    to    sell    in    the    Canadian    or    other    markets. 
This  whole  matter  of  international  trade  is  one  which  we  have  not  yet 
learned  to  handle  in  an  effective  and  satisfactory  manner.    It  is  very  simple 
in  theory  to  take  the  position  that  each  nation  should  produce  only  what  it 
can  produce  most  efficiently,  and  at  the  lowest  cost,  and  that,  if  this  were  done, 
each  would  trade  with  the  other  on  a  basis  of  mutual  need.    Unfortunately, 
the  situation  is  complicated  by  many  factors,  and  it  has  proven  to  be  extremely 
difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  find  a  basis  of  exchange  which  is  generally  accept- 
able.   We  are  required,  on  the  one  hand,  to  compete  in  world  markets  with 
countries  whose  standard  of  living  is  far  lower  than  our  own,  and  are  also 
faced  with  the  competition  of  cheaply-made  goods  which  lessen  the  opportuni- 
ties for  employment  of  Canadian  workers. 

It  would,  however,  seem  to  me  to  be  desirable  that  we  should  endeavour 
to  build  up  the  home  market  as  much  as  possible,  and  thus  provide  employ- 
ment and  constantly  improving  living  standards  for  our  people.  There  is  still 
a  vast  gulf  between  the  average  standard  of  living  in  Canada  and  that  which 
could  be  realized  if  we  utilized  our  resources  and  our  skills  effectively.    We 


1760 


have  made  notable  economic  progress  as  a  nation,  but  we  have  still  a  long 
way  to  go  before  we  can  be  satisfied  that  the  standards  we  have  reached  are 
the  highest  attainable. 

At  the  same  time,  Canadians  are  becoming  better  informed  with  regard 
to  conditions  in  other  parts  of  the  world,  and  they  are  aware  that  many 
countries  with  large  populations  are  economically  undeveloped.  These  coun- 
tries deserve  all  the  assistance  we  can  give  them,  not  only  on  humanitarian 
grounds,  but  because  we  are  convinced  that,  if  the  free  nations  of  the  world 
show  that  they  are  capable  not  only  of  providing  for  the  needs  of  their  own 
people,  but  also  of  giving  leadership  and  assistance  to  the  under-developed 
nations,  this  will  prove  to  be  the  most  effective  means  of  combating  the 
unscrupulous  political  philosophy  of  Communism.  This  has  already  been 
embraced  voluntarily  or  forcibly  by  a  majority  of  the  world's  population,  in 
countries  where  the  average  life  expectancy  is  less  than  half  of  ours,  and 
hundreds  of  millions  of  people  go  to  bed  hungry  every  night. 

In  circumstances  such  as  these,  with  our  own  needs  and  those  of  the  world 
in  general  so  great,  there  ought  to  be  no  room  even  for  thinking  of  an 
economic  depression.  We  know,  of  course,  that  as  a  result  of  some  of  the 
conditions  to  which  I  have  referred,  some  Canadian  industries,  notably  textiles 
and  agricultural  implements,  are  faced  with  serious  unemployment  problems, 
due  to  a  lowered  demand  on  the  part  of  consumers  for  their  products.  The 
coal-mining  industry  is  another  in  which  unemployment  has  been  increasing  to 
a  critical  extent,  and  the  wheat  situation,  which  is  a  large  factor  in  the 
prosperity  of  Western  Canada,  is  also  far  from  satisfactory. 

However,  I  believe  that  we  may  look  forward  to  the  New  Year  with 
optimism,  tempered  by  an  intelligent  study  and  understanding  of  both  the 
domestic  and  the  international  aspects  of  the  trade-picture.  Canada  has 
become  one  of  the  great  industrial  nations  of  the  world,  and,  even  so  far  as 
the  immediate  future  is  concerned,  there  is  no  reason  for  undue  apprehension. 
There  is  widespread  agreement  that  the  long-range  future  for  Canada  is 
extremely  bright,  and  I  believe  that  our  people  have  the  ability  to  meet  any 
situation  and  solve  any  problem  which  they  may  have  to  face.  I  am  quite 
sure  that  the  organized  workers  of  Canada  who.  are  represented  by  the  Cana- 
dian Congress  of  Labour  will  co-operate  fully  with  their  fellow-citizens  in  every 
endeavour  which  may  be  made  to  maintain  the  well-being  of  the  nation  and 
of  the  Canadian  people,  and  at  the  same  time  enable  Canada  to  play  her  full 
part  in  joint  efforts  to  make  the  world  a  better  place  in  which  to  work  and  live. 


Gerard  Picard,  General  President,  Canadian  and  Catholic  Confederation  of  Labour 


Every  time  the  spectre  of  unemployment 
appears,  the  workers  are  concerned,  and 
rightly  so.  At  the  present  time,  even  if  we 
have  not  yet  plunged  into  another  crisis,  we 
are  able  to  note  quite  a  marked  slowing- 
down  of  economic  activity  and  a  return  to 
unemployment  in  a  number  of  industries. 

Is  it  impossible,  then,  under  a  capitalist 
system,  to  get  away  from  these  alternating 
periodic  cycles:  war  and  prosperity,  peace 
and  economic  depression?  The  workers 
remember,  however,  that  the  government 
authorities,  towards  the  end  of  the  Second 
World  War,  gave  them  distinct  and 
repeated     promises     of     something     quite 

different 

Unemployment  means  total  insecurity  for  the  working  class.  In  order  to 
combat  this  insecurity,  the  workers  have  succeeded  in  organizing  themselves 
into  professional  syndicates  and  carrying  on  the  struggle. 

But  let  us  not  indulge  in  illusions.  The  future  will  require  a  more  com- 
plete organization  of  the  workers,  just  as  much  vigilance  and  more  active  and 
manifest  solidarity. 


1761 


Let  us  therefore  be  constantly  on  the  alert.  And  let  us  show  real 
solidarity  under  all  circumstances. 

On  the  occasion  of  the  New  Year,  I  extend  my  best  wishes  to  the  civil 
and  religious  authorities,  to  the  officers  and  members  of  our  syndicates,  and 
to  all  working  people. 

J.  L  D.  Ives,  Chairman,  Dominion  Joint  Legislative  Committee,  Railway  Brotherhoods 

The  Dominion  Joint  Legislative  Com- 
mittee of  the  Railway  Transportation 
Brotherhoods,  composed  of  Grand  Officers 
of  the  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Engi- 
neers, Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Firemen 
and  Enginemen,  the  Order  of  Railway 
Conductors,  the  Brotherhood  of  Railroad 
Trainmen,  the  Order  of  Railroad  Teleg- 
raphers, the  Brotherhood  of  Maintenance 
of  Way  Employees  and  Division  No.  4, 
Railway  Employees'  Department,  welcomes 
this  opportunity  to  extend  to  our  members 
and  people  of  Canada  greetings  and  the 
sincere  wish  for  continued  prosperity  and 
expanding  economy  during  the  coming  year. 
The  year  1953  witnessed  the  crowning 
of  Queen  Elizabeth  as  the  sovereign  of  the 
British  Commonwealth  of  Nations  and  was  an  event  of  international  impor- 
tance. The  spontaneous  reaction  of  British  subjects  throughout  the  world  is 
indicative  that  the  Crown  continues  to  be  the  bond  which  binds  the  Empire 
together  in  one  great  Commonwealth  of  Nations. 

While  the  suspension  of  the  Korean  war  has  permitted  the  return  of  some 
of  our  armed  forces  to  Canada  the  continued  cold  war  has  resulted  in 
increasing  our  commitments  in  Europe,  the  expenditure  of  a  large  part  of  our 
national  income  in  the  production  of  war  materials  and  in  the  maintenance  of 
our  armed  forces  in  foreign  lands.  If  the  international  differences  which  make 
these  expenditures  necessary  can  be  resolved  and  the  funds  now  being  spent 
in  war  preparations  used  to  advantage  in  Canada  we  could  look  forward  to  a 
continuous  rise  in  our  standard  of  living. 

The  housing  shortage  problem  in  Canada  is  still  acute  and  should  be 
considered  as  a  national  emergency  and  appropriate  steps  taken  by  the 
Government  to  definitely  relieve  the  situation.  The  National  Housing  Act  as 
presently  administered  is  of  little  or  no  assistance  to  those  in  the  lower  income 
brackets.  Representations  with  respect  to  this  situation  have  been  made  to 
the  Government. 

During  the  past  year  further  advances  have  been  made  in  the  field  of 
railway  transportation.  A  number  of  short  lines  have  been  completely  diesel- 
ized  and  dieselization  of  the  major  railways  is  being  steadily  progressed.  The 
growth  of  air  travel  has  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  air  lines  by  both  the 
major  railways.  This  service  has  been  extended  to  include  trans-Pacific  planes 
of  the  latest  type  and  regular  scheduled  service  to  South  America. 

The  trend  toward  dieselization  of  the  railways  and  travel  by  air  is  having 
its  effect  on  railway  employment.  This  development  is  being  carefully 
watched  with  a  view  of  taking  appropriate  action  to  protect  the  interests  of 
those  concerned. 

Canada,  during  the  past  year,  has  produced  one  of  the  largest  grain  crops 
on  record  and  is  presently  faced  with  the  problem  of  disposing  of  it  in  the 
world's  markets  during  a  period  of  falling  prices  and  restricted  convertability 
of  currency.  Most  of  this  grain  is  still  in  storage.  Its  movement  to  the 
Lakehead  and  tidewater  should  provide  increased  employment  during  the 
coming  year. 

The  establishment  of  new  industries  in  Canada,  the  development  of  oil 
resources  in  the  Prairie  Provinces  and  power  developments  in  Ontario,  Quebec 
and  British  Columbia  would  indicate  that  the  industrialization  of  the  country 

1762 


is  proceeding  at  a  very  satisfactory  rate  and  that  we  should  enjoy  a  period  of 
unusual  prosperity.  However,  we  should  all  realize  that  in  order  to  maintain 
prosperity  the  buying  power  of  the  people  must  keep  pace  with  the  increasing 
production  and  that  world  markets  must  be  secured  for  our  surplus  products. 
We  approach  the  coming  year  with  a  spirit  of  courage  and  optimism  and 
with  confidence  that  the  problems  confronting  us  can  be  successfully  met  and 
resolved. 


On  the  U.S.  Labour  Scene 


Increased  Hourly  Earnings  Offset  Reduction  in  Work-Week 


Weekly  earnings  of  factory  workers  in  the 
United  States  have  stayed  close  to  record 
levels  even  though  the  amount  of  over- 
time work  has  declined  in  recent  months, 
the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,  U.S.  Depart- 
ment of  Labor,  has  reported.  Increased 
hourly  earnings  almost  entirely  offset  a 
reduction  in  weekly  hours. 

Factory  production  workers  earned  an 
average  of  $71.73  a  week  in  mid-October, 
according  to  preliminary  estimates.  This 
was  20  cents  below  the  March  average, 
which,  except  for  the  seasonal  peak  reached 
in  December  1952,  was  an  all-time  high.  It 
was  $1.35  higher  than  the  average  in 
October  last  year,  however. 

This  year-to-year  increase  took  place 
despite  a  decrease  of  about  one  hour  in 
the  average  work-week  from  last  October. 
The  increase  in  weekly  earnings  resulted 
from  a  rise  in  hourly  pay. 

At  $1.78,  gross  hourly  earnings  this 
October  were  8  cents  higher  than,  a  year 
earlier. 

The  work-week  of  factory  production 
workers  averaged  40-3  hours  in  mid- 
October,  almost  half  an  hour  higher  than  in 
mid-September,  when  Labour  Day  shut- 
downs reduced  the  average. 

Average  hourly  earnings  remained  un- 
changed over  the  month  but  average  weekly 
wages  rose  by  71  cents  because  of  the  longer 
work-week. 

Contrasting  with  the  increase  that 
usually  occurs  at  this  time  of  year,  hours 
declined  slightly  between  August  and 
October.  As  a  result,  the  October  work- 
week was  slightly  below  the  post-war 
average  for  the  month. 

However,  the  October  figures  show  that 
average  work-weeks  in  nearly  all  industry 
groups  were  more  than  40  hours,  indicating 
that  overtime  was  still  widespread,  although 
less    prevalent    than    earlier    in    the    year. 

Between  August  and  October,  a  number 
of  industry  groups  reported  less-than-usual 
increases  in  hours,  contra-seasonal  declines 
or     greater-than-usual     reductions.       These 


81725—4 


were:  furniture,  primary  and  fabricated 
metals,  electrical  machinery,  textiles,  paper, 
petroleum,  leather,  miscellaneous  manufac- 
turing and  stone,  clay  and  glass  products. 

Compared  with  year-ago  levels,  the  work- 
week this  October  was  down  most  sharply 
in  the  furniture,  transportation  equipment, 
instruments,  textiles,  paper,  leather  and 
miscellaneous  manufacturing  industry 
groups.  Decreases  exceeded  one  hour  in  all 
of  these  groups  and  were  more  than  two 
hours  in  transportation  equipment,  textiles 
and  leather.  On  the  other  hand,  average 
hours  were  close  to  year-ago  levels  in  food, 
tobacco,  printing  and  publishing,  chemicals 
and  petroleum  products. 

Most  industry  groups  reported  gains  in 
weekly  earnings  over  the  year.  Reductions 
occurred,  however,  in  textiles,  leather  and 
transportation  equipment.  In  lumber  and 
apparel,  weekly  wages  showed  little  net 
change.  The  largest  relative  increases, 
ranging  from  4  to  7  per  cent,  were  reported 
in  food,  chemicals,  printing  and  publishing, 
tobacco,  machinery,  electrical  machinery 
and  stone,  clay  and  glass  products. 

1952  Injury  Rate  Lowest  in  History 

Injury  rates  in  manufacturing  and  in  most 
non-manufacturing  industries  in  the  United 
States  were  lower  in  1952  than  in  the 
previous  year,  according  to  final  summaries 
prepared  by  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics, 
U.S.  Department  of  Labor. 

The  manufacturing  rate  of  14-3  injuries 
for  each  million  man-hours  worked  was  8 
per  cent  below  the  1951  average  of  15-5. 
This  decrease  was  less  than  indicated  by 
preliminary  reports  yet  the  rate  was  the 
lowest  in  the  Bureau's  27-year  injury-rate 
series. 

About  one-half  of  the  non-manufacturing 
classifications  for  which  data  were  compiled 
by  the  Bureau  showed  decreases  of  one  full 
frequency-rate  point  or  more  between  1951 
and  1952.  For  27  of  the  49  classifications, 
the  decrease  in  injury-frequency  rate 
amounted  to  5  per  cent  or  more. 

1763 


International 
Labour   Organization 


ILO  Building,  Civil  Engineering  and 
Public  Works  Committee,  4th  Session 

Conclusions  reached  on  guaranteed  wages  and  increased  productivity 
in  the  construction  industry.     Delegates  and   advisers   numbered    170 


Conclusions  concerning  guaranteed  wages 
and  increased  productivity  in  the  construc- 
tion industry  were  reached  by  the  Building, 
Civil  Engineering  and  Public  Works  Com- 
mittee of  the  International  Labour  Organ- 
ization at  its  fourth  session,  held  in 
Geneva  October  26  to  November  7.  Six 
Canadians  were  present  (see  photograph). 

Representatives  of  governments,  con- 
struction workers  and  employers  from  24 
countries  attended  the  meeting,  which  was 
under  the  chairmanship  of  Max  Kaufmann, 
Swiss  Government  representative  on  the 
ILO's  Governing  Body.  Delegates  and 
technical  advisers  numbered  170. 

The  conclusions  of  the  Committee, 
arrived  at,  in  most  cases,  by  a  large 
majority,  will  be  transmitted  to  the 
Governing  Body  for  action. 

The  Committee  held  that  "it  would  be 
an  advantage  to  take  appropriate  measures, 
in  each  country  where  this  has  not  yet 
been  done,  to  ensure  that  workers  in  the 
construction  industry  are  protected  from 
the  consequences  of  instability  of  employ- 
ment." 

It  noted  that  the  construction  industry 
continues  to  hold  a  key  position  in  the 
life  of  each  country,  that  in  certain  coun- 
tries a  guaranteed  wage  scheme  is  part  of 
the  efforts  made  to  secure  a  more  stable 
income  for  construction  workers,  and  that 
in  a  few  of  these  countries  a  guarantee 
having  effect  over  a  period  of  one  week 
or  more  is  now  in  operation.  The  Com- 
mittee also  found  that  a  guarantee  is 
unnecessary  in  countries  where  the  wage 
level  is  high  enough  to  provide  an  adequate 
yearly  income. 

The  Committee  defined  a  guaranteed 
wage  scheme  as  "an  arrangement  whereby 
(subject,  it  may  be,  to  certain  limitations 
and  conditions)  employers  individually  and 
collectively  undertake  in  advance,  or  are 
required  by  law  or  regulation,  either: 
(a)  to  provide  for  workers  in  their  employ- 
ment a  specified  period  of  work  at  ordinary 
rates  of  pay;  or  (b)  to  pay  to  such  workers 


a  minimum  sum  during  this  specified  period 
if,  the  workers  being  available,  neither 
their  customary  work  nor  reasonable  alter- 
native work  can  be  provided  for  the  whole 
of  this  period." 

The  Committee  stressed  that: — 

The  guarantee  should  apply  only  to 
temporary  stoppages  of  work  in  hand, 
which  are  involuntary  on  the  part  of  the 
workers  and  are  due  to  inclement  weather, 
plant  breakdowns  or  circumstances  within 
the  control  of  employers. 

The  introduction  and  application  of  a 
guaranteed  wage  scheme  in  any  country 
must  above  all  take  account  of  the  social 
conditions  already  existing  in  that  country. 
Social  security  provisions  should  not  be 
duplicated. 

Once  a  guarantee,  which  should  cover 
a  reasonable  period,  has  begun  to  operate, 
a  worker's  contract  of  employment  should 
not  be  terminated  before  the  expiry  of  the 
period  of  guarantee  as  prescribed  in 
national  regulations  or  collective  agree- 
ments. 

In  case  of  a  temporary  stoppage,  the 
worker  cannot  refuse  to  accept  an  alter- 
native temporary  job  at  his  normal  rate 
of  pay,  even  if  it  fails  to  come  fully  up 
to  his  qualifications  or  speciality  or  if  it 
involves  his  transfer  to  another  site. 

For  the  discussion  on  guaranteed  wages 
the  ILO  had  submitted  to  the  Committee 
a  report  of  a  preliminary  study  that  showed 
how  conditions  differ  from  one  branch  of 
the  industry  to  another  and  from  one 
country  to  another. 

"For  this  reason,"  the  report  said, 
"employers'  and  workers'  representatives 
from  different  branches  of  the  industry  and 
from  different  countries  may  have  in  mind 
different  concepts  of  guaranteed  wages. 
Some  may  have  in  mind  a  guaranteed 
week  or  a  guaranteed  month;  others  may 
think  in  terms  of  a  guarantee  for  one 
day  only. 

"The  most  appropriate  role  for  a  guar- 
anteed  wage   in   the   construction   industry 


1764 


Canadian  delegation  to  the  fourth  session  of  the  ILO's  Building,  Civil  Engineering 
and  Public  Works  Committee.  First  row  (left  to  right) :  C.  J.  Woolsey,  Vice- 
president,  International  Union  of  Elevator  Constructors  (AFL-TLC),  workers'  dele- 
gate; J.  Lome  MacDougall,  Industrial  Relations  Officer,  Department  of  Labour, 
government  delegate;  and  Raymond  Brunet,  First  Vice-president,  Canadian  Con- 
struction Association,  employers'  delegate.  Second  row  (left  to  right) :  J.  Arthur 
Lapres,  Canadian  Construction  Association,  employers'  delegate;  Raymond  Ranger, 
Special  Assistant  to  the  Deputy  Minister,  Department  of  Labour,  government  dele- 
gate; and  Rosario  Gosselin,  Vice-president,  National  Catholic  Federation  of 
Building  and   Construction   Material  Trades   of   Canada    (CCCL),   workers'   delegate. 


would,  however,  appear  to  be  that  of  pro- 
viding a  certain  minimum  security  of 
income  to  workers  over  a  limited  period 
of  time  in  cases  where  there  are  temporary- 
stoppages,  not  of  long  duration,  due  to 
such  causes  as  bad  weather,  power  failure, 
or  breakdown  of  equipment." 

Productivity 

The  Committee's  conclusions  on  the 
question  of  productivity  included  the 
following: — 

Workers  in  the  construction  industry 
should  receive  a  fair  share  of  any  benefits 
resulting  from  increased  productivity  in 
the  industry  and  should  participate  in  any 
benefits  resulting  from  increased  produc- 
tivity on  the  sites  on  which  they  are 
engaged. 


The  importance  of  productivity  at  all 
levels  of  the  construction  industry  should 
be  constantly  brought  out  in  the  voca- 
tional training  of  engineers,  architects, 
technicians,  contractors,  foremen  and  con- 
struction workers. 

Consideration  should  be  given  to  the 
possibility  of  retraining  in  new  trades  of 
any  workers  who  may  be  affected  by 
technological  unemployment. 

The  mechanization  of  construction  work 
should  be  proceeded  with  judiciously, 
taking  into  account  the  economic  circum- 
stances of  the  different  countries,  and  with 
due  safeguards  to  ensure  that  it  does  not 
result  in  an  increase  in  unemployment. 

Due  regard  should  be  had  to  the  need 
to  avoid  any  adverse  effects  of  excessive 
simplification  of  operations  on  the  skills  of 
workers  in  the  industry. 


81725— 4i 


1765 


Steps  to  create  and  develop  a  satis- 
factory psychological  "climate"  on  con- 
struction sites  should  be  based  on  mutual 
goodwill  and  should  include  'joint  consul- 
tation, collaboration,  information  and 
propaganda. 

Considering  the  serious  situation  which 
exists  in  some  countries  in  relation  to  the 
recruitment  of  young  workers  into  the 
industry  and  the  possible  effects  of  this 
situation  on  the  construction  labour  force 
as  a  whole,  the  Committee  called  the 
attention  of  governments,  employers  and 
workers  to  the  importance  of  ensuring  that 
such  recruitment  is  sufficiently  great  to 
ensure  that  the  numerical  strength  of  the 
labour  force  is  brought  to  and  maintained 
at  a  satisfactory  level  in  relation  to  the 
needs  of  the  industry. 

The  Committee  asked  that  its  suggestions 
on  the  role  that  engineers  and  architects 
could  play  in  increasing  productivity  should 
be  brought  to  their  attention. 

It  said  that  closer  contacts  between 
architects  and  engineers  on  the  one  hand, 
and  employers  and  workers  on  the  other, 
is  to  be  desired  with  a  view  to  improving 
human  relations  and  productivity  in  the 
industry.  In  particular,  site  briefing  meet- 
ings should  be  encouraged.  It  suggested 
also  that  welfare  facilities  to  be  provided 
for  workers  on  construction  sites  should  be 
specified  in  the  contract  documents. 

The  Committee  stressed  the  importance 
of  research  in  the  industry  as  well  as  the 
need  for  bringing  the  results  of  such 
research  to  the  knowledge  of  all  persons 
in  the  industry. 

For  the  discussion  on  productivity,  the 
Committee  had  a  report  prepared  by  the 
ILO.  Based  on  a  survey  of  developments 
in  the  construction  industry  in  various 
countries  in  the  past  two  years,  the  report 
showed  that: — 

Activity  in  the  industry  has  attained  a 
high  level  in  most  countries. 

In  many  countries,  building  is  handi- 
capped by  a  severe  lack  of  skilled  workers; 
recruitment  is  insufficient  because  young 
workers  often  show  a  preference  for  the 
working  conditions  offered  in  other 
industries. 

Wages  of  construction  workers  have 
risen  in  almost  all  countries. 

Paid  holiday  periods  have  become  longer; 
in  determining  the  length  of  the  holiday, 
seniority  is  more  frequently  taken  into 
consideration. 


The  cost  of  building  materials  has  in- 
creased except  in  Canada,  Iran,  Lebanon 
and  the  United  States. 

The  report  declared  that  because  of 
higher  building  costs  it  was  essential  to 
increase  productivity  in  the  industry.  The 
need  for  improvement  is  acute,  the  report 
emphasized,  because  "on  the  speed  and 
efficiency  with  which  the  industry  can 
meet  the  world-wide  demands  for  its 
products  may  depend  the  future  of  social 
progress  and  world  peace". 

Other  Recommendations 

In  addition  to  recommendations  on  the 
two  main  items  on  its  agenda,  the  Com- 
mittee also  approved  a  number  of  resolu- 
tions urging,  among  other  things,  that  the 
International  Labour  Office  should: — 

Continue  its  efforts  on  the  international 
plane  for  the  fulfilment  of  an  earlier 
resolution  of  the  Committee  urging  the 
establishment  of  an  international  institute 
for  building   loans; 

Undertake  a  study  on  safety  in  the 
industry. 

In  a  resolution  on  "the  policy  of  full 
employment  as  related  to  national  housing 
programs,"  the  Committee  asked  the 
Governing  Body  to  suggest  to  governments 
that  special  attention  be  given  to  the  con- 
struction of  housing,  particularly  in 
underdeveloped  countries,  and  that  the 
ILO  should  increase  its  collaboration  with 
other  international  organizations  in  this 
field. 

Next  Session's  Agenda 

The  Committee  asked  the  Governing 
Body  to  consider  the  following  items  for 
the  agenda  on  the  next  session  of  the 
Committee: — 

1.  Protection  of  the  conditions  of 
employment  and  living  conditions  of  young 
workers  in  the  construction  industry; 

2.  Prevention  of  industrial  accidents  in 
the  construction  industry; 

3.  Reduction  of  hours  of  work  in  the 
construction  industry; 

4.  Practical  measures  for  securing  and 
maintaining  full  employment  in  the 
construction  industry. 


1766 


"wTTL 


TEAMWORK 
in  INDUSTRY 


Employees  at  the  Eagle  Pencil  Company 
in  Drummondville,  Que.,  have  recently 
finished  a  new  13-unit  garage  for  their  cars. 
The  idea  of  a  garage  was  first  discussed 
in  an  LMPC  meeting  but  management  had 
no  provision  in  the  budget  for  such  an 
improvement.  It  was  suggested  that  the 
garage  could  be  built  by  the  employees 
themselves  in  off  hours  from  scrap  lumber. 
The  company  agreed  and  also  provided  a 
small  supply  of  erection  timber,  paint  and 
the  necessary  land.  There  is  a  possibility 
that  the  garage  will  be  enlarged  next  year. 

Paul  Normandeau,  plant  manager,  has 
praised  the  work  of  this  LMPC  and  the 
fine  spirit  of  employee-employer  co-opera- 
tion it  has  produced.  Speaking  for  the 
company,  Mr.  Normandeau  said: — 

"We  most  sincerely  believe  that  the 
LMPC  is  doing  useful  work,  and  we  are 
convinced  that  the  work  of  this  group  will 
bring  us  still  more  benefit  in  future  than 
it  has  so  far,  since  living,  active  co- 
operation, which  is  so  difficult  to  attain 
normally,  is  being  realized  within  this 
committee. 

"The  President  of  the  employees'  union 
(the  National  Syndicate  of  Pencil  Workers 
of  Drummondville,  CCCL),  Mr.  Roger 
Beaudoin,  shares  my  enthusiasm  for  the 
Labour-Management  Committee. 

"Numerous  suggestions  have  reached  us 
from  the  committee,  and  management  has 
accepted  a  number  of  them  immediately. 
The  most  striking  example  we  can  give  of 
the  spirit  engendered  by  the  committee  is 
that  of  the  shelter  for  automobiles  which 
our  employees  built  during  their  spare  time. 
This  shelter  is  our  pride  and  the  envy  of 
our  colleagues  in  the  other  factories  at 
Drummondville." 

*        *        * 

The  Works  Council  (i.e.,  LMPC)  at  the 
Mint  in  Birmingham,  England,  has  found 
a  valuable  aid  to  help  check  operational 
trends  and  to  point  up  the  need  for  an 
examination  of  factors  causing  changes  in 
productivity  when  these  are  not  obvious. 
Each  month,  productivity  ratios  for  the 
different  departments,  and  for  the  mint  as 
a  whole,  are  reported  in  the  Council 
minutes.    It  has  been  found  that  publishing 


these  ratios  has  encouraged  a  greater  sense 
of  participation  in  •  the  undertaking.  A 
greater  interest  in  efficiency  in  the  use  of 
labour,  materials,  and  equipment  by  the 
employees  has  also  become  evident. 

*  *        * 

A  letter  of  commendation  for  a  material- 
saving  suggestion  has  been  sent  to  an 
employee  and  his  Divisional  LMPC  at  the 
Sir  Adam  Beck  Hydro  project  in  Niagara 
Falls. 

Niagara  News,  weekly  publication  on  the 
project,  reports  as  follows: — 

"The  Project  Manager  was  joined  by  the 
Central  Committee  in  sending  a  commen- 
dation to  the  Mechanical  LMPC  for  their 
investigations  leading  to  useful  disposal  of 
used  Euclid  oil.  Credit  for  the  original 
suggestion  that  some  use  could  be  found 
for  this  oil  goes  to  Dave  Liness. 

"Acting  on  this  suggestion,  the  Mechanical 
LMPC  tested  and  found  that  the  other- 
wise wasted  oil  could  be  used  for  fuel  in 
the  various  project  Boiler  Houses.  Un- 
doubtedly, a  substantial  saving  will  be  the 
result  of  this  good  work  and  thinking  on 
the  part  of  the  Mechanical  LMPC." 

Recently,  several  employees  of  the  Power 
House  Division  and  the  divisional  LMPC 
were  commended  for  their  work  in  develop- 
ing the  use  of  double-headed  nails  on 
outside  forms. 

*  *        * 

A  British  company  has  set  up  a  special 
communication  department  to  advise  and 
to  carry  out  research  on  employer-employee 
communication  within  the  company. 

Working  in  co-operation  with  company 
employee  relations  managers,  the  new 
department's  job  is  to  assess  what 
employees  want  and  need  to  know  about 
the  company,  so  that  management  can 
know  and  better  understand  the  reactions 
and  feelings  of  the  employees.  The 
department  will  also  advise  and  assist 
management  as  to  the  best  way  of  further- 
ing the  two-way  exchange   of  information. 

The  company  has  been  experimenting 
with  group  surveys  and  discussions  among 
the  employees. 


Establishment  of  Labour-Management 
Production  Committees  (LMPCs)  is 
encouraged  and  assisted  by  the  Labour- 
Management  Co-operation  Service,  In- 
dustrial Relations  Branch,  Department 
of  Labour.  In  addition  to  field  repre- 
sentatives located  in  key  industrial 
centres,  who  are  available  to  help  both 
managements  and  trade  unions  set  up 
LMPCs,  the  Service  provides  publicity 
aids  in  the  form  of  booklets,  films  and 
posters. 


1767 


Industrial  Relations 
and   Conciliation 


Certification  and  Other  Proceedings  before 

the  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board 


The  Canada  Labour  Relations  Board  met 
for  two  days  during  October.  The  Board 
issued  three  certificates  designating  bargain- 
ing agents,  rejected  three  applications  for 
certification,  and  ordered  five  representation 
votes.  During  the  month,  the  Board 
received  seven  applications  for  certification 
as  bargaining  agent. 

Applications  for  Certification  Granted 

1.  Club  and  Cabaret  and  Construction 
Camp,    Culinary    and    Service    Employees' 


This  section  covers  proceedings  under 
the  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act,  involving  the  admin- 
istrative services  of  the  Minister  of 
Labour,  The  Canada  Labour  Relations 
Board  and  the  Industrial  Relations 
Branch  of  the  Department. 


Union,  Local  740  of  the  Hotel  and  Restau- 
rant Employees'  and  Bartenders'  Interna- 
tional   Union,    on    behalf    of    a    unit    of 


Scope  and  Administration  of  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes  Investigation  Act 


Conciliation  services  under  the  Indus- 
trial Relations  and  Disputes  Investiga- 
tion Act  are  provided  by  the  Minister 
of  Labour  through  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Branch.  The  branch  also  acts  as 
the  administrative  arm  of  the  Canada 
Labour  Relations  Board  in  matters  under 
the  Act  involving  the  board. 

The  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act  came  into  force  on 
September  1,  1948.  It  revoked  the  War- 
time Labour  Relations  Regulations,  B.C. 
1003,  which  became  effective  in  March, 
1944,  and  repealed  the  Industrial  Dis- 
putes Investigation  Act,  which  had  been 
in  force  from  1907  until  superseded  by 
the  Wartime  Regulations  in  1944.  Deci- 
sions, orders  and  certifications  given 
under  the  Wartime  Regulations  by  the 
Minister  of  Labour  and  the  Wartime 
Labour  Relations  Board  are  continued  in 
force    and   effect  by   the   Act. 

The  Act  applies  to  industries  within 
federal  jurisdiction,  i.e.,  navigation,  ship- 
ping, interprovincial  railways,  canals, 
telegraphs,  interprovincial  and  interna- 
tional steamship  lines  and  ferries,  aero- 
dromes and  air  transportation,  radio 
broadcasting  stations  and  works  declared 
by  Parliament  to  be  for  the  general 
advantage  of  Canada  or  two  or  more  of 
its  provinces.  Additionally,  the  Act 
provides  that  provincial  authorities,  if 
they  so  desire,  may  enact  similar  legis- 
lation for  application  to  industries 
within  provincial  jurisdiction  and  make 
mutually  satisfactory  arrangements  with 
the  federal  Government  for  the  admin- 
istration of  such  legislation. 

The  Minister  of  Labour  is  charged  with 
the  administration  of  the  Act  and  is 
directly  responsible  for  the  ^  appointment 
of  conciliation  officers,  conciliation  boards. 
and  Industrial  Inquiry  Commissions  con- 
cerning complaints  that  the  Act  has  been 
violated  or  that  a  party  has  failed  to 
bargain  collectively,  and  for  applications 
for  consent  to  prosecute. 

The  Canada  Labour  Kelations  Board  is 
established  under  the  Act  as  successor  to 


the  Wartime  Labour  Relations  Board  to 
administer  provisions  concerning  the  cer- 
tification of  bargaining  agents,  the  writ- 
ing of  provisions — for  incorporation  into 
collective  agreements — fixing  a  procedure 
for  the  final  settlement  of  disputes  con- 
cerning the  meaning  or  violation  of  such 
agreements  and  the  investigation  of  com- 
plaints referred  to  it  by  the  minister  that 
a  party  has  failed  to  bargain  collectively 
and  to  make  every  reasonable  effort  to 
conclude  a  collective  agreement. 

Copies  of  the  Industrial  Relations  and 
Disputes  Investigation  Act,  the  Regula- 
tions made  under  the  Act,  and  the  Rules 
of  Procedure  of  the  Canada  Labour 
Relations  Board  are  available  upon 
request  to  the  Department  of  Labour, 
Ottawa. 

_  Proceedings  under  the  Industrial  Rela- 
tions and  Disputes  Investigation  Act  are 
reported  below  under  two  headings: 
(1)  Certification  and  other  Proceedings 
before  the  Canada  Labour  Relations 
Board,  and  (2)  Conciliation  and  other 
Proceedings  before  the  Minister  of 
Labour. 

Industrial  Relations  Officers  of  the 
Department  of  Labour  are  stationed  at 
Vancouver.  Winnipeg,  Toronto,  Ottawa, 
Montreal,  Fredericton,  Halifax  and  St. 
John's,  Newfoundland.  The  territory  of 
two  officers  resident  in  Vancouver  com- 
prises British  Columbia.  Alberta  and  the 
Yukon  and  Northwest  Territories;  two 
officers  stationed  in  Winnipeg  cover  the 
provinces  of  Saskatchewan  and  Manitoba 
and  Northwestern  Ontario;  three  officers 
resident  in  Toronto  confine  their  activi- 
ties to  Ontario:  three  officers  in  Mont- 
real are  assigned  to  the  province  of 
Quebec,  and  a  total  of  three  officers 
resident  in  Fredericton,  Halifax  and  St. 
John's  represent  the  Department  in  the 
Maritime  Provinces  and  Newfoundland. 
The  headquarters  of  the  Industrial  Kela- 
tions Branch  and  the  Director  of 
Industrial  Kelations  and  staff  ait-  situated 
in  Ottawa. 


1768 


employees  of  The  Regina  Hotel,  White- 
horse,  Y.T.,  employed  in  the  cocktail 
lounge  and  tavern  (L.G.,  Oct.,  p.  1474). 

2.  National  Association  of  Marine  Engi- 
neers of  Canada,  Inc.,  on  behalf  of  a  unit 
of  marine  engineers  and  ships'  electricians 
employed  by  Canadian  Pacific  Steamships 
Limited  on  the  TEV  Maplecove  and  TEV 
Mapledell  in  the  company's  trans-Pacific 
service  (L.G.,  Nov.,  p.  1627). 

3.  Canadian  Merchant  Service  Guild,  Inc., 
on  behalf  of  a  unit  of  deck  officers 
employed  by  Canadian  Pacific  Steamships 
Limited  on  the  TEV  Maplecove  and  TEV 
Mapledell  in  the  company's  trans-Pacific 
service  (L.G.,  Nov.,  p.  1627). 

Applications  for  Certification  Rejected 

1.  Club  and  Cabaret  and  Construction 
Camp,  Culinary  and  Service  Employees' 
Union,  Local  740  of  the  Hotel  and  Restau- 
rant Employees'  and  Bartenders'  Interna- 
tional Union,  applicant,  and  Whitehorse 
Hotels  Limited,  Whitehorse,  Y.T.,  respon- 
dent (cafe  employees)  (L.G.,  Oct.,  p.  1474). 
The  application  was  rejected  for  the  reason 
that  it  was  not  supported  by  a  majority  of 
the  employees  affected. 

2.  Club  and  Cabaret  and  Construction 
Camp,  Culinary  and  Service  Employees' 
Union,  Local  740  of  the  Hotel  and  Restau- 
rant Employees'  and  Bartenders'  Inter- 
national Union,  applicant,  and  Tourists' 
Services  Limited,  Whitehorse,  Y.T.,  respon- 
dent (cocktail  lounge  employees)  (L.G., 
Oct.,  p.  1474).  The  application  was 
rejected  for  the  reason  that  it  was  not 
supported  by  a  majority  of  the  employees 
affected. 

3.  Club  and  Cabaret  and  Construction 
Camp,  Culinary  and  Service  Employees' 
Union,  Local  740  of  the  Hotel  and  Restau- 
rant Employees'  and  Bartenders'  Inter- 
national Union,  applicant,  and  The 
Canadian  Legion  of  the  British  Empire 
Service  League,  Whitehorse  Branch  (Yukon 
No.  2),  Whitehorse,  Y.T.,  respondent 
(cocktail  lounge  employees)  (L.G.,  Oct., 
p.  1474).  The  application  was  rejected  for 
the  reason  that  bargaining  unit  applied 
for  comprised  only  one  employee  and  thus 
was  not  a  "unit"  within  the  meaning  of 
the  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act. 

Representation  Votes  Ordered 

1.  Brotherhood  of  Railroad  Trainmen, 
applicant,  and  Canadian  National  Rail- 
ways, respondent,  and  Order  of  Railway 
Conductors,  intervener  (L.G.,  June,  p.  872) 
(conductors  and  assistant  conductors, 
Atlantic  and  Central  Regions). 


2.  Brotherhood  of  Railroad  Trainmen, 
applicant,  and  Canadian  National  Railways, 
respondent,  and  Order  of  Railway  Con- 
ductors, intervener  (L.G.,  June,  p.  872) 
(conductors,  Western  Region). 

3.  Mayo  District  Mine,  Mill  and  Smelter 
Workers  Local  Union  No.  924,  Interna- 
tional Union  of  Mine,  Mill  and  Smelter 
Workers,  applicant,  and  Mackeno  Mines 
Limited,  Keno  City,  Y.T.,  respondent 
(L.G.,  Oct.,  p.  1474). 

4.  United  Packinghouse  Workers  of 
America,  Local  396,  applicant,  and  The 
Ogilvie  Flour  Mills  Co.,  Limited,  Edmon- 
ton, Alta.,  respondent  (L.G.,  Nov.,  p.  1627). 

5.  Building  Service  Employees'  Interna- 
tional Union,  Local  298,  applicant,  and 
Canadian  Broadcasting  Corporation,  respon- 
dent, and  Association  of  Radio  and  Tele- 
vision Employees  of  Canada,  intervener 
(building  service  employees,  Radio  Canada 
Building,  Montreal)    (L.G.,  Sept.,  p.  1314). 

Applications  for  Certification  Received 

1.  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Firemen 
and  Enginemen,  on  behalf  of  a  unit  of 
locomotive  engineers  employed  by  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad,  lessee,  on  the 
Canadian  lines  of  the  Michigan  Railroad 
(Investigating  Officer:  R.  L.  O'Neill). 

2.  Canadian  Merchant  Service  Guild,  Inc., 
on  behalf  of  a  unit  of  deck  officers 
employed  on  vessels  operated  by  N.  M. 
Paterson  and  Sons,  Limited,  Fort  William, 
Ont.  (Investigating  Officer:  R.  L.  O'Neill). 

3.  American  Federation  of  Television  and 
Radio  Artists,  on  behalf  of  a  unit  of  radio 
announcers  employed  by  Sarnia  Broad- 
casting Company  Limited,  Sarnia,  Ont. 
(Investigating  Officer:   F.  J.  Ainsborough). 

4.  Mayo  District  Mine,  Mill  and  Smelter 
Workers,  Local  924,  International  Union  of 
Mine,  Mill  and  Smelter  Workers,  on  behalf 
of  a  unit  of  employees  of  United  Keno 
Hill  Mines  Limited,  Elsa,  Y.T.  (Investi- 
gating Officer:  D.  S.  Tysoe). 

5.  International  Longshoremen's  and 
Warehousemen's  Union,  Local  509,  on 
behalf  of  a  unit  of  longshoremen  employed 
in  loading  and  unloading  of  coastwise 
vessels  in  the  Vancouver  area  by  shipping 
companies  represented  by  the  Shipping 
Federation  of  British  Columbia,  including 
the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company 
(B.C.  Coast  Steamship  Service),  Canadian 
National  Steamships,  General  Sea  Trans- 
portation Limited,  Griffiths  Steamship  Co. 
Ltd.,  The  Packers  Steamship  Co.  Ltd., 
Union  Steamships  Ltd.,  and  Frank  Water- 
house  and  Company  of  Canada  Limited 
(Investigating  Officer:  G.  R.  Currie). 

6.  International  Longshoremen's  and 
Warehousemen's     Union,     Local     509,     on 


1769 


behalf  of  a  unit  of  longshoremen  employed 
in  the  loading  and  unloading  of  coastwise 
vessels  in  the  Port  of  Vancouver  by  North- 
land Navigation  Co.  Ltd.  (Investigating 
Officer:   G.  R,  Currie). 


7.  National  Association  of  Broadcast 
Engineers  and  Technicians,  on  behalf  of 
technical  producers  employed  by  Canadian 
Broadcasting  Corporation  (Investigating 
Officer:   F.  J.  Ainsborough). 


Conciliation  and  Other  Proceedings 

before  the  Minister  of  Labour 


Conciliation  Officers  Appointed 

During  October  the  Minister  appointed 
conciliation  officers  to  deal  with  the 
following  disputes: — 

(1)  Vancouver  Barge  Transportation 
Limited  and  International  Longshoremen's 
and  Warehousemen's  Union  (Conciliation 
Officer:  G.  R.  Currie). 

(2)  Shipping  Federation  of  British 
Columbia  (Port  of  Vancouver,  New 
Westminster,  Chemainus  and  Port  Alberni) 
and  International  Longshoremen's  and 
Warehousemen's  Union,  Locals  501,  502,  503 
and  508  (Conciliation  Officer:  G.  R.  Currie). 

(3)  CKOY  Limited,  Ottawa,  and  National 
Association  of  Broadcast  Engineers  and 
Technicians  (Conciliation  Officer:  F.  J. 
Ainsborough) . 

Settlements  Reported  by  Conciliation  Officers 

1.  Colonial  Steamships  Limited,  Port 
Colbourne,  and  Canadian  Merchant  Service 
Guild,  Inc.  (Conciliation  Officer:  F.  J. 
Ainsborough).     (L.G.,  Aug.,  p.  1155.) 

(2)  McCabe  Grain  Company  Limited 
(Seed  Plant),  St.  Boniface,  and  Local  105, 
Malt  and  Grain  Process  Workers,  Inter- 
national Union  of  United  Brewery,  Flour, 
Cereal,  Soft  Drink  and  Distillery  Workers 
of  America  (Conciliation  Officer:  R.  II. 
Hooper).     (L.G.,  Aug.,  p.  1155.) 

(3)  Northern  Telephone  Company, 
Limited,  New  Liskeard,  and  Communica- 
tions Workers  of  America  (Conciliation 
Officer:  F.  J.  Ainsborough).  (L.G.,  Sept., 
p.  1314.) 

Conciliation  Board  Reports  Received 

During  October  the  Minister  received  the 
report  of  the  Board  of  Conciliation  and 
Investigation  established  in  July  to  deal 
with  matters  in  dispute  between  The 
Brookland  Company  Limited  (Radio 
Station  CKWS,  Kingston)  and  National 
Association  of  Broadcast  Engineers  and 
Technicians  (L.G.,  Sept.,  p.  1316.)  Text  of 
the  Board's  report  is  reproduced  below. 


During  the  same  month  the  Minister 
received  the  report  of  the  Board  of  Con- 
ciliation and  Investigation  established  in 
July  to  deal  with  matters  in  dispute 
between  the  Brookland  Company  Limited 
(Radio  Station  CHEX,  Peterborough)  and 
National  Association  of  Broadcast  Engi- 
neers and  Technicians  (L.G.,  Sept.,  p.  1316). 
Text  of  the  Board's  report  is  reproduced 
below. 

The  Minister  received  also  in  October 
the  report  of  the  Board  of  Conciliation 
and  Investigation  established  in  May  to 
deal  with  matters  in  dispute  between 
Canada  Steamship  Lines,  Limited;  Colonial 
Steamships,  Limited;  N.  M.  Paterson  & 
Sons,  Limited;  Upper  Lakes  and  St. 
Lawrence  Transportation  Company 
Limited;  and  National  Association  of 
Marine  Engineers  of  Canada  Inc.  (L.G., 
July,  p.  1022).  Text  of  the  Board's  report 
is  reproduced  below. 

Settlements  Following  Board  Procedure 

(1)  Canada  Steamship  Lines,  Limited; 
Colonial  Steamships,  Limited;  N.  M. 
Paterson  &  Sons,  Limited;  Upper  Lakes 
and  St.  Lawrence  Transportation  Company 
Limited;  and  National  Association  of 
Marine  Engineers  of  Canada,  Inc.  (see 
above). 

(2)  The  Brookland  Company  Limited 
(Radio  Station  CKWS,  Kingston)  and 
National  Association  of  Broadcast  Engi- 
neers and  Technicians  (see  above). 

(3)  The  Brookland  Company  Limited 
(Radio  Station  CHEX,  Peterborough)  and 
National  Association  of  Broadcast  Engi- 
neers and  Technicians  (see  above). 

Strike  Following  Board  Procedure 

The  Shipping  Federation  of  Canada.  Inc., 
Montreal,  and  Seafarers'  International 
Union  of  North  America,  Canadian  Dis- 
trict (L.G.,  Nov.,  p.  1629).  The  strike  was 
settled  in  October  with  the  assistance  of 
Raoul  Trepanier,  Industrial  Relations 
Officer  of  the  Department. 


1770 


Report  of  Board  in  Dispute  between 

Canada  Steamship  Lines,  Limited;  Colonial  Steamships, 

Limited;  N.  M.  Paterson  &  Sons,  Limited;  Upper  Lakes 

and  St.  Lawrence  Transportation  Co.,  Limited 

and 

National  Association  of  Marine  Engineers  of  Canada,  Inc. 


Hon.  Milton  F.  Gregg,  V.C.,  LL.D., 

Minister  of  Labour, 
Ottawa,  Ont. 

In  the  matter  of  the  Industrial  Relations 
&  Disputes  Investigation  Act  and 
dispute  affecting  the  National  Associa- 
tion of  Marine  Engineers  of  Canada 
Inc.,  applicant,  and  Canada  Steamship 
Lines  Limited,  Colonial  Steamships, 
Limited,  N.  M.  Paterson  &  Sons, 
Limited,  Upper  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence 
Transportation  Company  Limited, 
respondents. 

Dear  Sir: 

I  have  the  honour  to  present  the  Report 
of  the  Board  of  Conciliation  in  the  above 
case.  The  Board  of  Conciliation  in  this 
case  consisted  of  B.  S.  Keirstead,  Chairman, 
K.  Green  and  J.  Sedgwick,  QC. 

Part  I 

The  case  was  referred  to  the  Board  after 
efforts  at  direct  bargaining  and  at  concilia- 
tion had  broken  down.  The  issues  which 
remained  unresolved  were  numerous,  but 
the  most  important  were  those  which  in- 
volved the  basic  rate  of  salaries,  the 
recognition  of  a  basic  work  week  of  40 
hours,  and  compensation  in  the  monthly 
salary  for  overtime  over  and  above  a  work 
week  of  40  hours.  Lesser  issues,  which 
were  unresolved  at  the  time  conciliation 
began,  were  the  check-off  and  maintenance 
of  membership,  conditions  of  work,  accom- 
modation aboard  ship,  boarding  passes,  the 
proper  designation  for  junior  engineers  or 
marine  engineering  officers,  the  desirability 
or  otherwise  of  fourth  engineers  on  all  ships 
with  suitable  accommodation  for  such 
officers,  living  allowance  for  officers  during 
fit-out  and  lay-up,  travelling  allowance  to 
and  from  ports  of  sign-on,  and  compensa- 
tion for  personal  loss  suffered  by  engineer- 
ing  officers  by   reason   of   marine   disaster. 

After  a  series  of  hearings  (details  of 
which  are  enclosed  in  a  separate  statement) 
your  Board  believed  that  on  most  matters, 
saving  only  basic  salary  and  recognition  of, 
and   compensation   for,    overtime   above   40 


In  October,  the  Minister  of  Labour 
received  the  report  of  the  Board  of 
Conciliation  and  Investigation  appointed 
to  deal  with  matters  in  dispute  between 
the  National  Association  of  Marine 
Engineers  of  Canada,  Inc.,  and  (1) 
Canada  Steamship  Lines,  Limited; 
(2)  Colonial  Steamships,  Limited;  (3) 
N.  M.  Paterson  &  Sons,  Limited,  and 
(4)  Upper  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence 
Transportation  Co.,  Limited. 

The  Board  was  under  the  chairman- 
ship of  Prof.  B.  S.  Keirstead,  Montreal, 
appointed  by  the  Minister  in  the 
absence  of  a  joint  recommendation  from 
the  other  two  members  of  the  Board. 
The  nominee  of  the  companies  was 
Joseph  Sedgwick,  QC,  Toronto,  and  the 
union  nominee  was  Ken  Green,  Halifax. 

The  text  of  the  Board's  report  is 
reproduced  herewith. 


hours  per  week,  compromises  suggested  by 
the  Board  were  acceptable  to  both  parties. 
On  these  basic  issues,  however,  no  com- 
promise was  obtainable. 

The  difference  between  the  Union 
requests  and  the  Company  proposals  are 
indicated  in  the  following  table: — 


Union 

Requests 

Class  "E" 

Company 

(56Hr.Wk. 

Canallers 

Proposals 

at  Sea) 

2nd  Engineer  

.  $340.00 

$407.58 

3rd  Engineer    

.     292.50 

373.61 

4th  Engineer   

None 

339.65 

Class  "D" 

6,000  tons  and  under 

2nd  Engineer   ..... 

.     350.00 

417.58 

3rd  Engineer    

.     302.50 

383.61 

4th  Engineer    

.     282.50 

349.65 

Class  "C" 

9,000  tons  and  under 

2nd  Engineer   

.     360.00 

427.58 

3rd  Engineer    

.     302.50 

393.61 

4th   Engineer    

.     282.50 

359.65 

81725—5 


1771 


Class  "B" 

12,000  tons  and  under 

2nd  Engineer  370.00  437.58 

3rd  Engineer    302.50  413.61 

4th  Engineer    287.50  369.65 

Class  "A" 

18,000  tons  and  under 

2nd  Engineer  ......     385.00  447.58 

3rd  Engineer    310.00  423.61 

4th  Engineer   287.50  379.65 

In  a  meeting  on  August  23,  your  Board, 
meeting  in  camera,  unanimously  decided 
on  the  following  principles  as  a  reasonable 
compromise  between  the  two  parties.  The 
compromise  was  designed  as  a  basis  for 
negotiation  aimed  at  ultimate  agreement 
and,  we  hoped,  a  contract.  These  prin- 
ciples may  be  summarized  as  follows: — 

1.  Wages 

(a)  That  wages  in  all  companies  be 
raised  in  each  category  to  the  highest  level 
presently  paid  by  any  company.  This 
would  involve  an  increase  in  monthly 
wages  of  $15-$20  per  month,  according  to 
category,  by  the  companies  whose  wage 
rates  were  now  the  lowest. 

(b)  That  in  addition  to  the  above- 
mentioned  correction  of  anomalies  as 
between  companies,  a  further  increase  of 
approximately  8  per  cent  be  made  across 
the  board — the  base  to  be  the  corrected 
wage  as  under  (a)  above — in  order  to 
preserve  the  differential  between  the 
remuneration  of  licensed  and  unlicensed 
personnel,  this  latter  percentage  increase 
to  take  effect  only  if  proposed  increases, 
averaging  10  per  cent  for  the  first  twelve- 
month period  of  the  contract,  were  to  go 
into  effect  for  unlicensed  personnel.  If 
such  an  increase  for  unlicensed  personnel 
were  not  to  go  into  effect  for  the  next 
contract  year,  we  proposed  an  increase  for 
the  engineering  officers  sufficient  to  main- 
tain the  existing  differential  between  them 
and  the  highest  paid  unlicensed  personnel. 

(c)  In  lieu  of  other  wage  increases  this 
current  year,  the  Board  proposed  an  in- 
centive payment  system  to  encourage 
marine  engineers  to  improve  their  qualifi- 
cations. We  took  note  of  the  large 
number  of  such  engineers  who  held  only 
fourth  class  certificates,  though  they  sailed 
as  third,  second  and  even  first  engineers 
on  the  ships.  Our  proposal  was  designed 
both  to  improve  the  pay  of  the  engineers 
as  they  improved  their  qualifications,  to 
make  it  easier  for  them  to  study  to  this 
purpose  and  to  give  the  companies,  at 
small    cost,    a    better    trained    personnel. 


This  proposal  was  two-fold:  (i)  the  com- 
panies should  pay  a  per  diem  living 
allowance,  at  the  rate  of  $4.50  to  all 
engineering  officers  who  studied  at 
approved  trade  schools  in  the  off  season 
for  the  period  of  approved  residence  in 
such  schools,  it  being  understood  that  any 
officer  who  received  such  assistance  and 
subsequently  failed  to  satisfy  the  exam- 
iners on  the  examination  for  the  next 
grade  in  certification  would  not  be  eligible 
for  a  renewal  of  this  grant  until  after 
he  had  successfully  passed  the  examina- 
tion; (ii)  that  the  companies,  regardless 
of  promotion  to  a  higher  berth,  would  pay 
a  bonus  of  $2.50  for  a  third  class  certifi- 
cate, $5  for  the  second  class  and  $10  for 
a  first  class  certificate  (all  on  the  monthly 
salary)  to  all  holders  of  such  certificates 
who  occupied  a  rank  aboard  less  than  that 
to  which  the  certificate  entitled  them. 
Thus  the  holder  of  a  first  class  certificate, 
entitled  on  such  certificate  to  a  rank  of 
chief  engineer,  would  receive  a  bonus  over 
and  above  the  salary  attached  to  his  berth, 
say  second  engineer,  of  $10  per  month 
until  such  time  as  he  was  promoted  Chief. 

2.  Overtime 

Your  Board  was  unable  to  propose  a 
basic  forty-hour  week  as  the  Union 
requested,  since  it  seemed  to  us  a  physical 
impossibility  under  present,  or  immedi- 
ately foreseeable,  circumstances  that  such  a 
week  could  be  worked  on  the  Canal  and 
Lake  boats.  We  believed  that  the  wage 
proposals  suggested  above  would  carry 
some  compensation  for  the  long  working 
week  required  on  these  ships  of  officers 
and  engineers.  We  did  propose  an  over- 
time payment — at  a  daily  rate  calculated 
by  dividing  the  basic  day  into  the  monthly 
salary — for  all  work  done  in  excess  of 
eight  hours  a  day  while  at  sea,  and  of  all 
work  done  in  excess  of  44  hours  a  week 
during  the  periods  of  lay-up  and  fit-out. 

3.  Other  Points  at  Issue 

We  proposed  a  voluntary  revocable 
check-off  on  an  annual  or  semi-annual  basis 
and  a  maintenance  of  membership  clause; 
we  proposed  that  boarding  passes  be 
unrestricted  as  to  ports;  we  proposed  that 
accommodation  on  ships,  where  it  is 
alleged  to  be  inadequate,  be  improved  so 
far  as  it  is  reasonable  to  do  so — "reason- 
able" in  this  context  to  be  determined  by 
a  neutral  arbitrator  in  the  light  of  the 
evidence  on  the  condition  of  the  ships,  the 
life-expectancy  of  the  ships  involved  and 
the  probable  cost  of  the  necessary  altera- 
tions ;  we  proposed  that  fourth  engineers 
should  be  carried  on  all  ships  other  than 


1772 


canal  boats  where  accommodation  could  be 
provided;  we  proposed  that  a  per  diem 
subsistence  allowance  at  the  rate  of  $4.50 
be  paid  for  all  engineering  officers,  living 
away  from  home  during  fit-out  and  lay-up, 
when  the  accommodation  provided  by  the 
companies  was  unacceptable;  we  proposed 
that  travelling  allowances  be  paid,  up  to 
a  limit  of .  500  miles,  from  home  to  the 
point  of  "sign-on"  and  from  port  of  lay-up 
to  home;  and  that  compensation,  in  the 
event  of  marine  disaster  be  paid  for  actual 
loss  up  to  a  limit  of  $350.  On  the  matter 
of  designation  we  accepted  the  term  used 
in  the  document  of  certification,  viz., 
"marine  engineering  officers." 

These  proposals,  though  agreed  to  by  all 
the  members  of  your  Board  as  a  com- 
promise for  further  negotiation  and  a 
possible  basis  for  a  contract,  were  unac- 
ceptable to  both  parties.  It  is  proper  to 
report  that  only  one  of  the  Companies, 
viz.,  Canada  Steamship  Lines,  stated  they 
rejected  the  proposals  as  a  basis  for  discus- 
sion and  regarded  them  as  a  punitive 
discrimination  against  their  Company.  The 
Union  likewise  stated  that  they  consid- 
ered the  Board's  proposals  on  the  matter 
of  wages  and  overtime  as  completely 
unacceptable  even  as  a  basis  for  discussion. 
After  repeated  and  patient  efforts  to  get 
one  side  or  the  other  to  enter  into  further 
discussion,  your  Board — not  without  dis- 
appointment— dismissed  both  parties  and 
gave  up  further  hope  of  achieving  an 
agreement. 

Your  Board  is  still  unanimously  of  the 
opinion  that  the  proposals  it  made  were 
fair  and  reasonable  as  a  basis  for  negotia- 
tion and  eventual  settlement.  Overtime 
at  the  present  seemed  a  physical  impossi- 
bility. Our  proposal  that  fourth  engineers 
be  carried,  wherever  physically  possible, 
was  a  first  step  towards  creating  the 
physical  conditions  under  which,  eventually, 
a  40-hour  week  might  become  a  possibility. 

(Sgd.)  B.  S.  Keirstead, 
Chairman. 

(Sgd.)  J.  Sedgwick,  QC, 

(Sgd.)  K.  Green.    . 

(Signed  under  the  conditions  and  with  the 
understanding  outlined  in  my  Part  II  of 
this  submission.) 

K.  Green. 

Individual  Reports 
Prof.   B.   S.   Keirstead 

Part  II 
Part  I  of  this  Report  is  unanimous  and 
is   signed   by   all   members    of   the    Board. 
In    this    Part    we    add    some    individual 


comments  which  we  trust  may  be  helpful 
to  you,  Sir,  in  the-  subsequent  stages  of 
this  dispute. 

We  agreed  to  overtime  payment  for 
work  in  excess  of  the  normal  watches  arid 
in  excess  of  44  hours  a  week  during  lay-up 
and  fit-out.  All  professional  workers 
receive  in  their  monthly  salary  compensa- 
tion for  the  extra  work  which  professional 
responsibility  and  professional  repute 
require  of  them.  Thus,  the  real  issue  in 
this  case  is  fundamentally  one  of  salary. 
On  this  point  we  note  that  during  the  past 
five  years  the  companies  have  given  salary 
increases  in  excess  of  the  increase  in  the 
cost  of  living.  Thus  real  wages  have  gone 
up.  We  hasten  to  add,  on  the  other  hand, 
that  evidence  put  before  us  shows  that 
during  the  same  period  salaries  in  this 
profession  have  advanced  less  rapidly,  both 
in  money  and  real  values,  than  wages  in 
more  or  less  comparable  trades  ashore. 
Thus,  on  grounds  of  preserving  traditional 
relative  positions,  some  increases  to  the 
marine  engineers  seemed  justifiable.  We 
had,  however,  also  to  consider  the  reason- 
ableness of  this  from  the  point  of  view 
of  the  companies.  In  all  fairness,  we 
believed  that  this  was  a  bad  year  to  ask 
too  much  of  the  companies.  Ships  are 
tied  up  for  lack  of  cargo.  The  prospect 
for  lake  shipping — in  the  foreseeable  future 
— is  not  good.  Some  wage  corrections 
seemed  called  for,  but  any  major  increase 
at  this  moment  seemed  unjustified.  Our 
proposals,  though  they  meant  a  minor  wage 
increase  for  the  staff  of  two  of  the  com- 
panies— at  best,  something  of  the  order  of 
8  per  cent — meant  an  increase  in  the  case 
of  two  of  the  companies  of  an  order  vary- 
ing between  15  per  cent  and  20  per  cent, 
and  these  two  latter  companies  employed 
about  66  per  cent  of  the  union  member- 
ship. Thus  our  proposals,  though  they 
apparently  disappointed  the  Union  nego- 
tiators, nevertheless  represented  a  consider- 
able demand  upon  the  companies  and  a 
considerable  improvement  in  pay  for  the 
majority  (66%)  of  the  Union  membership. 
It  is  difficult  to  understand  the  Union 
position,  since,  in  all  the  minor  clauses,  to 
say  nothing  of  the  wage  improvements 
above  referred  to,  our  proposals  met,  or 
nearly  met,  the  Union  requests.  We  can 
only  comment  that,  in  the  words  of  the 
Union  brief,  their  original  bargaining  pro- 
posals, which  call  for  wage  increases 
ranging  from  16  per  cent  to  40  per  cent 
are  described  in  the  following  language: 
"We  are  not  submitting  an  exaggerated 
amount,  but  a  just  figure  in  which  we  can 
accept  no  reduction." 


81725—54 


1773 


Your  Chairman  is  obliged  to  conclude 
that  the  Union  did  not  enter  these  nego- 
tiations with  any  great  willingness  to 
modify  its  original  demands  and  he  can- 
not regard  their  behaviour  as  demonstrat- 
ing any  flexibility  in  collective  bargaining. 

Having  said  so  much,  your  Chairman 
feels  it  is  only  fair  to  say  of  the  other 
side  that  three  of  the  Companies  showed 
a  willingness  to  bargain  collectively  and  a 
spirit  of  compromise  and  give  and  take. 
The  fourth  Company,  Canada  Steamship 
Lines,  which  had  a  basic  salary  rate  lower 
than  two  of  the  smaller  Companies,  was 
quite  as  inflexible  as  the  Union.  As  Chair- 
man I  must  add  my  personal  conviction 
that  throughout  these  negotiations  neither 
the  Union  or  Canada  Steamship  Lines  were 
sufficiently  anxious  for  a  settlement  to  show 
any  willingness  to  compromise. 

I  wish  in  conclusion  to  express  my  very 
warm  appreciation  of  the  objective  and 
helpful  spirit  with  which  my  colleagues  on 
the  Board  approached  our  mutual  problem. 

<[  have  the  honour  to  be,  Sir,  your  most 
humble  and  obedient  servant. 

(Sgd.)  B.  S.  Keirstead, 
Chairman. 

Joseph  Sedgwick,   QC 

Part  II,  being  the  individual  comments 
of  Joseph  Sedgwick,  QC,  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Conciliation. 

I  have  signed  Part  I  of  this  report  with 
some  reservation.  The  report  is  factual 
in  that  it  does  set  out  the  principles  on 
which  the  members  of  the  Board  agreed 
as  being  a  reasonable  compromise  and  as 
affording  a  basis  for  negotiation.  The 
members  of  the  Board,  or  at  least  this 
member,  did  not  agree  however  that  the 
present  hours  of  work  and  scales  of  wages 
are  unfair  thus  the  proposed  compromise 
was  put  forward  in  the  hope  that  both 
parties  would  accept  it,  but  not  as  repre- 
senting the  equities,  nor  so  far  as  I  am 
concerned,  as  something  that  the  Com- 
panies ought  to  do  as  a  matter  of  fairness 
and  right.  For  myself  I  felt  from  the 
outset  that  the  present  wage  scale  of  the 
engineers  was  adequate,  and  that  their 
working  conditions  were  fair  and  consistent 
with  the  type  of  employment  that  they 
had  chosen.  The  Chairman  has  set  out  in 
the  report  of  the  Board  the  Companies' 
proposal  which  is  that  all  the  four  Com- 
panies should  bring  their  wages  up  to  the 
level  of  the  highest,  and  in  the  case  of 
some  of  the  Companies  this  will  in  itself 
mean  a  considerable  increase.  That  level- 
ling upward  of  the  wage  scale  I  thought 
fair  and  I  also  thought  it  adequate,  as 
any  consideration  of   the  wages  now  paid 


to  these  junior  engineers  would  indicate 
that  they  are  well  remunerated  in  com- 
parison with  any  reasonably  comparable 
occupation.  For  instance  the  second 
engineer  on  a  Class  A  boat  would  under 
the  Companies'  proposal  be  paid  $385  a 
month  plus  his  complete  subsistence  while 
employed,  and  the  Companies  say,  and  it 
is  not  disputed,  that  on  the  basis  of  actual 
cost  this  subsistence  works  out  at  at  least 
$84  per  month.  This  means  a  total  real 
wage  of  over  $110  a  week  and  as  the 
engineers  are  on  their  ships  for  some  nine 
months  of  the  year,  fed  and  housed  during 
all  that  time,  the  greater  part  of  their 
cash  earnings  could  well  be  saved  or  used 
for  the  support  of  their  dependents  if  any. 
I  do  not  think  that  the  mere  fact  that 
wage  increases  and  other  benefits  are 
demanded  means  that  they  must  be 
granted,  and  nothing  was  said  to  the  Board 
to  indicate  that  any  factors  are  present  in 
1953  that  were  not  present  in  1952  when 
the  present  wages  and  conditions  of 
employment  were  agreed  upon.  Thus  my 
feeling  was  that  the  levelling  of  wages 
offered  by  the  Companies  was  sufficient 
and  should  have  been  accepted.  However 
in  the  hope  of  peace  I  did  agree  with  the 
other  members  of  the  Board  that  the 
proposals  set  out  in  the  report  of  the 
Board  should  be  put  forward  as  a  reason- 
able basis  for  negotiation,  and  was  con- 
siderably surprised  when  the  Union  not 
only  refused  to  accept  these  proposals  as 
a  basis  for  compromise  but  refused  to  •  \ 
consider  them  at  all.  During  the  whole 
of  the  negotiations  the  Union  refused  to 
budge  from  its  original  demands  which  in 
my  view  are  completely  unrealistic.  Most 
of  the  Companies  did  indicate  a  willingness 
to  consider  the  matter  and  a  willingness  at 
least  to  weigh  concessions  over  and  above 
the  equalization  which  they  had  offered 
prior  to  the  establishment  of  the  Concilia- 
tion Board. 

A  word  about  hours  of  work.  It  was 
said  by  the  Union  that  shoreworkers  gen- 
erally work  a  40-hour  week  and  therefore 
those  working  on  lake  boats  should  work 
similar  hours.  This  demand  is  not  put 
forward  in  good  faith  as  the  Union  officials 
are  well  aware  that  it  is  physically  impos- 
sible for  engineer  officers  on  lake  steam- 
ships to  work  only  a  40-hour  week,  so  that 
the  demand  for  a  40-hour  week  is  merely 
a  demand  that  they  be  paid  for  that 
number  of  hours  as  a  basic  wage  and  that 
all  hours  worked  thereafter  should  be  paid 
for  on  an  overtime  basis.  I  do  not  want 
to  labour  what  I  have  said  about  the 
conditions  of  the  job,  but  it  must  be 
obvious  to  even  the  least  informed  person 


1774 


that  one  cannot  compare  the  duties  of  an 
engineer  officer  on  a  lake  steamship  with 
the  duties  of  a  machinist  or  fitter  in  a 
dockyard  or  similar  shore  establishment. 
The  engineer  officer  is  on  the  ship  practi- 
cally all  the  time,  and  certainly  is  on  it 
all  the  time  that  it  is  at  sea.  He  does 
his  watches  of  eight  hours  a  day  but  he 
does  not  have  to  spend  time  getting  from 
his  home  to  his  work  or  returning  from  his 
work  to  his  home.  In  the  case  of  the 
shoreworkers  those  times  are  times  spent 
in  connection  with  his  work  and  must  be 
considered,  and  if  they  are  considered  I 
think  it  will  be  found  that  the  worker 
ashore  is  actually  away  from  his  home,  in 
going  to  his  employment,  doing  his  work, 
and  returning  to  his  home  something  like 
the  56  hours  that  an  engineer  officer  aboard 
ship  is  presently  called  upon  to  be  on  duty. 
It  should  also  be  remembered  that  while 
the  engineer  officer  is  on  duty  for  56  hours 
a  week  he  is  not  hard  at  work  for  all  those 
hours  in  the  sense  that  a  production  worker 
in  a  shop  or  factory  is  at  work.  He  has 
many  hours  when  he  is  merely  on  duty. 
Sailors,  by  the  very  nature  of  their 
employment,  cannot  always  work  within 
rigidly  fixed  hours,  and  the  simple  answer 
is  that  those  who  do  not  desire  the  kind 
of  life  that  is  to  be  found  aboard  a  lake 
steamer  should  seek  some  other  kind  of 
employment.  No  law  with  which  I  am 
familiar  compels  any  man  to  become  a 
marine  engineer,  and  as  to  those  within 
the  bargaining  unit,  they  have  elected  to 
follow  that  walk  of  life  and  must  accept 
its  conditions,  and  in  my  view  are  being 
reasonably  compensated  for  their  labours 
at  the  present  time. 

(Sgd.)  Joseph  Sedgwick. 
Toronto,  September  1,  1953. 

Ken  Green 

You  have  received  a  report  of  proceed- 
ings of  your  Conciliation  Board  in  the 
above  case  from  Prof.  B.  S.  Keirstead, 
Department  of  Economics,  1020  Pine  Street 
West,  Montreal,  P.Q.,  and  Chairman  of  the 
Board  in  the  above  case.  I  wish  to  submit 
my  "Part  II"  to  the  Chairman's  submission. 

As  reported  by  Prof.  Keirstead,  your 
Board  met  in  camera  on  August  23.  The 
Chairman  proposed  various  principles  he 
suggested  the  Board  could  present  to  the 
parties  as  a  reasonable  basis  for  further 
negotiation  of  matters  still  in  dispute 
between  the  parties  at  that  time. 

The  members  of  the  Board  agreed  to 
support  these  proposals  of  the  Chairman 
in  an  effort  to  assist  the  parties  in  effecting 
an  agreement  on  the  matters  under 
conciliation. 


I  wish  to  underline  my  understanding 
that  this  agreement  by  the  Board  was  for 
the  purpose  of  presenting  a  unanimously 
suggested  compromise  as  a  possible  starting 
point  to  conciliate  all  matters  between  the 
parties  to  the  effect  that  a  settlement  of 
these  disputed  points  would  be  realized  and 
a  contract  signed  at  that  time.  At  no  time 
did  I  consider  this  to  be  a  report  of  the 
Board,  unanimous  or  otherwise. 

It  was  with  these  thoughts  and  reserva- 
tions in  mind  that  I  affixed  my  signature 
to  "Part  I"  of  Chairman  B.  S.  Keirstead's 
submission.  That  is,  I  signed  it  as  a  report 
of  the  compromise  suggested  and  designed 
to  be  a  basis  of  continued  negotiations 
between  the  parties.  I  did  not  sign  it  as 
the  unanimous  report  of  recommendations 
of  the  Board  of  Conciliation  to  the  Min- 
ister of  Labour  in  the  above  case. 

These  recommendations  from  the  August 
23  meeting  of  the  Board  came  from  a 
genuine  desire  by  the  members  to  find  a 
starting  point  to  conciliate  a  successful 
agreement  between  the  parties.  The  mem- 
bers were,  I  am  certain,  hopeful  that  the 
parties  would  agree  to  further  conciliation 
from  these  suggested  principles  and  that  a 
spirit  of  give-and-take  would  prevail.  This 
action  did  not  materialize  in  the  matter  of 
Wages,  the  Shorter  Work  Week  and  Over- 
time, the  cardinal  issues  in  dispute.  Agree- 
ment was  realized  in  practically  all 
secondary  points  at  issue  at  the  time  of 
conciliation. 

During  the  hearings  the  parties  were  not 
at  all  times  in  either  a  compromising  or 
conciliatory  spirit.  As  nominee  for  the 
National  Association  of  Marine  Engineers, 
I  must,  in  all  fairness,  admit  that  this 
observation  must  be  applied  to  those  who 
nominated  me  as  well  as  to  others.  How- 
ever, all  actions  must  have  cause.  Again 
in  all  fairness,  I  suspect  that  any  attitude 
of  the  association  representatives  which 
might  indicate  a  lack  of  true  collective 
bargaining  spirit  could  be  traced  to  their 
experience  on  the  first  day  of  the  hearings 
when  Mr.  N.  Berry,  QC,  legal  counsel  or 
spokesman  for  the  association  of  negotiat- 
ing employees,  announced  that  because 
the  companies  involved  had  not  had  suffi- 
cient notice  to  prepare  a  submission  they 
did  not  have  one  at  that  time  to  submit 
to  the  Board. 

I  felt,  and  I  am  sure  the  Association 
representatives  must  have  had  the  same 
thoughts,  that  this  was  more  excuse  than 
reason  because  I  am  certain  that  the 
Chairman  gave  all  parties  in  the  dispute 
equal  notification  of  all  public  sessions  of 
the  Board  as  to  time,  place,  etc.  The 
Association   representatives   may   have   felt 


1775 


that  they  were  at  a  considerable  disad- 
vantage in  that  the  companies'  submission, 
following  a  suggested  recess  following  the 
Union  submission,  would  be  simply  a 
rebuttal  of  the  Association's  submission  and 
not  a  true  submission  coming  from  the 
second  party  in  dispute.  This  circumstance 
would  tend  to  put  these  representatives  on 
the  defensive  during  these  preliminary 
hearings. 

I  am  also  certain  that  the  defensive  and 
apparently  inflexible  attitude  of  the  Asso- 
ciation representatives  following  the  open- 
ing of  the  second  hearing  on  August  21 
was  attributable  to  the  firm  and,  appar- 
ently deliberately  unco-operative  attitude 
expressed  by  Mr.  Dunkerley,  representing 
the  Canada  Steamship  Lines  Limited,  one 
of  the  companies  in  the  dispute. 

I  stand  firmly  convinced  that  had  these 
two  incidents  not  taken  place  your  Board 
conceivably  could  have  experienced  some 
measure  of  success,  at  least  in  so  far  as 
the  Association  representatives  were  con- 
cerned, towards  the  eventual  signing  of  an 
agreement  negotiated  from  the  basic  pro- 
posals spelled  out  by  Chairman  Keirstead 
and  agreed  to  by  the  Board  members  (with 
the  understanding  noted  above,  for  my 
part)  as  a  basis  of  compromise. 

However,  we  shall  never  know  what 
might  have  happened  "if".  We  must 
adopt  the  principle  that  it  is  more  produc- 
tive to  look  to  the  future  than  cry  over 
the  past. 

It  is  with  the  above  thought  in  mind, 
Sir,  that  I  wish  to  submit  for  your  active 
consideration  in  any  subsequent  actions  in 
this  dispute,  the  following  recommendations 
which  I  feel  merit  the  serious  consideration 
of  all  parties  appearing  before  this  Board 
and  which,  I  also  feel,  are  designed  for 
immediate  acceptance  by  these  parties. 

Wages 

In  Part  I  of  its  submission  the  Associa- 
tion clearly  outlined  the  qualifications  and 
duties  of  Marine  Engineering  Officers,  the 
members  of  the  bargaining  unit. 

(In  all  this  the  companies'  attempt  to 
rebut  purely  by  inference  and,  to  me  at 
least,  by  misleading  half-truths.  One 
example  of  this  is  pointed-up  in  paragraph 
3  of  page  4  of  their  submission  when  they 
conclude  their  remarks  on  a  4th  Engineer's 
examination  by  stating:  "He  is  then  quali- 
fied to  hold  any  rank  of  engineer  up  to 
and  including,  2nd  engineer."  This  is  an 
obvious  attempt  to  minimize  the  positions 
without  explaining  that  this  is  all  the 
qualification  called  for  under  the  Canada 
Shipping  Act  for  the  boats  under  review. 
Their    submission    very    carefully    avoids 


reference  to  experience,  responsibilities  or 
loyalty  of  the  personnel  in  their  various 
engineering  positions.  They  seem  to  be 
content  to  belittle  their  employees  in  the 
eyes  of  those  who  may  not  be  familiar 
with  the  ways  of  ships  or  shipping.  A 
factual  analysis  of  this,  and  many  other 
sections  of  their  submission,  indicates 
apparent  wishful  thinking. ...  I  may  as  well 
state  here  that  my  candid  opinion  of  their 
whole  submission  is  that  it  is  a  desperate 
attempt  to  get  many  words  on  paper  in 
the  hope  that  many  may  confuse  the  issue. 
To  me  it  is  not  a  submission,  but  a  feeble 
rebuttal  and  supports  my  original  observa- 
tion that  the  reason  there  was  not  a  sub- 
mission from  the  companies  in  the  first 
instance  was  because  there  was  not  a  case 
to  support.) 

The  Association  also  presented  a  fair 
comparison  between  the  Marine  Engineer 
and  comparable  trades  ashore,  as  well  as 
the  anomalies  between  sea-going  and  shore 
jobs. 

In  the  latter  area  the  Association  com- 
pared the  Marine  Engineer  to  the 
machinist.  The  observation  here  being 
that  while  the  doctor  can  not  be  equated 
with  the  lawyer  he  can  at  least  be  com- 
pared to  him  in  the  professional  field.  The 
same  holds  true  with  the  Marine  Engineer 
and  machinist.  In  their  case  the  Union 
did  not  contend  that  the  Marine  Engineer 
and  the  machinists  were  not  necessarily 
interchangeable  but  that  they  were  com- 
parable on  a  trade  or  craft  basis — as  the 
doctor  is  comparable  to  the  lawyer.  From 
my  knowledge  with  the  comparisons  used 
I  must  agree  with  the  Association's  sub- 
mission. Also,  from  an  intimate  knowl- 
edge of  the  rates  of  pay,  on  the  comparison 
basis,  I  must  also  report  that  I  agree  with 
the  hourly  rates  requested  by  the  Union 
in  paragraphs  51,  52  and  53  of  their  sub- 
mission as  fair  and  reasonable. 

However,  while  agreeing  with  the  com- 
parisons and  hourly  rates  set  out  in 
paragraphs  51,  52  and  53  I  do  not  feel  I 
can  recommend,  at  this  time,  other  than 
the  payment  of  the  monthly  rates  set  out 
in  the  attached  Schedule  I  rather  than 
concur  in  the  table  outlined  under  para- 
graph 57  of  the  Association's  submission. 

My  recommendation  embraces  a  levelling- 
up  of  present  basic  rates  to  that  of  the 
highest  prevailing  rates  of  the  companies 
concerned;  an  increase  of  8  per  cent  of 
the  adjusted  basic,  retroactive  to  March  1, 
1953,  the  date  of  the  opening  of  a  new 
agreement. 

In  the  event  the  parties  could  agree  to 
a  contract  effective  from  March  1,  1953, 
to    February    28,    1955,    I    would    further 


1776 


recommend  that  these  basic  wage  rates  be 
further  adjusted  by  a  4  per  cent  upward 
revision  from  March  1,  1954,  and  by  a  still 
further  upward  revision  of  3  per  cent 
effective  from  August  1,  1954.  These  new 
rates  are  also  outlined  in  the  attached 
Schedule  I. 

In    recommending    these    wage    adjust- 
ments, I  have  in  mind: — 

(i)  The  skills  and  training  involved; 
(ii)  Wage  comparisons  with  shore-based 
comparable  positions; 

(iii)  Subsistence  allowances  are  pro- 
vided for  under  the  Canada  Shipping  Act 
and  must  not  be  used  or  confused  with 
basic  rates  when  computing  wage  scales; 
(iv)  My  recommendations  are  consider- 
ably below  the  adjustments  requested  by 
the  Association  in  all  cases; 

(v)  Being  aware  from  reports  and  other 
evidence,  and  from  the  companies'  sub- 
mission, that  the  deck  officers,  of  a 
comparable  basis,  that  is  a  1st  officer  is 
of  the  same  status  as  a  2nd  engineer, 
obtain  approximately  $5  per  month  more 
than  do  Marine  Engineers  of  a  compar- 
able class,  a  slight  adjustment  has  been 
allowed  in  the  8,  4  and  3  percentages  of 
Schedule  I  to  overcome  this  discrepancy; 
(vi)  The  companies  have  agreed  to  the 
levelling-up  proposal; 

(vii)  The  companies  have  not 
attempted  to  plead  inability  to  pay  at 
any  time  during  the  hearings; 


(viii)  The  companies  have  not  opposed, 
or  expressed  any  opposition  to  adjust- 
ments being  made  retroactive  to  the 
opening  date  of  the  agreement,  that  is, 
adjustments  to  be  made  retroactive  to 
March  1,  1953; 

(ix)  I  am  also  aware  that  the  Asso- 
ciation has  negotiated  and  signed  a 
contract  with  the  Shell  Canadian  Tankers, 
Limited,  as  of  August  1,  1953,  on  vessels 
comparable  to  the  Class  "D"  (6,000  to 
9,000  tons)  of  Schedule  I,  at  the  following 
wage  rates: — 

Annual 
Gross        Operating  Gross 

Class  Pay  Period  Earnings 

2nd    $432.00      12  months      $5,184.00 

3rd     ....      369.00      12  months        4,428.00 
4th    ....      307.00      12  months        3,684.00 

The    "12    months"    Operating    Period    is 
computed  as  follows: — 

From  Fit-out  to  lay-up 307  days 

Statutory  holidays 8  days 

Vacation  leave    20  days 

Service  leave  36  days 

Leave    of   absence 6  days 

Total    Operating   Period..     365  days 
or  12  months 


Class 

Levelled 

Wages 

8% 
Increase 

March  1, 
1953 

4% 
Increase 

March  1, 
1954 

3% 
Increase 

August  1, 
1954 

Class  "E" 
Canallers 

2nd 

$ 
340.00 
292.00 

$ 

27.20 
23.40 

$ 

367.20 
315.40 
284.10 

388.80 
326.70 
305.10 

388.80 
326.70 
305.10 

399.60 
326.70 
310.50 

415.80 
332.10 
310.50 
286.20 

S 

13.60 
11.70 
11.00 

14.40 
12.10 
11.30 

14.40 
12.10 
11.30 

14.80 
12.10 
11.50 

15.40 
12.30 
11.50 
10.60 

$ 

380.80 
327.10 
395.10 

403.20 
338.80 
316.40 

403.20 
338.80 
316.40 

414.40 
338.80 
322.00 

431.20 
344.40 
322.00 
296.80 

$ 

10.20 
8.76 
8.27 

10.80 
9.07 
8.47 

10.80 
9.07 

8.47 

11.10 
9.07 
8.62 

11.55 
9.22 

8.62 
7.95 

S 

391.00 

3rd 

335.86 

4th 

303.37 

Class  "D" 
6,000-9,000  tons 

2nd 

360.00 
302.50 
282.50 

360.00 
302.50 
282.50 

370.00 
302.50 
287.50 

385.00 
307.50 
287.50 
265.00 

28.80 
24.20 
22.60 

28.80 
24.20 
22.60 

29.60 
24.20 
23.00 

30.80 
24.60 
23.00 
21.20 

414.00 

3rd 

347.87 

4th 

324.87 

Class  "C" 
9,000-12,000  tons.. 

2nd 

414.00 

3rd 

347.87 

4th :. 

324.87 

Class  "B" 
12,000-18,000  tons 

2nd 

425.50 

3rd 

347.87 

4th 

330.62 

Class  "A" 

18,000  tons  and  over 

2nd 

442.75 

3rd 

353.62 

4th 

330.62 

5th 

304.75 

Note:  The  mathematical  computation  of  the  above  monthly  salaries  remains  subject  to  review  in  so  far  i 
is  involved. 


1777 


Our  economic  system  recognizes  financial 
and  other  rewards  for  experience,  respon- 
sibility and  training  by  placing  a  differential 
between  those  with  special  qualifications 
and  those  without.  I  therefore  recommend 
that  in  any  upward  revision  of  wages  for 
the  unlicensed  personnel  on  board  the 
ships  of  the  companies  involved  be  imme- 
diately reviewed  for  the  purpose  of  main- 
taining existing  percentage  differentials 
between  the  unlicensed  and  licensed 
personnel.  I  would  point  out  that  to  use 
other  than  a  percentage  differential  would 
tend  to,  eventually,  lessen  the  effect  and 
intent  of  such  wage  differentials. 

Shorter  (40-Hour)  Work  Week 

It  must  be  recognized  that  the  gradual 
reduction  in  weekly  working  hours  is 
becoming  more  prevalent  with  industry  in 
the  free  world.  This  condition  is  acti- 
vated by  various  conditions.  Not  the  least 
of  these  have  been  our  technological 
development  during  recent  years,  an 
awakening  understanding  of  the  dignity  of 
man,  and  a  realization  that  per  man 
production  does  not  necessarily  mount 
simply  because  of  a  longer  work  week — 
industrial  research  has  proven  the  opposite 
to  be  true. 

The  shipping  industry's  arguments  against 
a  reduction  in  the  present  56-hour  week 
awakens  a  knowledge  that  industry  in 
general  a  few  years  ago  used  comparable 
arguments  in  defending  itself  from  a  reduc- 
tion in  the  10-hour  day.  However,  while 
it  is  generally  conceded  that  the  inade- 
quate crew  accommodations  on  the  ships 
at  present  make  the  establishment  of  a 
40-hour  week  at  sea  practically  an  impossi- 
bility, it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  shipping 
industry  will  not  tarry  as  long  as  general 
industry  did  in  the  past  in  streamlining  its 
services,  with  present  day  developments,  to 
include  provisions  for  the  shorter  work 
week  for  its  employees. 

To  my  knowledge  it  was  the  establish- 
ment of  the  40-hour  week  for  ships  at 
sea  which  was  termed  a  "physical  impossi- 
bility" by  the  companies.  I  would  there- 
fore recommend  that  the  40-hour  week  be 
established  during  the  period  of  fit-out  and 
lay-up  and  it  also  be  applied  while  ships 
are  in  port. 

While  it  may  not  be  practical  to  intro- 
duce the  40-hour  week  at  this  time  for 
ships  at  sea,  I  wish  to  recommend  that  the 
40-hour  week  be  established  as  the  working 
period  beyond  which  premium  payments 
will  be  paid.  This  is  another  recommenda- 
tion before  which  the  companies  did  not 
place  a  barrier. 


I  further  recommend  that  the  40-hour 
working  period  for  computing  premium 
payments  be  arrived  at  in  conformity  with 
the  wage  adjustments  outlined  in  Schedule 
I,  that  is,  the  working  week  will  become: — 
Forty-eight    hours    effective    from    the 

signing  of  the  contract; 
Forty-four    hours    effective    from    the 

1st  March  1954; 
Forty      hours      effective      from      the 
1st  August  1954. 

Overtime 

I  recommend  that  overtime  be  paid  on 
the  basis  of  the  following  schedule: — 

For  hours  worked  in  excess  of 

(i)  40  hours  per  week  during  fit-out 
and  lay-up; 

(ii)  40  hours  per  week  while  the  ship 
is  in  port; 

(iii)  8  hours  per  day  while  the  ship  is 
at  sea; 

(iv)  For  maintenance  work  performed 
in  port  other  than  regular  watchkeeping ; 

and  that  the  hourly  overtime  rate  of  pay 
shall  be  deemed  to  be  the  daily  rate  of 
pay,  under  Schedule  I,  divided  by  8  hours. 
These  premium  rates  to  be  paid  as  calcu- 
lated in  Schedule  II. 

It    is    interesting    to   note    the    following 
from  a  study  of  Schedule  II,  on  a   com- 
parison with  the  overtime  rates  prevailing 
in    the    ship    building    and    ship    repairing 
industry    in   Halifax,   where    this   report   is 
being    drafted,    that    of    the    48    premium 
overtime  rates  calculated  under  Schedule  II 
Two  are  from  5  cents  to  15  cents  per 
hour  above  a  toolmaker-journeyman; 
Forty-six  are  from  1  cent  to  1-07  cents 
per  hour  below  a  toolmaker-journey- 
man; 
Forty-four  are  from  5  cents  to  98  cents 

per  hour  below  a  journeyman; 
Twenty-nine   are   from   4   cents   to   58 
cents     per     hour     below     a     trades 
helper; 
Nineteen  are  from  2  cents  to  43  cents 

per  hour  below  a  labourer; 
Two  have  the  same  as  a  trades  helper 
and  4  have  the  same  as  a  labourer. 

These  comparisons  do  not  take  into  con- 
sideration the  double  time  paid  these 
employees  for  Saturday,  Sunday  and 
Statutory  Holiday  work;  neither  does  it 
include  the  increase  due  these  employees 
on  November  1,  1953. 

My  recommendations  in  respect  to 
"spelling-out"  overtime  premium  payments 
were  arrived  at  following  a  study  of  the 
Laskin  Report  of  the  Board  of  Arbitration 
in   the    matter   of   a    dispute    between    the 


1778 


OVERTIME  PREMIUM  HOURLY  RATES— EFFECTIVE  FROM: 


Class 

Contract 

Signing 

Date 

March  1, 
1954 

August  1, 
1954 

Class  "E" 
Canallers 

2nd 

$ 

1.77 
1.52 
1.37 

1.87 
1.57 
1.47 

1.87 
1.57 
1.47 

1.92 
1.57 

1.49 

2.00 
1.60 
1.49 
1.33 

% 

2.00 
1.71 
1.54 

2.11 
1.77 
1.66 

2.11 

1.77 
1.66 

2.17 
1.77 
1.69 

2.26 
1.80 
1.69 
1.55 

$ 
2.25 

3rd                                                                   

1.93 

4th  ..                                                       

1.75 

Class  "D" 
6,000-9,000  tons 

2nd    

2.39 

3rd 

2.01 

4th". 

1.87 

Class  "C" 
9,000-12,000  tons 

2nd 

2.39 

3rd 

2.01 

4th 

1.87 

12,000-18,000  tons 

2nd 

2.45 

3rd 

2.01 

1.91 

Class  "A" 

18,000  tons  and  over 

2nd 

2.55 

3rd 

2.04 

4th 

1.91 

5th 

1.76 

Note:  The  mathematical  computation  of  the  above  premium  rates  remains  subject  to  review  in  so  far  as  accuracy 
is  involved. 


National  Association  of  Marine  Engineers 
of  Canada,  Inc.,  and  Upper  Lakes  &  St. 
Lawrence  Transportation  Co.,  Ltd.:  Re 
Richard  Hampton,  and  signed  at  Toronto 
on  October  8,  1952. 

Also  in  view  of  the  above  case,  I  would 
recommend  that  overtime  payments  be 
made  at  the  end  of  each  month. 

Other  Points 

Trade  School  Assistance 

In  an  attempt  to  assist  the  shipping 
industry  by  fostering  in  the  Marine 
Engineer  a  desire  to  seek  and  qualify  for 
higher  certification,  I  recommend  that  an 
association  of  the  four  companies  involved 
make  a  collective  contribution  of  a  total 
of  $4.50  per  day  to  engineers  in  the 
employment  of  any  of  the  four  companies, 
at  the  end  of  their  navigation  season,  to 
assist  such  engineers  in  meeting  living 
expenses  while  attending  an  approved  trade 
school  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  an 
improved  engineers'  certificate.  It  will  be 
understood  that  these  approved  trade 
schools  will  be  conducted  during  the  off- 
navigation  or  the  lay-up  to  fit-out  period; 
that  such  engineers  will  attend  these  schools 
for  the  duration  of  the  school  term;  and 
that  they  will  have  passed  any  qualifying 
examinations  imposed  by  the  school  during 
any  term  of  attendance  before  qualifying 
for    additional    assistance    in    a    succeeding 


year  or  off-navigation  period.  This  quali- 
fication would  be  along  lines  similar  to 
that  outlined  in  DVA  assistance  to  return- 
ing servicemen.  ; 

Incentive  Bonus 

I  have  already  mentioned  rewards 
allowed  by  our  economic  system.  I 
believe  business  in  general  teaches  us  that 
our  free  economic  system  advocates 
rewards  for  incentive,  initiative,  risk,  etc. 
etc.  And  I  also  believe  the  companies 
involved  in  this  dispute  adhere  to  and 
express  that  teaching.  This  is  not  to  be 
read  as  any  criticism  of  their  thinking  as 
businessmen.  In  addition  to  the  above 
financial  assistance  while  attending  trade 
school  an  incentive  bonus  should  be  paid 
to  those  engineers  showing  initiative  by 
such  extra  study  to  obtain  a  higher 
certification. 

I  would  therefore  recommend  that  in 
addition  to,  and  independent  of  promo- 
tional pay,  the  following  incentive  bonus 
scale  shall  apply  to  all  engineers  obtaining 
improved  certification  above  that  of  a  4th 
Class  Certificate: — 

For    advancement    from    4th    to    3rd 
Class  Certificate— $2.50/month ; 

For    advancement    from    3rd    to    2nd 
Class  Certificate — $5/month ; 

For    advancement    from    2nd    to     1st 
Class  Certificate — $10/month; 


1779 


and  that  this  bonus  be  paid  without  regard 
to  the  position  held  by  the  engineer  in 
question.  For  example,  an  engineer,  hold- 
ing a  3rd  engineers  position,  and  who  has 
a  4th  class  certificate  then  obtains  his  3rd 
class  certificate  will  receive  in  addition  to 
his  salary  as  3rd  an  additional  incentive 
bonus  of  $2.50  per  month.  Also,  an  engi- 
neer, holding  a  2nd  engineers  position,  who 
holds  a  2nd  class  certificate  then  obtains 
his  1st  class  certificate  will  receive  in 
addition  to  his  salary  as  2nd  an  additional 
incentive  bonus  of  $10  per  month. 

Under  no  circumstances  are  the  above 
recommendations,  the  trade  school  assist- 
ance and  the  incentive  bonus,  to  be 
understood  to  be  recommendations  in  lieu 
of  wage  increases.  These  are  made  to  be 
in  addition  to  my  wage  adjustment  recom- 
mendations under  Schedules  I  and  II. 

Voluntary  Revocable  Check-off 

The  economic  observation  "You  get  what 
you  pay  for"  can  have  equal  effect  when 
stated,  "You  pay  for  what  you  get".  With 
this  thought  and  from  study  of  the  facts 
I  agree  with  the  earlier  findings  of  Justice 
Rand  in  his  report  which  is  now  known 
as  the  Rand  Formula.  I  feel  that  those 
employees  who  accept  the  wage  rates  and 
other  improved  working  conditions  obtained 
through  the  process  of  collective  bargain- 
ing by  the  union  representing  the  major 
group  of  employees  in  the  particular 
industry  to  which  they  are  attached  should 
be  prepared  to  pay  their  share  of  the  costs 
involved  by  the  union  in  providing  these 
services.  The  Rand  Formula  check-off 
would  provide  these  reluctant  employees 
with  the  opportunity  to  do  "the  right 
thing". 

I  realize  that  unions  have  not  reached 
the  same  national  closed-shop  status  of 
legal  and  other  professions.  However,  I 
feel  that  these  unions  deserve  some  assist- 
ance for  the  assistance  they  offer  to  both 
their  membership  and  the  industry  in- 
volved. I  recommend  that  a  system  of  a 
voluntary-revocable  check-off  be  introduced 
into  the  new  agreement  between  the  com- 
panies and  the  Union  along  the  following 
general  lines: — 

The  Company  will  deduct  from  the  pay 
of  all  Marine  Engineer  Officers  dues 
and  assessments  payable  to  the  Asso- 
ciation upon  the  voluntary,  and  revoc- 
able, authorization  in  writing  of  the 
employed  engineer  concerned  and  will 
forward  the  same  to  the  office  of  the 
National  Association  of  Marine  Engi- 
neers of  Canada,  Inc.,  at  204  Notre 
Dame  West,  Montreal,  on  a  semi- 
annual basis. 


It  will  be  understood  that  the  Association 
and  Marine  Engineer  Officers  will  hold 
harmless  the  Company  in  making  the 
deductions  and  forwarding  same  to  the 
Association's  Montreal  office. 

In  making  the  above  recommendation  I 
am  aware  the  companies  state  in  their 
submission  that  the  compulsory  check-off 
cannot  be  effective  or  valid  under  the 
Canada  Shipping  Act.  You  will  notice 
that  this  recommendation  is  not  compulsory 
but  is  a  voluntary  allotment  made  by  the 
Association  member  to  his  Association. 
And  as  for  the  companies  statement  that 
the  check-off  isn't  necessary,  I  must  say 
that  my  recommendation  is  made  with  the 
full  knowledge  that  a  check-off  is  necessary 
for  the  welfare  of  the  organization  in  con- 
tinuing its  legitimate  functions  of  providing 
necessary  services  to  its  members. 

Continuous  Operation 

Should  the  companies  fail  to  provide 
even  the  limited  union  security  offered  in 
my  recommendation  of  the  introduction 
of  the  voluntary-revocable  check-off  of  dues 
on  a  semi-annual  basis,  I  would  then 
recommend  that  this  section  binding  the 
union  to  give  the  companies  a  form  of 
security  be  stricken  from  the  contract. 

However,  should  the  opposite  prevail  and 
this  limited  union  security  is  provided 
under  the  new  contract,  I  would  then 
recommend  the  continued  inclusion  of  the 
present  "Continuity  of  Work"  clause  in  the 
contract  with  the  following  protective 
addition: — 

No  member  of  the  National  Associa- 
tion of  Marine  Engineers  of  Canada, 
Inc.  will  be  expected  to  cross  a  legal 
picket  line  of  any  other  organization 
if  he  reasonably  apprehends  that  if  he 
does  so  physical  violence  may  be  done 
to  him. 

I  should  think  that  failure  on  the  part 
of  the  companies  to  meet  this  recommenda- 
tion would  mean  that  they  are  fully  pre- 
pared to  completely  underwrite  any  conse- 
quence that  may  happen  a  member  of  the 
Association  if  he  is  required,  under  his 
contract,  to  cross  the  picket  line  of  another 
organization  during  a  period  of  labour 
difficulties  involving  other  organizations. 

Accommodation 

I  would  recommend  the  continuance  at 
present  of  the  clause  presently  in  the  con- 
tract, that  is  clause  10,  with  the  recom- 
mendation that  the  companies  go  so  far 
as  to  make  reasonable  improvements 
where  necessary.  In  this  respect  I  recom- 
mend that  in  cases  where  living  accommo- 
dations    and     conditions     are     considered 


1780 


inadequate  by  the  Association,  and 
where  the  companies  refuse  to  make  the 
necessary  repairs,  that  they  make  a  survey 
of  such  conditions  from  which  a  submission 
would  be  prepared  suggesting  the  desired 
improvements,  and  that  the  companies,  or 
company  involved,  make  a  countering 
submission  of  supporting  reasons  why  it  is 
not  feasible  or  necessary  to  make  the 
requested  changes.  These  submissions 
would  then  be  turned  over  to  a  neutral 
arbitrator  for  study  and  decision.  His 
decision  would  be  final  and  binding  on 
both  parties.  The  arbitrator  to  be  named 
by  title  rather  than  by  person  at  the  time 
of  the  signing  of  the  contract. 

This  recommendation  is  aimed  at  a 
gradual  and  definite  improvement  in 
accommodations  and  living  conditions 
aboard  existing  ships,  it  being  the  feeling 
that  new  and  modern  ships  are  not  in  the 
immediate  offing.  At  least  that  is  the 
impression  left  by  Mr.  Dunkerley  of 
Canada  Steamship  Lines  Limited  when  he 
expressed  the  supporting  opinion  that  new 
ships  "are  a  nice  thing  to  think  about." 

Character  of  Work 

In  the  conditions  presently  in  the  exist- 
ing contract  I  can  find  no  evidence  to 
indicate  that  licensed  personnel  have 
protection  from  being  called  upon  to 
perform  the  duties  of  unlicensed  personnel. 
Neither  do  I  concur  in  the  idea  of 
voluntary  agreement  by  these  engineers 
because  to  refuse  could  conceivably 
jeopardize  his  future  re-employment.  I 
recommend  that  an  additional  clause  be 
included  under  this  section  of  the  contract 
to  provide  that  during  the  periods  of  lay- 
up  and  fit-out  and  on  week-ends  a  fireman 
or  oiler  must  be  available  to  attend  and 
stoke  furnaces  during  the  security  hours. 

4th  Engineers  on  Ships 

It  is  the  companies'  prerogative  to 
endanger  their  physical  investment  in  their 
ships  if  they  so  desire.  But,  it  is  not 
their  prerogative  to  endanger  or  risk 
danger  in  any  way  to  any  member  of  the 
crews  aboard  those  ships.  In  keeping  with 
the  exigencies  of  the  position  and  the 
safety  of  the  personnel  aboard  I  recom- 
mend that  4th  engineers  be  employed 
aboard  all  ships  other  than  canallers,  and 
I  would  recommend  that  serious  considera- 
tion be  given  to  the  placement  of  5th 
engineers  aboard  these  ships  at  a  later 
date  and  that  the  same  thoughts  be  given 
to  canallers  in  respect  to  placing  4th 
engineers  aboard  them. 


Subsistence  Allowance 

I  recommend  that  during  periods  of  lay- 
up  and  fit-out  when  accommodation  is 
not  provided  on  board  ship  the  companies 
will  make  clean  and  adequate  room  and 
board  available  ashore.  However,  should 
the  companies  not  provide  such  room  and 
board  or  should  the  engineers,  or  any  one 
of  them  consider  that  the  room  and  board 
provided  are  not  up  to  the  standard 
expected  he  shall  be  free  to  find  his  own, 
for  which  the  company  will  be  responsible 
for  an  amount  not  exceeding  $7.50  per  day. 

Marine  Disaster 

I  recommend  that  in  the  event  a  Marine 
Engineer  Officer  suffers  loss  of  clothing  and 
personal  effects  through  a  marine  disaster 
or  shipwreck,  while  an  employee  of  the 
company,  he  be  compensated  by  the  pay- 
ment of  three  hundred  and  fifty  dollars 
($350). 

I  would  further  suggest  that  the  Associa- 
tion investigate  the  possibility  of  obtaining 
a  marine  disaster  or  shipwreck  group 
floater  policy  to  cover  its  members  for 
personal  loss  in  excess  of  the  $350 
recommended. 

Change  of  Name 

It  remains  difficult  to  completely  under- 
stand the  companies'  opposition,  as 
expressed  in  their  submission,  to  the 
Change  of  Name,  Affiliation  or  Ownership 
clause  requested  by  the  Association,  espe- 
cially in  consideration  of  the  fact  no  money 
expenditure  on  their  part  is  involved. 

I  recommend  that  this  agreement  security 
clause  requested  by  the  Association  be 
granted. 

Boarding  Passes 

In  view  of  the  reported  difficulties  of 
the  Association  in  obtaining  passes  to  board 
the  ships  of  one  particular  company  to 
service  the  members  of  the  Association  on 
board,  I  recommend  that  the  companies 
agree  to  issue  boarding  passes  to  accredited 
representatives  of  the  Association  to  board 
all  companies'  ships  at  any  port  of  call. 
It  would  be  understood  that  the  Associa- 
tion representative  would  present  his  pass 
to  the  Master  or  the  Officer  in  charge  on 
boarding  the  ship,  and  that  he  would  not 
have  the  right  to  interfere  in  any  way  with 
the  operation  of  the  ship. 

Passenger  Vessels 

I  also  recommend  that  the  Passenger 
Vessels  of  Canada  Steamship  Lines  Limited 
come  within  the  scope  of  this  agreement 
and  that  the   Marine  Engineers  employed 


1781 


aboard  these  vessels  be  paid  a  wage  scale 
at  the  level  of  the  Class  "E"  or  canal 
vessel. 

I  must  state  here  that  I  wasn't  much 
impressed  with  Mr.  Dunkerley's  threat  to 
remove  certain  fringe  benefits  provided  crew 
members  of  these  vessels  if  their  wages 
were  brought  within  the  scope  of  the  agree- 
ment. The  obvious  inference  being  that 
these  were  granted  in  lieu  of  wages.  In 
the  event  he  should  carry  out  this  threat, 
I  would  recommend  that  retroactive  wage 
adjustments  be  made  to  these  crew  mem- 
bers to  compensate  for  the  loss  of-  these 
fringe  benefits. 

Entitlement  and  Definition 

I  suggest  the  use  of  the  term  "Junior 
Engineer  Officer"  is  misleading  and  does 
not  necessarily  convey  the  proper  meaning 
of  the  term.  I  recommend  that  the  term 
"Junior  Engineer  Officer"  be  changed  to 
read  "Marine  Engineer  Officer"  wherever 
it  appears  in  the  contract  and  that  where 
used  it  shall  mean  all  Marine  Engineers 
employed  as  such  by  the  companies  and 
serving  on  their  vessels,  but  shall  not 
include  Chief  Engineer  Officers. 

Conclusion 

In  all  my  recommendations  on  matters 
of  the  dispute  brought  before  the  Board 
I  kept  myself  aware  of  the  interests  of  the 
community.  I  realized  that  the  crew  mem- 
bers of  the  vessels  covered  by  the  contract 
under  dispute  are  also  community  members 
and  likewise  have  rights,  privileges  to  be 
safeguarded,  and  a  human  dignity  which 
comes  above  and  before  all  physical  prop- 
erty rights.  With  these  thoughts  in  mind 
I  tried  to  recommend  fairly  and  justly,  in 
my  opinion. 

In  my  recommendations  I  have  on 
numerous  instances  not  come  up  to  the 
expectations  of  the  Association,  and  equally, 
I  have  not  come  down  to  the  hopes  of  the 
companies. 

I  suggest  to  the  Association  that  they 
consider  well  my  recommendations  and 
accept  them  as  progress.  Time  and  circum- 
stances will  give  them  the  further  progress 
we  feel  they  are  entitled  to. 

I  suggest  to  the  companies  that  they 
will  find  on  examination,  my  recommenda- 
tions merit  their  serious  consideration  and 
acceptance.  I  suggest  also  that  if  they 
examine  all  phases  of  their  operations  and 
their  employees'  needs  that  they  will  con- 
sider themselves  bound  in  conscience,  as 
well  as  social  and  commutative  justice  to 
grant  the  recommendations  I  have  made. 

(Sgd.)  Ken  Green, 
Member. 


This  Agreement  made  the 
day  of  ,  1953,      * 

(hereinafter   called   the   "Company") 
of  the  First  Part 
and 
The  National  Association  of  Marine  Engi- 
neers of  Canada,  Inc.  (Great  Lakes  and 
Eastern  District) 
(hereinafter  called  the  "Association") 
of  the  Second  Part 
Witnesseth  as  follows: — 

1.  Purpose  of  Agreement 

The  general  purpose  of  this  agreement 
is  to  ensure  for  the  Company,  the  Assoc- 
iation and  the  Marine  Engineer  Officers 
covered  hereby  the  full  benefits  of  orderly 
and  legal  collective  bargaining,  and  to 
ensure  to  the  extent  possible  the  safety 
and  physical  welfare  of  such  Marine  Engi- 
neer Officers,  economy  of  operation, 
standards  of  service  and  protection  of  the 
Company's  property.  It  is  recognized  to 
be  the  duty  of  the  Company  and  the 
Association  and  such  Marine  Engineer 
Officers  to  co-operate  fully,  individually 
and  collectively  for  advancing  of  such 
purposes. 

2.  Recognition 

The  Association  is  recognized  to  be  the 
exclusive  bargaining  agent  for  a  unit  of 
the  employees  of  the  Company  comprising 
Marine  Engineer  Officers.  In  this  agree- 
ment "Marine  Engineer  Officers"  shall  mean 
all  Marine  Engineer  Officers  employed  by 
the  Company  and  serving  on  the  Com- 
pany's vessels,  but  shall  not  include  Chief 
Engineer  Officers. 

3.  Continuity  of  Work 

(a)  By  reason  of  the  orderly  procedures 
established  by  this  agreement  for  the 
settlement  of  disputes  and  the  handling  of 
grievances,  it  is  agreed  that  during  the 
term  of  this  agreement: 

(i)  The  Company  shall  not  declare  or 
cause  a  lockout  with  respect  to  any 
Marine  Engineer  Officers;  and 

(ii)  The  Association  shall  not  declare 
or  authorize  a  strike  or  any  work  stop- 
page by  any  Marine  Engineer  Officers. 

(b)  Members  of  the  Association  will  not 
be  expected  to  cross  a  legal  picket  line  of 
any  other  organization  if  the  member 
reasonably  apprehends  that  if  he  does  so 
physical  violence  may  be  done  to  him. 

4.  Preference  of  Employment 

(a)  It  is  understood  that  when  necessary 
to  engage  Marine  Engineer  Officers  who 
have  not  been  previously  employed  by  the 


1782 


Company,  preference  will  be  given  to  mem-  (iii)  Only  payroll  deductions  now  or 
bers  of  the  Association  in  good  standing,  hereafter  required  by  Law,  deductions  of 
or  to  persons  who  have  an  application  for  moneys  due  or  owing  the  Company,  pen- 
membership  before  the  Association,  pro-  sion  deductions  and  deductions  for 
vided  such  men  are  suitable  to  the  Com-  Provident  Fund  shall  be  made  from 
pany.  The  Company  will  encourage  the  wages  prior  to  the  deduction  of  dues. 
Chief  Engineer  to  advise  the  Association  (iv)  The  Company  shall  not  be  respon- 
when  a  vacancy  occurs.  sible  financiaUy  or  otherwise  either  to  the 
(b)  The  actual  selection  and  hiring  of  Association  or  to  any  Marine  Engineer 
Marine  Engineer  Officers  shall  be  at  the  Officer  for  any  failure  to  make  deduc- 
discretion  of  the  Chief  Engineer  and  the  tions  or  for  making  improper  deduc- 
Company.  tions    or    remittances,    however,    in    any 

„    _.      ...           .  _      ,  instance  in  which  an  error  occurs  in  the 

5.  Conditions  of  Employment  amoimt  of  any  deductioris  of  dues  from 

(a)  This  agreement  shall  apply  to  all  a  Marine  Engineer  Officer's  wages,  the 
Marine  Engineer  Officers  employed  by  the  Company  shall  adjust  it  directly  with  the 
Company  who  shall  be  members  in  good  Officer.  In  the  case  of  a  mistake  in  the 
standing  of  the  Association  at  the  expiry  amount  of  remittance  to  the  Associa- 
of  thirty  days  after  the  execution  of  this  tion,  the  Company  shall  adjust  the 
agreement.  amount  in  a  subsequent  remittance. 

(b)  The  Company  will  deduct  from  the  .    (v)  The     Company     and     Association 

pay  of  all  Marine  Engineer  Officers  dues  shall  co-operate  fully  in  defence  of  any 

and  assessments  payable  to  the  Association  action     at     law     against     either     parties 

upon  the  voluntary,  and  revocable,  author-  resulting  from  any  deductions  from  pay- 

ization  in  writing  by  the  Marine  Engineer  rolls  made  by  the  Company  under  this 

concerned,   and  will  forward   the   same   to  agreement.    Each  party  shall  bear  its  own 

the  office  of  the  Association  at  204  Notre  cost  of  such  defence. 

Dame    West,    Montreal   on    a   semi-annual  #  %  -^      TT      A/r     .  „      t?„„;„««„      nffl™,. 

,      .  (c)  Every      Marine      Engineer      Officer 

employed  must  carry  a  Canadian  Seaman's 

(i)  The  payroll  dues  deduction  author-  Identification  Card 

ization  shall  be  in  the  following  form:  (d)  Nq    Marine  '  Engineer    officer    shall 

"National  Association  of  Marine  Engineers  be    employed    on    any    of    the    Company's 

of  Canada,  Inc.  ships  unless  he  shall  have  signed  and  had 

(Great  Lakes  and  Eastern  District)  witnessed  in  duplicate  the  following  state- 
ment: 

(Surname)  "I    hereby    certify    that    I    am    not    a 

member,  sympathizer  with  or  support 

(Christian  Name(s)  )  the    Communist    or    Fascist    Party    of 

I  hereby  authorize  the Canada,     or     any     organization     that 

(Employing  Company)  advocates    the    overthrow    of    Govern- 
to  deduct  from  my  pay  on  a  semi-annual  ment  by  force  or  violence." 
basis,  dues  and  assessments  as  a  member  „     .         ,  ,.        ,                                 .,,   , 
of   the   above   Association   at   the   rate   of  ' Copies   of  the   above  statemeIlt  Wl11  be 

per  month,  or  at  such  rate  as  may  filed>  one  Wlth  the  Company  and  one  with 

be  from  time  to  time  authorized  in  accord-  the  Association. 

ance  with  the  constitutional  provisions  of  e    tt            c  wt    i 

,,..,.              ,    ,             .f  .,  6.  Hours  of  Work 
the  Association,  and  to  remit   the   money 

thus  withheld  to  the  above  Association  in  ^  Effective   at  signing  of   agreement- 
accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  agreement  48  hours  per  week; 
signed    between    the     Company    and    the  Effective     from     March     1,     1954 — ■ 
Association.     This  authorization  shall  con-  44  hours  per  week; 
tinue  in  effect  during  my  term  of  employ-  Effective     from     August     1,     1954— 
ment  with  the  Company.  40  hours  per  week> 

Signature (b)  For  the  period  from  the  signing  of 

Address    this  agreement  until  August    1,    1954,   the 

j)ate   #                                                   195        »  following    hours    per    week    shall    be    the 

(iiV  One'  copy  'of  'the  'above  'author'iza-  hours    of_  work    under    the    circumstances 

tion  shall  be  forwarded  to  the  Company  indicated: 

and    one    copy    shall    be    kept    by    the  (i)  40   hours   per   week   during   fit-out 

Association.  and  lay-up; 


1783 


(ii)  40  hours  per  week  while  the  ship 
is  in  port; 

(iii)  8  hours  per  day  while  the  ship  is 
at  sea. 

(c)  The  daily  working  hours  shall  be  8 
per  day. 

(d)  Time  in  excess  of  the  above 
schedules  shall  be  worked  at  the  discre- 
tion of  the  Chief  Engineer  Officer,  who 
shall  call  for  such  work  only  in  case  of 
emergency;  routine  maintenance  shall  be 
carried  on  during  normal  watches. 

7.  Overtime 

(a)  Premium  rates  shall  be  paid  for  all 
hours  worked  in  excess  of  the  following 
schedule : 

(i)  For  all  work  performed  beyond  8 
hours  per  day; 

(ii)  For  maintenance  work  performed 
in  port  other  than  regular  watchkeeping ; 

(iii)  For  all  work  performed  on  Sunday 
from  the  signing  of  this  contract  until 
March  1,  1954; 

(iv)  For  all  work  performed  on  Satur- 
day afternoon  and  Sunday  from  March  1, 
1954,  until  August  1,  1954; 

(v)  For  all  work  performed  on  Satur- 
day and  Sunday  after  August  1,  1954. 

(b)  The  premium  rates  for  the  overtime 
performed  under  i,  ii,  iii,  iv  and  v  above 
shall  be  on  the  following  basis: 


(i)  The  premium  rates  for  subsections 
i  and  ii  of  section  (a)  above  shall  be 
one  and  one-half  times  the  normal  hourly 
rate  of  pay  for  the  first  four  hours  and 
double  the  normal  hourly  rate  for  each 
continuous  hour  or  fraction  thereof. 

(ii)  Double  the  normal  hourly  rate  of 
pay  for  all  work  performed  on  Sunday. 

(iii)  Time  and  one-half  the  normal 
hourly  rate  for  all  work  performed  after 
noon  on  Saturday  from  March  1,  1954, 
until  August  1,  1954. 

(iv)  Double  the  normal  hourly  rate  of 
pay  for  all  work  performed  on  Satur- 
day or  Sunday  after  August   1,  1954. 

(c)  When  a  Marine  Engineer  Officer  is 
called  upon  to  perform  work  during  a 
designated  overtime  period  he  shall  receive 
pay  for  a  minimum  of  4  hours  at  the 
agreed  upon  overtime  premium  rates. 

(d)  The  premium  rate  for  work  per- 
formed on  designated  Statutory  Holidays 
shall  be  double  the  normal  hourly  rate  of 
pay  for  the  hours  actually  worked  on  that 
day  and  double  the  normal  hourly  rate  for 
the  remainder  of  the  normal  number  of 
hours  that  the  Marine  Engineer  Officer 
would  have  worked  if  it  had  not  been  a 
holiday. 

(e)  The  following  shall  be  the  normal 
hourly  rates  of  pay  for  computing  premium 
rates  for  the  purpose  of  overtime  payment: 


Class 

At 
Signing 

March  1, 
1954 

August  1, 
1954 

Class  "E" 

Canallers                                                                                  * 

2nd 

$ 

1.77 
1.52 
1.37 

1.87 
1.57 
1.47 

1.87 
1.57 
1.47 

1.92 
1.57 
1.49 

2.00 
1.60 
1.49 
1.39 

% 

2.00 
1.71 
1  54 

2.11 
1.77 
1.66 

2.11 
1.77 
1.66 

2.17 
1.77 
1.69 

2.26 
1.80 
1.69 
1.55 

$ 

2.25 

3rd 

1.93 

4th 

1.75 

Class  "D" 
6,000-9,000  tons 

2nd 

2.39 

3rd 

2.01 

4th 

1.87 

Class  "C" 
9,000-12,000  tons 

2nd 

2.39 

3rd 

2.01 

4th 

1.S7 

Class  "B" 
12,000-18,000  tons 

2nd 

3rd 

2.45 
2.01 

4th 

1.91 

Class  "A" 
Over  18,000  tons 

2nd 

2.55 

3rd 

2.04 

4th 

1.91 

5th  . .                                                                                                           

1.76 

1784 


These    normal    hourly    rates    of    pay    are 

determined   in   the   following   manner: 

(i)  For  the  rate  effective  from  the 
signing  of  this  agreement — by  dividing 
the  monthly  salary  outlined  in  Article  8 
by  208  hours; 

(ii)  For  the  rate  effective  from  March 
1,  1954 — by  dividing  the  monthly  salary 
outlined  in  Article  8  by  190  hours;  and 
(iii)  For  the  rate  effective  from  August 
1,  1954 — by  dividing  the  monthly  salary 
outlined  in  Article  8  by  173  hours, 
(e)  It   is   agreed   that   all   overtime   pay 

adjustments  will  be  made   at  the  end  of 

each  pay-month. 


(f)  All  overtime  shall  be  worked  at  the 
discretion  of  the  Chief  Engineer  Officer. 

(g)  No  overtime  will  be  paid  in  cases 
of  emergency,  which  shall  mean  any  duties 
performed  for  the  safety  of  the  vessel  at 
sea  or  in  port  and  safety  of  boilers  and 
running  machinery  in  port. 

8.  Rates  of  Pay 

All  work  performed  hereunder  shall  be 
paid  for  on  a  monthly  basis.  The  com- 
parable hourly  basis  shall  be  as  outlined 
in  Article  7.  The  monthly  basis  shall  be 
as  follows: 


Class 

March  1, 
1953 

Effective 

from 
March  1, 

1954 

August    1, 
1954 

Class  "E" 
Canallers 

2nd 

$ 

367.20 
315.40 
284.10 

388.80 
326.70 
305.10 

388.80 
326.70 
305.10 

399.60 
326.70 
310.50 

415  80 
332.10 
310.50 
286  20 

$ 

380.80 
327.10 
295.10 

403.20 
338.80 
316.40 

403.20 
338.80 
316.40 

414.40 
338.80 
322.00 

431  20 
344.40 
322.00 
296.80 

391.00 

3rd 

335.86 

4th 

303.37 

Class  "D" 

2nd 

414.00 

3rd 

347.87 

4th 

324.87 

Class  "C" 

2nd 

414.00 

3rd 

347.87 

4th 

324.87 

Class  "B" 

2nd 

425.50 

3rd 

347.87 

4th 

330.62 

Class  "A" 
Over  18,000  tons 

2nd 

442  75 

3rd 

353.62 

4th 

330.62 

5th 

304  75 

(b)  It  is  agreed  that  in  the  event  of 
any  upward  revision  of  the  wage  rate 
paid  the  unlicensed  after  March  1,  1953, 
the  percentage  wage  differential  existing 
between  the  unlicensed  and  the  Marine 
Engineer  Officers  at  that  date  will  be 
maintained  by  any  necessary  revision  of 
the  wage  schedule  under  this  Article. 

(c)  The  present  premium  now  being 
paid  on  self-loaders  will  be  maintained. 

(d)  Third  and  Fourth  Marine  Engineer 
Officers  without  a  certificate  and  working 
on  permits  may  be  paid  $10  less  per  month. 

9.  Trade  School  Assistance 

At  the  end  of  its  navigation  season  the 
Company  will  contribute  the  sum  of  $4.50 
per  day  to  any  Marine  Engineer  Officer 
in  its  employment  to  assist  him  in  meeting 
living  expenses  while  attending  an  approved 
trade  school  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining 
an  improved  engineers'  certificate. 


These  trade  schools  will  be  conducted 
during  the  off-navigation  season  between 
lay-up  and  fit-out. 

Marine  Engineer  Officers  qualifying  for 
this  Trade  School  assistance  will  agree  to 
attend  these  schools  for  the  duration  of 
the  off-season  school  term. 

It  is  agreed  by  the  Association  that 
Marine  Engineer  Officers  must  pass  any 
qualifying  examinations  set  by  the  school 
during  any  term  of  attendance  before 
qualifying  for  additional  assistance  in  any 
succeeding  year  or  off-navigation  period. 

10.  Incentive  Bonus 

In  addition  to  and  independent  of 
promotional  pay  or  position  held,  the 
following  incentive  bonus  scale  shall  apply 
to  all  Marine  Engineer  Officers  obtaining 
improved  certification  above  that  of  a  4th 
Class  Certificate: 

(i)  For  advancement  from  4th  to  3rd 

class    certificate    a    bonus    of    $2.50    per 

month; 


1785 


(ii)  For  advancement  from  3rd  to  2nd 
class  certificate  a  bonus  of  $5  per  month; 

(iii)  For  advancement  from  2nd  to  1st 
class  certificate  a  bonus  of  $10  per  month. 

11.  Living  Conditions  Aboard  Ship 

(a)  Where  accommodation  is  available, 
every  Marine  Engineer  Officer  shall  have 
living  quarters  aboard  ship  in  line  with 
the  position  he  holds. 

(b)  Where  adequate  living  accommoda- 
tion is  not  available  the  Company  agrees 
to  make  every  effort  to  provide  such 
accommodation. 

(c)  In  cases  where  accommodations  and 
conditions  are  considered  inadequate  by 
the  Association,,  and  where  the  Company 
does  not  make  the  necessary  or  requested 
repairs : 

(i)  The  Association  will  make  a  survey 
of  such  inadequate  accommodations  or 
conditions  from  which  a  submission  will 
be  made  supporting  the  original  request 
for  improvements; 

(ii)  The  Company  will  prepare  a 
countering  submission  of  supporting 
reasons  why  it  will  not  be  feasible  or 
necessary  to  make  the  requested  changes ; 

(iii)  Within  10  days  after  the  original 
■request  by  the  Association  for  such 
improvements  in  accommodations  or  con- 
ditions, the  submissions  outlined  in  (i) 
and  (ii)  of  this  section  shall  be  sub- 
mitted to  an  independent  arbitrator  for 
study  and  decision,  which  shall  be  given 
within  14  days  after  receipt  of  the  sub- 
missions and  shall  be  binding  to  both 
parties ; 

(iv)  It  is  agreed  that  the  independent 
arbitrator  in  such  cases  shall  be 

12.  Subsistence  Allowance 

The  Company  agrees  to  provide  room 
and  board  ashore  for  Marine  Engineer 
Officers  when  such  accommodations  are  not 
provided  on  board  ship. 

Should  the  Company  not  provide  such 
room  and  board  or  should  the  Marine  Engi- 
neer Officers  or  any  one  of  them  consider 
the  room  and  board  provided  not  up  to 
the  standard  expected,  he  shall  be  free  to 
find  his  own,  for  which  the  Company  will 
be  responsible  for  an  amount  not  exceed- 
ing $7.50  per  day  in  the  case  of  the  Marine 
Engineer  Officer  away  from  his  home  port, 
and  $3.50  per  day  in  the  case  of  the  Marine 
Engineer  Officer  in  his  home  port. 

13.  Transportation  Costs 

When  a  Marine  Engineer  Officer  is 
engaged  for  a  vessel  away  from  his  home 
port  and  has  served  the  Company  con- 
tinuously  aboard    ship    from    the    time    of 


spring  fit-out  to  completion  of  lay-up  in 
the  fall,  or  has  been  absent  during  this 
period  for  reasons  satisfactory  to  the  Chief 
Engineer  and  the  Company,  or  signs  on 
a  Company  vessel  after  the  time  of  spring 
fit-out  as  a  replacement,  the  Company 
agrees  to  pay  reasonable  transportation 
costs  to  and  from  his  home  not  exceeding 
a  distance  of  500  miles,  though,  at  the 
discretion  of  the  Chief  Engineer  and  the 
Company,  a  further  distance  may  be 
allowed.  These  costs  to  include  first  class 
passage,  meals  and  berth.  In  case  of 
discharge  for  cause  or  leaving  the  ship  for 
personal  reasons,  all  travelling  costs  shall 
be  borne  by  the  employee. 

14.  Vacations  with  Pay 

(a)  Marine  Engineer  Officers  who  have 
served  continuously  aboard  their  ships  or 
other  ships  of  the  Company  from  the 
time  of  the  fit-out  to  the  completion  of 
lay-up  in  the  fall,  or  who  have  been  absent 
during  this  period  for  reasons  satisfactory 
to  the  Chief  Engineer  and  the  Company, 
shall  have  accruing  to  them  and  payable 
at  the  end  of  the  season  in  lieu  of  vaca- 
tions during  the  season  sixteen  (16)  days' 
pay,  plus  one  additional  day's  pay  for  each 
year's  continuous  service  in  excess  of  five 
(5)  years. 

(b)  Considering  shorter  periods  of  service 
such  Marine  Engineer  Officers  shall  like- 
wise be  entitled  to  one  day's  pay  for  each 
month's  work  in  lieu  of  vacation,  provided 
they  shall  have  worked  a  minimum  of  six 
months  at  the  completion  of  lay-up. 

15.  Statutory  Holidays 

The  following  days  are  to  be  recognized 
as  Statutory  Holidays  while  the  ship  is 
in  operation: 

Christmas  Day 

New  Year's  Day 

Good  Friday 

Dominion  Day 

Queen's  Birthday 

Thanksgiving  Day 

Empire  Day 

Labour  Day. 

On  Statutory  Holidays  while  the  ship  is 
in  operation  only  routine  operational  duties 
shall  be  performed  "except  while  the  ship 
is  in  drydock  or  entering  or  leaving 
drydock. 

16.  Seniority 

(a)  A  Seniority  List  is  compiled  by  the 
Company  and  will  be  revised  at  the 
beginning  of  each  season.  Such  list  will 
show  names,  positions  and  date  of  last 
entry  into  service  in  seniority  will 
accumulate. 


1786 


(b)  The  name  of  a  newly  employed 
Marine  Engineer  Officer  shall  be  placed  on 
the  Seniority  List  immediately. 

(c)  A  copy  of  the  Seniority  List  will  be 
open  for  scrutiny  by  the  Marine  Engineer 
Officers  currently  employed  by  the  Com- 
pany or  any  accredited  officer  of  the 
Association  during  office  hours  at  the  head 
office  of  the  Company. 

17.  Promotions 

It  is  mutually  agreed  that  promotions 
shall  be  based  on  ability,  qualifications 
and  merit,  and  in  cases  where  these  are 
equal,  preference  shall  be  given  to 
employees  with  the  greatest  seniority  of 
service. 

18.  Character  of  Work 

(a)  The  work  of  all  Marine  Engineer 
Officers  shall  be  under  the  direction  of  the 
Chief  Engineer. 

(b)  Except  in  emergency,  Marine  Engi- 
neer Officers  will  be  required  to  do  only 
the  work  and  perform  the  duties  normally 
expected  of  one  of  his  rank. 

(c)  During  the  periods  of  lay-up  and 
fit-out  and  on  week-ends  a  fireman  or 
oiler  will  be  available  to  attend  and  stoke 
furnaces  during  the  security  hours. 

19.  4th  Engineers 

The  Company  agrees  to  employ  4th 
engineers  on  all  ships  other  than  canallers. 

20.  Boarding  Passes 

(a)  The  Company  shall  issue  passes  to 
authorized  representatives  of  the  Associa- 
tion. These  passes  shall  cover  all  vessels 
of  the  Company  and  shall  remain  in  force 
from  the  date  of  issue  until  the  Company 
issues  new  passes  and  shall  be  honoured 
by  the  vessel's  Master  or  Officer  in  charge 
at  all  ports  of  call  of  the  vessels. 

(b)  The  Association  representative  shall 
present  his  pass  on  boarding  the  vessel 
to  the  Master  or  Officer  in  charge. 

(c)  The  Association  representatives  shall 
have  the  right  to  engage  in  negotiations 
with  the  Chief  Engineer  of  the  vessel  in 
respect  to  any  dispute  of  grievance,  but 
shall  not  have  the  right  to  interfere  in  any 
way  with  the  operation  of  the  vessel. 

(d)  Before  receiving  a  Boarding  Pass  the 
Association  representative  must  provide  the 
Company  with  a  waiver  of  any  claim  for 
any  damage  resulting  from  any  accident 
or  injury  in  or  about  Company  property. 

21.  Marine  Disaster 

The  Company  agrees  that  in  the  event 
a  Marine  Engineer  Officer  suffers  loss  of 
clothing    and    personal    effects    through    a 


marine  disaster  or  shipwreck,  while  an 
employee  of  the  Company,  the  Company 
will  reimburse  him  by  the  payment  of 
$350  upon  receipt  of  a  declaration  of  loss. 

22.  Change  of  Name 

It  is  agreed  that  should  the  Association 
change  its  name  or  affiliation  or  the  Com- 
pany change  its  name  or  ownership,  the 
terms  of  this  agreement  shall  be  binding 
upon  the  Association  and  the  Company 
upon  whatever  names,  affiliation  or  owner- 
ship they  may  later  be  classed. 

23.  Grievance  Procedure 

Grievances  shall  not  be  subject  to 
remedy  except  in  accordance  with  the 
following  procedure: 

(a)  a  Marine  Engineer  Officer  (herein- 
after called  the  "complainant")  who  has  a 
grievance  shall  reduce  the  same  to  writing 
and  deliver  it  to  his  Chief  Engineer 
Officer; 

(b)  within  forty-eight  (48)  hours  after 
receipt  of  the  grievance  the  Chief  Engineer 
Officer  shall  deliver  to  the  complainant  his 
written  decision  with  respect  to  the 
grievance  ; 

(c)  if  the  complainant  is  not  satisfied 
with  such  decision  he  may  so  advise  the 
Association,  which  shall  have  seven  (7) 
days  after  receipt  by  the  complainant  of 
such  decision  to  give  written  notice  to  the 
Company  that  the  Association  wishes  to 
discuss  the  grievance  with  the  Company; 

(d)  as  soon  as  possible  after  receipt  of 
such  notice  by  the  Company,  and  in  any 
event  within  two  (2)  weeks  thereafter, 
representatives  of  the  Association  and  the 
Company  shall  meet  at  the  head  office  of 
the  Company  to  discuss  the  grievance; 

(e)  either  the  Association  or  the  Com- 
pany shall  have  the  right  to  request 
arbitration  of  the  grievance  at  any  time 
within  two  (2)  weeks  after  the  first  such 
meeting  between  representatives  of  the 
Association  and  the  Company  if  the 
grievance  has  not  heretofore  been  settled 
to  the  satisfaction  of  the  complainant  and 
the  Association. 

24.  Arbitration 

Upon  the  written  request  of  either  party 
made  within  the  time  limited  by  subsec- 
tion (e)  of  Article  23,  any  grievance 
involving  the  interpretation  or  alleged 
violation  of  any  provision  of  this  agree- 
ment and  which  has  not  been  settled  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  Association  and  the 
Company  by  conference  or  negotiation, 
may  be  submitted  to  an  arbitration 
board.     Matters  involving  any  request  for 


1787 


a  modification  of  this  agreement  or  which  and  the  fees  and  expenses  of  the  Chairman 
are  not  covered  by  this  agreement  shall  shall  be  divided  equally  between  the  Com- 
be subject  to  arbitration.  pany  and  the  Association. 

The   Arbitration   Board   shall   consist   of  If    either   Party   shall    refuse    or   neglect 

three     members,     whereof     one     shall     be  to    comply    with    the    provisions    of    this 

selected    by    the    Association    and    one   by  Article  24  the   other  party  may  apply  to 

the  Company,  and  the  third,  who  shall  be  the     Canada     Labour     Relations     Board, 

the    Chairman,    shall    be    selected    by    the  which    maY   amend   the   procedure   in   this 

two  first  mentioned  members  of  the  Board.  Article  set  out  as  it  may  deem  appropriate. 

The  members  to  be  selected  by  the  Asso-  25   Notices 

ciation  and  the  Company  respectively  shall  Any   nQtice    Qr             gt   tQ   be     iyen   Qr 

be   named   withm   fifteen    (15)    days    after  made    tQ    the    Association   hereunder    may 

the  request  for  arbitration  shall  have  been  be  yalidly  giyen  by  maiKn     the  same  by 

made,  and  the  Chairman  shall  be  selected  prepaid    ordinary   post   to   the    Association 

within  thirty   (30)    days  from  the  making  at  Room  46   2Q4  Notre  Dame  gtreet  Wegt> 

of   such   request,     In   the    event   that   the  Montreal)  Quebec>  and  any  such  notice  or 

said  two  members  selected  by  the  Associa-  requegt  tQ  be  giyen  tQ  the  Company  may 

tion   and   the   Company   respectively   shall  be  vaHdly     iyen  by  maiU       the  game  by 

fail  within  the   said   thirty  day  period  to  id  ordinary  post  to  the  Company  at 

agree  upon   the   selection   of   a   Chairman,  itg  head  0fgce 
the    matter    may    be    referred    by    either 

member    to    the    Minister    of    Labour    of  26.  Clause  Paramount 

Canada  who  shall  select  and  designate  the  Nothing  contained  in  this  agreement  shall 

Chairman.  be  so  construed  as  to  effect  the  obligations 

In    the    event    of    any    vacancy    on    the  of  both  parties  to  adhere  to  the  provisions 

Board     occurring     by     reason     of     death,  of  employment  as  set  out  in  the  Canada 

incapacity  or  resignation,  or  for  any  other  Shipping  Act,  1934,  as  amended,  or  other 

reason,  such  vacancy  shall  be  filled  in  the  Government  legislation   or  regulation,  nor 

same  manner  as  is  provided  herein  for  the  to   impair  in  any  manner  whatsoever  the 

establishment    of    the    Board    in    the    first  absolute  authority  of  the  Master. 

instance-                              .                            .  27.  Interpretation 

A  statement  of  the  dispute  or  question  Except  where  the  context  requires  other- 

to    be    arbitrated    shall    be    submitted    by  wiS6j  au  wor(js  and  expressions  used  herein 

both   parties,   either   jointly   or  separately,  snall  have  the  meaning  ascribed  to  them 

to  all  members  of  the  Board  within  five  by  the  industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 

(5)  days  of  the  appointment  of  the  Chair-  Investigation  Act  of  Canada, 
man.    The  Arbitration  Board  shall  convene 

within  fifteen  (15)  days  after  the  appoint-  28.  Duration  of  Agreement, 

ment    of    the    Chairman,    unless    otherwise  This  Agreement  shall  be  in  effect  from 

mutually  agreed  by  the  parties,  and  shall  the  1st  day  of  March,  1953,  to  the  28th  day 

render   its   decision   as   soon   thereafter   as  of  February  1955. 

possible.  In   Witness  Whereof  the   parties  hereto 

The    decision    of    the    Board    shall    be  have  executed  these  presents, 

limited    to    the    dispute    or    question    con-  Dated  at 
tained    in    the    statement    or    statements 
submitted     to     it    by    the     parties.      The 
decision  of  the  Arbitration  Board  shall  not 
change,    add    to,    vary    or    disregard    any 

provision  of  this  agreement.  Witness 

Decisions  of  the  majority  of  the   mem- 
bers of  the   Arbitration  Board,  which   are       

made  under  the  authority  of  this  Arbitra-  National  Association  of  Marine  Engineers 

tion    Clause.,    shall    be    final    and    binding  0f  Canada,  Inc.  (Great  Lakes  and 

upon  the  Company,  the  Association  and  all  Eastern  District), 
persons  concerned. 

The   expenses,   if   any,   of   the   members       

of  the  Arbitration  Board  shall  be  paid  as 

follows :  The  Association  shall  pay  the  fees       

and  expenses  of  the   member  selected  by  Witness 

it;    the   Company  shall  pay   the  fees   and 

expenses    of    the    member   selected    by   it ;        


1788 


Note: 

This  draft  Agreement  shall  apply  to  the 
following  Companies: 

Colonial  Steamships,  Limited; 
N.  M.  Paterson  &  Sons,  Limited; 
Upper   Lakes   &   St.   Lawrence   Trans- 
portation Company,  Limited. 
This  draft  Agreement  shall  also  apply  to 
the  Canada  Steamship  Lines  Limited  with 
the  following  Article  to  follow  Article  21 
of  this  draft: 

22.  Passenger  Vessels 

The  Company  agrees  that  the  Passenger 
Vessels  of  their  line  shall  come  within  the 
scope  of  this  Agreement,  and  that  Marine 


Engineer    Officers    employed    aboard    these 
vessels  be  paid  a  wage  scale  at  the  level 
of  the  Class  "E"  or  Canal  Vessel. 
Article  22  of  the  draft  Agreement  then 

becomes  Article  23; 
Article  23  of  the  draft  Agreement  then 

becomes  Article  24; 
Article  24  of  the  draft  Agreement  then 

becomes  Article  25; 
Article  25  of  the  draft  Agreement  then 

becomes  Article  26; 
Article  26  of  the  draft  Agreement  then 

becomes  Article  27; 
Article  27  of  the  draft  Agreement  then 

becomes  Article  28. 


Report  of  Board  in  Dispute  between 

Brookland  Company  Limited  (Radio  Station  CKWS) 

and 

National  Association  of  Broadcast  Engineers  and 

Technicians 


The  Board,  Mr.  Eric  G.  Taylor,  Chair- 
man, Mr.  Joseph  Sedgwick,  QC,  Nominee 
of  the  Employer,  and  Mr.  Miller  Stewart, 
Nominee  of  the  Union,  sat  for  the  hearing 
of  this  matter  at  the  King  Edward  Hotel, 
Toronto,  Ontario,  on  the  20th  and  the  26th 
days  of  August  1953. 

There  appeared  for  the  Employer:  Mr. 
D.  C.  Cunningham,  QC,  Counsel,  and  Mr.  R. 
Hofstetter,  Mgr.  of  Radio  Station  CKWS. 

There  appeared  for  the  Union:  Mr. 
David  Lewis,  Counsel,  Mr.  T.  G'Sullivan, 
International  Representative,  and  Mr.  J. 
Chorley,  Chairman  of  the  Local  Committee 
of  the  Union. 

The  Union  is  the  Bargaining  Agent  for 
16  persons  in  the  employ  of  the  Employer, 
of  whom  5  are  women  and  11  are  men. 

This  dispute  arose  out  of  the  failure  of 
the  parties  to  agree  upon  the  provisions  of 
the  first  Collective  Agreement  to  be  made 
between  them.  At  the  commencement  of 
these  proceedings  there  were  several 
matters  in  issue,  the  most  important  of 
which  might  be  listed  under  the  following 
subject  captions: — 

Union  Security         *  Wages 

Hours  of  Work  Statutory   Holidays 

Seniority  Vacations. 

Jurisdiction 


On  October  19,  1953,  the  Minister 
of  Labour  received  the  unanimous 
reports  of  the  Boards  of  Conciliation 
and  Investigation  appointed  to  deal 
with  matters  in  dispute  between  the 
National  Association  of  Broadcast  Engi- 
neers and  Technicians  and  Brookland 
Company  Limited  (Radio  Station 
CKWS,  Kingston,  Ont.,  and  Radi© 
Station    CHEX,   Peterborough,   Ont*) 

The  Boards  were  under  the  chairman- 
ship of  Eric  G.  Taylor,  Toronto,  who 
was  appointed  by  the  Minister  on  the 
joint  recommendation  of  the  other 
members  of  the  Boards,  Joseph  Sedg- 
wick, QC,  Toronto,  and  Miller  Stewart, 
Sturgeon  Point,  Ont.,  nominees  to  both 
Boards,  of  the  employer  and  union 
respectively. 

The  Boards  reported  that  agreement 
has  been  effected  on  all  of  the  matters 
in  issue. 

The  texts  of  the  reports  are  reproduced 
below. 


1789 


The  Board  is  pleased  to  report  that  as 
a  result  of  concessions  made  by  both 
parties  to  this  dispute,  that  agreement  has 
been  effected  on  all  matters  in  issue,  and 
that  the  parties  have  entered  into  a 
Collective  Agreement  dated  11th  September 
1953  which  will  remain  in  force  for  a  period 
of  one  year. 


Respectfully  submitted. 

(Sgd.)  Eric  G.  Taylor, 

Chairman. 
(Sgd.)  J.  Sedgwick, 

Nominee  of  the  Employer 
(Sgd.)  Miller  Stewart, 

Nominee  of  the  Union. 
Dated  at  Toronto,  Ontario,  13th  October 


1953. 


Report  of  Board  in  Dispute  between 

Brookland  Company  Limited  (Radio  Station  CHEX) 

and 

National  Association  of  Broadcast  Engineers  and 

Technicians 


The  Board,  Mr.  Eric  G.  Taylor,  Chair- 
man, Mr.  Joseph  Sedgwick,  QC,  Nominee 
of  the  Employer,  and  Mr.  Miller  Stewart, 
Nominee  of  the  Union,  sat  for  the  hearing 
of  this  matter  at  Toronto,  Ontario,  on  the 
21st  September  1953.  After  private  discus- 
sions with  representatives  of  the  respective 
parties,  the  Board  met  again  on  the 
2nd  October  1953. 

There  appeared  for  the  Employer:  Mr. 
T.  J.  Carley,  QC,  Counsel,  and  Mr.  D.  R. 
Lawrie,  Manager  of  Radio  Station  CHEX. 

There  appeared  for  the  Union:  Mr. 
David  Lewis,  Counsel,  and  Mr.  T. 
O'Sullivan,   International   Representative. 

The  Union  is  the  Bargaining  Agent  for 
15  persons  in  the  employ  of  the  Employer, 
of  whom  4  are  women  and  11  are  men. 

This  dispute  arose  out  of  the  failure  of 
the  parties  to  agree  upon  the  provisions  of 


the  first  Collective  Agreement  to  be  made 
between    them.      Specifically    the    matters 
referred  to  this  Board  were  as  follows: — 
Wages 

Jurisdiction  of  the  Union 
Union  Security. 
The  Board  is  pleased  to  report  that  as 
a    result    of    concessions    made    by    both 
parties  to  this  dispute,  that  agreement  has 
been  effected  on  all  of  the  matters  in  issue 
and  that  a  new  Collective  Agreement  for 
a  term  of  one  year  is  being  entered  into 
by  the  parties  forthwith. 
Respectfully  submitted. 

(Sgd.)  Eric  G.  Taylor, 

Chairman. 
(Sgd.)  J.  Sedgwick, 

Nominee  of  the  Employer. 
(Sgd.)  Miller  Stewart, 

Nominee  of  the  Union. 
Dated  at  Toronto,  Ontario,  10th  October 
1953. 


Canadian  Railway  Boar 
Releases  Decisions 

The  Canadian  Railway  Board  of  Adjust- 
ment No.  1  has  released  its  decisions  in 
three  cases  heard  September  15,  1953. 
(Publication  in  the  Labour  Gazette  of 
cases  heard  January  13,  April  14  and 
June  9  was  delayed  until  the  October 
issue  (p.  1494)  as  a  result  of  a  combina- 
tion of  factors  over  which  the  editors  had 
no  control.) 

The  three  disputes  concerned:  an  engi- 
neer's claim  for  payment  on  the  basis  of 
20  miles  per  hour  instead  of  12|  miles  per 
hour  on  a  short  passenger  run ;  the  severity 
of  discipline  awarded  a  conductor  in  con- 
nection with  a  derailment;  and  the  opera- 


d  of  Adjustment  No.  1 
in  Three  Recent  Cases 

tion  of  diesel  locomotives  in  yard  service 
without  helpers. 

The  Board  partially  sustained  the 
employees'  claims  in  the  second  case  but 
did  not  sustain  them  in  the  first  and  third. 

The  three  disputes  are  summarized 
below. 

Case  No,  638 — Dispute  between  Cana- 
dian Pacific  Railway  (Prairie  Region)  and 
the  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Engineers 
concerning  an  engineer's  claim  for  pay- 
ment on  the  basis  of  20  miles  per  hour  on 
a  passenger  run. 

An  engineer  on  an  assigned  passenger 
run      claimed      preparatory      time,     initial 


1790 


terminal  delay,  final  terminal  delay  and 
inspection  time  on  the  basis  of  20  miles 
per  hour.  Payment  was  made  on  the  basis 
of  12^  miles  per  hour. 

The  employees  argued  that  an  article 
in  the  Engineers'  Schedule  supports  the 
engineer's  claim  for  payment  on  the  basis 
of  20  miles  per  hour. 

The  Company  contended  that  the  present 
method  of  payment  in  such  cases,  that  is, 
on  the  basis  of  12^  miles  per  hour,  has  been 
in  effect  since  1931  and  has  never  before 
been  questioned.  Furthermore,  the  com- 
pany asserted,  it  is  consistent  with  the 
interpretation  placed  on  the  Schedule  by 
the  Canadian  Railway  Board  of  Adjust- 
ment No.  1  in  Case  No.  565. 

After  hearing  further  evidence  from  both 
parties,  the  Board  declined  to  sustain  the 
employees'  claim. 

Case  No.  639 — Dispute  between  the 
Algoma  Central  and  Hudson  Bay  Railway 
Company  and  the  Brotherhood  of  Railroad 
Trainmen  concerning  the  severity  of  discip- 
line awarded  a  conductor  in  connection 
with  a  derailment. 

A  train  consisting  of  61  loads  and  seven 
empties,  including  caboose,  derailed  26  cars 
down  an  embankment  on  a  12-degree  curve. 
The  curve  is  protected  by  a  reflector  type 
permanent  slow  sign  reading  "20  miles  per 
hour"  and  is  noted  in  the  working  Time 
Table.  The  conductor  was  suspended  for 
two  months  and  assessed  50  demerit  marks 
for  failing  to  take  action  to  control  exces- 
sive speed  of  the  train. 

The  conductor  stated  that  bad  weather 
prevented  him  from  estimating  the  speed 
of  the  train.  He  noted  the  application  of 
the  air  brakes  by  the  engineer  and  con- 
cluded everything  was  in  order  as  the  train 
approached  the  curve. 

The  employees  argued  the  conductor 
could  not  have  done  any  more  than  was 
being  done  by  the  engineer  in  applying 
the  brakes  from  the  engine.  They 
requested  that  the  Board  consider  the 
discipline  and  that  the  conductor  be  paid 
for  time  lost  and  the  50  demerits  be 
removed  from  his  record. 

The  Company  argued  that  speed  tape 
recorders  in  the  three  diesel  units  pulling 
the  train  showed  a  speed  of  40  miles  per 
hour  on  entering  the  slow  zone.  The  con- 
ductor, seated  in  the  cupola  of  the  caboose, 
should  have  made  use  of  the  radio  tele- 
phone between  the  caboose  and  the  engine 
to  check  on  the  train's  speed  with  the 
engineer.  His  failure  to  do  this,  consider- 
ing his  36  years'  experience,  indicated 
negligence  in  his  duty,  the  Company 
asserted. 


After  hearing  further  evidence  from  both 
parties,  the  Board  decided  that  the  discip- 
line awarded  the  conductor  was  dispro- 
portionate to  his  failure.  It  ordered  the 
removal  of  the  50  demerits  assessed 
against  his  record. 

Case  No.  640 — Dispute  between  the 
Canadian  National  Railways  (Atlantic 
Region)  and  the  Brotherhood  of  Loco- 
motive Firemen  and  Enginemen  concerning 
the  Brotherhood's  claim  that  the  company 
was  wrongfully  operating  two  diesel  loco- 
motives in  yard  service  at  Charlottetown, 
Prince  Edward  Island,  without  firemen 
(helpers). 

Two  diesel  locomotives  were  used  in  both 
road  and  ■  yard  service  from  early  June 
until  September,  when  they  were  modified 
for  use  in  yard  service  alone.  When  they 
were  used  in  yard  service,  a  fireman  was 
not  employed. 

The  Brotherhood  pointed  out  that, 
because  both  engines  weighed  more  than 
90,000  pounds  before  modification,  a  fire- 
man had  to  be  employed,  in  accordance 
with  the  collective  bargaining  agreement. 
The  company  then  accepted  and  paid  a 
claim  for  a  minimum  day's  pay  for  a 
fireman  covering  the  period  the  locomotives 
were  used  in  yard  service  while  exceeding 
a  weight  of  90,000  pounds.  After  the 
modification,  neither  locomotive  weighed 
more  than  90,000  pounds. 

The  Brotherhood  contended  that  the 
company  acted  unfairly  in  stripping  certain 
parts  from  the  locomotives  in  order  to 
reduce  their  weight  below  90,000  pounds. 
It  wanted  the  company  to  again  employ 
firemen  on  the  engines. 

The  railway  replied  that  the  locomotives 
originally  had  weighed  less  than  90,000 
pounds,  that  the  adding  of  certain  equip- 
ment on  the  request  of  the  Board  of 
Transport  Commissioners  to  strengthen 
them  for  road  service  had  raised  the  weight 
above  90,000  pounds  and  that  the  parts 
removed  during  the  modification  were  those 
added  for  road  service  and  were  unneces- 
sary in  yard  service.  None  of  the  parts 
removed,  the  company  emphasized,  in  any 
way  affected  the  safe  and  proper  operation 
of  the  locomotives  in  yard  service. 

The  Board  ruled  that  the  company  had 
not  violated  the  contract  but  declared  that 
it  'was  not  in  a  position  to  determine 
whether  the  company  was  unfair  in  making 
alterations  to  reduce  weight  to  less  than 
90,000  pounds. 

The  Board  declined  to  sustain  the 
employees'  claim. 


1791 


I^ollective    Agreements 
and    Wage    Schedules 

Recent  Collective  Agreements 


Manufacturing 

Meat  Processing  —  Charlottetown,  P. EI., 
Montreal  and  Hull,  Que.,  Toronto  and 
Peterborough,  Ont.,  Winnipeg,  Man., 
Edmonton,  Alta.,  and  Vancouver,  B.C. 
— Canada  Packers  Limited  and  the 
United  Packinghouse  Workers  of 
America,  Locals  282,  357,  314,  114,  210, 
216,  243  and  162,  respectively. 

This  agreement  is  effective  August  1,  1953, 
and  amends  the  agreement  of  August  1,  1952, 
as  follows: — 

Wage  rates:  present  hourly  and  weekly 
wage  rates  at  or  above  base  rate  shall  be 
increased  for  males  by  5  cents  per  hour,  and 
for  females  by  4  cents  per  hour.  Wage 
rates  of  hourly  paid  employees  shall  further 
be  increased  by  \  cent  for  each  full  1\ 
cents  that  their  present  rate  is  above  base 
rate.  While  working  on  piece  work,  5  cents 
per  hour  for  hours  worked  will  be  added 
to  piece  work  earnings.  At  Charlottetown 
instead  of  this  \  cent  increase  the  wage 
rate  shall  be  increased  by  25  per  cent  of 
the  difference  between  the  base  rate  and  the 
employees'  present  hourly  rate.  Present 
starting  rates  are  unchanged,  but  rates  shall 
be  increased  by  5  cents  for  males  and  4 
cents  for  females  after  7  weeks  employ- 
ment; and  by  an  additional  4  cents  for 
males  and  females  after  a  further  6  weeks, 
except  at  Toronto  where  the  additional  4 
cents  for  females  is  not  given  until  after 
a  further  19  weeks.  At  Vancouver  present 
starting  and  base  rates  for  females  to  be 
increased  by  an  additional  \  cent  per  hour. 

Fruit  and  Vegetable  .  Packing — British 
Columbia  —  Okanagan  Federated 
Shippers  Association  of  Kelowna  and 
the  Federation  of  Fruit  and  Vegetable 
Workers'  Unions  (TLC). 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  May  1, 
1953,  to  April  30,  1954,  and  thereafter 
from  year  to  year  subject  to  notice  at 
least  60  days  before  expiry  date. 

Union  security:  compulsory  maintenance 
of  membership  for  all  members  and  prefer- 
ence to  union  members  for  continued 
employment,  promotion,  transfer  and  in 
hiring  of  new  employees.  No  union  member 
may  be  laid  off  and  no  non-members  may 
be  re-employed  until  all  competent  union 
members  have  been  offered  re-employment. 
This  provision  shall  not  apply  to  employees 
on  the  seniority  list  before  May  1,   1949. 

Check-off:  compulsory  for  all  employees 
with  most  of  the  provisions  of  the  Rand 
Formula,  which  lays  down  penalties  for 
unauthorized  strikes  and  picketing  and 
imposes  certain  other  conditions. 

Hours  of  work:  from  June  1  to  November 
30  of  each  year  any  8  or  9  hours  between 


A  file  of  collective  agreements  is  main- 
tained in  the  Economics  and  Research 
Branch  of  the  Department  of  Labour. 
These  are  obtained  directly  from  the 
parties  involved  and  through  the  Indus- 
trial Relations  Branch  of  the  Depart- 
ment. A  number  of  those  recently 
received  are  summarized  here.  Agree- 
ments made  obligatory  under  the  Collec- 
tive Agreement  Act  in  Quebec  are 
summarized  in  a  separate  article  follow- 
ing this. 


7  a.m.  and  6  p.m.  for  a  day  shift  and 
between  7  p.m.  and  5  a.m.  for  a  night  shift. 
From  December   1  to  May  31  of  each  year 

8  hours  per  day  or  44  hours  per  week. 
Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work  in 
excess  of  9  hours  per  day,  and  double  time 
after  11  hours  per  day,  from  June  1  to 
November  30.  From  December  1  to  May  31 
inclusive  time  and  one-half  for  work  in 
excess  of  8  hours  per  day  or  44  hours  per 
week;  double  time  after  10  hours  per  day. 
Time  and  one-half  for  work  on  Sundays  and 
on  7  recognized  holidays. 

Rest  periods:  10  minutes  in  the  morning 
and  10  minutes  in  the  afternoon  after  2J 
hours  work,  and  after  2£  hours  overtime 
work. 

Vacations  with  pay:  by  Provincial  law, 
one  week  after  one  year's  service.  In 
addition  the  agreement  provides  for  2  weeks 
after  5  years'  service  of  225  days  per  year. 

Wage  rates  per  hour:  receiving  super- 
visor, supervising  head  carloader,  head 
checker,  grader  foreman  (male  or  female) 
$1.20  to  $1.25;  receiver,  head  carloader, 
warehouse  shipper,  head  warehouseman, 
supervising  engine  operator  $1.15  to  $1.20; 
LCL  and  assistant  shipper,  head  mainte- 
nance man  $1.11  to  $1.16;  lift  truck  oper- 
ator, grader  supervisor  (male  or  female) 
$1.10  to  $1.15;  wiring  and  stacking  in  cold 
stor-age,  packing  iced  vegetables  (male) 
$1.09  to  $1.14;  hand  pressman  and  size 
stamping  $1.08  to  $1.13;  nailer  operator, 
hand  pressman,  head  labeller,  wiring  and 
stacking,  other  help  in  cold  storage,  engine 
operator,  maintenance  man,  truck  drivers 
(less  than  2  years'  experience),  dumpers 
(3  section  grader),  dispatchers,  packing  and 
washing  vegetables  (male)  $1.05  to  $1.10; 
labellers  (male  over  18  years),  checkers, 
stampers  and  count  stampers,  stackers,  car 
bracing,  junior  engine  operator,  maintenance 
helpers,  truckers,  skidmen,  dumpers  (2  sec- 
tion grader),  swampers,  night  watchmen  $1 
to  $1.05;  employees  17  or  18  years  of  age 
92  to  97  cents;  truckers,  stackers,  skidmen 
(inexperienced,  2  week  limit)  92  cents; 
sorters  (head)  82  to  87  cents;  labellers 
(over  18  female),  checkers,  stampers  and 
count  stampers  (female)  81  to  86  cents; 
employees  (under  16  years  of  age)  79  to 
84  cents;  sorters  (experienced),  skid  girl, 
packers       (female,      experienced),      packers 


1792 


(other),  vegetable  trimmers  or  sorters 
(female)  75  to  80  cents;  packers  (female, 
inexperienced)  70  cents;  labellers  (under  18) 
66  to  71  cents.  Piecework  rates  are  also 
given. 

Shift  premium:  a  5  per  cent  premium 
for  all  workers  on  night  shift. 

Provision  is  made  for  settlement  of 
grievances  and  seniority  rights. 

Bakeries — Calgary,  Alta. — Certain  bakeries 
and  the  Bakery  and  Confectionery 
Workers'  International  Union  of 
America,  Local  252. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  August  25, 
1953,  to  August  24,  1954,  and  thereafter 
subject  to  notice  60  days  prior  to  expira- 
tion date.  This  agreement  is  similar  to  that 
in  effect  in  1951  (L.G.,  1951,  p.  1667)  with 
certain  changes,  including  the  following: — 

Hours:  beginning  August  25,  1953,  42  per 
week  (formerly  43),  in  January  1954,  41 
per  week,  in  June  1954,  40  per  week  Over- 
time: time  and  one-half  for  work  in  excess 
of  weekly  hours  (formerly  after  regular 
daily  or  weekly  hours). 

Weekly  wage  rates:  males — doughman,  oven 
and  cake  bakers  $61.50;  dividerman,  moulder 
man  and  bench  hands  $59;  doughman's, 
ovenman's  and  moulderman's  assistant  $55.50; 
bread  rackers,  shippers,  bread  wrapping 
machine  operators,  janitors,  cleaners  and 
pan  washers  $51.50;  shippers  in  charge 
$54.50;  receiver,  machine  pan  greasers, 
maintenance  man  $53.50;  mechanic  $56.50; 
females — rackers  and  bread  wrappers,  cake 
machine  wrappers,  finishers,  wrappers  (hand 
machine),  packers,  liners  ami  box  makers 
$39.25;  checkers  and  packers  $40.75;  bench 
work,  cookie  machine  operator,  doughnut 
machine  operator  $42.25;  cake  depositor 
operator  $45.25  (most  of  the  above  rates  are 
higher  than  the  previous  ones  by  $3.50  for 
males  and  $1.75  for  females).  Inexperi- 
enced males  or  females  start  at  10  per  cent 
below  regular  rate,  and  reach  regular  rate 
in  6  months.  Apprentices,  from  $41.50  in 
first  6  months  to  $55.50  in  the  eighth  6 
months;  thereafter  $59  ($3.50  above  previous 
rates) . 

Night  shift  differential  of  15  cents  (for- 
merly 10  cents)  per  hour  for  work  between 
9  p.m.  and  6  a.m. 

Cotton  Textiles — St.  Hyacinthe,  Que. — 
Goodyear  Cotton  Company  of  Canada 
Ltd.,  and  Le  Syndicat  National  Catho- 
lique  du  Textile,  Inc. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  June  1, 
1953,  to  May  31,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year  subject  to  cancellation  by 
notice  from  60  to  30  days  before  expiry. 

Check-off:  voluntary,  but  irrevocable  dur- 
ing the  term  of  the  agreement. 

Hours  of  work:  10  per  day  Monday  to 
Thursday  inclusive,  and  8  on  Friday,  a 
48-hour  week.  Overtime:  time  and  one-half 
for  work  in  excess  of  10  hours  per  day 
or  48  hours  per  week,  or  between  noon 
Saturday  and  midnight  on  Sunday. 

For  work  during  the  meal  hour  an  allow- 
ance of  50  per  cent  of  regular  earnings 
shall  be  paid  for  the  time  worked,  in  addi- 
tion to  regular  or  overtime  earnings. 
Double  time  for  work  on  8  paid  holidays. 


Vacations  with  pay:  one  week  after  one 
year's  service,  2  weeks  after  5  years'  ser- 
vice, 3  weeks  after  20  years'  service. 

Off -shift  differential:  for  night  work 
between  6  p.m.  and  7  a.m.,  10  cents  per  hour 
extra. 

A  health  insurance  plan  is  mentioned,  and 
provision  is  made  for  seniority  rights.  A 
grievance  procedure  is  outlined. 

Wood  Products — Vancouver  and  New 
Westminster,  B.C. — Certain  sash,  door 
and  other  millwork  companies  and 
British  Columbia  Woodworkers'  Union, 
Local  No.  2  (CCL). 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  June  1, 
1953,  to  May  31,  1954,  and  if  no  agreement 
is  reached  at  its  expiration,  and  negotia- 
tions are  continued,  to  remain  in  force  until 
subsequent  agreement  is  reached. 

Union  security:  maintenance  of  member- 
ship for  all  union  members. 

Check-off:  compulsory  for  all  employees 
after  30  days. 

Hours:  8  per  day,  a  40-hour  week.  Over- 
time: time  and  one-half  after  8  hours  per 
day  and  for  Saturday  work.  Double  time 
for  work  on  Sundays  and  on  9  statutory 
holidays.  The  number  of  these  holidays 
which  are  paid  for  varies  from  2  after  6 
months'  service  to  9  after  9  years'  service. 

Hourly  wage  rates:  benchman  (lead  hand) 
"A"  $1.74;  benchman,  benchman's  machine- 
man,  detail  stickerman,  metal  worker  "A" 
$1.69,  "B"  $1.57;  benchman,  metal  worker 
"C"  $1.47;  layout  man  (detail)  "A"  $1.69; 
metal  worker  (lead  hand)  "A"  $1.77;  painters 
or  finishers  "A"  $1.77,  "B"  $1.65;  machineman, 
shippers,  sash  and  door  man,  "A"  $1.59, 
"B"  $1.49,  "C"  $1.39;  door  patcher  "A" 
$1.34;  glue  man  "A"  $1.49,  "B"  $1.39; 
glaziers  "A"  $1.54,  "B"  $1.44;  helpers  "A" 
$1.32,  "B"  $1.22;  boys  "A"  97  cents,  "B" 
87  cents  (the  above  rates  are  7  cents  per 
hour  higher  than  the  previous  ones) . 

Off -shift  differential:  on  second  or  third 
shifts  8  hours'  pay  for   1\  hours  work. 

Travelling  time  and  expenses:  time  spent 
in  travelling  to  and  from  off-the-premises 
jobs  shall  be  considered  as  time  worked,  but 
not  more  than  8  hours  travelling  time  in  a 
24-hour  period  shall  be  paid  for  on  Satur- 
day or  Sunday.  Cost  of  transportation  to 
and  from  such  jobs  shall  be  borne  by  the 
company  if  the  distance  is  greater  than  that 
from  the  employee's  home  #to  the  factory 
premises. 

Provision  is  made  for  seniority  rights 
and  for  settlement  of  disputes. 

Business  Machines — Toronto,  Ont. — The 
National  Cash  Register  Company  of 
Canada  Limited  and  the  Canadian 
Business  Machine  Workers'  Union 
(National  Council  of  Canadian 
Labour). 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  July  6, 
1953,  to  July  6,  1954,  and  thereafter  from 
year  to  year  subject  to  notice  by  either 
party  of  a  wish  to  amend,  and  to  notice  of 
termination  60  days  prior  to  termination 
date. 

This  agreement  is  similar  to  that  pre- 
viously in  effect  (L.G.,  Jan.  1952,  p.  50) 
except   for   an   increase   in  wage   rates  of   8 


1793 


cents  per  hour  for  some  occupations  and  10 
cents  per  hour  for  others,  compared  with 
the  rates  prevailing  in  the  previous  contract 
period,  a  few  rates  being  increased  13  cents. 

Hourly  wage  rates  for  certain  classifica- 
tions: assembly  departments  —  inspector- 
instructor  $1.85;  assembler,  final  repairman, 
inspector  $1.42  to  $1.75;  assembler-learner, 
inspector-learner  $1.27  to  $1.37;  clerk,  class 
A  $1.27  to  $1.60,  class  B  $1  to  $1.25; 
finishing  department — carpenter  (lead  hand) 
$1.85;  carpenter,  printer,  electro  maker, 
indicator  and  pay  jobs  $1.42  to  $1.75;  spray 
painter,  .metal  and  wood  finisher,  metal 
cabinet  grinder,  metal  cleaner,  assembler, 
indicator  press  operator,  box  maker  (wood), 
paper  slitting  machine  operator,  paper 
packer,  grainer  $1.42  to  $1.50;  learners 
(various  trades)  $1.27  to  $1.37;  labourer 
$1.27  to  $1.40;  machining  department — auto- 
matic screw  machine  lineman  $2;  heat 
treating,  draftsman,  fuze  repairman  $1.42  to 
$1.75;  machine  operator,  spot  and  projec- 
tion welder  $1.42  to  $1.50;  automatic  screw 
machine  operator,  tool  crib  attendant  $1.42 
to  $1.60;  clerk  class  B  $1  to  $1.25;  learners 
$1.27  to  $1.37. 

Automobiles — Windsor,  Ont. — The  Ford 
Motor  Company  of  Canada  Limited 
and  the  International  Union,  United 
Automobile,  Aircta'4i  und  Agricultural 
Implement  Workers  of  America,  Local 
200  (Hourly  Rated  Employees). 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  June  15, 
1953.  This  agreement  is  supplementary  to 
the  current  agreement  which  is  in  effect 
until  February  1954  (L.G.,  Sept.  1952, 
p.  1218)  and  introduces  the  following 
changes: — 

Wage  rates  and  escalator  clause:  effec- 
tive June  15,  1953,  13  cents  per  hour  to 
be  added  to  base  rate,  and  11  cents  to  be 
deducted  from  the  cost-of-living  allowance 
in  effect  on  June  14,  1953,  and  thereafter 
the  cost-of-living  allowance  to  be  computed 
according  to  a  table  based  on  the  Dominion 
Bureau  of  Statistics  Consumer  Price  Index 
(instead  of  the  Cost-of-Living  Index  used 
under  the  previous  agreement)  with  an 
adjustment  of  1  cent  per  -7  point  change 
in  the  index,  made  quarterly  as  before. 
No  reduction  shall  be  made  in  the  wage 
scale  in  the  event  of  a  decline  in  the  index 
below  109-7.  (Under  the  previous  clause 
the  adjustment  provided  was  1  cent  per  1-3 
points  change  in  the  Cost-of-Living  Index.) 

Improvement  factor:  a  further  4  cents 
per  hour  to  be  added  to  the  base  rate  on 
June  15,  1953.  (Under  the  previous  clause 
it  was  provided  that  3  cents  per  hour 
should  be  added  on  this  date.) 

Group  Insurance  Plan:  the  company  will 
make  arrangements  for  retired  employees  to 
participate  in  the  surgical,  and  employee 
and  dependent  hospital  insurance  benefits 
of  the  present  group  Insurance  Plan,  as 
part  of  the  group  covered  thereby.  The 
cost  of  such  coverage  will  be  paid  by  the 
retired  employee,  and  will  be  deducted  from 
the  monthly  retirement  benefits  payable  to 
him  under  the  Retirement  Pension  Plan,  if 
he  elects  this  coverage.  Withdrawal  from 
the  plan  may  be  made  at  any  time,  but 
in  that  case  the  retired  employee  may  not 
re-enter. 

1794 


Automobiles — Windsor,  Ont. — The  Ford 
Motor  Company  of  Canada  Limited 
and  the  International  Union,  United 
Automobile,  Aircraft  and  Agricultural 
Implement  Workers  of  America,  Local 
HO  (Office  Employees). 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  June  16, 
1953.  This  agreement  is  supplementary  to 
the  current  agreement  which  is  in  effect 
until  February  1954.  (L.G.,  Jan.  1953, 
p.  93),  and  provides  for  the  same  changes 
as  the  agreement  covering  the  hourly  rated 
employees  summarized  above,  except  that  for 
salaried  employees  the  amount  to  be  added 
to  the  base  salary  on  June  16,  1953,  is 
$22.53,  and  the  amount  to  be  deducted  on 
the  same  date  from  the  cost-of-living  allow- 
ance in  effect  on  June  15,  1953,  is  $19.06. 
The  adjustment  under  the  escalator  clause 
is  $1-733  per  month  per  -7  point  change 
in  the  Consumer  Price  Index.  (Under  the 
former  clause  the  adjustment  was  $1-733 
per  month  per  1-3  points  change  in  Cost- 
of-Living  Index.)  The  Improvement  Factor 
is  not  mentioned,  but  a  basic  salary  and 
wage  increase  is  provided  of  $6.93  per  month 
or  4  cents  per  hour  on  June  15,  1953, 
instead  of  $5.20  and  3  cents  increase  on  that 
date  provided  under   the   former  clause. 

Construction 

Labourers — Halifax,      N.S. — The      Halifax 
Construction  Association  and  the  Inter- 
national   Hod    Carriers,    Building    and 
Common     Labourers     of     America, 
Local  615* 
Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  September 
12,    1953,    until    April    30,    1954,    and    there- 
after  from   year   to   year   subject   to   notice 
not    less    than    60    days    before    April    1    in 
any  year. 

Hours  of  work:  8  per  day,  48  per  week. 
Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work  in 
excess  of  8  hours  per  day  or  48  per  week, 
except  that  if  labourers  are  normally 
required  to  work  more  than  8  hours  per  day 
overtime  will  be  paid  only  if  the  excess 
exceeds  one  hour  per  day.  Time  and  one- 
half  for  work  on  Sundays  and  on  10  named 
holidays. 

Wage  rates:  labourers  $1.10  per  hour  (an 
increase  of  4  cents  per  hour  over  previous 
rates) . 

Provision  is  made  for  settlement  of 
grievances. 

Communication 

Telephones — Province  of  Alberta — The 
Alberta  Government  Telephones  and 
the  International  Brotherhood  of  Elec- 
trical Workers,  Local  348. 

This  agreement  covers  traffic  employees  at 
class  "A"  offices,  and  is  to  be  in  effect  from 
May  1,  1953,  to  April  30,  1954,  and  there- 
after from  year  to  year  subject  to  notice  on 
or  before  March  31  of  each  year. 

Check-off:  voluntary  and  revocable  at  any 
time. 

Hours:  8  per  day  for  5  days  a  week. 
Overtime:  time  and  one-half.  On  Sunday 
for    an    8-hour    trick    or    7-hour    night    trick 


4  hours  overtime  in  addition  to  regular  pay; 
for  a  short  trick  (other  than  the  7-hour 
night  one)  time  and  one-half  for  time 
worked.  On  9  paid  holidays  time  and  one- 
half  in  addition  to  regular  pay.  Special 
overtime  provisions  for  Christmas  Eve  and 
New  Year's  Eve. 

Rest  periods:  15  minutes  on  4-hour  shifts 
and  10  minutes  on  3-hour  shifts. 

Vacations  with  pay:  one-half  day  per 
month  of  service  during  first  year;  after 
one  year  3  weeks;  after  35  years  4  weeks; 
senior  employees  to  have  preference  in  choice 
of  times. 

Sick  leave:  during  first  service  year,  none; 
second  year,  2  weeks  with  full  pay;  third, 
fourth  and  fifth  years,  4  weeks  full  pay,  9 
weeks  half  pay;  sixth  to  tenth  years  inclu- 
sive, 13  weeks  full  pay,  13  weeks  half  pay: 
eleventh  to  fifteenth  years  inclusive,  13 
weeks  full  pay,  39  weeks  half  pay;  sixteenth 
to  twentieth  years  inclusive,  26  weeks  full 
pay,  26  weeks  half  pay;  twenty-first  to 
twenty-fifth  years  inclusive,  39  weeks  full 
pay,  13  weeks  half  pay;  over  twenty-five 
years,  52  weeks  full  pay. 

Wage  rates  per  day:  operators,  $5.30  for 
first  3  months  to  $8.35  after  5  years'  ser- 
vice; operating  room  clerk  (maximum) 
$8.35;  chief  operator's  clerk  (maximum) 
$8.59;  supervisors,  acting  $8.73,  first  vear 
$8.97,  second  year  $9.23,  third  year  $9.47. 
Seniority  allowances  of  23  cents  per  day  in 
addition  to  above  rates  after  10  years'  ser- 
vice and  46  cents  per  day  after  20  years' 
service. 

Escalator  clause:  in  addition  to  the  above 
rates  a  cost-of-living  bonus  will  be  paid. 
The  bonus  will  be  based  on  the  Consumer 
Price  Index,  and  will  be  at  the  rate  of  25 
cents  per  week  or  $1  per  month  per  point 
over  the  Index  figure  of  100,  adjusted 
quarterly.  Amount  of  bonus  payable  for 
April,  May  and  June  $15.75  per  month. 
The  bonus  will  be  paid  semi-monthly  on 
basic  salary  or  wage  only,  not  including 
overtime  payments.  Vacation  pay  will  be 
computed  on  regular  salary  plus  bonus. 
(The  cost-of-living  bonus  was  previously 
based  on  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
Cost-of-Living  Index.) 

Of -shift  differential:  evening  shift  45  to 
60  cents  depending  on  salary,  night  trick 
60  cents,  night  operator  in  charge  75  cents. 
Differentials  will  not  be  paid  on  days  off 
duty,  Sundays,  holidays,  or  when  an 
employee  is  paid   on  an  overtime  basis. 

Provision  is  made  for  seniority  and 
settlement  of  disputes. 

Telephones — Province  of  Alberta — The 
Alberta  Government  Telephones  and 
the  International  Brotherhood  of  Elec- 
trical Workers,  Local  348. 

This  agreement  applies  to  traffic  employees 
at  class  "B",  "C"  and  "D"  offices,  and  is 
to  be  in  effect  from  May  1,  1953,  until 
April  30,  1954,  and  thereafter  from  year  to 
year  subject  to  notice  on  or  before  March  31 
of  each  year.  It  is  similar  to  the  agreement 
for  class  "A"  offices  summarized  above,  but 
differences  are  found  in  the  following 
provisions:  — 

Overtime:  time  and  one-half  for  work 
immediately  before  or  after  a  regular  trick, 
and    on    Sunday.      On    9    paid    holidays    the 


same  as  for  class  "A"  offices,  but  no  special 
provision  for  Christmas  Eve  or  New  Year's 
Eve. 

Wage  rates  per  day:  operators,  class  "B" 
offices  $5.07  for  first  3  months  to  $7.57  after 
4  years'  service,  class  "C"  offices  $5.07  for 
first  3  months  to  $7.33  after  3i  years' 
service,  class  "D"  offices  $5.07  for  first  3 
months  to  $7.04  after  3  years'  service. 
Seniority  allowances  the  same  as  for  class 
"A"  offices. 

Off -shift  differential:  evening  and  night 
shigfts  45  to  60  cents  depending  on  salary. 
Differentials  are  not  paid  on  days  off  duty, 
Sundays,  holidays,  or  when  an  employee  is 
paid  on  an  overtime  basis. 

Trade 

Department  Store  —  Montreal,  Que. — 
Diipuis  Freres  Ltee  and  the  Syndicat 
National  des  Employes  du  Commerce 
de  Detail  (CTCC),  section  Dupuis. 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  July  28, 
1953,  until  January  27,  1956,  and  thereafter 
for  one  year  subject  to  notice  of  60  to  30 
days  prior   to   termination   date. 

Check-off:  compulsory  for  union  members, 
and  also  for  all  who  are  not  members  after 
3  months'  service;  but  revocable  at  the  end 
of  the  agreement  period. 

Hours:  store,  7  per  clay,  except  on  Friday, 
when  the  day  will  be  9  h  hours,  a  5  day 
week  of  37+  hours  (formerly  40  hours); 
mail  order  division.  8  per  day  Monday  to 
Friday  inclusive,  a  5  day  week  of  40  hours. 

Overtime:  time  in  excess  of  the  normal 
daily  or  weekly  hours  shall  be  paid  at  the 
rate  of  time  and  one-half.  On  Sundays 
double  time  except  for  those  whose  schedules 
call  for  work  on  Sundays,  and  double  time 
also   for  work  on   12   paid  holidays. 

Rest  periods:  15  minutes  in  the  morning 
or  in  the  afternoon,  time  and  place  to  be 
decided  by  the  employer. 

Vacations  with  pay:  one  week  after  one 
year  of  continuous  service,  2  weeks  after 
2  years,  after  5  but  less  than  10  years' 
service  an  additional  2  days,  after  10  but 
less  than  15  years'  service  3  additional  days, 
after  15  years  one  additional  week,  in  the 
25th  anniversary  year  2  additional  weeks. 
A  paid  holiday  falling  on  a  work  day  during 
a  vacation  week  is  added  to  the  vacation 
period.  Beginning  with  the  vacation  period 
of  1955  each  regular  employee  with  5  years' 
service  shall  be  granted  a  vacation  trip 
indemnity  of  $25. 

Sick  leave:  the  following  leave  with  full 
pay  is  allowed  per  year;  2  weeks  after  one 
year's  service,  3  weeks  after  10  years',  4 
weeks  after  15  years',  5  weeks  after  25 
years'  service.  All  sick  leave  pay  starts 
with  the  first  day  of  absence.  This  leave 
accumulates  up  to  a  maximum  of  180  days, 
and  such  accumulated  leave  will  be  paid 
for  on  the  retirement  of  an  employee. 

Weekly  wage  rates:  (store)  sales  per- 
sonnel— special  departments  mentioned,  from 
$31  minimum  to  $35  after  2  years'  service; 
other  departments  from  $26  minimum  to  $30 
after  2  years.  These  are  guaranteed  rates, 
but  the  employees  are  paid  on  a  commis- 
sion basis  at  percentage  rates  which  vary  in 
different  departments,  being  4  to  5h  per 
cent    in   the    special    departments    (furniture 

1795 


81725—6 


and  home  appliances)  and  generally  one  per 
cent  in  the  other  departments.  Rates  for 
some  of  the  other  store  employees  are  as 
follows;  personnel  employed  in  receiving, 
labelling,  wrapping,  stocking,  shipping,  etc. 
— general  group,  males  $30  minimum  to  $34 
after  2  years,  females  $27  minimum  to  $30 
after  2  years — messengers  (inside)  $23 
minimum  to  $27  after  2  years;  drivers 
(outside  delivery)  $40  minimum  to  $44 
after  2  years,  helpers  $30  to  $34.  Office 
clerks  (entering)  $25  to  $29;  typists  $29 
to  $33;  steno-typists  $31  to  $35;  office 
machine  operators  $31  to  $34;  tube  cashiers 
$29  to  $32;  telephone  operators  $28  to  $32; 
elevator  operators  (freight)  $31  to  $35: 
(passenger)  males  $29  to  $33,  females  $27 
to  $31. 

In  the  mail  order  division,  rates  for  some 
of  the  classifications  are  as  follows:  receiv- 
ing, wrapping,  order  departments  and  offices, 
sorting,  weighing,  post  offices,  etc. — males 
under  18  and  females  $22  to  $25,  males 
over  18  $24  to  $30;  sales  department  and 
service  assistants  $36  to  $42;  sales  depart- 
ment head  clerks  $30  to  $33;  switchboard 
operators  $24  to  $30;  typing,  forms, 
addresses,  book-keeping,  reading,  etc.  $22  to 
$25;  office  clerks,  typists  (correspondence), 
mail  cashiers,  etc.  $23  to  $27,  steno-typists, 
general  offices  cashiers,  etc.  $29  to  $33;  group 
leaders  in  various  services  $32  to  $38. 

In  addition  to  the  above  rates  starting 
with  the  first  pay  period  of  August  1953, 
all  service  employees  with  3  years'  service, 
those  in  sales  departments,  with  some  excep- 
tions, with  3  years'  service,  and  all  sales 
employees  with  5  years'  service  shall  receive 
an  increase  of  $1  per  week.  Employees  with 
less  than  5  years'  service  shall  receive  either 
the  maximum  of  the  minimum  scale  of  their 
occupational  groups  or  the  general  increase 
of  $1  mentioned  above,  whichever  is  the 
greater. 

Starting  with  the  first  pay  period  of 
Xovember  1953,  service  employees,  and  sales 
employees  except  those  in  special  depart- 
ments, with  5  years'  service  shall  receive 
an  increase  of  $1  per  week.  Starting  with 
the  first  period  of  August  1954,  employees 
in  the  services  and  sales  departments  with 
3  years'  service  shall  receive  an  increase 
of  $1.  A  further  increase  of  $1  per  week 
will  be  paid  to  these  employees  with  3 
years'  service  starting  with  the  first  pay 
period  of  February  1955. 

Leave  with  pay  in  periods  varying  from 
one  to  three  days  is  allowed  on  such  occa- 
sions as  death  in  the  family,  weddings,  etc. 
A  family  alloicance  of  $8  per  month  is 
granted  to  a  regular  employee  in  respect 
of  each  of  his  children  over  16  years  of  age 
attending  an  educational  institution. 

Seniority  is  recognized  in  connection  with 
promotions,  layoffs  and  re-hiring,  and  the 
settlement    of   grievances   is   provided    for. 


Service 

Municipal — Moose  Jaw,  Sask. — Corporation 
of  the  City  of  Moose  Jaw  and  the 
Civic  Employees'  Federal  Labour 
Union  No.  9  (TLC). 

Agreement  to  be  in  effect  from  February 
1,  1953,  to  January  31,  1954,  and  there- 
after from  year  to  year,  subject  to  notice 
between  GO  and  30  days  prior  to  expiry  date. 


Union  security:  maintenance  of  member- 
ship for  all  members;  and  all  new  employees 
engaged  after  January  1,  1953,  must  apply 
for  membership  within  30  days  after 
engagement. 

Check-off:  voluntary. 

Hours:  1\  and  8i  per  day,  36£  and  42£ 
hours  per  week  to  April  30,  1953,  inclusive. 
1\  and  8  per  day,  36J  and  40  hours  per 
week  on  and  after  May  1,  1953.  Overtime: 
for  hourly  and  weekly  employees,  between 
5  p.m.  and  midnight,  where  not  part  of  a 
regular  shift,  regular  rates  up  to  44  hours 
weekly,  and  time  and  one-half  on  any  excess: 
prior  to  May  1,  1953,  between  midnight  and 
7.30  a.m.,  and  on  and  after  May  1,  1953, 
between  midnight  and  8  a.m.,  double  time. 
For  monthly  employees,  at  employee's  own 
option,  either  one  hour  and  one-half  off  later 
for  each  hour  worked  in  excess  of  regular 
work  week,  or  to  be  paid  for  overtime  at 
same  rate  as  hourly  and  weekly  employees. 
For  work  on  Sundays,  all  employees  double 
time;  on  12  specified  paid  holidays,  regular 
pay  plus  time  and  one-half,  or  a  day  and 
one-half  off  during  the  same  pay  period  for 
each  holiday  worked  (11  paid  holidays  were 
allowed  under  the  previous  agreement). 

Vacations  with  pay:  14  consecutive  days' 
vacation  shall  be  granted  to  every  employee 
after  one  full  year's  continuous  employ- 
ment. The  period  shall  be  extended  by  one 
day  for  each  legal  holiday  occurring 
during  it. 

Sick  leave:  not  to  exceed  three  weeks  per 
year  with  full  pay,  after  one  year's  service 
which  need  not  be  continuous.  A  doctor's 
certificate  is  required  for  absence  of  more 
than  three  days.  Sick  Pay  Credit  of  three 
weeks  per  year,  less  sick  leave  used,  may 
be  accumulated  to  a  maximum  of  26  weeks. 
A  doctor's  certificate  is  required  for  all  time 
charged  to  Sick  Pay  Credit. 

Hourly  wage  rates  for  certain  classes: 
truck,  utility  men  (operators  of  all  small 
equipment),  sub-foremen,  foremen  street 
cleaners  $1.14  to  $1.22;  bulldozer  operator, 
driver  semi-trailer  $1.22  to  $1.32;  assistant 
mechanic,  dragline  operator  $1.29  to  $1.42; 
gravel  pit  foreman,  steam  engineer  $1.29; 
chief  mechanic  $1.42  to  $1.49;  shop  foreman 
$1.51  to  $1.57;  street  cleaners,  labourers 
$1.08. 

Salary  rates  for  certain  classes:  weekly — 
meter  installer,  assistant  meter  mechanic 
$53.51;  meter  mechanic  $57.77;  sewage  dis- 
posal operator  $51.29:  nuisance  ground 
attendant  $47.75.  Monthly — storekeeper 
$276.50,  assistant  $210;  meter  reader  $221. 
assistant  $215;  draftsman  No.  1  $220,  No.  2 
$205;  garbage  inspector  $219;  airport  main- 
tenance man  $230;  senior  janitor  $218. 
assistant  $208;  accountant  $256  and  $283, 
assistant  accountant,  cashier  $256;  assistant 
cashier,  stenographers,  clerks  (female)  $158 
to  $198. 

The  above  hourly  rates  are  from  5  to  12 
cents  higher,  weekly  rates  are  from  94  cents 
to  $1.13  higher,  and  monthly  rates  from 
$5.50  to  $8.50  higher  than  those  in  effect 
under  the  former  agreement.  Monthly  rates 
for  the  three  classifications  in  the  lowest 
range,   however,   are  unchanged. 

Ml  the  above  rates  are  effective  May  L, 
1953. 

Seniority  in  the  branch  concerned  to 
apply  in  layoffs.  In  re-hirings  the  last  man 
laid   off   in   the   vacant   position   to   be   given 


1796 


preference.  In  promotions,  seniority  to 
apply,  first,  in  the  department  concerned; 
and,  secondly,  in  other  departments.  Choice 
to  be  subject  to  the  departmental  head's 
opinion  as  to  the  ability  of  applicants. 

Grievance  procedure  is  laid  down. 

A  pension  plan  is  in  effect  which  all 
employees  engaged  on  or  after  March  1, 
1947,  are  required  to  join.  For  certain 
employees  who  do  not  come  under  the 
pension  plan,  or  who  do  not  elect  to  take 
advantage  of  the  plan,  a  scale  of  retirement 
gratuities  shall  be  paid,  equivalent  to  6 
months'  salary  or  wages  for  the  first  20 
years'    service,    with    an    additional    gratuity 


of  one-half  a  month's  salary  or  wages  for 
each  full  year  of  service  in  excess  of  20 
years.  The  maximum'  gratuity  is  12  months' 
salary  or  wages. 

Upon  the  retirement  of  any  employee  a 
Severance  Gratuity  is  also  payable.  This 
gratuity  is  calculated  at  10  cents  per  day 
for  each  day  of  service  in  excess  of  5  but 
not  over  10  years,  15  cents  per  day  for  each 
day  of  service  in  excess  of  10  but  not 
exceeding  20  years,  20  cents  per  day  for 
each  day  of  service  in  excess  of  20  but  not 
over  25  years,  and  25  cents  per  day  for 
each  day  in  excess  of  25  years'  service.  The 
amount  of  this  gratuity  is  not  to  exceed 
$700  to  any  one  employee. 


Collective  Agreement  Act,  Quebec 


Recent  proceedings  under  the  Collective 
Agreement  Act,  Quebec,*  include  the  repeal 
of  one  agreement,  the  correction  of  two, 
and  the  amendment  of  six  others. 

In  addition  to  those  summarized  below, 
they  include  the  correction  of  the  agree- 
ment for  the  building  trades  at  Trois 
Rivieres  published  in  the  Quebec  Official 
Gazette  of  September  26,  1953;  the  correc- 
tion of  the  agreement  for  the  paint  industry 
in  the  province,  and  the  amendment  of  the 
agreements  for  trade  and  office  employees 
at  Jonquiere  and  for  barbers  at  Hull 
published  October  3. 

A  request  for  the  amendment  of  the 
agreement  for  the  printing  trades  at 
Chicoutimi  was  gazetted  September  26; 
requests  for  the  amendment  of  the  agree- 
ments   for    the    building    trades    (elevator 


*In  Quebec,  the  Collective  Agreement  Act 
provides  that  where  a  collective  agreement 
has  been  entered  into  by  an  organization  of 
employees  and  one  or  more  employers  or 
associations  of  employers,  either  side  may 
apply  to  the  provincial  Minister  of  Labour 
to  have  the  terms  of  the  agreement  which 
concern  wages,  hours  of  labour,  apprentice- 
ship, and  certain  other  conditions  made 
binding  throughout  the  province  or  within 
a  certain  district  on  all  employers  and 
employees  in  the  trade  or  industry  covered 
by  the  agreement.  Notice  of  such  applica- 
tion is  published  and  30  days  are  allowed 
for  the  filing  of  objections,  after  which  an 
Order  in  Council  may  be  passed  granting 
the  application,  with  or  without  changes  as 
considered  advisable  by  the  Minister.  The 
Order  in  Council  may  be  amended  or 
revoked  in  the  same  manner.  Each  agree- 
ment is  administered  and  enforced  by  a 
joint  committee  of  the  parties.  References 
to  the  summary  of  this  Act  and  to  amend- 
ments to  it  are  given  in  the  Labour  Gazette, 
January  1949,  page  65.  Proceedings  under 
this  Act  and  earlier  legislation  have  been 
noted  in  the  Labour  Gazette  monthly  since 
June  1934. 


section)  and  for  truck  drivers  at  Montreal, 
for  the  building  trades  at  St.  Hyacinthe, 
for  barbers  at  Victoriaville  and  for  the 
clock  and  watch  repair  industry  in  some 
eastern  counties  of  the  province  were  all 
gazetted  October  11;  another  request  for 
the  amendment  of  the  agreement  for 
barbers  at  Chicoutimi  was  published 
October  17. 

Orders  in  Council  were  also  published7 
approving  the  constitution  and  by-laws  of 
certain  joint  committees  and  others  approv- 
ing the  levy  of  assessment  on  the  parties 
to  certain  agreements. 

Manufacturing 

Food  Products  Manufacturing  and 
Wholesale  Food  Trade,  Quebec 
District. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  September  24 
and  gazetted  October  3  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
1950,  pp.  872  and  2066;  1951,  p.  1250;  Jan. 
1952,  p.  54;  Feb.  1953,  p.  281,  and  previous 
issues) .  Orders  in  Council  correcting  this 
agreement  were  published  in  the  Quebec 
Official  Gazette  of  December  20,  1952,  and 
January  31,  1953.  The  terms  of  this  agree- 
ment, as  amended,  are  extended  to  May  1, 
1954. 

Part  I  (Wholesale  Food  Trade) 
Hours  and  overtime:  in  Zone  I,  for 
stationary  enginemen  and  firemen  other  than 
first  class  enginemen  54  hours  per  week  (48 
per  week  during  January,  February  and 
March  of  each  year) ;  53  per  week  all  year 
round  in  establishments  dealing  in  fruits, 
vegetables  and  fish,  54  per  week  all  year 
round  in  establishments  making  meat 
mashes;  56  per  week  when  there  are  two  or 
more  shifts,  with  the  exception  of  packing- 
houses and  pork-butcheries  and  mashes  or 
"supplements''  makers.  In  Zone  I,  for  office 
employees  (male  and  female),  43  per  week. 
In     all     Zones,     for     labourers      (male     and 


81725— 6J 


1797 


female),  watchmen  and  boiler  (not  sta- 
tionary engines)  firemen,  personnel  and 
administration  employees  and  enginemen 
working  as  first  class  chief  enginemen — no 
weekly  limitation  of  hours.  (The  above 
weekly  hours  are  unchanged  from  those 
previously  in  effect.)  However,  this  amend- 
ment provides  for  a  reduction  from  48  to 
47|  hours  per  week  for  all  employees  in 
Zone  I  other  than  those  categories  men- 
tioned above.  In  Zones  II  and  III,  weekly 
hours  are  unchanged  at  48  per  week  for 
office  employees  and  54  per  week  for  other 
employees  with  the  exception  of  labourers, 
etc. 

Minimum  wage  rates  effective  from  the 
first  complete  week  of  June  1953  are  $8.75 
per  week  higher  than  those  previously  in 
effect  in  Zone  I,  $4.44  to  $7.24  per  week 
higher  in  Zone  II  and  $3.90  to  $6.25  higher 
in  Zone  III  for  weekly  rated  employees; 
minimum  rates  for  employees  on  an  hourly 
basis  are  18  cents  per  hour  higher  in  Zone  I, 
11  to  13  cents  higher  in  Zone  II  and  from 
10  to  12  cents  per  hour  higher  in  Zone  III. 

Cost  of  living  escalator  clause  is  deleted 
from  the  terms  of  this  agreement. 

Vacation:  in  Zone  I  only,  every  employee 
who  in  the  course  of  each  year  commencing 
April  30,  has  5  years  of  continuous  service 
with  the  same  employer  or  in  the  same 
establishment  is  entitled  to  an  additional 
week  (6  days)   of  vacation  with  pay. 

Part  II  (Commercial  Salesmen) 
Minimum  iveekly  wage  rates  for  salesmen 
in  Zone  I  are  $6.65  per  week  higher  and 
now  range  from  $30.65  per  week  in  first  6 
months  to  $45.65  during  and  after  fourth 
year;  in  Zones  II  and  III  the  above  rates 
are  15  per  cent  less  (previously  less  10  per 
cent) . 

Cost-of-living  escalator  clause  is  deleted. 

Uncorrugated    Paper    Box    Industry,    Dis- 
trict of   Quebec. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  September  24 
and  gazetted  October  3  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G., 
1951,  p.  1376;  Feb.  1952,  p.  139,  July,  p.  930; 
Aug.  1953,  p.  1166). 

Printing  Trades 
Working  conditions  affecting  employees 
engaged  in  the  printing  trades  respecting 
wages,  labour  and  apprenticeship  conditions 
are  those  specified  in  the  agreement,  as 
amended,  relating  to  the  printing  trades  in 
the  district  of  Quebec  (L.G.,  1951,  p.  511; 
April  1952,  p.  451;  March  1953,  p.  432, 
June,  p.  885).  Another  minor  amendment 
to  this  agreement  was  published  in  the 
Quebec    Official    Gazette    of    August    1,    1953. 


Hours:  however,  this  amendment  provides 
that  45  hours  will  constitute  a  regular  work- 
week. 

Construction 

Plumbers  and  Roofers,  Trois  Rivieres. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  September  24 
and  gazetted  October  3  amends  the  previous 
Orders   in   Council    for   this   industry    (LG 

1948,  p.  488;  1950,  p.  876;  1951,  p.  5467 
May  1952,  p.  611;   July  1953,  p.  1044). 

Industrial  jurisdiction  includes  all  opera- 
tions carried  out  by  skilled  workers  and 
apprentices  of  the  plumbing,  steamfitting 
and  accessories,  refrigeration,  sprinkler 
fitting,  oxygen  and  electric  welding,  tinsmith- 
roofer,  asbestos  insulation  and  gravel  and 
composition  (all  kinds)  roofing  trades;  it 
also  includes  work  done  by  labourers  engaged 
by  employers  governed  by  the  present 
agreement. 

Transportation  and  Public  Utilities 

Truck   Drivers,    Quebec. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  September  24 
and  gazetted  October  3  repeals  the  previous 
Orders   m    Council    for   this   industry    (L.G 

1949,  pp.  178  and  1559;  1951,  p.  1673;  Nov! 
1952,  p.  1482)  and  another  amendment 
published  in  the  Quebec  Official  Gazette  of 
January   10,  1953. 


Trade 

Retail  Food  Stores,  Quebec  District. 

An  Order  in  Council  dated  September  24 
and  gazetted  October  3  amends  the  previous 
Orders  in  Council  for  this  industry  (L.G 
1950,  p.  1680;  1951,  p.  1253;  Mav  1952. 
p.  668;  Feb.  1953,  p.  283,  and  previous 
issues) .  Another  amendment  was  published 
in  the  Quebec  Official  Gazette  of  February 
28,  1953. 

Minimum  wage  rates  for  hourly  rated 
temporary  employees  are  from  20  to  40 
cents  per  hour  higher  than  those  previously 
in  effect  and  range  from  a  low  of  60  cents 
per  hour  for  females  to  a  high  of  $1  for 
males  in  Zone  I;  50  to  80  cents  in  Zone  II; 
messengers'  rates  are  8  cents  per  hour  higher 
in  both  Zones.  Minimum  weekly  rates  for 
other  classes  of  employees  are  $2  per  week 
higher  than  those  previouslv  in  effect  (L.G., 
Feb.  1953,  p.  283).  (Regular  weekly  hours 
are  unchanged  at  53 A.) 

Food        Products        Manufacturing       and 
Wholesale  Food  Trade,  Quebec. 

See   above   under   •'Manufacturing". 


3,600  Canadian  Concerns  Controlled  Elsewhere  at  End  of  1951 


At  1951's  end,  3,623  Canadian  concerns 
were  controlled  in  other  countries,  the 
Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics  has  reported. 
Of  these,  2,821  (78  per  cent)  were  con- 
trolled in  the  United  States,  641  (18  per 
cent)  in  the  United  Kingdom,  and  161 
(4  per  cent)  in  other  countries. 


From  1939  to  1950  the  proportion  of 
Canadian  business  owned  by  residents  of 
other  countries  dropped  from  38  to  31  per 
cent.  But  the  percentage  owned  by  U.S. 
interests  rose  from  22  to  23  per  cent. 


1798 


Labour    Law 


Labour  Legislation  in  Alberta, 

Newfoundland,  Nova  Scotia  and 

Prince  Edward  Island  in  1953 

Compulsory  arbitration  for  policemen  and  firemen  is  provided  for  in 
Alberta.  Weekly  hours  regulated  in  shops  in  St.  John's,  Newfoundland. 
Important  amendments  are  made  to  Prince  Edward  Island  Trade  Union  Act 


ALBERTA 

The  most  important  labour  enactments 
of  the  1953  session  of  the  Alberta  Legis- 
lature, which  met  on  February  19  and 
prorogued  on  April  2,  were  the  provisions 
for  compulsory  arbitration  in  disputes  in- 
volving policemen  and  firemen,  contained 
in  a  new  Police  Act  and  amendments  to 
the  Fire  Departments  Platoon  Act.  New 
social  legislation  was  passed  providing  for 
pensions  for  disabled  persons,  hospital  and 
treatment  services  for  recipients  of  old  age 
security  and  other  government  assistance, 
and  financial  aid  to  students. 

Compulsory  Arbitration 

Firemen 

New  sections  added  to  the  Fire  Depart- 
ments Platoon  Act  provide  for  collective 
bargaining  and  compulsory  arbitration  of 
disputes.  The  provisions  are  modelled  on 
legislation  enacted  in  Ontario  in  1947  and 
are  similar  to  provisions  enacted  in 
Saskatchewan  this  year.  Previously,  rela- 
tions between  the  municipalities  and  their 
employees  have  been  subject  to  the  Alberta 
Labour  Act,  under  which  there  is  no  legal 
obligation  to  put  into  effect  the  recom- 
mendations of  a  conciliation  board  unless 
the  parties  have  agreed  in  writing  to 
accept  the  board's  award.  The  amend- 
ments are  effective  from  July  1,  1953. 

The  new  sections  of  the  Act  provide  that 
the  municipal  council,  when  requested  in 
writing  by  a  majority  of  the  full-time 
firefighters,  must  bargain  in  good  faith  with 
a  committee  of  the  members  to  determine 
wages,  pensions  and  other  working  condi- 
tions for  all  employees  other  than  the  fire 
chief.  Where  not  less  than  half  the  fire 
department  belongs  to  a  trade  union,  the 
request   for  negotiation  must  be   made  by 


This  section,  prepared  by  the  Legisla- 
tion Branch,  reviews  labour  laws  as  they 
are  enacted  by  Parliament  and  the 
provincial  legislatures,  regulations  under 
these  laws,  and  selected  court  decisions 
affecting  labour. 


the  union.  At  all  meetings  held  with  the 
municipal  council  for  the  purpose  of 
bargaining,  the  bargaining  committee  may 
be  accompanied  in  an  advisory  capacity 
by  one  member  of  a  provincial  and  one 
member  of  an  international  body  with 
which  the  trade  union  is  affiliated.  In  all 
cases  members  of  the  bargaining  committee 
must  be  full-time  members  of  the  fire 
department. 

Where  the  municipal  council  or  the 
bargaining  committee  is  satisfied  that  an 
agreement  cannot  be  reached,  it  may,  by 
written  notice  to  the  other  party,  require 
matters  in  dispute  to  be  referred  to  an 
arbitration  board  of  either  three  or  five 
members,  as  the  parties  may  agree  upon, 
equally  representative  of  the  parties  and 
with  a  chairman  appointed  by  the  other 
members.  If  within  seven  days  after  the 
notice  has  been  received  one  of  the  parties 
has  not  named  its  representative  or  repre- 
sentatives on  the  board,  the  Minister  of 
Industries  and  Labour,  on  written  request 
of  the  other  party,  may  appoint  the 
member  or  members.  The  members  are 
given  five  days  following  the  last  appoint- 
ment to  agree  on  a  chairman.  If  they 
cannot  agree,  the  Minister  may  make  the 
appointment.  If  a  majority  of  the  board 
of  arbitration  fails  to  agree  on  any  matter 
of  procedure,  the  ruling  of  the  chairman 
will  be  deemed  to  be  the  ruling  of  the 
board.  Each  party  is  to  assume  its  own 
costs  and  to  share  equally  in  the  expenses 
of  the  chairman. 

The  qualifications  of  members  of  a  board 
of  arbitration  are  the  same  as  for  members 


1799 


of  conciliation  boards  under  the  Alberta 
Labour  Act  except  that  "Canadian  citizen" 
is  substituted  for  "British  subject".  No 
person  may  be  appointed  if  he  is  not  a 
Canadian  citizen.  A  member  must  have 
resided  in  the  province  for  three  years 
immediately  preceding  the  date  of  his 
appointment,  must  have  no  pecuniary 
interest  in  the  dispute  and  may  not  be 
the  solicitor,  counsel  or  paid  agent  of 
either  party  nor  have  acted  as  such  within 
the  previous  six  months. 

Every  agreement  made  under  these 
provisions  and  every  award  of  a  majority 
of  an  arbitration  board  are  binding  upon 
the  parties.  An  agreement  or  award  must 
remain  in  effect  until  the  end  of  the  year 
in  which  it  became  effective  or  until  a 
later  date  specified  in  the  agreement  and 
thereafter  until  replaced  by  a  new  agree- 
ment or  award.  Either  party  may  proceed 
under  the  Act  at  any  time  for  a  new 
agreement  or  award. 

Provision  is  made  for  municipal  expendi- 
tures in  connection  with  an  agreement  or 
award  of  an  arbitration  board.  An  agree- 
ment or  award  is  to  take  effect  on  the 
first  day  of  the  fiscal  period  in  respect  of 
which  provision  for  such  expenditures  is 
made  in  the  estimates  of  the  municipal 
council  unless  another  date  is  named  in  the 
agreement  or  award.  Where  an  earlier 
date  is  named,  any  provisions  involving 
expenses  are  to  have  effect  from  the  first 
day  of  such  fiscal  period. 

Municipal  Police 

The  consolidation  of  the  Police  Act  con- 
tains practically  the  same  procedure  for 
collective  bargaining  and  compulsory  arbi- 
tration between  full-time  members  of  a 
municipal  police  force  and  the  municipal 
council  or  Board  of  Police  Commissioners 
as  was  provided  for  in  the  Fire  Depart- 
ments Platoon  Act,  described  above. 

One  important  difference,  however,  is  that 
members  of  a  municipal  police  force  may 
not  remain  or  become  members  of  a  trade 
union  but  may  belong  to  their  own  police 
association.  There  is  no  such  restriction 
on  firefighters. 

A  further  difference  is  that  the  Police 
Act  makes  provision  for  the  withholding 
of  a  municipal  grant  if  the  municipal 
council  fails  to  comply  with  the  require- 
ments of  the  collective  bargaining  section 
of  the  Act.  Where  a  municipal  council 
fails  to  bargain  in  good  faith  with  a 
bargaining  committee,  on  the  written 
request  of  a  majority  of  the  full-time 
members  of  the  police  force,  or  of  their 
association  when  not  less  than  half  the 
police  force  belongs  to  a  police  association, 


the  Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council  may 
withhold  any  grant  payable  to  the  munici- 
pality out  of  provincial  funds.  When  the 
municipal  council  provides  for  the  making 
of  the  expenditures  involved,  the  with- 
holding order  may  be  revoked,  subject  to 
any  conditions  deemed  advisable. 

Under  the  Police  Act  agreements  and 
awards  are  to  be  in  effect  for  one  year 
only.  This  Act  also  became  effective  on 
July  1,  1953. 

Hospitalization 

A  new  Act,  The  Hospitalization  and 
Treatment  Services  Act,  authorizes  the 
Minister  of  Health  to  provide  for  all  or 
part  of  the  cost  of  hospitalization  and 
treatment  for  certain  recipients  of  govern- 
ment assistance  and  their  dependants. 
These  now  include  recipients  of  old  age 
security. 

Provision  for  payment  for  hospitalization 
and  treatment  services  to  other  groups  of 
pensioners  was  previously  made  under  the 
Bureau  of  Public  Welfare  Act.  Sections 
of  the  latter  Act,  which  were  first  enacted 
in  1947  and  amended  in  1952  (now 
repealed),  gave  authority  for  payment  from 
the  provincial  treasury  for  hospitalization 
and  treatment  services  for  a  recipient  of 
old  age  assistance,  a  supplementary  allow- 
ance, a  mother's  allowance  or  a  widow's 
pension  or  for  a  person  under  25  years 
suffering  from  rheumatoid  arthritis. 

In  addition  to  the  groups  previously 
provided  for,  recipients  of  old  age  security 
and  persons  afflicted  with  cerebral  palsy 
are  eligible  for  hospitalization  and  treat- 
ment services  under  the  new  Act,  pro- 
vided that,  for  the  purposes  of  health  and 
welfare  services,  they  are  not  the  respon- 
sibility of  the  federal  Government.  To 
qualify  for  benefits  under  the  Act  a 
recipient  of  old  age  security  must  have 
resided  in  Alberta  for  three  years  before 
being  awarded  a  pension  and  must  have 
an  annual  income,  including  the  pension,  of 
not  more  than  $1,000,  if  single,  or  $1,500 
if  married. 

The  Minister  is  authorized  to  enter  into 
an  agreement  with  the  board  or  governing 
body  of  an  approved  hospital  for  the 
reception,  care  and  treatment  of  persons 
eligible  under  the  Act.  In  the  agreement, 
provision  may  be  made  for  payment  accord- 
ing to  the  services  and  facilities  available 
in  the  hospital.  If  a  person  receives 
hospital  services  in  an  approved  hospital 
that  has  not  entered  into  an  agreement, 
the  Minister  may  pay  him,  on  receipt  of 
the  hospital  account,  the  amount  that  the 
hospital  would  have  been  entitled  to 
receive    had    an    agreement    been    signed. 


1800 


With  the  approval  of  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor  in  Council,  the  Minister  may 
enter  into  a  reciprocal  agreement  with 
the  Government  of  another  province  which 
provides  hospital  services  to  residents  of 
Alberta  who  have  moved  to  the  other 
province. 

The  Minister  is  authorized  to  pay  to  a 
general  hospital  which  operates  a  school 
of  nursing  a  sum  not  exceeding  $300  for 
each  graduate  nurse  or  $100  for  each  nurse 
who  received  approximately  two  years' 
general  hospital  training  and  graduated 
from  a  school  of  nursing  of  a  provincial 
mental  hospital. 

The  Minister  may  also  pay  a  subsidy 
to  an  insurance  company  which  provides 
for  Alberta  residents  insurance  covering  all 
or  part  of  the  costs  of  special  hospital 
services  not  provided  under  standard  ward 
hospitalization  as  denned  in  the  Hospitals 
Act. 

Regulations  may  be  made  by  the 
Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council  governing 
such  matters  as  application  for  benefits, 
investigation  into  the  eligibility  of  an 
applicant,  and  the  method  of  defining 
income,  including  income  from  any  interest 
in  real  and  personal  property. 

Pensions  for  the  Disabled 

Alberta  is  the  second  province  to  enact 

»  legislation  providing  for  a  pension  for 
disabled  persons,  Ontario  having  passed  a 
similar  Act  last  year.  The  Disabled 
Persons'  Pensions  Act,  which  went  into 
force  on  June  1,  provides  for  financial 
assistance  of  up  to  $40  a  month,  subject 
to   a   means   test,   to   residents   of   Alberta 

I  over  21  years  of  age  who,  because  of  a 
chronic  disability,  are  unfit  for  gainful 
employment.  The  only  important  differ- 
ence from  the  Ontario  Act  is  that  in 
Ontario  the  pension  may  be  paid  at  age  18. 
In  order  to  receive  an  allowance  a  person 
must  have  resided  in  Alberta  for  the  10 
years  immediately  preceding  the  date  on 
which  he  applies  for  an  allowance.  His 
income  may  not  be  more  than  $720  a  year, 
including  the  allowance,  if  he  is  single,  or 
$1,200  a  year  if  he  is  married  and  living 
with  his  spouse. 

A  person  is  not  eligible  for  a  pension 
under  this  Act  if  he  or  she  is  receiving  old 
age  assistance,  a  blind  person's  pension,  old 
age  security,  a  mother's  allowance  or  a 
widow's  pension  or  if  he  is  the  responsi- 
bility of  the  Government  of  Canada  for 
health  and  welfare  services. 

The  Act  is  administered  by  the  Pensions 
Board,  which  also  administers  the  provincial 
legislation    providing    assistance    to    needy 


widows  and  to  aged  and  blind  persons. 
The  Board  will  receive  applications  and 
determine  the  eligibility  of  each  applicant. 
Where  it  finds  the  applicant  eligible,  it 
must  determine  the  amount  of  the  allow- 
ance and  direct  payment.  If  the  Board  is 
of  the  opinion  that  a  recipient  is  using 
or  is  likely  to  use  an  allowance  otherwise 
than  for  his  own  benefit  or  is  incapable  of 
handling  his  own  affairs,  it  may  direct  that 
the  pension  be  paid  to  a  trustee  for  the 
benefit  of  the  recipient. 

A  penalty  of  up  to  $50  or  three  months' 
imprisonment  is  provided  for  a  person  con- 
victed of  knowingly  obtaining  a  pension  to 
which  he  is  not  entitled  or  aiding  another 
person  to  obtain  a  pension  fraudulently. 

Regulations  under  the  Act  were  gazetted 
on  April  30  and  summarized  at  page  1180 
of  the  August  issue  of  the  Labour  Gazette. 

Financial  Assistance  to  Students 

Financial  assistance  to  university  students 
and  to  teachers  in  training  and  student 
nurses  may  be  provided  under  a  new  Act, 
the  Students  Assistance  Act.  This  is  the 
first  provincial  Act  of  its  kind,  although  a 
federal-provincial  scheme  of  providing 
assistance  to  university  students  and  nurses 
in  training  has  been  in  effect  since  1939 
under  which  costs  are  shared  equally  by 
the  province  and  the  federal  Government. 

The  Act  provides  for  two  types  of 
assistance,  loans  and  grants.  A  Students 
Loan  Fund  is  to  be  set  up,  out  of  which 
loans  at  three  and  one-half  per  cent  interest 
may  be  made  to  students  attending  the 
University  of  Alberta  or  another  university 
approved  by  the  Board  when  the  course 
being  taken  is  not  given  by  the  University 
of  Alberta. 

Grants  may  be  paid  to  teachers  in 
training  upon  terms  prescribed  by  the 
Minister  of  Education.  Grants  may  also 
be  made  to  student  nurses  provided  money 
is  contributed  by  the  federal  Government 
under  the  Vocational  Training  Agreement 
for  the  assistance  of  student  nurses. 

A  Students  Assistance  Board  of  not  more 
than  five  members  is  to  administer  the 
Act  and  may  set  up  committees  to  con- 
sider applications  for  assistance  and  to 
make  recommendations  as  to  the  nature 
and  amount  of  assistance  to  be  given. 

Closing  of  Shops 

Amendments  to  the  City  Act  replaced 
the  sections  which  regulated  the  closing  of 
shops  to  give  more  discretion  to  municipal 
councils  in  this  matter.  Formerly,  the  Act 
required  all  shops,  except  garages  and 
gasoline  service  stations,  to  be  closed 
between  6  p.m.  and  5  a.m.  of  the  following 


1801 


day  from  Monday  to  Friday.  On  Satur- 
days, except  during  the  Christmas  season. 
shops  were  required  to  remain  closed 
between  10  p.m.  and  5  a.m.  On  petition 
of  three-quarters  of  the  occupiers  of  any 
class  of  shops  the  council  was  authorized 
to  pass  a  by-law  fixing  an  earlier  closing 
hour  than  that  prescribed  in  the  Act. 

The  new  provisions  state  that  a  munic- 
ipal council  is  authorized  to  provide,  by 
by-law,  for  all  matters  relating  to  the 
closing  of  shops.  A  by-law,  however, 
may  not  apply  to  certain  classes  of 
shops,  including  a  fair  or  exhibition, 
a  church  bazaar,  a  railway  book  stall 
or  refreshment  room,  and  shops,  or  that 
part  of  a  shop,  where  medicine  and 
surgical  appliances,  refreshments  for  con- 
sumption on  the  premises,  tobacco  or 
newspapers  are  sold  or  where  the  business 
of  a  post  office  is  carried  on.  "Shops" 
include  garages  and  service  stations.  For 
breach  of  a  by-law  relating  to  the  closing 
of  shops  a  council  may,  by  by-law,  impose 
a  penalty  not  exceeding  $100,  exclusive  of 
costs. 

The  Early  Closing  Act  under  which  the 
council  of  a  city,  town,  village  or  municipal 
district  has  authority  to  enact  a  closing 
by-law,  provided  that  the  hour  fixed  for 
closing  is  not  earlier  than  6  p.m.,  was 
amended  with  respect  to  its  application  to 
cities.  The  amendments  state  that  the 
Early  Closing  Act  will  apply  only  where  a 
city  council  passes  a  by-law  declaring  the 
Act  to  apply. 

Boilers  and  Pressure  Vessels 

The  administration  of  the  Boilers  Act 
was  transferred  from  the  Department  of 
Public  Works  to  the  Department  of  Indus- 
tries and  Labour. 

Mothers'  Allowances 

An  amendment  to  the  Mothers'  Allow- 
ance Act  provides  for  the  payment  of  an 
allowance  to  a  mother  who  had  been  an 
Alberta  resident  and  moved  out  of  the 
province  but  returned  to  Alberta  after  the 
death  of  her  husband.  An  allowance  may 
be  paid  under  these  circumstances  pro- 
vided the  woman  had  lived  in  Alberta  for 
at  least  15  consecutive  years  and,  after 
returning  to  the  province  on  the  death  of 
her  husband,  remained  in  Alberta  for  at 
least  one  year  as  a  self-supporting  person. 

NEWFOUNDLAND 

By  an  amendment  to  the  St.  John's 
Shops  Act,  the  Newfoundland  Legislature, 
which    was   in    session    from    March    11    to 


May  20,  established  a  five-day  week  for 
shops  in  St.  John's  and  vicinity  and  fixed 
a  weekly  limit  of  44  hours  for  shop 
employees.  A  few  changes  were  made  in 
the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act  and  the 
Boiler  and  Pressure  Vessel  Act. 

Hours  of  Shop  Employees 

The  St.  John's  Shops  Act  was  amended, 
effective  June  1,  1953,  to  limit  the  hours 
of  shop  employees  to  44  in  a  week  and 
to  provide  for  the  closing  of  shops  on  one 
full  day  during  the  week  besides  Sunday. 

This  Act,  which  applies  to  retail  and 
wholesale  stores  in  St.  John's  and  the 
offices  connected  with  them,  governs  shop 
closing  hours  and  the  hours  of  work  of 
shop  employees.  Some  establishments, 
such  as  those  whose  principal  business  con- 
sists of  the  sale  of  perishable  fruits  and 
vegetables,  confectionery,  smokers'  supplies 
and  the  like,  are  excluded  from  the  shop- 
closing  provisions. 

Under  the  new  provision  no  assistant 
may  be  employed  in  any  shop  for  more 
than  44  hours  in  any  week.  Previously, 
there  was  no  weekly  limit  as  such  set  out 
in  the  Act,  but  the  limits  on  daily  hours 
meant  that  men  working  in  shops  in  the 
main  shopping  area  ("on  Water  Street") 
were  limited  to  49  hours  in  a  week  in  which 
no  public  holiday  occurred,  and  women  to 
46.  Maximum  hours  were  slightly  longer 
in  the  shops  "off  Water  Street".  An 
exception  may  be  made  to  both  the  daily 
and  weekly  limits  in  the  Christmas  period 
("the  twelve  clear  working  days  imme- 
diately preceding  Christmas  Day")  and 
certain  other  busy  seasons,  and  at  any  time 
the  limits  may  be  exceeded  if  an  agree- 
ment between  employer  and  employee  pro- 
vides for  payment  of  compensation  for 
overtime. 

The  schedule  of  hours  on  which  shops 
may  be  open  was  amended  to  substitute 
for  the  regular  weekly  half  day  on  which 
shops  were  to  be  closed  a  full  day  in  each 
week.  The  Act  provided  that  the  day  was 
to  be  fixed  by  proclamation  of  the  Min- 
ister of  Provincial  Affairs  upon  the  joint 
recommendation  of  the  Importers  and 
Employers'  Association  and  the  Retail 
Clerks  International  Association  and  in  the 
absence  of  such  recommendation,  by 
proclamation  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor 
in  Council.  On  June  1,  in  the  absence  of 
a  joint  recommendation,  Saturday  was 
proclaimed  the  closing  day,  but  this 
proclamation  was  revoked,  effective  Sep- 
tember 1.  The  public  holidays  on  which 
shops  are  to  remain  closed  were  not 
changed. 


1802 


Another  change  made  by  the  amendment 
is  that  the  Act  is  now  applicable  to  the 
municipality  of  St.  John's  and  an  area 
within  six  miles  outside  the  limits  of  the 
municipality.  Formerly,  it  applied  only  with- 
in a   one-mile  radius  of  the   municipality. 

The  Shops  (Barbers'  and  Hairdressers') 
Closing  Hour  Act,  St.  John's,  which 
applies  to  barbering  and  hairdressing 
establishments  in  St.  John's  with  the 
exception  of  shops  which  serve  women  and 
children  only,  was  amended  to  provide  for 
observance  of  the  same  public  holidays  as 
in  other  shops  in  St.  John's  and  to  define 
the  Christmas  period  in  the  same  terms. 
The  area  to  which  the  Act  applies  was  also 
extended  to  six  miles  outside  the  limits 
of  the  municipality.  Hours  of  business  for 
barbers'  and  hairdressers'  shops  are 
normally  8.30  a.m.  to  7.30  p.m.,  extending 
to  8.30  p.m.  on  the  day  before  a  whole 
holiday,  and  to  10.30  p.m.  on  Saturday  and 
during  the  Christmas  period. 

Workmen's  Compensation 

Minor  amendments  were  made  to  the 
Workmen's  Compensation  Act. 

The  section  which  excluded  from  Part  I 
of  the  Act  members  of  the  employer's 
family  who  reside  with  him,  subject  to 
the  provision  that  they  could  be  brought 
under  the  Act  on  application  by  the 
employer,  was  repealed.  Henceforth,  mem- 
bers of  the  family  of  the  employer  will  be 
entitled  to  benefits  under  the  Act  auto- 
matically, provided  they  are  paid 
employees  and  their  names  appear  on  the 
employer's  payroll. 

Another  amendment  gives  the  Work- 
men's Compensation  Board  discretion  with 
respect  to  making  payment  for  medical 
aid  when  an  account  is  not  presented 
within  six  months  after  the  medical  aid 
has  been  given.  Formerly,  the  Act  pro- 
vided that  np  payment  could  be  made 
after  six  months  had  elapsed. 

A  further  amendment  stipulated  that  the 
Board  must  have  the  approval  of  the 
Minister  of  Finance  before  investing  the 
money  under  its  control.  The  Board  was 
also  directed  to  place  its  funds  in  a  bank 
approved  by  the  Minister. 

The  section  added  in  1952  to  provide 
for  the  setting  up  of  a  second  injury  fund 
was  re-worded  and  is  now  similar  to  the 
corresponding  section  of  the  Alberta  and 
Manitoba  Acts. 

Boilers  and  Pressure  Vessels 

The  Boiler  and  Pressure  Vessel  Act  was 
amended  to  extend  its  coverage  to  hoisting 
plants   and   traction   plants.     Boilers,   pres- 


sure vessels,  steam  plants,  compressed  gas 
plants  and  refrigeration  plants  were  already 
covered. 

Another  amendment  provided  for  the 
issuing  of  certificates  of  approval,  without 
inspection,  for  boilers  or  pressure  vessels 
of  a  registered  design  which  are  built  and 
shop  inspected  outside  Newfoundland,  pro- 
vided that  the  manufacturer's  affidavit  is 
submitted  and  the  prescribed  annual  in- 
spection fee  is  paid.  The  certificate  of 
approval  authorizes  the  operation  of  the 
boiler  or  pressure  vessel  until  its  annual 
inspection  under  the  Act. 

A  further  new  subsection  authorized  a 
per  diem  charge,  in  addition  to  regular 
fees  and  expenses,  to  be  made  where  the 
owner  of  a  boiler  or  pressure  vessel  not 
subject  to  the  Act  requests  a  special 
inspection. 

Mothers'  Allowances 

Mothers'  allowances  in  Newfoundland 
are  now  payable  on  behalf  of  children  up 
to  17  years  of  age  rather  than  16. 

The  1953  amendments  further  provide 
for  the  payment  of  an  allowance  in  cases 
where  a  father  has  to  remain  at  home 
with  his  child  or  children  because  he  can- 
not obtain  the  services  of  a  suitable  person 
to  look  after  the  home  and  his  wife  is 
deceased,  an  inmate  of  a  sanatorium,  gaol, 
penitentiary  or  hospital,  has  deserted  the 
home,  or  is  incapacitated.  Provision  for 
an  allowance  to  the  father  in  such  circum- 
stances because  his  wife  is  incapacitated  is 
new.  As  before,  an  allowance  is  payable 
where,  for  any  of  the  above  reasons,  there 
is  no  mother  to  care  for  the  family  and 
the  father  is  incapacitated  and  living  at 
home  with  the  children. 

Blind  Persons  Allowances  and 
Old  Age  Assistance 

The  Blind  Persons  Allowances  Act  and 
the  Old  Age  Assistance  Act  were  amended 
to  provide  for  the  recovery  of  allowances 
obtained  through  misrepresentation  or 
fraud. 


NOVA  SCOTIA 

The  Nova  Scotia  Legislature,  which 
opened  on  February  3  and  prorogued  on 
March  21,  amended  the  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation Act  to  reduce  the  waiting  period 
and  to  increase  the  benefits  to  dependent 
children.  Collective  bargaining  between 
teachers  and  school  boards  and  the 
establishment  of  a  conciliation  board  when 
the  parties  fail  to  reach  agreement  were 
provided    for.      Minor    amendments    were 


81725—7 


1803 


made  to  the  Trade  Union  Act,  the  Engine 
Operators  Act  and  the  Coal  Mines  Regu- 
lation Act. 

Workmen's  Compensation 

Amendments  to  the  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation Act  reduced  the  length  of  the 
waiting  period,  increased  the  benefits  pay- 
able in  death  cases  to  dependent  children 
and  to  dependants  other  than  widows  and 
children  and  raised  the  minimum  payable 
in  temporary  total  disability  cases. 

In  line  with  the  trend  in  most  provinces 
towards  a  shorter  waiting  period,  the  Nova 
Scotia  Legislature  reduced  the  waiting 
period  from  seven  to  five  days.  If  the 
workman  is  disabled  for  five  days  or 
longer,  compensation  is  payable  from  the 
date  of  the  accident.  For  a  disability  that 
lasts  less  than  five  days  he  receives  medical 
aid  only.  The  waiting  period  is  now  the 
same  as  in  Ontario.  In  the  other  provinces 
the  waiting  period  varies  from  one  to  seven 
days. 

The  monthly  payment  in  death  cases  in 
respect  of  dependent  children  under  16 
years  was  increased  from  $15  to  $20.  The 
$50  a  month  payable  to  a  widow  was  left 
unchanged  but  the  maximum  compensation 
that  may  be  paid  to  a  widow  and  children, 
the  amount  in  respect  of  a  widow  and 
four  children,  is  now  $130  rather  than 
$110.  Compensation  to  orphan  children 
was  raised  from  $25  to  $30  a  month  each, 
with  a  maximum  payment  of  $120.  Where 
the  dependants  are  other  than  the  widow 
and  children,  compensation  is  determined 
by  the  Board  according  to  the  pecuniary 
loss  sustained  but  limits  are  placed  by  the 
Act  on  the  amount  which  may  be  paid. 
These  limits  were  increased  from  $30  to 
$45  for  a  parent  or  parents  and  from  $45 
to  $60  for  all  dependants  other  than  widow 
or  children.  The  increases  apply  to 
dependants  regardless  of  when  the  accident 
occurred  but  will  not  raise  the  compensa- 
tion payable  in  respect  of  any  period 
before  May  1,   1953. 

Where  a  workman  suffers  temporary 
total  disability  as  the  result  of  an  indus- 
trial accident  or  disease,  he  receives  com- 
pensation equivalent  to  66|  per  cent  of  his 
average  earnings  for  the  duration  of  the 
disability.  A  limit  of  $3,000  is  set  on  the 
amount  of  annual  earnings  to  be  taken 
into  account  in  computing  compensation 
and  a  weekly  minimum  amount  of  com- 
pensation is  fixed  for  the  worker  with  a 
low  income.  The  former  minimum  of 
S12.50  per  week  or  the  weekly  earnings  if 
less  than  that  amount  was  raised  to  $15 
per  week  or  the  total  amount  of  weekly 
earnings  if  less  than  $15. 


Labour  Relations 

An  amendment  to  the  Trade  Union  Act 
alters  the  form  of  assignment  by  which  an 
employee  authorizes  his  employer  to  check 
off  his  union  dues  in  order  to  eliminate 
the  necessity  of  making  a  new  authoriza- 
tion if  the  amount  of  dues  is  changed. 
The  Act  formerly  authorized  an  assign- 
ment of  the  dues  in  effect  at  the  time  of 
the  assignment.  The  amendment  makes 
provision  for  the  deduction  of  such  other 
amount  as  is  fixed  from  time  to  time  as 
dues  by  or  in  accordance  with  the  union 
constitution  or  by-laws. 

Qualification  of  Engine  Operators 

An  amendment  to  the  Engine  Operators 
Act  provided  that  after  December  31,  1953, 
the  practice  of  granting  a  certificate  of 
qualification  to  an  engine  operator  on  the 
basis  of  experience  will  be  discontinued. 
A  certificate  of  service  was  formerly 
granted  to  an  engine  operator  who  had 
sufficient  practical  operating  experience  on 
regular  shift  before  March  31,  1947.  Here- 
after, certification  will  be  granted  by  the 
Engine  Operators  Board  by  examination 
only,  unless  the  applicant  holds  an 
equivalent  certificate  issued  in  another 
province. 

Coal  Mines 

Further  amendments  were  made  to  the 
Coal  Mines  Regulation  Act  to  ensure 
greater  safety  precautions  in  the  mines. 
An  amendment  last  year  following  the 
disaster  at  the  Stellarton  mine  required 
every  underground  manager  and  every 
overman  to  carry  a  locked  flame  safety 
lamp  while  underground  in  a  mine.  This 
is  a  type  of  lamp  used  for  testing  for  gas. 
The  amendment  this  year  states  that  mine 
managers,  underground  managers  and  over- 
men must  carry  locked  flame  safety  lamps 
and  no  other  type  when  underground. 

A  further  amendment  is  designed  to 
maintain  proper  ventilation  in  the  under- 
ground workings  by  reducing  disturbances 
in  the  main  air  currents.  It  provides  that, 
where  a  door  is  required  on  a  main  road 
in  a  mine,  unless  the  inspector  otherwise 
orders,  two  doors  must  be  placed  so  that 
while  cars  or  other  haulage  appliances  are 
passing  through  one  door  the  other  door 
must  remain  closed.  The  former  require- 
ment was  that  two  doors  had  to  be  pro- 
vided only  when  they  were  ordered  by  the 
inspector. 

Employment  of  Non-Residents 

The  Nova  Scotia  Labour  Act,  which 
gives    preference    in    employment    in    the 


1804 


province  to  Nova  Scotia  residents  and 
which  has  been  enacted  annually  since  1933, 
was  again  passed  and  is  to  be  in  effect 
until  May  1,  1954. 

The  Act  provides  that  no  person  or 
corporation  employing  25  or  more  persons 
may  hire  a  worker  who  has  not  resided 
in  the  province  for  at  least  a  year,  unless 
he  produces  a  certificate  from  the  govern- 
ment employment  agent  or  clerk  of  the 
city,  town  or  municipality  where  he  is  to 
be  employed,  stating  that  there  are  no 
unemployed  residents  available  who  would 
or  could  do  the  work.  A  fine  of  not  more 
than  $500  may  be  imposed  for  violation 
of  the  Act. 

Collective  Bargaining  for  Teachers 

The  Nova  Scotia  Teachers'  Union  Act 
was  amended  to  authorize  collective  bar- 
gaining between  the  Teachers'  Union  and 
school  boards  and  to  provide  for  the 
establishment  of  a  conciliation  board  when 
the  parties  fail  to  agree  on  the  question 
of  salaries  and  other  conditions  of 
employment. 

The  Nova  Scotia  Teachers'  Union  was 
incorporated  by  Act  of  the  Legislature  in 
1951  with  the  object  of  advancing  the 
cause  of  education  in  the  province  and 
co-operating  in  raising  the  status  of  the 
teaching  profession.  Membership  in  the 
professional  association  is  not  compulsory 
and  a  provision  in  the  1953  Bill  for  auto- 
matic membership  of  all  qualified  teachers 
in  the  province  was  defeated. 

New  sections  added  this  year  declare  the 
right  of  the  Union  to  negotiate  with  a 
school  board  on  behalf  of  all  teachers 
emplo3^ed  by  the  board  in  respect  of 
salaries  and  conditions  of  employment 
provided  the  majority  of  the  teachers 
employed  by  the  board  are  members  of 
the  Union. 

If  the  Union  and  school  board  cannot 
reach  an  agreement,  either  party  may, 
after  the  expiration  of  two  months  from 
the  date  on  which  negotiations  began,  by 
written  notice  request  that  the  matter  be 
referred  to  a  three-man  conciliation 
commission. 

Each  party  is  required  to  nominate  one 
member  and  the  two  members  together 
must  nominate  the  third.  If  they  are 
unable  to  agree  on  the  third  member,  he 
will  be  named  by  a  judge  of  the  County 
Court.  The  members  must  select  one  of 
their  number  to  act  as  chairman. 

The  commission  must  then  inquire  into 
the  matters  in  dispute  and  endeavour  to 
bring  about  agreement  between  the  parties. 
A  report  of  its  findings  and  recommenda- 
tions  must  be   submitted  to    the    Minister 


of  Education,  the  Teachers'  Union  and  the 
school  board  within  a  month  of  the 
appointment  of  the  chairman  or  within 
such  longer  period  as  may  be  agreed  upon 
by  the  parties. 

School  Attendance 

The  new  Education  Act,  wThich  went 
into  force  on  August  1,  is  a  revision  and 
consolidation  of  the  former  Act  passed  in 
1918  and  considerably  amended  since  that 
date.  In  the  revision  a  few  minor  changes 
were  made  in  the  sections  regarding  school 
attendance. 

The  Act  continues  to  require  every  child 
between  the  ages  of  seven  and  14  years  in 
a  rural  or  village  school  section  and  every 
child  between  six  and  16  years  in  an  urban 
section  to  attend  school  every  day  school 
is  open.  A  rural  or  village  school  section 
may,  however,  by  a  majority  vote  of  the 
resident  ratepayers  and  their  wives  at  an 
annual  meeting,  fix  the  age  limits  for  school 
attendance  at  six  years  and  either  15  or  16 
years.  If  a  child  reaches  the  school- 
leaving  age  during  a  school  year,  he  must 
continue  to  go  to  school  until  the  end  of 
the  school  year. 

A  child  is  excused  from  attending  school 
if  he  is  physically  or  mentally  unfit  to 
attend,  if  there  is  insufficient  accommoda- 
tion in  the  school,  or  if  he  is  -under  10 
years  of  age  and  living  more  than  2\  miles 
from  school  in  a  section  which  is  not  a 
consolidated  school  district  or  a  section  in 
which  a  conveyance  is  provided.  In  such 
cases  the  child,  if  physically  and  mentally 
fit,  must  be  receiving  instruction  equivalent 
to  that  which  he  would  receive  if  attend- 
ing school.  A  child  is  not  required  to 
attend  school  in  the  district  in  which  he 
resides  if  it  can  be  shown  that  he  is  being 
adequately  taught  in  a  private  school,  at 
home  or  elsewhere. 

A  child  over  the  age  of  12  may  be 
granted  a  certificate  of  exemption  and 
relieved  from  attendance  at  school  for  a 
period  of  not  more  than  six  weeks  during 
the  school  year  if  his  parent  or  guardian 
applies  in  writing  to  the  school  principal 
stating  that  the  child's  services  are 
required  temporarily  in  farming,  urgent  or 
necessary  household  duties  or  in  other 
necessary  employment. 

A  child  over  13  years  may  be  granted 
an  employment  certificate  permitting  him 
to  be  absent  from  school  while  actually 
engaged  in  remunerative  employment  if 
the  school  board  is  satisfied  that  the 
employment  of  the  child  is  necessary 
for  the  maintenance  of  himself  or  his 
dependants.  The  certificate  is  valid  only 
for  employment  with  the  employer  whose 


81725— 7i 


1805 


name  appears  on  the  certificate  and  only 
for  the  type  of  work  specified.  Should  the 
board  consider  it  advisable,  the  child  may 
be  required  to  have  a  medical  examination 
and  obtain  a  certificate  of  fitness  for 
employment.  Previously,  a  medical  exam- 
ination in  such  cases  was  compulsory.  The 
former  stipulation  that  an  employment 
certificate  would  only  be  granted  if  the 
child  attended  night  school  is  now  repealed. 
An  employer  is  forbidden  to  employ  a 
child  under  16  years  in  an  urban  school 
section  or  under  the  age  in  which  school 
attendance  is  required  in  a  rural  school 
section  during  school  hours  unless  he  has 
an  employment  certificate.  Under  the 
Employment  of  Children  Act,  1951,  the 
employment  of  children  under  14  years 
is  prohibited  outright  in  manufacturing, 
construction,  hotels  and  restaurants, 
amusements  places  and  other  specified 
employment  and  their  hours  are  regulated 
in  other  occupations  (L.G.,  1951,  p.  983). 

Mothers'  Allowances 

The  Mothers'  Allowances  Act  was 
amended  to  provide  for  the  continuation 
of  an  allowance  after  a  child  reaches  16 
years  of  age  if  he  is  attending  high  school 
and  the  Director  of  Mothers'  Allowances 
thinks  it  advisable  that  his  education 
should  be  continued.  The  allowance,  which 
formerly  ceased  when  the  child  became  16, 
may  now  be  continued  until  he  reaches  the 
age  of  18  or  until  the  end  of  the  school 
year  in  which  he  reaches  that  age,  which- 
ever is  later. 

Rent  Control 

The  Housing  and  Rentals  Act,  1951, 
which    was    to    have    expired    on    April    30, 

1953,  is    continued    in    effect    to    April    30, 

1954.  The  Act  empowers  municipal  coun- 
cils to  pass  by-laws  for  the  regulation  of 
rentals  for  housing  accommodation. 

Bill  Not  Passed 

An  amendment  to  the  Nova  Scotia  Rail- 
ways Act  which  would  have  required  wages 
of  employees  of  provincial  railways  to  be 
paid  weekly  instead  of  twice  a  month 
failed  to  pass.  The  Bill  applied  to  the 
Sydney  and  Louisbourg  Railwa}'  and  the 
Cumberland  Coal  and  Rail  Company. 


PRINCE  EDWARD  ISLAND 

At  a  special  two-day  session  of  the 
Prince  Edward*  Island  Legislature  on 
October  21  and  22,  the  Trade  Union  Act 
was  amended  to  provide  for  the  settle- 
ment    of     a     dispute     affecting     telephone 


services.  At  the  spring  session  of  the 
Legislature,  which  was  held  from  March  3 
to  April  7,  minor  .changes  were  made  in 
the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act  and  the 
Mothers'  Allowances  Act  was  amended. 

Labour  Relations 

Amendments  to  the  Trade  Union  Act 
passed  at  the  special  fall  session  of  the 
Legislature  and  assented  to  October  22 
enact  new  provisions  for  the  settlement  of 
disputes  in  public  utilities  and  incorporate 
in  the  Act  the  provisions  for  certification 
of  a  bargaining  agent,  and  for  a  govern- 
ment-supervised strike  vote,  formerly  con- 
tained in  regulations. 

When  the  Trade  LTnion  Act  was  passed 
in  1945,  it  did  not  set  up  a  procedure  for 
determining  the  representative  character  of 
a  union  or  for  certification,  but  the 
Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council  was 
empowered  to  make  regulations  "governing 
the  recognition  by  employers  of  Trade 
Unions"  and  generally  for  the  carrying  out 
of  the  Act.  Under  this  authority  regula- 
tions were  issued  November  17,  1952  (L.G., 
Feb..  p.  292)  and  amended  May  7,  1953 
(L.G.,  Sept.,  p.  1347).  followed  by  regula- 
tions of  September  21.  1953,  dealing  with 
a  strike  vote.  The  substance  of  all  these 
regulations  has  now  been  incorporated  in 
the  Act,  and  these  new  provisions,  together 
with  the  new  sections  governing  public 
utility  disputes,  have  all  been  made 
retroactive  to  November  17,  1952,  the  date 
of   the  first  regulations. 

The  Act,  which  applies  to  employers  of 
15  or  more  employees,  sets  out  the  right 
of  employees  to  join  trade  unions  and  to 
bargain  collectively  through  a  trade  union 
and  its  duly  chosen  officers.  It  places  an 
obligation  on  an  employer  to  "recognize 
and  bargain  collectively  with  the  members 
of  a  trade  union  representing  the  majority 
choice  of  the  employees  eligible  for 
membership  in  said  trade  union",  when 
requested  to  bargain  by  its  officers.  Refusal 
by  an  emploj'er  to  bargain  is  an  offence 
punishable  on  summary  conviction  by  a 
fine  of  $100.  Interference  with  an 
employee's  right  to  organize  is  also  an 
offence. 

The  requirement  to  bargain  is  now 
limited  by  a  provision  which  states  that 
no  employer  shall  be  bound  to  recognize 
nor  bargain  collectively  with  a  trade  union 
unless  it  has  filed  with  the  Provincial 
Secretary  a  copy  of  its  constitution,  rules 
and  by-laws  or  other  documents  containing 
a  full  statement  of  its  objects  and  pur- 
poses, certified  to  be  correct  by  its  proper 
officers.  The  requirement  to  file  this  in- 
formation   was    contained    in    the    Act    as 


1806 


passed  in  1945  but  until  the  regulations 
were  issued  in  1952  it  had  no  bearing  on 
an  employer's  obligation  to  bargain. 
There  is  no  change  in  the  section  requir- 
ing the  treasurer  of  a  trade  union  to  be 
bonded  and  to  have  his  accounts  audited 
annually  by  a  chartered  accountant  named 
by  the  members. 

The  procedure  now  set  out  in  the  Act 
for  determining  whether  a  union  seeking  to 
bargain  on  behalf  of  employees  is  properly 
representative  of  them  may  be  set  in 
motion  by  a  request  in  writing  from  any 
five  employees  or  the  employer  to  the 
Provincial  Secretary.  On  receiving  such  a 
request,  the  Provincial  Secretary  is  to 
examine  records  and  make  such  other 
inquiries  as  he  deems  necessary,  including 
the  holding  of  a  hearing  and  the  taking 
of  a  representation  vote,  to  determine 
whether  the  union  should  be  certified  as 
bargaining  agent.  If  he  finds  that  the 
union  has  filed  its  constitution  and  by- 
laws, that  the  unit  is  appropriate  for 
collective  bargaining,  and  that  the  majority 
of  the  employees  in  the  unit  are  members 
in  good  standing  of  the  union,  and  have 
selected  the  trade  union  to  bargain  on 
their  behalf,  he  may  certify  the  trade 
union.  Once  an  inquiry  into  the  repre- 
sentative character  of  the  union  is  started, 
the  employer  is  not  required  to  bargain 
with  the  union  unless  and  until  it  is 
certified.  The  function  assigned  to  the 
Provincial  Secretary  is  thus  much  the  same 
as  the  certification  function  of  Labour 
Relations  Boards  in  other  provinces. 

As  before,  the  Act  requires  employers 
to  grant  a  check-off  of  union  dues  under 
certain  conditions  but  forbids  closed  shop 
clauses  in  agreements.  If  other  wage 
deductions  are  being  made  by  the 
emplo3<Ter,  and  if  a  majority  of  the 
employees  in  a  government-supervised  vote 
on  the  question  of  check-off  have  voted 
in  favour,  the  employer  is  required  to 
deduct  union  dues  on  the  written  assign- 
ment of  an  employee  and  remit  the  dues 
periodically  to  the  union.  A  closed  shop 
contract,  which  is  forbidden,  is  denned  as 
"a  clause  in  any  collective  bargaining 
agreement  whereby  the  employer  agrees  to 
employ  only  trade  union  members". 

In  regard  to  the  settlement  of  disputes, 
the  Act  does  not  provide  for  conciliation 
by  government  officers  or  by  conciliation 
boards,  as  the  other  provincial  Acts  do, 
but  it  forbids  strikes  and  lockouts  unless 
and  until  all  differences  between  the 
employer  and  employees  have  been  sub- 
mitted to  arbitration  in  conformity  with 
the  Arbitration  Act.  Subject  to  the  terms 
of  any  existing  collective  agreement,  when 


a  trade  union  files  its  constitution,  "a 
submission,  as  denned  in  the  Arbitration 
Act,  shall  be  deemed  to  exist  and  to  have 
been  signed  and  made  between  such  trade 
union  and  the  employer  of  the  members 
thereof".  A  submission  as  defined  in  the 
Arbitration  Act  is  an  agreement  to  submit 
all  present  or  future  differences  to  arbitra- 
tion. An  award  under  the  Arbitration  Act 
is  enforceable.  A  trade  union  may  sue 
and  be  sued  by  its  name  as  filed  with  the 
Provincial  Secretary,  and,  if  not  so  filed, 
then  by  the  name  by  which  it  is  commonly 
known. 

Nevertheless  the  Act  contemplates  an 
ultimate  recourse  to  strike  action,  in  that 
a  procedure  is  set  out  for  a  government- 
supervised  strike  vote.  The  officers  of  a 
union  that  has  been  certified  as  the  bar- 
gaining agent  for  a  group  of  employees 
may  apply  to  the  Provincial  Secretary  for 
the  taking  of  a  vote  to  ascertain  the  wishes 
of  the  group  in  respect  of  strike  action. 
Strike  action  is  forbidden  unless  and  until 
such  an  application  has  been  made  and 
"upon  a  vote  taken  by  ballot  at  times  and 
under  conditions  fixed  by  the  Provincial 
Secretary"  a  majority  of  the  members  of 
the  group  vote  in  favour  of  strike  action. 
The  Provincial  Secretary  is  required  to 
notify  the  Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council 
of  the  result  of  any  such  vote  within  one 
week,  and  to  send  a  copy  of  the  notifica- 
tion to  the  officers  of  the  union  concerned. 

Special  provision  was  made  for  the 
settlement  of  disputes  between  public 
utilities  and  their  employees.  "Public 
utility"  has  the  same  meaning  as  in  the 
Electric  Power  and  Telephone  Act,  that  is, 
any  person  or  company  owning  or  oper- 
ating equipment  for  the  conveyance  of 
telephone  messages  or  for  the  production, 
transmission  or  furnishing  of  electric  energy 
for  the  public. 

The  amending  Act  provides  for  the 
setting  up  of  a  commission  to  hear  and 
settle  a  dispute  between  a  public  utility 
and  its  employees.  The  commission  will 
consist  of  the  Public  Utilities  Commission, 
which  is  a  three-member  board  appointed 
by  the  Lieutenant-Governor  in  Council  to 
exercise  general  supervision  over  public 
utilities  in  the  province,  and  two  addi- 
tional persons  to  be  appointed  each  time 
such  a  dispute  occurs. 

When  a  dispute  between  a  public  utility 
and  its  employees  has  been  submitted  to 
arbitration  and  an  award  has  been  made, 
the  arbitrator  is  required  to  send  a  copy 
of  the  award  to  the  Provincial  Secretary. 
If  the  parties  do  not  accept  the  award 
and  a  strike  vote  has  been  taken,  the 
Provincial  Secretary  must  notify  the  com- 


1807 


mission  of  the  result  of  the  vote  and  also 
send  it  a  copy  of  the  disputed  award  of 
the  arbitrator.  Within  15  days  after 
receiving  this  notice,  the  commission  must 
fix  a  date  on  which  it  will  hold  a  public 
hearing  of  the  dispute.  Notice  of  the 
hearing  must  be  given  in  at  least  one 
newspaper  published  in  Prince  Edward 
Island  and  having  a  general  circulation  in 
the  area  served  by  the  public  utility.  After 
the  hearing  the  commission  must  confirm, 
modif}',  reverse,  extend  or  vary  the 
previous  award,  deciding  whether  any  addi- 
tional expenses  provided  for  in  the  award 
are  reasonable  and  prudent  and  whether 
they  may  properly  be  charged  to  the 
operating   account   of   the   public   utility. 

The  decision  of  the  commission  is  final 
and  binding  on  all  parties  to  the  dispute. 
If  anything  is  done  which  is  contrary  to 
the  decision,  the  aggrieved  party  may 
bring  action  in  the  Supreme  Court  for  an 
injunction  to  restrain  it.  Strikes  and  lock- 
outs are  prohibited  until  15  clear  days 
after  the  commission  has  given  its  ruling. 

Any  person  who  violates  or  attempts  to 
violate  the  Act  or  the  regulations  or  who 
fails  to  comply  with  a  decision  of  the 
commission   is  guilty   of  an   offence.     The 


penalty    for    such    an    offence    is    $200    for 
an  individual  and  $500  for  a  corporation. 

Workmen's  Compensation 

The  Workmen's  Compensation  Act  was 
amended  to  provide  that  the  three  mem- 
bers of  the  Workmen's  Compensation 
Board  are  not  to  be  deemed  persons 
employed  in  the  public  service  for  the 
purposes  of  the  Public  Service  Superannua- 
tion Act. 

Mothers'  Allowances 

Amendments  to  the  Mothers'  Allowances 
Act  permit  a  mother  or  foster  mother 
caring  for  children  whose  father  is  a 
prisoner  in  a  penal  institution  for  a  term 
of  one  year  or  longer  to  receive  an  allow- 
ance towards  the  maintenance  of  the 
children.  Previously,  an  allowance  was 
payable  to  a  mother  only  if  the  child's 
father  were  dead  or  unable  to  support  the 
child  because  of  permanent  total  dis- 
ability. Another  amendment  gives  the 
Minister  discretionary  power  to  grant  an 
allowance,  on  the  recommendation  of  the 
Director,  to  a  mother  who  is  not  strictly 
eligible  under  the  Act  in  special  cases 
where  investigation  has  shown  it  to  be 
advisable. 


Legal  Decisions  Affecting  Labour 

Quebec  appeal  court  upholds  constitutionality  of  Quebec  Collective 
Agreement  Act;  in  another  case  holds  decree  under  the  Act  applies  to 
carpentry  and  painting  done  by  refrigeration  company  not  strictly 
incidental  to  installation  of  refrigeration  equipment.  Manitoba  milk 
driver  wins  $5,000  in  damages  for  his  unlawful  expulsion  from  union 

The  appeal  court  in  Quebec,  affirming  a  Superior  Court  judgment,  upheld 
the  constitutionality  of  the  Quebec  Collective  Agreement  Act  in  a  case  where 
a  hairdresser  who  had  charged  less  than  the  minimum  price  fixed  for  hair- 
dressing  services  by  a  decree  under  the  Act  claimed  that  the  law  was  ultra 
vires  and  the  decree  invalid  on  the  ground  that  price  fixing  was  prohibited  by 
the  Criminal  Code. 


In  another  case  the  Quebec  appeal  court 
held  that  the  decree  under  the  Collective 
Agreement  Act  covering  construction  trades 
in  Montreal  did  apply  to  carpentry  and 
painting  jobs  performed  by  employees  of 
-i  refrigeration  company  not  strictly  inci- 
dental to  the  installation  of  refrigeration 
equipment. 

In  Manitoba,  a  milk  driver  won  $5,000 
in  damages  for  expulsion  from  his  union 
contrary  to  the  provisions  of  its  constitu- 


tion.    The   Court   also   ordered   the   union 
secretary  to  give   an  accounting  of  funds. 

Quebec  Court  of  Queen's  Bench,  Appeal  Side  . . . 

.  .  .  upholds   validity   of   decree    under    Collective 
Agreement   Act   fixing    minimum    hairdressing    rates 

The  Quebec  Court  of  Queen's  Bench, 
Appeal  Side,  at  Montreal  on  May  27,  1953, 
dismissed  a  hairdresser's  appeal  from  a 
judgment     rejecting    her     claim     that     the 


1808 


Collective  Agreement  Act  was  ultra  vires 
the  provincial  Legislature  and  that  a  decree 
which  included  a  provision  fixing  minimum 
rates  to  be  charged  to  the  public  was 
inoperative.  The  Court  affirmed  the  ruling 
of  the  Superior  Court  that  the  law  was 
constitutional  and  the  decree  valid. 

The  facts  of  the  case  were  as  follows. 
The  appellant,  who  operated  a  hairdressing 
establishment  in  Montreal  known  as  the 
Salon  Rheal,  gave  her  customers  permanent 
waves  for  $2.50,  lower  than  the  minimum 
price  of  $5  fixed  by  the  decree  under  the 
Collective  Agreement  Act  governing  ladies' 
hairdressers  in  Montreal.  A  complaint  was 
laid  against  her  by  a  representative  of  the 
parity  committee  for  the  trade,  and  on 
October  28,  1949,  she  was  summoned  to 
appear  before  the  Court  of  the  Sessions 
of  the  Peace.  Although  she  admitted  the 
fact  alleged,  she  claimed  that  the  decree 
on  which  the  complaint  was  based  was 
inoperative  on  the  ground  that  the  Collec- 
tive Agreement  Act,  which  authorizes  the 
fixing  of  a  minimum  price  to  be  charged 
by  barbers  and  hairdressers,  was  ultra  vires 
and  unconstitutional.  The  Court  con- 
cluded that  the  law  was  intra  vires  and  the 
decree  operative,  and  that  the  defendant 
was  guilty  of  the  offence  charged.  She 
then  asked  in  the  Superior  Court  for  a 
writ  of  prohibition  against  this  judgment. 
Her  application  was  refused,  the  Court 
holding  that  the  law  and  the  decree  were 
valid.  From  this  judgment  she  appealed 
to  the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench. 

Mr.  Justice  St.  Jacques  held  that  it  was 
not  necessary  to  determine  whether  or  not 
the  Court  of  the  Sessions  of  the  Peace 
had  jurisdiction  to  deal  with  the  constitu- 
tional question.  He  would  consider  only 
the  question  of  the  validity  of  the  law  and 
the  decree.  By  a  1941  amendment  to  the 
Collective  Agreement  Act,  the  following 
clause  was  added  to  Section  10  of  the 
Act:— 

The  decree  may  render  obligatory  minimum 
prices  to  be  charged  to  the  public  for  the 
services  of  barbers  and  hairdressers. 

In  His  Lordship's  opinion,  the  barbers 
and  hairdressers  had  requested  this  addi- 
tion to  the  Act  as  a  result  of  a  court  case 
in  1940  (Procureur  general  de  la  Province 
de  Quebec  v.  Lazarovitch  et  Comite  pari- 
taire  des  repareurs  de  chausseurs  du  district 
de  Montreal  et  Cour  des  Sessions  de  la  paix 
(L.G.,  1940,  p.  1095)),  in  which  the  appeal 
court  held  that  a  provision  in  a  decree 
which  fixed  minimum  prices  for  shoe 
repairing  in  Montreal  was  invalid  because 
the  Act  did  not  authorize  such  a  provision. 
After  the  Act  was  amended,  Decree   1343, 


applicable  to  barbers  and  hairdressers  in 
Montreal,  was  adopted.  Article  6  of  this 
decree  fixed  a  minimum  price  of  $5  for  a 
permanent  wave.  The  evidence  showed 
that  a  good  number  of  hairdressers  had 
objected  to  this  price,  claiming  that  it  was 
harmful  to  their  business  and  higher  than 
was  necessary  to  enable  them  to  pay  their 
employees  the  minimum  wage  prescribed 
by  the  decree. 

The  appellant  claimed  that  the  decree 
and  the  law  which  authorized  it  encroached 
on  the  criminal  jurisdiction  of  the  federal 
Parliament.  According  to  this  argument  the 
Collective  Agreement  Act  was  ultra  vires 
because  it  authorized  an  action  which  was 
illegal  under  Sections  496  and  498  of  the 
Criminal  Code,  i.e.,  an  agreement  to  fix 
prices  and  so  restrict  trade.  The  Attorney- 
General  of  the  province  argued  in  defence 
of  the  law  that  it  dealt  with  the  contract 
between  the  hairdresser  and  his  clients, 
which  was  essentially  a  civil  matter.  The 
crime  which  was  prohibited  in  the  Criminal 
Code  was  not  the  fixing  of  prices  but  a 
conspiracy  to  raise  prices,  in  which  con- 
spiracy was  the  fundamental  element.  The 
Crown,  in  enacting  the  Collective  Agree- 
ment Act,  could  not  be  accused  of 
conspiracy. 

Mr.  Justice  St.  Jacques  agreed  that  the 
provincial  Legislature  had  jurisdiction  to 
regulate  the  contract  of  services  between 
an  employer  and  a  client.  This  was  purely 
a  matter  of  civil  rights,  not  an  interfer- 
ence with  the  domain  of  commerce  dealt 
with  by  the  Criminal  Code.  The  Supreme 
Court  had  held  in  the  case  of  Home  Oil 
Distributors  Ltd.  v.  Attorney-General  of 
British  Columbia  [1940]  SCR  444  that  a 
provincial  Legislature  could  establish  a 
body  which  had  power  to  fix  maximum  and 
minimum  prices  of  coal  and  oil.  Accord- 
ingly His  Lordship  held  that  a  provincial 
Legislature  had  similar  power  with  respect 
to  minimum  prices  in  a  contract  for 
services. 

Chief  Justice  Galipeault  held  that  «the 
writ  of  prohibition  was  not  a  proper  remedy 
under  the  circumstances  and  could  not  be 
upheld.  He  did  not  discuss  the  validity  of 
the  law  and  the  decree. 

Mr.  Justice  McDougall  quoted  Section 
498  (2)  of  the  Criminal  Code  which 
reads: — 

Nothing  in  this  section  shall  be  construed 
to  apply  to  combinations  of  workmen  or 
employees  for  their  own  reasonable  protec- 
tion as  such  workmen  or  employees. 

He  considered  that  the  fixing  of  minimum 
charges  for  hairdressing  in  this  case  was 
for     the     "reasonable     protection"     of     the 

1809 


employees  concerned,  for  one  reason 
because  it  would  prevent  a  "rate  war" 
which  might  be  fatal  to  certain  establish- 
ments. 

Mr.  Justice  Casey  noted  that  Section 
498  of  the  Criminal  Code  referred  to  an 
agreement  to  "unreasonably  enhance"  the 
price  of  any  "article  or  commodity".  He 
did  not  see  how  the  service  rendered  by 
a  hairdresser  could  be  regarded  as  an 
article  or  commodity  and  he  stated  that 
the  decree  did  not  unreasonably  enhance 
the  price  of  the  service.  He  was  also  of 
the  opinion  that  the  prices  were  fixed  for 
the  "reasonable  protection"  of  those 
engaged  in  the  trade. 

With  Mr.  Justice  Rinfret  concurring  in 
the  reasons  of  Mr.  Justice  McDougall,  the 
Court  unanimously  dismissed  the  appeal. 
Dame  Lalond  v.  Commission  Conjointe  des 
Coiffeurs  pour  Dames  et  Cloutier  et  Cour 
des  Sessions  de  la  Paix  et  Procureur 
General  de  Quebec  [1953]  BR  Montreal  499. 

Quebec  Court  of  Queen's  Bench,  Appeal  Side  . . . 

.  .  .  finds  refrigeration  company  must  payfpainters, 
carpenters    rates    set   in    construction    trade    decree 

The  Quebec  Court  of  Queen's  Bench, 
Appeal  Side,  at  Montreal  on  May  27,  1953, 
dismissed  an  employer's  appeal  from  a 
Superior  Court  judgment  requiring  him  to 
pay  his  carpenters  and  painters  the  wages 
fixed  by  a  decree  under  the  Collective 
Agreement  Act  covering  the  construction 
trades  in  Montreal. 

Mr.  Justice  Bissonnette  delivered  the 
unanimous  judgment  of  the  appeal  court. 
Giving  the  facts  of  the  case,  he  stated 
that  the  appellant  company  manufactured 
and  installed  refrigeration  appliances.  The 
equipment  sometimes  filled  a  whole  room 
in  an  establishment  and  the  cost  of  instal- 
lation might  be  more  than  $20,000.  To 
accommodate  the  new  equipment  the 
purchaser  frequently  had  alterations  made 
to  his  premises  by  the  company.  A  butcher 
named  Pinsky  had  had  the  company  erect 
a  separate  building  for  the  refrigeration 
equipment  and  a  short  passage  connecting 
it  with  the  main  building.  For  another 
customer  named  Hannon,  the  company 
built  a  floor  above  the  refrigeration  room 
to  form  an  office  and  a  staircase  leading 
to  it.  Both  carpentry  and  painting  were 
performed  in  this  case.  For  another 
customer  the  cost  of  the  painting  alone 
was  $1,300. 

The  joint  committee  for  the  construc- 
tion trades  in  Montreal  claimed  that  as 
soon  as  the  defendant  company  performed 
carpentiy    and    painting    jobs    outside    its 


own  establishment  it  became  subject  to 
the  decree  covering  these  trades  and  must 
pay  its  carpenters  and  painters  the  wages 
fixed  for  them  by  the  decree.  The  com- 
pany maintained  that  such  jobs  were  only 
incidental  and  occasional  and  did  not  come 
within  the  category  of  "construction,  repair 
or  improvement"  and  that  therefore  its 
employees  were  not  covered  by  the  decree. 

Mr.  Justice  Bissonnette  stated  that  the 
Court  had  found  in  earlier  cases  that  it 
was  the  nature  of  the  work  performed  and 
not  the  nature  of  the  employer's  business 
that  determined  whether  or  not  employees 
were  subject  to  a  decree.  In  this  case, 
since  the  painting  and  carpentry  jobs  per- 
formed were  necessarily  jobs  of  construc- 
tion, repair  or  improvement,  there  was  no 
doubt  that  the  decree  was  applicable.  His 
Lordship  agreed  with  the  view  of  the  trial 
judge  that,  while  certain  alterations  to 
woodwork  and  counters  would  necessarily 
be  incidental  to  the  work  of  installing 
refrigeration  equipment  and  would  not  be 
work  subject  to  the  decree,  jobs  like  the 
building  of  an  office  above  the  refrigeration 
room  in  Hannon's  establishment  or  the 
erection  of  a  separate  building  and  passage 
for  Pinsky  certainly  came  under  the  decree. 

The  employer  also  claimed  that  since 
he  was  not  an  employer  in  the  construc- 
tion industry  he  should  not  be  required  to 
pay  the  $80  fine  authorized  in  the  Act  for 
emplo3rers  who  fail  to  comply  with  a  decree. 
The  Court  held  that  where  a  type  of  work  • 
was  governed  by  a  decree  any  employer 
who  failed  to  pay  the  minimum  wages 
fixed  by  the  decree  was  subject  to  the 
penalty  set  out  in  the  Act. 

The  Court  dismissed  the  appeal  and 
affirmed  the  judgment  requiring  the  com- 
pany to  pay  its  employees  the  difference 
between  the  wages  paid  and  the  wages 
fixed  by  the  decree  and  the  $80  fine. 
Canadian  Super-Cold  Limited  v.  Comite 
Conjoint  des  Metiers  de  la  Construction 
de  Montreal  [1953]  BR  Montreal  545. 

Manitoba  Court  of  Queen's  Bench . . . 

.  .  .  awards  damages  to  milkman  unlawfully  expelled 
from  union,  orders  secretary  to  account  for  funds 
The  Manitoba  Court  of  Queen's  Bench 
on  September  21,  1953,  allowed  the  action 
of  an  employee  against  a  local  of  the 
Teamsters'  union  for  damages  to  com- 
pensate  for  his  unlawful  expulsion  from 
the  union  in  1947  and  for  an  injunction 
to  prevent  the  union  from  interfering  with 
his  rights  as  a  member.  The  Court  also 
sustained  the  plaintiff's  claim  against  the 
secretary  of  the  local  union  for  an  account- 
ing of  union  funds. 


1810 


The  action  was  brought  against  the  seven 
members  of  the  union's  executive  board 
on  their  own  behalf  and  on  behalf  of  all 
the  other  members  of  the  local  except  the 
plaintiff.  Chief  Justice  Williams  delivered 
the  judgment  of  the  Court. 

The  plaintiff,  Tunney,  had  been  a  mem- 
ber of  Local  119  of  the  International 
Brotherhood  of  Teamsters,  Chauffeurs, 
Warehousemen  and  Helpers  of  America 
since  April  1935,  except  for  a  five-year 
period  during  the  war  when  he  was  serving 
in  the  navy.  At  the  time  of  his  expulsion 
from  the  union  in  1947  he  was  employed 
by  the  Crescent  Creamery  Company 
Limited  as  a  milk-wagon  driver-salesman. 
The  agreement  between  the  company  and 
the  union,  to  be  effective  from  April  1, 
1947,  to  October  31,  1948,  contained  a 
union  shop  clause  providing  that  the  com- 
pany would  hire  only  union  members 
unless  no  suitable  union  members  were 
available,  in  which  case  the  persons  hired 
must  become  union  members  within  15 
days. 

On  July  18,  1947,  the  defendant  Houle. 
who  was  secretary-treasurer  and  business 
agent  of  the  union,  wrote  to  the  general 
manager  of  the  company  that  Tunney's 
membership  in  the  union  had  been  tempor- 
arily suspended  and  that  under  the  terms 
of  the  collective  agreement  he  could  not 
be  employed  until  the  suspension  was 
cancelled.  At  noon  on  July  21  the  employer 
notified  Tunney  that  his  employment  was 
suspended  until  he  was  again  a  union 
member  in  good  standing.  That  evening 
Tunney  received  a  letter  signed  by 
Orchard,  the  union  president,  notifying  him 
that  a  charge  had  been  made  against  him 
under  the  union  constitution  and  that  he 
would  be  tried  on  August  4.  He  was  to 
be  deprived  of  union  membership  until 
after   the    trial. 

The  letter  stated: — 

It  is  my  duty  to  inform  you  that  you 
have  been  charged  under  Article  18,  Sec- 
tion 5,  Clause  10  of  the  Constitution. 

You  passed  a  remark  on  several  occasions 
that  you  have  the  goods  on  the  Secretary, 
obtained  by  you  through  you  making  in- 
vestigations. Insinuating  that  discrepancies 
exist  in  the  affairs  of  the  union.  State- 
ments of  this  sort  are  detrimental  to  the 
welfare  of  the  union. 

This  was  the  first  notification  the  plaintiff 
received  from  the  union  of  his  suspension. 

The  minute  book  of  the  union  contained 
a  report  of  the  proceedings  at  his  trial  by 
the  executive  board  on  August  4.  All 
members  of  the  board  were  present,  with 
the  president  in  the  chair.  The  charges 
against  Tunney  were  read  and  he  pleaded 
not    guilty.      Three    witnesses    were    then 


called,  two  of  whom  testified  that  Tunney 
had  said  to  them  that  there  would  soon 
be  changes  because  he  "had  the  goods"  on 
Houle  and  was  going  to  expose  him.  They 
admitted  that  this  was  an  insinuation  that 
there  was  something  wrong  in  the  affairs 
of  the  union.  The  third  witness  testified 
he  had  not  heard  this  direct  from  Tunney 
but  that  it  was  common  talk  around  the 
plant  that  the  Mounties  had  confiscated 
the  union  books.  Two  witnesses  called  by 
Tunne}'  testified  that  they  had  never  heard 
him  make  these  statements. 

The  executive  then  retired  to  consider 
the  testimony.  They  concluded  unani- 
mously that  Tunney  was  guilty  of  the 
charge  and  found  him  largely  responsible 
for  the  false  rumours  against  Houle.  On 
August  7,  Tunney  was  notified  by  letter 
of  the  decision  and  of  his  expulsion  from 
the  union.  On  September  30  he  received 
the  balance  of  his  wages  from  the  company, 
with  a  letter  informing  him  that  he  could 
no  longer  be  employed  since  he  was  no 
longer  a  union  member. 

By  a  notice  in  writing  dated  August  12, 
1947,  the  plaintiff  appealed  to  the  general 
executive  board  of  the  international  union. 
His  letter  was  mislaid  and  was  not  acknowl- 
edged until  September  24.  In  the  mean- 
time he  commenced  the  court  action.  On 
December  29  he  was  informed  by  the 
general  secretary-treasurer  of  the  interna- 
tional that  his  appeal  was  to  be  heard  in 
Miami  on  February  3,  1948.  Tunney  did 
not  go  to  Miami,  and  on  February  11  he 
was  informed  that  the  executive  of  the 
international  had  decided  not  to  hear  his 
appeal  because  he  had  violated  the  con- 
stitution of  the  international  by  resorting 
to  court  action  before  exhausting  the 
remedies  provided  for  in  the  constitution. 

In  the  meantime,  on  September  2,  1947, 
the  plaintiff  and  some  38  other  members 
of  the  local  made  written  charges  against 
Houle  which  were  considered  by  the  local 
executive  board  on  September  19.  Tunney 
was  not  allowed  to  attend  the  meeting  or 
to  be  called  as  a  witness,  as  the  president 
ruled  that  only  members  could  be  called 
as  witnesses.  No  decision  was  arrived  at 
and  all  the  complainants  left  the  meeting. 
The  Chief  Justice  referred  to  this  pro- 
ceeding as  "a  farce". 

The  plaintiff  originally  sued  the  com- 
pany as  well  as  the  union  officers  on  behalf 
of  all  other  members  of  the  local.  Later 
the  name  of  the  company  was  struck  out. 
The  trial  took  place  on  five  days  in  April 
and  three  days  in  October  1950.  At  the 
time  of  the  trial  the  case  of  Kuzych  v. 
White,  which  was  similarly  an  action  by  a 
member   of    a   union    for    alleged    wrongful 


1811 


expulsion,  was  before  the  courts.  Two 
British  Columbia  courts  held  that  Kuzych 
had  been  unlawfully  expelled  but  the  Privy 
Council  ruled  that  Kuzych's  action  must 
fail  because  he  had  violated  the  union 
constitution  by  failing  to  follow  the  pre- 
scribed appeal  procedure  before  resorting 
to  court  action.  Chief  Justice  Williams 
explained  that  after  this  Privy  Council 
judgment  was  handed  down  in  June  1951, 
Kuzych  had  made  various  attempts  to 
reopen  the  case,  and  that  he  had  wanted 
to  know  the  result  before  giving  judgment 
in  the  case  at  bar.  He  understood  that 
Kuzych's  attempts  were  unsuccessful. 

The  international  constitution  of  the 
Teamsters'  union  also  forbids  recourse  to 
court  action  before  the  appeal  procedure 
has  been  followed.  For  this  reason  the 
Chief  Justice  proceeded  to  determine 
whether  the  plaintiff  was  bound  by  this 
constitution  or  whether  he  was  bound 
only  by  a  local  constitution.  Tunney 
submitted  as  evidence  two  booklets,  one 
as  the  constitution  and  by-laws  of  Local  119 
for  1924  to  1936,  and  the  other  as  the 
constitution  in  effect  since  1936.  The  union 
officers,  the  defendants  in  the  case,  denied 
that  there  was  any  local  constitution  and 
claimed  that  the  .  local  operated  solely 
under  the  constitution  of  the  international. 

His  Lordship  concluded  from  examining 
the  minute  books  that  the  local  did  have 
its  own  constitution.  The  minutes  showed 
that  at  a  meeting  in  1927  there  was  a 
motion  to  amend  Section  9  of  the  by-laws 
by  increasing  the  monthly  dues  from  $1.50 
to  $2.50.  This  could  only  refer  to  the 
local  constitution,  His  Lordship  empha- 
sized, as  there  was  no  suggestion  that  the 
local  could  amend  the  constitution  of  the 
international.  On  three  occasions  "the 
constitution"  was  suspended.  The  Chief 
Justice  concluded  that  the  first  booklet 
produced  by  Tunney  was  the  constitution 
of  the  local,  approved  by  the  president  of 
the  international,  and  that  this  constitution 
was  the  contract  between  the  individual 
union  member  and  the  union.  In  his  view, 
the  constitution  of  the  international  was 
not  part  of  the  contract  between  the  mem- 
bers of  Local  119,  in  spite  of  the  vague 
statement  in  the  local  constitution  that 
these  by-laws  were  to  be  enforced  "con- 
junctional with  the  Constitutional  Rules  of 
the  National  Union". 

The  constitution  of  the  international 
contained  this  provision  in  Article  XVIII, 
Section  13:  "Every  member  or  officer  of 
a  Local  Union  against  whom  charges  have 
been  preferred  and  disciplinary  action  taken 
as  a  result  thereof  shall  be  obliged  to 
exhaust   all   remedies   provided   for   in   this 


Constitution  and  by  the  International 
before  resorting  to  any  other  Court  or 
tribunal." 

The  constitution  of  the  local  contained 
this  provision:  "All  decisions  of  the  Exec- 
utive Board  shall  be  concurred  in  at  a 
regular  meeting  of  the  union  before  becom- 
ing effective.  The  accused  shall  have  the 
right  to  appeal  to  the  General  Executive 
Board." 

His  Lordship  concluded: — 

The  right  that  a  member  is  given  to 
appeal  to  the  general  executive  board ...  is 
optional  and  the  section  does  not  compel 
the  exercise  of  the  appeal  before  a  member 
can  resort  to  the  courts  in  a  proper  case. 
It  would  in  my  opinion  require  very  induc- 
ing evidence  to  satisfy  a  court  that  a 
resident  of  Manitoba,  who  on  joining  a  local 
union  receives  a  constitution  such  as  Ex.  73 
[the  constitution  of  the  local  submitted  as 
evidence  by  Tunney],  by  which  he  is  taken 
as  agreeing  to  be  bound,  was  at  the  same 
time  entering  into  any  contract  with  the 
International  in  the  terms  of  Ex.  3  [the 
constitution   of   the   International]. 

In  his  view,  therefore,  the  Privy  Council 
judgment  in  the  Kuzych  case  had  no  appli- 
cation to  the  case  at  bar. 

In  case  he  was  in  error  on  this  point 
the  Chief  Justice  considered  what  -iad  been 
done,  first,  as  if  only  the  local  constitution 
were  applicable  and  second,  as  if  the  local 
and  the  international  constitutions  both 
applied.  On  July  18  the  executive  board 
of  the  local  "temporarily  suspended"  the 
plaintiff  before  trial.  Neither  constitution 
authorized  this  action,  His  Lordship  stated. 
The  international  constitution  gave  the 
general  president  a  power  of  suspension 
when  charges  were  made  but  it  was  not 
claimed  that  the  general  president  took  any 
action. 

On  August  4  or  7  the  plaintiff  was 
"suspended  from  all  rights  and  privileges  of 
the  union".  The  powers  of  suspension 
given  by  the  local  constitution  did  not 
apply  to  a  case  such  as  the  plaintiff's.  The 
international  constitution  did  give  powers 
of  suspension  after  trial  on  certain  specified 
charges.  By  subsection  (10)  of  Article 
XVIII,  Section  5  (a)  a  charge  could  be 
laid  against  a  member  for  "activities  which 
tend  to  bring  the  Local  or  the  Interna- 
tional into  disrepute".  The  local  constitu- 
tion authorized  the  executive  board  to  try 
all  members  against  whom  charges  had 
been  laid  and  to  report  the  findings  at  the 
next  regular  meeting  of  the  local.  Charges 
signed  by  two  or  more  members  were  to 
be  submitted  in  writing  to  the  board, 
specifying  the  grievance.  The  secretary- 
treasurer  was   then  required   to   notify   the 


1812 


accused  and  witnesses  to  appear  before  the 
board,  allowing  reasonable  time  for  the 
accused  to  prepare  his  defence.  The 
accused  member  had  the  right  to  appeal  to 
the  general  executive  board  of  the  inter- 
national. Under  the  international  constitu- 
tion, before  any  member  of  a  local  could 
be  tried,  written  charges  against  him  laid 
by  another  member  must  be  filed  in  dupli- 
cate with  the  secretary  of  the  local,  and  a 
written  copy  of  the  charges  specifying  the 
nature  of  the  offence  must  be  served  on 
him  by  the  secretary. 

His  Lordship  concluded  that  no  member 
-of  the  local  ever  made  any  charge  in 
writing  against  Tunney  or  filed  any  charge 
with  the  secretary  or  with  the  executive 
board.  The  letter  received  by  Tunney 
stated  that  a  charge  had  been  laid  against 
him  under  Article  XVIII,  Section  5  (a) 
(10),  but  it  did  not  contain  the  charge. 
The  references  in  the  letter  to  Tunney's 
offence  were  termed  "innuendo"  and 
"rhetoric"  by  Chief  Justice  Williams.  No 
charge  had  been  made  in  writing  in  accord- 
ance with  the  constitution. 

He  also  considered  that  if  Tunney  had 
made  the  remarks  referred  to  in  the  letter, 
this  could  not  possibly  be  deemed  an 
activity  which  tended  to  bring  the  local  or 
the  international  into  disrepute,  whatever 
effect  it  might  have  on  the  secretary.  He 
held  that  the  statements  alleged  to  have 
been  made  by  the  plaintiff  were  not  a 
ground  for  a  charge  within  the  provisions 
of  either  constitution. 

His  Lordship  then  considered  the  trial 
given  to  Tunney.  The  international  con- 
stitution provided  that  if  the  member 
making  the  charge  were  a  member  of  the 
executive  board,  a  disinterested  member 
must  be  appointed  as  his  substitute  at  the 
trial.  The  local  constitution  required  a 
"fair  and  impartial"  trial.  In  Tunney's 
case,  Houle  was  undoubtedly  the  moving 
spirit  but  the  other  members  of  the  exec- 
utive willingly  joined  with  him  and  in 
effect  the  charge  against  Tunney  was  made 
by  them  all.  Yet  only  Houle  was  replaced 
at  the  trial.  His  Lordship  considered  that 
all  the  members  of  the  board  were  dis- 
qualified for  interest.  He  held  that  in  any 
case  there  was  no  jurisdiction  over  the 
alleged  charge  and  the  proceedings  were 
entirely  ultra  vires. 

The  local  constitution  stipulated  that  all 
decisions  of  the  executive  board  must  be 
approved  at  a  regular  meeting  of  the  local 
before  becoming  effective.  The  Chief 
Justice  quoted  the  minutes  of  the  meeting 
en  August  29  at  which  Tunney's  suspension 
was  reported,  which  gave  no  evidence  that 
the  board's  decision  was  ever  concurred  in. 


He  held  therefore  that  under  the  terms  of 
the  constitution  the  decision  had  never 
become  effective.  Since  there  was  no  effec- 
tive decision  of  the  executive  board  there 
was  nothing  from  which  to  appeal,  and  the 
provision  in  the  international  constitution 
requiring  an  appeal  to  be  made  before  a 
court  action  could  be  taken  was  not 
applicable.  The  Chief  Justice  stated  that 
the  union  constitution  considered  in 
Kuzych  v.  White  contained  no  such  provi- 
sion requiring  the  board's  decision  to  be 
approved,  and  for  this  reason  also  he 
distinguished  the  case  at  bar  from  the 
Kuzych  judgment. 

Holding  that  the  purported  expulsion  of 
the  plaintiff  was  in  bad  faith,  that  the  rules 
of  the  constitution  had  not  been  observed, 
and  that  the  fundamental  principles  of 
justice  were  disregarded,  the  Court  granted 
the  injunction  sought  by  the  plaintiff  and 
awarded  him  $5,000  in  damages  from  the 
defendants. 

The  Chief  Justice  then  dealt  with  the 
charges  made  by  the  plaintiff  against  Houle. 
The  plaintiff  claimed  "an  accounting  by  the 
defendant  Houle  of  all  moneys  paid  to  and 
received  by  him  and  all  moneys  disbursed 
and  expended  by  him  on  behalf  of  the 
defendant  local  Union  No.  119,  during  his 
tenure  of  the  dual  office  of  secretary- 
treasurer  and  business  agent . . .",  that  is, 
for  the  period  from  September  23,  1940 
to  October  6,  1947,  the  date  the  statement 
of  claim  was  issued.  The  first  charge  con- 
cerned the  initiation  stamps  of  $1  each  and 
the  monthly  dues  stamps  of  30  cents  each 
which  the  local  had  purchased  from  the 
international  as  it  was  required  to  do.  It 
was  charged  that  Houle  had  given  these 
stamps  to  members  of  the  local  and  to 
members  of  other  unions  without  receiving 
proper  payment  for  them.  He  also 
destroyed  large  quantities  of  stamps  each 
year.  No  proper  accounting  was  kept  of 
any  of  these  transactions.  Houle  himself 
admitted  that  he  had  given  stamps  to 
members  of  other  unions  without  charge 
and  that  he  was  burning  "thousands  of 
them"  each  year.  The  Chief  Justice  there- 
fore held  this  charge  proved.  Since  it  was 
impossible  to  determine  the  amount  lost 
from  the  local's  funds  in  this  way,  His 
Lordship  found  Houle  liable  for  $5,000  on 
this  charge,  but  stated  that  if  either  party 
desired  a  reference  it  could  be  had. 

The  second  charge  was  that  in  many 
cases  Houle  had  failed  to  collect  the 
initiation  fee  set  by  the  constitution.  The 
Court  found  this  charge  proved,  and  fixed 
the  amount  for  which  Houle  was  liable  at 
$1,000,  subject  to  a  request  from  either 
party  for  a  reference. 


1813 


On  the  charge  of  permitting  members 
not  to  pay  the  SI  a  month  for  the  sick 
benefit  fund  required  by  the  constitution 
and  of  arbitrarily  transferring  funds  from 
the  general  funds  of  the  local  to  the  sick 
benefit  fund  when  it  showed  a  deficit,  Houle 
was  required  by  the  Court  to  account  for 
S4 .076.80.  To  determine  the  amount  paid 
by  Houle  in  death  benefits  not  authorized 
by  the  constitution  a  reference  to  the  Master 
of  the  Court  was  directed.  Houle  was  also 
required  to  account  for  S5.000  and  $300  of 
the   local's   funds   which   he   had   invested, 


and  for  any  loss  incurred  on  a  loan  made 
by  him  without  any  authority  out  of  the 
union  funds. 

The  Chief  Justice  found  that  Houle  had 
completely  disregarded  the  constitution  of 
the  local  and  had  done  whatever  seemed 
good  in  his  own  eyes.  He  stated  that  the 
sums  to  be  accounted  for  by  Houle  would 
be  the  property  of  the  local,  and  directed 
the  money  to  be  paid  into  the  Court 
subject  to  the  further  order  of  the  Court. 
The  plaintiff  was  granted  the  costs  of  his 
action.  Tunney  v.  Orchard  et  al  [1053] 
0  WWR  (XS)  625. 


Recent  Regulations,  Federal  and  Provincial 

Minimum  wage  set  for  women  in  Nova  Scotia  fish-processing  industry. 
Northern  Saskatchewan  exempt  from  Hours  of  Work  Act;  province's 
apprenticeship  regulations  revised,  pipe-fitting  now  designated  trade 


A  new  minimum  wage  order  for  women 
in  the  fish-processing  industry  in  Nova 
Scotia  established  a  minimum  rate  of  35 
cents  an  hour.  The  Saskatchewan  Hours 
of  Work  Act  has  been  declared  not  to 
apply  to  the  northern  part  of  the  prov- 
ince. In  Saskatchewan,  in  line  with  the 
Department  of  Labour  program  of  regula- 
tion of  the  installation  of  gas  equipment 
under  the  new  Gas  Inspection  and  Licensing 
Act,  provision  has  been  made  under  the 
Apprenticeship  and  Tradesmen's  Qualifica- 
tion Act  for  the  training  of  apprentices  in 
pipe-fitting  and  gas-fitting.  A  new  revi- 
sion of  the  apprenticeship  regulations  made 
changes  in  wage  rates  in  the  barbering, 
beauty  culture  and  electrical  trades. 


FEDERAL 

Canada  Shipping  Act 

Pilotage   By-laws 

District  of  Humbcr  Arm,  Newfoundland 

New  by-laws  made  by  the  Pilotage 
Commissioners  of  Humber  Arm,  New- 
foundland, on  June  8  were  approved  by 
P.C.  1953-1375  on  September  9  and 
gazetted  September  23.  They  are  very 
similar  to  those  recently  approved  for  the 
port  of  Port  aux  Basques  (L.G.,  Nov., 
P.  1653). 

All  pilots  must  be  licensed  by  the  Board 
of      Pilotage      Commissioners,      which      is 


responsible  for  directing  the  operations  of 
the  pilotage  service.  Before  obtaining  a 
licence,  an  applicant  must  be  examined  by 
the  Board  or  some  qualified  person 
appointed  by  it.  Licences  must  be 
endorsed  annually  at  the  beginning  of  the 
shipping  season  by  the  chairman  of  the 
Board,  and  pilots  may  be  required  to  have 
a  complete  medical  examination  before 
being  engaged. 

When  on  duty,  a  pilot  must  always 
carry  his  licence  and  a  copy  of  the  by- 
laws, and  must  be  civil,  courteous  and 
strictly  sober.  Pilots  must  be  available 
for  duty  at  all  times,  except  when  on 
vacation,  and  unless  all  are  engaged  in 
piloting  vessels,  at  least  one  must  be  on 
duty  at  the  pilot  station  or  on  board  the 
pilot  boat  whenever  the  pilotage  limits 
are  open  to  navigation.  The  chief  pilot 
or  his  assistant  pilot  must  report  to  a 
commissioner  daily  to  ascertain  expected 
arrivals  and  departures. 

The  pilot  must  hail  a  vessel  which 
enters  the  pilotage  limits,  unless  it  is  one 
exempted  from  dues  under  the  by-laws,  to 
determine  whether  or  not  a  pilot  is 
required  and  immediately  notify  the 
secretary-treasurer  of  the  Board  when  a 
vessel  has  entered  the  limits  and  been 
offered-  pilotage  services.  Pilots  must 
eise  the  utmost  care  for  the  safe 
conduct  of  the  vessel  under  their  charge, 
and  any  damage  to  vessels  or  other  prop- 
er) v     must    be     immediately    reported    in 


1814 


writing  to  the  chairman  or  secretary- 
treasurer.  The  pilot  must  also  report  any 
aids  to  navigation  which  are  not  operating, 
are   out   of  position   or  missing. 

It  is  the  pilot's  duty  to  keep  himself 
informed  and  to  verify  from  time  to  time 
the  depths  of  water  alongside  all  wharves, 
approaches  to  wharves  and  anchorages. 
Pilots  must  assist  in  maintaining  the  pilot 
house,  and  must  supply  their  own  food. 

The  boatman  is  required  to  keep  the 
pilot  boat  in  good  order  and  constantly 
ready  for  service,  and  to  report  promptly 
to  the  chief  pilot  any  defects  of  the 
engine  or  boat.  He  will  receive  running 
instructions  from  the  chief  pilot  or 
assistant  pilot. 

A  vacation  of  two  weeks  with  pay  must 
be  granted  to  each  pilot  after  one  year 
of  service.  The  salaries  of  pilots  and 
boatman,  payable  semi-monthly,  are  to  be 
determined  by  the  Board  at  its  annual 
meeting  in  January  or  February.  At  the 
end  of  each  financial  year  any  surplus  of 
funds  above  a  safe  operating  capital  must 
be  divided  among  the  pilots  and  the  boat- 
man at  the  discretion  of  the  Board. 

The  pilotage  dues,  which  are  appended 
to  the  by-laws,  vary  according  to  regis- 
tered tonnage  of  the  vessel.  For  moving  a 
vessel  within  a  harbour  the  charge  is  $12 
and  for  moving  a  vessel  from  one  harbour 
to  another  the  charge  is  $20.  The  dues  for 
subsidized  mail  steamers  vary  according  to 
the  horsepower  of  the  vessel  at  the  rate 
of  ten  cents  for  each  horsepower.  Ships 
entering  the  pilotage  limits  for  refuge  and 
hospital  ships  of  the  Government  of 
Canada  are  required  to  pay  only  half  the 
fixed  pilotage  dues.  No  ship  will  be  com- 
pelled to  accept  the  services  of  a  pilot 
but  dues  must  be  paid  whenever  pilotage 
services  are  used  or  offered.  Fishing 
vessels  (except  when  on  a  voyage  between 
the  port  and  a  place  outside  the  prov- 
ince), coastal  vessels,  government  ships, 
and  small  pleasure  yachts  are  exempt 
from  dues. 

The  by-laws  are  issued  under  the  New- 
foundland Act  "Of  Out-port  Pilots  and 
Pilotage"  which  remains  in  force  pending 
proclamation  in  Newfoundland  of  Part  VI 
of  the  Canada  Shipping  Act.  All  former 
by-laws  for  the  district  are  repealed. 

Montreal  District 

A  new  By-law  11  for  the  Montreal 
Pilotage  District  changes  certain  provisions 
for  the  licensing  of  apprentice  pilots. 

To  be  granted  a  licence  as  an  apprentice 
pilot,  an  applicant  must  be  at  least  18  and 


not  over  25  years  of  age.  The  age  limit 
of  25  years  was  in  effect  until  1950  when  it 
was  lowered  to  22  years. 

A  new  section  requires  the  applicant  to 
be  declared  mentally  and  physically  fit  for 
his  duties  by  a  medical  officer  appointed 
by  the  Pilotage  Authority.  As  before,  he 
must  pass  an  examination  in  reading, 
writing,  arithmetic  and  dictation.  The 
examination  now  includes  dictation  in  both 
French  and  English. 

Formerly,  an  applicant  for  a  licence  was 
required  to  produce  a  certificate  showing 
he  had  served  at  least  12  months  before 
the  mast  on  an  ocean-going  vessel  engaged 
in  the  foreign  trade,  or  coasting  trade  south 
of  Cape  Hatteras.  Under  the  new  by-law, 
his  12  months  on  deck  may  have  been 
served  on  a  foreign-going,  home  trade  or 
inland  waters  steamship. 

The  fee  for  a  licence  remains  $5. 

The  by-law  was  approved  by  P.C.  1953- 
1514  on  September  29  and  gazetted 
October  14. 

British  Columbia  District 

Some  increases  in  movage  dues  in  the 
British  Columbia  Pilotage  District  were 
made  in  a  revision  of  By-law  5  which  was 
confirmed  by  P.C.  1953-1543  on  October  7, 
gazetted  October  28.  For  the  most  part, 
pilotage  dues  and  detention  rates  are 
unchanged.  The  minimum  charge  for 
tonnage  of  any  vessel  is  now  $25  instead 
of  $15  and  the  tonnage  on  which  pilotage 
dues  are  paid  is  increased  from  5,000  to 
6,000  tons.  The  surcharge  of  10  per  cent 
continues  in  effect. 

The  same  Order  in  Council  amended 
By-law  15  to  provide  for  a  Pilots'  Com- 
mittee of  five  rather  than  three  pilots. 
This  Committee  is  appointed  each  April 
by  the  pilots  in  the  district  to  represent 
them  in  all  matters  in  which  pilots  are 
concerned. 

PROVINCIAL 

Nova   Scotia   Women's  Minimum  Wage  Act 

A  minimum  wage  rate  of  35  cents  an 
hour  is  now  established  for  experienced 
women  workers  in  the  Nova  Scotia  fish- 
processing  industry.  The  industry,  as 
defined  in  an  order  made  under  the 
Women's  Minimum  Wage  Act,  includes 
washing,  preparing,  preserving,  drying, 
curing,  smoking,  packing  or  otherwise 
adapting  any  kind  of  fish  for  sale,  ship- 
ment or  use. 


1815 


The  rates  set  for  an  inexperienced 
female  employee  are  29  cents  an  hour  for 
the  first  month,  31  cents  an  hour  for  the 
second  and  33  cents  an  hour  for  the  third 
month,  after  which  she  is  classed  as  an 
experienced  employee.  Not  more  than  25 
per  cent  of  the  emploj^ees  in  any  establish- 
ment may  be  classed  as  inexperienced.  No 
employee  may  receive  less  than  three 
hours'  pay  in  any  one  day. 

The  rates  fixed  are  for  a  maximum  of 
48  hours  a  week  or  for  the  normal  number 
of  weekly  hours  if  they  are  less  than  48. 
Overtime  at  the  rate  of  time  and  one-half 
must  be  paid  for  time  worked  in  excess  of 
these  hours.  Time  during  which  an 
employee  is  on  call  on  the  premises  is  to 
be  considered  as  time  worked. 

If  an  employer  furnishes  board  and 
lodging,  he  may  deduct  from  the  minimum 
rates  up  to  $2  a  week  for  lodging  and  up 
to  $5  a  week  for  board.  Deductions  for 
single  meals  may  not  exceed  25  cents  a 
meal.  Part-time  workers  may  not  be 
charged  for  more  than  one  meal  in  any 
four-hour  working  period.  No  deductions 
from  the  minimum  rates  may  be  made  for 
the  use,  purchase  or  laundering  of  uniforms 
or  any  other  special  wearing  apparel 
required  by  the  employer. 

The  order  was  made  March  25,  approved 
by  Order  in  Council  on  August  7,  and 
gazetted  September  9. 

Ontario  Mothers'  Allowances  Act 

Amendments  to  the  general  regulations 
under  the  Ontario  Mothers'  Allowances  Act 
were  approved  by  O.Reg.  173/53  on 
September  17  and  gazetted  October  3. 
They  deal  with  the  allowance  to  be 
granted  for  fuel,  the  evidence  to  be 
furnished  under  certain  circumstances  of  a 
birth,  marriage  or  death  which  occurred 
outside  Ontario,  and  the  time  and  method 
of  paying  allowances. 

The  maximum  fuel  allowance  is  now 
fixed  at  $24  a  month,  which  may  be 
granted  to  a  needy  mother  from  September 
1  to  March  31  each  year  where  the  Director 
considers  it  necessary.  Previously,  the 
allowance  to  be  paid  for  fuel  was  based 
on  the  cost  of  coke  and  the  number  of 
rooms  to  be  heated. 

As  before,  if  a  mother  applying  for  an 
allowance  was  married  outside  Ontario,  or 
if  her  husband  died  outside  Ontario,  or  if 
one  of  her  children  was  born  outside 
Ontario,  she  must  furnish  proof  of  the 
birth,  marriage,  or  death  by  a  certificate 
issued  in  the  province,  state  or  country  in 
which  the  birth,  marriage  or  death  occurred. 


A  foster  mother  must  furnish  such  evidence 
if  any  foster  child  was  born  outside  the 
province,  if  the  parents  of  any  foster  child 
were  married  outside  the  province  or  if 
either  of  the  parents  died  outside  the  prov- 
ince. It  is  now  provided  that  the  Director 
may  accept  other  evidence  of  the  birth, 
marriage  or  death  if  he  is  satisfied  that  the 
applicant  is  unable  to  produce  the  proper 
certificate.  The  applicant  may  submit 
either  one  item  of  Class  A  evidence  of 
birth,  marriage  or  death  or  two  items  of 
Class  B  evidence,  as  prescribed  in  the  vital 
statistics  regulations.  An  example  of  Class 
A  evidence  of  birth  is  a  copy  of  the  hospital 
record  of  the  birth  certified  by  a  com- 
petent hospital  official,  and  an  example  of 
Class  B  evidence  of  birth  is  a  letter  or 
telegram  addressed  to  either  or  both 
parents  setting  out  the  date  of  the  birth 
and  dated  not  more  than  one  month  later. 

If  the  Director  is  satisfied  that  it  is  not 
practicable  to  obtain  proof  by  any  of  these 
methods,  he  may  require  the  Advisory 
Board  to  make  an  investigation  into  the 
facts  by  taking  evidence  on  oath  and 
receiving  such  documentary  evidence  as 
may  be  available,  and  may  accept  its  find- 
ings as  proof. 

As  before,  allowances  are  to  be  paid  by 
cheque,  monthly  in  arrears,  from  the  first 
day  of  the  month  following  the  month  in 
which  the  allowance  is  granted.  The 
Director  may  now  permit  payments  to 
begin  on  an  earlier  date  where  an  allowance 
is  not  granted  until  after  the  month  in 
which  the  application  was  received,  due  to 
circumstances  beyond  the  control  of  the 
applicant.  He  may  fix  the  date,  but  it  may 
not  be  before  the  date  the  application  was 
received  or  more  than  three  months  before 
the  date  on  which  he  makes  the  grant, 
whichever  is  later. 

Saskatchewan  Apprenticeship  and 
Tradesmen's  Qualification  Act 

The  growth  of  the  Saskatchewan  oil  and 
gas  industries  has  led  to  changes  in  the 
apprenticeship  program.  The  schedule  of 
designated  trades  under  the  Apprenticeship 
and  Tradesmen's  Qualification  Act  was 
amended  to  add  the  trade  of  pipe-fitting, 
which  is  defined  to  include  gas-fitting.  At 
the  same  time  the  existing  definition  of 
the  plumbing  trade  was  widened  to  include 
gas-fitting.  Thus  provision  is  made  for 
both  apprentice  pipe-fitters  and  apprentice 
plumbers  to  receive  training  in  gas-fitting. 

The  new  trade  of  "pipe-fitting"  is  defined 
as  the  installing,  maintaining,  altering  or 
repairing  of  any  system  of  piping  or  part 


1816 


of  a  system,  excluding  any  work  designated 
as  the  "plumbing"  trade,  and,  as  noted 
above,  including  the  installing,  maintaining, 
altering  or  repairing  of  any  gas  installation 
or  equipment  to  which  the  Gas  Inspection 
and  Licensing  Act  applies. 

As  before,  "plumbing"  covers  the  instal- 
lation, fitting,  altering  or  repairing  of  water 
or  soil  pipes,  rain  water  leaders,  baths, 
water  closets  and  other  sanitary  and  fire 
protection  apparatus,  including  the  junc- 
tions to  the  mains  and  sewers  and  the 
connecting  of  tanks  to  mains  and  sewers. 
To  this  definition  has  been  added  "the 
installing,  maintaining,  altering  or  repair- 
ing of  any  gas  installation  or  equipment  to 
which  the  Gas  Inspection  and  Licensing 
Act  applies". 

Further  amendments  to  the  schedule  of 
designated  trades  made  by  proclamation  of 
October  16,  gazetted  October  24  and  effec- 
tive November  14,  substituted  the  term 
"gas  welding"  for  "oxyacetylene  welding" 
and  changed  the  definitions  of  this  trade 
and  the  electric  arc  welding  trade  so  that 
they  no  longer  exclude  welding  on  any 
boiler,  pressure  vessel  or  pressure  piping 
which  is  subject  to  inspection  under  the 
Boiler  and  Pressure  Vessel  Act  or 
regulations. 

The  general  regulations,  trade  regula- 
tions and  forms  under  the  Act  were 
replaced  by  new  regulations  approved  by 
O.C.  2120/53  on  October  16,  also  effective 
November  14.  Trade  rules  are  laid  down 
for  the  newly-designated  pipe-fitting  trade 
and  provision  is  made  for  training  in  gas- 
fitting  in  the  plumbing  trade. 

Registration  is  now  obligatory  for  any 
employer  who  engages  tradesmen  in  most 
designated  trades,  whether  or  not  the 
employer  himself  is  engaged  in  the  trade. 
Previously,  only  employers  engaged  in  the 
trades  were  required  to  register  annually. 

Trade  Rules 

The  trade  regulations  issued  for  the 
pipe-fitting  trade  follow  the  pattern  of 
regulations  for  the  other  trades.  The 
trade  is  considered  a  branch  of  the 
Plumbing  and  Pipe-fitting  Trade.  The  fee 
for  any  examination  is  $5  plus  the  cost  of 
material.  Before  obtaining  a  certificate  of 
journeyman's  status,  a  person  must  work 
a  minimum  of  10,000  hours,  including  time 
credits  for  appropriate  trade  training. 

Fees  for  the  renewal  of  certificates  of 
status  in  the  trade  are  to  be  paid  Septem- 
ber 1  in  the  year  in  which  they  fall  due. 

The  ratio  of  registered  apprentices  to 
journeymen  is  one  to  three,  but  where  an 
employer  employs  either  one  or  two 
journeymen      one      apprentice      may      be 


employed.  The  ratio  is  one  to  three  in  all 
the  designated  trades  except  the  electrical 
trade,  where  the  ratio  is  one  apprentice  to 
each  journeyman,  the  sheet  metal  trade, 
where  it  is  one  to  two,  and  the  barbering 
and  beauty  culture  trades  where  the  ratio, 
previously  one  to  three,  is  now  one  to  one. 

Amendments  to  the  regulations  for  both 
the  beauty  culture  and  barbering  trades 
raise  apprentice  wages  to  the  level  of  the 
current  minimum  wage  applicable  in  the 
area  where  the  apprentice  is  employed. 
An  apprentice  in  the  beauty  culture  trade 
may  not  receive  less  than  the  minimum 
wage.  An  apprentice  barber  may  not 
receive  less  than  the  minimum  wage  or 
60  per  cent  of  gross  earnings,  whichever  is 
the  greater.  The  present  minimum  wage 
rate  is  $26  a  week  in  cities  and  the  nine 
larger  towns  and  $24.50  in  the  rest  of  the 
province.  The  former  rates  in  the  barber- 
ing trade  for  four  six-month  periods  of 
apprenticeship  were  as  follows:  $18  a  week 
for  the  first  six  months;  $18  a  week  or 
50  per  cent  of  the  apprentice's  gross  earn- 
ings, if  greater,  for  the  second;  $21  or 
55  per  cent  of  gross  earnings,  if  greater, 
for  the  third;  and  $25  or  60  per  cent  of 
gross  earnings,  if  greater,  for  the  fourth. 
Former  rates  in  the  beauty  culture  trade 
were:  $18  a  week  for  the  first  six  months; 
$18  or  40  per  cent  of  the  apprentice's  gross 
earnings  for  work  on  permanent  waves  and 
60  per  cent  of  his  gross  earnings  for  all 
other  work  for  the  second  six  months;  $21 
or  the  above  percentage  rates,  for  the 
third;  and  the  current  minimum  wage  or 
the  above  percentage  rates  for  the  fourth. 

Another  amendment  with  respect  to 
wages  in  the  electrical  trade  sets  the 
regular  rate  of  wages  of  an  apprentice  in 
the  last  2,000  hours  of  his  apprenticeship 
period  at  70  per  cent  of  the  journeyman's 
prevailing  rate  rather  than  75  per  cent,  as 
previously. 

Fees  for  examinations  in  several  trades 
were  changed  slightly.  In  both  branches 
of  the  welding  trades,  the  fee  to  be  charged 
in  addition  to  the  $5  examination  fee  is 
$1  for  each  test  weld  rather  than  "the  cost 
of  any  material  supplied  to  the  candidate 
for  such  examination".  A  practical  test  is 
now  specifically  included  in  examinations 
in  the  motor  vehicle  body  repair  trade. 
The  fee  for  an  examination  in  this  trade 
remains  $10.  In  the  bricklaying  trade,  the 
$5  examination  fee  now  applies  to  either 
a  written  or  a  practical  examination. 

As  previously,  every  tradesman  in,  or 
within  a  five-mile  radius  of,  any  city  or 
the  towns  of  Estevan  and  Melville  who  is 
engaged  in  barbering,  beauty  culture, 
carpentry,     plumbing     or     motor     vehicle 


1817 


mechanics  repair  must  hold  a  certificate  of 
his  status  in  the  trade,  and  may  not  work 
at  his  trade  unless  he  holds  the  required 
certificate. 

General   Regulations 

A  few  changes  were  made  in  the  general 
regulations.  The  regulations  specify  that 
contracts  of  apprenticeship  existing  before 
the  new  regulations  came  into  force  con- 
tinue in  effect,  subject  to  the  new  regula- 
tions. It  is  now  provided  that,  when  the 
Director  has  approved  and  registered  a 
contract,  the  apprentice  shall  receive  a 
certificate  of  apprenticeship  valid  during 
the  term  of  the  contract.  When  he  has 
obtained  a  certificate  of  journeyman's 
status  in  his'  trade,  he  is  to  receive  a 
certificate  indicating  that  he  has  success- 
fully completed  his  apprenticeship. 

No  fee  is  required  for  any  trade  test  or 
examination  during  the  apprenticeship 
period,  but  an  apprentice  must  pay  the 
required  fee  for  a  trade  examination  for 
a  •  certificate  of  status.  If  no  fee  is  speci- 
fied in  the  general  or  trade  regulations  for 
any  examination,  a  fee  of  $5  is  to  be  paid. 

As  before,  a  person  required  to  hold  a 
certificate  of  status  who  has  not  had 
opportunity  to  take  an  examination  or 
satisfies  the  inspector  that  he  has  good 
reason  for  not  taking  the  examination  may 
be  granted  a  permit  or  temporary  certifi- 
cate of  status.  This  temporary  certificate 
will  remain  in  effect  until  the  date  of  any 
examination  the  person  is  notified  to  take. 
Previously,  it  expired  30  days  after  the 
person  was  notified  of  the  examination. 

The  period  during  which  a  person  may 
file  an  appeal  protesting  against  the  status 
granted  to  him  has  been  lengthened  from 
five  days  after  receiving  the  certificate  to 
60  days.  The  notice  of  appeal  and  the 
required  fee  must  be  sent  to  the  Director, 
who  will  refer  the  appeal  to  an  examining 
board.  The  fee  for  the  appeal  remains  $25 
and  a  fee  must  be  paid  for  any  examina- 
tion taken  in  connection  with  an  appeal. 
The  latter  fee  as  well  as  the  former  may 
now  be  refunded  to  an  appellant  if  he  is 
granted  a  higher  certificate  as  a  result  of 
the  appeal. 


As  before,  a  certificate  of  status  must  be 
posted  in  the  holder's  place  of  business. 
Both  the  employer  and  the  employee  are 
now  held  responsible  for  its  posting. 

Previously,  an  employer  in  any  desig- 
nated trade  except  the  electrical  trade  was 
required  to  register  each  year  during  the 
month  of  January  and  to  pay  a  registra- 
tion fee  of  $2  plus  an  additional  $2  for 
each  of  the  average  number  of  tradesmen 
employed  by  him  in  the  preceding  year. 
This  requirement  has  now  been  extended 
to  any  employer  who  engages  tradesmen 
in  any  one  of  the  designated  trades, 
excluding  the  painting,  plastering  or  elec- 
trical trades,  whether  or  not  he  himself  is 
engaged  in  the  trade.  The  same  fee  is 
payable  where  an  employer  ceases  to 
employ  tradesmen  after  employing  them  for 
less  than  a  year. 

A  tradesman's  annual  licence  issued  under 
any  other  Act  in  the  province  authorizing 
the  holder  to  work  at  a  designated  trade 
is  considered  a  valid  certificate  for  the 
purpose  of  these  regulations.  Formerly,  this 
provision  applied  only  to  journeymen's 
licences  under  the  Electrical  Inspection  and 
Licensing  Act. 

Saskatchewan  Hours  of  Work  Act 

The  Saskatchewan  Hours  of  Work  Act, 
which  earlier  this  year  was  extended  to 
apply  to  the  entire  province  (L.G.,  Aug., 
p.  1191),  has  now  been  declared  not  to 
apply  to  any  occupation  engaged  in  in  the 
portion  of  Saskatchewan  north  of  Town- 
ship 62,  with  the  exception  of  the  village 
of  Creighton,  the  hamlet  of  Lac  la  Ronge. 
and  in  each  case  a  five-mile  radius.  The 
main  occupations  in  this  region,  which  lies 
in  the  northern  third  of  the  province, 
starting  somewhat  north  of  54°  latitude, 
are  fishing,  hunting  and  mining. 

The  Act  limits  working  hours  to  eight 
in  a  day  and  44  in  a  week  unless  overtime 
at  the  rate  of  time  and  one-half  is  paid 
for  any  longer  time  worked.  These  restric- 
tions on  hours  have  been  relaxed  to  some 
extent,  however,  by  regulation  permitting 
a  48-hour  week  to  be  worked  in  smaller 
centres. 

The  order  was  approved  by  O.C.  2050  53 
on  October  2  and  gazetted  October  9. 


Canadian  manufacturers  employed  a  record  1,273,187  persons  last  year,  compared  with 
1,258,375  in  1951.  And,  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics  reports,  for  the  sixth  straight 
year  the  value  of  products  manufactured  in  Canada  rose  to  a  new  high  level,  climbing  to 
$16,915,215,000.  a  sum  of  $523,028,000  greater  than  1951's  peak  of  $16,392,187,000. 


1818 


Unemployment  Insurance 


Report  of  Unemployment  Insurance 
Advisory  Committee  for  1952-53 

Special  review  of  cases  that  remain  on  unemployment  insurance  benefit 
for  several  months  is  recommended  to  ascertain  whether  counselling, 
training  or  retraining  would  help  them  find  suitable  employment. 
Fund  is  adequate  to  meet  any  foreseeable  conditions,  Committee  reports 


The  problem  of  claimants  who  remain 
on  unemployment  insurance  benefit  for 
long  periods  was  discussed  by  the  Unem- 
ployment Insurance  Advisory  Committee 
at  its  last  meeting.  The  members  felt 
that  further  studies  should  be  made  of  the 
employment  and  claim  records  of  long-term 
claimants,  with  a  view  to  determining 
more  accurately  what  their  particular 
problems  are  and  to  better  assist  in  their 
rehabilitation. 

The  Committee  called  attention  to  the 
desirability  of  extending  the  Commission's 
counselling  facilities  to  this  end. 

The  Committee  was  of  the  opinion  that 
the  Unemployment  Insurance  Fund  is 
adequate  to  meet  any  foreseeable  condition. 

Established  under  the  provisions  of  the 
Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  the  Advisory 
Committee's  chief  function  is  to  keep  a 
close  watch  on  the  financial  condition  of 
the  Unemployment  Insurance  Fund  and  to 
report  its  findings  each  year.  If  the  fund 
is  found  to  be  either  insufficient  or  more 
than  sufficient  to  discharge  its  obligations 
the  Committee  may  make  such  remedial 
recommendations  as  it  may  deem  necessary. 

The  Advisory  Committee  consists  of  a 
chairman,  four  members  appointed  after 
consultation  with  organizations  representa- 
tive of  employers  and  an  equal  number 
after  consultation  with  organizations  rep- 
resentative of  employed  persons. 

The  Committee's  report  for  the  fiscal 
year  1952-53  was  tabled  in  the  House  of 
Commons  at  the  opening  of  the  present 
session  of  Parliament.  Following  is  the 
text  of  the  report: — 
To  His  Excellency 

The  Governor  General  in  Council: 

1.  Section  84(1)  of  the  Unemployment 
Insurance  Act  requires  the  Unemployment 
Insurance  Advisory  Committee  to  report  not 
later  than  July  31  each  year  on  the  financial 
condition  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance 
Fund  as  at  the  preceding  March  31. 

2.  The  Committee  met  on  July  14  and  15 
and  received  from  the  Unemployment  Insur- 
ance    Commission    financial     and    statistical 


statements  for  the  year  ending  March  31, 
1953.  These  reports  were  supplemented  by 
further-  information  and  explanations,  by  a 
report  from  the  Actuarial  Adviser,  Depart- 
ment of  Insurance,  and  by  statistical  data 
-from  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics. 

3.  The  Committee  noted  with  appreciation 
that  the  amendment  to  the  Act  continuing 
the  payment  of  benefit  to  those  who  became 
ill,  injured  or  quarantined  during  periods  of 
unemployment  had  been  approved  by  Parlia- 
ment and  had  been  proclaimed  effective 
August  3  next.  It  draws  attention  to  the 
recommendation  contained  in  its  letter  to 
the  Minister  of  Labour,  dated  April  28, 
1953,  as  follows:  — 

"The  Committee  is  aware  of  the  fact  that 
demands  have  been  made  for  a  much  more 
extensive  plan  of  coverage  for  periods  of 
incapacity.  For  the  time  being,  and  for  the 
purpose  of  gaining  experience  in  the  admin- 
istration of  an  income  maintenance  scheme 
■during  periods  of  incapacity,  it  is  recom- 
mended that  the  above  amendment  be 
adopted. 

""^"The  Committee  further  recommends  to 
the  Government:  That  the  Unemployment 
Insurance  Commission  investigate  various 
plans  for  income  maintenance  during  in- 
capacity and  report  on  the  feasibility  of 
such  plans  forming  part  of  the  unemploy- 
ment insurance  scheme,  showing  in  particular 
the  costs  thereof,  which  would  in  turn 
depend  upon  establishment  of  waiting 
periods,  the  duration  of  benefits,  types  of 
incapacity  to  be  covered." 
The  Unemployment  Insurance  Commission 
advised  the  Committee  that,  as  far  as 
practicable,  careful  records  would  be  main- 
tained in  order  that  the  effect  of  the  amend- 
ment will  be  known  and  such  records  will  he 
given  careful  scrutiny  by  the  Committee  at 
later  meetings. 

4.  The  balance  at  the  credit  of  the  Unem- 
ployment Insurance  Fund  at  March  31, 
1953,  was  $851,585,164.66,  an  increase  of 
$73,386,000  in  the  twelve-month  period.  This 
compares  with  an  increase  of  $113,000,000 
in  the  fiscal  year  1951-52  and  $82,000,000 
in  the  fiscal  year   1950-51. 

5.  The  whole  fund,  except  for  immediate 
cash  requirements,  is  invested  in  obligations 
of  or  guaranteed  by  the  Government  of 
Canada.  These  investments  are  carried  on 
the  balance  sheet  at  cost  (less  amortization 
of  premium  and  discount),  which  is  approxi- 
mately $33,519,000  greater  than  the  market 
value  at  March  31.  The  average  invest- 
ment yield  is  2-92  per  cent  compared  with 
2-75  per  cent  for  the  previous  year. 


1819 


6.  The    total    revenue    for    the    year    was 

$209,207,051.84   made   up   of:  — 

Employer  and  Employee  Con- 
tributions    $153,287,744 . 1 4 

Department    of    Veterans 

Affairs      for     Veterans     of 

World  War  II,  Special  and 

Regular    Forces    1,896,850 .  89 

Government  Contribution  ...  31,035,633.43 
Income  from  Investments  and 

Fines   22,986,823 .  38 

$209,207,051.84 

This  represents  an  increase  in  total  revenue 
of  $5,424,000  over  the  previous  year. 

The  Committee  call  special  attention  to 
the  very  satisfactory  income  from  invest- 
ments. 

7.  The  total  benefit  payments  in  1952-53 
were  $135,821,000,  an  increase  of  $45,657,000 
over  the  previous  year.  Of  this  increase 
$43,254,000  was  in  regular  benefits  and 
$2,403,000  in  supplementary  benefit.  The 
number  of  benefit  days  paid  per  insured 
person  increased  from  10-9  to  13-7;  the 
average  daily  rate  increased  from  $2.58  to 
$2.95,  and  unemployment  increased  from  4-93 
per  cent  of  insured  population  to  5-76  per 
cent. 

It  is  of  special  interest  to  note  that 
almost  50  per  cent  of  the  benefit  payments 
were  required  during  the  months  of 
January,  February  and  March.  The  total 
payments  during  these  three  months  of  1953 
amounted  to  $63  million.  Undoubtedly  the 
payment  of  benefits  during  the  seasonal 
unemployment  period  greatly  eased  the  pay- 
ments of  municipalities  for  assistance. 

8.  The  ratio  of  benefit  payments  to 
ordinary  contributions  in  the  last  four  years 
is  as  follows:  — 

1949-50 71-2 

1950-51 65-7 

1951-52 53-4 

1952-53 79-9 

While  this  ratio  is  high  in  a  year  of  com- 
paratively good  employment  conditions,  the 
Committee  is  of  the  opinion  that  the  fund  is 
adequate  to  meet  any  foreseeable  conditions. 

9.  The  Committee  heard  special  representa- 
tions made  on  behalf  of  the  Canadian 
Congress  of  Labour.  The  Committee  dealt 
with  the  recommendations  of  the  Canadian 
Congress  of  Labour  by:  — 

(a)  deciding  to  advise  the  Congress  that 
Item  12  of  the  recommendations  proposing 
that  special  arrangements  be  made  for  immi- 
grants was  a  matter  which  did  not  come 
within  the  competence  of  the  Committee; 
and 

(b)  by  accepting  the  assurance  by  the 
Unemployment  Insurance  Commission  that 
the  proposals  would  be  studied  and  reported 
upon  at  a  later  meeting  of  the  Committee. 

10.  Special  attention  might  be  called  to 
paragraph  7  of  the  Canadian  Congress  of 
Labour  submission  asking  that  coverage  be 
extended  to  excepted  employments.  This,  of 
course,  is  a  matter  which  is  under  con- 
tinuous study  by  the  Commission  with  the 
object  of  extending  coverage  whenever 
administratively  feasible.  In  this  connec- 
tion I  was  directed  by  the  Committee  to 
respectfully  call  attention  to  the  previous 
recommendations     proposing     that     certain 


hospital  employees  be  brought  within  the 
terms  of  the  Act  with  the  request  that  the 
recommendations  in  this  connection  be  again 
reviewed. 

11.  The  actuarial  adviser,  Mr.  A.  D. 
Watson,  brought  to  the  attention  of  the 
Committee  the  matter  of  the  increase  in 
the  percentage  of  claimants  who  remained 
on  unemployment  insurance  benefits  for 
many  weeks.  Out  of  the  discussion  on  this 
point  a  recommendation  developed  proposing 
that  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Commis- 
sion make  a  special  review  of  cases  which 
remain  on  unemployment  insurance  benefits 
for  several  months,  while  general  employ- 
ment is  relatively  high,  so  that  the  claimant's 
problem  of  obtaining  suitable  employment 
be  studied  with  a  view,  where  necessary,  to 
possible  rehabilitation  through  the  counsel- 
ling services  of  the  Commission  or  by 
vocational  training  or  re-training.  The 
Commission  assured  the  Committee  that  it 
was  developing  procedures  along  this  line 
as  far  as  its  appropriation  permitted.  The 
Committee  respectfully  calls  attention  to  the 
desirability  of  providing  means  for  carrying 
out  counselling. 

12.  The  Commission  proposes  to  submit  to 
you  recommendations  to  amend  present 
benefit  regulations  dealing  with  moneys 
received  by  insured  workers  at  or  subsequent 
to  termination  of  employment,  and  with 
holiday  pay. 

Under  the  proposed  regulations  the 
following  types  of  payment  would  be  con- 
sidered as  applying  to  periods  prior  to 
termination  of  employment  and  would  be 
ignored  for  purposes  of  benefit  moneys 
received: — 

(a)  under  a  retirement,  superannuation, 
or  pension  fund  or  plan; 

(b)  augmenting,  or  in  substitution  of,  a 
pension  (e.g.  where  employee  too  old  when 
pension  plan  put  into  effect) ; 

(c)  for  the  payment  of  overtime  worked 
prior  to  termination; 

(d)  for  statutory  holidays  and  Sundays 
on  which  the  employee  worked; 

(e)  under  a  profit-sharing  plan; 

(f)  incentive  bonus  where  payment  was 
contingent  upon  the  worker,  or  his  shift, 
making  a  certain  production  quota,  e.g.  an 
addition  to  the  hourly  rate,  or,  as  in  the 
case  of  lake  "seamen,  so  much  additional  for 
each  trip  completed,  or  bonus  for  completing 
the  season,  paid  at  the  end  of  the  season; 

(g)  severance  pay  received  in  a  lump 
sum; 

(h)  a  bonus  or  a  gratuity  with  or  with- 
out a  relationship  to  wages  paid  in  a  lump 
sum  on  termination  of  employment; 

(i)  holiday  pay  received  at  termination 
for  holidays  not  taken. 

The  following  types  of  payment  would  be 
considered  as  applying  to  a  period  subse- 
quent to  termination  and  benefit  would  be 
withheld  for  the  period  concerned:  — 

(a)  retention  bonus  paid  in  consideration 
of  the  employee  resuming  employment  with 
the  paying  employer  at  the  commencement 
of  the  next  season; 

(b)  full  salary  continued  after  separa- 
tion, whether  under  a  contract  of  service 
or  the  gratuitous  act  of  the  employer; 

(c)  payments  continued  after  separation 
at    a    lower    rate    than    previous    wages    or 


1820 


salary,  provided  that  they  amount  to  75 
per  cent  or  more  of  salary.  If  less,  such 
payments  would  be  ignored,  but  where  taken 
into  account  they  might  or  might  not  be 
prorated; 

(d)  payments  made  under  a  guaranteed 
wage  plan; 

(e)  retirement  leave  credits,  such  as  paid 
by  the   federal    Civil    Service; 

(f)  payments  in  lieu  of  notice. 

The  present  regulations  governing  holiday 
pay  would  be  changed  so  that  the  Commis- 
sion would  pay  no  benefits  during  the  first 
week  of  a  holiday  shutdown  and  would 
disregard  both  holiday  pay  received  on 
termination  and  holiday  pay  credited  in  a 
number   of   provinces  by  means   of   vacation 


stamps.  Benefit  would  still  be  paid  for  a 
general  holiday  in  excess  of  one  week  for 
which  no  holiday  pay  .is  received. 

The  Committee  joins  the  Commission  in 
recommending  that  the  above  changes  be 
made.* 

Respectfully  submitted. 

A.  MacNamara, 
Chairman. 
July  15,  1953. 

Members  of  Committee 
S.  D.  C.  Chutter  Percy  Bengough 

James  Hunter  J.  L.  D.  Ives 

F.  G.  H.  Leverman  Jean  Marchand 

H.  Shoobridge  Sam  Wolstein 


*The     Regulations     have     been     amended 
along  these   lines    (L.G.,   Nov.   1953,   p.   1660). 


Monthly  Report  on  Operation  of 

the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Claims   for   unemployment   insurance   higher  in  September.  Statistics* 
show  claims  during  month,  85,623,  were  11,571  more  than  during  August 


Initial  and  renewal  claims  for  unemploy- 
ment insurance  benefit  were  higher  in 
September.  The  Dominion  Bureau  of 
Statistics  monthly  report  on  the  operation 
of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act  shows 
that  claims  filed  in  local  offices  across 
Canada  during  the  month  totalled  85,623, 
compared  with  74,052  for  August  and 
64,703  for  September  1952. 

Ordinary  claimants  on  the  live  unem- 
ployment register  on  September  30  num- 
bered 119,381  (85,089  males  and  34,292 
females),  compared  with  111,287  (78,491 
males  and  32,796  females)  on  August  31 
and  92,627  (62,324  males  and  30,303 
females)  on  September  30,  1952.  On 
September  30,  1953,  short-time  and  tem- 
porary lay-off  claimants  numbered  16,535 
and  6,692  respectively. 

During  September  adjudicating  officers 
disposed  of  initial  and  renewal  claims  on 
behalf  of  84,185  claimants,  of  whom  64,981 
were  entitled  to  benefit  and  19,204  were 
not  entitled.  Chief  reasons'  for  non- 
entitlement  to  benefit  were:  "benefit  year 
not  established"  7,443  cases;  and  the 
following  disqualifications  (including  4,297 
on  revised  claims)  "voluntarily  left 
employment  without  just  cause"  4,891 
cases;  "not  unemployed"  4,640  cases  (in 
69  per  cent  of  these  cases,  the  duration 
of  the  disqualification  period  was  six  days 
or  less);  and  "not  capable  of  and  not 
available  for  work"  1,505  cases. 


In  a  comparison  of  current  employment 
statistics  with  those  for  a  previous  period, 
consideration  should  be  given  to  relevant 
factors  other  than  numbers,  such  as  the 
opening  and  closing  of  seasonal  indus- 
tries, increase  in  area  population,  influ- 
ence of  weather  conditions,  and  the 
general  employment  situation. 


*See  Tables  E-l  to  E-6  at  end  of  book. 


During  September,  55,802  persons  began 
receiving  benefit  payments,  compared  with 
49,268  during  August  and  43,167  during 
September  1952. 

Benefit  payments  amounted  to  $6,739,427 
in  respect  of  2.230,702  compensated  days 
(including  22,827  disability  days)  during 
September,  compared  with  $6,408,827  in 
respect  of  2,138,224  days  (including  6,452 
disability  days)  during  August  and  $5,710,886 
and  1,933,547  days  during  September  1952. 

For  the  week  September  26-October  2, 
a  total  of  92,535  beneficiaries  received 
$1,560,169  in  compensation  for  513,560 
unemployed  days  (of  which  6,325  were 
disability  days),  in  comparison  with  87,367 
beneficiaries  who  received  $1,483,305  in 
compensation  for  496,690  days  (of  which 
3,685  were  disability  days)  during  the  week 
August  29-September  4.  For  the  week 
September  27-October  3,  1952,  a  total  of 
$1,242,698  was  paid  to  74,309  beneficiaries 
in  respect  of  420,113  days  of  unemploy- 
ment. 

The  average  daily  rate  of  benefit  for 
the  last  week  of  September  was  $3.04  com- 


1821 


pared  with  $2.99  for  the  last  week  of 
August  and  $2.96  for  the  corresponding 
week  last  year. 

Insurance  Registrations 

Reports  received  from  local  offices  of 
the  Unemployment  Insurance  Commission 
for  the   month  show  that  insurance  books 


or  contribution  cards  have  been  issued  to 
4,241,978  emploj'ees  who  have  made  con- 
tributions to  the  Unemployment  Insurance 
Fund  at  one  time  or  another  since  April  1, 
1953. 

At  September  30,  employers  registered 
numbered  251,468,  an  increase  of  1,174 
during  the  month. 


Decisions  of  the  Umpire  under 

the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Digest  of  two  selected  decisions  rendered  by  the  Umpire 


Decision  CUB  900,  February  17,  1953 

Held:  That  a  married  woman  had  not 
established  good  cause  within  the  meaning 
of  Section  40  of  the  Act  for  having  failed 
to  accept  an  offer  of  employment  in  her 
usual  occupation  at  a  rate  of  pay  higher 
than  that  which  prevailed  in  the  district 
on  the  ground  that  "wanting  to  have  a 
faynily"  she  coidd  not  promise  to  remain 
In  the  prospective  employment  for  a 
reasonable  period  of  time. 

Material  Facts  of  Case — The  claimant, 
married,  27  years  of  age,  filed  an  initial 
application  for  benefit  on  July  2,  1952,  and 
stated  that  she  had  worked  for  a  large  oil 
company  as  a  comptometer  operator  from 
August  1947  to  June  30,  1952,  when  she 
voluntarily  left  because  she  could  not  get 
along  with  her  supervisor.  Her  rate  of  pay 
was  $225  a  month.  The  employer  reported 
that  the  claimant  resigned  of  her  own 
accord.  The  insurance  officer  disqualified 
her  from  the  receipt  of  benefit  for  a  period 
of  six  weeks  on  the  ground  that  she  had 
voluntarily  left  her  employment  without 
just  cause   (Section  41(1)   of  the  Act). 

On  September  2,  1952,  the  local  office 
notified  her  of  permanent  emplo3Tment  as 
a  comptometer  operator  with  a  large  manu- 
facturer of  safety  razors  at  a  wage  of  $40 
a  week.  According  to  the  submissions  the 
prevailing  rate  of  pay  in  the  district  for  that 
type  of  work  was  $35  a  week.  The  hours 
of  work  were  from  8:30  a.m.  to  4:45  p.m., 
five  days  a  week.  She  refused  to  accept  the 
employment  because  she  wanted  temporary 
work  only. 

The  insurance  officer  disqualified  the 
claimant  from  the  receipt  of  benefit  for  a 


period  of  six  weeks  because  she  had,  with- 
out good  cause,  failed  to  accept  a  situation 
in  suitable  employment  within  the  meaning 
of  Section  40(1)   (a)  of  the  Act. 

In  her  appeal  to  a  court  of  referees,  the 
claimant  stated  that  when  she  applied  for 
the  job,  the  employer  informed  her  that 
if  she  would  not  agree  to  accept  the 
employment  for  at  least  six  months  or  a 
year  he  would  not  hire  her.  She  told  him 
that  being  a  married  woman  and  intending 
to  raise  a  family  she  could  not  promise  to 
work  that  long. 

The  court  of  referees  which  heard  the 
case  unanimously  allowed  the  appeal  on 
the  ground  that  the  claimant  had  acted  in 
good  faith  inasmuch  as  she  had  since 
accepted  work  at  the  same  wage  offered, 
viz :  $40  a  week. 

The  insurance  officer  appealed  to  the 
Umpire. 

Conclusions — I  cannot  agree  with  the 
stand  taken  by  the  court  of  referees  in 
this  case. 

The  Unemployment  Insurance  Act  was 
not  enacted  with  a  view  to  providing 
benefit  to  claimants  who  show  an  in- 
different attitude  towards  the  labour  field 
and  are  only  ready  to  accept  employment 
on  their  own  terms. 

If  under  the  Act  a  claimant  has  a  right 
to  refuse  any  offer  of  employment  which 
is  not  suitable,  an  employer  has  the  corre- 
lative right  to  require  a  prospective 
employee  to  give  him  some  assurance  that 
he  will  stay  in  his  employ  for  a  reasonable 
period  of  time. 

In  the  present  case  the  claimant  threw 
herself  out  of  a  job  and  two  months  later 
refused  to  accept  an  offer  of  employment  in 


1822 


her  usual  occupation  at  a  higher  rate  of  pay 
than  that  which  prevailed  in  the  district, 
on  the  ground  that  being  a  married  woman 
and  wanting  to  have  "a  family"  she  could 
not  promise  to  remain  in  the  prospective 
employment  for  a  reasonable  period  of 
time.  Such  excuse  does  not  come  within 
the  purview  of  "good  cause"  within  the 
meaning  of  Section  40  of  the  Act. 

For  those  reasons  the  appeal  is  allowed 
and  the  disqualification  previously  imposed 
by  the  insurance  officer  is  hereby  reinstated 
as  from  the  date  that  this  decision  is 
communicated  to  the  claimant. 

Decision  CU-B  904,  February  18,  1953 

Held:  That  the  claimant,  a  resident  of 
Canada  for  the  past  two  years,  had  shown 
good  cause  for  having  delayed  in  filing  her 
claim  for  benefit  inasmuch  as  there  was 
some  doubt  that,  upon  registering  for 
employment,  she  had  received  all  the 
necessary  information  pertaining  to  her 
benefit  rights  and  there  were  good  reasons 
to  believe  that  she  had  proved  that  she  was 
unemployed  and  available  for  work  during 
the  period  for  which  she  had  requested  her 
claim  to  be  antedated. 

Material  Facts  of  Case — The  claimant, 
widowed,  45  years  of  age,  was  employed  by 
a  retail  silk  shop  as  a  sales  clerk  at  a  wage 
of  $35  a  week  from  December  18,  1951  to 
March  29,  1952. 

On  August  5,  1952,  she  filed  an  initial 
application  for  benefit  and  stated  that  she 
had  to  leave  the  said  employment  because 
of  illness;  that  she  had  been  hospitalized 
from  March  30,  1952  to  May  19,  1952,  and 
that  she  had  been  available  for  work  since 
July  9,  1952.  On  August  5,  1952,  also,  she 
applied  to  have  her  claim  antedated  to 
July  9,  1952,  on  the  grounds  that  having 
come  to  Canada  from  England  two  years 
ago  she  was  under  the  impression  that  the 
Canadian  Act  in  respect  to  unemployment 
insurance  was  the  same  as  the  British  Act 
whereby  she  had  to  have  "two  full  years 
stamps"  and  that  although  she  had  been 
reporting  to  the  local  office  since  July  9, 
nobody  had  acquainted  her  with  her  benefit 
rights  under  the  Canadian  Act.  The  local 
office  commented  that  she  should  have 
shown  more  interest  in  the  matter  of  her 
rights  under  the  Act  inasmuch  as  unem- 
ployment insurance  deductions  had  been 
made  from  her  earnings. 

The  insurance  officer  did  not  approve  the 
application  to  antedate  because  the 
claimant  had  not  shown  good  cause  for 
having  delayed  in  filing  her  claim  for 
benefit  (Benefit  Regulation  13  and  Section 
36(6)  of  the  Act). 


The  claimant  appealed  to  a  court  of 
referees,  which,  after  having  heard  her, 
reversed  the  decision  of  the  insurance 
officer  by  a  majority  finding  which  reads: — 

While  it  is  recognized  that  she  has  signed 
UIC  701,  Application  for  Employment, 
November  8,  1950  (on  which  appears  the 
statement;  "I  have  been  informed  of  my 
Unemployment  Insurance  .Benefit  rights") ,  the 
majority  members  are  inclined  to  agree  with 
her  emphatic  statement  that  she  did  not 
receive  a  pamphlet.  The  majority  members 
are  of  the  further  opinion  the  responsi- 
bility of  seeing  that  each  applicant  receives 
this  proper  information  and  believe  that  the 
onus  of  the  responsibility  rests  on  the 
employees  of  this  Commission  to  see  that 
this  proper  information  is  given.  The 
employer  representative  wishes  at  this  time 
to  give  the  following  recommendation:  — 
Having  served  on  the  court  of  referees  for 
a  number  of  years  there  has  often  been 
some  doubt  in  my  mind  whether  the 
employee  has  had  all  the  information  neces- 
sary pertaining  to  their  benefit  rights  under 
the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act.  While 
at  times  they  have  signed  as  to  having 
received  information  on  card  UIC  701,  there 
is  nothing  definite  as  to  what  information 
was  given.  I  would  therefore  recommend 
that  clause  42  of  the  Employment  card 
which  reads  as  follows:  ,T  have  been  in- 
formed of  my  Unemployment  Insurance 
Benefit  Rights"  be  changed  to  read  as 
follows:  "I  have  been  given  printed  infor- 
mation pertaining  to  my  Benefit  Rights  as 
well  as  having  been  informed  verbally".  1 
feel  that  if  the  employee  signs  their  card 
printed  in  this  manner  then  there  should  be 
no  doubt  with  what  has  been  placed  in 
their  hands  of  the  information  necessary  and 
that  there  would  be  no  reason  for  them  to 
be  ignorant  of  the  regulations. 

The  insurance  officer  appealed  to  the 
Umpire  on  the  ground  that  ignorance  of 
the  provisions  of  the  Act  was  not  good 
cause  for  delay  in  making  a  claim  for 
benefit. 

Conclusions— It  is  true  that  it  has  been 
stated  in  many  decisions  that  ignorance  of 
the  provisions  of  the  Act  is  not  "good 
cause"  for  delay  in  making  a  claim  for 
benefit,  the  reason  being  that  the  Act  has 
been  in  effect  for  several  years  and.  as  it 
has  had  a  good  deal  of  publicity,  insured 
persons  should  be  aware  of  their  rights  and 
of  the  procedure  to  be  followed  when  they 
are  unemployed.  However,  exceptions  can 
be  made  to  that  rule  the  same  as  to  any 
other  rule  when  exceptional  circumstances 
warrant  it  (see  CU-B  499) . 

This  case  is  different  to  the  usual  run  of 
cases  which  have  to  do  with  requests  for 
antedating  claims. 

The  claimant  came  to  Canada  in  the 
summer  or  fall  of  1950  and  registered  for 
work  on  November  8.  1950.  It  would 
appear  that  shortly  thereafter  she  obtained 


1823 


employment  and  worked  up  to  March  1952, 
when  she  had  to  leave  her  job  because  of 
illness.  On  July  9,  1952,  she  reported  to 
the  local  office  and  again  registered  for 
employment.  According  to  form  UIC  701C, 
she  was  interviewed  at  the  local  office  on 
July  25,  1952,  at  which  time  an  entry  was 
made  on  the  aforementioned  form  to  the 

effect  that  she  had  "put  her  name  in  at 

and  at  the "  and  that  she  was 

trying  to  obtain  employment  through  her 
own  efforts.  On  August  5,  1952,  she  appar- 
ently became  aware  of  her  rights  under  the 
Act  and  filed  a  claim  for  benefit. 

In  decisions  dealing  with  cases  of  ante- 
dating of  claims  for  benefit  my  predecessor 
and  I  have  always  implied  that  the  ques- 
tions of  a  claimant's  unemployment  and 
availability  for  work  during  the  period  for 
which  he  requests  an  antedate  are  of 
primary  importance. 

In  the  light  of  the  evidence  on  file  there 
are  good  reasons  to  believe  that  this 
claimant  has  proved  that  she  was  unem- 


ployed and  available  for  work  during  the 
period  for  which  she  is  requesting  her  claim 
to  be  antedated. 

Furthermore,  there  is  some  doubt  in  my 
mind  as  to  whether  or  not  the  fact  that, 
upon  registering  for  employment  in  1950, 
she  attached  her  signature  underneath  the 
printed  statement  on  Form  UIC  701C  "I 
have  been  informed  of  my  Unemployment 
Insurance  Benefit  Rights"  is  conclusive 
proof  that  she  received  all  the  necessary 
information  pertaining  to  her  benefit  rights. 
It  may  be  that  the  suggestion  made  by  the 
employers'  representative  on  the  court  could 
be  of  valuable  assistance  in  determining 
cases  of  this  kind  and  no  doubt  the  Com- 
mission will  give  to  it  due  consideration. 

In  any  event  I  feel  that  the  circum- 
stances of  this  case  are  such  that  they 
warrant  a  finding  that  the  claimant  has 
shown  good  cause  for  delay  in  making  her 
claim  for  benefit  within  the  meaning  of 
Section  36(6)  of  the  Act. 

The  appeal  is  dismissed. 


U.S.  Advisory  Council  Recommends  Study  of 

Adequacy  of  Unemployment  Insurance  Benefits 


A  national  study  of  how  unemployment 
insurance  beneficiaries  in  the  United  States 
are  faring  on  the  present  scale  of  benefits 
is  being  made  by  the  Bureau  of  Employ- 
ment Security,  U.S.  Department  of  Labor, 
it  has  been  announced  by  Secretary  of 
Labor  James  P.  Mitchell. 

The  study  was  recommended  by  the 
Federal  Advisory  Council  at  meetings 
October  26  and  27.  (The  report  of  Canada's 
Unemployment  Insurance  Advisory  Com- 
mittee, tabled  in  the  House  of  Commons 
at  the  opening  of  the  present  session,  is 
printed  above,  p.  1819.) 

According  to  Secretary  Mitchell's 
announcement,  the  purpose  of  the  study 
will  be  to  obtain  the  factual  information 
required  to  evaluate  unemployment  insur- 
ance payments  in  terms  of  their  adequacy 
to  meet  the  basic  objectives  of  the  program. 

The  study,  in  which  state  employment 
security  agencies  are  co-operating,  will  try 
to  ascertain  whether  the  benefits  paid 
unemployed  workers  are  adequate  to  tide 
them  over  temporary  periods  of  unem- 
ployment. 

"As  a  first  step,  the  Bureau,  in  co- 
operation with  state  employment  security 
agencies  and  with  the  assistance  of 
technicians  from  a  number  of  other  federal 
agencies,  is  arranging  a  pilot  study  in  one 
or  more  labour  market  areas,"  the 
announcement  said. 


"Upon  completion  of  the  pilot  study, 
arrangements  will  be  made  to  conduct  the 
national  survey." 

Mr.  Mitchell's  announcement  explained 
that  when  the  unemployment  insurance 
program  began,  it  was  assumed  that  weekly 
payments  amounting  to  50  per  cent  of  the 
worker's  wages  would  cover  the  costs  of 
basic  necessities  without  requiring  him  to 
draw  upon  other  resources.  In  1939. 
weekly  benefits  amounted  to  about  40-8 
per  cent  of  average  weekly  wages.  In  1952 
they  averaged  33  per  cent  of  average 
weekly  wages. 

The  Advisory  Council  also: 

Appointed  a  committee  to  conduct  a 
study  of  the  unemployment  problems  of 
older  workers  and  measures  that  can  be 
taken  to  meet  them. 

Adopted  a  report  recommending  certain 
principles  that  should  govern  the  penalties 
imposed  for  disqualifying  actions  by  unem- 
ployment insurance  claimants. 

Recommended  that  the  federal  unem- 
ployment tax  be  amended  to  permit  the 
states  to  assign  reduced  tax  rates  to  new 
or  newly-covered  emplo3'ers  after  one  year 
of  experience,  instead  of  after  three  years, 
as  at  present. 

Labour,  management  and  the  public  are 
sented  on  the  Advisory  Council. 


1824 


Labour  Conditions. 

in  Federal  fUoveriimieiit  Contracts 


Wage  Schedules  Prepared  and  Contracts  Awarded  during  October 

Works  of  Construction,  Remodelling,  Repair  or  Demolition 

During  October  the  Department  of  Labour  prepared  141  wage  schedules  for  inclusion 
in  contracts  proposed  to  be  undertaken  by  departments  of  the  federal  Government  and 
its  Crown  corporations  in  various  areas  of  Canada,  for  works  of  construction,  remodelling, 
repair  or  demolition.  In  the  same  period,  a  total  of  142  contracts  in  these  categories  was 
awarded.    Particulars  of  these  contracts  appear  below. 

A  copy  of  the  wage  schedule  issued  for  each  contract  is  available  on  request  to  trade 
unions  concerned  or  to  others  who  have  a  bona  fide  interest  in  the  execution  of  the 
contract. 

(The  labour  conditions  included  in  each  of  the'  contracts  listed  under  this  heading 
provide  that: — ■ 

(a)  the  wage  rate  for  each  classification  of  labour  shown  in  the  wage  schedule  included 
in  the  contract  is  a  minimum  rate  only  and  contractors  and  subcontractors  are  not 
exempted  from  the  payment  of  higher  wages  in  any  instance  where,  during  the  continuation 
of  the  work,  wage  rates  in  excess  of  those  shown  in  the  wage  schedule  have  been  fixed  by 
provincial  legislation,  by  collective  agreements  in  the  district,  or  by  current  practice; 

(b)  hours  of  work  shall  not  exceed  eight  in  the  day  and  44  in  the  week,  except  in 
emergency  conditions  approved  by  the  Minister  of  Labour; 

(c)  overtime  rates  of  pay  may  be  established  by  the  Minister  of  Labour  for  all  hours 
worked  in  excess  of  eight  per  day  and  44  per  week; 

(d)  no  employee  shall  be  discriminated  against  because  of  his  race,  national  origin, 
colour  or  religion,  nor  because  the  employee  has  made  a  complaint  with  respect  to  such 
discrimination.) 

Contracts  for  the  Manufacture  of  Supplies  and  Equipment 

Contracts  awarded  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies  and  equipment  during  October 
are  set  out  below: — 

Department                                   No.  of  Contracts  Aggregate  Amount 
Defence  Construction  (1951)  Ltd.: 

(Building    and    Maintenance) 2  S     89,457.00 

Defence  Production: 

(August  Report)    131  1,160,983.00 

(September    Report)     138  872,761 .00 

Post    Office    11  229,308.95 

Public  Works    5  58,967.00 

(The  labour  conditions  included  in  contracts  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies  and 
equipment  provide  that:  — 

(a)  all  persons  who  perform  labour  on  such  contracts  shall  be  paid  such  wages  as  are 
currently  paid  in  the  district  to  competent  workmen,  and  if  there  is  no  current  rate,  then 
a  fair  and  reasonable  rate;  but  in  no  event  shall  the  wages  paid  be  less  than  those 
established  by  the  laws  of  the  province  in  which  the  work  is  being  performed; 


The  Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of  Labour 
legislation  of  the  federal  Government  has 
the  purpose  of  insuring  that  all  Govern- 
ment contracts  for  works  of  construction 
and  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies  and 
equipment  contain  provisions  to  secure 
the  payment  of  wages  generally  accepted 
as  fair  and  reasonable  in  each  trade  or 
classification  employed  in  the  district 
where  the  work  is  being  performed. 

The  practice  of  Government  depart- 
ments and  those  Crown  corporations  to 
which  the  legislation  applies,  before 
entering  into  contracts  for  any  work  of 
construction,  remodelling,  repair  or  demo- 
lition, is  to  obtain  wage  schedules  from 
the  Department  of  Labour,  showing  the 
applicable  wage  rate  for  each  classifica- 
tion of  workmen  deemed  to  be  required 
in    the    execution    of    the    work.      These 


wage  schedules  are  thereupon  included 
with  other  relevant  labour  conditions  as 
terms  of  such  contracts  to  be  observed 
by  the  contractors. 

Wage  schedules  are  not  included  in 
contracts  for  the  manufacture  of  supplies 
and  equipment  because  it  is  not  possible 
to  determine  in  advance  the  classifica- 
tions to  be  employed  in  the  execution 
of  a  contract.  A  statement  of  the  labour 
conditions  which  must  be  observed  in 
every  such  contract  is,  however,  included 
therein  and  is  of  the  same  nature  and 
effect  as  those  which  apply  in  works  of 
construction. 

Copies  of  the  federal  Government's 
Fair  Wages  and  Hours  of  Labour  legis- 
lation may  be  had  upon  request  to  the 
Industrial  Relations  Branch  of  the 
Department   of   Labour,   Ottawa. 


1825 


(b)  the  working  hours  shall  be  those  fixed  by  the  custom  of  the  trade  in  the  district, 
or  if  there  be  no  such  custom,  then  fair  and  reasonable  hours; 

(c)  overtime  rates  of  pay  may  be  established  by  the  Minister  of  Labour  for  all  hours 
worked  in  excess  of  those  fixed  by  custom  of  the  trade  in  the  district,  or  in  excess  of  fair 
and  reasonable  hours; 

(d)  no  employee  shall  be  discriminated  against  because  of  his  race,  national  origin, 
colour  or  religion,  nor  because  the  employee  has  made  a  complaint  with  respect  to  such 
discrimination.) 

Wage  Claims  Received  and  Payments  Made  during  October 

During  October  the  sum  of  $534.03  was  collected  from  two  employers  who  had  failed 
to  pay  the  wages  required  by  the  labour  conditions  attached  to  their  contracts.  This 
amount  has  been  or  will  be  distributed  to  the  41  employees  concerned. 


Contracts  Containing  Fair  Wage  Schedules  Awarded  during  October 

(The  labour  conditions  of  the  contracts  marked  (*)  contain  the  General  Fair  Wages 
Clause  providing  for  the  observance  of  current  or  fair  and  reasonable  rates  of  wages  and 
hours  of  labour  not  in  excess  of  eight  per  day  and  44  per  week,  and  also  empower  the 
Minister  of  Labour  to  deal  with  airy  question  which  may  arise  with  regard  thereto.) 


Central  Mortgage  and 

Halifax  N  S:  Blunden's  Supplies,  altera- 
tions to  CMHC  office  bldg.  Saint  John 
N  B:  Bruce  E  Lawson  Construction  Ltd, 
covering  &  waterproofing  rear  stairways, 
Rifle  Range.  Ajax  Ont:  Marino  Construction 
Co,  construction  of  watermain.  Deep  River 
Ont:  H  J  McFarland  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
construction  of  ground  services;  Hill-Clark- 
Francis  Ltd,  construction  of  houses.  Fergus 
Ont:  Mayfarm  Nurseries,  *supply  &  plant- 
ing of  trees  &  shrubs.  Fort  William  Ont: 
W  Jones,  landscaping.  Gait  Ont:  May- 
farm  Nurseries,  *supply  &  planting  of 
trees  &  shrubs.  Guelph  Ont:  Mayfarm 
Nurseries,  *supply  &  planting  of  trees  & 
shrubs.  Hespeler  Ont:  Mayfarm  Nurseries, 
*supply    &    planting    of    trees    &    shrubs. 


Housing  Corporation 

Kitchener  Ont:  Mayfarm  Nurseries. 
♦supply  &  planting  of  tree  s  &  shrubs. 
North  Bay  Ont:  Peerless  Construction  Ltd. 
paving  of  roads,  parking  areas  &  drive- 
way.-; Peerless  Construction  Ltd,  paving  of 
roads,  parking  areas  &  driveways.  Water- 
loo Ont:  Mayfarm  Nurseries,  *supply  & 
planting  of  trees  &  shrubs.  Winnipeg  Man: 
Ted  Dallman,  Resurfacing  concrete  base- 
ment floors.  Penhold  Alta:  Borger  Bros 
Ltd,  installation  of  sewer  &  water  services ; 
Glencoe  Engineering  &  Construction  Co 
Ltd.  construction  of  houses.  Vancouver 
B  C:  Pyke  &  White  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
construction  of  apartment  bldgs,  boiler 
house,  etc. 


Detence  Construction  (1951)  Limited 


Greenwood  N  S:  Cameron  Contracting 
Ltd,  supply  &  installation  of  underground 
steam  distribution  system.  Halifax  N  S: 
Standard  Construction  Co  Ltd.  installation 
of  refrigeration,  Central  Victualling  Depot: 
Standard  Construction  Co  Ltd,  dismantling 
of  Westmount  drill  hall  &  re-erection  as 
a  boathouse  storage  bldg.  Bagotville  P  Q: 
R  E  Stewart  Construction  Corporation, 
construction  of  telecommunication  bldg. 
Parent  P  Q:  Pentagon  Construction  Co, 
completion  of  residual  construction  & 
related  work.  Quebec  P  Q:  Provincial 
Engineering  Ltd,  installation  of  converter 
rooms  &  steam  supply  system,  The  Citadel. 
St  Hubert  P  Q:  Frank  Lapan  Ltd,  exten- 
sions to  water  &  sewer  services.  Senne- 
terre  P  Q:  Atlas  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
completion  of  residual  construction  & 
related  work.  Valcartier  P  Q:  Cartier  Con- 
struction Ltd,  clearing  training  areas, 
military  camp.  Yal  D'Or  P  Q:  Hill-Clark- 
Francis    (Quebec)   Ltd,  erection  of  central 


heating  plant  &  installation  of  steam 
distribution  system.  Ville  La  Salle  P  Q: 
Quebec  Excavators  Co  Ltd,  supply  &  in- 
stallation of  concrete  pipe;  Beaver  Con- 
struction Co  Ltd.  construction  of  concrete 
retaining  wall.  Barriefield  Ont:  McGinnis 
&  O'Connor  Ltd,  construction  of  roads, 
grading  &  site  finishing.  Foy mount  Ont: 
Angus  Robertson  Ltd,  construction  of 
guard  house,  gatehouse,  etc.  Kingston 
Ont:  Olmstead  &  Parker  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  erection  of  training  bldg,  CASC. 
London  Ont:  Provincial  Engineering  Ltd. 
construction  of  outdoor  sub-station  &  elec- 
trical distribution  system,  No  27  COD. 
Petawawa  Ont:  H  J  McFarland  Construc- 
tion Co  Ltd,  improvements  to  roads  it 
drainage  system.  Ramore  Ont:  Steel  Co 
of  Canada  Ltd,  construction  of  security 
fencing  at  operations  area.  Stratford  Ont  : 
J  V  McDonnell  Electrical  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  replacement  of  existing  electrical 
system.     Trenton  Ont:  W  H  Yates  Con- 


1826 


struction  Co  Ltd,  construction  of  photo- 
graphic bldg.  Uplands  Ont:  Dickson 
Larkey  Welding  &  Steel  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  installation  of  remaining  component 
parts  of  bulk  fuel  storage,  RCAF  Station. 
Winona  Ont:  Detroit  River  Construction 
Co  Ltd,  construction  of  permeable  groynes. 
Shilo  Man:  Pearson  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
construction   of   chapel.     Edmonton   Alta: 

Building  and 
Chatham  N  B:  Caldwell  Construction 
Co  Ltd,  renovations  &  conversion  of 
barrack  block  No  9,  RCAF  Station.  Fred- 
ericton  N  B:  Stirling  Electric  Ltd,  dis- 
mantling of  existing  electric  power  pole 
line  &  replacing  same  with  new  system, 
St  Anne's  Point  Barracks.  Lachine  P  Q: 
Shore  &  Horwitz  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
rehabilitation  of  ablution  areas,  RCAF 
Station.  Montreal  P  Q:  John  Colford  Con- 
tracting Co  Ltd,  removal  of  boilers,  & 
supply  &  installation  of  upright  steel  fire 
box  boilers,  4185  Cote  des  Neiges  Road. 
Quebec  P  Q:  Frs  Jobin  Inc,  repairing  & 
waterproofing  of  fortification  walls,  The 
Citadel.     Ottawa  Ont:   Dominion  Steel  & 


Wilson  &  Wilson  Ltd,  installation  of  storm 
sewer  system  &  appurtenances.  Namao 
Alta:  P  W  Graham  &  Sons  Ltd,  construc- 
tion of  fire  hall;  P  W  Graham  &  Sons 
Ltd,  construction  of  garage.  Holberg  B  C: 
Marwell  Construction  Co  Ltd,  completion 
of  residual  construction  &  related  work. 
Kamloops  B  C:  Biltmore  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  construction  of  fire  hall. 

Maintenance 
Coal  Corporation  Ltd,  supply  &  erection 
of  security  fence,  No  26  Central  Ordnance 
Depot,  Plouffe  Park.  Rockcliffe  Ont:  W  0 
Pickthorne  &  Son  Ltd,  alterations  &  addi- 
tions to  fire  alarm  system,  RCAF  Station. 
Trenton  Ont:  Hugh  Murray  Ltd,  exten- 
sion to  bldg,  RCAF  Station.  Rivers  Man: 
Ideal  Decorating  Co,  interior  painting  of 
hangars  &  exterior  painting  of  married 
quarters,  RCAF  Station.  Prince  Albert 
Sash:  P  W  Graham  &  Sons  Ltd,  construc- 
tion of  sub-ceiling  in  drill  hall,  Armoury. 
Vancouver  B  C:  Vancouver  Pile  Driving 
&  Contracting  Co  Ltd,  repairs  to  dock, 
No  2  Supply  Depot. 


National  Harbours  Board 

Halifax  Harbour  N  S:  Butler  Bros  Ltd,  Harbour  N  B:  Standard  Dredging  Co  Ltd, 

construction     of    longshoremen's     canteen;  maintenance  dredging  at  deep  water  berths. 

Gunite    &    Waterproofing    Ltd,    repairs    to  Three  Rivers  Harbour  P  Q:  Cap  Construc- 

concrete    cope    wall,    Pier    B.     Saint    John  tion  Ltd,  reconstruction  of  shed. 


Department  of 

St  John's  Nfld:  Newfoundland  Engineer- 
ing &  Construction  Co  Ltd,  supply  &  instal- 
lation of  cabinets,  counters,  shelves,  etc, 
Gateacre  Bldg;  Newfoundland  Engineering 
&  Construction  Co  Ltd,  repairs,  painting, 
etc,  to  brickwork,  General  Post  Office.  St 
Lawrence  Nfld:  Mannix  Ltd,  *dredging. 
Stephenville  Nfld:  Byers  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  erection  of  public  bldg.  Alberton 
P  E  I:  M  F  Schurman  Co  Ltd,  construc- 
tion of  RCMP  Detachment  Bldg.  Bay- 
field N  S:  Lincoln  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
wharf  repairs.  Chegoggin  Dyke  N  S: 
Kenney  Construction  Co  Ltd,  breakwater 
repairs.  Glace  Bay  N  S:  Stephens  Con- 
struction Ltd,  construction  of  RCMP 
Detachment  Bldg.  Halifax  N  S:  Founda- 
tion Maritime  Ltd,  alterations  &  improve- 
ments, federal  bldg;  Salsman  &  Sons  Ltd, 
interior  painting,  Old  Post  Office  Bldg. 
Havre  au  Bouche  N  S:  R  A  Douglas  Ltd, 
wharf  repairs.  Lower  Sandy  Point  N  S: 
Atlantic  Bridge  Co  Ltd,  breakwater-wharf 
repairs.  Malagash  N  S:  J  P  Porter  Co  Ltd, 
♦dredging.  Clair  N  B:  Gagnon  Bros,  con- 
struction of  customs  &  immigration  bldg 
&  site  development.  Bonaventure  P  Q.- 
Bert Dimock,  wharf  improvements.    Grind- 


81725—8 


Public  Works 

stone  (Cap  aux  Meules)  P  Q:  Capt 
Borromee  Verreault,  erection  of  public 
bldg.  Ijachute  P  Q:  Paul  Lafleur,  altera- 
tions &  addition,  public  bldg.  Montreal 
P  Q:  Richard  &  B  A  Ryan  Ltd,  improve- 
ments to  bldg — 170  Jean  Talon  &  Waverley 
Sts  for  UIC  Offices;  J  J  Shea  Co  Ltd, 
repairs  to  stonework,  etc,  Dept  of  Public 
Works  Bldg,  150  St  Paul  St  West;  C  J 
Dryden  Co  Ltd,  supply  &  installation  of 
duplicate  system  to  maintain  water  pres- 
sure on  upper  floors  of  Postal  Station  "B". 
New  Carlisle  P  Q:  Bert  Dimock  &  Herbert 
McLellan,  *dredging.  Oka  P  Q:  Theode 
Robidoux,  *dredging.  Phillipsburg  P  Q: 
Elzear  Cournoyer,  wharf  repairs.  Pointe 
au  Pic  P  Q:  Rosario  Lapointe,  wharf 
repairs.  Quebec  P  Q:  Louis  Frenette,  pipe 
tunnel  installations — Marine  Stores  bldg. 
Roberval  P  Q:  Roland  Cote,  erection  of 
public  bldg.  Sts-Martyrs  (Lac  Nicolet) 
P  Q:  Geo  H  Roberge  &  Fils  Inc,  construc- 
tion of  wharf.  Sept  lies  P  Q:  J  E  Richard 
&  J  Vigneault,  wharf  repairs.  Sorel  P  Q: 
Lucien  Lachapelle,  *dredging;  Gerard 
Lagimoniere,  replacement  of  roofing  on 
sheds  Nos  1  &  2  (Dock  No  2);  Lucien 
Lachapelle,     construction     of     steel     sheet 

1827 


piling  retaining  walls.  Amherstburg  Ont: 
McQueen  Marine  Ltd,  construction  of  steel 
pile  retaining  wall  at  inner  end  of  marine 
slip.  Arnprior  Ont:  M  Sullivan  &  Son 
Ltd,  alterations,  improvements  &  new 
bldgs  for  Civil  Defence  College.  Burling- 
ton Ont:  Intrusion-Prepakt  Ltd,  repairs  to 
breakwater.  Hudson  Ont:  E  L  Austin, 
wharf  repairs.  Huntsville  Ont:  M  Sullivan 
&  Son,  erection  of  public  bldg.  Kempen- 
feldt  Bay  Ont:  A  F  Simpson  Construction, 
reconstruction  of  wharf.  Kingston  Ont: 
Bermingham  Construction  Ltd,  wharf 
reconstruction  &  extension  (Crawford 
Dock).  Longlac  Ont:  D  H  Dowell,  shore 
protection  work  (Indian  Reserve  No  58). 
Ottawa  Ont:  Automatic  Sprinkler  Co  of 
Canada  Ltd,  supply  &  installation  of  auto- 
matic sprinkler  system  with  central  station 
supervisory  &  fire  alarm  system,  RCMP 
Barracks,  "A"  Division;  B  Perini  &  Sons 
Canada  Ltd,  construction  of  food  &  drug 
laboratory;  A  Lanctot  Construction  Co, 
alterations  to  2nd  floor  for  Central  Pay 
Office  Superannuation  Branch,  Tunney's 
Pasture  Storage  Bldg;  Wm  D'Aoust  Con- 
struction Ltd,  alterations  to  Victoria 
Museum  for  Dept  of  Resources  &  Develop- 
ment; Otis  Elevator  Co  Ltd,  moderniza- 
tion of  2  passenger  elevators,  Parliament 
Bldgs,  Centre  Block;  Wm  D'Aoust  Con- 
struction Ltd,  alterations,  National  Defence 
Bldg  "C";  E  F  Burgener,  alterations  to 
telephone  cables,  National  Research 
Council,  Sussex  St;  George  C  Graves 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  alterations  to  3rd 
floor,    Confederation   Bldg;    Montflex   Inc, 


linoleum  work,  Victoria  Museum  Bldg; 
Smith  Marble  &  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
*supply  &  delivery  of  marble,  Parlia- 
ment Bldgs.  Pointe  au  Baril  Ont: 
William  Ellis,  construction  of  floating 
wharf.  Silver  Islet  Ont:  E  L  Austin, 
wharf  improvements.  Winnipeg  Man: 
James  Beaton  &  Sons,  replacing  &  enlarg- 
ing present  concrete  paving  of  parking 
area,  public  bldg.  Meadow  Lake  Sask: 
Olaf  Tidfors,  alterations  &  addition,  public 
bldg.  Moose  Jaw  Sask:  Mackay  Bros, 
interior  painting,  public  bldg.  North 
Battlejord  Sask:  Winslow  Bros,  foundation 
repairs,  Indian  Hospital.  Regina  Sask: 
Commercial  Painters  &  Decorators  Ltd, 
interior  painting,  Federal  Bldg.  Uranium 
City  Sask:  Burns  &  Dutton  Concrete  & 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  construction  of  two 
bldgs,  RCMP  Detachment  Quarters. 
Calgary  Alta:  Hornstrom  Bros,  alterations 
in  the  basement,  102-1  lth  Ave  East. 
Carway  Alta:  Remington  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  construction  of  Customs  &  Immigra- 
tion bldg  &  site  development.  McAdam 
Road  B  C:  Fraser  River  Pile  Driving  Co 
Ltd,  wharf  construction.  Nanaimo  B  C: 
D  Robinson  Construction  Ltd,  alterations 
to  Pygmy  Dance  Hall  Bldg  &  Coach  Lines 
Bldg.  Osoyoos  B  C:  Topping  &  Son,  con- 
struction of  RCMP  Detachment  Bldg. 
Vancouver  B  C:  Allied  Builders  Ltd, 
Construction  &  delivery  of  one  12"  port- 
able suction  dredge.  Victoria  B  C:  0 
Pedersen,  general  repairs,  roadways,  paint- 
ing, etc,  Astrophysical  Observatory,  Saanich 
Mountain. 


Department  ot  Resources  and  Development 

Jasper  National  Park  Alta:  C  Mamczasz,  removal  of  existing  bridge  structure  &  con- 
struction of  reinforced  concrete  bridge  over  the  Miette  River,  Banff-Jasper  Highway. 


Department 

Gander  Nfld:  Concrete  Products  (Nfld) 
Ltd,  construction  of  roads  in  townsite  area. 
Dartmouth  N  S:  Dickie's  Radio  &  Elec- 
trical Co  Ltd,  construction  of  airport 
lighting  facilities.  Fredericton  N  B: 
Bedard-Girard  Ltd,  installation  of  airport 
lighting  facilities.  Lachine  P  Q:  Con- 
struction Borings  Ltd,  *test  borings,  St. 
Lawrence  Seaway.  Cornwall  Ont:  Racey, 
MacCallum  &  Associates  Ltd,  *test  borings, 
St  Lawrence  Seaway.  Thorold  Ont: 
Quinte  Machine  &  Repair  Co  Ltd,  replace- 
ment of  stairways  on  centre  wall  of  flight 
locks,  Welland  Ship  Canal;  McNamara 
Construction  Co  Ltd,  lowering  &  flattening 
slopes  of  west  bank  between  Stations  927 
-f  00  &  940  -+  00  &  between  Stations 
1100  4-  00  &  1109  -^  00,  Welland  Ship  Canal. 
Welland  Ont:  McNamara  Construction  Co 
Ltd,  widening  channel  westerly  &  lowering 


of  Transport 

&  flattening  slopes  of  west  bank  of  Welland 
Ship  Canal  between  Stations  512  -f-  00  and 
528  -^  50.  Moose  Jaw  Sask:  North  West 
Electric  Co  Ltd,  construction  of  airport 
lighting  facilities.  Yorkton  Sask:  Hjal- 
marson  &  Einarson  Ltd,  construction  of 
dwellings.  Claresholm  Alta:  North  West 
Electric  Co  Ltd,  installation  of  field  light- 
ing system.  Grande  Prairie  Alta:  L  A 
Frantzen  &  F  T  Johnson,  construction  of 
dwellings  &  related  work.  Patricia  Bay 
B  C:  Premier  Construction  Co  Ltd,  run- 
way drainage  &  duct  installation.  Prince 
George  B  C:  City  Construction  Co  Ltd, 
recapping  &  strengthening  parking  area. 
Terrace  B  C:  Smithers  Plumbing  &  Heat- 
ing Ltd,  replacement  of  wood  stave  water 
main;  Fraser  Valley  Builders  Ltd,  con- 
struction of  dwellings  &  radio  range  bldg. 


1828 


Prices  and  the  Cost  of  Living 


Consumer  Price  Index,  November  2,  1953 

The  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics'  con- 
sumer price  index  decreased  0-4  per  cent 
from  116-7  to  116-2  between  October '  1 
and  November  2,  offsetting  an  increase  of 
the  same  amount  during  the  previous 
month. 

The  latest  change  resulted  almost 
entirely  from  a  decline  in  the  food  index, 
which  moved  down  1*8  per  cent  from  115-5 
to  113-4  under  the  influence  of  a  sharp 
drop  in  the  price  of  eggs  and  materially 
lower  prices  for  practically  all  meats. 
Prices  of  most  other  food  items  were  about 
the  same,  the  only  notable  changes  being 
a  decrease  for  grapefruit  and  an  increase 
for  fresh  tomatoes. 

These  changes  in  food  prices  were  in 
combination  with  normal  seasonal  shifts  in 
consumption,  which  increased  the  quanti- 
ties for  some  fresh  vegetables,  oranges  and 
a  few  cuts  of  meat  and  decreased  the 
quantities  for  fresh  tomatoes,  lettuce  and 
some  fresh  fruits. 

The  clothing  index  remained  unchanged 
at  110-3  as  advances  in  men's  suits  and 
overcoats  were  counterbalanced  by  declines 
in  women's  and  children's  wear.  The 
household  operations  component  moved 
from  117-5  to  117-4  as  scattered  increases 
and  decreases  almost  offset  each  other. 


An  advance  of  0-3  per  cent  from  116*0 
to  116.3  in  the  index  of  other  commodities 
and  services  was  mostly  attributable  to  an 
increase  in  theatre  admission  fees.  Higher 
levels  for  both  rent  and  home-ownership 
indexes  served  to  increase  the  shelter 
component  from  124-5  to  125-0. 

The  index  one  year  earlier  (November  1, 
1952)  was  116-1;  group  indexes  were:  food 
115-7,  shelter  121-4,  clothing  109-8,  house- 
hold operation  115-9  and  other  commodities 
and  services  116-6. 


City  Consumer  Price  Indexes,  October  1,  1953 

(Consumer  price  indexes  on  the  base 
1949  =  100  were  released  for  the  first  time 
by  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics  for 
the  following  nine  cities  or  city  combina- 
tions: Halifax,  Saint  John,  Montreal, 
Ottawa,  Toronto,  Winnipeg,  Saskatoon- 
Regina,  Edmonton-Calgary,  and  Vancouver. 
These  indexes  replace  cost-of-living  series 
covering  eight  cities  which  were  discon- 
tinued with  the  release  of  the  September 
figures.  Ottawa  is  added  in  the  new  series 
and  the  combinations  Saskatoon-Regina  and 
Edmonton-Calgary  replace  Saskatoon  and 
Edmonton,  respectively. 

(The  index  for  St.  John's,  Nfld.,  remains 
on  the  base  June  1951  =  100.  Only  two 
minor  changes  were  made  in  the  St.  John's 
series,  a  change  in  name  and  the  combina- 
tion of  the  fuel  and  lighting  and  the 
home  furnishings  and  services  groups  under 
the  heading  household  operation. 


*See  Tables  F-l  to  F-6  at  end  of  book. 


CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX  FROM  JANUARY  1949 


Index  1949=100 


1829 


81725— Si 


(Details  concerning  the  construction  of  the 
new  indexes,  as  well  as  total  and  group 
figures  by  months  from  January  1949  to 
date,  will  be  published  in  the  October  1953 
issue  of  Prices  and  Price  Indexes.) 

Eight  of  the  ten  regional  consumer  price 
indexes  registered  advances  between 
September  1  and  October  1.  Indexes  for 
St.  John's,  Nfld.,  and  Saint  John,  N.B., 
remained  unchanged,  reflecting  marked 
stability   in   all   component  groups. 

Advances  were  concentrated  mainly  in 
foods  and  shelter  as  indexes  for  these  two 
groups  moved  higher  in  all  but  the  Mari- 
time cities.  Among  foods,  increases  were 
fairly  general  for  bacon,  butter,  lard,  eggs, 
canned  fruits,  oranges,  tomatoes  and 
lettuce,  while  decreases  were  noted  for 
beef,  lamb,  chicken  and  potatoes. 

Changes  in  clothing  were  mixed,  with 
indexes  remaining  unchanged  in  four 
cities,  moving  lower  in  four  and  higher 
in  two.  Fur  coats  moved  down  in  all 
except  two  cities.  Other  coats  were  gener- 
ally slightly  higher.  Further  reductions  in 
the  price  of  nylon  stockings  were  reported 
in  all  cities. 

The  household  operation  series  was 
unchanged  in  five,  cities,  higher  in  three 
and  lower  in  two. 

Among  other  commodities  and  services, 
an  increase  in  health  care  was  general. 
Only  four  cities,  however,  registered  an 
over-all  increase  for  the  group,  indexes  for 
the   remaining  six  cities  being  unchanged. 

Regional  consumer  price  index  point 
changes  between  September  1  and  October 
1  were  as  follows:  Montreal  +0-9  to  117-4, 
Ottawa  +0-9  to  116-4,  Toronto  +0-8  to 
118-4,  Saskatoon-Regina  +0-5  to  114-3, 
Vancouver  +0-5  to  116-7,  Winnipeg  +0-3 
to  115-0,  Halifax  +0-2  to  114-0,  Edmonton- 
Calgary  +0-2  to  115-3.  The  indexes  at 
St.  John's  and  Saint  John  remained 
unchanged  at  102-8  and  116-1  respectively. 

Wholesale  Prices,  October  1953 

Wholesale  prices  declined  narrowly 
between  September  and  October  but  showed 
a  small  rise  compared  with  a  year  earlier, 
according  to  the  Dominion  Bureau  of 
Statistics.  This  year's  October  index  stood 
at  220-7  compared  with  221-5  in  September 
and  220-2  in  October  1952. 

Among  group  indexes,  greatest  weakness 
was  registered  by  vegetable  products,  which 
dropped  1-4  per  cent  between  September 
and  October  to  196-7  as  decreases  for 
potatoes,  most  grains,  fresh  fruits,  raw 
rubber,  sugar,  and  milled  feeds  outweighed 
increases  in  vegetable  oils,  cocoa  beans,  rye 
and  hay. 


The  chemicals  and  allied  products  index 
declined  0-9  per  cent  to  173-7. 

In  the  non-ferrous  metals  group,  an 
easier  price  tone  for  copper  and  its 
products,  lead,  zinc,  tin  and  silver,  was 
reflected  in  an  0-4-per-cent  decrease  in  the 
index  to  116-5.  In  the  non-metallic 
minerals  group,  a  drop  in  the  price  of 
anthracite  coal  overbalanced  strength  in 
plate  glass  and  sulphur  and  was  reflected  in 
a  loss  in  the  group  index  of  0-2  per  cent 
to  178-7. 

The  index  for  wood,  wood  products  and 
paper  receded  0-3  per  cent  to  286-8  as 
quotations  were  lowered  for  eastern  spruce 
and  western  cedar.  Woodpulp  and  news- 
print were  slightly  firmer  in  this  group. 

Fibres,  textiles  and  textile  products  move 
down  from  240-4  to  239-8  when  losses  in 
cotton  fabrics  and  worsted  yarn  over- 
balanced an  advance  in  imported  raw 
wool. 

Two  groups  moved  higher.  Animal 
products  advanced  0-4  per  cent  to  246-5 
as  increases  in  fresh  milk,  bacon,  fowl  and 
fishery  products  were  more  than  sufficient 
to  outweigh  losses  in  fresh  meats,  live- 
stock, hides  and  skins,  lard  and  eggs. 
Iron  and  its  products  advanced  0-4  per 
cent  to  222-0  because  of  firmer  prices  for 
hardware. 

Canadian  farm  product  prices  at  terminal 
markets  moved  slightly  lower  in  October 
to  208-5  for  a  loss  of  0-2  per  cent.  Field 
products  were  primarily  responsible  and  an 
index  for  this  group  declined  1-5  per  cent 
to  151-7  because  of  lower  quotations  for 
eastern  potatoes  and  grains  which  over- 
balanced slight  advances  in  prices  for 
western  potatoes.  Animal  product  prices, 
on  the  other  hand,  gained  slightly  as  in- 
creases occurred  for  fluid  milk,  butterfat 
and  western  eggs.  These  outweighed 
general  weakness  in  livestock  coupled  with 
lower  quotations  for  eggs  in  eastern  Canada 
and  raw  wool  in  western  Canada. 

The  index  for  residential  building 
material  prices  weakened  from  281-0  to 
280-4  between  September  and  October, 
reflecting  lower  quotations  for  lumber  and 
shellac.  In  the  electrical  equipment  and 
fixtures  sub-group,  copper  wire  was  firmer 
while  in  the  other  materials  section,  an 
increase  occurred  for  wire  cloth. 

On  the  base  1949  =  100,  the  index  for 
non-residential  building  materials  moved  up 
slightly  in  October  to  123-9  from  123-8  in 
September.  Firmer  prices  were  recorded 
for  electrical  wire,  plate  glass,  wire  cloth 
and  metal  lath  which  outweighed  lower 
quotations  in  the  plumbing  and  heating  and 
lumber  sections. 


1830 


Strikes  and  Lockouts 

Canada,  October  1953* 


A  greater  number  of  industrial  disputes 
resulting  in  work  stoppages  were  in  exist- 
ence during  October  than  in  any  month 
in  1953,  about  half  of  them  having  been 
carried  over  from  September.  The  result- 
ing time  loss  was  the  highest  of  the  year. 
However,  the  idleness  during  the  first  10 
months  of  1953  was  little  more  than  one- 
quarter  of  the  man-days  lost  in  the  same 
period  in   1952. 

Work  stoppages  in  the  gold  and  copper 
mining  industry  in  northern  Ontario  and 
Quebec  were  responsible  for  more  than  60 
per  cent  of  the  total  idleness  in  October 
1953.  Other  disputes  of  importance  were: 
lumber  mill  workers  in  British  Columbia; 
paper  mill  workers  at  Beauharnois  and 
Crabtree  Mills,  Que.;  steel  mill  workers  at 
Winnipeg,  Man.;  unlicensed  personnel  on 
deep-sea  Canadian  ships;  and  carpenters 
at  Fort  William  and  Port  Arthur,  Ont., 
and  at  Windsor,  Ont. 

Wages  and  related  questions  were  the 
central  issues  in  35  of  the  44  stoppages  in 
October  1953,  causing  nearly  all  the  time 
loss.  Of  the  other  disputes,  three  arose 
over  dismissals,  suspensions  and  demo- 
tions; three  over  causes  affecting  working 
conditions;  two  over  union  questions;  and 
one  over  reduced  hours. 

Preliminary  figures  for  October  1953 
show  44  strikes  and  lockouts,  involving 
16,367  workers,  with  a  time  loss  of  268,053 
man-working  days,  compared  with  37 
strikes  and  lockouts  in  September  1953, 
with  16,445  workers  involved  and  a  loss  of 


126,131  days.  In  October  1952  there  were 
37  strikes  and  lockouts,  13,634  workers 
involved  and  a  loss  of  165,539  days. 

For  the  first  10  months  of  1953  prelim- 
inary figures  show  152  strikes  and  lockouts, 
involving  46,918  workers,  with  a  loss  of 
770,868  days.  In  the  same  period  in  1952 
there  were  204  strikes  and  lockouts,  with 
117,213  workers  involved  and  a  loss  of 
2,787,200  days. 

Based  on  the  number  of  non-agricul- 
tural wage  and  salary  workers  in  Canada, 
the  time  lost  in  October  1953  was  0-32 
per  cent  of  the  estimated  working  time; 
in  September  1953,  0-15  per  cent;  in 
October  1952,  0-20  per  cent;  in  the  first 
10  months  of  1953,  0-09  per  cent;  and  in 
the  first  10  months  of  1952,  0-34  per  cent. 

Of  the  44  stoppages  in  October  1953, 
five  were  settled  in  favour  of  the  employers ; 
eight  were  compromise  settlements  and 
three  were  indefinite  in  result,  work  being 
resumed  pending  final  settlement.  At  the 
end  of  the  month  28  stoppages  were 
recorded  as  unterminated. 

(The  record  does  not  include  minor 
strikes  such  as  are  defined  in  _  another 
paragraph  nor  does  it  include  strikes  and 
lockouts  about  which  information  has  been 
received  indicating  that  employment  condi- 
tions are  no  longer  affected  but  which  the 
unions  concerned  have  not  declared  termin- 
ated. Strikes  and  lockouts  of  this  nature 
still  in  progress  are:  compositors,  etc.,  at 
Winnipeg,  Man.,  which  began  on  November 
8,  1945,  and  at  Ottawa  and  Hamilton,  Ont., 
and  Edmonton,  Alta.,  on  May  30,  1946;  wait- 
resses at  Timmins,  Ont.,  on  May  23,  1952; 
and  garage  workers  at  Saint  John,  N.B., 
on  February  9,  1953.  The  strike  of  jewellery 
workers  at  Vancouver,  B.C.,  which  began  on 
December  8,  1952,  was  terminated  on 
September    11,   1953.) 


Great  Britain  and  Other  Countries 


(The  latest  available  information  as  to 
strikes  and  lockouts  in  various  countries  is 
given  in  the  Labour  Gazette  from  month  to 
month.  Statistics  given  in  the  annual 
review  and  in  this  article  are  taken  from 
the  government  publications  of  the  countries 
concerned  or  from  the  International  Labour 
Office  Year  Book  of  Labour  Statistics.) 

Great  Britain  and  Northern  Ireland 

The  British  Ministry  of  Labour  Gazette 
publishes  statistics  dealing  with  disputes 
resulting  in  stoppages  of  work  and  gives 
some   details  of  the   more  important  ones. 

*See  Tables  G-l  and  G-2  at  end  of  book. 


The  number  of  work  stoppages  beginning 
in  August  1953  was  122  and  10  were  still 
in  progress  from  the  previous  month, 
making  a  total  of  132  during  the  month. 
In  all  stoppages  of  work  in  progress,  19,600 
workers  were  involved  and  a  time  loss  of 
56,000  working  days  caused. 

Of  the  122  disputes  leading  to  stoppages 
of  work  which  began  in  August,  six, 
directly  involving  2,900  workers,  arose  over 
demands  for  advances  in  wages,  and  47, 
directly  involving  4,400  workers,  over  other 
wage    questions;     four,    directly    involving 


1831 


1,100  workers,  over  questions  as  to  work- 
ing hours;  13,  directly  involving  2,200 
workers,  over  questions  respecting  the 
employment  of  particular  classes  or  per- 
sons; 50,  directly  involving  6,900  workers, 
over  other  questions  respecting  working 
arrangements;  and  two,  directly  involving 
100  workers,  over  questions  of  trade  union 
principle. 

Australia 

There  were  341  industrial  disputes  result- 
ing in  stoppages  of  work  for  the  quarter 


ending  June  30,  1953,  involving  122,788 
workpeople  and  causing  a  loss  of  332,670 
days. 

United  States 

Preliminary  figures  for  September  1953 
show  375  work  stoppages  resulting  from 
labour-management  disputes  beginning  in 
the  month;  110,000  workers  were  involved. 
The  time  loss  for  all  work  stoppages  in 
progress  during  the  month  was  1,550,000 
days.  Corresponding  figures  for  August 
1953  are  450  stoppages,  230,000  workers  and 
a  loss  of  2,800,000  days. 


Publications  Recently  Received 

in  Labour  Department  Library 


The  publications  listed  below  are  not 
for  sale  by  the  Department  of  Labour. 
Persons  wishing  to  purchase  them  should 
communicate  with  the  publishers.  Publica- 
tions listed  may  be  borrowed,  free  of 
charge,  by  making  applications  to  the 
Librarian,  Department  of  Labour,  Ottawa. 
Students  must  apply  through  the  library 
of  their  institution.  Applications  for  loans 
should  give  the  number  (numeral)  of  the 
publication  desired  and  the  month  in  which 
it  was  listed  in  the  Labour  Gazette. 

List  No.  64. 

Accident  Prevention 

1.  Blake,  Roland  Patton,  ed.  Industrial 
Safety,  by  T.  O.  Armstrong,  and  others. 
2d  ed.  New  York,  Prentice-Hall,  1953. 
Pp.  474. 

2.  Marsh  &  McLennan,  inc.  Safety  as 
it  applies  to  Supervisors.  Washington? 
cl953.    Pp.  16. 

3.  National  Safety  Council.  Handbook 
of  Accident  Prevention  for  Business  and 
Industry.    Chicago,  1953.    Pp.  93. 

Accidents 

4.  Australia.  Department  of  Labour 
and  National  Service.  First  Aid  for  Indus- 
trial Eye  Injuries.  Melbourne,  Govern- 
ment Printer,  1953.    Pp.  19. 

5.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Injuries  and  Accident  Causes  in  the  Manu- 
facture of  Paperboard  Containers.  Wash- 
ington, G.P.O.,  1953.     Pp.  59. 

6.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Injury  Rate  Variations  in  the  Boilershop- 
Products     Industry,     1951.       A     Detailed 


Analysis  of  Injury  Rates  by  Product, 
Plant  Size,  Region,  and  Operating  Depart- 
ment.    Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953.     Pp.  15. 

Apprenticeship 

7.  U.S.      Bureau      of      Apprenticeship. 

Apprenticeship  Statistics;  a  Summary  of 
National  Date  on  Registered  Apprentices 
and  Apprenticeship  Systems  in  the  United 
States,  1949-1952.  Washington,  G.P.O., 
1953.    Pp.  33. 

8.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Apprenticeship. 
A  Half-Century  of  Experience  in  training 
Machinists;  an  Analysis  of  the  Operation 
of  the  Apprenticeship  System  of  the 
Kearney  and  Trecker  Corporation,  West 
Allis,  Wisconsin,  1901-1952.  Washington, 
G.P.O.,  1953.    Pp.  15. 

9.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Apprenticeship. 
Labor-Management  Participation  in  Area- 
Wide  Apprenticeship  Systems.  Washing- 
ton, G.P.O,  1953.    Pp.  16. 

Business 

10.  Canoyer,  Helen  G.  Selecting  a 
Store  Location.  Washington,  G.P.O. ,  1946. 
Pp.  68. 

11.  Dockeray,  James  Carlton.  Financ- 
ing a  New  Small  Business.  Rev.  ed. 
Washington,  G.P.O.,  1949.    Pp.  16. 

Collective  Bargaining 

12.  Carpenter,  Walter  .  Hull.  Case 
Studies  in  Collective  Bargaining.  New 
York.   Prentice-Hall,   1953.     Pp.  465. 

13.  Somers,  Gerald  G.  Experience  under 
National  Wage  Agreements;  the  Bitu- 
minous Coal  and  Flint  Glass  Industries  of 
West     Virginia.      Morgantown,    Bureau    of 


1832 


Business  Research,  College  of  Commerce, 
West  Virginia  University,  1953.     Pp.  82. 

14.  Steiner,  Peter  O.  Collective  Bar- 
gaining and  the  Public  Interest.  Berkeley, 
1953.    Pp.  410-416. 

15.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Collective  Bargaining  Agreements:  Expira- 
tion, re-opening,  and  Wage  Adjustment 
Provisions  of  Major  Agreements.  Wash- 
ington, G.P.O.,  1953.    Pp.  38. 

Disabled — Rehabilitation 

.16.  Arthur,  John.  Through  Movement 
to  Life;  the  Economic  Employment  of  the 
Disabled.  London,  Chapman  &  Hall,  1952. 
Pp.  93. 

17.  Kessler,  Henry  H.  Yugoslavia ; 
Report  on  Services  for  the  Physically 
Handicapped.  New  York,  United  Nations, 
Secretariat,  Technical  Assistance  Admin- 
istration, 1951.     Pp.  105. 

Discrimination   in   Employment 

18.  Walch,  John  Weston.  Complete 
Handbook  on  Fair  Employment  Practices 
Law.     Portland,  Me.,  cl952.     Pp.  212. 

19.  Canada.  Parliament.  House  of 
Commons.  Standing  Committee  on 
Industrial  Relations.  Minutes  of  Proceed- 
ings and  Evidence  and  Reports  to  the 
House.  Bill  No.  100,  An  Act  to  prevent 
Discrimination  in  Regard  to  Employment 
and  Membership  in  Trade  Unions  by 
Reason  of  Race,  National  Origin,  Colour 
or  Religion.  Bill  No.  2  . . .  An  Act  to  amend 
the  Industrial  Relations  and  Disputes 
Investigation  Act.  (Voluntary  Revocable 
Check-off).  Ottawa,  Queen's  Printer,  1953. 
2  Volumes. 

Efficiency,   Industrial 

20.  American   Management  Association. 

Guides  to  meeting  Tomorrow's  Production 
Needs,  including  a  Section  on  Automation: 
Progress  toward  the  Push-Button  Factory. 
New  York,  1953.     Pp.  64. 

21.  Organization  for  European  Eco- 
nomic Co-operation.  Materials  Handling 
Equipment  and  Methods  in  the  U.S.A.,  by 
Technical  Assistance  Mission  No.  42. 
Paris,  1953.    Pp.  170. 

22.  Speakman,  A.  J.  Work  Study  and 
Incentives;  an  Introduction.  Manchester, 
Eng.,  Emmott,  1951.    Pp.  90. 

Employees9  Benefit  Plans 

23.  Journal   of    Commerce,    New    York. 

New  Pension-Welfare  Plan  Policy  Prob- 
lems.    New  York,  1953.    Pp.  32. 

24.  National  Industrial  Conference 
Board.  Employee  Savings  and  Invest- 
ment Plans,  by  Lois  E.  Forde,  Division 
of  Personnel  Administration,  New  York, 
1953.    Pp.  31. 


25.  National  Industrial  Conference 
Board.  Stock  Ownership  Plans  for 
Workers,  by  F.  Beatrice  Brower,  Division 
of  Personnel  Administration,  New  York, 
1953.    Pp.  68. 

Employment  Management 

26.  American  Management  Association. 

Making  the  Most  of  your  Human 
Resources ;  with  a  Section  on  Organiza- 
tion of  the  Manufacturing  Executive's  Job. 
New  York,  1953.     Pp.  76. 

27.  Black,  James  Menzies.  Successful 
Labor  Relations  for  Small  Business,  by 
James  Menzies  Black  and  J.  George 
Piccoli.  1st  ed.  New  York,  McGraw-Hill, 
1953.    Pp.  425. 

28.  Bureau  of  Material  Affairs,  Wash- 
ington, D.C.  Personnel  Testing.  Wash- 
ington, 1953.    Pp.  25. 

29.  Glover,    John    Desmond,    ed.      The 

Administrator ;  Cases  on  Human  Relations 
in  Business,  by  John  Desmond  Glover  and 
Ralph  M.  Hower.  Rev.  ed.  Homewood, 
111.,  R.  D.  Irwin,  1952.     Pp.  723. 

30.  National  Industrial  Conference 
Board.  Employee  Magazines  and  News- 
papers, by  Geneva  Seybold,  Division  of 
Personnel  Administration.  New  York,  1953. 
Pp.  68. 

31.  National  Industrial  Conference 
Board.  Suggestions  Systems,  by  Herbert 
R.  Northrup,  New  York,  1953.    Pp.  55. 

32.  Sayre,  Wallace  Stanley.  Getting 
Dividends  from  Personnel  Administration, 
by  Wallace  S.  Sayre,  Austin  J.  Tobin,  and 
James  P.  Mitchell.  Chicago,  Civil  Service 
Assembly  of  the  United  States  and  Canada, 
1953.    Pp.  17. 

Foremanship 

33.  How    to    train   the   Foreman.     Good 
Foremanship      depends      on      Character. 
Modern      Training      Techniques      aim      at 
developing     Character    and    Individuality. 
(In  Jobs.    11th  September,  1953.    Pp.  8-9.) 

34.  McCaully,  Harry  J.  Management 
Controls  for  Foremen  and  Supervisors. 
New  York,  Fank  &  Wagnalls  Co.  in 
Association  with  Modern  Industry  Maga- 
zine, 1948.     Pp.  213. 

Industrial  Disputes 

35.  Canada.  Department  of  Labour. 
Economics  and  Research  Branch.  Strikes 
and  Lockouts  in  Canada  during  1952  with 
Information  for  Certain  Other  Countries. 
Ottawa,  1953.    Pp.  55. 

36.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Analysis  of  Work  Stoppages  during  1952. 
Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953.     Pp.  37. 


1833 


Industrial  Psychology 

37.  Lawshe,  Charles  Hubert.  Psychology 
of  Industrial  Relations,  by  C.  H.  Lawshe 
with  the  assistance  of  E.  J.  McCormick 
and  Arthur  J.  Drucker,  and  others.  New 
York,  McGraw-Hill,  1953.    Pp.  350. 

38.  Smith,  May.  An  Introduction  to 
Industrial  Psychology.  5th  ed.  London, 
Cassell,  1952.    Pp.  295. 

Labour  Laws  and  Legislation 

39.  Foenander,       Orwell      De      Ruyter. 

Studies  in  Australia  Labour  Law  and  Rela- 
tions. Melbourne,  Melbourne  University 
Press,  1952.    Pp.  242. 

40.  Miles,  Frank  Owen.  The  Industrial 
Conciliation  and  Arbitration  Act,  an 
Inquiry.  (In  B.C.  Economic  Times, 
Aug.  25,  1951,  p.  14;  Sept.  8,  p.  16-17; 
Sept,  22,  p.  16;  Oct.  13,  p.  17;  Oct.  27, 
p.  17-18;  Nov.  10,  p.  13;  Nov.  24,  p.  12-13.) 

Labour  Supply 

41.  Beck,  Geraldine  Marie.  A  Survey 
of  British  Employment  and  Unemploy- 
ment, 1927-45.  Oxford,  Issued  by  Oxford 
University  Institute  of  Statistics,  1951. 
Pp.  83. 

42.  United  Nations.  Economic  and 
Social  Council.  Full  Employment; 
Implementation  of  Full  Employment  and 
Balance  of  Payments  Policies.  Replies  of 
Governments  to  the  Questionnaire  on  Full 
Employment,  the  Balance  of  Payments, 
and  Economic  Trends,  Objectives  and 
Policies  in  1952  and  1953  submitted  under 
resolution  520  B(VI)  of  the  General 
Assembly  and  resolutions  221  E(IX),  290 
(XI)  and  371  B(XIII)  of  the  Economic 
and  Social  Council.  New  York,  1953. 
Pp.  315. 

43.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Manpower  Requirements  in  the  Aircraft 
Industry.     Washington,   1952.     Pp.  34. 

Labouring  Classes 

44.  Alba,  Victor.  Le  Mouvement 
Ouvrier  en  Amerique  Latine.  Paris,  les 
Editions  Ouvrieres,  cl953.    Pp.  238. 

45.  Arnot,  Robert  Page.  The  Miners: 
Years  of  Struggle.  A  History  of  the 
Miners'  Federation  of  Great  Britain  (from 
1910  onwards).  London,  G.  Allen  &  Unwin, 
1953.    Pp.  567. 

46.  General  Cooperative  Association  of 
Jewish  Labour  in  Eretz-Israel  ("Hevrat 
Ovdim")  Ltd.  Hevrat  Ovdim.  Tel- Aviv, 
Israel,  1951.     Pp.  62. 

47.  Lakshman,  P.  P.  Congress  and 
Labour  Movement  in  India.  With  a  fore- 
word by  Shankarrao  Deo,  General  Sec- 
retary,    All     India     Congress     Committee. 


Allahabad,  Economic  &  Political  Research 
Department,  All  India  Congress  Com- 
mittee, 1947.    Pp.  174. 

48.  Namir,  Mordehai.  Work  in  Progress. 
Tel-Aviv,  General  Federation  of  Jewish 
Labour  in  Israel,  1953.  Pp.  74.  "A  Review 
of  Histadrut  Activities  for  the  Years  1950- 
1952,  presented  by  General-Secretary  Mr. 
Namir,  at  the  66th  General  Council  meet- 
ing of  the  General  Federation  of  Jewish 
Labour  in  Israel." 

Prices 

49.  U.S.    Bureau    of    Labor    Statistics. 

Family  Income,  Expenditures,  and  Savings 
in  1950;  from  the  Survey  of  Consumer 
Expenditures  in  1950.  Preliminary  report, 
rev.     Washington,  G.P.O.,  1953.     Pp.  66. 

50.  U.S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 
Wholesale  Prices,  1951  and  1952.  Wash- 
ington, G.P.O.,  1953.    Pp.  55. 

Productivity  of  Labour 

51.  British  Productivity  Council.  Milk 
Utilisation.  Report  of  a  British  produc- 
tivity team  which  visited  the  United 
States  of  America  in  1952  to  study  the 
utilization  of  milk.    London,  1952.    Pp.  114. 

52.  British  Productivity  Council.  A 
Review  of  Productivity  in  the  Footwear 
Industry.    London,  1953.    Pp.  46. 

53.  Caterpillar  Tractor  Company.  12 
Factors  associated  with  Productivity. 
Peoria,  1953?     Pp.  13. 

54.  Siegel,  Irving  Herbert.  Concepts 
and  Measurement  of  Productivity.  Wash- 
ington, Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,  U.S. 
Dept.  of  Labor,  1952.     Pp.  108. 

Wages,  Annual 

55.  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the 
United  States  of  America.  Committee 
on  Economic  Policy.  The  Economics  of 
the  Guaranteed  Wage;  Report.  Washing- 
ton,  1953.     Pp.  34. 

56.  The  Guaranteed  Annual  Wage:  an 
Active  Issue.  (In  Industrial  Relation 
Memo.  No.  131,  1  Oct.,  1953.) 

Wages  and  Hours 

57.  Gitlow,  Abraham  L.  Wage  Deter- 
mination under  National  Boards.  New 
York,  Prentice-Hall,  1953.    Pp.  248. 

58.  Griflfenhagen  and  Associates,  Ltd. 
Classification  and  Compensation  of  the 
Service  of  the  City  of  New  York;  a 
Report  to  the  Mayor's  Committee  on 
Management  Survey.  New  York,  1951. 
Pp.  167. 

59.  Pierson,  Frank  Cook.  Community 
Wage  Patterns.  Berkeley,  University  of 
California  Press,  1953.     Pp.  213. 


1834 


Labour  Statistics 


Page 
A— Labour  Force 

D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey 

Table  A-l — Estimated  Distribution  of  Canadian  Manpower 1830 

Table  A-2 — Persons  Looking  for  Work  in  Canada 1836 

Table  A-3— Regional  Distributions,  Week  Ended  September  19,  1953 1837 

Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 

Table  A-4 — Distribution  of  All  Immigrants  by  Region 1837 

Table  A-5 — Distribution  of  Workers  Entering  Canada  by  Occupations 1838 

B— Labour  Income 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics  Monthly  Estimates  of  Labour  Income 
Table  B-l — Estimates  of  Labour  Income 1838 

C — Employment,  Hours  and  Earnings 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics:  Employment  and  Payrolls 

Table  C-l — Employment  Index  Numbers  by  Provinces 1839 

Table  C-2 — Employment,  Payrolls,  and  Weekly  Wages  and  Salaries 1840 

Table  C-3 — Summary  of  Employment,  Payrolls  and  Average  Weekly  Wages  and  Salaries 1841 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings 

Table  C-4 — Hours  and  Earnings  in  Manufacturing 1^42 

Table  C-5 — Hours  and  Earnings  in  Manufacturing  by  Provinces  and  Cities 1842 

Table  C-6 — Hours  and  Earnings  by  Industry 1843 

Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 
Table  C-7 — Real  Earnings  in  Manufacturing 1844 

D— Employment  Service  Statistics 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 

Table  D-l — Unfilled  Vacancies  and  Unplaced  Applicants  as  at  First  of  Month 1845 

Table  D-2— Unfilled  Vacancies  by  Industry  and  by  Sex 1846 

Table  D-3 — Unfilled  Vacancies  and  Unplaced  Applicants  by  Occupation  and  by  Sex 1847 

Table  D-4 — Activities  of  National  Employment  Service  Offices 1848 

Table  D-5 — Applications  and  Placements  Since  1943 1853 

Table  D-6 — Vacancies  and  Placements  by  National  Employment  Service  Offices  (Quarterly). . .  1»54 

E—  Unemployment  Insurance 

Unemployment  Insurance  Commission  and  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
Report  on  the  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act 

Table  E-l — Number  Receiving  Benefit  with  Amount  Paid 1858 

Table  E-2— Persons  Signing  the  Live  Unemployment  Register  by  Number  of  Days  Continu- 
ously on  the  Register 1859 

Table  E-3 — Claims  for  Benefit  by  Provinces  and  Disposal  of  Claims 1860 

Table  E-4— Claimants  Not  Entitled  to  Benefit  with  Reasons  for  Non-Entitlement 1860 

Table  E-5 — Estimates  of  the  Insured  Population 1860 

Table  E-6 — Unemployment  Insurance  Fund 1861 

F— Prices 

Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 

Table  F-l— Consumer  Price  Index  Numbers,  Canada 1862 

Table  F-2— Consumer  Price  Indexes  for  Regional  Cities  of  Canada 1863 

Table  F-3— Index  Numbers  of  Staple  Food  Items 1863 

Table  F-4— Retail  Prices  of  Staple  Foods  and  Coal  by  Cities 1864 

Table  F-5 — Index  Numbers  of  Consumer  Prices  in  Canada  and  Other  Specified  Countries 1868 

Table  F-6— Index  Numbers  of  Wholesale  Prices  in  Canada 1869 

G — Strikes  and  Lockouts 

Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour 

Table  G-l— Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada  by  Month 1870 

Table  G-2 — Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Canada  During  October 1871 

81725—9  1835 


A — Labour  Force 

TABLE  A-l.— ESTIMATED  DISTRIBUTION  OF  CANADIAN[MANPOWER 

(Thousands  of  persons  14  years  of  age  and  over) 
Source:  D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey 


Week  ended  September  19,  1953 

Week  ended  August  22,  1953 

Total 

Males 

Females 

Total 

Males 

Females 

10,080 

5,398 

5,175 

4,896 

279 

110 

10 

*  25 
* 

11 
24 

19 

169 

139 

135 

13 

* 

54 

* 

*  59 

* 

84 

4,682 

173 

3,358 

601 

536 

14 

5,034 
4,204 
4,026 

3,887 
139 

81 

* 

*  16 
* 

11 

17 

* 

13 

58 

107 

105 

12 

*  43 

*  42 
* 

71 
830 
112 
* 

310 
^400 

5,046 
1,194 
1,149 
1,009 
140 
29 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

111 
32 

*  30 

* 

11 

* 

17 

* 

* 

13 

3,852 

61 

3,356 

291 

136 

10,057 
5,507 
5,093 
4,820 
273 
105 

25 

* 

16 

18 

25 

168 

322 

313 

*  1? 

*  53 

231 
* 
* 
92 
4,550 
170 
3,430 
• 

895 
54 

5,022 

4,304 

4,000 

3,867 

133 

74 

* 

15 

* 

12 

* 

13 

17 

59 

228 

225 

15 

* 

42 

157 

* 
* 

76 
718 
109 

580 
25 

5,035 

1,203 

1,093 

953 

1'40 

31 

10 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

109 

94 

88 

* 

* 

11 

* 

74 

(f)    other 

* 

* 

Persons  without  jobs  and  seeking  work  0) 

16 
3,832 

61 
3,427 

(a)  permanently  unable  or  too  old  to  work. . 

315 

29 

(0  Included  here  are  only  those  who  did  not  work  during  the  entire  survey  week  and  were  reported  looking  for  work. 
For  all  those  who  were  reported  as  seeking  work  during  the  survey  week,  see  Table  A-2. 
*  Less  than  10,000. 


TABLE  A-2.— PERSONS  LOOKING  FOR  WORK  IN  CANADA 

(Estimates  in  thousands) 
Source:  D.B.S.  Labour  Force  Survey 


Week  Ended  September  19,  1953 

Week  Ended  August  22, 1953 



Total 

Seeking 

Full  Time 

Work 

Seeking 

Part  Time 

Work 

Total 

Seeking 

Full  Time 

Work 

Seeking 

Part  Time 

Work 

Total  looking  for  work 

98 

84 
37 
32 

* 

10 

90 
79 

11 

* 
• 

...    MINI.     . 

104 

92 
44 

31 

• 
• 

•  12 

95 
85 

10 

• 

• 

Without  jobs 

• 



1 —  3  months 





7—12  months 



13—18  Months 





• 

1—14  Hours 

• 

15—34  Hours 

* 

than  10,000. 


1836 


TABLE  A-3.— REGIONAL  DISTRIBUTIONS,  WEEK  ENDED  SEPTEMBER  19, 1953 

(Estimates    in    thousands) 


— - 

Canada 

Nfid. 

P.E.L 

N.S. 
N.B. 

Que. 

Ont. 

Man. 
Sask. 
Alta. 

B.C. 

The  Labour  Force 

5,398 

899 

4,499 

4,204 

841 

3,363 

1,194 

58 

1,136 

5,398 
539 
730 

2,487 

1,420 

222 

108 

* 

107 

92 

* 

91 

16 

* 

16 

108 
15 
15 
50 

*  24 

414 

60 

354 

327 

54 

273 

*  8? 
81 

414 
42 
54 
185 
111 
22 

1,560 

197 

1,363 

1,201 

191 

1,010 

359 

* 

353 

1,560 
204 
241 
714 
355 
46 

1,928 

230 

1,698 

1,465 

207 

1,258 

463 
23 
440 

1,928 
157 
246 
897 
540 
88 

959 
393 
566 

786 
372 
414 

173 
21 
152 

959 
93 
125 
432 
263 
46 

429 

18 

411 

336 

13 

317 

96 

* 

94 

429 

28 

20-24  years 

49 

209 

127 

16 

Persons  with  Jobs 

5,314 
4,133 
1,181 

898 
4,416 

4,080 
3,012 
1,068 

107 
91 
16 

* 
106 

92 
77 
15 

402 

316 

86 

60 
342 

300 

227 

73 

1,527 

1,172 

355 

197 
1,330 

1,222 
895 
327 

1,903 

1,444 

459 

229 
1,674 

1,563 

1,141 

422 

954 

782 
172 

393 

561 

547 
399 
148 

421 

328 

93 

18 

403 

356 

273 

83 

Seeking  Work 

84 

* 

12 

33 

25 

* 

Persons  not  in  the 

4,682 

830 

3,852 

133 
33 
100 

433 

88 
345 

1,280 

203 

1,077 

1,543 
255 

1,288 

854 
148 
706 

439 

Males 

103 

336 

Less  than  10,000. 


TABLE  A-4.— DISTRIBUTION  OF  ALL  IMMIGRANTS  BY  REGION 

Source:  Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 


Month 

Atlantic 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Prairies 

B.C. 
Yukon 
N.W.T. 

Canada 
Total 

Adult 
Males 

1949— Total 

.2,777 
2,198 
3,928 
4,531 
3,699 
3,186 

18,005 
13,575 
46,033 
35,318 
28,874 
24,979 

48,607 
39,041 
104,842 
86,059 
70,931 
64,850 

17,904 
12,975 
25,165 
23,560 
19,642 
21,944 

7,924 
6,123 
14,423 
15,030 
12,150 
10,139 

95,217 
73,912 
194,391 
164,498 
135,296 
125,098 

39,044 

1950— Total 

30,700 

1951— Total 

95,818 

1952— Total 

66,083 

1952— Jan.-Sept.... 

57,811 
52,410 

1953— Jan.-Sept.... 

81725— n 


1837 


TABLE  A-5.— DISTRIBUTION  OF  WORKERS  ENTERING  CANADA  BY  OCCUPATIONS 

Source:  Immigration  Branch,  Department  of  Citizenship  and  Immigration 


Due  to  changes  in  occupational  classifications,  comparisons  with  earlier  periods  cannot  be  made  for  all  groups.  Where 
possible,  comparisons  are  indicated  in  the  above  table. 

B — Labour  Income 


TABLE  B-l.— ESTIMATES  OF  LABOUR  INCOME 

(S  Millions) 
Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


— 

Agricul- 
ture, 
Forestry, 

Fishing, 
Trapping, 

Mining 

Manu- 
facturing 

Construc- 
tion 

Utilities, 
Transport- 
ation, 
Communi- 
cation, 
Storage, 
Trade 

Finance, 
Services, 
(including 
Govern- 
ment) 

Supple- 
mentary 

Labour 
Income 

Total 

32 
33 
35 
41 
42 
49 
49 
55 
70 
76 

63 
60 
60 
66 
72 
71 
72 
76 
81 
83 
81 

79 
80 
74 
63 
69 
71 
71 
78 
80 
82 
83 
76 

71 
69 
61 
61 
69 
75 
77 
80 

168 
171 
156 
147 
177 
203 
214 
231 
270 
299 

252 
257 
263 
266 
273 
273 
277 
282 
280 
280 
286 

279 
284 
290 
291 
292 
292 
294 
304 
312 
314 
318 
322 

317 
322 
325 
326 
328 
328 
325 
328 

21 
17 
19 
25 
34 
41 
47 
47 
52 
62 

41 
39 
45 
52 
55 
55 
60 
61 
60 
60 
52 

49 
47 
48 
53 
60 
61 
70 
75 
74 
77 
75 
62 

58 
56 
57 
63 
72 
72 
76 
81 

86 
95 
100 
114 
134 
154 
169 
180 
208 
230 

190 
193 
199 
205 
211 
212 
214 
217 
219 
223 
222 

215 
216 
218 
222 
227 
231 
234 
234 
236 
239 
242 
245 

2471 
235 
236 
253' 
249 
253 
255 
256 

78 
83 
90 
103 
114 
131 
147 
156 
178 
197 

162 
175 
171 
177 
179 
179 
180 
182 
188 
191 
188 

188 
193 
193 
193 
197 
200 
201 
197 
198 
202 
202 
205 

203 
207 
213 
213 
219 
218 
219 
215 

14 
13 
13 
14 
17 
19 
21 
24 
28 
31 

25 
26 
27 
28 
28 
30 
29 
29 
30 
30 
29 

29 
29 
29 
30 
30 
30 
31 
31 
31 
32 
32 
32 

32 
31 
32 
33 
32 
33 
34 
33 

399 

412 

413 

444 

1947 — Average 

1948— Average 

518 
597 
647 

1950 — Average 

693 
806 

895 

1951 — February 

733 

750 

765 

794 

818 

July 

820 

832 

847 

October 

858 
867 

858 

839 

849 

852 

April 

852 

875 

885 

July 

901 

919 

931 

October 

946 

952 

942 

928 

920 

924 

949 

969 

979 

July 

986 

993 

*  Includes  Newfoundland,  since  1949.     'Includes  retroactive  wage  payment  to  railway  employees. 

1838 


C — Employment,  Hours  and  Earnings 


TABLE  C-l.— EMPLOYMENT  INDEX  NUMBERS  BY  PROVINCES 

(Average  calendar  year  1939  =  100)  (The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision.) 

Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 

Tables  C-l  to  C-3  are  based  on  reports  from  employers  having  15  or  more  employees— At  September : 
In  the  principal  non-agricultural  industries  reported  a  total  employment  of  2,556,755. 


,  employers 


Year  and  Month 


-Average . 
■Average . 
-Average . 
-Average. 
-Average. 
-Average . 


1947- 

1948- 
1949- 
1950- 
1951- 
1952- 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Jan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Apr. 
May 
June 
July 
Aug. 
Sept. 


Percentage  Distribution  of  Employees  of  Re- 
porting Establishments  at  September  1, 1953. 


1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 

1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 


158-3 
165-0 
165-5 
168-0 
180-2 
184-7 

1810 
177-8 
178-0 
177-9 
177-4 
182-5 
185-5 
188-8 
190-6 
192-6 
192-3 


187' 
182> 
182> 
182' 
183 
187- 
191 
192 
193' 


100-0 


146-5 
161-0 
157-0 
173-1 
176-8 
193-4 


175 

183 
160 
213 
175 
191 
199 
207 
209 
205 


199-0 

184-4 

176-5 

167-6 

168-0 

176-2 

194-2 

195-5 

203- 

203- 


Z£ 


137-2 
148-4 
1490 
142-5 
149-4 
155-0 

149 
150 

146 
148 
146 
151 
160 
160 
163 
163 
160' 
158 


154 
151 
146 
145 
146 
151 
156 
156 
155 


3-5 


172-7 
174-2 
165-6 
169-9 
180-5 
181-3 

190-7 
186-3 
185-3 


192 
167' 
174 
178' 
172' 
183 
186' 


177-1 


178-9 
167-3 
164-3 
161-3 
158-6 
166-7 
168-0 
176-3 
178-2 


2-5 


150-9 
156-2 
154-3 
155-0 
168-5 
175-0 

171-7 
169-0 
169-6 
166-4 
164-2 
170-9 
177-3 
183-5 
179-3 
182-1 
182-8 
183-1 

175-6 
171-3 

170-5 
169-1 
171-1 


163-9 
171-2 
173-1 
177-7 
191-0 
193-8 

190-3 
187-6 
187-5 
187-6 
188-3 
191-6 
196-5 
195-9 
198-3 
200-7 
200-4 
200-7 

198-2 
195-7 
195-4 
196-0 
196-3 


175-2    198-7 


177-8 
178-4 
180-1 


202-0 
201-5 
202-7 


42-7 


156-0 
162-0 
166-7 
168-0 
173-2 
176-7 

173-0 

169-1 

167-8 

168-8 

170-9 

176 

179-2 

182-7 

182-7 

183-0 

182-6 

183 

177 

173-3 

170-9 

171-5 

174-7 

179-2 

183-6 

185-7 

186-4 


5-2 


135 

139-0 

139-7 

140-8 

148-1 

155-7 

152  1 

142-4 

141-7 

142-0 

147-3 

158-5 

162-3 

166-1 

164-2 

162-4 

164 

164-7 

158-5 
148-4 
147-6 
147-7 
152-5 
161-9 
168-3 
173-3 
173-6 


2-5 


158-9 
168-9 
180-3 
188-5 
202-6 
217-9 

206-0 

201-7 

201-8 

201-6 

207-0 

2141 

222-4 

231-5 

235-3 

230-7 

231 

231-6 

226 

219-3 

221-3 

219-3 

222-9 

230-3 

240-1 

247-2 

247-5 


5-2 


174-1 
181-6 
179-3 
180-7 
190-3 
191-3 

186-4 
179-9 
183-9 
188-6 
192-7 
195-1 
171-2 
183-9 
201-9 
206-3 
205-2 


190-7 
181-1 
183-1 
187-5 
190-9 
195-6 
201-5 
206-2 
206-9 


9  3 


Note:— The  percentage  distribution  given  above  shows  the  proportion  of  employees  in  the  indicated  province,  to 
the  total  number  of  employees  reported  in  Canada  by  the  firms  making  returns  at  the  latest  date. 


1839 


TABLE  C-2.— EMPLOYMENT,  PAYROLLS  AND  WEEKLY  WAGES  AND  SALARIES 

(1939  =  100)        (The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision.) 
Source:  Employment  and  Payrolls,  D.B.S. 


Year  and  Month 


Industrial  Composite1 


Index  Numbers 


Employ- 
ment 


Aggregate 
Weekly 
Payrolls 


Average 

Wages  and 

Salaries 


Average 

weekly 

Wages  and 

Salaries 


Manufacturing 


Index  Numbers 


Employ- 
ment 


Aggregate 
Weekly 

Payrolls 


Average 

Wages  and 

Salaries 


Average 

weekly 

Wages  and 

Salaries 


1939— Average. 


1947— 
1948- 

1949- 

1950- 

1951- 

1952- 

Jai. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Jan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Apr. 
May 
June 
July 
Aug. 
Sept. 


Average. 
Avergae. 
Average. 
Average. 
Average. 
Average. 


1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 
1952. 

1953 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 
1953. 


100-0 


158 

165 

165 

168 

180 

184 

181-0 

177-8 

178-0 

177-9 

177-4 

182-5 

185-5 

188-8 

190-6 

192-6 

192-3 

192-2 

187-0 
182-5 
182-0 
182-0 
183-5 
187-5 
191-2 
192-4 
193-5 


100-0 

245-2 
282-9 
303-7 
321-8 
381-3 
426-1 
388-8 
402-9 
409-0 
411-5 
410-6 
420-2 
426-3 
433-3 
442-7 
452-2 
455-8 
459-5 

428-7 
441-1 
445-0 
444-4 
450-0 
460-9 
468-9 
471-4 
475-3 


100-0 

154-4 
170-9 
183-3 
191-3 
211-6 
230-9 
215-1 
226-9 
230-2 
231-7 
231-8 
230-7 
230-2 
229-9 
232-7 
235-2 
237-4 
239-4 

229-6 
242-0 
244-9 
244-6 
245-4 
246-2 
245-6 
245-4 
245-9 


$ 
23.44 

36.19 
40.06 
42.96 
44.84 
49.61 
54.13 
50.42 
53.19 
53.95 
54.32 
54.34 
54.08 
53.96 
53.89 
54.55 
55.12 
55.65 
56.12 

53.81 
56.72 
57.40 
57.33 
57.52 
57.71 
57.57 
57.52 
57.65 


100-0 

171-0 
176-0 
175-9 
177-5 
190-0 


192 
183 
185 
187 
188 


190-9 
191-4 
194-1 
198-5 
200-8 
199-8 


196-3 
197-6 
199-5 
200-1 
200-8 
201-6 
203-5 
203-0 
204-4 


100-0 

272-7 
314-1 
339-2 
360-2 
427-6 
474-0 
417-8 
449-9 
458-0 
467-2 
468-4 
470-1 
470-1 
474-6 
490-9 
503-0 
505-7 
512-2 

473-2 
510-3 
518-7 
522-2 
523-9 
526-2 
528-8 
525-4 
529-3 


100-0 

159-5 
178-5 
192-9 
202-8 
224-9 
246-2 
227-4 
242-9 
244-5 
248-1 
248-1 
246-2 
245-5 
244-4 
247-3 
250-5 
253-0 
256-5 

241-0 
258-1 
260-0 
260-8 
260-8 
260-8 
259-6 
258-6 
258-6 


$ 

22.79 

36.34 
40.67 
43.97 
46.21 
51.25 
56.11 
51.82 
55.36 
55.73 
56.55 
56.55 
56.10 
55.95 
55.71 
56.36 
57.09 
57.66 
58.46 

54.93 
58.83 
59.25 
59.44 
59.44 
59.44 
59  16 
58.93 
58.94 


1  Include?  (1)  Forestry  (chiefly  logging),  (2)  Mining  (including  milling),  quarrying  and  oil  wells,  (3)  Manufacturing, 
(4)  Construction,  (5)  Transportation,  storage  and  communication,  (6)  Public  utility  operation,  (7)  Trade,  (8)  Finance, 
insurance  and  real  estate  and  (9)  Service,  (mainly  hotels,  restaurants,  laundries,  dry  cleaning  plants,  business  and  recre- 
ational service). 


1840 


TABLE  C-3.- 


AREA  AND  INDUSTRY  SUMMARY  OF  EMPLOYMENT,  PAYROLLS 
AND  AVERAGE  WEEKLY  WAGES  AND  SALARIES 


Area  and  Industry 


(a)  Pkovinces 


Prince  Edward  Island. 

Nova  Scotia 

New  Brunswick 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Manitoba 

Saskatchewan 

Alberta 

British  Columbia 


CANADA. 


(b)  Metropolitan  Areas 


Sydney 

Halifax 

Saint  John 

Quebec 

Sherbrooke 

Three  Rivers 

Drummondville 

Montreal 

Ottawa— Hull 

Peterborough 

Oshawa 

Niagara  Falls 

St.  Catherines 

Toronto 

Hamilton 

Brantford 

Gait 

Kitchener 

Sudbury 

London 

Sarnia 

Windsor 

Sault  Ste.  Marie 

Ft.  William— Pt.  Arthur. 

Winnipeg 

Regina 

Saskatoon 

Edmonton 

Calgary 

Vancouver 

Victoria 


(c)  Industries 


Forestry  (chiefly  logging) , 

Mining , 

Manufacturing , 

Durable  Goods ' 

Non-Durable  Goods 

Construction , 

Transportation,     storage,      comn 

cation , 

Public  utility  operation 

Trade 

Finance,  insurance  and  real  estate . 
Service  2 


Industrial  composite. 


Index  Numbers  (1939  =  100) 


Employment 


Sept.  1 
1953 


203-8 
155-3 
178-2 
180-1 
202-7 
186-4 
173-6 
247-5 
206-9 

193  5 


103-2 
213-9 
172-0 
172-4 
164-6 
173-3 
168-5 
190-5 
194-5 
202-9 
296-4 
336-2 
237-5 
213-4 
208-9 
170-3 
164-2 
187-4 
184-1 
204-4 
324-5 
232-6 
262-4 
252-4 
183-1 
190-3 
220-9 
322-7 
246-5 
210-0 
228-6 


138-2 


121 
204 
262 


220-5 


194-7 
213-2 
183-2 
180-4 
204-3 


193-5 


Aug.  1,  Sept.  1, 
1953    1952 


203-6 


156 

176 

178 

201 

185 

173 

247-2 

206-2 


192-4 


104-1 
212-5 
172-3 
171-2 
165-4 
176-7 
165-9 
188-4 
193-1 
197-4 
297-9 
313-9 
241-7 
211-2 
209-1 
180-7 
161-1 
183-5 
185-1 
204-0 
326-0 
243-6 
263-7 
250-9 
181-9 
187-6 
222-8 
326-7 
245-0 
208-5 
226-8 


136-1 
124-0 
203-0 
263-7 
163-8 
215-0 

194-2 
211-7 
183-2 
180-4 
204-0 

192-4 


209-2 
163-8 
183-5 
179-3 
198-3 


182' 
164' 
235 
201 


190-6 


114-8 
219-8 
179-5 
157-6 
173-2 
176-7 
173-3 
184-0 
192-7 
196-6 
274-1 
318-2 
250-7 
202-0 
203-0 
212-7 
158-0 
176-1 
184-0 
199-6 
328-4 
232-8 
248-5 
236-4 
178-0 
176-8 
206-2 
301-1 
236-2 
205-8 
221-0 


151-1 
127-2 
198-5 
251-2 
164-5 
224-7 

192-5 
204-7 
177-5 
180-5 
197-8 

190-6 


Payrolls 


Sept.  1,   Aug.  1, 1  Sept.  1, 
1953         1953         1952 


457-7 
351-8 
432-2 
462-9 
492-9 
404-4 
399-5 
585-8 
510-1 


475-3 


277-8 
422-6 
365-8 
441-2 
389-1 
466-7 
450-8 
463-6 
442-2 
587-8 
795-7 
922-9 
624-2 
511-6 
523-1 
464-3 
428-2 
488-3 
460-2 
474-4 
858-7 
548-0 
661-1 
589-8 
392-7 
430-2 
509-6 
813-5 
543-1 
501-5 
547-6 


470-9 
290-8 
529-3 
688-9 
414-8 
717-4 

420-7 
469-5 
412-6 
322-8 
445-4 

475-3 


450-8 
353-2 
421-8 
456-3 
490-8 
399-7 
397-5 
581-2 
505-9 

471  4 


285-3 
417-8 
359-5 
434-5 
397-0 
472-1 
446-1 
455-4 
435-7 
556-6 
827-6 
865-0 
648-6 
504-9 
530-2 
494-0 
418-6 
471-2 
458-0 
472-5 
839-1 
589-9 
682-0 
589-4 
386-6 
425-9 


829-4 
533-5 
496-0 
547-4 


466-6 
294-1 
525-4 
690-4 
406-9 
691-3 

417-6 
469-3 
413-0 
322-9 
446-0 


471-4 


431-3 
352-2 
409-8 
436-5 
459-2 
373-2 
351-9 
516-4 


442  7 


299-5 
415-8 
358-5 
375-6 
400-9 
455-4 
442-1 
424-4 
408-9 
537-3 
779-5 
842-5 
648-8 
456-1 
497-4 
570-6 
403-3 
442-9 
417-7 
443-2 
807-3 
537-6 
589-0 
528-0 
361-8 
386-8 
443-0 
698-6 
492-5 
463-4 
497-5 


491-4 
292-0 
490-9 
631-9 
389-7 
670-0 


384  ■ 
429 
378' 
307 
401 


Average  Weekly 
Wages  and  Salaries 


Sept.  1,  Aug.  1,    Sept.  1, 
1953         1953         1952 


442-7 


44.64 
48.55 
49.31 
54.68 
59.55 
55.74 
55.68 
60.23 
64.15 

57.65 


60.17 
46.27 
45.55 
47.59 
45.94 
53.88 
51.21 
55.57 
52.57 
61.17 
63.36 
66.32 
64.38 
60.53 
60.48 
56.66 
53.59 
55.46 
75.06 
54.96 
73.25 
65.59 
66.80 
59.74 
52.34 
51.52 
50.97 
59.42 
56.81 
59.85 
57.43 


59.29 
69.20 
58.94 
63.63 
54.17 
61-28 

61.79 
64.82 
49.23 
52.10 
36.71 

57.65 


44.02 
48.26 
48.65 
54.43 
59.66 
55.30 
55.49 
59.84 
63.83 

57  52 


61.27 
46.05 
44.69 
47.19 
46.65 
53.45 
51.50 
55.21 
52.17 
59.57 
65.58 
66.56 
65.75 
60.37 
61.24 
56.82 
53.38 
54.66 
74.27 
54.84 
71.24 
67.42 
68.58 
60.06 
51.87 
51.74 
50.45 
59.85 
56.15 
59.64 
57.85 


59.62 
68.46 
58.93 
63.56 
54.13 
60.55 

61.49 
65.27 
49.29 
52.12 
36.82 

57.52 


41-04 
46.07 
45.44 
51.83 
56.74 
52.54 
51.91 
55.81 
60.50 

54.55 


58.33 
44.31 
42.79 
44.42 
44.93 
51.57 
48.84 
52.73 
49.15 
57.66 
67.24 
63.85 
63.49 
57.05 
59.26 
55.71 
52.37 
53.33 
68.18 
52.55 
68.15 
64.37 
62.88 
56.91 
49.59 
49.55 
47.60 
54.55 
53.67 
56.45 
53.97 


56.31 
66.22 
56.36 
61.11 
51.67 
56.05 

57.15 
61.80 
46.61 
49.51 
33.92 

54.55 


1  Includes  wood  products,  iron  and  steel  products,  transportation  equipment,  non-ferrous  metal  products,  electrical 
apparatus  and  supplies  and  non-metallic  mineral  products,  The  non-durable  group  includes  the  remaining  manufacturing 
industries. 

2  Mainly  hotels,  restaurants,  laundries,  dry  cleaning  plants  and  business  and  recreational  services. 


1841 


Tables  C-4  to  C-6  are  based  on  reports  from  a  somewhat  smaller  number  of  firms  than  Tables  C-l  to  C-3. 
They  relate  only  to  wage-earners  for  whom  statistics  of  hours  of  work  are  also  available,  whereas  Tables  C-l  to 
C-3  relate  to  salaried  employees  as  well  as  to  all  wage-earners  of  the  co-operative  firms. 

TABLE  C-4.— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  IN  MANUFACTURING 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage-Earners)        Source:  Man-hours  and  Hourly  earnings,  D.B.S. 


All  Manufact 

ures 

Durable  Goods 

Non-Durable  Goods 

Year  and  Month 

Average 
Hours 

Average 
Hourly 

Average 
Weekly 

Average 
Hours 

Average 
Hourly 

Average 
Weekly 

Average 
Hours 

Average 
Hourly 

Average 
Weekly 

Earnings 

Wages 

Earnings 

Wages 

Earnings 

W  ages 

No. 

cts. 

$ 

No. 

cts. 

$ 

No. 

cts. 

$ 

1945 — Average 

44-3 

69-4 

30.74 

44-7 

76-7 

34.28 

43-7 

60-7 

26.53 

1946 — Average 

42-7 

70-0 

29.87 

42-8 

76-4 

32.70 

42-6 

63-8 

27.18 

1947— Average 

42-5 

80-3 

34.13 

42-7 

87-2 

37.23 

42-3 

73-4 

31.05 

1948 — Average 

42-2 

91-3 

38.53 

42-3 

98-4 

41.62 

42-0 

84-0 

35.28 

1949 — Average 

42-3 

98-6 

41.71 

42-5 

106-5 

45.26 

42-0 

90-6 

38.05 

1950 — Average 

42-3 

103-6 

43.82 

42-5 

112-0 

47.60 

42-2 

95-2 

40.17 

1951— Average 

41-8 

116-8 

48.82 

42-0 

125-8 

52.84 

41-7 

107-2 

44.70 

1952— Average 

41-5 

129-2 

53.62 

41-6 

139-8 

58.16 

41-3 

117-4 

48.49 

*Jan.      1,   1952 

38-1 

127-1 

48.43 

38-3 

136-4 

52.24 

37-9 

116-8 

44.27 

Feb.       1,   1952 

41-6 

127-1 

52.87 

41-9 

137-5 

57.61 

41-2 

115-7 

47.67 

Mar.       1,   1952 

41-7 

127-8 

53.29 

41-8 

138-4 

57.85 

41-5 

116-0 

48  14 

Apr.       1,  1952 

421 

129-0 

54.31 

42-3 

139-6 

59.05 

41-8 

116-9 

48.86 

May       1,   1952 

41-9 

129-4 

54.22 

42-1 

139-5 

58.73 

41-6 

117-8 

49.00 

June        1,   1952 

41-3 

129-7 

53.57 

41-4 

139-6 

57.79 

41-3 

118-4 

48.90 

July        1,   1952 

41-3 

128-6 

53.11 

41-4 

138-3 

57.26 

41-2 

117-9 

48.57 

Aug.       1,  1952 

411 

128-9 

52.98 

41-1 

139-4 

57.29 

41-1 

117-5 

48.29 

Sept.      1,  1952 

41-6 

129-5 

53.87 

41-8 

141-2 

59.02 

41-4 

116-8 

48.36 

Oct.        1,  1952 

42-1 

129-9 

54.69 

42-2 

141-8 

59.84 

420 

117-0 

49.14 

Nov.      1,  1952 

421 

1310 

55.15 

42-1 

142-6 

60.03 

421 

118-4 

49.85 

Dec.       1,  1952 

42-5 

132-1 

56.14 

42-6 

143-6 

61.17 

42-2 

119-3 

50.34 

♦Jan.      1,   1953 

38-3 

134-0 

51.32 

38-5 

144-5 

55.63 

38-2 

121-8 

46.53 

Feb.       1,  1953 

41-9 

134-2 

56.23 

41-9 

145-7 

61.05 

41-8 

120-8 

50.49 

Mar.       1,  1953 

42-1 

134-4 

56.58 

42-4 

146-3 

62.03 

41-7 

120-7 

50.33 

Apr.       1,  1953 

42-1 

134-9 

56.79 

42-3 

146-7 

62.05 

41-8 

121-3 

50.70 

May       1,   1953 

41-8 

135-5 

56.64 

42-2 

146-8 

61.95 

41-5 

122-4 

50.80 

June       1,   1953 

41-7 

135-9 

56.67 

42-1 

146-8 

61.80 

41  3 

123-1 

50.84 

July        1,  1953 

41-3 

136-2 

56.25 

41-9 

147-0 

61.59 

40-8 

123-5 

50.39 

Aug.       1,  1953 

41-0 

136-0 

55.76 

41-4 

147-1 

60.90 

40-8 

123-4 

50.10 

Sept.      1,  1953 

411 

135-8 

55.81 

41-4 

147-2 

60.94 

40-7 

123- 1 

50.10 

'The  averages  at  these  dates  were  affected  by  loss  of  working  time  at  the  year-end  holidays  in  the  case  of  January  1 . 


TABLE  C-5.— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  IN  MANUFACTURING  BY  PROVINCES 

AND  CITIES 

(Hourly-Rated  Wage  Earners)        Source:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings,  D.B.S. 


Average  Hours  Worked 

Average  Hourly  Earnings 
(in  cents) 

Sept.  1, 
1953 

Aug.  1, 
1953 

Sept.  1, 
1952 

Sept.  1, 
1953 

Aug.   1, 
1953 

Sept.  1, 
1952 

41-8 
41-9 
42-7 
42-6 
40-5 
40-4 
40-3 
40-3 
38-2 

41-5 
40-5 
38-7 
390 
40-1 
381 

40-9 
41-2 
42-8 
42-3 
40-6 
40-0 
40-3 
40-3 
38-3 

41-1 
40-4 
39-5 
39-7 
39-6 
37-8 

43-4 
42-4 
43-1 
43-2 
410 
410 
41-0 
40-6 
38-7 

420 
40-5 
40-5 
40-1 
40-4 
381 

129-0 
119-3 
117-4 
122-5 
143-3 
131-7 
137-8 
139-5 
162-2 

129-0 
144-3 
155-2 
164-1 
130-5 
162-5 

129-6 
119-8 
116-3 
121-9 
144-2 
131-7 
136-8 
140-1 
161-3 

128-6 
144-4 
156-2 
168-5 
130-3 
161  1 

121-2 

113-9 

1111 

115-9 

Ontario 

137-0 

123-9 

Saskatchewan 

Alberta 

131-5 
130-9 

British  Columbia 

157-3 

122-0 

136-3 

Hamilton 

149-7 

160-5 

122-4 

156-2 

1842 


TABLE  C-6.— HOURS  AND  EARNINGS  BY  INDUSTRY 

(Hourly- Rated  Wage  Earners) 

Source:  Man-Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings,  D.B.S. 

(The  latest  figures  are  subject  to  revision) 


Industry- 


Average  Hours 


Sept.l  Aug.  1  Sept.l 
1953      1953      1952 


Average  Hourly 
Earnings 


Sept.l  Aug.  1  Sept.l 
1953      1953      1952 


Average  Weekly 
Wages 


•ept.l  Aug.  1  Sept.l 
1953      1953      1952 


Mining 

Metal  mining 

Gold 

Other  metal 

Fuels 

Coal 

Oil  and  natural  gas 

Non-metal 

Manufacturing 

Food  and  beverages 

Meat  products 

Canned  and  preserved  fruits  and  vegetables. 

Grain  mill  products 

Bread  and  other  bakery  products 

Distilled  and  malt  liquors 

Tobacco  and  tobacco  products 

Rubber  products 

Leather  products 

Boots  and  shoes  (except  rubber) 

Textile  products  (except  clothing) 

Cotton  yarn  and  broad  woven  goods 

Woollen  goods 

Synthetic  textiles  and  silk , 

Clothing  (textile  and  fur) 

Men's  clothing 

Women's  clothing 

Knit  goods 

*  Wood  products 

Saw  and  planing  mills 

Furniture 

Other  wood  products 

Paper  products 

Pulp  and  paper  mills 

Other  paper  products 

Printing,  publishing  and  allied  industries 

•Iron  and  steel  products 

Agricultural  implements 

Fabricated  and  structural  steel 

Hardware  and  tools 

Heating  and  cooking  appliances 

Iron  castings 

Machinery  manufacturing 

Primary  iron  and  steel 

Sheet  metal  products 

♦Transportation  equipment 

Aircraft  and  parts 

Motor  vehicles 

Motor  vehicle  parts  and  accessories 

Railroad  and  rolling  stock  equipment 

Shipbuilding  and  repairing 

•Non-ferrous  metal  products 

Aluminum  products 

Brass  and  copper  products 

Smelting  and  refining 

•Electrical  apparatus  and  supplies 

Heavy  electrical  machinery  and  equipment. 
*Non -metallic  mineral  products 

Clay  products 

Glass  and  glass  products 

Products  of  petroleum  and  coal .• 

Chemical  products 

Medicinal  and  pharmaceutical  preparations . 

Acids,  alkalis  and  salts 

Miscellaneous  manufacturing  industries 

•Durable  goods 

Non-durable  goods 

Construction 

Buildings  and  structures 

Highways,  bridges  and  streets 

Electric  and  motor  transportation 

Service 

Hotels  and  restaurants 

Laundries  and  dry  cleaning  plants 


no. 

43  0 

44-5 

45-9 

43-7 

39-6 

38-1 

44-5 

43-4 

41  1 

41-1 

39-5 

36-8 

421 

44-1 

41-8 

39 

40-0 

39-8 

39-1 

40 

37-9 

43-0 

43 

38-2 

38-0 

36-3 

39-7 

42-2 

41-7 

43-3 

42 

43-5 

44-1 

41 

39-8 

41 

38 

40 

40-9 

41 

42-1 

42 

40 

41 

40 

43 

39 

37 

39 

42 

42-2 

41-8 

41-9 

42-9 

40-3 

40-9 

43-5 

44-8 

44-0 

41  4 

41-2 

40-9 

41  3 

41-6 

41-4 

40-7 

43-5 

42-2 

42-8 

44-3 

41-8 

42-4 

41-2 


no. 

42-8 
44-1 
46-0 
43 

39 


43 

43 

41 

41-5 

40-4 

37-7 

41-6 

44-3 

43-4 

39-4 

39 

39 

38 

40-3 

37-3 

42- 

43-5 

37 

36-5 

35' 

39 

42' 

41 


43-7 

43-5 

43-9 

42-4 

39-6 

41-3 

38-8 

40-7 

40-6 

41-4 

41-8 

42-3 

40-7 

41-6 

40-9 

43-0 

40-6 

39-7 

39-1 

42-9 

41-9 

41-9 

41-2 

42-8 

40 

40 

43-5 

44 

43-6 

41-0 

41-9 

41  2 

41 

41 

41 

40 

43 

41 

42 

43-6 

42-0 

42-8 

41-3 


no. 

42  7 

44-2 

45-4 

43-4 

39-6 

38-6 

43-1 

42-9 

41  (i 

41 

40-7 

39-2 

44-6 

45-3 

42 

40-3 

41-6 

41-0 

40 

41 

38 

43 

43-7 

38-7 

38-6 

36-7 

39-8 

43-0 

42-6 

43-6 

43-9 

44-7 

45-6 

42-1 

39-6 

41-8 

39-4 

42-0 

41-7 

42-3 

42-3 

42-0 

41-8 

42-0 

41-4 

44-7 

41-6 

39-3 

40-0 

41-5 

41-3 

43-0 

42-3 

40-8 

40-8 

41-3 

44-1 

44-5 

44-6 

41-7 

41-5 

411 

41-3 

40-7 

41-8 

41 

42 

42-0 

43-4 

46-0 

42 

43 

41-2 


cts. 

153  4 

156-8 
132-6 
171-9 
152-9 
148-1 
165-6 
141-1 
135-8 
112-9 
141 
91-4 
128-5 
105-4 
145 
135-9 
140-3 
97-2 

93-5 
107-1 
109 
102-3 
109-3 

96 

64 
104 

96-2 
121 
128 
111-1 
106 
152 
102 
121 
159 
154 
161 
162-5 
138 
133 
151 
146 
170-3 
147 
156-8 
158-8 
168-4 
156-1 
158-0 
144-4 
152-6 
141-2 
144-0 
165-4 
143-4 
157-7 
1361 
123-3 
132-9 
180-9 
138-7 
114-6 
157-9 
111-6 
147-2 
123-1 
142-0 
156-8 
111-9 
137-0 

77-3 

76-6 

74-9 


148 

150 
130 
162 
152 
150 
159 
136 
129 
107 
137 
86 
122 
99 
140 
128 
130 
92 
89 
104 
105 
98 
107 
92 
89 
97 
93 
117 
125 
105 
100 
141 
149 
114 
150 
146 
160 
156 
131 
127 
143 
136 
158 
140 
149 
148 
166 
152 
142 
142 
149 
138 
136 
163 
140 
155 
128 
121 
124 
173 
132 
107 
150 
103 
141 
116 
130 
143 
102 
131 
72 
71 
71 


65.96 

69.78 

60.86 

75.12 

60.55 

56.43 

73.69 

61.24 

55  81 

46.40 

56.05 

33.64 

54.10 

46.48 

60.94 

54.09 

56.12 

38.69 

36.56 

43.70 

41.61 

43 

47.65 

36.98 

35.83 

37.93 

38.19 

51.27 

53.58 

48.11 

45.48 

66.21 


71.44 

50.67 

63.44 

63.76 

62.58 

65.65 

56.69 

55.54 

63.66 

62.16 

69.48 

61.84 

63.82 

68.28 

66.85 

58.54 

62.88 

61.95 

64.40 

59.02 

60.34 

70.96 

57.79 

64.50 

59.20 

55.24 

58.48 

74.89 

57  14 

46.87 

65.21 

46.43 

60  94 

50.10 

61.77 

66.17 

47  89 

60.69 

32.31 

32.48 

30.86 

65.36 

68.58 

60.81 

73.23 

61.02 

57.67 

71.60 

61.03 

55.76 

47.43 

57.37 

35.17 

53.79 

46.65 

63.19 

54.06 

56.64 

37.77 

35.79 

43.28 

40.88 

43.53 

47 

35.68 

33.87 

36.91 

37.31 

50.63 

52.84 

47.17 

46.02 

66.03 

70.94 

51.43 

62.57 

63.44 

62.12 

66.54 

55.95 

54.69 

62.91 

61.50 

69.11 

60.78 

64.38 

67.64 

69.79 

62.37 

61.58 

61.95 

63.77 

59.00 

59.04 

70.49 

58.10 

64.38 

59.20 

55.27 

57.64 

72.86 

58.41 

47.09 

66.03 

45.91 

60.90 

50.10 

61  28 

65.36 

47.42 

59.51 

32.34 

32.57 

30.89 


63.49 

66.30 
59.38 
70.61 
60.31 
57.90 
68.87 
58.69 
53.87 
45  08 
55.96 
33.95 
54.55 
44.98 
59.66 
51.95 
54.45 
37.88 
36.22 
43.01 
40.38 
42.88 
47.15 
35.64 
34.55 
35.78 
37.09 
50.57 
53.55 
45.87 
44.30 
63.38 
68.35 
48.29 
59.56 
61.15 
63.28 
65.81 
54.63 
54.06 
60.49 
57.16 
66.29 
59.01 
61.93 
66.47 
69.39 
59.74 
56.84 
58.93 
61.70 
59.56 
57.53 
66.75 
57.28 
64.30 
56.71 
54.16 
55.62 
72.52 
54.78 
44.22 
61.95 
42.21 
59.02 
48.36 
55.86 
60.31 
44.53 
60.40 
31.19 
31.34 
29.58 


•Durable  manufactured  goods  industries. 


1843 


TABLE  C-7. 


EARNINGS,  HOURS  AND  REAL  EARNINGS  FOR  WAGE  EARNERS  IN 
MANUFACTURING  INDUSTRIES  IN  CANADA 


Sotjece:  Man  Hours  and  Hourly  Earnings:  Prices  and  Price  Indexes,  D.B.S. 


Date 


Average 

Hours 

Worked 

Per  Week 

Average 

Hourly 

Earnings 

Average 
Weekly 

Earnings 
(W.E.) 

cts. 

$ 

44-3 

69-4 

30.74 

42-7 

70-0 

29.87 

42-5 

80-3 

34.13 

42-2 

91-3 

38.53 

42-3 

98-6 

41.71 

42-3 

103-6 

43.82 

41-8 

116-8 

48.82 

41-5 

129-2 

53.62 

41-6 

129-5 

53.87 

42-1 

129-9 

54.69 

42-1 

131-0 

55.15 

42-5 

132-1 

56.14 

42-2* 

134-0 

56.55 

41-9 

134-2 

56.23 

42-1 

134-4 

56.58 

42-1 

134-9 

56.79 

41-8 

135-5 

56-64 

41-7 

135-9 

56-67 

41-3 

136-2 

56.25 

41-0 

136-0 

55.76 

41-1 

135-8 

55.81 

Index  Numbers  (A v.  1949-100) 


Average 

Real 
Weekly 
Earnings 


Average 

Consumer 

Weekly 

Price 

Earnings 

Index 

73-7 

75-0 

71-6 

77-5 

81-8 

84-8 

92-4 

97-0 

100-0 

100-0 

105-1 

102-9 

117-0 

113-7 

128-6 

116-5 

129-2 

116-1 

131-1 

116-0 

132-2 

116-1 

134-5 

115-8 

135-6 

115-7 

134-8 

115-5 

135-7 

114-8 

136-2 

114-6 

135-8 

114-4 

135-9 

114-9 

134-9 

115-4 

133.7 

115.7 

133-8 

116-2 

Monthly  Average  1945 

Monthly  Average  1946 

Monthly  Average  1947 

Monthly  Average  1948 

Monthly  Average  1949 

Monthly  Average  1950 

Monthly  Average  1951 

Monthly  Average  1952 

Week  Preceding: 

September  1,1952.... 
October  1,1952.... 
November  1,  1952.... 
December    1,1952.... 

January  1,  1953 

February  1,1953.... 

March  1,1953.... 

April  1,1953.... 

May  1,1953.... 

June  1,1953.... 

July  1,1953.... 

August  1,1953.... 

September  1,  1953  (>) 


98-3 
92-4 
96-5 
95-3 
100-0 
i02-l 
102-9 
110-4 


111-3 
113-0 
113-9 
116-1 

117-2 
116-7 
118-2 
118-8 
118-7 
118-3 
116-9 
115-6 
115- 1 


Note:  Average  Real  Weekly  Earnings  were  computed  by  dividing  the  Consumer  Price  Index  into  the  average 
weekly  earnings  index.     (Average  1949-100)  by  the  Economics  and  Research  Branch,  Department  of  Labour. 
*  Figures  adjusted  for  holidays.    The  actual  figures  are:   January  1,  1953,  38-3  hours,  $51.32. 
0)  Latest  figures  subject  to  revision. 


1844 


D — National  Employment  Service  Statistics 


Tables  D-l  to  D-5  are  based  on  regular 
statistical  reports  from  local  offices  of  the 
National  Employment  Service.  These 
statistics  are  compiled  from  two  different 
reporting  forms,  UIC  751:  statistical  report 
on  employment  operations  by  industry,  and 
UIC  757:  inventory  of  registrations  and 
vacancies  by  occupation.  The  data  on 
applicants  and  vacancies  in  these  two 
reporting    forms    are    not    identical. 

Form  VIC  751:  This  form  provides  a 
cumulative  total  for  each  month  of  all 
vacancies  notified  by  employers,  applications 
made  by  workers,  and  referrals  and  place- 
ments made  by  the  National  Employment 
Service.  Also  reported  are  the  number  of 
vacancies  unfilled  and  applications  on  file 
at  the  beginning  and  end  of  each  reporting 
period.  Because  the  purpose  of  these  data 
is  to  give  an  indication  of  the  volume  of 
work  performed  in  various  local  National 
Employment  Service  offices,  all  vacancies 
and  applications  are  counted,  even  if  the 
vacancy  is  not  to  be  filled  until  some  future 
date  (deferred  vacancy)  or  the  application 
is  from  a  person  who  already  has  a  job 
and  wants  to  find  a  more  suitable  one. 

Form  VIC  757:  This  form  provides  a 
count  of  the  number  of  jobs  available  and 
applications  on  file  at  the  end  of  business 
on  a  specified  day.  Excluded  from  the  data 
on  unfilled  vacancies  are  orders  from 
employers  not  to  be  filled  until  some  future 
date.  The  data  on  job  applications  from 
workers  exclude  those  people  known  to  be 
already  employed,  those  known   to  be   regis- 


tered at  more  than'  one  local  office  (the 
registration  is  counted  by  the  "home"  office), 
and  registrations  from  workers  who  will  not 
be  available  until  some  specified  future  date. 

From  January  24,  1952,  to  December  24, 
1952,  inclusive,  unemployment  insurance 
claimants  on  temporary  mass  lay-offs  were 
not  registered  for  employment  and  thus  were 
not  included  in  the  statistics  reported  on 
form  UIC  751  and  form  UIC  757.  A 
temporary  mass  lay-off  was  defined  as  a 
lay-off  either  for  a  determinate  or  indeter- 
minate period  which  affected  50  or  more 
workers  and  where  the  workers  affected,  so 
far  as  was  known,  were  returning  to  work 
with  the  same  employer.  Commencing  15 
days  after  the  date  of  such  a  lay-off, 
claimants  still  on  the  live  insurance  register 
were  registered  for  employment  on  their  next 
visit  to  the  office  and  henceforth  were 
counted  in  both  statistical  reporting  forms. 
This  procedure  is  no  longer  in  effect,  as  all 
workers  on  temporary  mass  lay-offs  now  are 
registered  for  employment  and  so  counted  in 
the  statistical  reporting  forms.  This  change 
in  procedure  should  be  kept  in  mind  when 
comparing  the  figures  on  applications  for 
employment  during  1952  with  data  for 
earlier  and  subsequent  periods. 

Persons  losing  several  days'  work  each 
week  and  consequently  claiming  short-time 
unemployment  insurance  benefits  are  not 
included  in  either  statistical  reporting  form 
unless  they  specifically  ask  to  be  registered 
for  employment. 


TABLE  D-l.— UNFILLED  VACANCIES  AND  LIVE  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EMPLOYMENT 

(Source:  U.I.C.  757) 


Month 

Unfilled  Vacancies* 

Live  Applications  for 
Employment 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Date  Nearest: 

November   1,  1947 

65,184 
31,856 
14,535 
41,144 
44,820 

23,846 
19,544 
12,051 
12,235 
13,604 
18,545 
24,982 
24,564 
21,229 
19,382 
24,203 

24,025 

15,282 

27,740 
18,595 
15,200 
13,085 
10,868 

18,092 
15,738 
12,143 
13,264 
13,799 
16,368 
19,142 
21,143 
20,088 
17,772 
20,321 

17,806 

13,058 

92,924 
50,451 
29,735 
54,229 

55,688 

41,938 
35,282 
24,194 
25,499 
27,403 
34,913 
44,124 
45,707 
41,317 
37,154 
44,524 

41,831 

28,340 

64,730 
67,569 
122,664 
89,690 
94,491 

99,383 
142,788 
254,660 
317,723 
331,618 
338,500 
241,990 
152,488 
124,396 
111,524 
113,191 

117,827 

144,520 

31,099 
34,280 
49,702 
57,313 
61,017 

49,258 
51,725 
60,901 
73,213 
72,065 
66,702 
57,397 
49,614 
55,918 
52,357 
48,634 

53,453 

60,997 

95,829 

November  1,  1948 

101,849 

November   1 ,  1949 

172,366 

November   1,  1950 

147,003 

November  1,  1951 

155,508 

November  1,  1952 

148,641 

December    1,  1952 

194,513 

January         1 , 1953 

315,561 

February      1,  1953 

390,936 

March           1,  1953 

403,683 

April              1,  1953 

405,202 

May               1,  1953 

299,387 
202,102 

June               1, 1953 

July               1, 1953 

180,314 

August          1,  1953 

163,881 

September   1,1953 

161,825 

October        1,  1953(') 

171,280 

November  1,  19530) 

205,517 

*— Current  vacancies  only.    Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 
C1) — Latest  figures  subject  to  revision. 


1845 


TABLE  D-2.— UNFILLED  VACANCIES  BY  INDUSTRY  AND  BY  SEX  AS  AT 
SEPTEMBER  30,  1953  (i) 

(Source:     Form  U.I.C.  751) 


Industry 


Male 


Female 


Total 


Change  from 


Aug.  31/53     Sept.  30/52 


Agriculture,  Fishing,  Trapping 

Forestry 

Mining,  Quarrying  and  Oil  Wells: 

Metal  Mining , 

Fuels 

Non-Metal  Mining 

Quarrying,  Clay  and  Sand  Pits 

Prospecting 

Manufacturing: 

Foods  and  Beverages 

Tobacco  and  Tobacco  Products 

Rubber  Products 

Leather  Products 

Textile  Products  (except  clothing) 

Clothing  (textile  and  fur) 

Wood  Products 

Paper  Products 

Printing,  Publishing  and  Allied  Industries. . . 

Iron  and  Steel  Products 

Transportation  Equipment 

Non-Ferrous  Metal  Products 

Electrical  Apparatus  and  Supplies 

Non-Metallic  Mineral  Products 

Products  of  Petroleum  and  Coal 

Chemical  Products 

Miscellaneous  Manufacturing  Industries 

Construction: 

General  Contractors 

Special  Trade  Contractors 

Transportation,  Storage  and  Communication 

Transportation 

Storage 

Communication 

Public  Utility  Operation 

Trade: 

Wholesale 

Retail 

Finance,  Insurance  and  Real  Estate 

Service: 

Community  or  Public  Service 

Government  Service , 

Recreation  Service 

Business  Service 

Personal  Service 

GRAND  TOTAL 


1,246 
4,958 

670 

264 
293 
42 
34 
37 

4,974 

357 
1 

61 
183 

98 
364 
439 
261 
283 
712 
956 
247 
253 
162 

21 
345 
231 

3,860 

2,653 
1,207 

1,191 

844 

86 

261 

123 

2,973 

940 
2,033 

1,038 

4,319 

333 
2,447 
260 
479 
800 

25,352 


272 


12 

4,246 

371 

21 

19 

254 

271 

1,944 

132 

78 

184 

160 

102 

115 

196 

34 

19 

136 

210 

106 

62 
44 

287 

103 

18 

166 


3,327 

714 
2,613 

743 

8,783 

1,254 

491 

144 

403 

6,491 

17,923 


1,518 
5,016 

702 

278 

298 

43 

34 

49 

9,220 

728 

22 

80 

437 

369 

2,308 
571 
339 
467 
872 

1,058 
362 


40 
481 
441 

3,966 

2,715 
1,251 

1,478 

947 
104 
427 

192 

6,300 

1,654 
4,646 

1,781 

13,102 

1,587 

2,938 

404 

882 

7,291 

43,275 


391 
1,102 

111 

45 
151 
21 
15 
10 

1,765 

1,045 
24 
30 
57 
79 
620 
153 
102 
97 
123 
151 
52 
31 
2 
11 


263 

399 
136 

137 

220 
19 


IS 

63 

62 
1 

174 

263 

429 

1,165 

30 

84 

419 


645 
+  1,146 
-  431 


2,777 


2,927 


See  Foot 
Note  (2) 


701 


+         183 
204 


-    1,334 


-      6,530 


(2)  Preliminary — subject  to  revision. 

Current  vacancies  only.     Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 

(2)  Commencing  January  2,  1953,  the  Standard  Industrial  Classification  Manual  of  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
replaced  the  Industrial  Classification  Manual  of  the  Department  of  Labour.  Since  there  is  a  difference  in  the  grouping 
of  the  two  industry  divisions— Transportation,  Storage  and  Communication,  and  Public  Utility  Operation,  the  change 
in  these  divisions  can  only  be  recorded  in  the  Grand  Total. 


1846 


TABLE  D-3. 


-UNFILLED  VACANCIES  AND  LIVE  APPLICATIONS  FOR  EMPLOYMENT, 
BY  OCCUPATION  AND  BY  SEX  AS  AT  OCTOBER  1,  19530) 


(Source:  Form  U.I.C.  757) 


Occupational  Group 

(2)   Unfilled  Vacan 

jies 

Live  Appli cations  for  Employment 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Professional  and  managerial  workers 

1,197 

2,280 

1,673 

994 

1,198 
12,232 

73 

192 

5,583 

82 

78 

38 
943 
294 

36 

246 

1,791 

915 

67 

292 

1,391 

41 
170 

4,444 
110 

247 

115 

2,147 

1,825 

637 
3,867 
1,777 
7,434 

1,834 

6,147 

3,450 

8,428 

7 

1,254 

14,838 

103 

2,125 

5,590 

98 

208 

45 

1,007 

372 

36 

246 

1,793 

932 

67 

526 

1,458 

51 

181 

5,873 

397 

271 

148 

2,147 

2,910 

3,769 

6,619 

2,876 

15.538 

614 

938 

46.101 

673 

2,234 

5,305 

526 

695 

122 

6,907 

725 

444 

1,228 

8,306 

7,003 

231 

1.254 

7,804 

1,262 

1,382 

41,372 

912 

3,643 

3,578 

10,000 

23,239 

1,359 

15,277 

6,594 

9.208 

3 

131 

11,636 

449 

7,470 

124 

307 

742 

37 

512 

281 

56 

1 

5,128 
21,896 

9,470 

Personal  and  domestic  service  workers . . 

24,746 
617 

56 

2,606. 

30 

1,933 

7 

16 

130 

7 

64 
78 

1,069 

57,837 

Food  and  kindred  products  (inc. 

1,122 

9,704 

5,429 

833 

Leather  and  leather  products 

Stone,  clay  and  glass  products 

1,437 

159 

7,419 

Electrical. 

1,006 
500 

1,229 

2 
17 

8,306 

Transportation  (except  seamen) 

62 

8 

854 

586 

192 

55 

9,145 

1,559 

192 

372 

3 

7,019 

7,065 
239 

Trade  and  service 

234 
67 
10 
11 

1,429 

287 
24 
33 

2,108 

Other  skilled  and  semiskilled 

Foremen 

8,390 
1,454 

Apprentices 

1,437 

50,517 

2,471 

3,835 
3,950 

10,003 

1,085 

30,258 

GEAND  TOTAL         

34,025 

17,806 

41,831 

117,827 

53,453 

171,280 

(i)  Preliminary — subject  to  revision. 

(2)  Current  vacancies  only.    Deferred  vacancies  are  excluded. 


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TABLE  D-5. 


APPLICATIONS  RECEIVED  AND  PLACEMENTS  EFFECTED  BY 
EMPLOYMENT  OFFICES 


(Source:  Form  U.I.C.  751) 
1943—1953 


Applications 

Placements 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Male 

Female 

Total 

1943 

1,681,411 
1,583,010 
1,855,036 
1,464,533 
1,189,646 
1,197,295 
1,295,690 
1,500,763 
1,541,208 
1,781,689 
1,347,218 

1,008,211 
902,273 
661,948 
494,164 
439,577 
459,332 
494,956 
575,813 
623,467 
664,485 
541,596 

2,689,622 
2,485,283 
1,516,984 
1,958,697 
1,629,223 
1,656,627 
1,790,646 
2,076,576 
2,164,675 
2,446,174 
1,888,814 

1,239,900 
1,101,854 
1,095,641 
624,052 
5,49376 
497,916 
464,363 
559,882 
655,933 
677,777 
527,432 

704,126 
638,063 
397,940 
235,360 
220,473 
214,424 
219,816 
230,920 
262,305 
302,730 
257,600 

1,944,026 

1944 

1,739,917 

1945...           

1,493,581 

1946 

859,412 

1947 

769,849 

1948 

712,340 

1949 

684,179 

1950 

790,802 

1951 

918,238 

1952 

980,507 

1953  (9  months) 

785,032 

1853 


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E — Unemployment  Insurance 


TABLE  E-l.— PERSONS  RECEIVING  BENEFIT,  NUMBER  OF  DAYS  BENEFIT  PAID, 

AND  AMOUNT  PAID 

Source:   Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Province 


Number 
Receiving 
Benefit 
in  Last 
Week  of 
the  Month* 


Month  of  September,  1953 


Number 

Commencing 

Benefit 


Days  Benefit 
Paid  (Disability 
days   in  Brackets) 


Amount  of 

Benefit 

Paid 


Newfoundland 

Prince  Edward  Island 

Nova  Scotia 

New  Brunswick 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Manitoba 

Saskatchewan 

Alberta 

British  Columbia 

Total,  Canada,  Sept.,  1953 

Total,  Canada,  Aug.,  1953 

Total,  Canada,  Sept.,  1952 

*  Week  containing  last  day  of  the  month 


1,374 
375 

6,639 

4,573 
32,053 
28,967 

3,519 
982 

3,250 
10,803 


762 

172 

2,469 

2,090 

20,993 

19,625 

1,249 

403 

1,523 

6,516 


42,227 

11,099 

140,675 

103,792 

845,902 

652,030 

86,040 

24,615 

72,051 

252,271 


(253) 

(39) 

(1.141) 

(1,085) 

(7,735) 

(6,889) 

(1,088) 

(410) 

(843) 

(3,344) 


92,535 


55,802 


2,230,702     (22,827) 


87,367 


49,268 


2,138,224       (6,452) 


74,309 


43,167 


1,933,547 


137,897 

31,013 

451,496 

321,763 

2,455,236 

2,010,344 

240, 124 

69,127 

226,374 

796,053 


6,739,427 


,827 


1858 


TABLE  E-2.— ORDINARY  CLAIMANTS  ON  THE  LIVE  UNEMPLOYMENT  REGISTER 

AT  SEPTEMBER  30,  1953,  BY  DURATION  ON  THE  REGISTER,  SEX  AND  PROVINCE, 

AND  SHOWING  NUMBER  OF  DISABILITY  CASES  (•)  INCLUDED  IN  TOTAL 

Source:    Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S 


Province  and  Sex 


Newfoundland 

Male 

Female 

Prince  Edward  Island 

Male 

Female 

Nova  Scotia 

Male 

Female 

New  Brunswick. 

Male 

Female 

Quebec 

Male 

Female 

Ontario 

Male 

Female . .' 

Manitoba 

Male 

Female 

Saskatchewan 

Male 

Female 

Alberta 

Male 

Female 

British  Columbia.  .  .  . 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Male 

Female 


Total 


2,431 

2,184 

247 


7,950 
6,766 
1,184 

6,190 
5,119 
1,071 


2,338 
2,161 


1,235 
647 


3,244 
2,020 
1,224 

14,896 
11,169 
3,727 


119,381 
85,089 
34,292 


615  (3) 
442  (1) 
173     (2) 


(49) 

(40) 

(9) 

(52) 
(42) 
(10) 


42,348  (396) 

28,970  (253) 

13,378  (143) 

35,973  (332) 

25,434  (242) 

10,539  (90) 


(40) 
(21) 
(19) 

(15) 

03) 

(2) 

(30 } 
(29) 
(1) 

(110) 
(85) 
(25) 


(1.031) 
(730) 
(301) 


6  days 
and 
under 


486 

450 
36 

127 


1,812 

1,578 

234 

1,432 

1,199 

233 

10,450 
7,691 
2,759 

11,210 
8,433 
2,777 


'584 
612 

231 
109 
122 

821 
462 
359 

4,929 
3,960 


7-12 

days 


32,694 

24,556 

8,138 


168 
158 
10 

63 

56 
7 

770 
116 


573 
95 

4,587 
3,325 
1,262 

3,719 
2,674 
1,045 

342 
168 
174 

121 

58 
63 

299 
171 
128 

1,543 

1,194 
349 


12,280 
9.031 
3,249 


13-24 
days 


353 
319 
34 


1,061 


941 
825 
116 

6,443 
4,654 
1,789 

4,253 
3,033 
1,220 

494 
243 
251 

170 
82 


516 
334 

182 

1,962 

1,445 

517 


16,257 
11,878 
4,379 


25-48 
days 


541 

477 
64 

109 
74 
35 

1,486 

1,249 

237 

1,168 
981 

187 

7,097 
4,766 
2,331 

5,688 
3,905 
1,783 

675 
312 
363 

220 
103 
117 

490 
286 
204 


19,737 
13,764 
5,973 


49-72 
days 


427 

406 

21 

104 


805 
676 
129 

682 
569 
113 

4,638 
2,945 
1,693 

3,022 
1,919 
1,103 

440 
210 
230 

142 
64 

78 

319 
194 
125 

1,144 
766 
378 


11,723 
7,815 
3,908 


73   days 
and 
over 


456 
374 

82 

148 
102 
46 

2,016 

1,720 

296 

1,299 
972 
327 

9,133 
5,589 
3,544 

8,081 
5,470 
2,611 

1,352 
821 
531 

351 
231 
120 


573 
226 

3,055 

2,193 

862 


26,690 
18,045 
8,645 


Total 

Sept.  30 

1952 


1,571 

1,436 

135 

398 
281 
117 

5,544 

4,677 

867 

5,188 

4,250 

938 

30,590 
18,912 
11,678 

27,039 
17,373 


4,084 
2,250 
1,834 

1,135 
582 
553 

2,370 

1,482 
888 

14,708 
11,081 
3,627 


92,627 
62,324 
30,303 


*  These  data  are  shown  in  brackets  and  include  short-time  and  temporary  lay-off  claimants. 


$1725— 10 


1859 


TABLE  E-3.— INITIAL  AND   RENEWAL  CLAIMS  FOR  BENEFIT  BY  PROVINCES 

SEPTEMBER,  1953 

Source:     Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Claims  filed  at  Local  Offices 

Disposal  of  Claims  (including  claims 
pending  from  previous  months) 

Province 

Total 

Initial 

Renewal 

Total 

Disposed 

of 

Entitled 

to 
Benefit 

Not  En- 
titled to 
Benefit 

Pending 

1,147 
306 

4,995 

3,613 
28,805 
29,189 

2,463 
675 

2,541 
11,889 

821 
207 
2,737 
2,175 
17,078 
16,993 
1,590 
474 
1,577 
6,126 

326 

99 

2, 258 

1,438 

11,727 

12,196 

873 

201 

964 

5,763 

1,241 
309 

4,740 

3,460 
29,403 
28,696 

2,380 
641 

2,366 
10,949 

859 

213 

3,805 

2,736 

22, 463 

22,843 

1,686 

421 

1,755 

8,200 

382 

96 

935 

724 

6,940 

5,853 

694 

220 

611 

2,749 

373 
50 

1,278 
820 

Quebec 

6,839 

6,960 

384 

145 

Alberta 

552 
3,043 

Total  Canada,  September,  1953 

85,623* 

49, 778 

35,845 

84,1851 

64,981 

19,204 

20,444 

Total  Canada  August,  1953 

74.052 

44,689 

29,363 

74,  262 

53,163 

21,099 

19,006 

Total  Canada.  September,  1952  

64,703 

36,720 

27,983 

63,062 

48,920 

14,142 

15,255 

*  In  addition,  revised  claims  received  numbered  11,863.  t  In  addition,  12,018  revised  claims  were  disposed  of. 
Of  these,  882  were  special  requests  not  granted,  and  720  were  appeals  by  claimants.  There  were  1,384  revised  claims 
pending  at  the  end  of  the  month. 


TABLE  E-4.— CLAIMANTS  NOT  ENTITLED  TO  BENEFIT,  WITH  CHIEF  REASONS  FOR 

NON-ENTITLEMENT 

Source:    Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


Chief  Reasons  for  Non-Entitlement 


Benefit  year  not  established 

Claimants  Disqualified* 

Not  unemployed 

Not  capable  of  and  not  available  for  work .    

Loss  of  work  due  to  a  labour  dispute 

Refused  offer  of  work  and  neglected  opportunity  to  work 

Discharged  for  misconduct 

Voluntarily  left  employment  without  just  cause 

Failure  to  fulfill  additional  conditions  imposed  upon  certain  married  women 

Other  reasonst 

Total      


Month   of 

September. 

1953 


7,443 

4,640 

1,505 

446 

858 

738 

4,891 

1,169 

1,811 


23,501 


Month  of 

August, 

1953 


7,179 

9,754 

1.555 

■78 

996 

646 

4.285 

1,009 

1,311 


26,813 


Month  of 

September, 

1952 


5,527 

2,048 
1,761 

903 
1,356 

551 
4,476 
1,021 
1,108 


18,751 


*  Data  for  September,  1953,  include  4,297  on  revised  claims. 

t  These  include:    Claims  not  made  in  prescribed  manner:  failure  to  carry  out  written  directions:  claimants  being 
inmates  of  prisons,  etc. 


TABLE  E-5.— ESTIMATES  OF  THE  INSURED  POPULATION   UNDER  THE 
UNEMPLOYMENT  INSURANCE  ACT 

Source:    Report  on  Operation  of  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act,  D.B.S. 


At  Beginning  of  Month 

Total 

Employed 

Claimants* 

1953— August 

3,190,000 
3,185,000 
3,153,000 
3,166,000 
3.278.000 
3.2^0,000 
3.2S3.000 
3.286,000 

3,241,000 
3,186,000 
3,171,000 
3,151,000 
3.132,000 

3,079,100 
3,065,200 
3,009,900 
2,950,800 
2,917,900 
2,916.800 
2,928,300 
3,007,400 

:-!,079,100 
3,074,500 
3,078,400 
3,049,000 
3,019,400 

110,900 

July 

119.800 

June 

143,100 

May 

215,200 

360, lOOt 

363, 200 t 

February 

354,700t 

January 

278,600t 

1952— December 

161,900 

November 

111,500 

October 

92,600 

September 

102,000 

112.600 

*  Ordinary  claimants  on  the  live  unemployment  register  on  the  last  working  day  of  the  preceding  month. 
t  Include*  supplementary  benefit  claimants. 


1860 


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1861 


F — Prices 


TABLE  F-l.— TOTAL  AND  MAIN  COMPONENTS  OF  THE  CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEX 
FROM  JANUARY  1949  TO  NOVEMBER  1953 

(1949  =   100-0) 
Calculated  by  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


1949— January.  .  . 
February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August.  . . . 
September 
October . . . 
November 
December. 

Year 

1950— January.  .  . 
February.. 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 
September 
October . . . 
November 
December. 

Year 

1951 — January  .  .  . 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 
September 
October .  . . 
November 
December. 

Year 

1952 — January  .  .  . 
February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August. . . . 
September 
October .  . . 
November 
December. 

1953 — January .  . . 
February.. 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 
September 
October . . . 
November 


Total 


!)() 


1(10 
1(10 
100 
100 
101 
100 

100 

100 
100 
100 
101 
101 
101 
102 
103 
101 
105 
108 
100 

102 

107 
109 

110 

111 

112 
113 
111 
115 
116 
117 
117 
118 

113 

118 
117 
110 
110 
115 
110 
116 
no 

110 
110 
110 
115 

115 

115 
114 
114 
114 
114 
115 
115 
110 
110 
110 


Food 


102 


Shelter 


Clothing 


99-2 

99- 

99-3 

99- 

99-2 

100- 

99-6 

100- 

99-7 

100- 

99-7 

100- 

100-3 

100- 

100-2 

100- 

100-5 

100- 

100-5 

99- 

100-5 

99- 

101-0 

99- 

100-0 

100- 

101-1 

99- 

101-1 

99- 

104-7 

98- 

104-9 

99- 

105-1 

99- 

105-9 

99- 

107-4 

99- 

107-8 

99- 

108-7 

99- 

109-0 

100- 

109-5 

101- 

109-6 

101- 

106-2 

99- 

1100 

102- 

110-4 

105- 

111-5 

106- 

111-8 

108- 

112-4 

109- 

115-2 

109- 

115-5 

109- 

114-8 

110- 

117-2 

111- 

117-2 

114- 

118-2 

114- 

118-2 

115- 

114-4 

109- 

118-3 

114- 

118-3 

113- 

119-1 

112- 

119-4 

112- 

119-6 

112- 

120-4 

Ill- 

120-6 

Ill- 

120-6 

Hi- 

121-2 

no- 

121-5 

109- 

121-4 

109- 

122-2 

109- 

122-3 

109- 

122-5 

109- 

122-5 

109- 

122-7 

109- 

122-9 

110- 

123-6 

110- 

123-9 

110- 

124-1 

110- 

124-2 

110- 

124-5 

110- 

125-0 

110- 

Household 
Operation 


Other 
Commo- 
dities and 
Services 


1862 


TABLE  F-2.— CONSUMER  PRICE  INDEXES  FOR  REGIONAL  CITIES  OF  CANADA 
AT   THE   BEGINNING    OF    OCTOBER,   1953 

(1949  =  100) 
Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


Total 

Food 

Shelter 

Clothing 

House- 
hold 
Operation 

Other 
Commo- 

Oct. 1st, 
1952 

Sept.  1st, 
1953 

Oct.  1st, 
1953 

dities  and 
Services 

St.  John's,  Nfld.  p) 

103-0 
113-1 
115-3 
115-8 
114-5 
116-2 
114-3 
111-7 
113-5 
115-6 

102-8 
113-8 
116-1 
116-5 
115-5 
117-6 
114-7 
113-8 
115-1 
116-2 

102-8 
114-0 
116-1 
117-4 
116-4 
118-4 
115-0 
114-3 
115-3 
116-7 

101-4 
108-6 
113-1 
117-4 
115-5 
114-1 
112-8 
114-6 
113-6 
112-7 

107-3 
118-7 
116-3 
131-2 
124-2 
136-0 
119-4 
111-5 
118-3 
123-2 

101-9 
116-4 
119-7 
110-9 
113-6 
113-1 
116-2 
116-3 
114-3 
112-6 

104-4 
119-0 
117-2 
116-5 
115-7 
117-6 
113-5 
117-7 
115-2 
123-2 

101-5 

115-4 

119-3 

115-1 

116-8 

116-9 

116*2 

110-8 

117-1 

117-5 

N.B  — Indexes  above  measure  percentage  changes  in  prices  over  time  in  each  city,  and  should  not  be  used  to 
actual  levels  of  prices  as  between  cities. 

0)  St.  John's  Index  on  the  base— June,  1951  =  100. 


compare 


TABLE  F-3.— INDEX  NUMBERS  OF  STAPLE  FOOD  ITEMS 

(Base:  1949=100) 
Dominion  Average  Retail  Price  Relatives  with  Dominion  Averages  of  Retail  Prices  for  Latest  Month 
Source:  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 


"Commodities 


Beef,  sirloin  steak 

Beef,  round  steak 

Beef,  blade 

Beef,  stewing,  boneless 

Lamb,  leg  roast 

Pork,  fresh  loin,  centre  cut 

Pork,  fresh  shoulders,  hock  off 

Bacon,  side,  fancy,  sliced,  rind  off . . 

Lard,  pure,  package 

Shortening,  package 

Eggs,  grade  "A"  large,  carton 

Milk 

Butter,  creamery,  prints 

Cheese,  plain,  mild,  %  lb 

Bread,  plain,  white,  wrapped,  sliced 

Flour,  all  purpose 

Corn  Flakes,  8  oz 

Tomatoes,  canned  25's 

Peas,  20  oz 

Corn,  cream,  choice,  20  oz 

Onions,  cooking 

Potatoes,  No.  1,  table 

Raisins,  seedless,  bulk  or  in  bag.  .  . . 
Oranges,  California 

Jam,  strawberry,  16  oz 

Peaches,  15  oz 

Sugar,  granulated,  bulk  or  in  bag.  .  . 

Coffee,  medium,  quality  in  bag 

Tea,  black,  \  lb 


Per 


lb. 
lb. 
lb. 
lb. 
lb. 
lb. 

lb. 
h  lb. 
lb. 
lb. 
doz. 
qt. 

lb. 

pkg. 

lb. 

lb. 

P.kg. 

tin 

tin 
tin 
lb. 

10  lbs. 
lb. 
doz. 

jar 
tin 
lb. 
lb. 
Pkg. 


Oct. 
1949 


100-5 
100-5 

99-3 
100-4 

96-1 
104-7 

101-6 
101-3 
99-9 
95-8 
117-0 
100-4 

97-1 
99-2 
102-2 
104-7 
100-1 
95-0 

99-9 

98-2 
106-7 

96-3 
100-8 

91-7 

99-5 
99-2 
1000 
100-0 
100-3 


Oct. 

1950 


128-1 
128-2 
131-3 
133-0 
112-0 
103-7 

110-5 
94-0 
117-0 
103-4 
110-5 
106-1 

91-6 
100-9 
109-4 
104-7 
105-7 

86-7 

99-2 
89-9 
86-5 
81-8 
105-2 
111-6 

110-5 

99-0 
125-6 
157-3 
102-5 


Oct. 
1951 


151-6 
151-0 
159-0 
164-9 
133-6 
125-4 

116-5 
102-9 
119-1 
110-6 
133-6 
110-6 

105-7 
114-8 
119-7 
107-6 
116-9 
123-0 

112-2 
97-0 
102-9 
100-8 
141-7 
112-3 

114-9 
10G-0 
134-1 
165-3 
105-1 


Oct. 

1952 


123-1 
1^2-8 
119-7 
129-3 
113-7 
102-3 

101-7 
73-9 
62-2 
87-7 
114-8 
118-5 

97-8 
114-4 
118-7 
104-7 
123-2 
135-6 

119-5 
103-6 
129-0 
157-3 
136-0 
105-1 

106-9 
102-6 
112-7 
161-1 
104-5 


1953 


113-8 
112-6 
100-9 
111-1 
114-0 
119-9 

112-4 
118-0 
103-1 
88-0 
130-7 
118-5 

97-2 
111-7 
124-8 
111-9 
123-2 
119-6 

120-1 
95-2 

104-6 
93-6 

136-0 
89-5 

105-6 
96-8 
106-2 
165-7 
97-3 


Oct. 
1953 


112-2 
110-0 
100-3 
109-4 
104-7 
121-6 

111-8 
127-2 
115-5 
88-6 
134-3 
118-5 

100-8 
111-7 
124-8 
111-9 
123-2 
116-6 

120-1 
94-7 
92-4 
89-3 

136-0 
93-7 

105-6 
96-8 
106-2 
166-8 
97-3 


Price 
Oct. 

1953 


79-0 
73-7 
48-5 
51-0 
75-4 
77-6 

54-2 
53-9 
27-1 
28-6 
82-6 
21-1 


31-1 
24- 0 
33-0 

24-5 
20-0 
9-8 
103-8 
47-7 


*  Descriptions  and  Units  of  Sale  apply  to  October,  1953  Prices. 

Note— The  above  price  averages  and  price  relatives  on  the  base  1949  =  100  pertain  to  chain  and  independent  stores 
while  previously-published  price  averages  and  price  relatives  on  tb.3  base  August.  1949  =  100  pertain  to  independent 
stores  only.  The  above  figures  are  hot  strictly  comparable  to  those  published  previously  in  this  table. 


1863 


81725—11 


TABLE  F-4.— RETAIL  PRICES  OF  STAPLE 

Source:  Dominion 


Locality 


Beef 

Pork 

<»  c  a 

■•of 

gsr 

S  cq  a 
PQ 

c3 

B— " 

SO 

c3 

o  a 

73 

> 

o 

£2 

PQ 

I 

g 

in 

o  a 

02 

u 

£?  . 

pC-* 

ss  a 

w 

2 
a 
8  - 

-a 

.S  o 

S  «  a 

£  ° 
J*   • 

III 
c  tn  a 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

cts. 

103-0 

a 

68-8 

a 
51-3 

63-7 

82-2 

74-3 

e 
51-9 

77-2 

70-8 

a 
54-3 

a 
49-0 

45-8 

74-2 

59-8 

46-4 

•    83-1 

73-4 

a 

47-7 

48-5 

45-0 

79-2 

c 

55-5 

58-7 

77-2 

71-1 

52-4 

56-2 

51-5 

78-0 

59-2 

50-8 

74-6 

66-9 

49-0 

46-3 

41-1 

77-2 

56-2 

53-7 

81-6 

73-8 

53-5 

52-5 

47-1 

79-2 

55-6 

55-9 

95-0 

92-2 

62-4 

50-2 

50-7 

74-8 

68-8 

44-8 

72-9 

72-6 

48-7 

49-5 

41-5 

76-1 

55-8 

52-6 

91-0 

85-8 

49-9 

52-8 

42-3 

75-4 

55-2 

53-0 

87-1 

80-9 

43-3 

42-9 

47-7 

66-4 

54-3 

49-1 

82-9 

77-4 

51-5 

54-2 

40-1 

73-6 

57-0 

50-5 

87-0 

78-1 

56-0 

45-9 

45-0 

68-6 

49-3 

51-2 

91-8 

81-3 

43-9 

42-3 

40-3 

71-9 

55-4 

50-1 

74-9 

71-4 

55-9 

52-8 

41-9 

79-2 

55-6 

55-8 

74-3 

71-5 

44-1 

49-6 

39-9 

75-0 

55-8 

53-3 

75-6 

73-4 

50-5 

54-6 

46-9 

75-8 

53-6 

80-7 
75-5 

75-1 
72-0 

51-5 
a 
50-5 

53-7 
48-2 

43-7 
'40-7 

83-1 

78-7 

49-6 
d 
61-8 

56-2 
56-8 

76-9 

73-9 

47-7 

49-2 

43-4 

77-9 

52-4 

55-6 

71-0 

67-7 

48-2 

47-3 

43-3 

77-0 

49-5 

53-4 

73-6 

73-6 

45-5 

47-7 

42-0 

77-1 

46-1 

53-7 

75-9 

70-G 

49-4 

51-1 

37-2 

79-1 

52-1 

55-7 

76-1 
70-5 

73-8 
68-7 

50-9 
a 
49-3 

57-1 
50-2 

51-0 
40-9 

78-7 
72-7 

63-1 
d 
57-3 

53-4 
50-9 

81-2 
73-0 

77-2 
69-1 

54-2 
a 

48-1 

50-8 
54-6 

42-9 
43-3 

78-9 
79-6 

49-7 
d 
54-0 

55-2 

55-7 

76-6 

70-5 

52-5 

51-5 

46-5 

74-1 

d 
59-3 

52-6 

75-7 

74-1 

68-9 
72-3 

a 

52-0 
a 

53-9 

53-6 
59-6 

42-9 
46-7 

71-3 
67-0 

561 
d 
58-5 

49-2 
48-6 

75-7 

69-3 

60-7 

55,3 

41.0 

68-4 

d 
59-0 

46-2 

72-4 

67-9 

46-3 

52-5 

45-0 

63-6 

49-7 

46-6 

85-0 

77-5 

a 
60-0 

60-0 

46-7 

750 

68-3 

49-9 

84-5 

78-2 

59-2 

63-2 

70-7 

63-3 
d 
64-4 

45-8 

89-6 

78-2 

59-1 

56-9 

48-2 

81-0 

49-7 

91-6 

81-2 

59-5 

58-7 

53-2 

81-8 

59-5 

49-4 

Newfoundland 

1 — St.  John's.. 


P.E.I.— 

2— Charlottetown . 


Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax. 


4 — Sydney. 


New  Brunswick- 

5 — Moncton 


6— Saint  John. 


Quebec— 

7 — Chicoutimi. 


8-Hull 

9 — Montreal 

10— Quebec 

11 — Sherbrooke. . . 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers. 

Ontario— 

14 — Brantford 


15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William.... 

17 — Hamilton 

18 — Kirkland  Lake. . 

19 — London 

20— North  Bay 

21 — Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27— Winnipeg. 


Saskatchewan 

28— Regina... 


29 — Saskatoon . 


Alberta— 

30— Calgary. 


31— Edmonton. 


British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert. 


33— Trail 

34 — Vancouver. 
35 — Victoria. . . 


1864 


FOODS  AND  COAL  BY  CITIES,  OCTOBER,  1953 

Bureau  of  Statistics 


Locality 


Newfoundland- 

1  St.  John's.. 


P.E.I.— 

2 — Charlottetown . 


Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax.. 


4— Sydney. 


New  Brunswick 

5 — Moncton 


6— Saint  John. 


Quebec— 

7— Chicoutimi. 


8— Hull 

9— Montreal 

10 — Quebec 

11 — Sherbrooke... 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers. 

Ontario— 

14 — Brantford 


15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William 

17— Hamilton 

18 — Kirkland  Lake. . , 

19 — London 

20—  North  Bay 

21— Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27 — Winnipeg. 


Saskatchewan— 

28— Regina 


29 — Saskatoon. 


Alberta— 

30— Calgary. 


31— Edmonton. 


British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert. 


33— Trail 

34 — Vancouver. 
35 — Victoria. . . 


.^2 


68-8 
66-6 

66-4 
73-0 

100-0 


77-6 
76-9 
76-2 
89-3 
78-0 

76-8 


83-7 


79-8 
80-6 
76-3 
75-4 


76-3 
73-1 
72-2 

75-7 

78-0 
69-3 

76-9 
71-5 

90-7 
96-0 
77-4 
83-9 


is  § 


8-8 
9-0 


8-0 
8-0 
7-8 
8-0 
7-7 
7-9 

8-1 
8-0 
7-9 
8-2 
8-7 
7-9 
8-3 
7-8 
8-1 
8-3 
8-6 
7-9 
8-3 

7-7 


7-8 
7-9 

8-8 
7-9 
7-9 
8-0 


"2.  « 

m 


cts. 
12-7 


12-8 
14-0 

15-6 
13-3 

16-0 
12-7 
12-7 
12-5 
13-1 
12-7 
11 '7 

12-7 
12-7 
14-0 
12-7 
12-0 
12-7 
13-0 
12-7 
12-7 
13-3 
13-3 
12-7 
12-7 

15-0 

14-4 
13-6 

14-4 
14-4 

15-0 
17-0 
16-0 
16-0 


c  o 
O 


cts. 
20-8 

19-2 

18-4 
19-4 

18-5 
18-9 

19-3 
17-5 
17-3 
17-9 
17-4 
17-8 
17-4 

17-5 
18-2 
19-0 
17-6 
18-9 
17-4 
19-4 
17-4 
17-5 
19-3 
18-4 
17-4 
17-9 

17-7 

18-6 
17-7 

18-2 
17-9 

18-6 
18-3 
17-7 
18-0 


M^j 


cts. 

11-1 

10-3 

9-4 
10-5 

10-0 
9-9 

10-1 
9-7 
9-4 
9-5 
9-3 
9-5 
9-9 

9-8 
10-0 
10-4 

9-9 
11-2 

9-9 
11-2 

9-7 

9-9 
10-7 
11-0 

9-4 

9-9 

11-5 

12-7 
13-9 

11-8 
11-6 

11-1 

11-7 
9-6 


cts. 
59-6 

52-4 

50-6 
49-6 

52-0 
49-1 

55-3 
47-9 
50-1 
61-1 
51-3 
46-9 
50-7 

44-6 

46-7 

52-8 

46-0 

53-0 

45-2 

49-2 

45-8 

48-7 

49-4 

49-0 

44-1 

48-2 

t 
67-6 

t 

64-8 
t 

61-7 

t 

60-0 
t 

63-6 

t 

62-8 
t 

63-3 
t 

56-9 
t 

58-4 


03   O. 


cts. 

f 


75-3 


82-7 


"84-4 


83-0 
86-9 

85-7 

88-3 

I 
85-4 

=76-4 
I 
85-1 

=84-6 


82-0 


85-2 
89-2 
82-5 


85- 


77-2 

74-6 
I 

732- 

'78-4 
I 
75-6 

80-9 


82-7 
=74-2 


e 


78-9 


cts. 
h 
32-0 


17-0 

20-5 
22-0 

20-0 
21-0 

20-0 
22-0 
20-0 
20-0 
20-0 
19-0 
19-0 

21-0 
20-0 
23-0 
22-0 
25-0 
21-0 
22-0 
21-0 
21-8 
23-0 
23-0 
22-0 
22-0 

20-0 

19-0 
20-5 

21-0 
20-0 

31-0 
25-0 
21-8 
24-0 


■sg 


cts. 
75-5 

65-9 


65-4 
67-2 

61-6 
63-8 
63-8 
63-7 
61-8 
62-3 
62-1 

65-2 
62-5 
66-1 
65-5 
65-4 
66-0 
67-0 
65-1 
65-4 
66-3 
64-8 
65-4 
66-7 

65-5 

64-0 


66-0 
66-9 

66-8 
64-2 
67-9 
68-1 


81725—11* 


1865 


TABLE  F-4.— RETAIL  PRICES  OF  STAPLE 

Source:  Dominion 


Locality 


«o  " 

a>  o  <- 

0)  s-<  <d 

J  a  a 

O 


Mi: 

CSr-H 


T3  = 

03— ' 


a>    ■ 


o  c   ' 

ess 


3-S    = 


Canned  Vegetables 


Newfoundland- 

1— St.  John's. 


P.E.I.- 

2— Charlottetown . 


Noval  Scotia- 

3— Halifax. 


4— Sydney. 


New  Brunswick— 

5 — Moncton 


6— Saint  John. 


Quebec— 

7 — Chicoutimi. 


8— Hull 

9— Montreal 

10— Quebec 

11— Sherbrooke. .. 

12— Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers. 

Ontario— 

14— Brantford 


15 — Cornwall 

16— Fort  William... 

17— Hamilton 

18— Kirkland  Lake. 

19— London 

20— North  Bay 

21 — Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Marie 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27— Winnipeg. 


Saskatchewan- 

28— Regina.... 


29 — Saskatoon . 


Alberta— 

30— Calgary. 


31 — Edmonton. 


British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert. 


33— Trail 

34 — Vancouver. 
35— Victoria... 


cts. 
36-0 

37-0 

35-1 
36-7 

34-7 
35-7 

36-3 
32-6 
33-7 
34-3 
34-4 
33-3 
34-2 

32-3 
33-7 
35-1 
33-7 
33-4 
32-6 
35-0 
33-1 
33-4 
34-8 
33-8 
32-9 
33-9 

34-3 

35-2 
34-1 

33-2 
34-3 

37-0 
36-5 
35-1 
35-6 


cts. 
330 


39-5 
37-6 

38-1 
39-1 


39-5 
38-4 
39-8 
39-4 
39-0 
39-0 
39-8 
39-9 
39-3 
39-8 
38-2 
39-3 
39-5 

41-2 

40-8 
40-4 

40-5 
41-7 

40-4 
39-8 
39-8 
39-6 


27-8 

26-8 
26-1 

27-3 
29-2 

24-9 
260 
26-4 
27-9 
250 
27-0 
22-2 

27-0 
26-1 
28-5 
28-4 
30-4 
28-3 
27-0 
28-5 
27-6 
30-2 
27-2 
29-3 
28-6 

27-6 

25-1 
25-3 

23-3 
25-5 

25-9 
27-5 
26-1 
27-6 


cts. 
34-4 

30-2 

29-4 
29-2 

30-3 
29-2 

34-4 
28-6 
29-2 
30-0 
30-4 
29-4 
28-7 

28-5 
28-4 
29-9 
29-3 
31-4 
28-6 
29-2 
28-9 
29-6 
30-1 
29-0 
29-2 
29-6 

28-5 

30-6 

28-8 

30-4 
31-4 

330 
31-7 
28-4 
29-8 


28-4 

24-9 
26-1 

25-8 
25-6 

27-1 
25-3 
25-8 
26-1 
24-8 
26-1 
25-2 

24-6 
25-4 
24-4 
24-0 
26-4 
25-5 
32-8 
24-0 
25-2 
26-3 
25-8 
23-9 
25-4 

24-7 

25-5 
24-8 

24-4 
24-4 

26-5 


23-9 
23-0 


cts. 
s 
49-2 


19-3 

20-1 

18-1 

21-1 

20-4 

23-1 

18-5 

22-1 

17-5 

20-8 

18-8 

24-0 

17-3 

20-2 

17-4 

19-7 

17-9 

20-4 

17-4 

20-2 

17-5 

22-7 

18-3 

22-3 

17-4 

21-0 

16-9 

19-9 

19-4 

20-8 

18-1 

20-5 

19-8 

22-1 

18-0 

19-7 

18-4 

17-8 

200 

17-8 

21-3 

17-7 

18-8 

18-1 

20-2 

19-3 

21-3 

18-2 

22-2 

195 

23-7 

19-5 

23-1 

18-7 

22-3 

18-4 

21-6 

21-7 

24-1 

21-4 

24-4 

ISO 

22-0 

17-2 

20-3 

cts. 
31-5 


27-2 
26-2 

25-2 
23-8 

241 
20-6 
19-4 
22-4 
20-6 
20-1 
20-3 

24-5 
21-9 
24-6 
24-1 
24-3 
24-6 
23-5 
23-6 
220 
24-2 
22-7 
23-2 
22-5 

25-6 

27-3 
27-1 

29-6 
28-5 

30-S 
30-4 
28-4 
29-0 


cts. 

25-5 

22-4 

23-9 

23-0 

23-8 

23-6 

23-2 

20-7 

21-6 

21-1 

21-6 

19-6 

21-0 

21-0 

19-6 

22-3 

21-7 

21-4 

22-7 

20-8 

22-1 

22-5 

22-5 

21-1 

m 
16-8 

m 
18-3 

22-7 

23-1 

21-5 

22-3 

m 
20-9 

m 
20-7 

m 

15-7 

m 
18-8 

Above  food  prices  are  simple  averages  of  prices  reported.      They  are  not  perfectly  comparable  in  all  cases  with  price 
averages  for  earlier  years.       Changes  in  grading,  trade  practices,  etc.,  occur  from  time  to  time.  (a)  Including  ruts 

with  bone-in.         (c)  Including  cuts  with  hock-on.         (d)  Including  butts.         (e)  Local.         (f)  Imported.  (g)  Bused 

1866 


FOODS  AND  COAL  BY  CITIES,  OCTOBER,  1953 

Bureau  of  Statistics 


Locality 


Newfoundland- 

1— St.  John's. 


P.E.I.— 

2 — Charlottetown . 


Nova  Scotia— 

3— Halifax.. 


4— Sydney. 


New  Brunswick- 

5 — Moncton. . . . 


6— Saint  John. 

Quebec— 

7 — Chicoutimi 


8- Hull 

9 — Montreal 

10— Quebec 

11 — Sherbrooke. . . 

12-Sorel 

13— Three  Rivers. 

Ontario— 

14— Brantford 


15— Cornwall 

16— Fort  Willi  am... 

17 — Hamilton 

18— Kirkland  Lake. 

19 — London 

20- North  Bay 

21— Oshawa 

22— Ottawa 

23— Sault  Ste.  Mari< 

24— Sudbury 

25— Toronto 

26— Windsor 


Manitoba— 

27 — Winnipeg. 


Saskatchewan- 

28— Regina... 


29— Saskatoon. 


Alberta— 

30— Calgary. 


31— Edmonton. 


British  Columbia— 

32— Prince  Rupert. 


33— Trail 

34 — Vancouver. 
35— Victoria 


cts. 
43-5 

37-8 

34-8 
36-3 

35-1 
37-2 

36-3 
30-3 
34-2 
33-0 
33-3 
36-0 
32-4 

32-4 
31-5 
36-9 
34-2 
36-0 
32-1 
32-4 
32-4 
30-3 
33-9 
34-2 
27-9 
32-4 

36-9 

36-3' 
39-0 

35-4 
37-2 

39-3 
33-6 
30-3 
31-2 


3  a 
pq 


Pu 


cts. 
32-6 

23-3 

21-4 
25-7 

22-2 
21-7 

18-6 
190 
17-7 
18-1 
17-8 
18-1 
18-4 

18-8 
19-0 
20-0 
19-2 
19-6 
19-1 
20-3 
19-4 
18-9 
20-0 
19-2 
19-0 
19<0 

19-9' 

22-3 
22-1 

23-4 
23-3 

25-1 
25-3 
19-9 
20-4 


cts. 

44-7 

24-7 

27-9 

28-2 

23-6 
22-3 

32-9 
29-3 
27-6 
26-3 
25-2 
28-3 
26-6 

30-6 
29-2 
37-4 
33-3 
38-2 
31-3 
30-2 
29-1 
30-7 
39-0 
32-8 
30-3 
29-0 

25-0 

44-1 
48-0 

42-8 
47-5 

43-1 
46-0 
34-8 
34-6 


J2 
_   >i 

J§ 
c  « 
O 

03 

"3 

a 

!» 

»l 

Cm 

cts. 

cts. 

10-4 

34-2 

8-3 

28-3 

5-6 

28-8 

6-7 

29-6 

5-7 

29-3 

6-9 

30-1 

10-8 

31-7 

9-3 

27-8 

9-5 

29-4 

8-9 

28-4 

8-5 

29-6 

10-2 

26-7 

9-5 

27-7 

5-6 

300 

8-2 

29-0 

7-2 

26-7 

6-7 

28-8 

7-7 

29-8 

7-3 

28-5 

7-0 

6-2 

27-3 

8-5 

28-6 

8-8 

29-7 

7-6 

26-2 

6-2 

28-1 

6-5 

31-7 

6-1 

28-1 

91 

28-1 

10-5 

30-9 

8-1 

28-8 

9-9 

29-7 

8-7 

28-2 

8-8 

28-7 

8-0 

25-5 

8-3 

27-5 

J  a 

K 


a 


26-3 

i 

27-9 

23-9 
25-6 

25-6 
i 

26-4 

28-0 
n 

25-3 
n 

24-5 
n 

26-7 
n 

25-0 
n 

24-0 
n 

25-8 

a 
23-4 

B 

24-2 

n 
25-7 

23-7 

26-2 

22-8 

k 
23-2 

22-9 
i 

25-7 
i 

23-5 
k 

24-6 
i 

24-6 


26-9 

27-1 
27-0 


25-6 


26-5 

26-6 
i 

23-6 
i 

24-2 


cts. 

w 
61-8 


48-2 
47-9 


55-5 

52-8 
48-3 
50-5 
53-4 
52-4 
54-0 

51-5 
52-0 
50-9 
49-5 
55-2 
48-7 
52-7 
54-9 
50-4 
54-9 
50-6 
48-3 
49-0 

47-2 

48-4 
47-4 

47-9 
48-4 

50-4 
50-2 
47-2 
46-4 


e  >;  . 


03    ra    , 


Coal 


cts. 

V 

125-1 


115-3 

113-7 

v 
120-2 

111-1 

v 

115-2 

109-4 

110-8 

109-0 

111-0 

110-2 

110-1 

v 

110-9 

105-1 
108-3 
107-4 
106-2 
101-2 
105-8 
116-4 
104-4 
107-4 
107-1 
101-8 
103-8 
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101-9 

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105-6 
100-1 
100-5 
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26-62 
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29-75 
28-00 
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27-25 
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24-57 
26-00 


cts. 
22-75 

17-62 

19-50 
13-60 

18-75 
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21-15 

18-50 
18-00 


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22-90 
19-75 
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carton  and  loose.         (h)  Evaporated  milk,  17-0  t  per  16  oz.  tin.         (k)  Californian. 
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price. 


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1869 


G — Strikes  and  Lockouts 


TABLE  G-l.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  JANUARY-OCTOBER,  1952-1953J 


Date 


1953* 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

Cumulative  totals 


Number  of  Strikes 
and  Lockouts 


Com- 
mencing 
During 

Month 


14t 
11 
13 
14 

17 
16 

14 

6 

26 

21 


152 


In 
Existence 


Number  of  Workers 
Involved 


Com- 
mencing 
During 
Month 


2,136t 
2,448 
4,524 
2,790 
2,740 
4,809 
4,650 
4,408 
12,958 
5,455 


46,918 


In 
Existence 


2,136 
3,757 
5,450 
3,562 
4,748 
6,452 
7,396 
8,598 
16,445 
16,367 


Time  Loss 


In 

Man- 
Working 
Days 


31,050 
23,777 
33,018 
29,120 
36,127 
57,346 
73,486 
92,760 
126,131 
268,053 


Per  Cent 

of 

Estimated 

Working 

Time 


770,868 


0-04 
0-03 
0-04 
0-03 
0-04 
0-07 
0-09 
0-11 
0-15 
0-32 

0-09 


1952 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 

October 

Cumulative  totals 


13t 

12 

16 

22 

30 

28 

29 

20 

16 

18 


204 


5,374f 

12,394 

2,877 

8,418 

14,853 

44,704 

8,941 

8,166 

5,303 

6,183 


117,213 


5,374 
13,048 

5,186 
12,121 
23,360 
59,706 
56,263 
15,039 
15,144 
13,634 


71,145 
47,603 
65,272 
178,713 
248,575 
717,845 
888,243 
202,395 
201,870 
165,539 


2,787,200 


0-09 
0-06 
0-08 
0-21 
0-30 
0-87 
1-07 
0-24 
0-24 
0-20 

0-34 


*  Preliminary  figures. 

t  Strikes  unterminated  at  the  end  of  the  previous  year  are  included  in  these  totals. 

t  The  record  of  the  Department  includes  lockouts  as  well  as  strikes  but  a  lockout,  or  an  industrial 
condition  which  is  undoubtedly  a  lockout,  is  not  often  encountered.  In  the  statistical  table,  therefore, 
strikes  and  lockouts  are  recorded  together.  A  strike  or  lockout  included  as  such  in  the  records  of  the 
Department  is  a  cessation  of  work  involving  six  or  more  employees  and  lasting  at  least  one  working  day. 
Strikes  of  less  than  one  day's  duration  and  strikes  involving  less  than  six  employees  are  not  included 
in  the  published  record  unless  ten  days  or  more  time  loss  is  caused  but  a  separate  record  of  such  strikes 
is  maintained  in  the  Department  and  these  figures  are  given  in  the  annual  review.  The  records  include 
all  strikes  and  lockouts  which  come  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Department  and  the  methods  taken  to 
obtain  information  preclude  the  probability  of  omissions  of  strikes  of  importance.  Information  as  to  a 
strike  involving  a  small  number  of  employees  or  for  a  short  period  of  time  is  frequently  not  received 
until  some  time  after  its  commencement. 


1870 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  OCTOBER  1953   0) 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Establish- 
ments 


Workers 


TimeLoss 
in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Progress  Prior  to  October  1953 


Mining— 

Silver  and  lead  miners, 
Alice  Arm,  B.C. 


Gold  miners,  mill  and 
smelter  workers, 
Pamour,  South 
Porcupine  and 
Timmins,  Ont. 


Gold  and  copper  miners 
and  smelter  workers, 
Noranda,  Que. 


Gold  miners  and  mill 
workers, 

Schumacher,  Ont. 


Gold  and  silver  miners,  mi 
and  smelter  workers, 
Timmins,  Ont. 


Manufacturing— 

Rubber  and  Its  Products— 
Tire  and  rubber  factory 
workers, 

Toronto,  Ont. 


Boots  and  Shoes  (Leather) — 
Shoe  factory  workers, 
Preston,  Ont. 


Textiles,  Clothing,  etc.— 
Knitting  factory  workers, 
Plessisville,  Que. 


Women's  and  children's 
clothing  factory  workers, 
Saskatoon,  Sask. 


100 


1,010 


1,600 


1,201 


1,356 


1,115 


258 


30 


32 


1,500 


25,000 


41,600 


31,000 


35,000 


1,115 


5,000 


700 


SO 


Commenced  May  15;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  union  security,  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
terminated  by  October  23;  negoti- 
ations; compromise. 

Commenced  July  11;  for  new  agree- 
ments providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  48  to 
40  per  week,  pay  for  six  statutory 
holidays,  check-off  and  extension 
of  vacation  plan,  following  reference 
to  conciliation  board ;  unterminated . 

Commenced  August  22;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  check-off, 
increased  wages  and  reduced  hours 
from  48  to  40  per  week,  following 
reference  to  arbitration  board; 
unterminated. 

Commenced  September  22;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  check-off,  reduced  hours 
from  48  to  40  per  week,  pay  for 
eight  statutory  holidays  instead 
of  four,  two  weeks'  vacations  with 
pay  after  two  years  and  three 
weeks  after  15  years,  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board: 
unterminated. 

Commenced  September  24;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  check-off,  reduced  hours 
from  48  to  40  per  week  and  ex- 
tension of  vacation  plan;  untermi- 
nated. 


Commenced  September  29;  dissatis- 
faction with  piece-work  rates  for 
two  workers;  terminated  October 
1;  return  of  workers;  in  favour  of 
employer. 


Commenced  May  26;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  reduced  hours  from  45 
to  40  per  week,  following  reference 
to  conciliation  board;  partial  re- 
turn of  workers;  unterminated. 


Commenced  May  19;  for  a  new 
agreement  incorporating  cost-of- 
living  bonus  in  basic  rate,  seniority, 
etc.,  following  reference  to  arbi- 
tration board;  partial  return  of 
workers;  unterminated. 

Commenced  September  9;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  44  to 
40  per  week  with  same  take-home 
pay,  seniority  and  job  classifica- 
tion; terminated  October  3;  con- 
ciliation; compromise. 


1871 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  OCTOBER  1953  0)— 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Establish- 
ments 


Workers 


TimeLoss 
in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Progress  Prior  to  October  1953— Continued 


Hosiery  factory  workers, 
Hanover,  Ont. 


Pulp 


Paper  and  Paper 
Products — 
Paper  mill  workers, 
Beauharnois  and 
Crab  tree  Mills,  Que. 


Miscellaneous  Wood  Products- 
Sawmill  workers, 
Penticton,  B.C. 


Lumber  mill  workers, 
St.  John's,  Nfid. 


Saw  and  lumber  mill 
workers, 

Northern  Interior 
British  Columbia 


Metal  Products- 
Zinc  alloy  die  casting 
factory  workers, 
Wallaceburg,  Ont. 


Skate  factory  workers, 
Kitchener,  Ont. 


Spring  factory  workers, 
Hamilton,  Ont. 


Steel  mill  workers, 
Winnipeg,  Man. 


(3) 


44 


22 


461 


41 


140 


1,830 


39 


44 


240 


703 


450 


10,000 


960 


775 


40, 000 


800 


900 


2,500 


14,700 


Commenced  September  25;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  other  changes,  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
unterminated. 


Commenced  September  23  and  27; 
for  new  agreements  providing  for 
reduced  hours  from  48-50  to  40 
per  week  with  same  take-home  pay 
and  night  shift  differential, 
following  reference  to  arbitration 
board;  unterminated. 


Commenced  September  12;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  unterminated. 

Commenced  September  21;  for  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  retroactive  to  July  1,  closed 
shop  and  check-off,  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
terminated  October  7;  negoti- 
ations; compromise. 

Commenced  September  28;  for  new 
agreements  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  44  to 
40  per  week  with  same  take-home 
pay,  pay  for  three  statutory  holi- 
days and  closed  shop,  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
unterminated. 


Commenced  April  22;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  retroactive  to  October  30, 
1952,  and  other  changes,  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
terminated  October  30;  negoti- 
ations; compromise. 

Commenced  May  14;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  union  shop,  check-off,  etc., 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  unterminated. 

Commenced  June  24;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  42|  to 
40  per  week  with  same  take-home 
pay,  check-off,  etc.,  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
partial  return  of  workers;  untermi- 
nated. 

Commenced  September  29  and  30; 
for  new  agreements  providing  for 
increased  wages  and  reduced  hours 
from  42§  to  40  per  week  with  same 
take-home  pay,  following  reference 
to  conciliation  board;  unterminated. 


1872 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  OCTOBER  1953   0) 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Establish- 
ments 


Workers 


TimeLoss 
in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars^) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  in  Progress  Prior  to  October  1953— Concluded 


Construction — 

Buildings  and  Structures- 
Carpenters, 
Moncton,  N.B. 


Transportation  and  Public 
Utilities — 
Water  Transport — 
Seamen, 
Canadian  Ports. 


Trade — ■ 

Wholesale     produce     ware- 
house workers, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


Wholesale  grocery 
warehouse  workers, 
Penticton,  B.C. 


Service — 
Business  and  Personal— 
Hotel  and  beverage  room 
employees, 

Bellevue,  Blairmore 
and  Coleman,  Alta. 


16 


(4) 
260 


375 


50 


650 


7,500 


800 


Commenced  September  23;  for  new 
agreements  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  44  to 
40  per  week  with  same  take-home 
pay  and  protest  against  employ- 
ment of  improvers,  following  refer- 
ence to  conciliation  board; 
terminated  October  3;  negotiations; 
compromise. 


Commenced  September  29;  for  new 
agreements  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  56  to 
40  per  week  and  other  changes, 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  terminated  October  23; 
conciliation,  federal;  compromise. 

Commenced  June  15;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  terminated  Oc- 
tober 31;  negotiations;  compromise. 

Commenced  August  3;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  closed  shop,  grievance 
committee,  etc.,  following  refer- 
ence to  conciliation  board;  later 
information  indicates  terminated 
August  13;  return  of  workers;  in 
favour  of  employer. 


Commenced  September  25;  for  new 
agreements  providing  for  increased 
wages  for  all,  and  reduced  hours 
for  maids  and  waitresses  from  48 
to  44  per  week,  following  reference 
to  arbitration  board;  terminated 
at  six  hotels  on  September  30  and 
at  one  on  October  1;  negotiations; 
compromise. 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  Commencing  During  October  1953 


Mining— 

Gold  and  copper  miners, mill 
and  smelter  workers, 
Noranda,  Que. 


Gold  miners  and  mill 
workers, 
Timmins,  Ont. 


572 


354 


14,300 


000 


Commenced  October  2;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  48  to 
44  per  week,  check-off,  pay  for  six 
statutory  holidays  instead  of  five, 
shift  differential  and  welfare  and 
pension  plans,  following  reference 
to  arbitration  board;  unterminated. 

Commenced  October  13;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  48  to 
44  per  week,  check-off,  pay  for 
six  statutory  holidays  instead  of 
four,  shift  differential  and  extension 
of  vacation  plan,  following  reference 
to  conciliation  board ;  unterminated . 


1873 


TABLE  G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,  OCTOBER  1953  (») 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Establish- 
ments 


Workers 


Time  Loss 
in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  Commencing  During  October  1933— Continued 


Copper  miners  and  mill 
workers, 

Normetal,  Que. 


Copper  miners  and  mill 
workers, 

Noranda,  Que. 


Gold  miners  and  mill 
workers, 

Schumacher,  Ont. 


Manufacturing — 
Animal  Foods — 
Meat  packing  plant  workers, 
Vancouver,  B.C. 


Rubber  and  Its  Products— 
Rubber  and  plastic  products 
factory  workers, 
Welland,  Ont. 


Textiles,  Clothing,  etc. — 
Cotton  factory  workers, 
Welland,  Ont. 


Miscellaneous  Wood  Products- 
Lumber  mill  workers, 
Interior  British 
Columbia. 


Saw  and  planing  mill 
workers, 

Lumby,  B.C. 


Sawmill  workers, 
Stellarton,  N.S. 


12 


425 


347 


190 


(5) 
27 


450 


(6) 
96 


850 


76 


35 


5,500 


3,470 


1,140 


80 


400 


500 


5,500 


200 


420 


Commenced  October  17;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  48  to 
44  per  week,  check-off,  pay  for 
six  statutory  holidays  instead  of 
five,  shift  differential  and  welfare 
and  pension  plans,  following  refer- 
ence to  arbitration  board;  untermi- 
nated. 

Commenced  October  21;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  retroactive  to  Feb.  20, 
reduced  hours  from  48  to  44  per 
Aveek,  check-off,  pay  for  six  statu- 
tory holidays,  shift  differential 
and  welfare  and  pension  plans, 
following  reference  to  arbitration 
board;  unterminated. 

Commenced  October  26;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  48  to 
44  per  week,  check-off,  pay  for 
six  statutory  holidays  instead  of 
five,  shift  differential  and  welfare 
and  pension  plans,  following  refer- 
ence to  conciliation  board;  un- 
terminated. 


Commenced  October  28;  protesting 
demotion  of  a  truck  driver;  un- 
terminated. 


Commenced  October  28;  alleged 
discrimination  in  suspension  of  nine 
workers,  following  attendance  at 
union  meeting  called  during  work- 
ing hours;  unterminated. 


Commenced  October  2;  protesting 
reduced  earnings  for  weavers  on 
piece-work  rates  and  work  assign- 
ments under  time  study;  terminat 
October  9;  return  of  workers  pen- 
ding reference  to  arbitration; 
indefinite. 


Commenced  October  16;  for  new 
agreements  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  other  changes,  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
partial  return  of  workers;  untermi- 
nated. 

Commenced  October  19;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  pay  for  nine  statutory 
holidays,  check-off,  etc.;  termi- 
nated October  21 ;  return  of  workers; 
in  favour  of  employer. 

Commenced  October  19;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,    reduced    hours   and    other 

changes;  untenninated. 


1874 


TABLE   G-2.— STRIKES  AND  LOCKOUTS  IN  CANADA,   OCTOBER  1953   () 


Industry,  Occupation 
and  Locality 


Number  Involved 


Establish- 
ments 


Workers 


Time  Loss 
in  Man- 
Working 
Days 


Particulars  (2) 


Strikes  and  Lockouts  Commencing  During  October  1953 


Metal  Products — 
Automotive  stamping 
factory  workers, 
Windsor,  Ont. 


Steel  tank  factory  workers, 
Brandon,  Man. 


Motor  vehicle  factory 
workers, 

Windsor,  Ont. 


Structural  steel  fabricators. 
New  Glasgow,  N.S. 


Stove  and  refrigerator 
factory  workers, 
Weston,  Ont. 


Construction — 
Buildings  and  Structures— 
Carpenters, 
Fort  William  and 
Port  Arthur,  Ont. 


Carpenters, 
Windsor,  Ont. 


Trade— 

Truck     drivers     and     con- 
struction  equipment 
warehouse  workers, 
Chatham,  Ont. 


Mining  and  construction 
equipment  warehouse 
workers, 

Port  Arthur,  Ont. 


Service — 
Public  Administration- 
Hydro  workers. 
Forest  Hill,  Ont. 


10 


32 


(7) 


13 


123 


600 


450 


750 


27 


12 


10 


175 


600 


25 


780 


300 


4,000 


2,250 


175 


168 


35 


Commenced  October  6;  for  imple- 
mentation of  award  of  conciliation 
board  for  increased  wages  and 
other  changes  in  new  agreement 
under  negotiations;  unterminated. 

Commenced  October  7;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages  retroactive  to  Mav  15, 
following  reference  to  conciliation 
board;  unterminated. 


Commenced  October  7;  dispute  re 
quota  of  men  assigned  to  door 
fitting  department;  terminated 
October  8;  return  of  workers  pen- 
ding report  on  job  assessment; 
indefinite. 

Commenced  October  14;  for  a  new 
agreement  providing  for  increased 
wages,  reduced  hours  from  44  to  40 
per  week  and  other  changes;  un- 
terminated. 

Commenced  October  19;  for  time- 
and-one-half  for  Saturdays  and 
Sundays  for  workers  on  mainten- 
ance staff;  terminated  October  19; 
return  of  workers;  in  favour  of 
employer. 

Commenced  October  20;  for  new 
agreements  providing  for  increased 
wages  retroactive  to  April  1 ,  and 
other  changes,  following  reference 
to  conciliation  board;  unterminated 

Commenced  October  28;  for  new 
agreements  providing  for  increased 
wages  and  other  changes,  following 
reference  to  conciliation  board; 
unterminated. 

Commenced  October  '2;  for  rein- 
statement of  a  dismissed  truck 
driver;  terminated  October  13; 
return  of  workers  pending  reference 
to  arbitration;  indefinite. 

Commenced  October  13;  for  a  union 
agreement  providing  for  job  classi- 
fication and  welfare  and  insurance 
plans,  following  reference  to  con- 
ciliation board;  unterminated. 


Commenced  October  22;  for  closed 
shop  clause  in  union  agreement 
under  negotiations;  terminated 
October  27;  negotiations;  in  favour 
of  employer. 


0)  Preliminary  data  based  where  possible  on  reports  from  parties  concerned,  in  some  cases  in 
complete;  subject  to  revision  for  the  annual  review. 

(2)  In  this  table  the  date  of  commencement  is  that  on  which  time  loss  first  occurred  and  the  date 
of  termination  is  the  last  day  on  which  time  was  lost  to  an  appreciable  extent. 

(3)  54  indirectly  affected;    (4)  450  indirectly  affected;    (5)  57  indirectly  affected;    (G)  224  indirectly 
affected;   (7)  3,000  indirectly  affected. 

1875 


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1876 


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Canadian    Railway    Board    of    Adjustment 

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1877 


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